A novel HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/MS (HPLC-APCI/MS) method was developed for the rapid analysis of selected fatty and resin acids typically present in papermaking process waters. A mixture of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, and dehydroabietic acids was separated by a commercial HPLC column (a modified stationary C(18) phase) using gradient elution with methanol/0.15% formic acid (pH 2.5) as a mobile phase. The internal standard (myristic acid) method was used to calculate the correlation coefficients and in the quantitation of the results. In the thorough quality parameters measurement, a mixture of these model acids in aqueous media as well as in six different paper machine process waters was quantitatively determined. The measured quality parameters, such as selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy, clearly indicated that, compared with traditional gas chromatographic techniques, the simple method developed provided a faster chromatographic analysis with almost real-time monitoring of these acids.


In this paper, a hybrid network combining light fidelity (Li-Fi) with a radio frequency (RF) wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) network is considered. An additional tier of very small Li-Fi attocells which utilize the visible light spectrum, offers a significant increase in the wireless data throughput in an indoor environment, while at the same time providing room illumination. Importantly, there is no interference between Li-Fi and Wi-Fi. A Li-Fi attocell covers a significantly smaller area than a Wi-Fi access point (AP). This means that even with a moderate user movement a large number of handover between Li-Fi attocells can occur, and this compromises the system throughput. Dynamic load balancing (LB) can mitigate this issue so that the quasi-static users are served by Li-Fi attocells, while moving users are served by a Wi-Fi AP. However, due to the user movement, local overload situations may occur which prevent handover, leading to a lower throughput. This research studies LB in a hybrid Li-Fi/Wi-Fi network by taking into account user mobility and handover signalling overheads. Furthermore, a dynamic LB scheme is proposed, where the utility function considers system throughput and fairness. In order to better understand the handover effect on the LB, the service areas of different APs are studied, and the throughput of each AP by employing the proposed LB scheme is analyzed.


In the present day, human-computer interaction is more important. This study proposes a new ideal for hand recognition model by combining VICON and multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). After building and testing, this model showed the recognition rates are 98.60% (by train set) and 82.64% (by test set) respectively. The average recognition rate is 90.62%. Besides, this research discussion the effect of subjects and eigen vectors on recognition rate of model.


INTRODUCTION
Yellow fever is considered a re-emerging disease and is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and South America. At present, there are no standardized or commercialized kits available for yellow fever virus detection. Therefore, diagnosis must be made by time-consuming routine techniques, and sometimes, the virus or its proteins are not detected. Furthermore, co-circulation with other flaviviruses, including dengue virus, increases the difficulty of diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE
To develop a specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR-based assay to improve the detection and diagnosis of yellow fever virus using both serum and fresh tissue samples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
RT-PCR primers were designed to amplify a short fragment of all yellow fever virus genotypes reported. A second set of primers was used in a nested PCR to increase sensitivity. Thirty-three clinical samples were tested with the standardized reaction.

RESULTS
The expected amplicon was obtained in 25 out of 33 samples analyzed using this approach, and 2 more samples tested positive after a subsequent nested PCR approach.

CONCLUSION
This improved technique not only ensures the specific detection of a wide range of yellow fever virus genotypes but also may increase the sensitivity of detection by introducing a second round of amplification, allowing a rapid differential diagnosis between dengue and yellow fever infection, which is required for effective surveillance and opportune epidemiologic measures.


Cosmetic earnings management (CEM) is a way of manipulating financial results through small upward rounding of reported earnings. As a result, there will be more than expected zeros and less than expected nines as second digit of earnings numbers. Previous studies showed that cosmetic earnings management has occurred before implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the U.S and there has been a tendency to exercise it worldwide. This paper investigates the occurrence of CEM in the companies listed in Tehran stock exchange (TSE) during 1999 to 2013 by comparing observed distribution of earning numbers with a standard distribution, called Benford's law. The results show that CEM has not occurred in TSE for the period 1999 to 2009. We suggest users of financial statements to pay attention to earning numbers as a start point for further investigations.


Crisis management is a very important part of public safety. Its history has been changing over the last ten years, starting from the political changes, through various changes of its structural services, to the challenges have been put by all atmospheric phenomena in recent years. These changes caused that all services, after the years of theoretical discusses over the strategic documents, must be proceeded to implement them in practice. Today, in general, we can say that having a wealth of practical experience, it is possible to undertake the evaluation of the effectiveness in this area of public policy. The purpose of this paper is an attempt to assess the logistics support as key element of crisis management systems. Based on the assessment, becomes possible run the actions in purpose to evaluate the system. Irrelevant is here to judge the services from the subjective and political point of view only, but first of all, consider the implementation of an effective assessment model, which allows to approach to this such very important problem in the most objective way.


Electrophysiological studies of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and the results of PCR, Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses have demonstrated the molecular diversity of Na+ channels that operate in sensory neurons. Several subtypes of alpha-subunit have been detected in DRG neurons and transcripts encoding all three beta-subunits are also present. Interestingly, one alpha subunit, Na(v)1.8, is selectively expressed in C-fibre and Adelta fibre associated sensory neurons that are predominantly involved in damage sensing. Another channel, Na(v).3, is selectively up regulated in a variety of models of neuropathic pain. In this review we focus on Na+ channels that are selectively expressed in DRG neurons as potential analgesic drug targets. In the absence of subtype specific inhibitors, the production of null mutant mice provides useful information on the specialized functions of particular Na+ channels. A refinement of this approach is to delete Na+ channel genes flanked by lox-P sites in the sensory ganglia of adult animals, using viruses to deliver the bacteriophage Cre recombinase enzyme.


We consider highly heterogeneous materials with multiscale microstructures, such as, for instance, the Earth's crust, and focus on the case when the microstructure could be considered self-similar, at least in a range of scales. The paper develops a conceptual framework to treat such materials within the paradigm of continuum mechanics. We represent the material, within its range of self-similarity, by a self-similar sequence of what we call H-continua. Each H-continuum replaces the original materials with all structural elements of sizes smaller than H, such that the average (over the volume elements of size H) response of the continuum is similar to the original material. In each continuum, stress, strain and displacement fields are defined as usual. We then continue this sequence in a self-similar manner to the limits H → 0 and H → ∞, such that a truly self-similar system is obtained. The intersection of these continua (generally a fractal F) consists of points where all fields scale according to power laws. In this system, the equations of equilibrium are determined using the H-derivative, which is a difference quotient with the increment equal to H. Multifractal formalism is developed for non-uniform stress scaling and applied to the growth of a crack in a continuous material with fractal distribution of body forces. Fractal dimension of the future fracture surface is determined and the conditions of stable and unstable crack growth are formulated based on the multifractal spectrum.


Cleavages of p- and m-nitrophenyl 1-adamantanecarboxylates (1 and 2) were carried out in the presence of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins at 16 °C. The complex formation of 1 with α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins decelerated its cleavage by 3.2, 28, and 13 fold, respectively, in the 99 : 1 (v/v) mixture of 0.1 mol dm−3 NaOH aqueous solution and acetonitrile. All α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins showed decelerations of the cleavages of 1 and 2 also in the 66 : 34 mixture of 0.1 mol dm−3 NaOH aqueous solution and acetonitrile, although the magnitudes of the rate effects were smaller. The decelerations of the cleavages of 1 and 2 by cyclodextrins were markedly in contrast with the accelerations of the cleavages of other phenyl esters by cyclodextrins previously reported, and were ascribed to the formation of the complexes, in which 1 and 2 were protected sterically and/or electrostatically by cyclodextrins.


The Weichselian Late Glacial (ca. 13,000 - 10,000 years BP) marks the transition from the cold Weichsel Late Pleniglacial to the warmer Holocene. During this period the climate rapidly changed as did the vegetation and the abiotic landscape. The vegetational development of the Weichselian Late Glacial in The Netherlands is determined firstly by the large-scale changes in climate and in the second place by local variations in lithology, geomorphology and hydrology. Pollen diagrams from different areas, embracing the same time-stratigraphical interval, often show clear variations in vegetation history, which can not be explained on climatological grounds alone. In The Netherlands over 400 palynological sections, covering a part or the whole of the Weichselian Late Glacial, have been investigated by several institutes. For the compilation of the data from over 250 pollen diagrams, use was made of the European Pollen Database structure. Dated shifts in the arboreal pollen content constitute the basis of a regional zonation scheme. With the help of this, iso-pollen maps of main taxa were constructed for different time-windows within the Weichselian Late Glacial. The dense network of palynological observation sites in The Netherlands permitted the drafting of high-resolution iso-pollen maps of the period considered. A clear relationship can be recognized between the iso-pollen patterns and the landscape type. Thus, it should be possible to distinguish more clearly between climate and other abiotic agencies of the environment which affected vegetational development.


A finite horizon model of industrial exit is developed. After an initial lag, most exits are by young firms. The duration of the lag is positively related to sunk entry costs, but not due to the fallacy of sunk costs. The conception of entry differs from previous research; as a result, not all entrants are identical; and firm size affects the rate of learning. On average, larger new firms last longer. Entrepreneurs in declining firms act more lazily as the firm declines. A number of empirical observations about declining firms are organized by the model.


Large-size, two-dimensional Y Ba2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films were successfully prepared by a chemical solution-based coating pyrolysis (CP) process on 30 × 10 cm2 R-plane sapphire substrates with a vacuum-deposited CeO2 buffer layer. The CeO2 layer was very smooth and uniform with an average roughness (Ra) of 0.48 nm by atomic force microscopic observations and highly (001)-oriented by large-area x-ray diffraction θ–2θ scans. The c-axis-oriented YBCO films were prepared by a CP process using a fluorine-free, metal acetylacetonate-based coating solution. A 30 × 10 cm2-rectangular c-axis-oriented YBCO film annealed in a large-diameter tube furnace demonstrated high inductive-Jc values, for which the distribution was fairly uniform, with an average 1.0 MA cm−2 at 77 K.


We have several news regarding data alteration in the communication background. The SQL Injection attack is a popular way of attack in terms of document structure and common threats now a day. There are several ways of attack detection as per our study and also prevention methods had been discussed in several research papers. In this paper our main motivation to discuss and find the better methodology so that in future we can design better attack detection and prevention methods. For better security we also discuss encryption and decryption techniques.


The guided waves in the uniform waveguide of rectangular cross-section exhibit complicated propagation and scattering characteristics due to the diversity of vibration modes. This paper focuses on the mode conversion of the lowest Lamé mode at a part-through or through-thickness crack. Firstly, the Floquet periodicity boundary condition is applied to derive the dispersion curves in the rectangular beam, which relates the axial wavenumber to the frequency. On this basis, the frequency domain analysis is conducted to investigate the interaction between the fundamental longitudinal mode in the vicinity of the first Lamé frequency and a part-through or through-thickness vertical or inclined crack. Finally, the nearly perfect transmission frequency is evaluated by extracting displacement and stress harmonic fields throughout the cross-section. It is shown that this frequency originates from the first Lamé frequency, increases with the crack depth, and decreases with the crack width. Between them, the crack depth plays a major role in the frequency variation. In addition, the nearly perfect transmission frequency is negligibly affected by the beam thickness, and such a phenomenon is not observed for inclined cracks. The nearly perfect transmission may have potential applications in the quantitative evaluation of crack size.


While "wabi-sabi" and "iki' are the representative Japanese aesthetic concepts, "han" is that in Korean musical performing arts. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Japan's wabi-sabi and iki in comparison with Korea's han and Western aesthetic categories by the aesthetic model created by the author based on the later thought of Wittgenstein. First, the background of these three concepts is discussed. Next, they are compared with the aesthetic categories of the nineteenth-century West, and the concepts of feelings found in psychological classification of the twentieth century. As a result, it has been understood that wabi-sabi, iki and han are not pure concepts of aesthetics but are also associated with human behaviors, psychology and somesthesis. In addition to this, these concepts may become sometimes expressions that connote rejection of the world. Therefore, to set bases for these concepts, they have to be described with consideration for a function to provide feedback when they are used and while differentiating the demeanors and latent powers. Based on this consideration, the author's circulation model of aesthetic formation is applied to these concepts. In order to clarify their attributes while differentiating the demeanors, each circulation is examined from the aspects like stability, orientation, distance, clarity, tension, intensity and persistence. Lastly, Shuzo Kuki's "iki cube" has been reconstructed through the comparison with the author's model. The method in this paper will be possible to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of aesthetics in Asian traditional musical performing arts by adding aesthetic concepts from other cultural spheres.


Objective: The influence of a repaired cleft lip on the stability of coordination between upper and lower lip in nonspeech and speech tasks was investigated. Design: First, we looked at the effects of a secondary cleft lip repair in three individuals. Second, we compared subjects with a history of repaired unilateral cleft lip and subjects with no history of cleft lip (controls). Lip coordination was measured using continuous estimates of relative phase. Participants: Subjects were nine children and adolescents with a primary unilateral cleft lip and palate repair and 4 participants without cleft matched for age across different age categories. Results: In general, the averaged relative phase angle (RPA) angle values were smaller than 180 degrees, indicating an upper lip lead for lip closure. Controls showed a tendency toward a more symmetric type of coordination (close to 180 degrees), compared with subjects with a repaired unilateral cleft lip. The controls also showed less variation in coordination between the lips. For the more complex speech tasks, a general increase in variability of the RPA values for all subjects was observed, most likely suggesting a more flexible type of coordination. Regarding the effect of a secondary cleft lip repair, only one of the three patients showed a clearly less symmetric and less stable type of coordination, compared with preoperation results. Conclusions: There appear to be differences in lip coordination between speakers without and speakers with a repaired unilateral cleft lip. Furthermore, it seems that the stability of lip coordination tends to increase with age.


The ternary system containing aqueous U(VI), aqueous phosphate and solid SiO2 was comprehensively investigated using a batch sorption technique, in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy (TRLS), and surface complexation modeling (SCM). The batch sorption studies on silica gel (10 g/L) in the pH range 2.5 to 5 showed no significant increase in U(VI) uptake in the presence of phosphate at equimolar concentration of 20 μM, but significant increase in U(VI) uptake was observed for higher phosphate concentrations. In situ infrared and luminescence spectroscopic studies evidence the formation of two binary U(VI) surface species in the absence of phosphate, whereas after prolonged sorption in the presence of phosphate, the formation of a surface precipitate, most likely an autunite-like phase, is strongly suggested. From SCM, excellent fitting results were obtained exclusively considering two binary uranyl surface species and the formation of a solid uranyl phosphate phase. Ternary surface complexes were not needed to explain the data. The results of this study indicate that the sorption of U(VI) on SiO2 in the presence of inorganic phosphate initially involves binary surface-sorption species and evolves toward surface precipitation.


Although the protection of legitimate expectations is a well–known doctrine of EU law and is, as such, regularly applied by Community courts, its boundaries in the particular field of State aid are remarkably unclear. The case law relating to the application of this doctrine appears at first sight to be ambiguous and even sometimes incoherent. This seems to have led several commentators to conclude that applicants seeking the benefit of the protection of legitimate expectations should, if not renounce altogether, at least abandon almost all hopes of succeeding in such an endeavour. On the basis of a near–comprehensive study of the relevant case law and decision practice, this paper will try to show (i) that, once a rationalization effort is performed, the conditions of a successful legitimate expectation claim appear more clearly; and most importantly (ii) that the EU institutions in charge of State aid control (principally the Commission and the Community courts) are not indifferent – far from it – to claims based on the notion of legitimate expectations. Therefore, it will be argued that recipients of unlawful State aids should study carefully the conditions of application of the principle of legitimate expectation, for there is still a case for hope.


Much of our thinking around technology and the city is based around polarising paradigms. These tend to move between two different approaches; the technocratic and the social. On one hand the smart city agenda is underpinned by a vision of data-centred optimisation of urban systems, whilst on the other hand there is a focus on open-source, citizen driven approach based around ad-hoc practices and prototyping of counter-culture scenarios. To date, the technocratic paradigm has tended to dominate smart city projects and initiatives, which are often led by ICT companies. Many smart city concepts and projects tend to prioritise data capture that leads to top-down, technocratic governance (Kitchin, 2014), and a number of existing publications in the field focus on the technical and economic dimensions of smart systems (Paskaleva, 2011). This is despite the fact that the social issues and implications have been recognised as critical within the context of urban development (Hollands, 2008; Luque-Ayala & Marvin, 2015). Kitchin (2014) describes how the term 'smart cities' encompasses both cities which are 'increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous computing' and those 'whose economy and governance is being driven by innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, enacted by smart people' (p. 01). This highlights the polarising nature of smart city rhetoric; the former presents a more technocratic and neo-liberal paradigm of ICT driven urban change, whilst the latter focuses on the positive societal impacts of ICTs in urban space. Consequently, Marvin, Luque-Ayala and McFarlane (2015) highlight the need for international comparative research, bringing a 'critical insight across disciplines and places' (p. 03).


We examined the effect of spatial iconicity (a perceptual simulation of canonical locations of objects) and word-order frequency on language processing and episodic memory of orientation. Participants made speeded relatedness judgements to pairs of words presented in locations typical of their real-world arrangements (e.g., ceiling on top and floor on bottom). They then engaged in a surprise orientation recognition task for the word pairs. We replicated Louwerse's (2008) finding that word-order frequency has a stronger effect on semantic relatedness judgements than does spatial iconicity. This is consistent with recent suggestions that linguistic representations have a stronger impact on immediate decisions about verbal materials than do perceptual simulations. In contrast, spatial iconicity enhanced episodic memory of orientation to a greater extent than word-order frequency did. This new finding indicates that perceptual simulations have an important role in episodic memory. Results are discussed with respect to theories of perceptual representation and linguistic processing.


The research project has been focused on the preparation and characterization of Mg(b1-xCx)2 powder and bulk samples using chemical vapour coated boron and silica coated boron by sol-gel method. The chemical vapour deposition of carbon on boron powder was achieved by reacting ethylene gas on high purity nano-sized boron particles (20-100nm diameter) with varying deposition temperatures and partial pressures. Undoped and carbon doped boron was then reacted with magnesium rod to produce both Mg(b1-xCx)2 powder and bulk samples. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the chemical vapour deposition achieved a uniformly thick carbon-rich layer on each particle, regardless of particle size. In addition, the analusis of the diffraction peaks and the characterization of the magnetisation has evidenced the coexistence of phases with different levels of carbon resulting in multiple current paths within the Mg(B1-xCx)2 samples. The study of the preparation process for bulk Mg(B1-xCx)2 samples has evidenced that reducing the difference between the time constant of reaction and the time constant of diffusion is crucial to opbtain well-sintered samples devoid of cracks. Doping with carbon has shown significant improvements in the field dependence of K for the MG(B1-xCx)2 bulk samples reaching values com[parable with the best literature-reported data for bulk samples. However, the K values of the MG(B1-xCx)2 bulk samples were observed to be noticeably lower when compared with the beszt liter4arture-reported data for wires and tapes, owing to the greater density achievable in the latter. In contrast to the carbon doping, the coating with silica via sol-gel process was found to impair the in-field Jc properties of Mg(B1-xCx)2 bulk samples, presumably due to the huge amount of silica loaded onto the boron powder and to the formation of carbonate and silicate impuritis within their reacted microstructure.


Motivation: Multi-omic data spanning from genotype, gene expression to protein expression have been increasingly explored, with attempt to better interpret genetic findings from genome wide association studies and to gain more insight of the disease mechanism. However, gene expression and protein expression are part of dynamic process changing in various ways as a cell ages. Expression data captured by existing technology is often noisy and only capture a screenshot of the dynamic process. Performance of models built on top of these expression data is undoubtedly compromised. To address this problem, we propose a new interpretable deep multi-omic network fusion model (MoFNet) for predictive modeling of Alzheimer's disease. In particular, the information flow from DNA to protein is leveraged as a prior multiomic network to enhance the signal in gene and protein expression data so as to achieve better prediction power. Results: The proposed model MoFNet significantly outperformed all other state-of-art classifiers when evaluated using genotype, gene expression and protein expression data from the ROS/MAP cohort. Instead of individual markers, MoFNet yielded 3 major multi-omic subnetworks related to innate immune system, clearance of unwanted cells or misfolded proteins, and neurotransmitter release respectively. Availability: The source code is available through GitHub (https://github.com/yashraj59/MoFNet). Multiomic data used in this analysis is from the ROS/MAP project and is available upon application through the AMP-AD knowledge portal (https://adknowledgeportal.synapse.org). Contact: email@example.com


Marine aquaculture is an activity that has induced severe local losses of seagrass meadows along the coastal areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of an area degraded by fish‐farm activities to support Posidonia oceanica seedlings. In the study site, a bay in the southeast coast of Spain where part of a meadow disappeared by fish‐farm activities, seedlings inside mesh‐pots were planted in three areas. Two plots were established in each area, one in P. oceanica dead matte and another inside a P. oceanica meadow. To evaluate if sediment conditions were adequate for the life of the seedlings, half of them were planted in direct contact with the sediment and the other half were planted above the surface of the sediment in each plot. Monitoring during 1 year showed that there were large differences in seedling survival between the dead matte and the P. oceanica meadow. While seedlings planted in dead matte had a high survivorship after 1 year (75%), seedlings planted in P. oceanica progressively died (survivorship of 20% after 1 year). The average leaf length of the seedlings surviving in the two substrata was not different, but the leaf area per seedling was lower in the seedlings growing inside the P. oceanica meadow during most part of the year. Seedling survivorship and vegetative development were not affected by the level of planting and suggest that the sediment conditions are adequate for the life of P. oceanica seedlings.


European Union policy changed considerably towards Turkey between 1997 and 1999. This paper analyses the circumstances surrounding this change, focusing on (a) the modification in the overall enlargement strategy of the EU and (b) the effect of the change in particular member states' preferences with regard to Turkish candidacy. We contend that these two developments converged to produce a rather dramatic alteration in policy towards Turkey from one of exclusion to one of inclusion.


The authors studied 11 patients with subinsular stroke (subIS) located in a deep border zone between lenticulostriate arteries and small insular cortical penetrating branches of the middle cerebral artery. The typical clinical features of subIS were motor deficits (11 patients), sensory disturbances (6 patients), transcortical motor aphasia and hypophonia (2 patients), and transient dysphagia at stroke onset (5 patients). Large artery disease and cardioembolic mechanisms may give rise to subIS by hemodynamic mechanisms.


Introduction: Accidental children poisoning is a potential source of morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of data about its burden in Saudi Arabia.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence and patterns of acute poisoning in children and the response of mothers/caregivers to its incidence in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including the mothers who attended the primary healthcare centers (PHCs) during the period from Sep to Oct 2017 Seven PHCs were randomly selected followed by selecting a proportional sample of mothers from each center. Data collection was performed through an interview with the participants via a structured questionnaire.
Results: In a total of 354 mothers (69.8% with at least a high school education), 82 mothers (23.2%) reported a history of poisoning. The affected children aged 2-5 years with a slight male propensity (53.7%). Therapeutic drugs accounted for 87.8% of cases (mainly antipyretics, cough syrups and decongestants). Telephone consultation and immediate referral to the nearest PHC were the most common responses (86.1% and 70.8%, respectively). Family members were the most frequent source of information (69%) while 76.4% of the mothers had no contact with the drug poisoning center. Poisoning episodes increased significantly when the mother was less educated (P =0.017), non-working (P=0.026), had another child aged
Conclusion: Accidental children poisoning represents a significant burden. Effective communication with the local drug poisoning center should be established. There is an urgent need to conduct aggressive campaigns to reduce poisoning rates.

Keywords: Poisoning, Children, Saudi Arabia, Morbidity, Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions.


Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) allows minimally invasive full-thickness local excision of rectal tumors with perirectal fat dissection. Thirty-seven patients with extraperitoneal rectal carcinoma underwent full thickness TEM resection for T1 (10 patients), T2 (20 patients), and T3 (6 patients) lesions, with associated radiotherapy in the second and third group. One patient, staged as T2, underwent full-dose radiotherapy and TEM and the pathologist did not find cancer cells on the specimen (pT0). Morbidity included would dehiscence and stool incontinence in three and two patients, respectively, that resolved with medical therapy and rectovaginal fistula in one patient that required reoperation. No perioperative mortality was observed. Mean follow-up was 35 months (range 17-60 months), with two local recurrences (5.4%) that were successfully retreated. Cancer-related mortality due to systemic metastases was 8.1%. This is the first clinical study reporting on the application of TEM combined with radiotherapy for the treatment of T2 and T3 rectal cancer in selected patients. This approach is feasible, safe, and appears to be effective at the present duration of follow-up, with preservation of normal and sphincter function.


Land use changing in Sumenep city in recent years has caused runoff in several locations. Therefore, rehabilitations of existing channel to suit the surface runoff are needed. This paper presents capacity determination of existing drainage channels subjected to rainfall with 5-year flood discharge plan and consideration of sea tides effect to Marengan River which crossed Sumenep city. The proposed flood control methods in Sumenep city area was also discussed. The catchment of specified rural area was modelled using SWMM instrument to compare channel conditions before and after rehabilitation. Channel size and height of water level in channel due to rainfall together with the effect of backwater occurred in Marengan River caused by the sea tides was observed during the time. From the analysis, it was found that most of existing secondary drainage channels are uncapable to accommodate rainfall with 5-year flood discharge plan. From the available eight secondary drainage channels outlets, the last three outlets were subjected to reverse flows effect in Marengan River due to sea tides. In order to reduce the occurance of surface runoff inundation, secondary drainage channel rehabilitation was planned at each outlet, and these proven capable to accommodate rainwater runoff and reverse flow as well


In this research, a novel biphasic solid solution consisted of Calcium fluoride (CF) and fluorinated-hydroxyapatite (FHAp) was successfully synthesized through a modified precipitation method using buffer solution. The obtained results confirmed the formation of biphasic nanocrystalline powder composed of about 46% CF and 54% (w/w%) FHAp. This product can be considered as an osteoconductive dental filler or implant with the ability of dental carries prevention due to release of fluorine ions. Herein, the usage of buffer solution for this purpose not only can produces biphasic powder but also provides the possibility of establishment of a continuous synthesis method without manual interfere for adjusting pH of the reactor.


A quasi-distributed acoustic sensor using in-line weak reflectors and a low coherence light source is presented. The dynamic strain is retrieved from the phase change of the two interfering light beams reflected by the same weak reflector. In the experiments, two vibrations at different channels along a weak reflector array are successfully detected simultaneously. A strain resolution of 50 pɛ/H z with 20-m interval is achieved in experiments, and no cross talk is observed. With simple system configuration and low cost, this approach provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, solution for quasi-distributed acoustic sensing.


Bearing capacity factors for eccentrically loaded strip smooth footings on homogenous cohesive frictional material are deduced by the variational limit equilibrium method and by assuming general shear failure along continuous curved slip surface. From the calculated results, the effective width rule suggested by Meyerhof for bearing capacity factors due to cohesion of soil is justified, and the superposition principle of bearing capacity for eccentrically loaded strip smooth footings is derived together with the bearing capacity factors for cohesion and unit weight of soil. The two factors are represented by soil strength parameters and eccentricity of load. The bearing capacity factor related to unit weight for cohesionless soil is less than that for cohesive frictional soil. The reason for this discrepancy lies in the existence of the soil cohesion, for the shape of the critical rupture surface of footing soil depends on both soil strength parameters rather than on friction angle alone in the previous limit equilibrium solutions. The contact between footing and soil is decided by both the load and the mechanical properties of soil. Under conditions of higher eccentricity and less strength properties of soil, part of the footing will separate from the underlying soil.


Since the advent of the Swift satellite it has been possible to obtain precise localisations of GRB positions of sub-arcsec accuracy within seconds, facilitating ground-based robotic telescopes to automatically slew to the target within seconds. This has yielded a plethora of observational data for the afterglow phase of the GRB, but the quantity of data (<2 keV) covering the initial prompt emission still remains small. Only in a handful of cases has it been possible obtain simultaneous coverage of the prompt emission in a multi-wavelength regime (gamma-ray to optical), as a result of: observing the field by chance prior to the GRB (e.g. 080319B/naked-eye burst), long-prompt emission (e.g., 080928, 110205A) or triggered on a pre-cursor (e.g., 041219A, 050820A, 061121). This small selection of bursts have shown both correlated and uncorrelated gamma-ray and optical light curve behaviour, and the multi-wavelength emission mechanism remains far from resolved (i.e. single population synchrotron self-Component, electron distributions, additional neutron components or residual collisions). Such multi-wavelength observations during the GRB prompt phase are pivotal in providing further insight on the poorly understood prompt emission mechanism. We add to this small sample the Swift burst 121217A that had two distinct periods of prompt emission separated by ~700 s, observed by Swift/BAT, Swift/XRT and Fermi/GBM. As a result of the time delay of the second emission, it enabled optical imaging (from 3 to 7 bands) to be taken with the GROND instrument to a resolution as fine as 10s. This multi-wavelength data will hopefully allow us to shed more light on the current picture of prompt emission physics.


Human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBCs) have been shown to be beneficial in reducing neurological deficits in rats with brain fluid percussion injury (FPI). This study aimed to assess the basic mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of HUCBC-derived cluster of differentiation 34-positive (CD34+) cells. Rats were divided into three major groups: (i) sham-operated controls; (ii) FPI rats treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); (iii) FPI rats treated with 0.2%, 50%, or 95% CD34+ cells (in 5 × 105 cord blood lymphocytes and monocytes). Intravenous (IV) administration of 0.3 ml of PBS, 0.2% CD34+ cells, 50% CD34+ cells, or 95% CD34+ cells was conducted immediately after FPI. It was found that 4 days post-FPI, CD34+ cells could be detected in the ischemic brain tissues for 50% CD34+ cell- or 95% CD34+ cell-treated FPI rats, but not for the PBS-treated FPI rats or the 0.2% CD34+ cell-treated FPI rats. CD34+ cell (0.2%)-treated FPI rats or PBS-treated FPI rats displayed neurological and motor deficits, cerebral contusion and apoptosis [e.g., increased numbers of both TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling)-positive cells and caspase-3-positive cells], and activated inflammation (e.g., increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α). FPI-induced neurological motor dysfunction, cerebral contusion and apoptosis, and activated inflammation could be attenuated by 50% CD34+ or 95% CD34+ cell therapy. In addition 50% or 95% CD34+ cell therapy but not PBS or 0.2% CD34+ cell therapy significantly promoted angiogenesis (e.g., increased numbers of both vasculoendothelial growth factor-positive cells and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-endothelial double-positive cells), neurogenesis (e.g., increased numbers of both glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-positive cells and BrdU/neuronal nuclei double-positive cells) in the ischemic brain after FPI, and migration of endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow. Our data suggest that IV administration of HUCBC-derived CD34+ cells may improve outcomes of FPI in rats by stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis.


Divergence between populations for a given trait can be driven by natural or sexual selection, interacting with migration behaviour. Mating preference for different phenotypes can lead to the emergence and persistence of differentiated populations. Dominance between alleles encoding for divergent phenotypes can interfere in such processes. Using a diploid model of trait determining both mating success and migration rate, we explored differentiation between two connected populations, assuming either co-dominance or strict dominance between alleles. The model assumes that individuals prefer mating with partners displaying the same phenotype and therefore tend to move to the other population when their own phenotype is rare. We show that the emergence of differentiated populations in this diploid model is limited as compared to results obtained with the same model assuming haploidy. When assuming co-dominance, differentiation arises only when migration is limited as compared to preference. Such differentiation is less dependent on migration when assuming strict dominance between haplotypes. Dominant alleles frequently invade populations because their phenotype is more frequently expressed, resulting in higher mating success and rapid decrease in migration. However, depending on the initial distribution of alleles, this advantage associated with dominance (i.e. Haldane's sieve) may lead to fixation of the dominant allele throughout both populations. Depending on the initial distribution of heterozygotes, persistence of polymorphisms within populations can also occur because heterozygotes displaying the predominant phenotype benefit from mating preferences. Altogether, our results highlight that heterozygotes' behaviour has a strong impact on population differentiation and stress out the need of diploid models of differentiation and speciation driven by natural and sexual selection.


The exudative phase of ALI (acute lung injury) is characterized by loss of the endothelial/alveolar barrier, disruption of local water homeostasis, and intra-alveolar activation of blood coagulation. In previous studies, ALI exudates sampled by BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) demonstrated increased tissue factor and antiproteinase activities compared to BAL from healthy lungs. This study applied osmotic stress techniques to explore the hypothesis that local water activity influences the procoagulant and antiproteinase activities recovered in human BAL fluids. Samples were prepared from 8 injured and 7 normal lungs by sequentially centrifuging BAL fluid at 200 and 40,000g to remove cells and surfactant particles, respectively. Factor Xa generation and inhibition were measured by chromogenic assay under standard (buffer pH 7.4, 0.13 NaCl, 1.3 mM CaCl 2 , 0.5mg/ml ovalbumin) and osmotic stress (~0.6 atm in standard buffer with polyethylene glycol 8000, ~26 A radius) conditions by adding either purified factor X (200 nM) or factor Xa (50 nM) to the samples. Factor Xa generation curves had a sigmoidal shape, and the yields in 25 min-long reactions were variable, as expected, and ranged from 4 to 47 nM. Average activity values were 16-fold higher in ALI than in normal lungs, while tissue factor antigen levels measured by ELISA were 6-fold higher than in normal and ranged from 3.5 to 108 ng/ml. Under osmotic stress, the yields and rates increased in samples from healthy lungs, while the responses in ALI samples were mixed. Four showed decreases; 2 increases and 2 showed no change. Antiproteinase capacity, measured as the decrease in factor Xa activity, was variable but higher in ALI samples, and in both ALI and normal lungs, it increased in response to osmotic stress. These results imply that local hydration and dehydration directly influence procoagulant/anticoagulant activities in bronchoalveolar exudates, regardless of other factors, and that impaired alveolar fluid clearance may contribute directly to coagulation imbalances in ALI.


We investigate connectedness within and across two major groups or assets: i) five popular cryptocurrencies, and ii) six major asset classes plus two commonly employed risk factors. Granger-causality tests uncover six direct channels of causality from the elements of the mainstream assets/risk factors group to digital assets. On the other hand there are two statistically significant causal links going in the other direction. In order to provide some perspective on the magnitude of the uncovered linkages we supplement the analysis by estimating networks from forecast error variance decompositions. The estimated connectedness within the groups is relatively large, whereas the linkages across the two groups are small in comparison. Namely, less than 2.2 percent of future uncertainty of any cryptocurrency is sourced from all non-crypto assets combined, while the joint contribution of all digital assets to non-crypto uncertainty does not exceed 1.5 percent.


Currently, sweet corn is considered an important crop due to its high sugar content and low starch content. Important sugars in sweet corn include sucrose, fructose, glucose, and maltose. The purpose of the present study was to use the yield indices of the eight examined sweet corn hybrids and the correlation of the yield indices together. Concentration is important for consumers in terms of yield indices. The research site was located at the Látókép Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen. The small plot experiment had a strip plot design with four replications. The previous crop was sweet corn; the plant density was 64 thousand/ha. The obtained result indicates that Biplot AMMI based on IPCA1 showed that the DB, NO, GS, and GB hybrids had stability and high performance in terms of yield indices. At the same time, fructose and glucose had stable parameters for the hybrids involved in the study. IPCA1 AMMI biplot showed that the ME hybrid had stability and high performance in terms of iron and zinc as well. IPCA2 AMMI biplot showed that DE, GB, and GS hybrids had stability and the highest performance on yield parameters in the scope of the research. Fructose, glucose, and sucrose had stable parameters on hybrids based on IPCA2. The DB and SE hybrids had desirable performance in Lutein and Zeaxanthin based on the biplot. The DE hybrid had a maximum performance on iron and zinc parameters.


Blind identification of a wireless communication channel is an important issue in communication system design. Most existing blind system identification techniques process the unknown information of the system from its output only. However, in many practical situation partial knowledge of the system transfer function is available. By relying on this known information, the performance of channel identification and equalization can be significantly enhanced. In this paper, we introduce a new system identification technique that exploits both the a priori knowledge of the pulse shape filter and the multi-path channel propagation model. The approach consists first in processing the cyclo-spectrum of the system output that is shown to be superimposed exponential function of the channel propagation delays and attenuations. Then, the frequency parameters, i.e., channel propagation parameters, are later estimated using the Matrix Pencils (MP) frequency estimation method [7].


• The distribution of medicine in the United States is based on a two-class system: prescription and nonprescription. A nonprescription drug is one that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has found to be safe and effective for direct consumer use based on the label instructions and warnings. In the absence of physician supervision, FDA requires a wider margin of safety for nonprescription medicines than for prescription drugs.


We have developed a chemical sensing platform based on xerogel thin film sensor elements coupled with CMOS detectors. We demonstrate the operation of the sensing platform as a simple oxygen sensor. The quenchometric operation of the oxygen sensor coupled with CMOS detectors is compared to standard laboratory detection systems (CCD and PMT). The Stern-Volmer quenching constant (k/sub SV/) is used as a comparative measure of the operation of each of these systems. In our initial experiments all three systems yielded a k/sub SV/ between 0.042 and 0.049 O/sub 2/%/sup -1/. The xerogel sensor elements have demonstrated satisfactory reusability and stability over a period of more than six months. The CMOS detectors consume less than 0.1% of the power required for the PMT or CCD detectors, and are an attractive platform for array processing and portable applications.


Abstract. Sondak CFA, Kaligis EY, Bara RA. 2019. Economic valuation of Lansa Mangrove Forest, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 978-986. Mangrove forest gives many benefits and services to human and environment. Even though it contributes many benefits and services, coastal ecosystems threatened as one of the most critical ecosystems in the world. The study aims to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services provided by Lansa mangrove forest, Wori Sub-district, North Minahasa District, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Here, we describe the use value (direct and indirect value) and non-use value (option and existence value), and emphasize the components of ecosystem services fish resources, firewood, coastal protection, biodiversity, carbon (C) removal and mangrove sustainability because these directly influence human welfare. Their market price calculated fish and C removal value. Coastal barrier and firewood were approached using the replacement cost method. Biodiversity value was calculated using Indonesia mangrove forest biodiversity value. Contingent Valuation method was used to find out people willing to pay for the sustainability of mangrove forest. Lansa mangrove forest total economic value (TEV) was IDR 4,431,197,603 or equal to US$ 305,600 (US$ 1,959 ha-1). The success of this mangrove valuation has potentially large implications for future policy-making of its' ecosystem service values.


This paper presents a new signature monitoring technique, CFCSS (control flow checking by software signatures); CFCSS is a pure software method that checks the control flow of a program using assigned signatures. An algorithm assigns a unique signature to each node in the program graph and adds instructions for error detection. Signatures are embedded in the program during compilation time using the constant field of the instructions and compared with run-time signatures when the program is executed. Another algorithm reduces the code size and execution time overhead caused by checking instructions in CFCSS. A "branching fault injection experiment" was performed with benchmark programs. Without CFCSS, an average of 33.7 % of the injected branching faults produced undetected incorrect outputs; however, with CFCSS, only 3.1 % of branching faults produced undetected incorrect outputs. Thus it is possible to increase error detection coverage for control flow errors by an order of magnitude using CFCSS. The distinctive advantage of CFCSS over previous signature monitoring techniques is that CFCSS is a pure software method, i.e., it needs no dedicated hardware such as a watchdog processor for control flow checking. A watchdog task in multitasking environment also needs no extra hardware, but the advantage of CFCSS over a watchdog task is that CFCSS can be used even when the operating system does not support multitasking.


Two prospective studies were designed to evaluate laryngeal injury sustained with the standard endotracheal tube (ETT) and the relative safety of a new prototype ETT. The first study followed patients after prolonged intubation with the standard ETT. Potential patient host factors were recorded and correlated with subjective complaints and objective findings on fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Nearly all patients sustained laryngeal injury after prolonged intubation, although over two thirds experienced resolution. Nasogastric feeding tubes and larger-diameter ETTs were associated with true vocal cord (TVC) granuloma formation. Duration of intubation was associated with delayed TVC immobility. The mechanisms of TVC granulomas and immobility are probably different, as suggested by the different host factor associations and onset times. The second study compared the standard ETT with the prototype ETT in short-term intubations. The prototype ETT was associated with no complications in this setting and is considered relatively safe for further testing in the patient with prolonged intubation.


In investigating thermally sprayed Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coatings, widely applied under conditions of wear, corrosion, and high temperatures, designed experiments and statistical methods as a basis for modeling and optimization have become an important tool in making valid and comparable conclusions. Therefore, this paper gives an overview of investigating Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coatings deposited by thermal spraying by the use of designed experiments and statistical methods. The investigation includes the period of the last two decades and covers the treatments of flame spraying, high-velocity oxy/air fuel spraying, plasma spraying, plasma-transferred arc welding, and laser cladding. The main aim was to separate input variables, as well as measured responses, and to point out the importance of correct application of statistical design of experiment. After the review of the papers, it was concluded that investigators have used the process knowledge to analyze and interpret the results of the statistical analysis of experimental data, which is in fact the best way of using the design of experiment in every research. Nevertheless, more attention should be given to correct planning and conducting the experiments to derive the models suitable for the prediction of measured response and which could be an appropriate input for single- or multi-objective optimization.


A vision of the strategic future of Donbass as a region of high technological culture, which should develop on the basis of a neo-industrial model of modernization based on the introduction of the latest achievements of science and technology, is proposed. The necessity of developing a strategic course for the development of the ideology of industrial development of the Donetsk region under the influence of external and internal challenges and threats has been substantiatedThis is necessary for the restoration and development of the industrial complex of Ukraine, for the development of the intellectual, scientific, production and personnel potential of the region, to achieve high quality production standards. The directions and mechanisms for the implementation of this idea, due to the use of the capabilities of the platform economy, information and communication and digital technologies, are proposed, which significantly increase the number of potential participants in the implementation of the Strategy, attract additional resources, ensure competition, transparency, efficiency of their interaction and mutually beneficial cooperation. The authors revealed the basic conditions, the existing institutional opportunities for the implementation of the Strategy for the reunification, revival and development of Donetsk and Lugansk regions of Ukraine. The institutional conditions for the "reset" of the Donbass economy are revealed. Proposals to the Action Plan to overcome obstacles and intensify actions for the revival of Donbass in the political, social and information spheres, in issues of reintegration and the establishment of peace have been substantiated. Attention is focused on the need to develop the current National Platform "Dialogue for Peace and Safe Reintegration", on the implementation of all-Ukrainian projects of cultural interregional integration; projects for the reintegration of children from the occupied Donbass and Crimea. The key position of the authors Donbass is a region that is able to retain its role as the industrial center of Ukraine and develop on the basis of neo-industrial models by introducing the latest technologies in Industry 4.0. Donbass is a territory of powerful innovation and investment growth, which is capable to ensure high competitiveness of the economy of the region and Ukraine as a whole. This requires the implementation of the strategic course of Ukraine aimed to build the country's industrial complex as a whole, and to develop the competitiveness of the national economy and industrial regions.


Quantales were introduced by C.J Mulvey (2) to provide a non-commutative extension of the concept of locale (1). Certain authors (4) restrict the term quantale to mean those multiplicative lattices for which each element is right sided (a  & a = a). In this paper by a quantale we mean a complete multiplicative lattice with 1 =T. The paper deals with Localic reflections of quantales. A condition for neat elements of a coherent quantale to form a locale has been studied.


INTRODUCTION
The understanding of cancer has evolved into a complex disease, which has heterogeneous characteristics between different patients, and more than that, a broad range of genetically distinct cells in the same tumor. Chronic and non-transmissible diseases such as cancer have become even more important worldwide and advances in their characterization and properties are running out. In a suitable setting, early diagnosis of cancer and proper treatment are essential to overcome the barriers of tumor healing and quality assurance of the patient's life. The studies included in the analysis were independently retrieved by the authors. The text words included "Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer," "NSCLC," "biomarkers in NSCLC" and "gene in NSCLC"." We were used to perform a systematic literature search in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. There was limit on the start date for published articles (2001), and the search ended in December 2017. For a more comprehensive analysis, articles were only in English.

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Microenvironment
This review focuses on lung cancer, especially NSCLC, one of the most worldwide common cancer types, showing the importance of tumor microenvironment in this disease.

NSCLC Biomarkers
This review shows a molecular aspect of NSCLC biomarkers used in clinical approaches, such as EGFR, KRAS, MET, indicating mutations that are crucial for cancer progression and related to treatment properties. We also describe 11 drugs commonly used in cancer treatment that are correlated with the patient genetic profile.

CONCLUSION
This review highlights the importance of molecular diagnosis of mutations in lung cancer, driving to individualized therapy with the intent of getting a better response to treatment and improving patients' quality of life.


Saudi Arabia - US relationship has long been known as a strategic alliance, despite the differences between a monarchy and a constitutional republic. So far, Saudi Arabia has been one of the closest allies, the strongest economic partner and an important strategic partner of the US in the Middle East. Even so, the relationship between Saudi Arabia and US has also experienced such ups and downs as the 1973 oil embargo, the terrorist event in the US on 11st September or the political and social crisis in the North Africa - Middle East region that took place in late 2010 and early 2011 (also known as the "Arab Spring"), the assassination of journalist Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi Embassy in Turkey and the attack on the oil field in Saudi Arabia on 14th September, 2019, enormous impacts on the Middle East - North Africa and the world situation. The article briefly summarizes some prominent issues in the Saudi-US relationship between 2011 and 2020. Besides, the article also analyzes the factors that are likely to affect the Saudi-US relationship and some forecasts for the development direction of this relationship in the coming time. The article uses the international relations research methods, analytical methods to synthesize and evaluate, case study method, system-structured method, forecast and evaluation method to objectively evaluate this relationship.


Oxygen tensions were calculated under two different oxygen-permeable, flexible contact lenses (daily wear and extended wear) both with and without consideration of tear layers (but without tear exchange). Tear layers do not have significant effects on precorneal oxygen tension.


This research deals with an analytical reading in the very short story collection (Do not sing to butterflies) by the Jordanian writer Rami Abdullah Al-Junaidi, who is one of the pioneers of the very short story in Jordan, has his own culture and creative language, in writing this type of story, and the art of the short story This group has become a special and important place in the Jordanian literary and monetary arena, due to its artistic and aesthetic features such as condensation, paradox, surprise, and revelation. Technical characteristics: (addressing, paradox). The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method to suit the nature of the research, in addition to using other methods as required by the context.


Fat feeding results in a progressive loss of epineph-rine- and glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in adipocyte plasma membrane sacs (ghosts). Basal and NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in fat-fed animals are not significantly different from those in preparations obtained from chow-fed rats. The high fat diet increases the mean adipocyte diameter rapidly, but increased cell size, at least in the case of epinephrine stimulation, is not responsible for the decreased hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Diet shifts to high carbohydrate or high protein regimens result in the restoration of the epinephrine-stimulated, but not the glucagon-stimulated, activity without a significant reduction in mean cell diameter. Both hormone-resistant adipocyte ghosts from fat-fed animals and ghosts obtained from hormone-sensitive adipocytes bind the same amount of [(3)H]epinephrine per milligram of membrane protein. These data indicate that the fat diet inhibits epinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity at a point between the hormone receptor and the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase.


We show that an arbitrary infinite graph can be compactified by its א0-tangles in much the same way as the ends of a locally finite graph compactify it in its Freudenthal compactification. In general, the ends then appear as a subset of its א0-tangles. The א0-tangles of a graph are shown to form an inverse limit of the ultrafilters on the sets of components obtained by deleting a finite set of vertices. The א0-tangles that are ends are precisely the limits of principal ultrafilters. The א0-tangles that correspond to a highly connected part, or א0-block, of the graph are shown to be precisely those that are closed in the topological space of its finite-order separations.


In the framework of the modernization of the city of Constantine and in order to restore its status as a regional metropolis introducing it into the network of cities international metropolises, has major urban project was launched: project of modernization and of metropolitanization of the city of Constantine. Our research project focuses on the management of the project for the modernization of the city of Constantine (PMMC) focusing on the management of some aspects of the urban project whose participation, with the objective assessment of the managerial approach business. In this contribution, we focus on two cases revealing taken into account in our research work on the question of participation of actors and their organizations. It is "the urban project of modernization of Constantine" and the operation relating to "the urban improvement in the city of the Brothers FERRAD in the district of Zouaghi". This project and this operation with the objective of improving the living conditions of citizens have faced several challenges and obstacles that have been in major part the factors of its failures. Through this study, we examined the management process and the mode of organization of the actors of the project as well as the level of participation of the citizen to finally proposed managerial solutions toconflict situations observed. Keywords—The urban project, urban improvement, participation, Constantine.


In this paper, we study an automatic hypothesis generation (HG) problem, which refers to the discovery of meaningful implicit connections between scientific terms, including but not limited to diseases, chemicals, drugs, and genes extracted from databases of biomedical publications. Most prior studies of this problem focused on the use of static information of terms and largely ignored the temporal dynamics of scientific term relations. Even when the dynamics were considered in a few recent studies, they learned the representations for the scientific terms, rather than focusing on the term-pair relations. Since the HG problem is to predict term-pair connections, it is not enough to know with whom the terms are connected, it is more important to know how the connections have been formed (in a dynamic process). We formulate this HG problem as a future connectivity prediction in a dynamic attributed graph. The key is to capture the temporal evolution of node-pair (term-pair) relations. We propose an inductive edge (node-pair) embedding method named T-PAIR, utilizing both the graphical structure and node attribute to encode the temporal node-pair relationship. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model on three real-world datasets, which are three graphs constructed from Pubmed papers published until 2019 in Neurology, Immunotherapy, and Virology, respectively. Evaluations were conducted on predicting future term-pair relations between millions of seen terms (in the transductive setting), as well as on the relations involving unseen terms (in the inductive setting). Experiment results and case study analyses show the effectiveness of the proposed model.


This research was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of herbicide mixtures in the control of two dayflower species, Commelina diffusa and Commelina benghalensis. These species were grown from stem segments in 12 L pots during 120 days. Subsequently, a randomized complete block design with four replicates was performed for each species. The treatments were carfentrazone-ethyl combined to either glyphosate or glyphosate-potassium salt (30 + 720 g ha -1 ); glyphosate (720 g ha -1 ) combined to flumioxazin (60 g ha -1 ), or 2.4-D (670 g ha -1 ) or metsulfuron methyl (4 g ha -1 ); oxyfluorfen combined to sulfentrazone (480 + 375 g ha -1 ); sequential 21 day-spaced applications of (paraquat + diuron) / (carfentrazone-ethyl + glyphosate) (200+400) /(30+720) and (paraquat + diuron) / (paraquat + diuron) (200+400) / (200+400); and no herbicide application as check control. The percentage of weed control and shoot fresh weight were evaluated. The best treatments to control both species were the sequential applications of (paraquat + diuron) / (carfentrazone-ethyl + glyphosate) and of (paraquat + diuron) / (paraquat + diuron), followed by 2.4-D + glyphosate and carfentrazone-ethyl + glyphosate or glyphosate-potassium salt mixtures.


Extreme scale systems available before the end of this decade are expected to have 100 million to 1 billion CPU cores. The probability that a failure occurs during an application execution is expected to be much higher than today's systems. Counteracting this higher failure rate may require a combination of disk-based checkpointing, diskless checkpointing, and algorithmic fault tolerance. Diskless checkpointing is an efficient technique to tolerate a small number of process failures in large parallel and distributed systems. In the literature, a simultaneous failure of no more than N processes is often tolerated by using a one-level Reed-Solomon checkpointing scheme for N simultaneous process failures, whose overhead often increases quickly as N increases. We introduce an N-level diskless checkpointing scheme that reduces the overhead for tolerating a simultaneous failure of up to N processes. Each level is a diskless checkpointing scheme for a simultaneous failure of i processes, where i = 1, 2,..., N. Simulation results indicate the proposed N-level diskless checkpointing scheme achieves lower fault tolerance overhead than the one-level Reed-Solomon checkpointing scheme for N simultaneous processor failures.


Brucellosis has a two-fold importance in public health: the transmission of the disease to man by contact with animals or ingestion of raw milk is of direct importance; of indirect importance is the loss of animal protein. The authors have carried out ten epidemiological investigations in different bio-climatic zones of West Africa. More than 120 villages were evaluated. In each village, 100 persons were chosen at random and all or part of the animal population was also studied. Three tests were used for man: the melitin intradermal reaction, the sero-agglutination test of Wright and the complement fixation test. Three tests were used for the animals, the "ring-test" and the same serologic tests used for humans. The results indicated that brucellosis in animals exists in all regions but with varying rates. The bovine species seems to be the most contaminated. The enzooty becomes more widespread towards the South. Human brucellosis was not found to be of great importance in the regions mainly populated by farmers. Shepherds and their families in these zones, however, were found to have been infected. The highest percentage of infected humans was found in the sahelian zone (in Dori 30% of the intradermal reactions and 10% of serologies were positive for humans) in spite of a rather low infection rate among animals (6%-8% ring-tests positive among cattle). The majority of the population are shepherds and close cohabitation with animals is common. A basic dietary constituent is milk, which is often consumed raw (variable according to ethnic group), and provides the principal source of animal protein. Adults were found to have a significantly higher intradermal reaction rate in most of the regions studied. The positivity rate was higher in men than in women. In non-pastoral areas the shepherds and their families had a singificantly higher positivity rate than the general population. Ethnic differences were found. Also considered in this paper are intradermal reaction sizes, the relation between intradermal and serologic results, the modes of human transmission of the disease, and the relationship between human and animal forms of brucellosis.


This paper studies constructions for quadriphase sequences that are suitable for use as signature sequences in quadriphase spread-spectrum multiple-access communications. Quadriphase sequences are closely related to biphase (i.e., binary) sequences, and many of the properties of the former can be expressed in terms of properties of the latter. Methods of construction are presented which obtain sets of quadriphase sequences from sets of biphase sequences. Methods of construction of quadriphase sequences are provided based upon the properties of the multiplicative characters of the finite field GF (q) where q \equiv 1 \mod 4 . These methods use codewords from low-rate Reed-Solomon codes, which are mapped onto the fourth roots of unity. 2q + 2 sequences of period q - 1 are constructed, for which the maximum magnitudes of the periodic cross correlation and the periodic out-of-phase autocorrelation are bounded by 3 \sqrt{q} + 5 .


A lot of energy is wasted when machines turn hot, unnecessarily heating up their environment. Some of this thermal energy could be harvested using thermoelectric materials; they create electric current when they are used to bridge hot and cold objects. At the Vienna University of Technology (TU Vienna), a new and considerably more efficient class of thermoelectric materials can now be produced. It is the material's very special crystal structure that does the trick, in connection with an astonishing new physical effect; in countless tiny cages within the crystal, cerium atoms are enclosed. These trapped magnetic atoms are constantly rattling the bars of their cage, and this rattling seems to be responsible for the material's exceptionally favourable properties. Cerium Cages from the Mirror Oven


OBJECTIVE: The transfer of abacavir, a new nucleoside inhibitor, and amprenavir, a new protease inhibitor, used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, has been studied in the ex vivo human placental model. METHODS: The ex vivo human placental model used C14 antipyrine to determine the transport fraction and clearance index of these compounds at both the peak and trough serum concentrations. The clearance index accumulation and tissue concentrations were determined for each drug by high pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The clearance index of abacavir was 0.47 +/- 0.19 and 0.50 +/- 0.07 at peak and trough concentrations, respectively. The clearance index of amprenavir was 0.38 +/- 0.09 and 0.14 +/- 0.08 at peak and trough concentrations, respectively. There was no unusual accumulation of either drug in the media or tissue when the perfusion system was closed. CONCLUSION: Abacavir is the first nucleoside compound studied in the perfusion system with a high clearance index. The transfer of the protease inhibitor amprenavir had a clearance index 2.75 times greater than the clearance index of ritonavir at peak concentration determined in a previous study. At trough concentration the clearance index was much less than at the peak concentration. A similar result was found with ritonavir.


Plastic surgery deals with the restoration of parts of the body destroyed or deformed as the result of congenital defect, trauma, surgical excision or disease. It should have for its main object the restoration of function. It should also be the aim of the surgeon to secure a good cosmetic result. In all cases the principle of restoration of tissue in kind-bone for bone and skin for skinis of paramount importance. It is the purpose of this paper to describe simple procedures used by plastic surgeons and within the scope of all general surgeons. Plastic surgeons have developed a technique which can rightly be called atraumatic. It is quite impossible not to inflict damage to tissues if unsuitable instruments are used. Many general surgical instruments such as haemostats, tissue forceps, retractors, needles and suture material are much too heavy and deny any feeling or touch to the surgeon. The greatest care possible should be taken when it is necessary to handle tissues. Maingot has taught for years that further advances in abdominal surgery will come from the free adaption of plastic technique to abdominal operations.


Currently, the gun collection of the Banat Museum in Timişoara holds 16 items that can be classified as hunting rifles, all of them being inventoried in the registers of the History Department.Chronologically speaking, the hunting rifles held by the museum's collection can be dated between the 18thcentury and the late 19th century. e most ancient piece is a flintlock rifle dating from the second half of the 18thcentury, followed by six percussion guns built during the first half of the 19th century. e museum's collection holds a Berenger system hunting rifle, a Flobert type weapon and a Tabatiére system gun – exhibits that can be dated from the second half of the 19th century. A Hammerless double-barreled shotgun comes from the second half of the 19th century. Also, the collection contains three sporting rifles dated from the first half of the 19th century and two compressed air guns, one coming from the beginning of the 19th century and the other one dating from the mid – 19th century. Concerning the manufacturing workshop of these hunting rifles held by the museum's collection from Timişoara, it should be noted that only some of these pieces display various inscriptions or badges of the armourers. More accurately, nine of the guns exhibit the names of the armourers and the manufacturing site inscribed on the barrels or the mechanism. e name of the Viennese armourer Johann Fruwirth is displayed on two of the guns. Both weapons are inscribed with the manufacturing site, the city of Vienna. e mechanism of the most beautiful gun of the collection is inscribed with the name of the Vienese armourer Johann Baptist Strixner. One of the sporting rifles was manufactured by Johann Peter from Weiskirchen. A double-barreled percussion gun comes from St. Etienne. One of the two compressed air guns, held by the collection, was manufactured by G. Leute, an armourer from Munich. Another weapon from the collection bears an inscription with the name of Johann Peterlongo, the founder of the "Tiroler Waffenfabrik" factory from Innsbruck. e Tabatiére gun – the commercial version – was manufactured in Liege, Belgium. e last detected workshop belongs to G. Teschner from Frankfurt, which produced the Hammerless gun. In conclusion, we may assert that the vast majority of the hunting rifles identified in the collection of the Banat Museum were manufactured in the Central European workshops. As to the ornaments and embellishments displayed by the collection from Timișoara, it should be mentioned the fact that the most beautiful exhibits are the guns dating from the first half of the 19th century. Two of them, manufactured by the Vienese armourers Johann Fruwirth and J.B. Strixner, bear highly rich embellishment displayed on the barrels and mechanism as well as on the wooden part of the weapon. Both exhibits are engraved with floral and vegetal motifs, carved with stylized vegetal and zoomorphic motifs, inlaid with multiple pearl and brass elements. e other guns from the collection are less decorated, most of them bearing engravings, grooves and inlays. As regards the history of the hunting rifles up until now we know the origin of only six of the 16 items submitted in the present article. ree of the six weapons mentioned above became part of the collection during the pre-war period, one of the guns was donated during the first half of the 20th century, while the last two were also donated during the 7th and the 8th decades of the last century. As a conclusion, we acknowledge the fact that the present hunting rifle collection represents a very interesting set, due to the diversity of the existing models but also to some of the exhibits' rarity, among the Romanian borders, as the example of the Girardoni compressed air gun.


OBJECTIVES
The present study describes our experience with granulomatous prostatitis, an uncommon disease entity, with special reference to the etiological factors and the clinical and pathological features.

METHODS
15 cases of granulomatous prostatitis seen at our department over a 2-year period were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS
The most frequent etiological factor was surgery (TUR) or prostatic needle biopsy (53%). Prostate cancer was suspected in 8 patients based on the findings of DRE.

CONCLUSIONS
The diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis is based on the histological findings. Despite its low incidence, it is currently diagnosed more frequently due to the increase in TURP and prostatic biopsy procedures and the widespread use of intravesical BCG therapy for some superficial bladder tumors.


Continental philosophers and their followers seem to be, for the most part, untroubled by the machinations, lies, political accommodations, inactions, and ethical breaches by major figures in that tradition. This does not lead to recognition of irony by the scholars who then recommend these major figures as guides for ethics. Catherine Zuckert goes so far as to that "philosophical dialogue and textual hermeneutics are essentially ethical" (GR, 234). Cavell has chosen to declare an ethics as well. The theme of "moral perfectionism" that one can find in many of Cavell's books, particularly the works dealing with the repositioning of Thoreau and Emerson, is part of an ongoing project to locate something "American" in concerns about "moral perfectionism" and the everyday. We even have a book about what "Christians might learn from [Cavell]." Stanley Bates can serve as a representative of a chorus of writers who not only embrace Cavell as someone presenting an ethical viewpoint, but who also have become proponents of that viewpoint. Bates has no hesitation in claiming on Cavell's behalf a connection between ethics and politics: "Cavell is interested in the dimension of moral life that must be lived by an individual within a political setting, a life that a 'good enough' state of political justice makes possible, but that is not, and cannot be, determined by rules" (SCE, 42-43). Bates ends his essay by telling us that in at least one important way, Cavell is like Nietzsche, and it seems as if Bates intends that to be a positive comparison. Bates seems free of any knowledge of Nietzsche's posthumous "political setting" in the National Socialist period.


Moore's Open Question Argument has been heavily debated ever since it was presented over 100 years ago. In the current paper, it is argued that for the realist, and contrary to the received view by many theorists in the debate, the argument in fact lends strong support for non-naturalism. In particular, David Brink's naturalist defense utilizing direct reference theory is scrutinized. It is argued that an application of direct reference to moral kinds, rather than defusing the Open Question Argument, actually underscores the non-naturalist conclusion. The naturalist argument depends heavily on the analogue between natural kinds and moral kinds. It is argued that the Open Question Argument provides prima facie evidence against the idea that moral kinds are natural kinds, and that the naturalist arguments do not overturn this evidence. Moreover, it is argued that similar reasons to those which render direct reference unviable for moral terms also meet two further potential objections against the Open Question Argument, and it is concluded that the argument carries considerable force against the moral naturalist.


Drug designing is the approach of finding drugs by design, based on their biological targets. Typically a drug target is a key molecule involved in a particular metabolic or signaling pathway that is specific to a disease condition or pathology, or to the infectivity or survival of a microbial pathogen. The structure of the drug molecule that can specifically interact with the biomolecules can be modeled using computational tools. These tools can allow a drug molecule to be constructed within the biomolecule using knowledge of its structure and the nature of its active site. Construction of the drug molecule can be made inside out or outside in depending on whether the core or the R-groups are chosen first. However many of these approaches are plagued by the practical problems of synthesis. One of the computational tools used in drug designing is "chemsketch", which works with 65% accuracy. The drug structure was downloaded from the drug database and the structure is modified by introducing alcohol, methyl, sodium hydroxide etc. onto the functional groups of the drug. The new drugs obtained undergo various molecular modeling and dynamics to reduce their energy levels. Docking is performed using geometrically optimized molecules as ligands and protein DNA topoisomerase I as protein, converting their chemsketch forms into PDB format using SPDB viewer. HEX software is used for this purpose.


Increasing environmental salinisation is rapidly becoming one of the greatest causes of freshwater habitat degradation. Elevated salinity levels are a substantial threat to freshwater biodiversity, but the effects of increasing salinity on anuran populations remain poorly understood. Global anuran populations are in decline, and therefore studies that specifically examine anuran responses to environmental stressors are vital for effective conservation management of an already at-risk animal group. This PhD project has been designed to expand our understanding of the effects of increasing environmental salinity on anuran populations by investigating the salinity tolerances of native Australian anurans, as well as exploring the non-lethal effects of salinity on anuran development, physiology, ecology and behaviour. I examined the effects of elevated salinity on larval growth, metamorphosis and survival in three Australian frog species. The results indicated that salinity tolerances are species-specific, with two of the species studied (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis and Neobatrachus sudelli) showing lower survival in high, but ecologically relevant salinities (5.6ppt NaCl equivalent). A higher survival in high salinity treatments compared to freshwater treatments indicated the potential for saline specialisation in one species, Litoria aurea. Differences in larval duration in L. tasmaniensis and L. aurea between salinity treatments indicated that the magnitude of salinity stress can alter the developmental responses of tadpoles. I surveyed the effects of environmental salinisation on anuran distributions and species richness in south-east Australia. Salinity concentration was a significant predictor of anuran diversity and species distributions at study sites. No anuran species were discovered at sites with salinity levels above 13.9ppt, and embryos and tadpoles were absent from sites with salinities above 5ppt, suggesting that current salinity levels are negatively influencing anuran population structure throughout the region surveyed. When examining how developmental plasticity differed in response to salinity between populations of Litoria ewingii, I confirmed that salinity exposure can affect post-metamorphic morphology, and determined that tadpoles sourced from ecologically distinct populations differed in their developmental responses to environmental stress. Tadpoles sourced from a constantly brackish wetland exhibited no differences in metamorphic timing or morphology between salinity treatments, potentially indicating that tadpoles from this population are no longer able to maximise fitness in freshwater environments. I explored how the magnitude, timing and frequency of temporary salinity fluctuations affected survival, growth and maturation in L. ewingii tadpoles. I confirmed that late-stage tadpoles show higher survival rates in elevated salinity compared to tadpoles exposed to salinity at a younger age, and discovered that higher magnitude salinities suppressed the potential for compensatory growth in L. ewingii. I found that L. ewingii tadpoles exposed to elevated salinity early in development did not significantly differ in their developmental responses to subsequent salinity stress compared to tadpoles that had not been pre-exposed to salinity. Finally I examined the potential short and long-term consequences of developmental saline stress on two species of Australian anuran (L. ewingii and Limnodynastes peronii) by examining changes in tadpole respiration, escape response behaviour (pre- and post-metamorphosis) and foraging ability post-metamorphosis. Elevated salinity treatment did not alter tadpole respiration rates relative to controls. Non-lethal salinity exposure during development impaired larval escape-response behaviour in both early-stage and late-stage tadpoles. Differences in adult escape response and foraging performance were species-specific. Higher salinity during development reduced L. ewingii escape response behaviour immediately after metamorphosis, but significant differences in locomotor performance between salinity treatments were no longer detectable three weeks post-metamorphosis. In addition, L. ewingii reared in higher salinity were significantly faster to catch pray than freshwater controls. The results from this thesis show that salinity levels in Australia are already impacting on anuran survival, and potentially limiting anuran species richness and distributions. Current levels of environmental salinity are also expected to alter developmental processes, physiology and behaviour in a number of native frog species. Considering that salinity levels are predicted to continue to rise, immediate action will be required to mitigate the deleterious effects of elevated salinity on freshwater ecosystems. I emphasise the need for continued studies that examine anuran responses to environmental stress in order to better combat the decline of anuran populations and maintain ecosystem stability.


ICU (intensive care unit) patients are exposed to nutritional risks such as swallowing problems and delayed gastric emptying. A previous ICU stay may affect nutritional support upon transfer to the ward. The aim was to study the use of enteral (EN), parenteral nutrition (PN), and oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in ward patients with and without a previous ICU stay, also referred to as post- and non-ICU patients. In total, 136,667 adult patients from the nutritionDay audit 2010–2019 were included. A previous ICU stay was defined as an ICU stay during the current hospitalisation before nutritionDay. About 10% of all patients were post-ICU patients. Post-ICU patients were more frequently exposed to risk factors such as a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, weight loss, decreased mobility, fair or poor health status, less eating and a longer hospital length of stay before nDay. Two main results were shown. First, both post- and non-ICU patients were inadequately fed: About two thirds of patients eating less than half a meal did not receive EN, PN, or ONS. Second, post-ICU patients had a 1.3 to 2.0 higher chance to receive EN, PN, or ONS compared to non-ICU patients in multivariable models, accounting for sex, age, BMI, weight change, mobility, health status, amount eaten on nutritionDay, hospital length of stay, and surgical status. Based on these results, two future goals are suggested to improve nutritional support on the ward: first, insufficient eating should trigger nutritional therapy in both post- and non-ICU patients; second, medical caregivers should not neglect nutritional support in non-ICU patients.


In this paper, the problem of vibrations of thin-walled beams is investigated. The fundamental assumption is the same as that in a preceding paper~[1],i.e. the non-deformability of contour lines of transverse cross-sections in it's own plane. Equations of vibrations show that the vibrations of thin-walled beams generally take place as a combination of bending-torsional and longitudinal vibrations. Corresponding to a certain type of bending-torsional vibrations, instead of only one frequency as in the well-known Vlasof's (B. э. Bдасов) theory, there are an infinite number of frequencies, corresponding to different types of longitudinal vibrations. The natural frequencies as calculated by Vlasof's theory correspond to the lowest frequencies in our theory, but the former are generally higher than the latter as should be expected.


As a numerical calculation method, finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), which is used to analyze the electromagnetic problems, can cause some inevitable errors. This paper mainly analyzes the effects of FDTD using different grid length to dispose of the electromagnetic problems. Then, we briefly illustrate the numerical stability condition of FDTD and the relationship between the space-step and the time-step. According to the experience, it can be presented that the proof of making sure the grid length in FDTD calculating is the grid length must satisfy this relation: Delta<lambda/10. Meanwhile, the value of the time-step Deltat should be taken into account to ensure the stability of FDTD.


We introduce a new approach to system performance analysis. Based on the use of a system monitoring database, SPADE (System Performance Analysis Database Engine) overcomes many of the shortcomings of traditional performance analysis tools. SPADE collects monitoring data from all levels of the system, including the application, and stores it in a central repository backed by a relational DBMS; the granularity of the system instrumentation is automatically matched to the application''s notion of a request, allowing the database to correlate all monitoring data with semantically-meaningful application requests. We demonstrate that the SQL-based query facility of the database enables unprecedented levels of flexibility, power, and ease-of-use in analyzing the data: a user of our system can write simple queries to examine the collected monitoring data at multiple levels of detail, to locate system bottlenecks and unusual behavior, and to easily test hypotheses about the system''s performance, all without having to write ad-hoc tools or perform multiple experiment runs.


In his contribution to this volume of Nomos, Jeremy Waldron develops a conception of the rule of law that emphasizes the centrality of procedural guarantees in the courtroom, such as rights to an attorney, to an impartial judge, and to a fair trial. Procedural guarantees should be respected, writes Waldron, because they protect the dignity of individuals as "active intelligences." In my contribution to the same Nomos volume, I draw on Waldron's powerful case for the importance of procedures to develop an argument for a more substantive understanding of the rule of law. Specifically, I emphasize two ways that Waldron's argument might be expanded. I argue first that Waldron's appeal to dignity as the moral basis of procedures commits him to an account of substantive guarantees. These guarantees may limit, at times, the procedural dimensions of both law and democratic decision-making. Second, I expand on Waldron's notion of dignity - itself a substantive value - as respect for "active intelligence." In particular, I argue that those subject to law are entitled to non-arbitrary treatment. When dignity is theorized in this way, we can better understand the relationship between the substantive values at the heart of the rule of law and their substantive implications. This expanded conception of dignity more clearly distinguishes between the concept of the rule of law and the ideal of democratic self-rule. I also specify ways in which our approaches to theorizing the rule of law parallel our competing theories of democracy.


India and China are without doubt two superpowers in becoming, as they jointly own 40% of the world's population and about 20% from the global economy. Their accelerated growth paces (8 – 9 % in the last decade) put to hard trials the scenarios of world's development for a larger time horizon, which, in general, approach them independently. But, since the economic development of states in the globalization era relies decisively on the evolution of political interests games at planetary scale, the hypothesis of a strategic Indian-Chinese alliance determines another configuration of the future map of world's economy than the one perceived as predictable in the present. For better evaluation of such a possibility, we present in the following some recent economic earmarks of India's, respectively China's development, as well as, in conclusion some considerations with respect to the current fields of joint strategic interest of the two states, and their possible alliance.


Active learning is able to reduce the amount of labelling effort by using a machine learning model to query the user for specific inputs.
While there are many papers on new active learning techniques, these techniques rarely satisfy the constraints of a real-world project. In this paper, we analyse the main drawbacks of current active learning techniques and we present approaches to alleviate them. We do a systematic study on the effects of the most common issues of real-world datasets on the deep active learning process: model convergence, annotation error, and dataset imbalance. We derive two techniques that can speed up the active learning loop such as partial uncertainty sampling and larger query size. Finally, we present our open-source Bayesian active learning library, BaaL.


In the paper we study the subject of stability of systems with $h$-differences of Caputo-, Riemann-Liouville- and Grunwald-Letnikov-type with $n$ fractional orders. The equivalent descriptions of fractional $h$-difference systems are presented. The sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability are given. Moreover, the Lyapunov direct method is used to analyze the stability of the considered systems with $n$-orders.


The paper studies the commutative and causality relationship between economic openness and indigenous factors. The construction of the Openness Index and the Indigenous Index provides a measure on the extent of openness and indigenous development among world economies. The two indices are used to study their commutative effect and causality. The empirical findings show that there is a positive and significant static effect of openness on indigenous factors and vice versa; however the latter is larger. There are bi-directional dynamic causality relationships between openness and indigenous factors. Indigenous factors help to forecast openness factors and vice versa.


The purpose of this study was to determine the polymorphisms of UGT1A9 and CYP2B6 the effects of these polymorphisms on propofol consumptions and hemodynamic datas and recovery times.This study included 100 pediatric patients (Group I–II; 2–8 years of age), 100 young-median age adults (Group III–IV; 18–60years of age), and 100 elderly patients (Group V–VI; 60years of age and older). Hemodynamic situations, propofol consumption and recovery timesof the patients were recorded. The genotypes UGT1A9 (rs72551330, rs17868320, and rs6714486) and CYP2B6 (rs3745274, rs2279343) were determined by real-time PCR.A remarkable decrease (p=0.043) in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) was observed following induction in the female children with the polymorphism UGT1A9 (rs72551330). The HR dropped significantly (p=0.044) following induction in the male pediatric group with the polymorphism CYP2B6 (rs3745274). A significant decrease (p=0.004) in BP was observed only in elderly women with the CYP2B6 (rs2279343) polymorphism. Propofol consumption was significantly low in female children. Recovery periods were the same in all groups. Hemodynamic changes were mostly observed in pediatric patients. Propofol consumption was significantly low in female children. Recovery times were similar.