We investigate the raft-related turtle structures of the post-salt, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Albian Madiela formation, located offshore south Gabon. Recent 3D broadband RTM seismic data shows the Madiela structures comprised of a Lower Madiela pre-rafting section, with overlying Mid-Upper Madiela and Cenomanian Cap Lopez formation syn-rafting growth stratigraphy. The lower Madiela section directly overlies the salt-related detachment and is isopachous, with footwall and folded hangingwall cut-offs observed at the edges of the raft blocks. Depo-centers predominantly stacked vertically to create symmetric structures as rafting continued during Mid-Upper Madiela deposition, although a few asymmetric structures are observed. The structures have an elongate map pattern that varies in orientation across the study area. Seismic facies vary across individual structures from high amplitude crests to low amplitude flanks. Inversion and turtle structure development caused crestal faulting, especially within the Cap Lopez section. Welding of the salt beneath the turtle structures is more extensive up-slope than down-slope in the study area. Map and section-view structural restorations indicate the maximum down-dip translation of the Lower Madiela rafts from a proximal setting varies from 25 km in the up-dip portion of the study area to 50 km down-dip. Structural restoration, adjacent well control, seismic facies transitions, and seismic attribute observations indicate inner neritic water depths during Albian deposition, deepening to outer neritic in the Cenomanian. Rafting initiated in the early Albian due to the effects of thermal subsidence and ongoing seafloor spreading on the margin. The variance in curvature of the raft trends near the Congo border mimics, and may be partially inherited from, the trend of the up-dip breakaway fault zone. The raft structures reach their present day positions in the study area during the Turonian. Inversion of the turtle flanks and basal welding initiated in the Turonian, with down building of the inter-raft salt diapirs continuing to the Paleogene-to-present across the area. Local submarine erosion of the Cap Lopez formation is due to local inter-raft salt diapir inflation associated with steepening of the margin during the late Cretaceous. The structures of southern Gabon vary from similar Albian structures in northern Gabon and Congo in burial history, thickness, and proximity to siliciclastic depo-centers.


The use of biomarkers, such as type B natriuretic peptide (BNP, NT pro-BNP) to finely tune the treatment during the follow-up of patients with chronic heart failure is under investigation. The few existing studies published up to now suggest that this approach leads to fewer hospital readmissions and a lower mortality due to heart failure, except in patients over 75 years of age. The positive effects of the use of biomarkers seem to be due to a greater use of target doses of the medications recommended in heart failure (angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin receptor blockers, or beta-blockers) and to a better adhesion to guidelines. Thus, it may prove more efficient to develop efforts to increase physicians' adhesion to guidelines than to rely on the dosage of a biomarker.


Khaled is one of scholars who is really anxious to the Islamic law. He against the fatwas produced by some institutions or certain scholars, especially, a fatwa regarding fiqh as the final solutions of ummah. Eventually, these instructions are considered to be authoritarian or discrimination for the weak class. The methodological errors in understanding the Islamic resources are the causes of the emergence of authoritarianism phenomenon. Khaled offers the hermeneutic methode to solve these problems. Methodology of Khaled's hermeneutic consists of three elements; determination of meaning, text competence, and the concept of representation in Islam. Using the hermeneutic approach, Islamic law produced, is expected to be authoritative, innovative, and dynamic.


Cheese was produced from soy milk, cow milk and coconut milk using lime, lemon and rennet as coagulants. The effect of these coagulants on proximate composition, coagulation time, percentage yield, peroxide value, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBA-RS), microbiological and sensory qualities of the formulated cheese was evaluated using standard methods. Nine samples were designed for this study. The moisture content of rennet coagulated cheese was significantly higher than lime and lemon coagulated cheese, while the protein content of lime coagulated cheese was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of lemon and rennet coagulated cheese. The crude fat and total ash contents of cheese made from cow milk were superior to those Original Research Article Ayodeji et al.; EJNFS, 12(7): 1-12, 2020; Article no.EJNFS.58175 2 made from soy milk and coconut milk. The fibre content of lime coagulated cheese was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than lemon and rennet coagulated cheese. The coagulation time and percentage yield of the cheese samples did not follow a definite trend and ranged between 19-147 sec and 12.40-28.70% respectively. Aside samples DSL and HCL, all the other freshly prepared cheese samples fell within the standard value of 10 mEq/kg. However, with an increase in storage time, virtually all the samples became rancid. With an increase in storage time. Similar trend was observed in the TBA-RS of the cheese samples. All the samples were microbiologically safe for human consumption and the cheese samples were organoleptically acceptable, since their sensory scores were above average. The study established that cheese produced from fresh cow milk, soy milk and coconut milk coagulated with lime, lemon and rennet showed to a large extent significant differences in their chemical composition, percentage yield and coagulation time. The peroxide value and TBA-RS determination from this study showed that the cheese could not stay longer than a day on the shelf, unless it is refrigerated.


ABSTRACT: The human microbiome is comprised of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, which exert diverse effects in close proximity to the site of intection as well as in remote tissues through immune-mediated mechanisms. Multiple infectious agents have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) with variable findings depending on the agent, techniques, and disease phenotype. Herein, the contributions of individual infectious agents to MS and their effects on the immune and nervous systems are reviewed, focusing on herpes viruses, coronaviruses, retroviruses, and synchronic infections. While infectious agents are often assumed to be pathogenic, their effects might also be beneficial to the host in the long-term, depending on age and the type of immunogen/pathogen exposure, as proposed by the hygiene hypothesis. The human microbiome has potential impact on future diagnostic and therapeutic issues in MS.


The tunneling field effect transistor (TFET) is fabricated using a 65nm standard CMOS process flow. The short-narrow TFET offers an on-current of 550/spl mu/A//spl mu/m which is comparable to the reference MOSFET device. Due to the integrated substrate/well contact the effective area of the TFET is smaller compared to the corresponding MOSFET. Thus, the size of a system-on-a-chip design is reduced by more than 5%. The quantum-mechanical TFET is able to extend the epoch of the CMOS technology by showing reduced short channel effects and smaller leakage currents. A multi-threshold TFET device is proposed which does not need additional implantation steps. A 0.68/spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6 transistor memory cell is fabricated using TFETs and MOSFETs showing the compatibility of MOSFET and TFET and a decrease of the memory array area of approximately 3%.


ABSTRACT There is a vast amount of information flow in social media about bitcoin, which may affect investors' decisions. This article investigates whether tweets may affect returns or trade volume changes of bitcoin and, more importantly, whether some Twitter accounts are more influential than other Twitter accounts. We conduct two separate analyses based first on all Twitter accounts and then on the most influential 50 Twitter accounts, which have been selected as such by Unitedtraders. We use the number of positive, negative and neutral tweets by Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) in a logistic model to analyse if tweets have any valuable information about the change in both return and trade volume of bitcoin. Our results indicate that tweets can be used to predict bitcoin returns. Notably, the most influential accounts are the drivers of returns, but all Twitter accounts simply introduce some noise in volatility. This result indicates that following only these 50 most influential accounts may provide the information needed for investors.


OBJECTIVE
Coronary artery disease (CAD), a major cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), is often diagnosed late because of silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI). Exercise electrocardiogram testing (ECG) stress is the most utilized screening test for SMI. Its applicability and accuracy, which have never been reported in asymptomatic high-risk T2D patients, have been investigated in this study.

DESIGN
A cross-sectional study with coronary angiography as the gold standard for detecting CAD was used.

METHODS
Two hundred and six consecutive T2D patients, without symptoms and resting ECG signs of ischaemia but with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and/or > or = two atherogenic factors, were studied. Ischaemia at ECG stress was indicated by horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression > or =1 mm at 0.08 s after the J point. CAD was defined by stenosis > or =70%.

RESULTS
Only 141/206 (68%) patients had a diagnostic test: 27 (19%) tested positive and 114 (81%) tested negative. Coronary angiography in 71 patients (the 27 who tested positive and 44 randomly selected patients who tested negative) indicated a CAD prevalence of 29% and the ECG stress accuracy was 79%. 'False negative' patients (18%) had a higher prevalence (P<0.01) of long duration of diabetes and PVD.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study which provides insights into the applicability and accuracy of ECG stress in screening SMI in high-risk patients with T2D. Due to the high prevalence of CAD, alternative screening tests in patients unable to perform the test and in those with a high chance of being 'false negative' should be looked for and validated.


The main objective of the study was attained when it found a moderate positive correlation between organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Majority of the professors have high-level organizational commitment as well as high-level job satisfaction. However, a number are found to have low-level organizational commitment and low-level job satisfaction. A significant difference was determined between the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of the professors as per their college served, salary category, and reaction to other benefits received. The compounding variables as age, gender, educational attainment, civil status, livelihood status, employment status, and length of service to Arellano University are not determinants of the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of the professors.


Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) individuals face disparities in nearly every aspect of health. One factor associated with poor health outcomes in other marginalized populations is health literacy, yet no identified studies examine health literacy in TNB samples. Moreover, most health literacy frameworks focus primarily on the capacities of individual patients to understand and use healthcare information, with little attention given to provider literacy and environmental factors. In partnership with a statewide LGBTQ advocacy organization, we recruited 46 transgender and nonbinary individuals to participate in seven focus groups conducted in urban, suburban, and rural locations throughout Colorado. TNB participants consistently engaged in efforts to increase their own health literacy and that of their medical providers yet faced multiple barriers to improve care. Difficulty identifying and physically reaching care, insurance and out-of-pocket expenses, negative experiences with healthcare providers and staff, provider incompetence, discriminatory and oppressive practices, and exclusionary forms and processes emerged as barriers to enacted health literacy among participants. Conversely, facilitators of enacted healthcare literacy included positive experiences with healthcare providers and staff, and inclusive forms and processes.


—For autonomous robots navigating in urban en- vironments, it is important for the robot to stay on the designated path of travel (i.e., the footpath), and avoid areas such as grass and garden beds, for safety and social conformity considerations. This paper presents an autonomous navigation approach for unknown urban environments that combines the use of semantic segmentation and LiDAR data. The proposed approach uses the segmented image mask to create a 3D obstacle map of the environment, from which, the boundaries of the footpath is computed. Compared to existing methods, our approach does not require a pre-built map and provides a 3D understanding of the safe region of travel, enabling the robot to plan any path through the footpath. Experiments comparing our method with two alternatives using only LiDAR or only semantic segmentation show that overall our proposed approach performs significantly better with greater than 91% success rate outdoors, and greater than 66% indoors. Our method enabled the robot to remain on the safe path of travel at all times, and reduced the number of collisions.


The availability of huge amounts of process data enables data-driven methods to optimize production processes. Predictive Maintenance is one of the common applications to transfer data to useful information for improving the Overall Equipment Effectiveness. In this paper, a data-driven method for condition monitoring of control valves in industrial process plants is developed based on data collected during test runs. These test runs make it possible to define a threshold that differentiates normal from abnormal valve behaviour. Furthermore, the characteristics of the model results allow the identification of different defects. The application of the proposed method to a historic industrial data set validate the applicability in noisy industrial use cases.


Serious games have received much positive attention; correspondingly, many researchers have taken up the challenge of establishing how to best design them. However, the current literature often focuses on best practice design strategies and frameworks. Fine-grained details, contextual descriptions, and organisational factors that are invaluable in helping us to learn from and reflect on project experiences are often overlooked. In this paper, we present five distinct and sometimes competing perspectives that are critical in understanding factors that influence serious game projects: project organisation, technology, domain knowledge, user research, and game design. We explain these perspectives by providing insights from the design and development process of an EU-funded serious game about conflict resolution developed by an interdisciplinary consortium of researchers and industry-based developers. We also point out a set of underlying forces that become evident from viewing the process from different perspectives, to underscore that problems exist in serious game projects and that we should open the conversation about them.


Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) has been used to determine the chemical formulation of thermally grown films on cobalt hardened-gold electroplate (150°C/8000 h). K2S04 (or SO3) ~ 60-A, thickness has been identified overlaying a 50-A-thick CoO layer on cobalt hardened gold. It was found that the dielectric breakdown voltage of this complex film depends on contact force. At Iow contact forces (~10-2N), electronic (as opposed to thermal) dielectric breakdown events are observed at a critical voltage of ~ 3.5 V. I-V characteristics are typically nonohmic. Mechanical film breakdown is evidenced by ohmic I-V characteristics. A statistically important number of mechanical breakthrough events are observed at 0.2-N contact force.


Two significant Supreme Court rulings from the 1990s have opened the door to using Hansard Debates
to divine a parliament's intent in court cases which challenge understandings of laws. Although the
Supreme Court rulings stressed that use of Hansard as a source in legal proceedings should be strictly
limited, subsequent lower courts have not always observed these limits. In this article, the author outlines
these developments and explains how the more liberal use of Hansard in courts can be problematic. He
concludes by cautioning parliamentarians to be mindful of how the words they use during debate may
be used by the courts in the future, and urges the courts to consider how some parliamentarians might
begin using their speeches in parliament to win in court what they could not in a legislature.


Cheongkukjang is a traditional fermented soybean food in Korea that is used in the manufacture of functional foods. This study was conducted to assess vitamin contents and sensory qualities of powdered Cheongkukjang dried by oven drying, far-infrared drying and freeze drying. Vitamins B1, B2, B6, E, niacin and pantothenic acid were detected using all drying methods. However, vitamin D was not detected in the oven drying samples, and was most prevalent(82.47 ㎍/100 g) in the far-infrared drying samples. The sensory characteristics included color, off flavor, salty taste, bitter taste, sweet taste, roasted taste and after-taste. Oven drying and freeze drying samples exhibited highest and lowest color scores(5.62 and 2.0, respectively). Oven drying samples also exhibited the highest roasted taste score(4.76), although not significantly different from far-infrared drying samples(4.0, p<0.05), while the score of freeze drying samples(2.38) was significantly different from the other methods(p<0.05). It is concluded that freeze drying is most suitable.


A theoretical model for the design of three-section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers using the transfer matrix method is presented. The oscillation parameters, the tuning behavior, and the linewidth are derived. The effect of a discontinuity of the waveguide at the active-passive interface is accounted for by using scattering matrix parameters, easily combined with the transfer matrix method. The influence of such an interface is studied and the importance of optical losses at this point is discussed. >


Hip-hop culture emerged in the 1970s in New York's black neighborhoods, particularly in the Bronx. With roots in Kingston, Jamaica, it found a rich space for its development in the block parties where a DJ played samples and entertained the community. Being at first an aesthetic manifestation, it soon became a social and political tool for the new generation who found a different way to express itself through deejaying, emceeing, breakdancing, and graffiti art. These forms of political action laid the groundwork for what became a much wider, deeply conscious, and globally dispersed cultural movement. Portugal's first contact with hip-hop culture dates from the decade of 1980 and it happened through breakdance. It is precisely in the decade of the 1980s that the migratory traffic of people coming from the PALOPs towards Lisbon intensifies. The African immigrants had to undergo a hurried integration that left aside all the cultural differences. Thus, they continued to suffer of a clandestine state of being and to hold on to the hope of going back home. Although at that time hip-hop had little space in the Portuguese media, through radio and television the residents of Lisbon's peripheral areas were able to access the works of the North American rappers. They became aware of their similar conditions and experiences and this lead to the birth of rap. Hip-hop also aims at negotiating between the experiences of marginalization, oppression, and ethnic prejudice, through the constant exercise of meta-language that allows it to translate the feeling of injustice lived by the young afro-descendants and at the margins of society. In this perspective, we intend to observe how the perception and the memory of Africa and of the African diaspora is rebuilt by Valete, a Lisbon-based rapper, son of Santomean parents.


Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is currently approved for the treatment of some hematological malignancies. However, CAR T cells have so far lacked efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors. A major hurdle of CAR T cell therapy is the limited infiltration of CAR T cells into tumor tissue. Chemokine receptors enable immune cells to migrate along a chemokine gradient. Here, we show that overexpression of the C-X-C chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) enhances CAR T cell accumulation in C-X-C motif ligand 16 (CXCL16)-positive xenograft pancreatic cancer models, resulting in increased anti-tumor potency of anti-mesothelin CAR T cells. Materials and Methods Human T cells were retrovirally transduced with an anti-mesothelin CAR and CXCR6. NSG mice were injected subcutaneously with mesothelin-CXCL16-overexpressing tumor cells. Mice were treated once with CAR-, CAR-CXCR6- or mock-transduced T cells when tumors were palpable and tumor size was monitored with a caliper. In a separate tracking experiment, subcutaneous tumors were established as described above and the presence of T cells at the tumor site was determined by FACS analysis within one week after adoptive T cell transfer. For orthotopic xenograft experiments mesothelin-CXCL16-overexpressing tumor cells were directly injected into the pancreas of NSG mice and one-time treatment with CAR-, CAR-CXCR6- or mock T cells was performed 5 days post tumor injection. Results In a subcutaneous xenograft model of pancreatic cancer CXCR6-expressing CAR T cells displayed improved anti-tumoral potency compared to CAR T cells without CXCR6, resulting in prolonged survival of mice and tumor clearance in 9 out of 10 CAR-CXCR6-treated mice. A tracking experiment confirmed the increased accumulation of CAR-CXCR6 T cells compared to CAR T cells at the subcutaneous tumor site, suggesting increased migratory capacity of CAR-CXCR6-transduced T cells towards CXCL16-expressing tumors as the mode of action. Treatment of orthotopic pancreatic cancer xenografts similarly revealed prolonged survival of CAR-CXCR6-treated animals in comparison to CAR-treated animals, suggesting improved anti-tumor efficacy of CAR-CXCR6-transduced T cells. Conclusions Forced expression of CXCR6 in anti-mesothelin CAR T cells increased the accumulation of CAR T cells at the CXCL16-positive tumor site, resulting in improved survival of treated mice and in complete tumor rejection in the majority of cases. This data reveals the potential of CXCR6 to direct CAR T cells to the tumor site and this approach may therefore be an attractive strategy to target a major pitfall in the translation of CAR T cell therapy to solid tumors. Disclosure Information S. Stoiber: None. S. Lesch: None. J. Ogonek: None. B. Cadilha: None. M. Benmebarek: None. A. Gottschlich: None. P. Metzger: None. C. Horth: None. A. Nottebrock: None. S. Endres: None. S. Kobold: None.


Experimental studies on animals under conditions of osteopenia and osteoporosis modeling significantly expand the view of the mechanisms of primary and secondary osteoporosis development, help determining the effect of various factors affecting the bone tissue, evaluate the effect of medications, new biomaterials, etc. Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease; its clinical manifestations depend on a complex interplay of environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors. The review of the literature analyzes the data on the use of animals to assess the features of osteoporosis course when modeling this pathology by surgical and non-surgical methods. The article features the models of osteoporosis which are reproduced on rats and mice being the most accessible objects and the most frequently used by experimenters. The details of modeling the course of such types of osteoporosis as postmenopausal, senile, glucocorticoid-induced, testosterone deficiency (orchiectomy)-induced, immobilization, hypothermia, radiation-induced, etc. are explored. A specific aspect of recent advances in modeling osteoporosis is the creation of transgenic and knockout mice, whose models may be used to detect components of genetic lesions and will certainly contribute to the development of new methods of prevention and therapy of this severe pathology. The similarity and difference of experimental models of osteoporosis describing the pathophysiological changes in humans due to osteoporosis are noted. Emphasis is placed on bioethical norms of working with experimental animals.


While recommender systems can greatly enhance the user experience, the entry barriers in terms of data acquisition are very high, making it hard for new service providers to compete with existing recommendation services. This paper proposes to build open recommender systems which can utilise Linked Data to mitigate the new-user, new-item and sparsity problems of collaborative recommender systems. We describe how to aggregate data about object centred sociality from different sources and how to process it for collaborative recommendation. To demonstrate the validity of our approach, we augment the data from a closed collaborative music recommender system with Linked Data, and significantly improve its precision and recall.


This paper studies the energy efficiency power allocation for cognitive radio networks based on uplink orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing. The power allocation problem is intended to minimize the maximum energy efficiency measured by "Joule per bit" metric, under total power constraint and robust aggregate mutual interference power constraint. However, the above problem is non‐convex. To make it solvable, an equivalent convex optimization problem is derived that can be solved by general fractional programming. Then, a robust energy efficiency power allocation scheme is presented. Simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


Recent developments in the study of health and social networks have focused on linkages between health outcomes and naturally occurring social relations, such as friendship or kinship. Based on findings in this area, a new generation of health behavior intervention programs have been implemented that rely on the formation of new social relations among program participants. However, little is known about the qualities of these de novo social relations. We examined the social networks of 59 participants within a randomized controlled trial of an intervention designed to prevent excessive gestational weight gain. We employed exponential random graph modeling techniques to analyze supportive relationships formed between participants in the intervention arm, to detect unique effects of program participation on the likelihood of forming ties. Program participation had a positive effect on the likelihood of forming supportive social relations, however, in this particular timeframe we did not detect any additional effect of such relations on the health behaviors or outcomes of interest. Our findings raise two critical questions: do short‐term group‐level programs reliably lead to the formation of new social relations among participants; and do these relations have a unique effect on health outcomes relative to standard methods of health behavior intervention?


Introduction Osteosarcopenia is defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteopenia or osteoporosis. Older adults with this syndrome have a greater fragility and mortality risk compared with those without these conditions. Based on separate interventions with individuals with sarcopenia and osteoporosis, exercise has been recommended as a treatment for osteosarcopenia. However, there is no evidence of its efficacy. Our objective is to identify whether physical exercise can improve osteosarcopenia in older adults and lead to good health outcomes. Methods and analysis We will perform a systematic review in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus. The criterion of inclusion will be clinical trials involving physical exercise interventions in older adults diagnosed with osteosarcopenia. To assess the risk of bias, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation and Downs and Black tools will be used. For each search result, the quality of the evidence will ultimately receive one of four grades: high, moderate, low or very low. The outcome of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of physical exercise in improving the parameters that lead to the diagnosis of osteosarcopenia (bone mineral density, quality of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function) in older adults. The possibility of meta-analysis will be assessed according to the homogeneity of the studies, using the methods of fixed or random effects. Sensitivity analyses will be performed, and the funnel plot will be used to assess publication bias. The proposed statistical analyses will be performed using STATA software, V.14.0. Ethics and dissemination The results of the systematic review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference. As we will not use individual patient data, ethical approval is not required. Trial registration number CRD42020215659.


Data of MRI have the great diagnostic value for the estimation of the character of uterine leiomyoma growth, but do not allow make the unambiguous conclusions about the tumor proliferative activity. Aim: to elucidate the relationship between MRI of uterine leiomyoma and level of tumor proliferation and assess the possibility of the using of MRI data for pre-operative diagnostic of proliferative tumor growth. Materials and methods. Observation of 29 women with uterine leiomyoma was carried out. Before surgical treatment of the patients the MRI investigation with the general pelvic examination and estimation of the quantity of leiomyomas, their position, size and structure was conducted. In leiomyoma tissue and normal myometrium the Ki-67, transforming growth factor β3 (TGF β3) collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) and β-actin (housekeeper gene) mRNAs expressions were estimated by real-time reverse-transcription polymerasechain reaction. Results. According MRI data the most significant differences between studied leiomyomas were connected with T2-weighted signal in comparison with unchanged myometrium: the low T2-weighted signal and preferentially homogenous tissue structure were observed in 58,5% cases, and the increased T2-weighted signal with some heterogeneous structure of tumor were found in 41.1% samples. MRI data were correlated with results of molecular-genetic investigation: the low T2-weighted signal was associated with high levels of TGFβ3, COL1A1 mRNAs expression and minimal level of Ki-67 mRNA expression, whereas in leiomyomas with high T2-weighted signal the high Ki-67 mRNA expression was noted. Conclusion. Leiomyomas with heterogeneous structure and high T2 W signal are characterized by the high level of proliferative activity and this observation must be taken into account during leiomyoma estimation and choice of patient's treatment tactic.


The geometrical shape of ions in crystals and the concept of ionic radii are re-considered. The re-investigation is motivated by the fact that a spherical modelling is justified for p valence shell ions on cubic lattice sites only. For the majority of point groups, however, the ionic radius must be assumed to be an anisotropic quantity. An appropriate modelling of p valence ions then has to be performed by ellipsoids. The approach is tested for pyrite-structured dichalcogenides MX2, with chalcogen ions X = O, S, Se and Te. The latter are found to exhibit the shape of ellipsoids being compressed along the symmetry axes, with two radii r|| and r⊥ describing their spatial extension. Based on this ansatz, accurate interatomic M–X distances can be derived and a consistent geometrical model emerges for pyrite-structured compounds. Remarkably, the volumes of chalcogen ions are found to vary only little in different MX2 compounds, suggesting the ionic volume rather than the ionic radius to behave as a crystal-chemical constant.


Throughout evolution, numerous proteins have been convergently recruited into the venoms of various animals, including centipedes, cephalopods, cone snails, fish, insects (several independent venom systems), platypus, scorpions, shrews, spiders, toxicoferan reptiles (lizards and snakes), and sea anemones. The protein scaffolds utilized convergently have included AVIT/colipase/prokineticin, CAP, chitinase, cystatin, defensins, hyaluronidase, Kunitz, lectin, lipocalin, natriuretic peptide, peptidase S1, phospholipase A(2), sphingomyelinase D, and SPRY. Many of these same venom protein types have also been convergently recruited for use in the hematophagous gland secretions of invertebrates (e.g., fleas, leeches, kissing bugs, mosquitoes, and ticks) and vertebrates (e.g., vampire bats). Here, we discuss a number of overarching structural, functional, and evolutionary generalities of the protein families from which these toxins have been frequently recruited and propose a revised and expanded working definition for venom. Given the large number of striking similarities between the protein compositions of conventional venoms and hematophagous secretions, we argue that the latter should also fall under the same definition.


The fast multipole method (FMM) and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) are extended to the analysis of volumetric electric field integral equations (VEFIE) for targets in the presence of a half‐space, to calculate the electromagnetic fields scattered from dielectric scatterers situated above or within a half‐space environment. The "near" interactions are handled via rigorous evaluation of the dyadic Green's functions, by using the discrete complex image technique (DCIT); the "far" interactions are calculated by considering image source elements and groups. Numerical results are presented for comparisons between the VEFIE and surface combined‐field integral equation (SCFIE) MLFMA formulations.


A 30-year-old woman with a double outlet right ven- tricle and situs inversus was scheduled for dilatation and curettage of the uterus. We selected intravenous anesthesia which allowed spontaneous respiration, because of the short operation time and the low invasive surgery. We administered dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 1.1 μg · kg⁻¹ · hr⁻¹ and fentanyl (total amount 150 μg, three doses of 50 μg each) during operation. We accomplished anesthesia without appar- ent hemodynamic change or respiratory depression. We should select anesthetic method and anesthetic cautiously, considering patient's state.


HPLC-SPE-NMR analysis of a chemically complex antimycobacterial fraction of Warburgia salutaris allowed the rapid identification of seven new and four known drimane- and coloratane-type sesquiterpenes. This recently introduced hyphenated technique is therefore a highly valuable tool for elucidation of the chemistry of biologically active fractions of natural origin.


During a 15-month period a trial program of continuing self medical education for pediatricians in the province of Quebec was performed by sending out 5 questionnaires, each containing 10 multiple choice questions related to new, controversial, or changing medical subjects. Appropriate responses, relevant references and commentaries, were added to each questionnaire. At the end of the trial period another questionnaire was sent to all pediatricians in order to determine their opinion on the program. The majority gave a favorable response, encouraging its continuation.


A novel ternary samarium complex was prepared using HOOCC 6 H 4 N(CONH(CH 2 ) 3 Si- (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 3 ) 2 (MABA-Si) as first ligand, and phen as second ligand. The corresponding SiO 2 @Sm(MABA-Si)phen core-shell structure nanometer composite was synthesized as well, and the silica spheres was the core, and the ternary samarium complex was the shell layer. The ternary samarium complex has been characterized by element analysis, molar conductivity and IR spectra. The results show that the chemical formula of the complex is Sm(MABA-Si)(phen) 2 (ClO4) 3 ·2H 2 O. The fluorescent spectra illustrat that the luminescence properties of the samarium complex are superior. The core-shell structure of SiO 2 @Sm(MABA-Si)phen nanometer composite is characterized by SEM, TEM and IR spectra. The SiO 2 @Sm(MABA-Si)phen core-shell structure composites exhibit stronger emission intensity than the ternary samarium complex. The fluorescence lifetime of the complex and core-shell structure composite is measured as well.


Table-top extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light sources with laser like properties are of interest in a vast variety of applications. To achieve such light pulses with femtosecond pulse durations, high harmonic generation (HHG) is an established technique. It delivers ultrashort pulses and a wide range of photon energies, suitable for the study of core level transitions, highly excited states, or transitions in highly-charged ions [1], as well as for experiments in solid state physics such as photoelectron spectroscopy [2]. To achieve short acquisition times as well as acceptable signal to noise ratios, a high repetition rate and high photon flux is beneficial. Therefore, average power scalable fiber-based lasers are an ideal driver [3]. Since the HHG single atom response scales with ∼λ−5.5 [4] and phase matching conditions are more beneficial for a shorter driving wavelength, a much higher overall conversion efficiency can be achieved for short wavelength drivers [5]. By using the second harmonic of an infrared laser for HHG we demonstrate the highest average power high harmonic source to date. This cascaded frequency conversion yields a record high average power of (832 + 204) μW, contained in a single harmonic line at 21.7 eV with a relative energy bandwidth of ΔΕ/E ≈ 10−2, shown in Fig. 1a) [6].


Trichoderma spp. are fungal species in a certain natural suppressive soil prevents the plant from infectious diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Among these soils borne pathogen, the fungus Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) causes serious damages to economically significant crops and trees. The control strategies such as breeding for resistant cultivars, crop rotations, and application of fungicides are insufficient to manage diseases caused by R. solani because it persists in soil by producing sclerotia which is a hard-resistant structure. Moreover, fungicides are now unacceptable as they are not environment-friendly. The Trichoderma spp. are the potential biocontrol agents which inhibit R. solani by direct confrontation through mycoparasitic or antibiosis or competition as well as inducing plant defense responses. In this review paper, we provide first comprehensive report of a biological control activity (BCA) of Trichoderma spp. against various diseases caused by R. solani. We also report the cloning and functions of genes or proteins of Trichoderma spp. associated with suppression of diseases caused by a plant pathogen. Nevertheless, fast paced current research regarding Trichoderma spp. is required to fully exploit their actual potential against diseases caused by R. solani under field conditions.


This study evaluated the biomechanical and electromyographic effects of conventional ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) and dynamic ankle foot orthoses (DAFOs) on gait in patients with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Thirteen patients with dynamic equinus underwent motion analysis with electromyography. Both AFOs and DAFOs provided longer stride length, permitted pre-positioning for initial contact, and successfully controlled the excessive plantarflexion during the swing phase. Median frequency (MF) of EMG signal indicated that extremely high firing was found in the patient's lower limbs compared to controls that resulted in tiredness. The DAFOs allowed a significantly larger total ankle range of motion than the AFOs. However, AFOs significantly reduced the MF while DAFOs did not. The reduced MF seen when wearing AFOs suggested an improvement of walking endurance. The DAFO had the advantage of less restriction on ankle movement, which avoids muscular atrophy and improves orthotic compliance. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


In this study, we are investigating the role of stromal mTORC1 signaling in the development of malignancy in individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). LFS is a cancer predisposition syndrome that is associated with germline mutations in TP53. Individuals with LFS are faced with a significant lifetime risk of developing a wide spectrum of early-onset malignancies, thus necessitating the identification of pharmacologic agents to prevent tumor onset. Inhibitors of the mTORC1 pathway, namely rapamycin and metformin, have been shown to promote lifespan extension and delay or even prevent tumor onset in LFS mouse models. These findings are unsurprising—since wild-type p53 inhibits mTORC1—yet noteworthy, since they suggest that mTORC1 signaling plays a central role in favoring tumorigenesis in LFS. mTORC1 signaling has been implicated in promoting the protumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP constitutes the release of soluble factors, such as cytokines, growth factors, and proteases from senescent cells into the microenvironment, thus promoting oncogenesis in a paracrine manner. Interestingly, an increased incidence of senescence has been reported in LFS patients, and mutant p53 has been shown to promote the secretion of a quantitatively and qualitatively more protumorigenic SASP. As such, we believe that mTORC1 signaling in LFS stromal cells favors the production and secretion of protumorigenic factors, which may induce changes in the surrounding tissue to promote development of a precancerous niche, thus favoring tumorigenesis. Our objectives are 1) to investigate the contribution of stromal cells and stromal secreted factors in favoring tumorigenesis in LFS, and 2) to investigate the role of mTORC1 signaling in favoring these altered stromal phenotypes. To address these objectives, we co-injected patient-derived LFS fibroblasts with tumor cells of a common LFS subtype (rhabdomyosarcoma [RMS]) into immunocompromised mice and observed that tumors formed from the co-injection of RMS cells with LFS fibroblasts grew to be larger than tumors formed from co-injection with non-LFS fibroblasts. To determine whether LFS fibroblasts secrete more protumorigenic cytokines than non-LFS fibroblasts, we performed protein arrays with conditioned media (CM) from fibroblast cultures and saw that LFS fibroblasts secrete markedly higher levels of protumorigenic, SASP-related cytokines. To investigate the protumorigenic effects of fibroblast secreted factors, we treated spheroids formed from tumor cells of a common LFS subtype (osteosarcoma) with CM from LFS and non-LFS fibroblast cultures. LFS fibroblast CM had a robust proproliferative effect on spheroids, while non-LFS fibroblast CM inhibited spheroid growth. Thus far, we have observed that LFS stromal constituents favor tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and based on the current literature, we believe that mTORC1 signaling plays a role in favoring these processes. Citation Format: Camilla M. Giovino, Nish Patel, Sangeetha Paramathas, David Malkin, Ran Kafri. Investigating the contribution of mTORC1-dependent stromal signaling to cancer onset in Li-Fraumeni syndrome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr B15.


The effects of cyclophosphamide given for 18 weeks in small daily doses on CFU-S, CFU-C, and CFU-E content in mice bone marrow and spleen were studied. In the bone marrow, after an initial drop, the stem cell content rises above the normal values and remains there throughout a long period. In the spleen the stem cell content shows an initial several fold increase followed by a steady decline. It seems possible that this behaviour reflects a compensative effect to the toxic action of the drug at more differentiated levels of the haemopoietic cells.


OBJECTIVE
To study the expression and significance of tight junction proteins (claudin-2, claudin-10, and claudin-17) in a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODS
A total of 152 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control group (n=8), sham-operation group (n=72), and model group (n=72). The renal pedicles at both sides were clamped for 30 minutes to establish a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. According to the time points of reperfusion (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours and 5 and 7 days), the sham-operation group and the model group were further divided into 9 subgroups, with 8 mice in each subgroup. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-2, claudin-10, and claudin-17 in renal tissue.

RESULTS
The control and sham-operation groups had no significant changes in the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-2, claudin-10, and claudin-17 in renal tissue over the time of reperfusion (P>0.05). Compared with the control and sham-operation groups, the model group had decreased mRNA and protein expression of claudin-2 and claudin-10 after reperfusion, and the expression decreased gradually over the time of reperfusion, with the lowest levels at 24 hours of reperfusion (P<0.05). Compared with the control and sham-operation groups, the model group had increased mRNA and protein expression of claudin-17 after reperfusion, and the expression increased gradually over the time of reperfusion, with the highest mRNA level at 12 hours and the highest protein level at 24 hours of reperfusion (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is closely associated with abnormal expression of tight junction proteins claudin-2, claudin-10, and claudin-17.


Density functional theory calculations were performed to study the structures and relative stability of the gadolinium complexes, Gd(H2O)n3+ (n = 8,9), in vacuo and in aqueous solution. The polarizable continuum model with various radii for the solute cavity was used to study the relative stability in aqueous solution. The calculated molecular geometries for n = 8 and 9 obtained in vacuo are consistent with those observed in experiments. It was found that while the nona-aqua complex is favored in the gas phase, in aqueous solution the octa-aqua conformation is preferred. This result, independent of the types of cavities employed, is in agreement with the experimental observation. The reliability of the present calculation was also addressed by comparing the calculated and experimental free energy of hydration, which revealed that the UA0, UAHF, and UAKS cavities are most appropriate when only the first solvation shell is treated explicitly.


We propose a measure for extreme downside risk (EDR) to investigate whether bearing such a risk is rewarded by higher expected stock returns. By constructing an EDR proxy with the left tail index in the classical generalized extreme value distribution, we document a significantly positive EDR premium in cross-section of stock returns even after controlling for market, size, value, momentum, and liquidity effects. The EDR premium is more prominent among glamor stocks and when high market returns are expected. High-EDR stocks are generally characterized by high idiosyncratic risk, large downside beta, lower coskewness and cokurtosis, and high bankruptcy risk. The EDR premium persists after these characteristics are controlled for. Although Value at Risk (VaR) plays a significant role in explaining the EDR premium, it cannot completely subsume the EDR effect.


Background:
 The efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) is well established, and completion of such programs after an event is standard-of-care in guidelines worldwide. Despite universal recommendations, participation in CRP is alarmingly low: estimated at 14%-35% in the US, and <15% of eligible patients in the Canadian province of Ontario. The inability to achieve even 50% participation in CRP represents a failure of health care systems (HCS) to deliver effective, high-quality services. Such a failure is particularly vexing in Canada, where the central tenet and legal requirement of the HC-S is universal access to all medically necessary services.

 Objectives:
 A team of health care providers and administrators in Ontario used a systems integration approach to re-design the HCS in one health care region (HCR) to make an evidence-based CRP universally available. The key features of this HCS-integrated CRP (HCS-I-CRP), its adoption, and population health impact are reported here.

 Methods:
 By design, the HCS-I-CRP included harmonized criteria that triggered automatic referral to a HCR-wide coordinating center, which then directed eligible patients to a CRP provided in local, community-based setting (LCB-CRP). Fourteen LCB-CRP, available within a 30-minute drive from most all locations in the HCR, were trained to provide a standardized CRP. Detailed patient outcomes were tracked in a centralized database. Using administrative data, within-HCR participation rates were monitored, and population level health impacts between the HCR implementing the HCS-I-CRP and all other HCRs in Ontario were compared for the 2 years prior and 1 year after the HCS-I-CRP implementation.

 Results:
 More than 11,000 patients were referred through the HCS-I-CRP to a LCB-CRP. The estimated overall participation and completion rates were 31% and 67%, respectively. Population health impacts in the HCR implementing the HCS-I-CRP included (p<0.05): larger HCR-wide reduction in visits to family practitioners, cardiologists, and internists for any cardiac reason; larger HCR-wide reductions in hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and visits to cardiologist and internists for acute coronary syndrome; and larger HCR-wide reductions in visits to family practitioners and cardiologists for heart failure. Reductions in HCR-wide mortality for acute coronary syndrome approached significance (p=0.097).

 Conclusions:
 The adoption of a HCS-I-CRP was extremely successful: referrals actually exceeded the capacity of LCB-CRPs and enrollment, unfortunately, had to be capped. Despite this, statistically significant, population level health benefits were observed. We anticipate that adoption of a province-wide HCS-I-CRP, initiated and buttressed by provincial policy, would achieve near universal access to CRP and population health benefits similar to or greater than those reported here.


Horizontal wells are widely used in Balder and Ringhorne fields. Wells drilled during the first and the second development campaign were completed with standalone sand screen (SAS). However, wells drilled during the latest drilling campaign in Balder field (Balder phase III, 2013) were completed with passive nozzle ICD (Inflow Control Device).
 Field production data reveal that wells completed with passive nozzle ICDs (4x4mm) yield lower water production and longer water breakthrough time, approximately 4 – 7 months. This is a significant delay when compared to wells with SAS completion, where water breakthrough typically happens within 2 – 4 weeks.
 Conventional reservoir simulation for Balder and Ringhorne wells completed with ICDs showed an insignificant increase in oil production and a trivial reduction in water cut, when compared to SAS wells, this seems to contradict production data. In order to optimize ICD completions for Balder and Ringhorne, an alternative approach to perform well inflow modelling using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was adopted. The paper demonstrates the use of CFD modeling to improve well and completion design. Specific, key results from the CFD modelling are: A robust implementation of Darcy's law into CFD model was demonstrated.Smaller ICDs near the heel yield a more even inflow profile and this positive effect outweighs the small reduction in well PI.Changes in oil viscosity, liquid rate and permeability have low impact on inflow profile along the wellbore for the optimized completions selectedOptimized ICD configurations were identified for various well lengths: 500m, 1000m, 1500m, and 2000m.


Aim. To study the influence of natural mineral sylvinite on the growth indices of bacterial cultures in laboratory conditions. Materials and methods. A series of experiments on the basis of original model of sylvinite unit was carried out. The object of this study microbial culture S.aureus. Its inoculation on the blood agar followed by daily incubation was performed. The size of colonies and diameter of hemolysis zones were measured using binocular magnifier with ocular-micrometer (enlargement ×8). Results. A reliable fall in the size of S.aureus colonies and diameter of hemolysis zones around them was experimentally proved. The obtained results demonstrate a marked inhibiting effect of natural mineral sylvinite on S.aureu growth indices and hemolytic activity. Conclusions. The performed microbiological studies detected a significant antibacterial effect of mineral sylvinite.


In this paper threshold error correction models (TVECMs) and min-max (MM) models are applied to examine the integration of European electricity markets. The relationships across German, Dutch, British and French forward prices are assessed allowing for the possibility that the convergence in prices may not always be operational. Indeed, interdependences may occur only when the spread in prices between two markets makes it profitable to invest in cross-border contracts. As a main result, allowing for non-linear adjustment dynamics improves the accuracy of the model.


The use of structural equation modeling in personality research has been increasing steadily over the past few decades. In evaluating the adequacy of a particular model researchers are often interested in evaluating not only the overall ®t of the model, but also which of the proposed parameters are signi®cant. Researchers who apply unrestricted post hoc model modi®cations, or who evaluate the signi®cance of individual parameters without adopting some form of type I error control, risk capitalizing on chance. A Monte Carlo study was used to demonstrate the e€ectiveness of simple Bonferroni-type procedures for controlling the rate of type I errors when multiple parameters are evaluated in the structural portion of a theoretical model. 7 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


This research tittle 'work in progress on the creation of the three-stringed kulcapi' wanted to examine how the work process of the creation of the kulcapi music instrument and can be explained descriptively. The kulcapi musical instrument which is considered to still have limitations in terms of producing its notes, and only having 2 strings, seems to be the cause of the less than optimal function in exploring the notes. In addition, the form of the kulcapi instrument is seen to be still very plain and very simple, this is felt to be one of the issues that must be overcome to be able to explore the kulcapi musical instrument to be more functional, both in producing tones and adding aesthetic value to the form of the kulcapi music instrument. In this research, a qualitative descriptive method is used. The process of tracing data and information is done diachronically to find out in full and complete about the kulcapi music instrument. The data collected comes from two sources, they are primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained through in-depth interviews and participant observation that aims to collect data followed by focus group discussions. This research produces findings including: a) The creation of three-stringed kulcapi instruments has a wider range of tone areas. b) can be functioned more flexible and can be explored in playing pentatonic and diatonic tones. c) The shape has the characteristic of the Karo people with the presence of ethnic Karo ornaments on the kulcapi's body.


Non-precious-metal (NPM) catalysts often face the formidable challenge of a trade-off between long-term stability and high activity, which has not yet been widely addressed. Here we propose distinct molecule-selective fence as a promising novel concept to solve this activity-stability trade-off. This unique fence has the characteristics of preventing poisonous species from invading catalysts, but allowing catalytic reaction-related species to diffuse freely. We applied this concept to construct CoS2 layer with the function of molecular selectivity on the external surface of highly active Co doped MoS2, achieving a remarkable catalytic stability towards alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction, along with a further optimized activity. In situ spectroscopy technologies uncovered the underlying molecule mechanism of the CoS2 fence for breaking the activity-stability trade-off of the MoS2 catalyst. This work offers valuable guidance for rationally designing efficient and stable NPM catalysts.


Background Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is characterized by bone destruction in joints caused by enhanced activity of osteoclasts. Ig-G containing immune complexes (ICs) correlate with disease severity and bone erosion and are recognized by Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) on myeloid cells. In this study we investigated the role of FcγRs in osteoclast-mediated bone erosion comparing development of immune complex mediated antigen induced arthritis (AIA) between mice lacking all FcγRs (FcγRI, II, III, IV–/–) and their wild type controls. Objectives To investigate the role of FcγRs in bone erosion in experimental arthritis Methods AIA was induced by injection of 60 μg mBSA into the knee joint of FcγRI, II, III, IV–/– and wild type (WT) control mice previously immunized with mBSA/CFA. Joint inflammation and bone destruction was determined in total knee joints sections. mBSA antibody titers were measured using ELISA and T cell response monitored with a lymphocyte stimulation test. The percentage of osteoclast precursors in the bone marrow was defined through FACS analysis. Gene expression was measured using RT-PCR. Number of mature osteoclasts within the inflamed joints was defined through TRAP staining. Protein expression was measured with bead-based multiplex immunoassay luminex in the synovial wash-out or through immunohistochemistry on knee joint section. Results In FcγRI, II, III, IV–/– mice the development of bone erosion in knee joints was significantly reduced both at days 7 and 21 after induction of AIA (30% and 25% lower) when compared to WT controls. The immune response against mBSA (serum level of specific anti mBSA (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b) and mBSA specific T-cell response) was comparable between the two strains. The percentage of osteoclast precursors within the bone marrow (CD11b low-neg/ Ly6C high, described to be upregulated during arthritis) was comparable between FcγRI, II, III, IV–/– and WT controls. At day 7 after AIA induction, the decrease in bone erosion in FcγRI, II, III, IV–/– was associated with a significantly decrease in the number of inflammatory cells present within the joint (infiltrate and exudate 29% and 27% lower respectively compared to WT control). Although less macrophages were detected within the synovium, no differences were found in the number of mature osteoclasts present at locations of bone erosion (32±13 osteoclasts/section in FcγRI, II, II, IV–/– versus 28±9 osteoclasts/section in WT), suggesting that mainly the activity of osteoclasts was affected in the KO animals. In line with this observation levels of macrophage derived factors like IL-1β and S100A8, known to strongly induce osteoclast activity, were reduced both at gene expression level and protein level in the synovium of FcγRI, II, III, IV–/– mice. Conclusions FcγRs promote bone erosion in AIA by enhancing influx of macrophages within the synovium and release of factors such as IL-1β and S100A8 able to stimulate osteoclast activity. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Cross‐cultural mentoring relationships can be sites of struggle around the issues of race, class and gender. In addition, the mentor/protégé relationship offers micro‐cosmic insight into power relations within western society. The authors of this paper, a black woman associate professor and a white male professor, use the example of their mentoring relationship to illustrate six common issues facing academicians involved in these relationships: (1) trust between mentor and protégé; (2) acknowledged and unacknowledged racism; (3) visibility and risks pertinent to minority faculty; (4) power and paternalism; (5) benefits to mentor and protégé; and (6) the double‐edged sword of 'otherness' in the academy. Literature is used for review and critique of mentoring in the academy while offering personal examples to illustrate the complexity and success of a 13‐year mentoring relationship between a duo who began their association as teacher/student.


Two patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis and aortic regurgitation, developed progressive symptoms of left ventricular failure. Symptoms were inadequately controlled by medical therapy. Surgical treatment was at first considered with great reluctance because of the theoretical risk of operative and postoperative complications in patients with a diffuse disease of connective tissue. The suspected complications did not materialize. Valvular replacement should be considered in patients with severe valvular disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis.


1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; 3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China; 4Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China


Purpose: While asthma comorbidities are associated with higher health care utilisation, lower quality of life and poorer asthma control, the impact of asthma comorbidities on hospitalisation for asthma exacerbation (H-AX) remains less recognised. We aim to analyse the impact of asthma comorbidities on H-AX.Methods: Based on a national survey on asthma control and disease perception (CARN 2015 study), we analysed the impact of comorbidities on annual incidence and frequency of H-AX in China. Information on demographic characteristics, asthma comorbidities and annual incidence and frequency of H-AX were presented in this study. Results: Among 3875 ambulatory asthma patients, 75.9% (2941/3875) had comorbidities, and 26.4% (1017/3858) experienced H-AX during past year. After adjusting for confounding factors such as demographic data, smoking status and asthma control, COPD [OR=2.189, 95%CI (1.673, 2.863)] and coronary heart disease [OR=1.387, 95%CI (1.032, 1.864)] were associated with higher annual incidence, while allergic rhinitis [OR=0.692, 95%CI (0.588, 0.815)] was associated with lower annual incidence, of H-AX. In terms of frequency, allergic rhinitis [OR=1.630, 95%CI (1.214, 2.187)], COPD [OR=1.472, 95%CI (1.021, 2.122)] and anxiety [OR=2.609, 95%CI (1.051, 6.477)] showed statistically significant correlation with frequent H-AX.Conclusions: Comorbidities such as COPD, coronary heart disease and allergic rhinitis, may have an important role in the risk and/or frequency of annual hospitalisations due to asthma exacerbation. The goal of asthma control should rely on a multi-disciplinary treatment protocol but not merely on efforts of respiratory physicians.


The change of the societal system after 1989 is fundamentally reflected in the geographical distribution of the economy and settlement. The transformations were dramatic in the last decade of the 20th century, both in the redistribution of the economy and in the qualitative re-evaluation of hierarchy of centers and metropolitan areas. After 2000, the deepening of geographic differentiation was considerably reduced, but it became complex in nature: following the radical changes economic distribution there was also an increased differentiation in the development of the population. In this sense, it is possible to distinguish the period of the 1990s as a transformation period in its narrower concept; and, after 2000 post-transformation period, as a period with a limited range of transformations – but with a longer-term developmental orientation.


Abstract The article analyses the development of environmental diplomacy in Slovenia since 1991, when the country declared independence. The objective is to present the structural changes (and the lack thereof) in the development of Slovenian environmental diplomacy – from its blueprints (made in the first years of independence) to a more structural approach towards environmental diplomacy, and its regression. With respect to the development and regression of Slovenian environmental diplomacy, the article confirms the thesis that the formulation of Slovenian foreign policy is influenced by two factors: the role of the agent (i.e. the foreign minister and his or her interests) and the external variables, coming from a supranational or international environment.


Tick-borne borreliosis (relapsing fever) can be an important, unsuspected cause of febrile illness. The diagnosis is generally made by identifying Borrelia spirochetes in stained peripheral blood smears. Since Borrelia may be difficult to detect with Romanowsky stains, an alternative method, using acridine orange (AO), was used to screen blood smears. Duplicate blood smears of seven patients were examined with the AO technique and Romanowsky stains. In all seven cases spirochetes were easily identified with the AO-stained smears compared with only five cases with Romanowsky stains. In a double-blind laboratory experiment, six of ten duplicate smears from a single patient with mild spirochetemia were positive by AO, whereas only two of ten were positive by Romanowsky stain. We concluded that the AO stain is simple, rapid and more sensitive than Romanowsky methods for detecting cases of low-level spirochetemia.


A fluid mechanical process generating controllable steady streaming is introduced as a model for explanation of specific molecular transport processes in living cells. Intracellular organelles, attached to contractile cytoplasmic fibrils and executing simultaneous oscillations and volume pulsations, are envisioned as the driving mechanisms for this transport system.


Choice of entity has long been one of the central issues in applied business planning. The family business often has special characteristics and needs that may differ from other businesses. These different characteristics and needs will affect the determination of which entity is best for a particular business enterprise. To give some examples, the owners of a family business may want to maintain long-term control in the hands of one or two family members while still providing fairness for minority owners, may need to deal with attribution rules and other statutory provisions that make income tax planning more complicated, and may have the desire to take estate taxes into account as well as income taxes. Tax legislation enacted in the years 2003 through 2006, as well as evolving case law, have made choice of entity for the family business more complicated than before, warranting a new look at this special topic.


Objective To examine the submaximal and maximal indices of the exercise response of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Design and setting Prospective examination of cardiopulmonary responses to ramp exercise test of a consecutive group of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy attending a cardiomyopathy outpatient clinic. Methods 50 patients aged 12 to 76 years (mean (SD) 35 (14)) with diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy performed incremental cycle ergometry; 22 sedentary volunteers (seven female, 15 male) aged 14 to 58 years (mean (SD) 31 (12)) served as controls. Respiratory gas was continuously sampled from the mouthpiece, and its concentration profile phase aligned to the respired air flow signals. Following analogue to digital conversion, gas exchange variables were computed breath by breath and the data were averaged every 30 seconds for graphic display. A 12 lead ECG was monitored continuously and recorded every three minutes during the exercise. Results Both the peak oxygen uptake attained on the test (V˙o 2 peak) and anaerobic threshold were reduced in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). In 29 patients (59%) theV˙o 2 peak was less than 60% and only two patients achieved a peak above 80% of their predicted values. The anaerobic threshold was below 60% of the predicted value in 31 patients and above 80% in only three patients. The slope of oxygen uptake/work rate relation (ΔV˙o 2/ΔWR) was decreased in 16 patients (32%). The maximum oxygen pulse (V˙o 2/HR) was reduced as a percentage of the predicted value, and became flat at high work rates in 32 patients. There was a significant correlation between anaerobic threshold andV˙o 2 peak (p < 0.0001), work efficiency (p < 0.0001), and maximum oxygen pulse (p < 0.0001). The slope of change in ventilation against change in carbon dioxide output (ΔV˙e/ΔV˙co 2) for the subanaerobic threshold range was increased in 36 patients (72%) and was inversely correlated with anaerobic threshold (p < 0.0002). Conclusions There were severe abnormalities in maximal and submaximal indices of pulmonary gas exchange in a cohort of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients attending a referral cardiovascular clinic. The pattern of the abnormalities suggests that a reduced stroke volume response, ventilation/perfusion mismatch, and abnormal peripheral oxygen utilisation are the possible mechanisms of exercise intolerance.


A computer simulation technique was developed and incorporated into the OLYMPUS package, to study the time dependent atomic processes is plasma. A coupled set of rate equations, describing the time evolution of the ionisation fractions, was solved by invoking the eigenvector decomposition. At the present stage, the time dependence of fractional population densities of all target elements up to and including argon can be studied. An extension to include all elements is trivial. The reported technique is distinct from the available ones and can be directly implemented in the MEDUSA code, to study some of the problems in inertial confinement fusion.


The effects of varying axial gap on the unsteady flow field between the stator and rotor of a transonic compressor stage are important because they can result in significant changes in stage mass flow rate, pressure rise, and efficiency. Some of these effects are analyzed with measurements using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) and with time-accurate simulations using the 3D unsteady Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics solver TURBO. Generally there is excellent agreement between the measurements and simulations, instilling confidence in both. Strong vortices of the wake can break up the rotor bow shock and contribute to loss. At close spacing vortices are shed from the trailing edge of the upstream stationary blade row in response to the unsteady, discontinuous pressure field generated by the downstream rotor bow shock. Shed vortices increase in size and strength and generate more loss as spacing decreases, a consequence of the effective increase in rotor bow shock strength at the stationary blade row trailing edge. A relationship for the change in shed vorticity as a function of rotor bow shock strength is presented that predicts the difference between close and far spacing TURBO simulations.


Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent form of tumors of the central nervous system with an average survival rate of less than one year. Given the location and characteristics of GBM only limited treatment options are available, thus understanding the mechanisms of GBM formation or progression may lead to the development of novel treatment options. Strikingly, a common feature of GBM is the loss of expression of the tumor suppressor programmed cell death gene 4 (PDCD4), which correlates with a poor prognosis. Through both transcriptional and translational regulation, PDCD4 has been shown to regulate many proteins within the cell, although the precise mechanism of target selection is not known. We have hypothesised that silencing of PDCD4 in glioblastomas leads to an altered expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins resulting in the suppression of apoptotic signals and enhanced chemo-resistance of glioblastomas. Indeed, we show that low levels of PDCD4 correlate with an increase in the anti-apoptotic XIAP and Bcl-xL proteins, and decrease in pro-apoptotic Apaf-1. Importantly, these proteins are regulated at the level of protein synthesis through the internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of their respective mRNAs. IRES elements allow for translation to occur through a cap-independent mechanism during times of cellular stress when global translation is attenuated. We further show that PDCD4 regulates the activity of Bcl-xL, XIAP and Apaf-1 IRES and is therefore an IRES specific translational regulator. We further dissect the signalling pathways that regulate PDCD4 levels and show that activation of S6K2 results in the proteolytic degradation of PDCD4 and concomitant upregulation of XIAP and Bcl-xL, and downregulation of Apaf-1 levels. Importantly, reintroduction of PDCD4 into glioblastoma cell lines results in a reduction in both XIAP and Bcl-xL protein levels and enhanced cell death. In summary, our work provides a novel role for PDCD4 as a translational regulator of XIAP, Bcl-xL and Apaf-1, as well as a mechanistic understanding into the regulation of PDCD4 expression. Our research offers insight into the biology of glioblastomas in the hopes that we can identify new pathways as novel targets for anticancer therapy.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2113. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2113


The Function of the Normal Pulmonary Circulation & Right Heart Pulmonary vascular function Right heart function Pathophysiology & Pathology of Pulmonary Vascular Disease Pathology of pulmonary vascular disease Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypertension Pulmonary vascular remodeling & pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension Clinical Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Diagnosis & Management Clinical features Imaging: Echocardiography Imaging: Chest radiography, ventilation/perfusions cintigraphy and computed tomography Imaging: Emerging modalities (MR , PET and others) Exercise testing and pulmonary hypertension: Six minute walk testing and cardiopulmonary exercise testing Blood biomarkers Cardiac catheterisation of patients with pulmonary hypertension An integrated approach to the diagnosis and clinical management of pulmonary hypertension Disorders Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension Classification and clinical features of pulmonary hypertension Idiopathic and heritable pulmonary hypertension: Introduction to pathophysiology & clinical aspects Genetics of pulmonary arterial hypertension Pulmonary hypertension related to appetite suppressants Pulmonary hypertension associated with portal hypertension Pulmonary arterial hypertension related to HIV infection Pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital systemic to pulmonary shunts Hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease and thalassemia Pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy Drug and Non Drug Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension Conventional medical therapies: general measures, supportive treatments and calcium channel blockers Prostacyclins: intravenous, subcutaneous, inhaled and oral Inhaled nitric oxide and nitric oxide donors Endothelin receptor antagonists The nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway Combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension Stem cell therapy Novel antin-proliferative strategies Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension Lung transplantation Atrial septostomy and other interventional procedures Pulmonary endarterectomy An integrated approach to the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension Pulmonary Hypertension due to Capillary or Post Capillary disease Pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart failure Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease Pulmonary capillary hemangionmatosis Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Disorders of the Respiratory System and/or Hypoxemia Pulmonary hypertension due to chronic hypoxic lung disease COPD and ILD Pulmonary circulation in obstructive sleep apnea An integrated approach to treatment of pulmonary hypertension due to hypoxic lung disease Other Important Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension Schistosomiasis Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolism, Pulmonary Vascular Tumors and Pulmonary Vasculitis. Diagnosis of acute pulmonary thromboembolism Treatment of acute pulmonary thromboembolism Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary vascular tumors Pulmonary vasculitis Pulmonary Hypertension in Pediatrics Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in children Pulmonary Circulation in Critical Care Effects of mechanical ventilation on the pulmonary circulation Effects of lung injury on the pulmonary circulation Pharmacological management of the pulmonary circulation in critically ill patients Pulmonary Circulation in Special Environments High altitude pulmonary hypertension High altitude pulmonary oedema Pulmonary circulation in the underwater environment Disorders Causing Intrapulmonary Shunt Hepatopulmonary syndrome Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations


Apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), a widely used proximal soil sensing technology, could be made more useful through better calibration to subsurface variations in soil properties. In this research we develop methods to improve calibrations through combining by-depth measurements from an ECa penetrometer with data from mobile proximal ECa sensors. Penetrating ECa data facilitated visualization and parameterization of a more accurate soil-layer model and provided an efficient way to obtain model calibration data for topsoil depth determination in strongly-layered claypan soils. Further research is required to validate this approach for other profile properties and soils.


The authors present a case of a 9-year-old female patient who presents with complaints of pain in her right foot associated with physical activities. After the diagnosis of an osseous cuboid navicular coalition she was treated surgically with resection of the coalition, with symptoms resolved. The literature is reviewed and the importance of adequate physical examination and image exams to investigate foot pain in children and teenagers is discussed.


We propose a loglinear present-value identity in which investment ("scale"), profitability ("yield"), and discount rates determine a firm's market-to-book ratio. Our identity reconciles existing influential market-to-book decompositions and facilitates novel insights from three empirical applications: (1) Both investment and profitability are important contributors to the value spread and stock return news variance. (2) Any cross-sectional return predictability has a mirror image in cash-flow fundamentals, providing asset pricing theories with additional moments to match. (3) The investment spread significantly improves the predictability of time-series variation in the value premium and justifies the poor performance of value in recent years.


Medical schools worldwide are promoting a student-centered and patient-centered care curriculum by using problem-based learning (PBL) strategy, emphasizing group dynamics and discussions. This approach facilitates student engagement, participation, and partnership interaction. However, in the context of the wide power-distance or the existence of socio-hierarchical gaps in Indonesia, two-way dialogue is limited. Few studies describe the one-way paternalistic communication styles between physician-patient, teacher-student, and parents-children, which can lead to less effective learning and healthcare environments. In this study, we investigated if students in an Indonesian medical school, who have been learning and practicing a partnership style of communication in a PBL curriculum for three years, are using the same style of communication with their junior peers outside the classroom. We examined the communication style between senior and new medical students, using surveys, observations, and focus group discussions, during a three-day orientation at the beginning of medical education. The results indicated that senior students used a one-sided communication style with their juniors, whereas new students expressed the need for egalitarian interaction with seniors. A classic dilemma of nature versus nurture was found and discussed. To change the traditional values, robust, constructive, and systematic formative training is key.


Patients with pathogenic truncating mutations in the prion gene (PRNP) usually present with prolonged disease courses with severe neurofibrillary tangle and cerebral amyloidosis pathology, but more atypical phenotypes also occur, including those with dysautonomia and peripheral neuropathy. We describe the neurological, cognitive, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological features of a 31-year-old man presenting with an orbitofrontal syndrome, gastrointestinal symptoms, and peripheral neuropathy associated with PRNP Q160X nonsense mutation, with symptom onset at age 27. The mutation was also detected in his asymptomatic father and a symptomatic paternal cousin; several members of prior generations died from early onset dementia. This is the first report of a family affected with the nonsense PRNP mutation Q160X displaying clear autosomal dominant disease in multiple family members and reduced penetrance. This case strengthens the evidence suggesting an association between PRNP truncating mutations and prion systemic amyloidosis. PRNP gene testing should be considered in any patient with atypical dementia, especially with early onset and neuropathy, even in the absence of a family history.


For several decades, the field of International Relations theory has been preoccupied with its own methodological and theoretical plurality. As a consequence, IR scholars have proposed a range of different solutions to this "problem." In doing so, they have drawn from different sources of social capital in the field, allowing them to base their legitimacy on the ways they relate to "progress" and the status quo. Drawing from Bourdieu's sociology, this article will explore five different strategies for "saving the discipline" and show how they relate to different kinds of scientific capital and power relations in the field. It will also explore the ways in which social conventions (such as politesse) can be used as tools for symbolic violence. The article will finish by arguing that rather than a problem to be resolved, plurality functions as an organizing principle regulating social power relations in the field.


OBJECTIVE
Hypocalciuria associated with a high phosphorus intake is known to be both a parathyroid hormone and non-parathyroid hormone dependent event. The present study was designed to define the role that ammoniagenesis may play in the non-parathyroid hormone dependent pathway.

DESIGN
Male rats, initially weighing 160 g, were fed a purified diet containing, in g/kg diet, a single level of protein (200) and variable inorganic phosphorus (1.8, 4.5, 9.0) for 20 days.

RESULTS
Food intake and body weight were similar for the three groups. Significant inverse correlations were found for both urinary calcium and phosphorus and for urinary ammonia nitrogen and calcium excretion (r = -0.62, p < 0.01). Urinary ammonia nitrogen excretion was highly correlated with both phosphorus intake (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) and urinary phosphorus (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). Urinary urea nitrogen tended to vary inversely with phosphorus intake. High dietary phosphorus decreased the activity of glutamine synthetase and increased the activity of glutaminase I in kidney.

CONCLUSION
Tying-up some of the hydrogen ions destined for excretion by phosphorus-stimulated ammoniagenesis could reduce the interfering effect of hydrogen ion on kidney calcium reabsorption and provide a mechanism to explain why phosphorus can have a direct positive impact upon tubular calcium reabsorption.


In this work palladium nanowire arrays have been studied for hydrogen gas sensing applications at room temperature. These parallel arrays of Pd nanowires were fabricated by electrode position from an aqueous plating solution onto an HOPG surface. The nanowires were then transferred onto a polymer film and silver electrical contact pads were fabricated by shadow masking. The morphology of the nanowires was analyzed using atomic force microscope (AFM) and the diameter of the observed nanowires was measured to be approximately 250 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the nanowires fabricated by this procedure were mostly parallel and continuous. Experimental results indicated that the sensors are highly sensitive to Hydrogen, showing a two-order change in conductance. SEM images showed that the nanowires contain nanogaps in absence of H/sub 2/. On, exposure to H/sub 2/ palladium absorbed hydrogen resulting in the expansion of Pd grains. This expansion results in the closing of the nanogaps.


Audible in speech and song, electro-pop singer Grimes's so-called "baby doll" lisp generates endless buzz online, ranging from light-hearted adoration, to infantilization, to sexual fetish and even to ableist, misogynist anti-fandom. This article uses the reception of her lisp to build an intersectional theory of lisping across its medical and socio-cultural constructions, bridging work in disability studies, dysfluency studies, voice studies, and popular music studies in the process. I situate the slippage between adoring, infantilizing, fetishistic, and violent characterizations of Grimes's lisp as reflective of the infantilization of "communicative disorders" in speech language pathology, and the dysfunction associated with feminine coded-speech patterns (e.g. vocal fry and up talk) in the popular imaginary. Lisping is profitably understood as an audible form of "liminal" difference relative to visible physical disabilities (St. Pierre), and to certain ableist, gendered, and racialized conceptions of normative vocality. Ultimately, in the English-speaking world, the lisp is symbolically-coded feminine while exceeding the norms of female vocality, thereby giving rise to a polarizing set of associations that work against female authority and, by extension in Grimes's case, female musical authorship. Grimes's reception thus offers a valuable case study for interrogating how misogynist fantasies regarding femininity are thought localized in the female voice, and the symbolic ties between disability and femininity.


Introduction and objective: External apical root resorption ( RRAE ) associated with tooth movement has been the subject of research in the field of orthodontics and endodontics. Early detection would bring a benefit to the patient and the professional; It has been described as a complication of orthodontic treatment resulting in permanent loss of root structure. Efficient diagnosis is an essential aspect in order to define appropriate therapeutic and treatment success. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in root length and canal as a result of orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: 42 teeth, maxillary central incisors of 21 patients (12 women, 9 men ) were evaluated. Changes in root length and width of the canal were determined with radiographic measurements obtained before starting treatment (T1 ) and at 6 ( T2 ), 12 ( T3 ) and 18 months ( T4 ) using a RINN® XCP® ( DENTSPLY) positioner technique and CDR System radiovisiography SCHICK®. Images obtained were imported and processed with the WIN® DBS system with which the corresponding measurements were made. Results: All tested incisors showed decreased length and breadth of the root canal during the 18 months of treatment. Conclusion: RRAE can be detected at early stages of orthodontic treatment , it appears most significantly during the first 6 monthsof treatment and seems to be related to the forces during alignment and leveling phases.


A 900-MHz monolithic CMOS dual-loop frequency synthesizer suitable for GSM receivers is presented. Implemented in a 0.5-mm CMOS technology and at a 2-V supply voltage, the dual-loop frequency synthesizer occupies a chip area of 2.64 mm2and consumes a low power of 34 mW. The measured phase noise of the dual-loop synthesizer is -121.8 dBc/Hz at 600-kHz frequency offset. The measured spurious levels are -79.5 and -82 dBc at 1.6 MHz and 11.3MHz offset, respectively.


Background: Cancer is a chronic and threatening condition for quality of life. Present study aimed to examine some cognitive factors that affect survivor's quality of life, and explain the mediating role of cognitive control strategies and the impact of cancer in relation to experiences of the disease and quality of life in survivors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study 142 adolescent survivors of cancer by using a convenient sampling method included. Data collection measures were Perceived Illness Experience Scale (R-PIE), the Impact of Cancer scale (IOC-CS), the Cognitive Control Strategies Scale CCSS) and, the quality of life questionnaire in survivors of cancer (QOL-CSV).

Findings:Structural equation modeling showed a negative significant correlation between experience of cancer and quality of life (p<0.01). And the indexes of the model (the role of mediator of coping strategy and impact of cancer between experience of cancer and quality of life) are acceptable, but are not good fitness and enough.

Discussion:The majority of Iranian adolescent survivors of cancer in childhood need more attention, understanding the factors affecting their quality of life can improve prevention and treatment strategies and may guide the support required by this population.


Insulin increases active sodium transport by the toad urinary bladder, an effect that begins with 15 minutes and persists for at least 20 hours. Although pretreatment of bladders with inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis has no effect on the response to insulin within the first hour, these agents block the long-term component of insulin-stimulated sodium transport. To examine the relationship of protein synthesis to the sustained increase in sodium transport elicited by insulin, we have studied the effects of the hormone upon the incorporation of radioactive amino acids into mucosal cell proteins. There is no detectable effect of insulin on the uptake of aminoisobutyric acid into mucosal cells or on the incorporation of labeled precursors into total protein; however, using a dual-label technique, we find that insulin increases the incorporation of amino acids into specific soluble and plasma-membrane proteins of granular mucosal cells. Insulin has no discernible effect upon the incorporation of amino acids into proteins of mitochondria-rich mucosal cells. Thus the effects of insulin upon sodium transport appear to be the result of two separate mechanisms, (1) a short-term response that is independent of protein synthesis and (2) a long-term response that is expressed after the first hour of hormone treatment and that requires the synthesis of one or more specific proteins in the granular cell.


Reviews of literature including systematic meta-analysis are invaluable to advance science and guide directions for future research. The premise for conducting reviews is well established (Dickersin & Berlin, 1992; Glass, 1976). Systematic reviews in a field gather scholarly efforts on a topic, theme, population, setting and treatment conditions to identify peculiarities and generalizations across subsets. Reviews thus increase power and precision of causal inferences and estimates of relationships between constructs and help manage literature "blind spots" by increasing reliability and validity of results from widely dispersed regional and global studies. The advantage of reviews is thus especially noticeable in cases where occurrence rates of conditions or events are particularly low or where small effect sizes equally matter (e.g. in medical research) (Lau et al., 1992). The cumulation of diverse perspectives in a review offers nuances that cannot be found from a single study. This is mostly because each study is shaped by researcher's cognitive capabilities and is influenced by the characteristics of research design including selection criteria for participants, research context including treatment conditions and sophistication of methods employed (Light & Pillemer, 1984). A formal meta-analysis of reviews in this view is more likely to detect small but significant effects than a single review performed by a researcher using traditional methods (Rosenthal, Cooper & Hedges, 1994). (...)


As community-based mental health services evolve, there is increasing awareness of the restorative potential of community participation and of its importance in promoting social inclusion. Many mental health service users are stigmatized by the segregated services they use as well as by the negative attitudes commonly held in our wider society. This article reports on a participatory action research inquiry in Bristol, United Kingdom, which examined the positive impact of mainstream community participation on mental health service users' recovery and social inclusion and how service users' experiences informed joint planning between mental health services and the learning community to promote social inclusion. Focusing on the significance of inter-agency work and highlighting the value of micro-level knowledge of the daily challenges faced by service users, it identifies ways of improving access to mainstream services. © Oxford University Press and Community Development Journal. 2012 All rights reserved.


Skrjabinodon dixoni n. sp. from the large intestine of Uracentron flaviceps (Squamata: Iguanidae) from Peru is described and illustrated. It is also reported in the same host from Ecuador. Skrjabinodon dixoni n. sp. differs from other species assigned to Skrjabinodon by morphology of tail filament and number of tail filament spines.


The increasing number, complexity, and variability of business rules in today's enterprises introduces the need for their effective and flexible management. In several research fields, such as the semantic web, library science, and data tailoring, effective organization of knowledge is enabled by contexts. We previously proposed a static structure model for context-based business rule management. To enable flexibility, we complement this model by atomic and composed modification operations. Each atomic modification operation is associated with one of four roles: rule repository administrator, rule developer, user, and domain expert. This enables effective separation of tasks and responsibilities promoting efficient rule management. Composed modification operations describe combinations of atomic modification operations relevant in practice. We apply the proposed approach to the real-world use case of classifying aeronautical messages.


Background: Episiotomy is a surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during the second stage of labor. It is more prone to an infection that is why it requires wound care and maintenance. Episiotomy can be compared to Chhina Vrana (a kind of Sadhyo Vrana). Durvadi tail a have been mentioned in Yogratnakar as vrana ropak in the treatment of Sadhyo vrana. Aim: Clinical evaluation of the effect of doorvadi taila on wound healing. Method: A total of 61 women for whom episiotomy was given during normal vaginal delivery were randomly selected in a single group. Prakshalan of wound with patol nimbh patra kwath was done followed by local application of doorvadi tail on episiotomy twice a day. Assessment of patients was done on 3rd, 5th and 7th day postpartum on the basis of REEDA scale. Followup of patient was done after two weeks. Result: The study gave significant results. Overall 84.44% patients showed excellent healing, 13.33% showed marked healing and 2.2% showed moderate healing. Conclusion: Durvadi taila was found effective in preventing wound from getting infected and thus promoting wound to heal properly hence can be prescribed as a local healing agent. Keywords: episiotomy, durvadi taila, wound healing Cite this Article Kumari I, Kapil S. A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Durvadi Taila in the management of Muladhar Chedan/Yonikshat w.s.r. to Episiotomy wound. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(3): 8–14p.