This paper aims to introduce a new perspective on literacy (reading and writing) as a result of our ever-changing world, i.e. multiliteracies. In the social setting where information and communication technology is developing rapidly and effective communication requires more than mastering linguistic knowledge, traditional literacy is no longer appropriate. Accordingly, traditional literacy teaching practices are not adequate to meet the needs of the modern society. Therefore, calls for reforms in literacy teaching and learning have been supported in many countries. Functional and Critical pedagogies are being increasingly applied throughout in the world. However, little attention to these pedagogies have been paid in Vietnam. This paper attempts to call for a change in literacy education in Vietnam by introducing contemporary approaches to literacy applied in the world with the purpose of providing teachers with more pedagogical choices in their classrooms in an effort to improve students' literacy competence, which can help them integrate well into the globalized world of knowledge era.
Keywords
Literacy, Multiliteracies, Functional pedagogy, Critical pedagogy
References
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An adaptive fault line detecting method with correlation analysis using energy ratio is proposed based on the features of big capacitance current and high attenuation speed of hybrid transmission lines following single phase earthed fault. Applying wavelet packet decomposition, characteristic waveband of each zero sequence current can be determined by the theory of maximum energy, which can exclude static-component and the other wave band and enhance margin of fault line detection. According to the attenuation speed characteristic wave band of fault line's transient capacitance current is highest, fault line can be detected by comparing relative energy of first 1/4 cycle and last 1/4 cycle during the first cycle after fault. The theoretic analysis and simulations show that, transient characteristic can be enlarged and effect of CT's intermittent angle can be avoided by using relative energy of first 1/4 cycle and last 1/4 cycle in the fist cycle after fault to realize fault line detection, the fault line detecting method is correct and reliable within the distribution network with hybrid transmission lines.


Important differences exist between communities with respect to their needs, capacities, and circumstances. As central governments are not able to discern these differences fully, they seek to achieve their policy objectives by relying on decentralized mechanisms that use local information. However, household and individual characteristics within communities can also vary substantially. A growing theoretical literature suggests that inequality within communities can influence policy outcomes, and that this influence could be harmful or helpful, depending on the circumstances. Empirical investigations into the impact of inequality have, to date, largely been held back by a lack of systematic evidence on community-level inequality. The authors use household survey and population census data to estimate per capita consumption inequality within communities in three developing countries: Ecuador, Madagascar, and Mozambique. Communities are found to vary markedly from one another in terms of the degree of inequality they exhibit. The authors also show that there should be no presumption that inequality is less severe in poor communities. They argue that the kind of community-level inequality estimates generated in this paper can be used in designing and evaluating decentralized antipoverty programs.


Site-specific histopathology features have been reported for acral, auricular, flexural, and genital melanocytic nevi, however, to the best of our knowledge, site- and sex-specific histology of dysplastic nevi on the lower leg (between knee and ankle) of women (DN-LW) has not been reported. In this retrospective histopathology study, we compared DN-LW (N = 42) with appropriate control groups of (1) DN of the lower leg of men (N = 20; DN-LM), (2) DN from the back of women (N = 20), (3) common nevi of the lower leg of women (N = 40), and (4) levels 1-2 superficial spreading melanoma of the lower leg of women (N = 20). Compared with dysplastic nevi on the back, DN-LW were smaller in diameter and exhibited a significantly higher score for pagetoid spread (P < 0.05). DN-LW compared with DN-LM showed sex-specific differences with (1) pagetoid spread (P < 0.05), (2) cytologic atypia (P < 0.05), (3) presence of large melanocytes (P < 0.05), and (4) band-like pigmentation in the dermis underlying the nevus (54% in DN-LW vs. 15% in DN-LM). As with other body sites, the dermatopathologist should be aware that dysplastic nevi occurring on the lower leg in women have site- and sex-specific features. Knowing this profile may lower the risk of misdiagnosing DN-LW and melanoma of the lower leg of women.


Purpose: The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has shown impressive clinical activity alone and in combination with conventional and other novel agents for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Although bortezomib is known to be a selective proteasome inhibitor, the downstream mechanisms of cytotoxicity and drug resistance are poorly understood. However, resistance to bortezomib as a single agent develops in the majority of patients, and activity in other malignancies has been less impressive. To elucidate mechanisms of bortezomib resistance and find the way to overcome bortezomib resistance, we compared differential gene expression profiles of bortezomib-resistant IM-9 and bortezomib-sensitive IM-9 multiple myeloma cell lines in response to bortezomib. Methods: The differential gene expression profiles of bortezomib-resistant IM-9 and bortezomib-sensitive IM-9 multiple myeloma cell lines in response to bortezomib was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip. To confirm the results, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed. Results: At concentrations that effectively inhibited proteasome activity (maximum dose with 100nM), bortezomib induced cell death in bortezomib-sensitive IM-9 cells, but not in bortezomib-resistant IM-9. In comparison of differential gene expression profiles between bortezomib-resistant IM-9 and bortezomib-sensitive IM-9 cells, we showed overexpression of KDM3A and KDM5B, which are associated with chromatin-mediated reversible drug-tolerant state, Moreover, CD200, CD69, and IGF1R, which are associated with cancer stem cells, were overexpressed in bortezomib-resistant IM-9. Conclusion: Histone lysine-specific demethylase inhibitors as combination with bortezomib may be useful for overcoming bortezomib-resistance. Moreover, cancer stem cell antigen such as CD200, CD69, and IGF1R may also become molecular targets against bortezomib-resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C32.


Abstract The increasing error susceptibility of semiconductor devices has put reliability in the focus of modern design methodologies. Low-level techniques alone cannot economically tackle this problem. Instead, counter measures on all system layers from device and circuit up to the application are required. As these counter measures are not for free, orchestrating them across different layers to achieve optimum trade-offs for the application wrt. reliability but also cost, timeliness, or energy consumption becomes a challenge. This typically requires a combination of analysis techniques to quantify the achieved reliability and optimization techniques that search for the best combination of counter measures. This work presents five recent approaches for application-aware cross-layer reliability optimization from within the embedded domain. Moreover, the Resilience Articulation Point (RAP) as a concept cooperatively developed to model errors across different layers is discussed. The developed approaches are showcased via applications, ranging from MIMO systems to distributed embedded control applications.


Background HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSW) in various districts of Andhra Pradesh (AP), Karnataka (KA), Maharashtra (MH), Tamil Nadu (TN) ranged between 8 and 26%, 10 and 34%, 6 and 38%, 2 and 13%, respectively, in 2005–2006. The duration of selling or buying sex has been suggested as a key determinant that may explain ecological difference in HIV prevalence. Thus, we estimated FSW duration across geographically distinct districts and assessed its impact on HIV transmission. Methods Cross-sectional FSW survey data from 23 districts of MH, TN, KA, AP (2005–2006) (IBBA), collected as part of the evaluation of Avahan, the India AIDS initiative, were used to estimate FSW duration (crude duration=difference between age at survey and age of entry into sex work). "Corrected" durations that adjust for the censored nature of the data (as FSW are still in sex work) were estimated for FSW using a birth-and-death dynamical model (with 9 duration compartments) fitted by maximum likelihood to each district-specific FSW IBBA duration distribution. A deterministic model of HIV transmission among FSW/clients was parameterized/fitted to Belgaum IBBA data with crude FSW duration of 9.6 years for FSW. FSW duration was thereafter varied between 1and 33 years to assess its influence on model HIV prevalence, for different assumed client duration (4–17 years). Each individual leaving was replaced by a new susceptible person. Results Mean crude FSW durations ranged between 3.7 and 9.6 (median 3–7) years across districts compared to 4.3 (Bangalore, Thane street-based) and 12.5 (Belgaum) after correction. District average corrected durations tended to be shorter for TN (6 years) and longer for MH (9 years). Within-district differences (ratios) between corrected and crude durations ranged between 0.5 and 3 years (1.1–1.3-fold). Observed differences in FSW duration across districts had a modest impact on FSW/client HIV prevalence if duration exceeded 9 years (Abstract P2-S2.16 figure 1), independently of client duration. The impact of FSW duration below 3 years on FSW/client HIV was critical. FSW/client HIV prevalence was more sensitive to variation in client duration exceeding 9 years (Abstract P2-S2.16 figure 1). Abstract P2-S2.16 Figure 1 Conclusions Crude duration may underestimate FSW duration by up to 32%. This level of error is unlikely to influence FSW HIV prevalence projections. Large variation in HIV across districts is unlikely to be explained by FSW duration alone if exceeding 9 years but could be potentially be explained by variation in client duration.


Background: Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases that are expressed in a variety of tissues. Several JAK-controlled cytokine receptor pathways are incriminated in the initiation and progression of psoriasis. Genetic polymorphisms influencing JAK expression would be anticipated to have a great impact on disease activity. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between JAK1 rs310241 and JAK3 rs3008 polymorphisms and the risk of developing psoriasis. Methods: Blood samples of 150 patients and 120 controls were screened for nucleotide polymorphisms in JAK1 rs310241 and JAK3 rs3008 genes by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Results: The GG genotype of the JAK1 rs310241 and JAK3 rs3008 genes was significantly associated with an increase in psoriasis risk (p = 0.000, OR = 7.7, 95% CI = 2.8–21.5; p = 0.003, OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.5–6.9, respectively). The G allele of both genes was also associated with psoriasis susceptibility (p = 0.000, OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–2.8; p = 0.002, OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2–2.4, respectively). Conclusion: The results indicate a possible association between JAK1 rs310241 and JAK3 rs3008 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to psoriasis. These findings validate the importance of these molecules in psoriasis and may enable the identification of the individuals most susceptible to the disease.


This study conducts a high-frequency technical analysis of individual stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. We propose novel technical rules that derive the timing of trades according to traditional systemic risks—such as shock-propagation, quote-stuffing, and tail risks—measured by auto- and cross-correlations in order flows, quote-to-trade ratios, and CoVaRs. We demonstrate that both price-based technical strategies—commonly used in technical analysis such as moving average rules—and the newly proposed rules can exploit the significantly superior performance to the buy-and-hold rule when we trade volatile momentum or trend-reversal stocks of small-sized firms. Accordingly, this study improves stock price forecasts in high-frequency trading. Our results suggest that historic prices and systemic risk indicators assist in the risk management and portfolio choices of stock investors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the superior trading performance of individual stocks using a high-frequency technical analysis—even after considering data-snooping bias and transaction costs.


Now-a-days mobile is part of our daily life. So mobile browsing is becoming popular issue day by day. Today most web pages are written in HTML. Mobile Browsers are optimized for displaying web content. It has low-memory capacity and low-bandwidth. So, mobile browser cannot render all html documents in its limited area. Specific information of particular web page needs to visualize for mobile users. So the effective conversion from HTML to WML becomes a key issue for reducing tedious work. In this technique, not only convert static content, but also some sort of dynamic content will be converted and it improved the conversion effectively in speed and accurate rate, whilst presented the useful information conveniently to the users.


Experimental characterization of plasma properties along the magnetic nozzle of an electron cyclotron resonance thruster is presented here. A permanent magnet (PM) prototype and a solenoid prototype are tested, whose main difference relies on the magnetic field strength and topology. A cylindrical Langmuir probe is used to measure plasma potential, plasma density and electron temperature. In the PM thruster setup, a laser induced fluorescence diagnostics is performed simultaneously with the Langmuir probe to measure the mean ion kinetic energy, and a Faraday gridded probe to characterize the angular plasma beam. An effective electron cooling rate has been identified, as well as the dependence of the total plasma potential drop with the mass flow rate. Results are compared with a supersonic collisionless fluid-kinetic 1D model where electron dynamics account for magnetic mirror effects and potential barriers, while ions are treated as a fluid cold species. The comparison allows to estimate the sonic transition of the plasma flow.


RFID technology has been widely applied in a range of applications such as inventory control, warehouse management and supply chain logistics. Many practical applications need to search a given set of tags (called wanted tags) to determine which of them are present in the system, which is usually called tag searching. Existing tag searching protocols suffer performance bottleneck and the time efficiency and need to be improved. The bottleneck stems from two factors. First, the existing methods validate the wanted tags in a random way due to the randomness of the hash function, which unavoidably generate many useless slots. Second, in order to achieve the predefined reliability requirement, the existing methods have to repeatedly validate target tags multiple times. In this paper, we design new tag searching techniques of compact exclusive validation that break through the existing performance bottleneck from two aspects. First, our protocols avoid slot waste. Different from random tag validation, our protocols validate tags orderly by mapping the wanted tags and the slots in a one-to-one manner, which makes the reader be able to validate tags in every slot. Second, our protocols avoid repeated tag responding. By combining two lightweight indicators, we rapidly filter out non-wanted tags so that there is no interference when validating the wanted tags. Hence, we need to validate each wanted tag only once, which avoids redundant validation and greatly improves time efficiency. Our protocols work with the assumption that the rough number of tags in the system can be obtained by using existing estimation algorithms, but they do not need to know exactly which tags are in the system. Theoretical analysis illustrates our methods achieve linear time complexity. Extensive experimental results show that, our best protocol can improve the time efficiency by up to 81 percent when compared with the-state-of-art solution.


— the need for large-bandwidth networks is in continuous growth. Such demands are notivated by the continuous development of bandwidth-greedy applications (BGAs) and the desire to have everything on-line. All-optical networks are the most appropriate infrastructure to meet the requirements of bandwidth greedy applications. Three optical switching paradigms are being developed for that purpose. Among these paradigms, Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is seen as a viable solution. However, OBS is yet to be feasible due to high burst loss as a result of contention at the core node which remains the major issue in this technology and it is caused by the lack of matured and cost effective optical memory in the core routers. To address this issue, two categories of OBS have been proposed: Non-slotted OBS and Slotted OBS. In non-slotted OBS, switching is done in wavelength domain while in slotted OBS, switching is performed time domain. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the two categories. The investigation focuses on studying the impact of burst and wavelength parameters on both categories. We have used computer simulation for the study. Simulation results show that, both burst and wavelength parameters do have considerable impact on the performance of the networks and they also show that slotted outperforms non-slotted OBS.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural, political and ideological objectives that led to the issuing of British and Irish literature in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and to analyse the socio-cultural dimensions of the reception of British literature in the GDR between 1949 and 1989. Its purpose is to examine the complicated relationship between the political organisation of the GDR and the prevailing ideology with regards to British and Irish literature. The motivation for this choice of topic derives from a lack of a comprehensive academic work on the subject of the publication and reception of British and Irish literature in the former GDR. The study examines to what degree the function of imported British and Irish literature was to praise Marxism and bring the population of the GDR to a better understanding of socialist ideology. Consequently, English classics—the social novels of prominent 19th century British writers—and those of post-war anti-imperialist, anti-colonial, social realist and modernist British and Irish authors are evaluated with reference to their reception in the GDR. Given the fact that these works were not written to meet the requirements of Socialist Realism, the objective is to assess the reason(s) for their translation and publication in the GDR. This is achieved by tracing the outline of socialist ideology in the political works of the founders of the GDR by examining archival documents; by studying the publications of the GDR's literary critics, scholars, editors and officials; and finally, by analysing the relevance of this to published works of British and Irish literature.Key issues—like the reception of British and Irish literature in socialist society, the relationship between realism and modernism in literature, and the complex relationship between publisher, ideology and cultural politics—are examined by regarding these as more than purely theoretical issues or abstract cultural problems. Instead, these are considered to be social issues that can only be settled at the level of practice. Consequently, in conjunction with socialist ideology, the project examines to what degree East German intellectuals (publishers, censors, scholars and politicians) were bound by both their history and the socialist ideology and culture they wished to establish. It will also consider the extent to which this influenced publication strategies for different genres of British and Irish literature. Additionally, the focus lies on the examination of strategies for the avoidance of conflicts between the ruling party and presiding authorities. The analysis is supported by an evaluation of the relationship between the development of socialist literary theory and the process of cultural transformation in the GDR.A close textual analysis of a large number of British publications (poetry, drama, fiction), and the study of socio-cultural, ideological and political conditions in the GDR, reveals that publication strategies match the course of socio-cultural change. The analysis is based on academic works written by leading (former) East German scholars of literature (Marxist literary critics) as well as on a variety of sources such as historical documents available at archives, censorship reports and contemporary literary scholarship. The study is substantially based on historical sources.


By the method of straining and heat treatment* large crystals were grown in an alloy of aluminium containing 18*6 per cent. zinc. This alloy is very near the limit of solubility of zinc in aluminium, but the microstructure showed it to be a solid solution. The most favourable extension was 1 per cent., with a load of 12*2 tons per square inch. The crystals were not so large as those obtained for pure aluminium, rarely exceeding 2 inches in length and 0*5 inch in diameter. They were frequently covered with a surface layer of smaller crystals of varying size. These were removed by machining. Small test pieces were made varying in length from 1 to 2 inches over the parallel portion and having a diameter of from 0*05 to 0*25 inch. The crystals gave excellent X-ray reflections. The structure appears to be similar to pure aluminium, but has a slightly larger lattice, viz., 4 • 18 A compared o with 4*06 A for pure aluminium. Reflections from both cubic and octahedral planes were obtained. The angles calculated between each pair of planes showed that the crystals had cubic symmetry. The positions of the crystal axes relative to the axes of the test piece were determined both before and after breaking the test pieces. These are shown in fig. 1. The method of obtaining this diagram has already been described.f


A study of degree PR student's satisfaction about UiTM Alor Gajah, Melaka facilities here was commissioned by a comprehensive university to provide a professional evaluation of student. Such a study had not been completed in the past and was needed to align student services with the mission, long-range goals, and strategic planning of the university. The researcher conducted a survey and distributed 94 respondents in UiTM Melaka which consist of PR degree students. The study demonstrated that relationship among UiTM staff as significant factor that effect on the student's academic performance. Result of the research were analyzed and discussed regarding the relationship between satisfaction and academic performance. In this study, the researcher using assimilation theory to describe satisfaction for PR degree students' and the finding from this research showed that satisfaction among UiTM staff being is most significant factor among the three factors.


General formulae on small-signal sound velocity and parameter of nonlinearity B/A of a two-component relaxing mixture in the two limiting cases of very low and very high periods of sound (when the thermal equilibrium between components has enough time to establish or not) are derived. Sound parameters are expressed in the terms of partial derivatives of individual equations of state. For the two cases: the mixture of van der Waals gases and the suspension consisting of the ideal gas and tiny solid or liquid inclusions, sound velocity and parameter of nonlinearity B/A are evaluated as functions of mass concentration of one of the parts. The first example concerns to the mixtures consisting of oxygen and helium, and the second one to the suspension of air and graphite and the water fog. General conclusions about acoustic features of the two-component mixtures under very high and low frequencies are drawn out.


Abstract Optimizing joint stiffness through appropriate muscular activation is crucial for maintaining stability and preventing injury. Conditioning techniques may affect joint stability by increasing joint stiffness and altering neuromuscular control; however no studies have assessed this in a controlled setting. Fifteen endurance athletes, 12 power athletes, and 15 control subjects sat on a stiffness device that generated a rapid knee flexion perturbation and were instructed to react to the perturbation. Main outcome measures included short-range (0–4°) and long range (0–40°) stiffness and muscle activation from quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Stiffness results revealed greater short-range stiffness in endurance athletes (0.057 ± 0.012 Nm/deg/kg) than controls (0.047 ± 0.008 Nm/deg/kg, p = 0.021); while passive long-range stiffness was greater in power (0.0020 ± 0.001 nm/deg/kg) than endurance athletes (0.0016 ± 0.001 nm/deg/kg, p = 0.016). Endurance athletes had greater reactive stiffness (0.051 ± 0.017 nm/deg/kg) than control (0.033 ± 0.011 nm/deg/kg, p = 0.001) and power (0.037 ± 0.015 nm/deg/kg, p = 0.044) groups. Endurance athletes also displayed greater quadriceps activity during passive and reactive conditions (p < 0.050) compared to power athletes and controls. These findings suggest that power-based training history may be associated with greater passive joint stiffness across the full range of motion, while endurance-based training could positively influence reactive muscular characteristics, as well as resting muscle tone. These unique variations in stiffness regulation could be beneficial to programmes for prevention and rehabilitation of joint injury.


In 81 cases of toxoplasmosis in patients with neoplasia, collagen-vascular disorders, and organ allografts, the clinical manifestations were highly variable but neurologic syndromes consistent with diffuse encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, or cerebral mass lesions predominated. Many concomitant infections with DNA viruses were seen. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was not made until postmortem examination in most cases. Biopsy of lymph nodes or brain and serologic tests needed for definitive diagnosis were done infrequently. Twenty patients received antitoxoplasma chemotherapy (pyrimethamine and sulfonamide), 16 (80%) showing marked clinical improvement or complete remission. In immunosuppressed hosts disseminated toxoplasmosis appears to result from defects in cellular immunity that permit recrudescence of latent infection. Because cell-mediated immunity to Toxoplasma gondii can be enhanced in animals by administration of adjuvants, immunotherapy may become a useful adjunct to chemotherapy in immunoincompetent humans suffering potentially lethal infection.


The neural representation of directional heading is conveyed by head direction (HD) cells located in an ascending circuit that includes projections from the lateral mammillary nuclei (LMN) to the anterodorsal thalamus (ADN) to the postsubiculum (PoS). The PoS provides return projections to LMN and ADN and is responsible for the landmark control of HD cells in ADN. However, the functional role of the PoS projection to LMN has not been tested. The present study recorded HD cells from LMN after bilateral PoS lesions to determine whether the PoS provides landmark control to LMN HD cells. After the lesion and implantation of electrodes, HD cell activity was recorded while rats navigated within a cylindrical arena containing a single visual landmark or while they navigated between familiar and novel arenas of a dual-chamber apparatus. PoS lesions disrupted the landmark control of HD cells and also disrupted the stability of the preferred firing direction of the cells in darkness. Furthermore, PoS lesions impaired the stable HD cell representation maintained by path integration mechanisms when the rat walked between familiar and novel arenas. These results suggest that visual information first gains control of the HD cell signal in the LMN, presumably via the direct PoS → LMN projection. This visual landmark information then controls HD cells throughout the HD cell circuit.


The parasitic protozoan Leishmania is the etiological agent of human leishmaniasis worldwide. It undergoes cellular differentiation from the sandfly promastigote form into amastigotes within mammalian macrophages, a process that is essential for its intracellular survival. Here, we characterized the Leishmania infantum PERK eIF2alpha kinase homologue and addressed its role in the parasite's cytodifferentiation. We show that Leishmania PERK is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein that largely colocalizes with the ER BiP chaperone. The Leishmania PERK catalytic kinase domain undergoes autohyperphosphorylation and phosphorylates the translation initiation factor 2‐alpha subunit (eIF2alpha) in vitro at threonine 166. We also report that PERK is post‐translationally regulated specifically in the intracellular stage of the parasite or under ER stress, most likely through extensive autohyperphosphorylation. We have generated a PERK dominant negative mutant overexpressing a truncated PERK protein lacking the N‐terminal luminal domain and showed that this mutant is impaired in eIF2alpha phosphorylation in response to ER stress or during amastigote differentiation. Most importantly, we showed that lack of eIF2alpha phosphorylation markedly delays the Leishmania differentiation process towards amastigote forms both in parasites grown axenically or within macrophages. These data highlight the importance of PERK eIF2alpha kinase‐dependent eIF2alpha phosphorylation in the intracellular development of Leishmania.


Based on a comprehensive reading of his entire work, in this book Jens Zimmermann presents Bonhoeffer's theological ethos as a Christian humanism, that is, as an understanding of the gospel rooted in apostolic and patristic writers who believed God to have renewed humanity in the incarnation. The heartbeat of Bonhoeffer's Christianity that unifies and motivates his theological writing, his preaching, and his political convictions, including his opposition to the Nazi regime, is the conviction that Christianity as participation in the new humanity established by Christ is about becoming fully human by becoming Christlike. In eight chapters, the author details Bonhoeffer's humanistic theology following from this incarnational starting point: a Christ-centered anthropology that shows a deep kinship with patristic Christology, a hermeneutically structured theology, an ethic focused on Christ-formation, a biblical hermeneutic centered on God's transforming presence, and a theological politics aimed at human flourishing. In offering a comprehensive reading of his theology as Christian humanism, Zimmermann not only places Bonhoeffer in the context of the patristic and greater Christian tradition but also makes apparent the relevance of Bonhoeffer's thought for a number of contemporary concerns: hermeneutic theory, the theological interpretation of the Bible, the relation of reason to faith, the importance of natural law, and the significance of religion for secular societies. Bonhoeffer turns out to be a Christian humanist and a modern theologian who models the deeply orthodox and yet ecumenical, expansive Christianity demanded by our time.


In a smart grid environment some customers employ third-party meters and terminals for integrity verification of the smart meter power measurements reported by the electric utility company. We address the security issues that may arise under the presence of a third-party wireless terminal. In this paper we consider a rate-distortion perspective that contrasts the Slepian-Wolf distortionless coding approach recently presented by Varodayan and Gao [1] for integrity verification through redundant metering. We show that through the use of a limited secret key, we can impose a certain minimum distortion on the eavesdropper, while enabling the wireless terminal to retrieve the measurements losslessly with high probability. We highlight the advantages of our approach.


Inferring programs which generate 2D and 3D shapes is important for reverse engineering, enabling shape editing, and more. Supervised learning is hard to apply to this problem, as paired (program, shape) data rarely exists. Recent approaches use supervised pre-training with randomly-generated programs and then refine using self-supervised learning. But self-supervised learning either requires that the program execution process be differentiable or relies on reinforcement learning, which is unstable and slow to converge. In this paper, we present a new approach for learning to infer shape programs, which we call latent execution self training (LEST). As with recent prior work, LEST starts by training on randomly-generated (program, shape) pairs. As its name implies, it is based on the idea of self-training: running a model on unlabeled input shapes, treating the predicted programs as ground truth latent labels, and training again. Self-training is known to be susceptible to local minima. LEST circumvents this problem by leveraging the fact that predicted latent programs are executable: for a given shape $\mathbf{x}^* \in S^*$ and its predicted program $\mathbf{z} \in P$, we execute $\mathbf{z}$ to obtain a shape $\mathbf{x} \in S$ and train on $(\mathbf{z} \in P, \mathbf{x} \in S)$ pairs, rather than $(\mathbf{z} \in P, \mathbf{x}^* \in S^*)$ pairs. Experiments show that the distribution of executed shapes $S$ converges toward the distribution of real shapes $S^*$. We establish connections between LEST and algorithms for learning generative models, including variational Bayes, wake sleep, and expectation maximization. For constructive solid geometry and assembly-based modeling, LEST's inferred programs converge to high reconstruction accuracy significantly faster than those of reinforcement learning.


The purpose of the study was to describe the technique and the clinical results of the modified extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) with a lateral approach to the hip. This osteotomy differs from those previously described, as it preserves the posterior part of the greater trochanter and its attached external rotators, the aim of this modification being to minimize the rate of hip dislocation. We reviewed the results of 105 extended sliding trochanteric osteotomies performed between January 2000 to January 2008. The indication for surgery was aseptic loosening in 83 cases, periprosthetic fractures in 10 cases, stem fracture in 5 cases, infection in 5 cases and instability in 2 cases. Minimum follow up was 20 months (mean, 65; range, 20–120 months). Mean length of the osteotomy was 17.6 cm (range, 9–30 cm). Mean Harris hip score improved from 39 points preoperatively to 73 at last follow up. Six stems (6%) needed revision for loosening. There was one case (1%) of osteotomy nonunion, and one case (1%) of greater trochanteric fragment nonunion and escape. Four patients (4%) dislocated postoperatively. In conclusion, our series of ETOs reveals a low dislocation rate achieved by preservation of the attachment of the external rotators and posterior capsule, and exhibits a union rate comparable to that of other series. We recommend the use of ETO in revision surgery of cemented stems and cementless well fixed distal ingrowth stems.


Interpretation of the concentration of a drug is more difficult when a combination of drugs is present in a decedent's blood. An increase in deaths resulting from co-intoxication with methadone and a benzodiazepine led the authors to perform a retrospective study of cases examined at the Jefferson County Coroner/Medical Examiner Office. They found 101 deaths wherein methadone was detected in the blood. Based on the drugs detected in the blood, these 101 cases were grouped into four categories: (1) pure methadone intoxication, (2) intoxication with methadone and benzodiazepine, (3) intoxication with methadone and other drugs excluding benzodiazepine, and (4) intoxication with methadone, benzodiazepines, and other drugs. Methadone was the sole intoxicant in 15 cases, with a mean concentration of 0.27 mg/L. Benzodiazepines were the most frequently detected co-intoxicant (60 of 101 cases). Benzodiazepine was the only co-intoxicant in 30 cases, and the mean methadone concentration in those 30 cases was 0.599 mg/L. Higher levels of methadone may occur in acute intoxication with methadone and benzodiazepine because benzodiazepines compete with methadone for methadone receptors. Higher levels of methadone may occur with chronic abuse of methadone and benzodiazepines because over time, benzodiazepines inhibit the hepatic enzymes that metabolize methadone.


Abstract Personality integration and self-realisation in the global economy and coevolution with multilingual cultural environment of sustainable learning society by means of technologies actualise the paradigm shift in science, and create the necessity for transdisciplinary research to resolve the problem of transformation of the system of values in the context of acquisition of languages. The research aims to create a holistic model of autonomous learning for English acquisition in blended environment of e-studies in the context of adult non-formal education. The research is done on the basis of the holistic paradigm of the science. Holistic methodology is used for investigation of the holistic system. The research resulted in creating the holistic model and working out the recommendations to facilitate of the transformation of the system of values of participants at the programmes of English acquisition of adult non-formal education. The results of the research are significant for developing the concept of autonomous learning.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The role of ablative treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer management has been evolving over the years. After its introduction in clinical practice, the use of postsurgical radioiodine treatment was generalized to almost every patient with differentiated thyroid cancer, with the exception of unifocal microcarcinomas. However, in the last decade several studies questioned its benefit in low- and intermediate-risk patients. Areas covered: In this review we discuss the role of postsurgical radioiodine treatment at the present time. Expert commentary: Although there is general consensus about the recommendation for very low-risk (microcarcinomas) and high-risk patients – no indication for routine postoperative radioiodine and clear indication for radioiodine treatment, respectively, the recommendation for low- and intermediate-risk patients is still under debate. The most recent guidelines from the American Thyroid Association make a statement against routine postoperative radioiodine in both low- and intermediate-risk cases, recommending an individualized approach that takes into consideration the risk of disease persistence or recurrence after surgery. We consider that these recommendations are in accordance with the best evidence available today, and we would like to emphasize that radioiodine is generally favored for most intermediate-risk patients, especially in the presence of extensive lymph node disease or older age.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a novel age-related risk factor for cardiovascular disease–related morbidity and mortality. The association of CHIP with risk of incident ischemic stroke was reported previously in an exploratory analysis including a small number of incident stroke cases without replication and lack of stroke subphenotyping. The purpose of this study was to discover whether CHIP is a risk factor for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: We utilized plasma genome sequence data of blood DNA to identify CHIP in 78 752 individuals from 8 prospective cohorts and biobanks. We then assessed the association of CHIP and commonly mutated individual CHIP driver genes (DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1) with any stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. Results: CHIP was associated with an increased risk of total stroke (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.03–1.27]; P=0.01) after adjustment for age, sex, and race. We observed associations with CHIP with risk of hemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.01–1.51]; P=0.04) and with small vessel ischemic stroke subtypes. In gene-specific association results, TET2 showed the strongest association with total stroke and ischemic stroke, whereas DMNT3A and TET2 were each associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions: CHIP is associated with an increased risk of stroke, particularly with hemorrhagic and small vessel ischemic stroke. Future studies clarifying the relationship between CHIP and subtypes of stroke are needed.


We report the polymerisation of isobutene with the intramolecular aryl stabilised zirconocene cations [eta(5)-Cp-(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)-CMe(2)C(6)H(4)Me)ZrMe](+) (3), [(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)-CMe(2)C(6)H(4)Me)(2)ZrMe](+) (4) and dication [(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)-CMe(2)C(6)H(4)Me)(2)Zr](2+) (5) (Cp = C(5)H(5)) which were generated in situ by the reaction of the corresponding dimethyl compound with the cation generating agent (CGA) B(C(6)F(5))(3). Whereas the cationic compounds gave polyisobutene in moderate yields, the dicationic compound gave polyisobutene in excellent yields and high molecular weight. Computational studies of the cationic and dicationic compounds were undertaken to ascertain the nature of the cationic initiator. Judging from natural charges and bond critical points, the coordinated monomer is more strongly polarised in the case of the dication 5, compared with the monocation 3. Furthermore, in the case of the cationic compound 3, decomposition into the allylic compound was computed. We found that the activation barrier of this process is 103.3 kJ mol(-1), which is too high for a direct C-H activation by the Zr-Me group.


The present study was undertaken to evaluate the leaf extracts of Carica papaya (Linn.) on hematologic and biochemical changes occurring due to irradiation of mice to sub-lethal doses of Electron Beam Radiation (EBR). The immunomodulatory response of C. papaya (Linn.) extract to the radiological effects by determining the levels of interleukin-6. The serum total antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and the biochemical changes in liver and kidney function were assessed. Reduction in the hematological parameters like hemoglobin, RBC, WBC and platelets were seen in the irradiated groups compared to the control group. The elevated serum malondialdehyde levels indicate increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione levels and total antioxidant capacity suggest prominent oxidative stress in the irradiated groups. C. papaya (Linn.) (pre-treatment + radiation) treated groups have shown significant improvements in the hematological parameters. Reduction in the malondialdehyde levels and increased reduced glutathione levels indicate amelioration of the oxidative stress. There is decrease in the cytogenetic damages in the C.papaya (Linn.) (pre-treatment + radiation) treated groups compared to the radiation control. Significant changes were seen in the interleukin-6 levels of C. papaya (Linn.) (pre-treatment + radiation) treated groups indicate enhanced immune response compared to the irradiation control groups. The results indicate that the C. papaya (Linn.) aqueous extracts play a protective role in radiation induced hematological and antioxidant suppression. Also it enhances membrane stabilization and reduces cytogenetic damages.


The behavior of distance relays during system oscillations is analyzed in this paper, and curves are presented for determining whether the oscillations are likely to cause relay operation. Different types of distance relays are considered and general methods of analyzing system conditions are discussed.


Many antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) currently in clinical trials employ maleimide-containing drug-linkers which are conjugated to antibody cysteine residues to form thiosuccinimide linkages. It is now known that these thiosuccinimide linkages can undergo two competing reactions while in plasma: elimination of the maleimide resulting in undesirable loss of drug from the ADC, and hydrolysis of the thiosuccinimide ring resulting in a succinic acid derivative which cannot undergo elimination. Thus, thiosuccinimide ring hydrolysis is a reaction which stabilizes the chemical linkage of the drug to the antibody. We have engineered a new class of drug-linkers which incorporate a basic amino group adjacent to the maleimide, providing intramolecular base catalysis of the ring hydrolysis. This basic group induces the thiosuccinimide to undergo rapid self-catalyzed hydrolysis at neutral pH and room temperature, with complete hydrolysis achieved in less than 2 hours. Once hydrolyzed, the drug-linker is no longer subject to maleimide elimination reactions, preventing loss of drug from the antibody by this mechanism and forming a highly stable ADC. To compare these new drug-linkers to traditional maleimido drug-linkers, a number of in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted. Results of these studies will be presented to demonstrate a robust improvement in drug-linker stability compared to traditional drug-linker formats. Citation Format: Robert P. Lyon, Jocelyn R. Setter, Tim D. Bovee, Svetlana O. Doronina, Martha E. Anderson, Chris L. Leiske, Peter D. Senter. Self-stabilizing ADCs: antibody-drug conjugates prepared with maleimido drug-linkers that catalyze their own thiosuccinimide ring hydrolysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4333. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4333


In Bangladesh, one third of the total child death burden is due to diarrhea. Every year, a rural child suffers on average from 4.6 episodes of diarrhea, from which about 230,000 children die. In this study, information was collected from 8,287 children under five years of age and 7,082 caretakers in 120 clusters chosen by a two-stage random cluster sampling method. As compared to the baseline survey, carried out in 1996, children now are about 30% less likely to suffer from diarrhea, and the risk of dying has been reduced by 60%. Although the 2-weeks prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) has risen from 39% (1996) to 46% and that of Acute Respiratory Infections needing assessment (ANA) from 12.4% to 16.9%, now more caretakers (59.9%) than in 1996 (56.7%) are able to identify correctly danger signs for seeking care and 58.4% (1996: 46.6%) of parents seek help when danger signs are present. Similar for diarrhea and ARI, village doctors and traditional healers are most frequently sought for help by caretakers; government health centers and hospitals are sought to a much lesser degree. Since 1996, intervention activities were implemented for four years in the study area using an IEC strategy. This strategy included raising awareness and training of health personnel, NGO personnel and village volunteers, especially women. Diarrhea issues were included in school health education with emphasis on practical exercises of diarrhea management. For all target groups (health personnel, village volunteers, NGOs, mothers and school children) specific education material was developed and deployed. In the political arena, women leaders who are part of the local government were included in an awareness-raising campaign. The results of the study undertaken over four years later show that in a relatively short time behavior of mostly poor and illiterate caretakers can be changed leading to a significant reduction of ARI mortality and diarrhea morbidity, and mortality in children.


Patients suffering from hepatic cirrhosis develop renal tubular acidosis when subjected to an acid overload. This is characterised by a fall in plasma pH and bicarbonate and by inability of the kidney to lower urine pH and to excrete a sufficient quantity of protons in the form of titratable acidy and ammonia. This disturbance is difficult to explain. It may form part of the picture of the classical functional renal insufficiency of the cirrhotic and may be a particular result of altered renal haemodynamics. Detected by the acidification test, this abnormality may be demonstrated in the absence of any other involvement of renal function. The severity of this renal tubular acidosis would appear to be related to the degree of hepatic disease.


Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles necessary for numerous cellular signaling and regulatory processes. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, trafficked and anchored to subcellular sites depending upon the cellular and tissue requirements. Precise localization of mitochondria to apical and basolateral membranes in lung epithelial cells is important for key mitochondrial processes. Miro1 is an outer mitochondrial membrane GTPase that associates with adapter proteins and microtubule motors to promote intracellular movement of mitochondria. We show that deletion of Miro1 in lung epithelial cells leads to perinuclear clustering of mitochondria. However, the role of Miro1 in epithelial cell response to allergic insults remains unknown. We generated a conditional mouse model to delete Miro1 in Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP) positive lung epithelial cells to examine the potential roles of Miro1 and mitochondrial trafficking in the lung epithelial response to the allergen, house dust mite (HDM). Our data show that Miro1 suppresses epithelial induction and maintenance of the inflammatory response to allergen, as Miro1 deletion modestly induces increases in pro-inflammatory signaling, specifically IL-6, IL-33, CCL20 and eotaxin levels, tissue reorganization, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, loss of Miro1 in CCSP+ lung epithelial cells blocks resolution of the asthmatic insult. This study further demonstrates the important contribution of mitochondrial dynamic processes to the airway epithelial allergen response and the pathophysiology of allergic asthma.


ABSTRACT Objective Although bullying involvement has been associated with adolescent substance use, most of this evidence comes from high-income countries. Little is known about substance use among perpetrator-victims in low- and middle-income countries. This study explores the association between types of bullying involvement and adolescent substance use in Brazil. Methods Data for this cross-sectional study came from the 2015 Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar [National Adolescent School-based Health Survey] (PeNSE), a nationwide school-based survey of Brazilian ninth graders. Substance use was analyzed as any substance use (i.e., use of alcohol, cigarettes, or marijuana in the previous 30 days) and substance co-use (i.e., use of all three substances). Logistic regression analyses were conducted, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated, adjusting for demographic characteristics and student loneliness. Results Odds of any substance use for bullying perpetrators-only and for perpetrator-victims, respectively, were significantly higher compared to no bullying involvement (aOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 2.71-3.30 and aOR = 2.52, 95% CI = 2.31-2.75). Adjusted odds of substance co-use were also significantly higher among perpetrators-only and perpetrator-victims (aOR = 4.04, 95% CI = 3.05-5.35 and aOR = 3.49, 95% CI = 2.71-4.51, respectively). Victimization-only was associated with a 14% increase in the odds of any substance use (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07-1.22). Conclusions The results underscore the complex relationship between adolescent bullying involvement and substance use. Findings also indicate the type of bullying involvement, as well as demographic and psychological factors, should be taken into consideration when assessing adolescent health-risk behaviors.


Primary windings of transformers are fed with alternating sinusoidal voltage, but often this voltage contains small DC offset
due to unsymmetrical voltage levels. To emulate such working conditions in a controlled environment (Epstein frame) the excitation
waveforms were emulated as a DC voltage superimposed on an AC waveform. This resulted in non symmetrical excitation of
the core steel. The harmful effects of this type of excitation on magnetising current, power loss and the B-H characteristics of the
steel are shown.


We present a new method for extracting the condensate fraction from deep inelastic neutron scattering studies of superfluid helium. This method employs a model for the momentum distribution that incorporates the known limiting behavior from many-body theories and takes into account final-state effects present in deep inelastic neutron scattering measurements. We apply this procedure to deep inelastic neutron scattering measurements of helium over a wide range of temperatures and densities in the superfluid, normal liquid, and solid phases.


In conventional optical data transmission schemes, electrical filters and/or optical filters are used to improve the quality of system performance. In this paper, improved design of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical systems is achieved by using a selective electrical filter assignment method. The methodology objective is to optimize system design and mitigate the effects of fiber nonlinearities through the use of electrical filters. A feature of this scheme is that it selectively inserts or deletes lowpass filters (LPFs) within the transmission link. Using the selective filter assignment (SFA) process in conjunction with non-return to zero (NRZ) and optical soliton signaling formats, the overall system performance of DWDM networks is shown to be improved.


The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of Environmental Concern (EC) and Perceived Consumer Effectiveness (PCE) on the behavior of Green Purchasing. Survey with questionnaire instrument involving 299 respondents and using the structural equation model found the skeptical attitude towards direct effect on EC and PCE. PCE becomes a full-fledged mediating role in the influence of consumer skepticism toward advertising and consumer's green purchasing behavior, unlike the EC that cannot mediate those relationships.


The increasing interest in esthetics and the subsequent need to solve related problems such as dentin hypersensitivity and root caries have favored the development of many surgical techniques that permit the coverage of exposed roots. In this case, a 47-year-old female patient presented seeking resolution of dentin hypersensitivity with multiple gingival recessions in the upper anterior region. A coronally positioned flap combined with connective tissue grafting using a single-incision technique was applied to achieve root coverage. The treated site showed improvement of root coverage with reduction of dentin hypersensitivity without any probing defect or significant complication. The single-incision technique may be an option for harvesting of graft material in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions.


In Bayesian Network Regression models, networks are considered the predictors of continuous responses. These models have been successfully used in brain research to identify regions in the brain that are associated with specific human traits, yet their potential to elucidate microbial drivers in biological phenotypes for microbiome research remains unknown. In particular, microbial networks are challenging due to their high-dimension and high sparsity compared to brain networks. Furthermore, unlike in brain connectome research, in microbiome research, it is usually expected that the presence of microbes have an effect on the response (main effects), not just the interactions. Here, we develop the first thorough investigation of whether Bayesian Network Regression models are suitable for microbial datasets on a variety of synthetic data that was generated under realistic biological scenarios. We test whether the Bayesian Network Regression model that accounts only for interaction effects (edges in the network) is able to identify key drivers in phenotypic variability (microbes). We show that this model is indeed able to identify influential nodes and edges in the microbial networks that drive changes in the phenotype for most biological settings, but we also identify scenarios where this method performs poorly which allows us to provide practical advice for domain scientists aiming to apply these tools to their datasets. Finally, we implement the model in a publicly available Julia package at https://github.com/solislemuslab/BayesianNetworkRegression.jl.


To develop a durable proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel‐cell applications, a series of sulfonated poly(benzoxazole thioether sulfone)s ( SPTESBOs) are designed and synthesized, with anticipated good dimensional stability (via acid–base cross linking), improved oxidative stability against free radicals (via incorporation of thioether groups), and enhanced inherent stability (via elimination of unstable end groups) of the backbone. The structures and the degree of sulfonation of the copolymers are characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 19F NMR). The electrochemical stabilities of the monomers are examined using cyclic voltammetry in a typical three‐electrode cell configuration. The physicochemical properties of the membranes vital to fuel‐cell performance are also carefully evaluated under conditions relevant to fuel‐cell operation, including chemical and thermal stability, proton conductivity, solubility in different solvents, water uptake, and swelling ratio. The new membranes exhibit low dimensional change at 25°C to 90°C and excellent thermal stability up to 250°C. Upon elimination of unstable end groups, the co‐polymers display enhanced chemical resistance and oxidative stability in Fenton's test. Further, the SPTESBO‐HFB‐60 (HFB‐60=hexafluorobenzene, 60 mol% sulfone) membrane displays comparable fuel‐cell performance to that of an NRE 212 membrane at 80°C under fully humidified condition, suggesting that the new membranes have the potential to be more durable but less expensive for fuel‐cell applications.


The purpose of this study is to research characteristics of costume which is expressed in Gustav Klimt`s Paintings. In the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20century Vienna, considered to be the fashion Mecca after Paris, the creativity of such artists allowed the `Anti-Fashion Movement` to set itself up against the frippery of the costume of the time. The Secession Movement received the effect of Art Nouveau and Symbolism and Klimt led of this movement as a forerunner in Vienna. Many women appealed in Klimt`s Painting with unique costume which contrast to traditional fashion that period time. The characteristics of costume in his paintings are as follows. Firstly, Klimt drew in the women`s costume which made by designers of Vienna Workshops, at one of motive of his work of art. Costume got a opportunity became a new art field, because there was no conceptual thinking of a fashion designer at that time. Secondly, the costume of Klimt` paintings had both anti-fashion design and elements of fashion, so he gained considerable support from leaders of high fashion who was the upper classes. Thirdly, both anti-fashion and fashion appeared in his painting at first period. Costume which made at the Vienne Workshop appealed portraits of Klimt paints at the second period. Klimt interested in Naturalism, Japonism, Orientalism and Greece style and expressed his characteristic techniques at the last period. Lastly, Klimt liberated the woman from a physical and spirit restriction through his various artistic presentations.


This thesis explores the link between the residence rights of Union citizens and their family members and the Court of Justice of the European Union's development of the concept of Union citizenship. The Court has not approached this development in a predictable or linear fashion, and the cementing of Union citizenship as a status capable of leading to residence rights in the form of Directive 2004/38 made the continuation of a flexible and expansive approach more difficult.

This thesis examines the UK's implementation of both the Citizens' Directive and other EU sources of rights of residence and compares the rights of UK citizens with links to EU law to those without any possibility of relying on EU provisions within the UK. It is contended that Union citizenship has had a greater impact upon rights of residence for Union citizens and their family members than would have been anticipated from either the Treaty provisions or Directive 2004/38.

The importance of EU rights of residence is particularly high in the UK, given the stringent requirements of the Immigration Rules concerning non-EU immigration. Treaty rights can circumvent restrictive UK provisions, and the approach of the UK judiciary in applying EU concepts in cases concerning the UK Immigration Rules is important in this respect.

The fundamental rights implications of the Lisbon Treaty are assessed, and it is argued that the Court's continuing activism in relation to family rights is only in respect of Treaty rights, and that this has not been applied to the new Charter of Fundamental Rights. As such, the Court has failed to link Union citizenship and the Charter, which could have made for a more coherent sense of citizenship within the EU, but instead separates the application of fundamental rights from the unique concept of Union citizenship.


Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act classifies directors of mutual funds and other types of investment companies as either interested or not interested. Under section 10(a) of the Act, directors who are deemed not interested by section 2(a)(19) must comprise at least 40% of the board of a registered investment company, and rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission require a higher percentage. The preceding sections of the Act and rules of the Commission are based on the assumption that only non-interested directors consistently protect the shareholders of investment companies from financial exploitation. The assumption exists even though all directors, regardless of their classification by section 2(a)(19), are subject under state law to the same fiduciary duties and to the same test for determining whether they breached a fiduciary duty. Notably, social science studies on the accuracy of the assumption have reached contradictory conclusions. Because a considerable body of research casts doubt on the effectiveness of law as a mechanism to regulate social behavior in general, the instant article suggests that law manifesting the assumption does not markedly reduce the frequency with which investment company shareholders are financially exploited but, instead, benefits society in ways captured by the concept of social productivity. In particular, the article hypothesizes that such law serves as a symbol of a commitment by society to combating shareholder exploitation and thereby aids in bonding individuals to the society. Such law can also be expected to preserve public trust in, and protect the reputation of, investment companies. Under this reasoning, law on investment companies is important because of its sociological effects, not because of its economic impact.


The cotton leaf roller, Sylepta derogata, is a silk-producing insect pest. While young larvae feed on the underside of leaves, the older ones roll cotton leaves and feed on the leaf edges, which defoliates cotton plants. The larvae produce silk to stabilize the rolled leaf and to balloon from used to new leaves. Despite the significance of silk in the biology of pest insect species, there is virtually no information on the genes involved in their silk production. This is a substantial knowledge gap because some of these genes may be valuable targets for developing molecular pest management technologies. We addressed the gap by posing the hypothesis that silk gland gene expression changes during the transition from larvae to pupae. We tested our hypothesis using RNA-seq to investigate changes in silk gland gene expression at three developmental stages, 5th instar larvae (silk producing; 15,445,926 clean reads), prepupae (reduced silk producing; 13,758,154) and pupae (beyond silk producing; 16,787,792). We recorded 60,298 unigenes and mapped 50,158 (larvae), 48,415 (prepupae) and 46,623 (pupae) of them to the NCBI database. Most differentially expressed genes in the 5th instar larvae/prepupae libraries were relevant to nucleotide synthesis and maintenance of silk gland function. We identified down-regulated transcriptional factors and several genes involved in silk formation in the three libraries and verified the expression pattern of eight genes by qPCR. The developmental- and tissue-specific expression patterns of the fibroin light chain gene showed it was highly expressed during the larval silk-producing stage. We recorded highest expression of this gene in the larval silk gland, compared to other tissues, including midgut, hindgut, epidermis, Malpighian tubes, hemolymph and fat body. These data are a genetic resource to guide selection of key genes that may be targeted for in planta and other gene-silencing technologies for sustainable cotton agriculture.


A 200-300 GHz SIS mixer-preamplifier with an IF bandwidth of 8 GHz is described. The mixer uses Nb/Al-oxide/Nb tunnel junctions in a circuit with low IF capacitance and inductance. The mixer block is designed to mount directly on the body of the 4-12 GHz InP HFET preamplifier and mixer bias is provided through the input circuit of the preamplifier. At a LO frequency of 230 GHz, the mixer-preamp gain is 30-35 dB, and the DSB receiver noise temperature is 45-57 K across the whole IF band. This is the largest instantaneous bandwidth reported to date for an SIS receiver.


Background: Penicillium rubrum is an Ascomycete known to produce the toxic metabolites rubratoxins A and B associated with jaundice and convulsions in infected patients. The fungus is known to contaminate grains and grain products in the tropics. Materials and methods: In this current investigation, sterile fresh bread was inoculated with spore suspensions of approximately 6 x 10 5 spores of isolate per ml of a tropical strain Penicillium rubrum . Incubation was at 25 o C. Extracellular proteins produced were subjected to partial purification by ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialysis. Further purification using gel permeation and ion-exchange chromatography was employed. Results: The proteins produced by Penicillium rubrum in the inoculated medium exhibited α-amylase activity. The molecular weights of the α-amylase fractions obtained and estimated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-100 were approximately 47, 316 Daltons and 15, 849 Daltons. The apparent Michalis-Menten constant (K m ) values for the hydrolysis of starch by the purified α-amylase fractions were approximately 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml and 16 mg/ml. Optimum activities were at 35 o C for all the fractions and were at pH 6.0. The activities of the α-amylase fractions produced by the fungus were stimulated at varying degrees by NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 but inhibited by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). The α-amylase fractions were sensitive to heat, losing all their activities within twenty minutes of heating at 80 o C. Conclusion: Apart from the toxic metabolites rubratoxins produced by Penillium rubrum , the fungus produces α-amylases in contaminated bread at 25 o C in the tropics. These α-amylases are stable at 35 o C and at pH 6.0.


Design of a battery-ultracapacitor semiactive hybrid for powering pulsed current loads is presented in this paper. The semiactive hybrid energy source consists of an ultracapacitor assisted Li-Ion battery, connected to the load via a dc-dc converter. The system is controlled such that the battery is supplying a near-constant current to satisfy the average load demand while the ultracapacitor supplies the dynamic component of the load current. The control algorithm is based on a well-known capacitance-emulating approach. As a result, a high-energy battery can be used despite the high-power load demand spikes. In addition, the battery-load voltage matching is not required and the control algorithm does not require load current sensing. It is shown that the proposed system performance is equivalent to the performance of a passive hybrid, employing a very high nonfeasible capacitance. Moreover, it is revealed that the battery current is independent of the capacitor size, which affects the load voltage ripple only. Extended simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.


A DESCRIPTION OF THE BULLET, BY LIEUT. K. M. WHEELER, R.E. It is a 0.312 Mauser pattern bullet. Its total weight is about 10.6 g. The outer case of the bullet is in two layers, except the noseA the outer layer of hardened iron with copper plating (A), the inner layer of, lead (B); the whole of which encloses, F in the nose of the bullet, a concentration of phosphorus (c) ; and in the main body a brass sleeve containing a detonator (D), of high explosive, actuated by a striker (E). F, F are lead plugs, and G is a safety device. G The total quantity of phosphorus is E the equivalent of 3.254 gr., most of which is in the nose, although some seems to have crept up between the inner and outer skins of the F casing. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Lieut. Wheeler, whose research work largely solved the mystery of the death; to Dr. Claridge for his help and advice; to Dr. John Williams of Messrs. Reckitt and Colman Ltd., who supplied the chemical data; and to my house-surgeon, Mr. W. P. Hirsch, who assisted me at the operation and was responsible for the after-treatment and clinical notes.


The 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxin from Chromatium vinosum has been investigated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. 1H NMR sequence-specific assignments have been obtained for a large majority of the residues. They indicate that the protein folds along a pattern similar to that previously evidenced for shorter 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxins. However, C. vinosum ferredoxin differs from other ferredoxins by the occurrence of a turn in an eight amino acid region separating two successive cysteines, Cys-40 and Cys-49, liganding one cluster. Also, the unique C-terminal end of C. vinosum ferredoxin contains a 10 amino acid alpha-helix which interacts with one side of the above turn. The only cysteine of the sequence not involved in the ligation of the [4Fe-4S] clusters is Cys-57. Specific NMR experiments helped characterizing the signals arising from the ligands of these clusters: most of them display properties reminiscent of those of homologous ferredoxins, except for the signals associated with Cys-40. Despite the general similarity between C. vinosum ferredoxin and other 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxins, the electron paramagnetic resonance and NMR spectra of the former reduced protein are significantly different from those previously observed for S = 1/2 [4Fe-4S]+ clusters. In addition, the intramolecular electron transfer rate in C. vinosum is far slower than in other similar cases. This is the first report of impeded electron exchange between two [4Fe-4S] clusters expected to be less than 12 A apart.


Prepubertal rabbit epiphyseal chondrocytes were grown in high density primary culture for 3 d. They were then incubated for 3 additional d in serum-free culture medium to which bFGF (1-50 ng/ml) was added. During the last 24 h incubation period, either IGF1 (1-80 ng/ml) or Insulin (1-5 micrograms/ml) was added to the culture medium. Chondrocyte DNA was significantly augmented with the increasing concentration of bFGF used, thus confirming its mitogenic effect on chondrocytes. On the other hand, bFGF was also shown to modulate the phenotypic expression of the chondrocytes. The 35S-sulfate incorporation into newly synthesized proteoglycans by the cultured cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner with bFGF concentration used. In addition, chondrocyte collagen gene expression was also shown to be modulated by bFGF. Total RNA extracted from the cultured cells was analyzed by dot blot and Northern blot with cDNA probes encoding for alpha 1 II and alpha 1 I procollagen chains. A significant lower level of type II collagen mRNA, the marker of chondrocytic phenotype, was observed when cells were grown in the presence of bFGF while the level of type I mRNA remained unchanged. When IGF1 or a high concentration of insulin was added to the cells during the last 24 h of incubation with bFGF, sulfated proteoglycan synthesis, as well as collagen type II mRNA level, were significantly stimulated when compared with chondrocytes incubated with bFGF alone. In conclusion, in the present experimental conditions, bFGF appears to be a growth promoting agent for chondrocytes in vitro with dedifferentiating action on chondrocyte phenotype. IGF1 or insulin used at a high concentration can prevent the dedifferentiating effect of bFGF without inhibiting its stimulating effect on chondrocyte DNA synthesis.


The most important primary cause of generalized pulmonary emphysema is in all probability the loss of mechanical stability of the connective tissue framework in the lung parenchyma. The complexity of the interrelations and interdependencies between the fibres and the ground substance, leads to the mapping out of a more detailed outline of the vulnerable parts in a similar framework. It is concluded that the junctions especially constitute weak spots. Glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and proteoglycans particularly hold a key position as cementing substances. The importance of female sex hormones in the metabolism of the ground substance is indicated. A survey is given of the possible threats to a similar system. An attempt is made to disentangle the multitude of possible pathogenetic pathways which lead to emphysematous disintegration. Perspectives of future emphysema research are discussed on the basis of these considerations. Preventive, protective, and reconstructive measures are proposed.


As a typical city in development in China, Yichang is characterized by the booming industry, which calls for an effective way to process data backup. But many problems in both software and hardware exist in current prevalent backup system. We should construct hieratical backup system on the basis of open platform. The essay analyzes the weak and strong points of tape library pattern, NAS pattern, NAS + physical tape library pattern and NAS + tape library + VTL pattern. Different strategies in pattern choices are put forward by focusing on the characteristics of the industry in Yichang.


The phospholipids and fatty acids of two strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae of different penicillin susceptibilities were examined. The phospholipids, which comprise about 8% of the dry weight of the cells, consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (70%) and phosphatidylglycerol (20%); small amounts of phosphatidylcholine and traces of cardiolipin were also present. Growing and stationary-phase cells were similar in content and composition of phospholipids except for phosphatidylcholine, which increased two- to fivefold in the stationary-phase cells. The fatty acids of the phospholipids were characterized by two major acids, palmitic and a C16:1, with myristic and a C18:1 acid present in smaller amounts. The fatty acids present in purified phospholipid fractions varied considerably in relative proportions from fraction to fraction. No significant difference in the composition of phospholipids from the two strains was evident. Large amounts of beta-hydroxy lauric acid were detected only after saponification of the organisms. Differences in the lipid composition between the gonococcus and other gram-negative bacteria are discussed.


1 A wide range of compounds which may be abused by inhalation such as butane, the halons, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and toluene can be detected and identified in blood specimens by means of headspace gas chromatography. Quantitative analysis of a number of the less volatile compounds of interest may also be accomplished . 2 The measurement of the urinary concentrations of benzoic and hippuric acids (metabolites of toluene) and of the toluric acids (metabolites of the xylenes) by high performance liquid chromatography may provide useful information. In general, a hippurate/creatinine ratio of greater than 1 is indicative of recent toluene exposure. 3 Analysis of the product abused by vapor-phase infra-red spectrophotometry and/or gas chromatography may also be valuable, especially since manufacturers' data as to the constituents of a given product are not always accurate. 4 Toxicological analyses can provide clinically valuable diagnostic information where inhalational abuse of volatile substances is suspected, and provide the only unequivocal means of defining the agent(s) abused by a given population.


We give a proof of Pixton's generalized Faber-Zagier relations in the tautological Chow ring of $\overline M_{g,n}$. The strategy is very similar to the work of Pandharipande-Pixton-Zvonkine, who have given a proof of the same result in cohomology. The main tool is the Givental-Teleman classification of semisimple cohomological field theories, which, while in general only known in cohomology, via virtual localization can be shown to be also valid in Chow for the equivariant Gromov-Witten theory of the projective line. We obtain the relations just from this theory.


Background: Women in developing countries usually delay in presenting their symptoms as a part of the early diagnosis program. This study was conducted for analyzing the reason of patient's delay and its relation with socioeconomic and health conditions, knowledge, and women's belief about breast cancer (BC). Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional design in the early detection center in Kurdistan (North Iraq). Women were interviewed about socioeconomic and health background, knowledge, and belief about BC. Results: The median of patient delay in the BC symptomatic women in this study was higher (30 days) as compared with developed countries. Patient delay was longer in women who were widows, had a barely self-perceived economic status, and had chronic diseases. There was a significant relationship of patient delay with women's health motivation and perceived barrier to seeking medical care. Conclusions: Health promotion program should emphasize on the women's motivation about early diagnosis and seeking to early detection.


This is a study of cross-cultural translation processes of the specific terminology of communication in the field of rhetoric and the concept of 'translatio' ('metaphore'), which ancient rhetoricians developed, for the figuration of speech in figures. The source is the text of the Aristotelian terms of the Rhetorica in the original Greek text, English, German, French, and Arabic.


Objective The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods A comprehensive literature search in the Pubmed, Embase, CENTRAL, ISI Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases was conducted, and all relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool and Jadad score were used to assess the risk of bias of included studies, and only RCTs scoring ≥3 were included in a meta-analysis. Results 18 RCTs involving a total of 813 participants (mean age 61.6 years) in the EA groups and 723 participants (mean age 61.9 years) in the control groups were included. The included studies had an average 3 point Jadad score. PSD was diagnosed according to the Chinese Classification of Cerebrovascular Disease (CCCD) and the Chinese Classification of Mental Disease (CCMD) criteria. There was no significant difference between EA and antidepressants (fluoxetine 10–40 mg/day, citalopram 20 mg/day, sertraline 50 mg/day) in terms of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores at week 4 after treatment (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.11, 95% CI −0.31 to 0.10), at week 6 after treatment (SMD 0.04, 95% CI −0.43 to 0.51) or at week 8 after treatment (SMD −0.01, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.22). However, the combined incidence of adverse events in the EA groups was significantly lower than in the antidepressant groups (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.33). Conclusion There was no significant difference between EA and antidepressants in the severity of depression, however EA caused fewer adverse events than antidepressants. Additional larger scale RCTs with rigorous study design are required.


31P magnetic resonance imaging with chemical-shift discrimination by selective excitation has been employed to determine the phosphocreatine (PCr) distribution in the brains of three juvenile macaque monkeys. PCr images were also obtained while saturating the resonance of the gamma-phosphate of ATP, which allowed the investigation of the chemical exchange between PCr and the gamma-phosphate of ATP catalyzed by creatine kinase. Superposition of the PCr images over the proton image of the same monkey brain revealed topological variations in the distribution of PCr and creatine kinase activity. PCr images were also obtained with and without visual stimulation. In two out of four experiments, an apparently localized decrease in PCr concentration was noted in visual cortex upon visual stimulation. This result is interpreted in terms of a possible role for the local ADP concentration in stimulating the accompanying metabolic response.


One of the common features of most rock bodies is the presence of discontinuities which are generally called fractures. Fractures result when applied stress overcomes the strength of the host rock. Their presences must be carefully studied as they significantly affect the engineering and strength properties of the rocks. Their presences also influence the hydraulic properties of rocks. Several tools and methods have been employed in the study of fractures both at the surface and subsurface. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography ERT method, a geophysical tool was used in this research to study and characterize fractures in the crystalline rocks at Igarra, SW Nigeria. The survey which spans a survey line of 100m and average subsurface depth of 18m imaged the presences of vertical to steepdipping discontinuities which are interpreted as fracture planes. These fracture planes extends beyond the 18m depth of investigation suggesting that the fractures are potential conduits for leachate transport and surface water run-off infiltration in the area. This has implication for waste management disposal design and siting, as the chances of bedrock and groundwater contamination is potentially high. Hence the fracture characteristics must be taken into consideration when waste disposal management policies are being formulated and implemented.


Almost all of modern gas insulated switchgears (GIS) use sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) as insulation material. Therefore, GIS quality much or less depends on quality of its SF6. Failure however can arise within operation of SF6 GIS due to quality decline of SF6. Quality decline of SF6 in GIS can be recognized by existence of decomposition product of SF6, which may appear due to partial discharge, arc during switching, etc. Therefore quality control of SF6 insulation in GIS is necessary in order to prevent failure occurred due to SF6 quality decline. In this study, quality assessment of SF6 at Waru 150 kV SF6 GIS is done using equipment namely partial discharge ion mobility spectrometer. This equipment assesses quality of SF6 based on ions mobility. Concentration of decomposition product is then obtained from ion mobility of gas analyzed. For all compartment tested of Waru 150 kV SF6 GIS, it was found that the largest concentration of decomposition product is between 1000-2000 ppmv. Generally, SF6 condition at Waru 150 kV SF6 GIS is normal based on CIGRE standard.


The purpose of this descriptive research design was to observe the interactive reading behaviors of Asian immigrant parents and their preschool-aged children. The Adult-Child Interactive Reading Inventory (DeBruin-Parecki, 2007) was employed for data collection. Twenty five parent-child dyads voluntarily participated in the video recorded observation of interactive reading sessions. Parent and child behaviors evident in video recordings of shared reading sessions provided findings that revealed for both adults and children, as measured by the Adult-Child Interactive Reading Inventory (ACIRI), the highest means scores were in the category "Enhancing Attention to Text", while the lowest mean scores were in the category" Using Literacy Strategies". In terms of the relationships between parental reading behavior categories and child behavior categories, the findings demonstrated that the relationships between parental reading behavior categories and child behavior categories were found to be significantly correlated in a positive manner. The results of the study will potentially benefit parents, children, and families by providing child development specialists and early childhood educators with information about the home literacy environments and literacy support activities of Asian immigrant families.


The transient energy function method is usually used to assess the stability of a power system without considering the effect of control devices. A modification of the method is proposed to determine the first-swing stability limit of a power system in the presence of a static VAR compensator (SVC). The effect of the SVC is carefully incorporated in determining the value of critical energy needed for system separation. The unstable equilibrium point at which the critical energy is to be evaluated is determined by considering that the SVC operates at its full capacitive rating. A recent control strategy of SVC proposed to maximise the first-swing stability limit can justify the use of such an unstable equilibrium point. The above technique of determining the first-swing stability limit of a power system in the presence of a SVC is tested on both single- and multimachine systems. The results obtained by the proposed technique are also compared with the corresponding actual values found through repetitive time-domain simulations of system dynamic equations.


[1] The central Pacific Coast of the United States is one of the few regions in North America where precipitation exhibited a high proportion of variance at decadal time scales (10 to 20 years) during the last century. We use a network of tree ring-width records to estimate the behavior of the observed decadal pattern in regional winter precipitation during the last three and a half centuries. The pattern was most vigorous during the mid and late 20th century. Between A.D. 1650 and 1930, proxy estimates show a limited number of events separated by longer intervals of relatively low variance. The multicentennial perspective offered by tree rings indicates the energetic decadal pattern in winter precipitation is a relatively recent feature. Until a physical mechanism can be identified that explains the presence of this decadal rhythm, as well as its inconsistency during the period of record, we cannot rule out the possibility that this behavior may cease as abruptly as it began.


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed two tools that let computer users "see" air quality information on a virtual globe by combining EPA air data with Google mapping tools. The first tool is part of the agency's new "Air Emission Sources" Web site, which is designed to make emissions data for six common pollutants easy to find and understand. Based on the latest EPA National Emissions Inventory, the site uses charts and Google Earth files to answer user questions about overall emissions, emissions by type of industry, or emissions by largest polluter. The EPA also is providing Air Quality Index (AQI) information in the Google Earth format to quickly see air quality across the country. For more information, visit the following Web sites: http://www.epa.gov/air/emissions and http://www.airnow.gov.


Under certain circumstances, a student who is required to participate in active military service is excused from scheduled classes or other required activities and will be allowed to complete an assignment or exam within a reasonable time after the absence. The excused absence is permitted only if the student will miss no more than 25% of the total number of class meetings or the contact hour equivalent (not including the final examination period) for the specific course or courses in which the student is enrolled at the beginning of the period of active military service.


This paper reports the results of a study on strategic planning and implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching and describes the level of quality awareness in web-based teaching at the University of Helsinki. Questionnaire survey data obtained from deans and institutional leaders, ICT support staff, teachers and students (n = 333) at the University indicate that strategic planning has proceeded well, and all the faculties of the University have developed virtual university strategies in order to continue existing ICT initiatives, to further increase the use of ICT in teaching and to assure student information literacy. The data indicate that all the faculties and institutions have monitored and reported the use of ICT in teaching, but quality assurance or enhancement as tools for monitoring were mentioned less frequently. The available ICT training was found satisfactory to meet the actual training needs of the teachers, but their lack of time was judged to be the main obstacle to their participation in it. The teachers identified two basic functions of ICT in teaching: (1) distribution of course material via the web, and (2) the creation of interactive and collaborative learning opportunities. The male teachers and students consistently estimated that their ICT skills were stronger when compared with the judgements made by female teachers and students. The teachers generally felt that the greatest problems arose from students' lack of time management skills and from deficiencies in the usability of the technology. The students did not perceive lack of time management as a problem. Rather, they experienced isolation, loneliness and the lack of practical ICT usability to be the main obstacles to learning. The teachers had a higher assessment of students' learning than the students did. The greatest difference between teachers and students concerned the contextual nature of learning in a virtual environment. The fact that the teachers' views were markedly more positive signals a distinct challenge for pedagogy.


Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant disease known for over a century and recognized by characteristic hamartomatous lesions involving any organ. In this report, we are presenting a patient with TS who presented with acute embolic stroke and received tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and had a mechanical thrombectomy (MT). She had a dramatic response without any hemorrhagic complications. She is a 68-year-old Caucasian woman with the past medical history of TS since childhood who presented to the hospital with symptoms of left middle cerebral artery (MCA) syndrome (right-sided weakness, sensory loss, right facial droop, aphasia, hemianopia, and dysarthria). National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 19. Head computed tomography (CT) was negative for any acute abnormality except cortical tubers, subependymal ventricular calcification. CT angiography of the head and neck showed proximal occlusion of the left internal carotid artery. After ruling out all exclusion criteria, the patient received tPA and had an MT with complete reperfusion (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 3). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an acute stroke in the multivessel territories (bilateral parietal cortices, the left lentiform nucleus, medial left temporal lobe, left thalamus, and right occipital lobe) suggestive of an embolic phenomenon and did not show any hemorrhagic complication. TS patients are at increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage either in the setting of vascular malformation or due to hemorrhage into the subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. The best explanation for the latter could be secondary to elevated venous pressure from increased intracranial pressure. Fortunately, our TS patient who presented with acute ischemic stroke was within the window and received tPA and MT. The patient not only did not have any hemorrhagic side effects afterward but also had a significant improvement in her neurologic symptoms. To our best knowledge, this is the only case report of tPA administration in a TS patient. Moreover, we need more case reports to evaluate the safety of tPA in these patients. J Neurol Res. 2020;10(4):140-143 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jnr595


The thermoset epoxy resin Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol F (EPON 862), crosslinked with the Diethylene Toluene Diamine (DETDA) hardening agent, are utilized as the polymer matrix component in many graphite (carbon fiber) composites. Since it is difficult to experimentally characterize the interfacial region, computational molecular modeling is a necessary tool for understanding the influence of the interfacial molecular structure on bulk-level material properties. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and compare the interfacial shear stress and dipole moment for the pristine carbon fiber composite and the one with the moisture content at the interface. Molecular models are established for Carbon fiber reinforced EPON 862-DETDA polymer with and without the moisture content at the interface. Interatomic interactions are defined by Reactive Force Field (ReaxFF). Material characteristics such as polymer mass-density and dipole moment are investigated near the polymer/fiber interface. It is determined that a region exists near the carbon fiber surface in which the polymer mass density and dipole moment are different than that of the bulk values. It can further be seen that material having larger values of dipole moment in interface region have comparatively lesser values of interfacial shear stress.


The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ( RdRp ) gene of Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (BmCPV-1) (China strain) was cloned in three fragments using step-by-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The whole RdRp gene of 3691 bp was sequenced (GenBank accession number: AY496445). Vector pET-28b(+) was used to construct the expression vector pET28b– RdRp which was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) induced with isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG). The molecular weight of the expression product was about 138 Da. The primary antibody employed was rabbit antibody against BmCPV–RdRp recombinant protein and the secondary antibody was 15 nm immunogold-labelled goat anti-rabbit IgG. Immunogold was mostly bound to the virions which were dispersed in a virus generation matrix and polyhedron in the columnar cells of the midgut of the silkworms, and the average marking ratio was about 35%. This result demonstrated that BmCPV–RdRp complexes are indeed located at the BmCPV capsid.