The molecular mechanisms that underlie the primary headaches - migraine, cluster headache and tension-type headache - have not yet been clarified. On the basis of studies in headache induced by intravenous infusions of glyceryl trinitrate (an exogenous nitric oxide donor) and histamine (which liberates nitric oxide from vascular endothelium), it has been suggested that nitric oxide is a likely candidate responsible molecule. The present review deals with the biology of this small messenger molecule, and the updated scientific evidence that suggests a key role for this molecule in primary headaches. This evidence suggests that the release of nitric oxide from blood vessels, perivascular nerve endings or from brain tissue is an important molecular trigger mechanism in spontaneous headache pain. Pilot trials have shown efficacy of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in both migraine attacks and chronic tension-type headache. These observations suggest new approaches to the pharmacological treatment of headache.


Recent studies have demonstrated the great advantages of marine reserves in solving bycatch problems by maintaining the persistence of endangered species without sacrificing the fisheries yields of target species. However, transient phenomena rather than equilibrium states of population dynamics still require further research. Here, with a simple and general model, the transient dynamics of strong stock fish species are investigated under the condition of weak stock persistence. A surprising and counter-intuitive finding is that fisheries yields can strongly fluctuate even if population density both inside and outside marine reserve only slightly varies, leading to transient inconsistency between the population densities and fisheries yields. This finding suggests that population density dynamics cannot be used to predict the transient phenomena of fisheries yields (or vice versa) in fisheries management. These results will deepen our understanding of the transient phenomenon in marine ecology.


This article examines PMBOK version six applicability in agile IT projects. Based on existing scientific research about troubling compatibility of PMBOK processes and agile frameworks, enhancements of five critical project processes are postulated. These process enhancements often focus on time-limited disruptions of agile actions and a separation of macro- and micro-management between agile developments and project management practices. To verify the effectiveness of such enhancement approaches, a quantitative survey explores the applicability and current state of usage. Results show that most proposed solutions are currently not widely used in IT project management although practitioners have evaluated them as useful. However, participants tend to increase the use when understanding more about the solutions. In combination with the discovered positive rating of the effectiveness of enhancement approaches, it can be summarized that the improvement approaches are a well-perceived step towards the enhancement of PMBOK processes in agile developed IT projects.


Stanley Lane-Poole was a British orientalist, translator, lexicographer and historian. He completed the remaining two volumes of "An Arabic-English Lexicon" started by his grand-uncle Edward William Lane (1801-1876) in which he has translated some fragments of the Holy Qur'ān. He edited the Lane's book entitled "Selections from the Kur-an" and published it alongwith his own additions. Lane-Poole published "The Speeches and Table-Talk of the Prophet Mohammad" translating selected extracts from the Holy Qur'ān and Ḥadīth therein. In 1882, Lane-Poole published his French book "Le Koran: sa Poesie et ses lois" (The Qur'ān: Its Poetry and Laws). This article examines Lane-Poole's works on the Qur'ān critically comparing them with other English translations.


According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Annual Report 2011 in many European countries amphetamines or ecstasy is the second most commonly used illicit substance after cannabis. More reliable and objective method based on the 'sewage epidemiology' was applied to estimate the level of amphetamines consumption in Poland. Amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA (ecstasy) were determined in wastewater samples collected from the main Wastewater Treatment Plant in the Polish city of Poznan (about 687,000 people) using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Back-calculations used in the 'sewage epidemiology' approach were applied to estimate the level of consumption of analyzed drugs. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to check the monthly differences between determinations. Two-year profiles of consumption for amphetamine methamphetamine and ecstasy were calculated. Results from our city indicate that consumption of amphetamines is one order of magnitude lower than in Western Europe. Therefore, there is a different profile of amphetamines consumption. Consumption of amphetamine is several times lower, but the consumption of ecstasy is relatively high. ANOVA analysis confirmed significant differences between monthly loads of determined illicit drugs


Designed to establish a causal relationship between childhood victimization and young adults' substance abuse, this study also examined depression's role as mediator in that causal relationship. The study employs child-abuse measures that weigh both the type (sexual, physical) and the persistence of abuse. The study took as its substance-abuse measures the DSM-IV criteria for current alcohol abuse, current marijuana abuse, and current drug abuse. Data from the first 5 waves of the National Youth Survey (NYS) was employed, along with data from its 7th wave, to establish the temporal order needed to determine causal relationship. Childhood physical abuse proved a strong predictor of young adults' current substance abuse, although sexual abuse did not. Depression was shown to mediate the relationship of physical abuse to current alcohol abuse and current drug abuse, but not to current marijuana abuse.


The research aims to; examine the effect of applying the Blue Ocean Strategy on the marketing performance measurement dimensions in the Egyptian travel agents. The quantitative – qualitative approaches were incorporated in this research. Data was collected from the managers and executives in marketing and tour operating departments in 60 Egyptian travel agents in Cairo through using a questionnaire form. Personal Interviews were conducted to help these agents better understanding this new strategy.  The obtained data for this study, was presented in tables comprising of mean, standard deviation, and Friedman's test,  while the hypotheses was tested using, simple liner regression and ANOVA analysis at a significance level of 5% with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 22). The findings revealed that Blue Ocean Strategy has a positive significant effect on marketing performance dimensions in the Egyptian travel agent. Blue Ocean Strategy is considered a quite dynamic process as it affects market shares, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and innovation. The research was finally concluded by raising recommendations for improvement the BOS implications in the Egyptian travel agents, in order to increase its marketing performance.


The present paper provides new evidence to support recent suggestions that a significant transformation of early Vedic culture was promoted by the kings of the Kuru dynasty, and argues that this transformation was fundamental to the establishment of the śrauta system of rituals. The evidence in question concerns a number of verse mantras in śrauta liturgies which, contrary to the rule, have no parallels in the Rgveda. It is suggested that the reason why new verse mantras were composed in these limited cases is that the rites for which they were intended were all rites of sovereignty through which the Kuru kings proclaimed, legitimized, and consolidated their hegemony.


Cobalt oxides are economical and environmentally friendly electrocatalysts and they may be possible alternatives to noble metals for the oxygen evolution reaction. However, the most studied intrinsic cobalt oxides still need a high overpotential to overcome the current density threshold of oxygen evolution and are unstable for continuous reactions. Herein, we found that the catalytic activity of cobalt oxides improved significantly on soaking them in a weakly acidic iron–ion solution. The structure of the catalyst could be modified by the abovementioned treatment to reduce the overpotential, thus achieving improved catalytic efficiency for the oxygen evolution reaction. The formation of Fe-Co3O4 delivered a much lower overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA cm−2 (with a small Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1) compared with normal Co3O4 (409 mV) for the OER; additionally, Fe-CoO also exhibited a lower overpotential of 296 mV compared with normal CoO (361 mV). The activity of the Fe ion-treated cobalt oxides was promoted by a thousand CV scans, which might form an amorphous phase layer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also indicated that the theoretical overpotentials of Fe-Co3O4 and Fe-CoO were obviously lower than that of the untreated material. The treated cobalt oxides replaced cobalt atoms with a certain number of iron atoms, which dramatically changed the electronic structure and charge transfer rate.


The present paper, being the first part of two relevant studies, deals with the evaluation of the stress distribution under steel base-plate connections, acted upon statically by axial forces and bending moments. The whole approach is formulated on the basis of the proper equilibrium equations that are valid for both elastic and plastic plate behaviour adopting a nonlinear stress distribution function under the base plate of catenary type, depending on only one parameter. Taking into account the compatibility and geometric conditions valid for all the connection components, the aforementioned equations are fully assessed, considering the base-plate connection as semi-rigid. Numerical results, parametric studies and comparison with existing relevant investigations will be demonstrated in the companion paper, being the product of advances symbolic computations of the theoretical findings of the present work.


Despite more than 150 years of study of crinoids from the Moscow Region there are numerous undescribed taxa from well-known localities as well as others from poorly known localities. In recent years, through the acquisition of new collections as well as new discoveries, the holdings of Carboniferous crinoids of the Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Science have been greatly increased. This has allowed a more detailed study of the faunas, which is in progress. Among the crinoids in the collection there are representatives of the family Pirasocrinidae Moore & Laudon, 1943, that are abundant in the Pennsylvanian of the USA, and previously unknown in the Carboniferous of the Moscow Region, as well as representatives of the genera Allosocrinus Strimple, 1949, Cibolocrinus Weller, 1909 and Elibatocrinus Moore, 1940, also previously unknown in the Moscow Region. There is also the first recognized Pennsylvanian member of the family Taxocrinidae Angelin, 1878. The stratigraphic distribution of the most common crinoids from the Carboniferous of the Moscow Region is compiled. The crinoid faunas that characterize the Upper Carboniferous Substages are described. They are represented by at least four crinoid faunas (Myachkovian, Khamovnikian, Dobryatinian and Noginskian) which are named respectively for the Substages name. The most typical crinoids of these faunas are mentioned, including undescribed forms. All previously described valid species of crinoids from the Carboniferous of the Moscow Region are listed.


Background and Objectives: Verbal fluency performance investigated the ability of producing words, conscious mental process and generally, the ability to make verbal communication. In different studies, phonological fluency tasks have significant relationship with variables such as age, gender and level of education. This research tries to investigate phonological fluency and its relationship with levels of education as well as gender in Persian language. Method: The present study was done in cross- sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 290 typical persian speaking individuals with ages range from 12 to 18. They were divided in seven age groups who did not have any prior neurological, psychological and sensory disorders. Data collecting was performed through verbal fluency tests. An independent T-test and ANOVA were performed for data analysis. Results: According to obtained result from statistical tests in this research, there was significant difference between the age and level of education on one hand and mean performance of phonological fluency on other hand )P<0.005 (. Moreover, this significant difference is existed between the mean of performance and number of phonological fluency transfers in both boys and girls. Conclusions: Individuals with low education scored less in all studied area except clustering. It indicates, there is lower mental screening among the less educated people.


Using the BALB/c mouse multidrug resistance model of leukemia, the effect of peptide extract from scorpion venom (PESV) to the upstream signal factors of P-gp of MDR leukemia stem cells on the mouse tumor block was observed, and the mechanism of PESV to reverse the MDR of LSC was studied. At the same time, the expression of P-gp, MDR1 mRNA and PI3-K, NF-κB were respectively detected through flow cytometry, RT-PCR, Western blot and Elisa, and the mouse liver, spleen were examined via histopathological methods. The results of the experiment were as follows: mice of the control group didn't show any obvious changes, while mice of the other six groups all showed arched back, emaciation, liver swell, and inflammation was found in all liver tissue. The expression level of P-gp and PI3K on the LSC membrane of mouse tumor block was down-regulated; the expression of MDR1 mRNA in the cytoplasm was obviously down in the PESV low dose group, and which was inordinately up in the middle dose group and the high dose group. The expression level of NF-κB in the leukemia stem cell nucleus remarkably decreased. PESV had a outstanding role of down-regulating PI3K, NF-κb, MDR1 which were all upstream factors of P-gp, and to a certain degree enhanced the sensitivity of LSC to ADM. Therefore, this experiment explained one of the mighty mechanism of PESV to reverse MDR of LSC, and provided a foundation to further study of combinational anti-cancer effects of PESV.


In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to find the optimal static replicating portfolios for general path-independent nonlinear pay-off functions and give an estimate for the rate of convergence that is absent in the literature. We choose the static replication by designing an adaptation function arising in the error bound between the nonlinear pay-off function and the linear spline approximation and derive the equidistribution equation for selecting the optimal strikes. The numerical tests for variance swaps, swaptions, static quadratic hedges and also for a jump-diffusion process, allowing for the default of the underlying asset, show that the proposed iterative equidistribution equation algorithm is simple, fast and accurate. The paper generalizes and improves the results on static replication and approximation in the literature.


Anxiety is part of human existence and is characterized by a sense of imminent danger. It can be defined as increased emotional unrest in anticipation of danger (Rieman, 2005). It differs from fear, which is an emotional response to an objective threatening. Fear and anxiety are an intrinsic feature of the human condition with adaptive function and are parts of the normal development. The distinction between fear and anxiety, is given by the quality of the anticipatory experience anxiety versus fear, which focuses on a specific object. The pathological nature of these feelings is due to the increasing frequency of manifestations, their severity and their abnormal pesistence. The author presents the research done on two groups of subjects (students in twelfth grade and students in grade nine) to determine the differences between their share of anxiety, and highlight the weight of one or the other forms of anxiety (veiled or overt) and the personality factors that cause anxiety.


Maya Krishna Rao is a well-known name in contemporary Indian theatre, most widely known for her solo shows and for her performances in protest events in support of women's rights and social justice. Each of her performances has a distinctive vocabulary and form, ranging from dance theatre, multimedia performance, to rock concerts and stand-up comedy. Rao's performances are inspired by her training in Kathakali, allowing her to straddle the worlds of dance and theatre in the search for a contemporary language of performance. The themes respond acutely to issues in contemporary India and offer sharp glimpses of urban life. She has been commissioned by prestigious international theatre festivals and has travelled widely with her shows. She is a recipient of the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for acting in 2010, which she returned in 2015 in protest against what she described as the government's indifference to the growing intolerance in India. Maya Rao was Professor at the Shiv Nadar University till 2017, where she taught Theatre for Education and Social Transformation. This conversation took place in the framework of the research project on translation and performance (in collaboration with the University of Cape Town and the University of Amsterdam, 2016–19). Rao shared her reflections on the artistic processes of translation in the solo performance 'Ravanama'. The conversation took place in July 2017 at Adishakti Laboratory for Theatre Arts & Research in Pondicherry, India.


The design of stochastic input sequences for parameter identification of linear dynamic discrete-time system is considered. The determinant of the normalized error covariance matrix is used as a criterion for parameter identification quality which is, as it is shown, dependent on the input autocorrelation function. For a given form of this function, one may derive the optimal values of its parameters. An analytic example illustrating the method is given.


The green campus concept begins with the awareness of the academic community about the importance of various environmentally-friendly activities to support a sustainable campus. A sustainable campus is expected to be able to withstand change without harming the future academic community and the people living around the campus. This study aims to determine the application of the green campus concept at Universitas Budi Luhur with qualitative research methods through a rationalistic approach. For data processing used scoring method and mixed research methods. Universitas Budi Luhur registered itself as a participant in the Green Campus ranking program coordinated by the UI GreenMetric Team in 2019. In this study, the data processed was data from ranking results whose scores were announced in 2019 and 2020. The results of scoring in 2020 Universitas Budi Luhur earned a total of 5,850 points and was ranked 355th in the world level. The standard category of campus arrangement and infrastructure, the fulfillment of renewable energy, the absence of recycled water treatment efforts, and the use of water-saving devices have not been maximized, causing the percentage of assessment to be below. With the results of the 2020 ranking, it is hoped that it will be a spirit for a better future and there is a need for commitment from the management in determining policies related to the green campus program for campus sustainability.


The Three Gorges Dam Project (TGP) has raised international attention because of its great potential for hydro-electrical power generation and flood control, as well as for its potential hazardous effects on the environment and ecology, and for the migration and resettlement of local inhabitants. Slope instability is one common problem in the Three Gorges area and this paper reports a regional assessment of landslide hazard based on ASTER imagery and Digital Elevation Model (DEM), in combination with limited field investigation. A simple model based on the geometric mean and Boolean decision rules has been applied to a multi-criterion dataset to generate a map of landslide hazard.


Atmosphere-skimming showers are initiated by cosmic rays with an incoming direction such that the full development of the cascade occurs inside the atmosphere without reaching the ground. This new class of showers has been observed in balloon-borne experiments such as ANITA, but a characterisation of their properties is lacking. In this article, we have performed simulations of atmospheric-skimming showers using the latest version of the ZHAireS-RASPASS shower simulation program. We have determined the properties of the longitudinal profile of the shower and its fluctuations as a function of cosmic-ray energy, direction and primary mass. We have studied the phase-space of cosmic-ray arrival directions where detection in balloon-borne experiments is more likely, and have found that only in a small range of directions, the showers are sufficiently developed before reaching the altitude of the detector. The interplay between the Earth's magnetic field, the long distances over which atmosphere-skimming showers develop, and the low density of the atmosphere they traverse gives rise to several effects that are not seen in downward-going cascades. Our results are relevant for the design of balloon-borne experiments and the interpretation of the data they collect.


The process that leads to standardization in the mobile telecommunication industry has changed considerably over time. Where it was first a national process, it has gradually changed into a more global process, and the role of the government in the standardization process has changed from very influential to less influential. The role of the government now mainly consists of creating boundary conditions such as competition rules and granting licenses to operate. Finally, the number of stakeholders involved in the standardization process had increased considerably from stand-alone development of the standard to a situation in which a multitude of companies work together to develop standards. The purpose of this paper is to create insight in the changes in standardization processes in mobile telecommunication. We analyze existing theory on standardization and dominant designs and construct a framework which includes geographic setting, governmental regimes and industrial regimes. We test this framework by analyzing the standardization processes of four generations of mobile telecommunication standards in four regions (i.e., Japan, China, the US, and Europe).


A case of acute traumatic interhemispheric subdural haematoma treated conservatively is reported. The controversies in its management and the usefulness of CT in planning the treatment are discussed.


We present far-infrared images of the Galactic oxygen-rich supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0+1.8, acquired with the PACS and SPIRE instruments of the Herschel Space Observatory. We find that the SNR shell is detected in the PACS blue (100 μm) band, but not in the red (160 μm) band, broadly consistent with results from AKARI observations. There is no discernible emission from G292.0+1.8 in SPIRE imagery at 250, 350 and 500 μm. Comparing the 100 μm emission to that observed with Spitzer at 24 and 70 μm, we find a very similar appearance for G292.0+1.8 at all three wavelengths. The infrared emission is dominated by dust from non-radiative circumstellar shocks. In addition, the radiatively shocked O-rich clump known as the "Spur" on the eastern side of G292.0+1.8 is clearly detected in the PACS blue images, with marginal detection in the red. Fitting the existing 14–40 μm IRS spectra of the Spur together with photometric measurements from 70 μm MIPS and 100 μm PACS photometry, we place an upper limit of M⊙ of ejecta dust mass in the Spur, under the most conservative assumption that the ejecta dust has a temperature of 15 K. Modeling the dust continuum in the IRS spectra at four positions around the rim, we estimate post-shock densities ranging from cm−3 to 11 cm−3. The integrated spectrum of the entire SNR, dominated by swept-up circumstellar dust, can be fitted with a two-component dust model with a silicate component at 62 K and graphite component at 40 K for a total dust mass of 0.023 M⊙.


The effect of structural rigidity towards enhancement of fluorescence quantum yield of GFP chromophore analogues has been documented. In the present study, a new way of enhancing the fluorescence quantum yield of two ortho-meta GFP chromophore analogues meta-methoxy-ortho-hydroxy-benzylimidazolidinone (abbreviated as mOMe-HBDI) and meta-diethylamino-ortho-hydroxyl imidazolidinone (abbreviated as MOHIM) has been reported. This enhancement is controlled by the H-bond accepting ability (denoted as β value) of the solvent and happens only in the case of GFP chromophore analogues having ortho (hydroxyl)-meta (electron donating group) and not in the case of analogues having a para electron donating group. The ground state (solid) conformation of mOMe-HBDI has been obtained from single crystal X-ray analysis, exhibiting the existence of strong intramolecular H-bonding. However, in solution phase, as the solvent β value increases, the strength of intramolecular H-bonding decreases. This process has strong influence on the relative conformational orientation of phenyl and imidazolidinone rings. For mOMe-HBDI, fluorescence quantum yield increases with increase in β value of the solvents. However, the effect of solvent polarity cannot be completely ruled out. The lower wavelength emission band (∼480 nm) has been assigned to the normal charge-transferred (CT) species, whereas the highly Stokes shifted emission band (∼660 nm) has been assigned to the proton-transferred (PT) tautomer species for mOMe-HBDI. In solvents of low β value (say hexane) only the PT band and in solvents of high β value (say DMSO) only the CT band is observed. Quite interestingly, in solvents of intermediate β value both CT and PT bands, thus dual emission, are observed. For mOMe-HBDI when fluorescence decay is monitored at the normal CT emission band, it is observed to be biexponential in nature. The short component increases from ∼0.2 ns to 0.6 ns and the long component increases from 1 to 3.6 ns as the β value of the solvent increases. For a particular solvent, when fluorescence decay is monitored at the normal CT band, as the monitoring wavelength increases the amplitude of the long lifetime component increases and that of the short lifetime component decreases. Time-resolved area-normalised emission spectral (TRANES) analysis confirms the possible existence of two conformers having differential stabilisation by solvent polarity. When fluorescence decay is monitored at the PT band an instrument response limited (<60 ps) decay is noted. Strong support in favour of the above-mentioned structural, steady state and time-resolved optical observations and analyses has been obtained from the methoxy derivative mOMe-MBDI and MOMIM.


Background
Recent two studies reported that intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis can separate healthy livers and viral hepatitis B (VHB) induced liver fibrosis. However, in these two studies the starting b value for bi-exponential decay analysis was b =10 and 15 s/mm2 respectively. The current study has two primary aims. The first is to further confirm the diagnostic value of IVIM in detecting liver fibrosis. The second is to test whether by sampling very low b value densely, then b =0 s/mm2 image could be included to improve IVIM's diagnostic performance.

Methods
This was a prospective study with data acquired at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. Healthy volunteers and patients suspected of VHB induced liver fibrosis with liver biopsy performed, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma patients scheduled for surgery, were recruited. All the hepatocellular carcinoma patients had liver fibrosis. After exclusions based on pre-defined criteria for image data quality, for IVIM analysis this study included 20 healthy volunteers; 4 chronic VHB patients with biopsy showing no liver fibrosis; 11 stage-1 liver fibrosis patients, 10 stage-2 liver fibrosis patients, 2 stage-3 liver fibrosis patients, and 5 stage-4 liver fibrosis patients. In the liver fibrosis patients, 1, 19, and 8 cases had inflammation grade-0, grade-1, and grade-2 respectively. The reference IVIM bi-exponential decay curve fitting analysis was segmented fitting performed with b =2 s/mm2 image as the starting point and a threshold-b of 60 s/mm2. This reference fitting method was compared with threshold-b of 40 s/mm2, full fitting, fitting starting from b =0, 5, and 10 s/mm2 respectively. The potential correlation between IVIM readouts and liver function was assessed for the liver fibrosis patients.

Results
Based on the smaller coefficient of variation (CoV) for the volunteer group and the smaller patient/volunteer ratios [= (mean measurement for patient groups)/(mean measurement for healthy volunteers)], the comparison of fitting methods favored the reference approach starting from b =2 s/mm2 with a threshold-b of 60 s/mm2. The IVIM measures of four patients without liver fibrosis resembled those of healthy subjects. PF offered the best diagnostic value for separating healthy livers and fibrotic livers, and a threshold of PF =0.1406 separated all fibrotic livers and healthy livers with an exception of one hepatocellular carcinoma patient (fibrosis grade-2/inflammation grade-2). The correlation between fibrosis grading and inflammation grading was weakly positive; while compared with fibrotic livers with inflammation grade-1, fibrotic livers with inflammation grade-2 showed a trend of higher Dfast. A weak correlation is shown with lower PF and lower Dfast associated with lower total protein, lower albumin; higher alanine transaminase, higher aspartate transaminase; higher total bilirubin, and higher direct bilirubin.

Conclusions
Segmented-fitting with threshold-b =60 s/mm2 and starting from non-zero very low b value outperforms other methods. IVIM has high sensitivity in detecting liver fibrosis, and PF and Dfast have potential correlation with serum liver function biomarkers. IVIM measures and liver fibrosis grading are not in a linear relationship.


Relevance. Anti-epidemic support of the rear in the wartime is an important component of the health of civilians and military personnel, as well as a guarantee of the implementation of defense measures, since the risk of emergence and rapid spread of infectious diseases in such circumstances increases.Intention – to analyze the efforts of the authorities and medical community regarding the anti-epidemic prevention (based on a concrete example of the Arkhangelsk province during the First World War).Methodology. The article is based on original archival sources kept in the State Archive of the Arkhangelsk region, in the funds of the medical department of the Arkhangelsk provincial board of the Arkhangelsk province and the health department of the Arkhangelsk town executive committee, which are correspondence on issues of sanitary and medical nature, reports of medical inspectors, reports on the epidemic situation in the province in 1914–1917.Results and Discussion. A system of interaction between central and regional authorities is presented. Specific practical measures aimed at preventing the spread of epidemics are analyzed. This work was carried out in several directions. A strict sanitary and epidemiological control was carried out regarding vulnerable groups of the population (first of all, numerous workers engaged in construction of defense facilities). Outbreak response measures were developed. For the same purposes, preventive measures were taken in Arkhangelsk and in all counties of the province, preparatory work was carried out to deploy quarantine barracks, if necessary.Conclusion. The material presented in the article shows that during the First World War the efforts of the state apparatus, local authorities, public and community initiative managed to keep under control the sanitary and medical situation and prevent its negative scenario. The epidemiological disadvantage of the following years is explained by the destruction of the state apparatus and aggravation of social problems due to the Revolution and the Civil War.


Recognizing human activity is very useful for an investigator about a patient's behavior and can aid in prescribing activity in future recommendations. The use of body worn accelerometers has been demonstrated to be an accurate measure of human activity; however, research looking at the use of multiple body worn accelerometers in a free living environment to recognize a wide range of activities is not evident. This paper aimed to successfully recognize activity and sub-category activity types through the use of multiple body worn accelerometers in a free-living environment. Ten participants (Age = 23.1 ± 1.7 years, height =171.0 ± 4.7 cm, and mass = 78.2 ± 12.5 Kg) wore nine body-worn accelerometers for a day of free living. Activity type was identified through the use of a wearable camera, and subcategory activities were quantified through a combination of free-living and controlled testing. A variety of machine learning techniques consisting of preprocessing algorithms, feature, and classifier selections were tested, accuracy, and computing time were reported. A fine k-nearest neighbor classifier with mean and standard deviation features of unfiltered data reported a recognition accuracy of 97.6%. Controlled and free-living testing provided highly accurate recognition for sub-category activities (>95.0%). Decision tree classifiers and maximum features demonstrated to have the lowest computing time. Results show that recognition of activity and sub-category activity types is possible in a free-living environment through the use of multiple body worn accelerometers. This method can aid in prescribing recommendations for activity and sedentary periods for healthy living.


ABSTRACT
 This paper discusses the conceptual and mathematical relationships between three statistical models: 1) traditional, or "Simultaneous", Canonical Analysis, 2) hierarchical, or "Sequential", Canonical Analysis, and 3) Structural Equations Modeling, or confirmatory path analysis. The advantages of Sequential over Simultaneous Canonical Analysis are reviewed. The relationships between Sequential Canonical Analysis and Path Analysis are explored. The need for a legitimate exploratory form of path analysis, analogous to existing exploratory forms of both multiple regression and factor analysis, is discussed. A logical extension of Sequential Canonical Analysis is proposed as adequately serving the function of an exploratory path analysis. Empirical data from psychological research is used to illustrate and qualitatively compare and contrast the results of these three approaches.


Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) involves nanoscale bending and inward budding of the plasma membrane, by which cells regulate both the distribution of membrane proteins and the entry of extracellular species1,2. Extensive studies have shown that CME proteins actively modulate the plasma membrane curvature1,3,4. However, the reciprocal regulation of how plasma membrane curvature affects the activities of endocytic proteins is much less explored, despite studies suggesting that membrane curvature itself can trigger biochemical reactions5-8. This gap in our understanding is largely due to technical challenges in precisely controlling the membrane curvature in live cells. In this work, we use patterned nanostructures to generate well-defined membrane curvatures ranging from +50 nm to -500 nm radius of curvature. We find that the positively curved membranes are CME hotspots, and that key CME proteins, clathrin and dynamin, show a strong preference toward positive membrane curvatures with a radius < 200 nm. Of ten CME related proteins we examined, all show preferences to positively curved membrane. By contrast, other membrane-associated proteins and non-CME endocytic protein, caveolin1, show no such curvature preference. Therefore, nanostructured substrates constitute a novel tool for investigating curvature-dependent processes in live cells.


Tissue inhomogeneity is often neglected in the analysis of the spectral data collected in tissues. We have measured the absorption and reduced scattering spectra of the human forearm in the wavelength range 633-841 nm, and in the range of source-detector separations 0.7-3.3 cm. We found that the layered tissue structure due to the skin and adipose layers may have a significant effect not only on the data collected at different distances, but also on the data at 633 nm, where the optical absorbance is significantly higher than at the longer wavelengths considered. We conclude that the dependence of the optical penetration depth on the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients should be carefully considered in the quantitative analysis of the optical spectra of tissues.


The present work was carried out in the period between "March 2015 to December 2016" the total number of examined horses was 354 horses, 92 horses had dental affections including 52 Equestrian horses, 34 Riding horses, 6 Funeral dragging horses. These horses were of both sexes and their ages were ranged between 3 years up to 22years old. The examined horses were collected from Armed Equestrian club, El Gzera club, El haram farms, Cairo stadium, El Shams club and Wadi Degla club.
The horses were divided according to usage into 3 groups, first group was used as riding horses, second group was used as equestrian horses and third group was used as funeral dragging horses. First group ; which involved 52 equestrian horses, 49 male horses and 3 female ones. Second group , which involved 34 riding horses, 13male horses and 21 female ones. Third group, which involved 6 funeral dragging horses, they all are male horses.
The examined horses in this study were subjected to comprehensive study including history, type of horse (Riding, Funeral dragging and Equestrian), the time of last floating, post treatment care and follow- up.
The prevalent dental affections in Egyptian equestrian clubs that were found are dental tartar, sharp enamel points, dental caries, rostral hook, periodontal disease, diestemata (diastasis dentium), incisor tooth fracture, parrot mouth, bit seat, caudal hook and canine tooth fracture.

Periodical examination is essential in detection and treatment of dental affections; furthermore, using of power float, mouthwashes, curetting of teeth and extraction of teeth gave good results in treatment of these dental affections. Delaying or neglecting treatment of dental affections leads to sever complications.


Grape rootstocks were tested for resistance to California Type A and Type B phylloxera in the laboratory and Type B phylloxera in an infested vineyard trial. The laboratory evaluations indicated that some rootstocks with partial Vitis vinifera parentage had resistance to both biotypes; others did not. Rootstocks with no V. vinifera parentage were resistant or immune to both biotypes. Field trials appear to substantiate laboratory screening results. The best levels of resistance in field trials appear to be in cultivars SO4, O39-16, and O44-4.


A cellular suspension from rat submandibular glands was exposed to different concentrations of NH4Cl, and the variations of the intracellular concentration of calcium ([Ca2+]i) and the intracellular pH (pHi) were measured using fura‐2 and 2′,7′‐bis‐(2‐carboxy‐ethyl)‐5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein. More than 5 mmol/l NH4Cl significantly increased the [Ca2+]i without affecting the response to 100 µmol/l carbachol. When exposed to 1 and 5 mmol/l NH4Cl, the cells acidified immediately. At 30 mmol/l, NH4Cl first alkalinized the cells and the pHi subsequently dropped. This drop reflects the uptake of NH  +4 ions that dissociate to NH3 and H+ in the cytosol. These protons are exchanged for extracellular sodium by the Na+/H+ exchanger because the presence of an inhibitor of the exchanger in the medium increased the acidification induced by 1 mmol/l NH4Cl. Ouabain partly blocked the uptake of NH  +4 . In the combined presence of ouabain and bumetanide (an inhibitor of the Na+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter), 1 mmol/l NH4Cl alkalinized the cells. The contribution of the Na/K ATPase and the Na+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter in the uptake of NH  +4 was independent of the presence of calcium in the medium. Isoproterenol increased the uptake of NH  +4 by the cotransporter. Conversely, 1 mmol/l extracellular ATP blocked the basal uptake of NH  +4 by the cotransporter. This inhibition was reversed by extracellular magnesium or Coomassie Blue. It was mimicked by benzoyl‐ATP but not by CTP, GTP, UTP, ADP, or ADPβS. ATP only slightly inhibited the increase of cyclic AMP (−22%) by isoproterenol but fully blocked the stimulation of the cotransporter by the β‐adrenergic agonist. ATP increased the release of 3H‐arachidonic acid from prelabeled cells but SK&F 96365, an imidazole‐based cytochrome P450 inhibitor, did not affect the inhibition by ATP. It is concluded that the activation of a purinoceptor inhibits the basal and the cyclic AMP‐stimulated activity of the Na+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter. J. Cell. Physiol. 180:422–430, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


DOA estimation in the presence of coherent sources using a small number of snapshots faces the challenge of rank deficiency of the received signal covariance matrix. When the covariance matrix is rank deficient, only the pseudo inverse of the covariance matrix can be computed, which can give undesirable results. Traditionally, regularized least-squares (RLS) algorithms are used to tackle estimation problems in systems with ill-conditioned or rank deficient matrices. In this work, we combine the Capon beamformer with the RLS framework to develop a DOA estimation method for scenarios with rank deficient covariance matrices. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Forensic odontology (FO) has played an important role in the process of identification of unknown victims. This has help doctor dentist and forensic expert to a great extents. The process of identification of 2 plane crash victims of Garuda DC 10 in 1987 and Garuda Air-Bus in 1995, and 41 murder victims executed by Dukun AS after exhumationed are discussed here. The need of a well trained dentists in the field of FO is imperative as a companion of doctors and forensic experts in the process of examining cases of unknown origin criminal cases and mass disasters victims. It is expected in the future that the demand of Forensic Odontologist is a must in several health service centers in Indonesia.


The identification of flow-sorted chromosomes is a very important tool for checking the purity of the fractions obtained. An easy and reproducible method for obtaining G-banded chromosomes with good resolution of bands is described. Also, we are able to show that the percentage of chromosomes which can be clearly distinguished by this procedure depends to a large extent on the duration of mitotic arrest. In particular when sorting chromosomes from human-rodent hybrid cell lines, the possibility of using in situ hybridization in addition to conventional staining techniques to characterize the chromosomes can help overcome the problem of highly condensed chromosomes and chromosomal fragments of unknown origin, which cannot be identified otherwise. Thus, we have developed an in situ hybridization technique, based on biotin-labelled human genomic DNA, which allows a clear distinction between human and rodent chromosomal material to be made.


The first lockdown period, during the 2020 spring, had a very serious impact on Italian students' life. Suddenly, the distance learning became the only way to attend lessons. Students didn't have an appropriate technological and emotional background considering both the ability to use instruments like computers and e-learning platforms, and the appropriate knowledge and skills to face the new way of managing class lessons especially because it was the unique available option.
Starting from the large amount of information (through teachers' ante, post and in itinere reports, ante and post questionnaires to students and teachers, focus groups with teachers selected on the basis of their involvement in the project) collected during the PON Coding and Robotics project that took place in the 2019/2020 year and ended in the middle of the lockdown, in this paper we are going to analyse the results of the survey administered to students and teachers to investigate how their behaviours and perceptions about education have changed during the distance learning period. Among the results of the analysis conducted on 214 (ante and post) student responses, it emerged that the students who participated in the project felt they had had an improvement in their relationship with science and math and that some teachers found the project a motivational boost to overcome lockdown difficulties.


Ethernet at 10 Mb/s and other legacy LANs such as 4 and 16 Mb/s Token Ring have matured and proliferated widely over the last decade. Now, applications have started to exceed the capabilities of these low speed LANs. A new generation of high speed networks are being deployed to meet with increasing expectations of users. This paper compares four such high speed LANs which operate at or above 100 Mb/s: 100BASE-T, 100VG-AnyLAN, FDDI and ATM. The attributes and performance of these four LANs are described and contrasted. The implications of migration to these new technologies are discussed.<<ETX>>


SUMMARY 1. Chick tissue cultures were treated with hypo- and hypertonic saline for periods up to 1 hour. Dividing cells are more sensitive than resting cells to abnormal tonicity. 2. The effects of this treatment on dividing cells closely resembles that of various mitotic inhibitors. Cells are arrested either in pre-prophase or in metaphase, in which the chromatid pairs are scattered throughout the cell. With hypotony, anaphase may be disturbed, and cleavage may be prevented. 3. There is partial recovery when cultures are returned to normal saline after this treatment. Cells re-enter mitosis. After hypotonic saline, inhibited metaphases may either regenerate a spindle, or their scattered chromosomes may reconstruct as irregular nuclei or as separate chromosomal vesicles. 4. These results may have some bearing both on the course of normal mitosis and on the action of mitotic inhibitors.


Background and Aim: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients have higher risk of co-existing medical conditions – comorbidities – than the general population, yet management guidelines are largely based on randomised controlled trials that often exclude those with comorbidities. The overarching aim of this thesis was to describe the patterns of comorbidity and their impact on treatment using three real-world axSpA populations. Methods: Three datasets were used: one from a specialist axSpA service (Aintree cohort) and one from tertiary hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts (Boston cohort), and a longitudinal national axSpA register – the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for axSpA (BSRBR-AS). Chapter 4 compared the prevalence of 39 comorbidities between two axSpA phenotypes – non-radiographic and radiographic axSpA – using the Boston and Aintree cohorts. Cluster analysis was then used to examine how comorbidities co-exist in the Aintree cohort, and how clusters relate to axSpA severity using multivariable regression models. Chapter 5 applied multivariable regression models to baseline BSRBR-AS data to examine whether axSpA disease assessment using various indices were differentially influenced by 14 comorbidities. Chapter 6 applied conditional models to longitudinal data from the BSRBR-AS to investigate the association between comorbidity and treatment response. Chapter 7 focused on the potential causal association of baseline mental health symptoms on treatment outcomes using marginal models. Results: The Boston cohort included 775 patients (mean age 53 (SD 17) years, 74% male), Aintree 421 patients (46 (SD 14) years, 69% male), and BSRBR-AS 2042 patients (49 (SD 15) years, 67% male). Around half of each cohort had at least one comorbidity. Comorbidity patterns and counts were similar between radiographic and non-radiographic axSpA in Boston (mean 1.5 vs. 1.3, respectively) and Aintree cohorts (1.4 vs. 1.3). Mental health conditions tended to co-exist and were associated with greater axSpA disease severity. In the baseline BSRBR-AS data, each additional comorbidity was associated with higher BASDAI (Bath AS Disease Activity Index) by 0.40 units (95% CI 0.27, 0.52) and ASDAS (AS Disease Activity Score) by 0.09 units (95% CI 0.03, 0.15). Among 994 BSRBR-AS patients starting TNF inhibitors (TNFi), those with multiple comorbidities had similar absolute improvement in disease activity but reduced improvement in function (by 1.0 unit in BASFI at 6 months) and health-related quality of life (2.3 ASQoL units). Compared to those with less than mild depressive symptoms, patients with moderate-severe symptoms had reduced response at 6 months, by approximately 2 BASDAI units and 0.9 ASDAS units. Patients with moderate-severe anxiety symptoms had increased treatment discontinuation (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.26) than those with less than mild anxiety. Conclusions: Comorbidities are highly prevalent in axSpA, in particular cardiovascular and mental health disorders. Comorbidities are associated with axSpA disease activity at baseline and adverse treatment outcomes, particularly depression and anxiety. These results have important clinical and policy implications for the current approach to disease assessment. Clinicians should record and refer comorbidities for optimal management, particularly mental health disorders.


Abstract Changes in the microbial flora of "Caprino dei Nebrodi", a raw goat's milk cheese produced in Sicily, were studied during ripening. From 2 batches of cheese, 4 samples were taken at day 0, 2, 15, and 30 of ripening. Also, samples of curd and milk used in the manufacturing process were analyzed. By the end of the ripening process (day 30), high log10 cfu/g were found for Lactobacilli (7.20), Lattococci (7.10), and Enterococci (7.00), whereas counts of Enterobacteriaceae (3.91), Escherichia coli (3.30), and Staphylococcus (3.89) were found to be lower. The study provides useful information on the microbiological properties of "Caprino dei Nebrodi" cheese, and the results obtained suggest that in order to increase the quality of this artisanal product, it is necessary to improve the sanitary conditions of milking and cheese-making. The study was intended as a preliminary step towards the isolation and identification of bacterial species found in this type of goat's cheese.


Amongst the several problems with the Brazilian e-government services (e-Gov), many of them are related to the fact that Brazil does not have a National Strategy for Digital Identity Management (IdM). To design a national strategy, it is crucial to analyze the solutions adopted in other countries and take into account Brazilian characteristics, such as its area, population, digital inclusion index, socio-political and economic profile, the current national identity registration system and the fraud rate. In this context, this paper aims to propose a national strategy for IdM for the Brazilian e-Gov program. This strategy was built upon by a literature review of the experiences of European countries and, mainly, the peculiarities inherent to Brazil.


Tracheal obstruction to promote lung growth may be a less aggressive alternative to open fetal surgery in the antenatal treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Herein, we explore the feasibility of placing an occluding device through fetal tracheoscopy. A self-expanding umbrella allowed adequate sealing of the tracheal lumen even as the tracheal diameter more than doubled between 110 and 138 days of gestation (term = 145 days) in a sheep model. Distal intratracheal pressures after umbrella placement, and lung weight at delivery, were comparable to those after formal tracheal ligation.


Three-dimensional/two-component microparticle image velocimetry is used to examine the hydrodynamic flow patterns around metallodielectric Janus particles 15 μm in diameter adjacent to insulating and conducting walls. Far from the walls, the observed flow patterns are in good qualitative agreement with previous experimental and analytical models. However, close to the conducting wall, strong electrohydrodynamic flows are observed at low frequencies, which result in fluid being injected toward the particle. The proximity of the metallic hemisphere to the conducting wall is also shown to produce a localized field gradient, which results in dielectrophoretic trapping of 300 nm polystyrene particles across a broad range of frequencies.


Following Leach's emphasis (1966) on the communicative aspects of ritual, Navajo chants are analyzed as a system of symbols which communicate the Navajo model of the natural-supernatural world. At the same time, symbolic objects and actions transform the patient's body from a state of "ugly conditions" (illness) to one of "pleasant conditions" (health). Symbolic objects are manipulated in (1) prestations to the supernaturals and (2) actions directed towards the patient's body, which either identify the patient with the supernaturals or remove the "ugly conditions." Navajo ritual identification and removal imply an alternative to Turner's analysis of Ndembu symbols, where concepts derived from bodily experiences are projected onto the natural and social world. In Navajo chants, natural products are transformed into objects associated with the supernaturals, and these in turn are applied to or taken into the body; disease-causing elements which are simultaneously supernatural and natural are expelled. Rather than body processes being relevant to classifying the world, concepts concerning the natural-supernatural world are relevant to interpreting body processes.


Secondary stress in Hungarian has been subject to considerable debate. Proposals include a basic quantity-insensitive trochaic pattern (Kerek 1971), a quantity-sensitive pattern (Szinnyei 1912), and a distinction between secondary and tertiary stress (Hammond 1987). These claims have been made on the basis of impressionistic transcriptions, without acoustic measurements, and they are unsupported by phonological evidence (Kalman & Nadasdy 1994). We examine a phonological argument for the existence of secondary stress by Varga (2000), and argue that his ndings are inconclusive. We also present the results of our pilot acoustic studies, showing no correlation between non-primary stress and vowel duration, pitch or intensity. We conclude that evidence for Hungarian secondary stress is lacking.


Signal degradation due to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) effects may become significant for signaling rates of 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s, and beyond. To assess the utility of various PMD mitigation schemes, temporal and spectral measurements of differential group delay (DGD) were made on 95 km of buried standard single-mode fiber over an 86-d period to determine the distribution and rate of change of high-DGD events. As expected, statistical analysis of variations in DGD indicate that excursions from the mean DGD by factors of 3.7 or higher have very low probability. For this link, the DGD varied slowly with time (having a drift time of about 3.4 d) and rapidly with wavelength. The DGD data agree well with results of similar experiments reported in the literature. Statistical analysis of the measured DGD data shows that high-DGD episodes will be exceedingly rare and short-lived. The impact of PMD on network operations is explored and approaches to ensure network reliability are reviewed for network operators given the task of transporting high-bit-rate channels over fiber links with known PMD characteristics.


BACKGROUND
After cervical Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), upper limb movements made by patients have a lack of smoothness and a hand velocity profile characterized by a high number of velocity peaks.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present paper is to propose three novel kinematic indices for quantifying movement agility and smoothness, and to analyze their discriminative capability between healthy and pathological people.

METHODS
18 people, healthy and two groups of patients with cervical SCI, participated in the study. Kinematic indices in relation to movement agility and smoothness were computed from hand trajectories and velocity profiles during the performance of the ADL of drinking from a glass.

RESULTS
The proposed indices discriminated between healthy and SCI people. The results are greater in healthy than SCI people. Both smoothness indices detected significant differences between healthy and both SCI groups. Moreover, the Agility index showed capacity for discriminating between both patients groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The main contribution of this research consists on the proposal of kinematic indices from experimental data, whose results are dimensionless and relative to a pattern of healthy subjects. We hope that kinematic indices proposed are a step toward the standardization of the quantitative assessment of movement characteristics and functional impairments.


A systematic study of plant megafossils comprising mostly leaf-impressions and few fruits from a sequence of the Siwalik sediments of Surai Khola area, Rapti Anchal, western Nepal has revealed 33 taxa belonging to 15 dicotyledonous families, viz., Anonaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Clusiaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Sapindaceae, Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae, Anisophylleaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae. Amongst them, Goniothalamus, Harpullia, Anisophyllea, Anthocephalus, Diplospora, Chonemorpha and Cleistanthus are new genera to the Indian Tertiary flora. The megafloral assemblage of the Surai Khola sequence, including 21 taxa reported earlier, now comprises 53 taxa of angiosperms. Most of the extant species resembling the fossil taxa are distributed in tropical evergreen to semi-evergreen forests of Western Ghats, northern India, Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar and in Southeast Asia which suggest that warm humid climate with higher precipitation prevailed in the area during Middle Miocene-Pliocene. Looking at the floral assemblages of different formations of the Surai Khola sequence, from base to the top sediments belonging to the Lower, Middle and Upper Siwaliks, one may find a gradual shift in the vegetation pattern. The basal sediments of Bankas and Chor Khola formations have preponderance of a lowland mixed mesophytic broad leaved evergreen to semi-evergreen elements. An increase in deciduous elements in the floral composition consequent to the disappearance of dipterocarpus and other significant evergreen taxa is noticed towards the close of Middle Siwalik and the beginning of Upper Siwalik. This change in the vegetation pattern reflects the changes in climatic conditions which are mainly due to northward movement of the Indian Plate and further uplift of Himalaya.


Eighty-four cases of posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia in children are reviewed. The most frequent signs were respiratory insufficiency, cyanosis and costal indrawing. The diagnosis was clinically established in over one half of the cases. In most of the patients, the studies showed respiratory acidosis. Also, radiological studies showed, in most of the cases, elevation of the hemidiaphragm with basal opacity of the hemithorax. For surgical treatment, the choice route was the abdominal. Overall mortality reached 37%.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Ureteral stents are commonly used in endoscopic surgery for urinary calculi but are frequently associated with stent encrustation and stent-related infections. New biomaterials and coatings have been designed to overcome these disadvantages. However, there are no real-world reports comparing biomaterial encrustation of different stents. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the adherence of bacteria, Ca, and Mg to three different ureteral stents after endoscopic surgery for urinary calculi. METHODS: A total of 61 patients requiring insertion of ureteral stents after the treatment of urinary calculi were randomly placed into 3 groups [Percu fl ex Ⓡ with a coating composition of Hydroplus, Group 1 (n [ 21); Tria, with a coating composition of Percushied Ⓡ , Group 2 (n [ 22); InLay Optima Ⓡ , which had a proprietary pHreeCoat coating, Group 3 (n [ 18)]. All stents were removed one month after treatment and evaluated. A stent was immersed in a solution of saline and hy- drochloric acid at pH 2 and subsequently vortexed for one hour. Ca and Mg contents were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Bacteria were measured using fl ow cytometry. RESULTS: There were no signi fi cant differences about patients and stone characteristics. The incidence of stone encrustation was signi fi cantly higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3 (33.3%, 11.7%, and 7.7%, respectively; p [ 0.02). The median amount (IQR) of Ca adhered to the stents in Group 1 was signi fi cantly higher than that in Groups 2 and 3 (5.51 (2.28-6.18), 1,91 (0.53-4.48), 2.30 (0.76-3.03) mg/ dL respectively, p [ 0.024). The median amount (IQR) of Mg in Group 1 was signi fi cantly higher than that in Groups 2 and 3 (0.20 (0.15-0.23), 0.06 (0.04-0.20), 0.03 (0.03-0.13) mg/dL respectively, p [ 0.005). The median number (IQR) of bacteria was also highest in Group 1 (33.76 (23.13-109.43), 13.80 (6.23-56.25), 8.33 (6.80-21.20), respectively, p [ 0.056); however, there were no signi fi cant differences in bacterial adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized study showed that stents with Percusheild coating and pHreeCoat coating decreased the adherence of Ca, Mg after endoscopic treatment. These stents could reduce stent encrustation and stent-related infections.


The nature of the relationship of copyright law and contracts has long been overlooked . This article begins by outlining the two paradigms of contracts, namely the understanding that contracts can be used to either a) provide copyright style protection, or b) provide the basis of the relationships between authors, distributors and content recipients. The article argues that both types, in different ways, have undermined the existing copyright balance in the UK and US. The copyright balance can be restored by requiring that contracts which involve copyright works adhere to basic fundamental principles of the copyright balancing exercise. This can be achieved by utilising the arguments of Chief Justice Crabb in Pro CD, a case heard in the Western District of Wisconsin in the US during 1996.


Media thermal stability is characterized by using spin-stand tests for both signal and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decay. Agreement is shown between vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and spin-stand evaluations of the thermal decay rate dependence on linear density. For an equalized system, there is linear correlation between measured SNR and signal decay rates. Equalization to targets with DC content will result in higher decay


Ordered mesoporous thin-film carbon (TFC) material, of short channels vertical to the film, was synthesized by hard templating and deposited with PtRu nanocatalyst as an anodic material in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). A series of PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles supported on ozone-pretreated carbon were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. For 20 wt % PtRu catalyst supported on a 30 min ozone-pretreated TFC gave an unprecedented current density of 410 mA/mgPtRu at 0.5 V relative to reference hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 60 °C. The ozone treatment method introduces an easily controllable way for surface modification of mesoporous carbon which was found to modulate the surface composition and structure of the deposited PtRu nanoparticles. The greatly enhanced methanol electrochemical oxidation activity, at an optimum ozone treatment, was ascribed to facile tr...


Women in custody represent the minority (5%) of offenders within the overall prison population, although in 2016 women carried out 21% of all acts of self-harm that took place in custody in England and Wales (Ministry of Justice, 2016). To date, reviews of the literature have not considered in detail the role prison peer support may play for women who self-harm in custody. This thesis from a gendered perspective, explores the perceptions and experiences of the Listeners Scheme as a form of peer support and its contribution to supporting women to manage their self-harm in custody. Perspectives are sought from prisoners, staff and listeners as part of an in-depth case study design. Conversely, as an established prison peer support scheme for over two decades, research on the Listener Scheme and its contribution to the support of women who self-harm in custody has yet to be paid significant attention.

The research employed a mixed methods approach with a quantitative questionnaire and a variety of qualitative data collection tools, which included a focus group, semi-structured interviews, and observations of the prison site.

This thesis proposes the implementation of the Island Model for women who self-harm in custody. Women in the current research prioritised professional support for self-harm above peer support (Listener Scheme) which was an unexpected finding when compared with previous research. This finding led to the development of the Island Model - which includes professional and Listener support - as a way of understanding the value of a multi-disciplinary approach for women who self- harm in custody. Findings also support a gendered approach for women who self-harm in custody and in particular, that the Listener Scheme should incorporate gender-specific elements such as the difficulties women experience with men and the displacement of their mother role to support women who self-harm in custody. It is suggested that these elements should be given a significant focus by the prison estate, to reduce the potential triggers for self-harm for this specific group.

The original contributions to knowledge of this thesis is as follows:

- The development of the Island Model for understanding how the prison environment in which peer support sits can better support women who self-harm in custody.
- Women prioritised professional support for self-harm above peer support (Listener Scheme) when this was provided within a prison site that operates a Therapeutic Community. It is therefore suggested that listeners and staff members should work more closely together to support self-harm, whilst maintaining the confidentiality ethos of the Listener Scheme.
- A multi-disciplinary approach for women who self-harm in custody needs to be inclusive of support from staff and peers.
- A gendered approach within the Listener Scheme for women who self-harm in custody needs to reflect women's difficulties with men, the displacement of their mother role and their desire for attachment in custody.


Introduction: the oral implantology is a defiance to the modern odontology, it offer satisfactory result, aesthetic and functional extremely to the patients, to have present the discernment and diagnostic protocols is a fundamental requirements to know and interpret the mechanic and biologic failure that can be present. Objective: To establish some possible causes for mechanical and biologic complications on the rehabilitation with oral implants, also to describes some preventive strategies for the planning stage, treatments and the later maintenance period to achieve a long-term success with dental implants. Material and Methods: had been describe for different authors the basic cause of the failure in oral implantology, by means of mistakes during different established protocols, such as inappropriate selection of the patients, don't respect to the maxillary and mandible biology, trauma during oral surgery and inappropriate prosthesis rehabilitation, in general way. We made a review of the literature about failure in the design, numbers, longitude, diameters, and biologic place where the implant will be placed, the planning of the future dentures also, overload, biomechanics occlusion, and the distribution of the oclusal load. Development: to be established the essential premises that determine failure in the dentals implant, during planning and patients selection, in the surgical and prosthetic stages, in the laboratory and maintenance phases. Conclusions: in dental implants the professional preoccupation not should be only about planning and treatment, should be extensive to control and maintenance of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2012:11(4)563-572 http://scielo.sld.cu 565 them, to detect primary complications, to make interventions in the necessary moments, and to obtain long-term and success with dental implants rehabilitation.


Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. Museums are rich sources of artifacts, people and potential dialogic interactions. Recent developments in web technologies pose big challenges to museums to integrate such technologies in their learning provision. The study presented here is concerned with the potential of how school visits to museums can be enhanced by the use of social media. The Museum of London (MoL) is selected as the site of the study and the participants were a Year 9 History class (13-14 years old) in a secondary school in Milton Keynes. It draws on Falk and Dierking's (2000) Contextual Model of Learning and considers evidence of meaning making from students' tweets and activity on-site. Observational data during the visit, the visit's Twitter stream and post-visit interview data with the participants is presented and analysed. It is argued that use of Twitter, a microblogging platform (http://twitter.com), enhances the social interaction around museum artifacts and thus, the process of shared construction of meaning making, which can enrich the museum experience. Harnessing the power of original, real things, that's what learning in museums is all about … Osborne (2004) Introduction New technologies and online services have changed the web radically in the past few years. As a result, our society has witnessed a shift to the means that were traditionally employed for communication and learning. This development brings both opportunities and challenges, for rethinking learning and education in both formal and non-formal learning spaces, such as museums. Many museums, especially in western cultures, have responded to the challenges brought by social media and have embraced them enthusiastically (e.g. Smithsonian Institution, Tate Gallery, Museum of Modern Art). The discussion in the sector concerns the promises, opportunities, possibilities and realities brought by social media: for interaction and collaboration; for engaging with an audience beyond the physical location; for increasing geographic reach and their potential impact; for learning. Yet, despite this promise, social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter are still predominantly used for marketing and public relations, providing a platform for question and answer type interactions between the public and the museum. Little is known, thus, about the nature, scope and implications of this fast, but uneven uptake of social media in …


Vehicle lightweighting is today recognized as one of the predominant approaches to improve fuel efficiency and reduce anthropogenic climate-changing, environment-damaging, costly and human death-causing emissions, since every 10% reduction in weight would lead to about 6~8% increase in fuel efficiency. This, along with materials designed for improved fatigue, creep, impact or corrosion resistance, has been identified as one of six areas critical to solving national and global grand challenges. Magnesium alloy, as an ultra-lightweight metallic structural material, has been increasingly used in the transportation industry to reduce the weight of vehicles. However, the hexagonal close-packed crystal structure of magnesium alloys limits the availability of slip systems and results in strong mechanical anisotropy and tension-compression yield asymmetry due to the presence of twinning and the related development of deformation texture. For the vehicle components subjected to dynamic cyclic loading, such asymmetry could exert an unfavorable influence on the material performance and compromise the structural integrity, safety, and durability of highly loaded structural components. This problem could be overcome through weakening the basal texture via the addition of rare-earth (RE) elements. In this talk a few examples on the deformation behavior of extruded magnesium alloys containing both high and low RE contents will be presented in comparison with RE-free extruded magnesium alloys. Furthermore, twinning and twin growth during uniaxial compression along the extrusion direction and de-twinning along the transverse direction will be discussed as well.


Many contemporary students are unfamiliar with the cultural history of television programming in the United States. References to iconic series that represented significant milestones in minority representations and discussions of racial issues—such as I Spy, Julia, All in the Family, or even The Cosby Show—fail to serve as useful examples when instructors cannot assume widespread familiarity. The exercise described in this note uses cover images from the magazine TV Guide between 1953 and 1997 to illustrate changing representation of minorities, present an overview of television programming history, and provide an opportunity to apply theoretical insights. Using a web-based archive of the magazine covers, the students can observe the emergence of nonwhite entertainers not only on the television screens but also onto the coffee tables of mainstream American families. This exercise can precede several discussions about racial issues, such as minority representation, cultural reflection, or post-civil-rights-era history.


The subject of the treatment of fibromas of the uterus by non-surgical methods is one of such importance, that all data having a bearing on the subsequent behavior of such growths should be carefully recorded. The time must of necessity be very great which must lapse in any individual case, before the final evidence can be secured as to the subsequent degenerations, for example, after the application of the Roentgen ray or radium. Of peculiar importance is the question whether the sarcomatous or other forms of malignant degeneration are less liable to occur after such treatment, or whether they occur at all. While no exact percentage can be given, it is certain that sarcomatous degeneration is a definite risk in untreated fibroma of the uterus. Many series of reports, especially those of aggregates made up from many sources, are almost without statistical value, as for a long time in many


The self-incompatible (SI) Brassica napus line W1, which carries the 910 S allele, was transformed with an inactive copy of the 910 S locus receptor kinase (SRK) gene. Two transformed lines were analyzed based on their heritable ability to set self-seed. The first line was virtually completely self-compatible (SC), and reciprocal pollinations with the original W1 line demonstrated that only the stigma side of the SI phenotype was altered. An analysis of the expression of endogenous SRK-910 demonstrated that the mechanism of transgene action is via gene suppression. Furthermore, the expression of the S locus glycoprotein gene present in the 910 allele (SLG-910), SLG-A10, which is derived from a nonfunctional S allele, and an S locus–related gene were also suppressed. When the transgene was crossed into another SI line carrying the A14 S allele, it was also capable of suppressing the expression of the endogenous genes and of making this line SC. The second transgenic line studied was only partly SC. In this case as well, only the stigma phenotype was affected, although no gene suppression was detected for endogenous SRK-910 or SLG-910. In this line, the expression of the transgene most likely was causing the change in phenotype, and no effect was observed when this transgene was crossed into the other SI line. Therefore, this work reinforces the hypothesis that the SRK gene is required, but only for the stigma side of the SI phenotype, and that a single transgene can alter the SI phenotype of more than one S allele.


The transcription factor SNAIL1 is a master regulator of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. SNAIL1 is a very unstable protein, and its levels are regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP1 that interacts with SNAIL1 upon its phosphorylation by GSK-3β. Here we show that SNAIL1 polyubiquitylation and degradation may occur in conditions precluding SNAIL1 phosphorylation by GSK-3β, suggesting that additional E3 ligases participate in the control of SNAIL1 protein stability. In particular, we demonstrate that the F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXl14 interacts with SNAIL1 and promotes its ubiquitylation and proteasome degradation independently of phosphorylation by GSK-3β. In vivo, inhibition of FBXl14 using short hairpin RNA stabilizes both ectopically expressed and endogenous SNAIL1. Moreover, the expression of FBXl14 is potently down-regulated during hypoxia, a condition that increases the levels of SNAIL1 protein but not SNAIL1 mRNA. FBXL14 mRNA is decreased in tumors with a high expression of two proteins up-regulated in hypoxia, carbonic anhydrase 9 and TWIST1. In addition, Twist1 small interfering RNA prevents hypoxia-induced Fbxl14 down-regulation and SNAIL1 stabilization in NMuMG cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate the existence of an alternative mechanism controlling SNAIL1 protein levels relevant for the induction of SNAIL1 during hypoxia.


Methods for optimal factor rotation of two-facet loading matrices have recently been proposed. However, the problem of the correct number of factors to retain for rotation of two-facet loading matrices has rarely been addressed in the context of exploratory factor analysis. Most previous studies were based on the observation that two-facet loading matrices may be rank deficient when the salient loadings of each factor have the same sign. It was shown here that full-rank two-facet loading matrices are, in principle, possible, when some factors have positive and negative salient loadings. Accordingly, the current simulation study on the number of factors to extract for two-facet models was based on rank-deficient and full-rank two-facet population models. The number of factors to extract was estimated from traditional parallel analysis based on the mean of the unreduced eigenvalues as well as from nine other rather traditional versions of parallel analysis (based on the 95th percentile of eigenvalues, based on reduced eigenvalues, based on eigenvalue differences). Parallel analysis based on the mean eigenvalues of the correlation matrix with the squared multiple correlations of each variable with the remaining variables inserted in the main diagonal had the highest detection rates for most of the two-facet factor models. Recommendations for the identification of the correct number of factors are based on the simulation results, on the results of an empirical example data set, and on the conditions for approximately rank-deficient and full-rank two-facet models.


A cobalt-catalyzed reaction protocol is developed to achieve the intramolecular oxidative C(sp3)-H/N-H carbonylation of aliphatic amides with CO. Various substituted propanamides are selectively transformed into corresponding succinimides in good to high yields. Notably, predominant selectivity for the carbonylation at the α-methyl groups of linear aliphatic amides is observed in this reaction system.


This paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite-element methods (FEMs) applied to the analysis and simulation of rubber and rubber-like materials. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations on the subject that were published between 1976-1997. The following topics are included: incompressible elasticity problems in general, mechanical and material properties, a finite-element library for incompressible materials, contact problems, fracture mechanics, machine elements/structures, material processing and other topics.


The performance of pulsed current gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) and conventional gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes in welding of 2.5 mm thin stainless steel sheet at different heat input has been studied. The use of P-GMAW at low heat input has been found superior to the use of GMAW process with respect to significant reduction in intergranular corrosion (IGC) susceptibility along with considerable improvement in some other characteristics of weld joint by maintaining comparable mechanical properties. It was further observed that the IGC, weld geometry and microstructure of P-GMA weld joint are largely governed by pulse parameters, and varies as a function of factor φ, defined as a summarized influence of pulse parameters such as peak current, base current, pulse-off time and pulse frequency. The increase of φ has been found favourable to reduce IGC, weld geometry along with refinement of the cast (dendritic) structure of weld deposit.


A goal of breeding programs for resistance to white pine blister rust is the development of multigenic resistance, even if the genetics and mechanisms of resistance may be imperfectly understood. The goal of multigenic resistance has prompted efforts to categorize host resistance reactions at increasingly finer scales, to identify heritable traits that may confer quantitative resistance. PCR amplification of Cronartium ribicola DNA presents a sensitive and highly specific method for detection of C. ribicola in host tissues, and is well suited to screening of large numbers of samples for which other methods of pathogen detection (e.g., microscopy) may be unsuitable. PCR amplification can be used to detect presence of the pathogen in different host tissues, and so can provide useful information on putatative resistance responses that may be localized in specific tissue types.


AbstractBackground: We investigated the feasibility of using intravenous magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent as a gastrointestinal oral negative contrast agent to null the bowel signal during MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).
Methods: In the first part of the study, a phantom study was performed to select the optimal concentration of MR contrast agent to be used as an oral negative contrast agent in MRCP. In the second part of the study, 23 consecutive patients suffering from different pancreaticobiliary diseases were imaged with a single-shot fast spin-echo pulse sequence. The data acquisition was started without oral contrast agent and then repeated with oral contrast agent. From the MR images taken with and without oral contrast agent, the gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct were assessed and graded by two radiologists.
Results: The oral contrast agent was tolerated well by all patients. In all patients the high signal intensity from the intestinal fluid was completely suppressed. The depictions of the gallbladder and cystic duct were slightly and moderately improved, respectively, whereas the depictions of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct were markedly improved by the oral contrast agent administration.
Conclusion: Diluted intravenous MR contrast agent can be an effective and safe oral negative contrast agent in eliminating signal intensity of the gastrointestinal tract, thus improving the depiction of the biliary system in MRCP.


This article argues that constitutionalism is a 'disease' that afflicts
Thailand's body politic, reflecting intense contestation
among rival elite power-holders. The recent debates concerning
political reform in Thailand (which culminated in the promulgation
of the 1997 constitution) illustrate this contestation
vividly. The vague, positive-sounding term 'political reform'
actually means many different things to different people: it is a
highly contested concept which has been used to legitimate a
variety of political agendas, ranging from progressive ideas, to
deeply conservative and even anti-democratic sentiments. The
resulting constitution is an excessively long and deeply unsatisfactory
document. Nevertheless, it may contain certain details
that offer opportunities for the future opening-up of greater
political space.


Two diterpenes were isolated from the leaves of Xylopia langsdorffiana , the new ent -atisane- 7 α ,16 α -diol named xylodiol ( 1 ) and the known 8 (17),12 E ,14-labdatrien-18-oic acid ( 2 ). The structures of these isolates were deduced by spectroscopic data interpretation. Compound 2 was less toxic than xylodiol on V79 cells and hepatocytes.


We address the problem of global sensor fusion for the purpose of distributed decision-making, from a control-theoretic perspective. In particular, we introduce a quasi-linear stochastic distributed protocol, using which a network of sensing agents can reach agreement in order to take a collective action. Using control-theoretic methods, we design the parameters of our protocol - which include weights in the local update rules used by the agents and a finite stopping time - to achieve agreement in a fair and rapid manner. We show analytically that the developed protocol achieves fair agreement with certainty in the noise-free case and achieves fair agreement with high probability even in the presence of communication noise and assuming very little information storage capability for the agents. Our development is illustrated throughout with a canonical example motivated by autonomous vehicle control


This paper presents a fully coupled thermomechanical model for the linear friction welding process of Inconel-718 nickel-base superalloy by using the finite element method. Friction heat, plastic work, and contact formulation were taken into account for two deformable plastic bodies oscillating relative to each other under large compressive force. The modelling results of the thermal history at the weldline interface and thermal field at a distance away from the rubbing surfaces were compared to instrumented data sourced from related publications for model verification. Optimal LFW process parameters were identified via comparison of weld temperature to the liquidus temperature of Inconel-718 (IN718) alloy. Comparison of interface temperature showed a consistent range of values above the solidus melting temperature (1250 °C) and below the liquidus melting temperature (1360 °C) of Inconel-718 alloy. For the first time, a visible linear friction welding process window is identified using a thermomechanical computational modelling method. Through computational modelling, the influence of welding process parameters on the heat transfer and deformation of weld was systematically investigated.


This study applied classical and intercritical heat treatments to maraging steel (MS1) samples produced with standard additive manufacturing (AM) production parameters. The effects of heat treatment parameters on the microstructure-phase changes of the material were investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Electron Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) techniques. Likewise, microhardness and dry sliding wear tests were performed to determine the relationship of heat treatment parameters (especially intercritical heat treatment) to the mechanical properties and wear of the material. The results reveal that the intercritical heat treatment is exciting for the AM/MS1 material.


We have extended our photomodulation studies of nc-Si:H to the picosecond time domain. We measured the decays of photoinduced reflectivity with 100fs temporal resolution as a function of light intensity. Comparison with the data obtained on a-Si:H and c-Si indicates that ultrafast trapping and recombination processes are mainly the properties of the amorphous phase. It has also been observed that nc-Si:H is unstable under high illumination.


Strata exposed in the La Popa Basin of northern Mexico range in age from Late Jurassic through middle Eocene and record the evolution of the region currently lying in the foreland of the Sierra Madre orogen from extensional to contractional tectonics. The facies distribution and geometry of the strata demonstrate that salt diapirism was active at least from late Aptian-middle Eocene. Jurassic rocks include evaporites of the Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian Minas Viejas Formation, which is exposed only in diapiric bodies in the basin. The evaporites contain three types of blocks transported to their present levels during diapirism: (1) mafic to intermediate metaigneous rocks with latest Jurassic 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages (146 Ma); (2) laminated and nodular gypsum; and (3) Kimmeridgian limestone (Zuloaga Limestone). This Upper Jurassic lithic assemblage represents different parts of a formerly thick (at least 1000 m) stratigraphic section deposited in an extensional, or pull-apart, basin. Post-Jurassic rocks of the basin range from Early Cretaceous to middle Eocene and record both carbonate and siliciclastic deposition in dominant deltaic, shallow-marine, and tidal settings, as well as subordinate basinal and coastal-plain environments. This exposed section is at least 6400 m thick. The Lower Cretaceous section is thin (~100 m) and locally consists of carbonate biostromes deposited on bathymetric highs adjacent to a diapiric salt wall. These carbonates are late Aptian-late Albian in age and much thinner than their regional correlatives. The lower part of the Upper Cretaceous is represented by the Indidura and Parras Formations, the former a basinal carbonate, the latter a prodeltaic or basinal shale that underlies the Difunta Group, a constructional continental-margin clastic wedge or embankment that filled the La Popa Basin. The Difunta Group in the La Popa Basin spans the Maestrichtian-middle Eocene. Lenticular carbonate beds as much as 350 m thick are interbedded with mud-rock intervals of the Difunta Group and represent deposition on bathymetric highs created by rising salt bodies.


Editor In this, my first editorial, as the editor of Nurse Researcher I would like to thank Leslie Gelling for his exceptional work over the past five years to grow the journal into the excellent publication that it is today. I am excited to have the opportunity to work with the RCN Publishing editorial team on plans to continue developing the journal in the coming years. Appointing an editor from Australia highlights the commitment to enhancing the journal's international profile. Certainly one of my key tasks will be to work with the editorial advisory board to showcase the journal to the wider international audience. More details of the specific developments planned for Nurse Researcher will be revealed in the coming months.


English language is versatile having excellent qualities to fascinate the readers by its beauty of narration and expression. The particular quality comes from within through its vast variety of uses. It has some distinct categories of words called figures of speech. It is a mode of expression in which words are used out of their literal meaning or ordinary use to create an effect, often where they do not have their original or literal meaning. It is also used to add beauty, intensify emotion and present a meaning familiar to reader by comparing one thing with another. As an integral part of language, figures of speech are found in oral literatures as well as in polished poetry and prose and in everyday speech. Common figures of speech include simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, irony, alliteration, onomatopoeia, pun, apostrophe, euphemism, repetition, oxymoron, imagery, allegory etc. (Ref.5)


A rare case of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) located in the ramus of the mandible with involvement of the coronoid process is presented. The pressure of the slow growing tumor apparently caused severe resorption of the zigomatic arch. Treatment consisted of enucleation of the tumor via a pre-auricular access. A two year follow-up showed restoration of facial symmetry and partial regeneration of the coronoid process. To our knowledge this is the second published case of an ABC of the coronoid process of the mandible.


Objective: to understand nursing care strategies during the implementation of the Psychosocial Care Centers. Methods: this is a qualitative research with a social-historical approach, whose primary sources were written documents and seven oral statements. Results: the care strategies evidenced were: integration in the team; organization of the work process; study group; interdisciplinary action; workshops; use of light care technologies. Conclusion: the strategies were in agreement with the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform movement and reinforced that the nurse was a fundamental member in the team for the development of the deinstitutionalization and psychosocial rehabilitation with the patients of the Psychosocial Care Centers researched. Descriptors: Nursing; Strategies; Mental Health Services.


A newly revised, expanded, and updated version of the late Robert Sobel's standard reference work, this set is an authoritative and easy-to-use source of detailed biographical information about all members of the Executive Branch-cabinet heads, presidents, and vice presidents-from the first president of the Continental Congress through the administration of George W. Bush. Researchers will find the most significant dates in the subject's life and information about family, religious affiliation, career prior to and after cabinet duty, organizational affiliations, awards and honors, major publications, and date and place of death. Each entry also contains a short bibliographic reference to important primary and secondary works to be consulted for additional information. This treasure trove of useful information saves researchers the tedious and time-consuming task of scouring through biographies or other voluminous writings to find a sought-after date, event, award, or other biographical detail. Students, professionals, and amateur researchers alike will find these volumes a useful tool for exploring American politics, past and present.


OBJECTIVES
To find out the changes in psychosocial behavior of the disabled children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study area comprises of villages under rural field practice area of Rural Medical College, Loni. 7300 children of the age group of 0-14 years from the total population of 20,533 were studied by community based cross- sectional study. House to house survey was conducted to identify disabled children using a pre-tested questionnaire by interview technique. Child behavior check list (CBCL) which was developed by T.M. Atenbach was the tool used to assess the comprehensive, multi informant evaluation of child's behavior.

RESULTS
The overall prevalence rate of disabilities in children was 2.25%. Psychosocial behavioral changes were observed more in children with multiple and miscellaneous disability which includes cerebral palsy and was followed by mental retardation, locomotor disability, visual impairment and least among the children with hearing and speech impairment. Psychosocial behavioral changes among the children with disabilities were statistically significant.

CONCLUSION
The result of the study necessitates organizing counseling to disabled children and parents, community based rehabilitation program and integration of disabled into the main stream education to reduce the psychosocial behavioral changes.


: Aquaculture in open sea-cages attracts large numbers of wild fish. Such aggregations may have various impacts on farmed and wild fish, the environment, fish farming, and fisheries activities. Therefore, it is important to understand the patterns and amount of wild fish aggregations at aquaculture sites. In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for automated detection of fish has seen major advancements, and this technology can be applied to wild fish abundance monitoring. We present a monitoring procedure that uses a combination of multiple cameras and automatic fish detection by AI. Wild fish in images collected around commercial salmon cages in Norway were automatically identified and counted by a system based on the real-time object detector framework YOLOv4, and the results were compared with manual human counts. Overall, the automatic system resulted in higher fish numbers than the manual counts. The performance of the system was satisfactory regarding false negatives (i.e. non-detected fish), while the false positive (i.e. objects wrongly detected as fish) rate was above 7%, which was considered an acceptable limit of error in comparison with the manual counts. The main causes of false positives were confusing backgrounds and mismatches between detection thresholds for automated and manual counts. However, these issues can be overcome by using training images that represent real scenarios (i.e. various backgrounds and fish densities) and setting proper detection thresholds. We present here a procedure with great potential for autonomous monitoring of wild fish abundance at aquaculture sites.