Objective. To investigate the effects of practicing Baduanjin Qigong on different health outcomes. Methods. Six electronic databases were used for literature search through entering the following key words: Baduanjin Qigong, quality of life, sleep quality, and health-related outcomes. Results. Nineteen randomized controlled trials were used for meta-analysis. The aggregated results from this systematic review have shown significant benefits in favour of Baduanjin Qigong on quality of life The aggregated results of meta-analyses examining the effect of Baduanjin Qigong on leg power, cardiopulmonary endurance, and pulmonary function remain unclear because of a small number of studies. Conclusions. The aggregated results from this systematic review show that Baduanjin Qigong practice is beneficial for quality of life, sleep quality, balance, handgrip strength, trunk flexibility, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate. Further studies are necessary to confirm the effects of Baduanjin Qigong on leg power, cardiopulmonary endurance, and pulmonary function (e.g., vital capacity), while considering a long-term follow-up. Registration Number. This trial is registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42016036966.


Two different sizes of PbO nanoparticles, notably PbO(A) and PbO(B) with sizes of 78 nm and 54 nm, respectively are produced using a high-speed planetary ball milling machine under specific operating parameters. Following, the novel nanocomposite PS/PbO is synthesized using compression molding by embedding 10, 15, 25, and 35 wt% of PbO(Bulk), PbO(A) and PbO(B) into PS separately. The composite is further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). FTIR results confirm the presence of PbO, and indicate a physical adsorption of the nanoparticle onto the PS matrix surface. SEM, EDS and LIBS analyses reveal a more efficient diffusion of PbO in the PS matrix with the decrease of the nanoparticle size. On the other hand, Tensile and Vickers microhardness tests are performed to investigate the composite's mechanical properties. The stiffness is, indeed, enhanced with increasing weight fraction, as well as with decreasing particle size of PbO. Whereas, the strength of the composite is optimized with 15wt% of PbO. Microhardness test reveals an ISE behavior of the composite, and an increase in H v values with PbO loads up to 15 wt%. Accordingly, by adjusting the filler particle size and concentration, the mechanical properties of the composite are evidently enhanced, increasing their use in a variety of applications such as coating, insulation and radiation shield.


To investigate the main impacts of the recent increase of oil price on oil exporting economies, we estimate a DSGE model for a sample of 16 oil exporting countries (Algeria, Argentina, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela) over the period from 1980 to 2010, except for Russia where our sample begins in 1992. In order to distinguish between high-dependent and low-dependent countries, we use two indicators: the ratio of fuel exports to total merchandise export and the ratio of oil exports to GDP. We verify if the first group is more sensitive to the Dutch disease effect. We also assess the role of monetary policy. Our main findings are twofold. First, our results confirm the fact that the Dutch disease occurs mainly in high oil dependent countries. More precisely, we find that the manufacturing production decreases in the aftermath of a positive oil price shock in six countries (on eight) of our first sample while only Mexico suffers from a Dutch disease in the sample of low oil dependent economies. Second, the appropriate monetary policy rule -exchange rate rule versus inflation targeting one-to prevent the Dutch disease differs according to the countries. In other words, the best monetary rule is specific to each country. JEL codes: E3, F4, Q40


This paper presents a survey registration framework to assist in the recurrent inspection of a natural environment. Our framework coarsely aligns surveys at the image‐level using visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), and it registers images at the pixel‐level using SIFT Flow, which enables rapid manual inspection. The variation in appearance of natural environments makes data association a primary challenge of this work. We discuss this and other challenges, including 1) alternative approaches for coarsely aligning surveys of a natural environment, 2) how to select which images to compare between two surveys, and 3) strategies to boost image registration accuracy. We evaluate each stage of our approach, emphasizing alignment accuracy and stability with respect to large seasonal variations. Our domain is lakeshore monitoring, in which an autonomous surface vessel surveyed a 1‐km lakeshore 33 times in 14 months. Our results show that our framework precisely aligns a significant number of images between surveys captured up to roughly three months apart, often across marked variation in appearance. Using these results, a human was able to spot several changes between surveys that would have otherwise gone unnoticed.


Introduction and Aims The identification of complex chronic polymicrobial infections, such as those observed in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, are often a diagnostic challenge. Few studies have compared culture-dependent methods with molecular identification making it hard to describe bacterial communities in a comprehensive manner. The aim of the study is to compare four different methods with respect to their similarities and differences in detection of bacteria. Methods We compared41 sputum samples fromroutine clinical-culture, extended-culture (aerobic and anaerobic), and molecular identification such as Roche 454-FLX Titanium and T-RFLP to assess concurrence between methodologies in detecting bacteria. The agreement between methodologies in detecting either absence or presence of bacterial taxa was assessed by Kappa (κ) statistics. Results The majority of bacterial taxa identified by culture were also identified with molecular analysis. In total 2, 60, 25, and 179 different bacterial taxa were identified with clinical-culture, extended-culture, T-RFLP and 454-FLX respectively. Clinical-culture, extended-culture and T-RFLP were poor predictors of species richness when compared to 454-FLX (p < 0.0001). Agreement between methods for detecting Pseudomonas sp. and Burkholderia sp. was good with κ ≥ 0.7 [p < 0.0001] and κ ≥ 0.9 [p < 0.0001] respectively. Detection of anaerobic bacteria, such as Prevotella sp. and Veillonella sp., was moderate between extended-culture and 454-FLX with κ = 0.461 [p < 0.0001] and κ = 0.311 [p = 0.032] respectively, and good between T-RFLP and 454-FLX with κ = 0.577 [p < 0.0001] and κ = 0.808 [p < 0.0001] respectively. Agreement between methods for other main bacterial taxa, such as Staphylcoccus sp. and Streptococcus sp., was poor with only a moderate agreement for detection of Streptococcus sp. observed between T-RFLP and 454-FLX (κ = 0.221 [p = 0.024]). Conclusions This study demonstrates the increased sensitivity culture-independent microbial identification such as the 454-FLX have over clinical-culture, extended-culture and T-RFLP methodologies. The extended-culture detected majority of the most prevalent bacterial taxa associated with chronic colonisation of the CF airways which were also detected by culture-independent methodologies. However, agreement between methods in detecting number of potentially relevant bacteria is largely lacking.


The wireless sensor networks community, has now an increased understanding of the need for realistic link layer models. Recent experimental studies have shown that real deployments have a "transitional region" with highly unreliable links, and that therefore the idealized perfect-reception-within-range models used in common network simulation tools can be very misleading. In this paper, we use mathematical techniques from communication theory to model and analyze the low power wireless links. The primary contribution of this work is the identification of the causes of the transitional region, and a quantification of their influence. Specifically, we derive expressions for the packet reception rate as a function of distance, and for the width of the transitional region. These expressions incorporate important channel and radio parameters such as the path loss exponent and shadowing variance of the channel; and the modulation and encoding of the radio. A key finding is that for radios using narrow-band modulation, the transitional region is not an artifact of the radio non-ideality, as it would exist even with perfect-threshold receivers because of multi-path fading. However, we hypothesize that radios with mechanisms to combat multi-path effects, such as spread-spectrum and diversity techniques, can reduce the transitional region.


Building on the comparative insights of this monograph issue's contributors, this article offers a theoretical research agenda intended to transcend dichotomization and developmental divides. It argues that instead of a priori ascribing an undesirable normative character to informality, its presence should be seen as an opportunity for understanding the conditions under which multiple forms of claims-making, democracy, and justice will materialize. It further argues that informality serves as an under-explored but critical analytical point of departure for theorizing governance, citizenship, and social order. The article concludes with some thoughts on state theory and how informality provides a lens for conceiving of governance as a system of practices that link citizens, states, and markets, in turn providing a new way of categorizing similarities and differences across various state and developmental contexts.


In view of the coming major asset replacement wave of power grid components, new lifetime prediction tools are developed to assist asset managers in making technically and economically sound decisions. This paper discusses the modeling technique based on the concept of quality parameters applied to paper insulated systems. The concept of quality parameters was recently introduced for power transformers to obtain a measurable quantity which relates the actual degradation process to an observable quantity. The present paper discusses a general approach for modeling other power components along the same lines. In case of a power transformer, oil samples can be taken and analyzed in order to estimate the DP (degree of polymerization) value, which is linked to the mechanical strength of the insulation material. This quantity then serves as quality parameter. Using a probabilistic approach based on the physical degradation mechanism a remaining lifetime model was developed. This resulted in a scheme, which is flexible in the sense that any new available data can be included to enhance the prediction reliability. The question addressed here is whether a similar approach can be applied to other power components as well. In particular we have investigated the possible use of quality parameters which are not directly correlated to one degradation mechanism. We will define different kinds of quality parameters and propose a component reliability model that incorporates all of these.


A methodology for the systematic design of a programmable operational amplifier (opamp) is described. With this methodology, the opamp is programmable concerning noise and power consumption while keeping the stability for the whole operation range with a constant phase margin of phi res =70deg. The theoretical model is developed with the help of the transfer characteristics of the opamp determining the degrees of freedom. Experimental results for a 0.35-mum CMOS opamp show either ultra low-noise of 2 nV/radicHz or low-power consumption of 140 muW while keeping the opamp stable over the whole range of programmability


With the enormous growth of data, retrieving information from the Web became more desirable and even more challenging because of the Big Data issues (e.g. noise, corruption, bad quality...etc.). Expert seeking, defined as returning a ranked list of expert researchers given a topic, has been a real concern in the last 15 years. This kind of task comes in handy when building scientific committees, requiring to identify the scholars' experience to assign them the most suitable roles in addition to other factors as well. Due to the fact the Web is drowning with plenty of data, this opens up the opportunity to collect different kinds of expertise evidence. In this paper, we propose an expert seeking approach with specifying the most desirable features (i.e. criteria on which researcher's evaluation is done) along with their estimation techniques. We utilized some machine learning techniques in our system and we aim at verifying the effectiveness of incorporating influential features that go beyond publications.


Abstract Background: Smilax glabra Roxb (SGR) as a novel anti-tumor agent has been paid attention in several types of cancer cells. However, the effect of SGR on SGC7901 cells has not been investigated. Purpose: We investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of SGR on SGC7901 cells in this study. Methods: Three kinds of gastric cancer cell lines (BGC823, SGC7901 and MKN45) and one kind of human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293) were exposed to varying concentrations of SRG. Then, we observed the effect of SRG on these cell lines and the changes on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. Finally, we detected the signaling pathway in which SGR may involve. Results: SGR effectively suppressed the proliferation of SGC7901 cell lines by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt (Thr308). Moreover, we found SGR could significantly induce SGC7901 cell lines apoptosis by inhibiting Aktp-Thr308/Bad pathway and inhibit its migration and invasion partly by inhibiting Aktp-Thr308/MMPs pathway. Discussion: SGR could effectively suppress the proliferation and invasion of SGC7901 cell lines by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt (Thr308) and its downstream relative pathways. Conclusion: SGR could effectively suppress the phosphorylation of Akt (Thr308) and then inhibit the proliferation and invasion of SGC7901 cell and enhance its apoptosis through Akt-mediated signaling pathways.


Element by element, we have combined the optical components in the three cameras of the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), and incorporated detector quantum efficiency curves and site-specific atmospheric transmissions, to create three relative spectral response curves (RSRs). We provide the absolute 2MASS attributes associated with "zero magnitude" in the JHKs bands so that these RSRs may be used for synthetic photometry. The RSRs tie 2MASS to the "Cohen-Walker-Witteborn" framework of absolute photometry and stellar spectra for the purpose of using 2MASS data to support the development of absolute calibrators for the Infrared Array Camera and pairwise cross-calibrators between all three SIRTF instruments. We examine the robustness of these RSRs to changes in water vapor within a night. We compare the observed 2MASS magnitudes of 33 stars (converted from the precision optical calibrators of Landolt and Carter-Meadows into absolute infrared calibrators from 1.2 to 35 μm) with our predictions, thereby deriving 2MASS "zero-point offsets" from the ensemble. These offsets are the final ingredients essential to merge 2MASS JHKs data with our other absolutely calibrated bands and stellar spectra, and to support the creation of faint calibration stars for SIRTF.


Spitz nevi (epithelioid and spindle-cell nevi) are a special group of melanocytic neoplasms with a specific clinical, dermatoscopic and histological picture. There are typical and atypical Spitz nevus. The typical Spitz nevus is more common in pediatric practice and has a benign course. Of particular interest are atypical forms that combine the characteristics of a typical Spitz nevus and melanoma. The article presents an analysis of the clinical picture, dermatoscopic, immunohistochemical, histological and genetic characteristics in various forms of Spitz nevus. The existing classification according to the metastasis risk degree is presented. The last recommendations on the tactics of managing patients with this nosology are discussed with examples of original observations.


The author relates her personal journey toward understanding her role as an academic and as a practitioner. She ponders what, exactly, is the nature of her role and her conclusion is: "For me, the answer is that I am first and foremost an advocate, and the roots of my advocacy run deep."


The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is increased in healthcare workers and in intensive care nurses. Exposure to H. pylori from gastric secretions and faeces are probably the main sources of transmission to healthcare workers. Routine use of selective decontamination of digestive tract (SDD) in an intensive care unit suppresses H. pylori in critically ill patients. It was questioned whether this suppression and the subsequent decreased exposure to H. pylori for intensive care nurses would lead to a lower prevalence of H. pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence in intensive care nurses from a unit routinely using SDD (group I) was compared to that of nurses from a unit not using SDD (group II). Heathcare workers from other departments of the hospital where no SDD was used (group III) served as a control group. Persons using proton pump inhibitors were excluded. Helicobacter pylori was detected by Laser Assisted Ratio Analyser(13)C-urea breath test (UBT) and serology. This could not be performed in three out of 64 in group I, five out of 55 in group II and five out of 55 in group III (total UBTs = 169). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 11% (7/61) in group I and 25.5% (14/50) in group II (P= 0.027). In group III, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 16% (8/45), which was not significantly different from both group I and II. Sero-prevalence in group I was 18.6%, 27% in group II (ns) and 24% in group III. Mean age in the three groups was 35.9, 37.8 and 36.6 years, respectively (ns). In conclusion, the prevalence of H. pylori infection among intensive care nurses is lower in nurses from a unit using SDD compared to a non SDD-using unit. Acquisition of H. pylori by transmission from critically ill patients appears to be diminished through SDD use.


The quantitative changes in neuron and glial cell density were analyzed in different cortical layers from frontal cortex of 3 and 12 months old mice exposed to Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) on embryonic day 15 (MAM 15) or 17 (MAM 17). An increase was found in glial cell density in all cortical layers from 3 months old MAM 17 compared to the age-matched controls. In particular, electron microscopic analysis showed that the only cells to increase in all cortical layers were the microglia cells. When the young and adult mice were compared it was noted that the glia increased significantly in all cortical layers of controls, whereas it did not change the older MAM 17. In the older MAM 15 the increase in glial density was similar to that observed in controls. No loss of cortical neurons was found between young and adult animals. In addition, the different trend of glial cell density between control and MAM 17 mice during aging was accompanied by a decline in the mean nuclear area in neurons of treated mice with respect to the controls. The hypothesis that MAM treatment seems to produce events similar to those normally occurring in aging finds support in the data of glial density and neuron size.


Abstract In cultural texts, disabled people often function as an emblematic screen upon which non-disabled people's fears and anxieties are projected, rather than functioning as three-dimensional characters or representing disabled people's own experiences. Dance Me to My Song (hereafter Dance), is a rare exception. The film's star and co-author of its script, Heather Rose Slattery, who had cerebral palsy, did not want her film to be pigeonholed as a 'disability film'. Dance nevertheless demands that we reflect on normative and non-normative bodies and the politics of disability. In its exploration of the tensions between technology, embodiment, autonomy and intersubjectivity, Dance exceeds the (at times) utopian or programmatic accounts of cultural theory as well as the social model of disability. Reading the film only through the lens of 'social realism' and 'disability', however, limits the audience's depth of engagement with it. We argue that Dance, in its representation of romance, its use of time and its deployment of voice, should be resituated within the genre of the 'women's film'. In co-writing and performing in such an audacious film, Rose has managed to simultaneously politicise desire, normalise disability and, all the while, dancing us to her song.


To evaluate the efficacy of a bolus insulin injection to prevent the metabolic alterations induced by a 2-h nocturnal interruption of a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), nine type I (insulindependent) C-peptide-negative diabetic patients were studied from 2200 to 0800 h during two randomized tests. An insulin bolus (2.1 ± 0.2 U) was administered via the pump either at 2300 h, just before CSII interruption, or at 0100 h, after reactivating the pump at its usual basal rate (1.05 ± 0.11 U/ h). The insulin bolus at 2300 h induced a significant rise in plasma free-insulin levels at 2400 h (+ 6.9 ± 1.8 mU/L, P < .01), resulting in an early and marked fall in blood glucose concentrations between 2300 and 0100 h (−2 .7 ± 0.5 mM, P < .001), with hypoglycemic values in five patients. The insulin bolus at 0100 h counteracted the fall in plasma free-insulin levels observed between 2300 and 0100 h and significantly increased plasma insulin at 0200 h (+ 3.2 ± 0.8 mU/L, P < .01). Blood glucose concentrations that remained stable during the 2-h arrest of the pump fell significantly between 0100 and 0400 h (- 2.1 ± 0.5 mM, P < .005). This fall rate was significantly lower than that measured within the 3 h after the insulin bolus given before CSII interruption but significantly higher than that observed in a reference control group of patients whose pump was functioning normally throughout the night. Thus, an insulin bolus equivalent to the amount of insulin not infused during a 2-h CSII interruption is able to prevent the metabolic alterations resulting from the pump arrest. However, to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia, the insulin bolus should preferably be administered after rather than before the 2-h CSII interruption.


It is accepted that the festivals are an important influence on the revitalization of economy, culture and tourism. Due to its rapid growth in recent times, it is also considered to be one of the attraction centers for tourism. Among the different types of festivals in terms of local tourism development, gastronomic festivals are among the most popular festivals. Gastronomy festivals provide tourism experience beyond just a meal or dining experience, and gastronomic festivals reinforce local food businesses, encourage preservation of food and biodiversity, and help maintain local identities, in addition to these positive contributions. This study was compiled in order to identify and determine gastronomic festivals organized in Turkey and provide a source for future gastronomy festivals to be organized. In order to achieve this purpose, the sites of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the municipalities were examined and data were provided and information about organized gastronomy festivals was given.


The transformation of the tropical forest in the La Guadaiupe ejido (rural farming community) located at the Calakmul Biosphere's Reserve (CBR), was evaluated for the period between 1970 and 1995 using historical and geographical approaches as well as a Geographic information System (GIS). The ejido comprised an area of 4 919 ha. 59% of which corresponds to the nuclear zone of the CBR. and 33% to the buffer zone. Three forest types, three types of secondary vegetation, riparian vegetation, and five-land use types were recognised. These were distributed along three landscape units: steep slopes, flat slopes, and lowlands. The largest surface area was occupied by medium semievergreen forest (1 846.5 ha), followed by iow semi-evergreen forest (1 484.5 ha). A recent transformation (within 15 years) of the primary forest in the ejido was observed. with 1 244 ha of secondary vegetation, 617 ha of which was between one to two years old. and 588 ha between seven and nine years old. Subsistente agriculture was practiced on 225 ha in the ejido, with an beginning farming of the jalapeño pepper. The largest forest transformation occurred in the medium semi-evergreen forest type which has lost 1 244.3 ha from 1970 to 1995, at a deforestation rate of 5% per year. The tal1 forest type completely disappeared during this period. The forest cover was converied into agriculturai land. The low forest was almost not affected due to the edaphic and hydrologic restrictions for agricultura¡ use associated to ¡t. Demographic growth (8.6%) has been the most important factor contributing to the transformation of forest cover in the ejido.


Twitter, a famous social networking site where thousands of users use it to tweet to the world, is prone to spam, phishing, and malware distribution. Tweets are the atomic building blocks of Twitter, 140-character status updates with additional associated metadata. People tweet for a variety of reasons about a multitude of topics. Traditional spam detection scheme for twitter are ineffective against feature fabrications or consume much time and resources. Conventional suspicious URL detection schemes utilize several features including lexical features of URLs, URL redirection, HTML content, and dynamic behavior. However, evading techniques such as time-based evasion and crawler evasion exist. In this paper, we propose a suspicious URL detection system for Twitter in which numerous tweets from the Twitter public timeline is collected and dynamic trained classifier is been built to classify among suspicious and the real ones. Timelines are collections of Tweets, ordered with the most recent first. Evaluation results show that our classifier accurately and efficiently detects suspicious URLs. A near real-time system for classifying suspicious URLs in the Twitter stream. In this paper I propose to block the malicious URLs and provide mail alert for malicious URLs occur in the twitter stream. Keywords—Twitter, Trained SVM classifier, share URLs, mail_alert Spoorthi K et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.3 Issue.4, April2014, pg. 817-824 © 2014, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 818


Algorithms exist for compiling Fortran D for MIMD (multiple-instruction multiple-data) distributed-memory machines, but they are significantly restricted in the presence of procedure calls. The authors present interprocedural analysis, optimization, and code generation algorithms for Fortran D that limit compilation to only one pass over each procedure. This is accomplished by collecting summary information after edits, and then compiling procedures in reverse topological order to propagate necessary information. Delaying instantiation of the computation partition, communication, and dynamic data decomposition is key to enabling interprocedural optimization. Recompilation analysis preserves the benefits of separate compilation. Empirical results show that interprocedural optimization is crucial in achieving acceptable performance for a common application.<<ETX>>


Introduction & Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the fifth cause of cancer deaths in women in the western world. Largely asymptomatic, OC is frequently detected at late stage (75-80%). Five-year survival rate for women with advanced stage disease is less than 20%, while the cure rate is almost 90% when are diagnosed at early stages. Epithelial OC metastasizes by direct extension from the ovary seeding the cells into the peritoneal wall and to neighbouring organs. Our aim is to study the OC dissemination comparing human paired ovarian primary tumors, ascites and metastases.

Material & Methods: Fresh ovarian primary tumor, ascites and peritoneal metastases from patients suffering advanced serous OC were collected at the surgery room and processed for further analysis. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were collected from the Pathology Department for further immunohistochemical analysis. Discovery phase: We determined the global gene expression profile of 5 fresh-paired samples (primary tumor, ascites and metastases) by microarray analysis. Validation phase: We analysed mRNA and protein levels from 10 unpaired fresh samples by RTqPCR and Western-blot, respectively. We further evaluated protein expression by immunohistochemistry from 10-paired tumor and metastasis FFPE-samples.

Results: GREM1 was shown to be upregulated in metastases versus ascites and in metastases versus primary tumors. FABP4 and INHBA were significantly overexpressed in metastases when compared to primary tumors. INHBA and FABP4 were validated at RNA and protein level, whereas GREM1 only at RNA level.

Conclusions: The present study highlights the role of previously unknown candidates in OC dissemination that might be used as tumor biomarkers, to clinically monitor the progression of the disease, or as target therapies, to block the OC dissemination.

Citation Format: Lucia Lanau, Marina Rigau, Blanca Majem, Tatiana Altadill, Josep Castellvi, Jose-Luis Sanchez-Iglesias, Assumpcio Perez-Benavente, Silvia Cabrera, Angel Garcia, Jordi Xercavins, Josep-Maria Del Campo, Antonio Gil-Moreno, Anna Ruiz, Jaume Reventos, Marta Llaurado. Unveiling the mechanism of ovarian cancer dissemination through a comparative study among primary tumors, ascites and metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B15.


The data on the ultra-violet (UV) rays effect on the sorptional properties of rats liver, kidneys and heart tissues showing the different functions of internals tissues in the animal's reactions to the UV-radiation are given.


JAM-C is an adhesion molecule that is expressed on cells within the vascular compartment and epithelial cells and, to date, has been largely studied in the context of inflammatory events. Using immunolabeling procedures in conjunction with confocal and electron microscopy, we show here that JAM-C is also expressed in peripheral nerves and that this expression is localized to Schwann cells at junctions between adjoining myelin end loops. Sciatic nerves from JAM-C–deficient [having the JAM-C gene knocked out (KO)] mice exhibited loss of integrity of the myelin sheath and defective nerve conduction as indicated by morphological and electrophysiological studies, respectively. In addition, behavioral tests showed motor abnormalities in the KO animals. JAM-C was also expressed in human sural nerves with an expression profile similar to that seen in mice. These results demonstrate that JAM-C is a component of the autotypic junctional attachments of Schwann cells and plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and function of myelinated peripheral nerves.


Goal: Combining visual and auditory stimuli in event-related potential (ERP)-based spellers gained more attention in recent years. Few of these studies notice the difference of ERP components and system efficiency caused by the shifting of visual and auditory onset. Here, we aim to study the effect of temporal congruity of auditory and visual stimuli onset on bimodal brain-computer interface (BCI) speller. Methods: We designed five visual and auditory combined paradigms with different visual-to-auditory delays (-33 to +100 ms). Eleven participants attended in this study. ERPs were acquired and aligned according to visual and auditory stimuli onset, respectively. ERPs of Fz, Cz, and PO7 channels were studied through the statistical analysis of different conditions both from visual-aligned ERPs and audio-aligned ERPs. Based on the visual-aligned ERPs, classification accuracy was also analyzed to seek the effects of visual-to-auditory delays. Results: The latencies of ERP components depended mainly on the visual stimuli onset. Auditory stimuli onsets influenced mainly on early component accuracies, whereas visual stimuli onset determined later component accuracies. The latter, however, played a dominate role in overall classification. Significance: This study is important for further studies to achieve better explanations and ultimately determine the way to optimize the bimodal BCI application.


Simultaneous observations of aerosols, gases, and precipitation chemistry were carried out at the cloud base level and the surface during the fall of 1979, the winter of 1979-1980 and the summer of 1980. With due regard to the effects of the evaporation of precipitation particles and the absorption of gases, the relative importance of in-cloud scavenging and below-cloud scavenging, and the collection efficiency for water soluble particles were estimated on the basis of data obtained during the observation periods. For the mass of sulfate particles, the percentage of below-cloud scavenging to total precipitation scavenging was about 20% in the case of rain drops and 40% in the case of snow particles. As for the mass of all the water-soluble particles, it was about 30% in the case of rain drops and 50% in the case of snow particles, respectively. The collection efficiency, which is defined to be the ratio of the actual collection cross section to the geometric cross section, of rain drops was slightly greater than that of snow particles. However, from the viewpoint of the mass of aerosol particles collected by unit mass of precipitation, snow scavenging was several times as efficient as rain scavenging, inversely. The collection efficiencies for sulfate, nitrate, and sea salt particles increased in that order. This was accounted for by the size difference of aerosol particles which contained each chemical constituent.


Contemporary travel information services are connected to huge amount of travel related data used for improving personalized suggestions. Such suggestions include finding better routes, access to amusement and educational amenities implemented as digital services, as well as the features for people collaboration, and for planning leisure time with respect to existing attractiveness evaluation algorithms under time-budget constraints. Much effort is required for supporting personalized itineraries construction in such a way which would leverage existing cultural and technological user experience. In this paper we analyze the underlying algorithms and major components being an implementation of the proposed model investigated with particular attention to annotated leisure walk route construction, traveler collaboration and travel meeting management. In sum, we make an effort to address a number of complex issues in the area of developing models, interfaces and algorithms required by modern travel services considered as an essential application of a human-centric computing multidisciplinary paradigm.


Background TNFR-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) and TRAF2 have been demonstrated to inhibit apoptosis and promote cell survival in glioblastoma (GBM) cells with experiments in vitro. However, their clinical and prognostic significance have not been elucidated. Material/Methods In our study, we for the first time investigated the expression of TRAF1 and TRAF2 in 105 GBM tissues. Furthermore, we evaluated their clinical significance, including their association with clinicopathologic factors and prognostic value. The association with clinicopathologic factors was assessed by chi-square test. The relation of TRAF1/2 expression to survival rate was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-regression model. Results We demonstrated that TRAF1 expression had no significant prognostic value for GBM. On the contrary, high expression of TRAF2 can predict poorer prognosis of GBM and was identified as an independent biomarker in GBM prognosis. Conclusions High expression of TRAF2 was identified as an independent biomarker in GBM prognosis, indicating TRAF2 as a novel drug target in GBM treatment.


Abstract Built on a hilly relief, the city of Yaoundé is exposed to flooding since three decades. They caused human, material and environmental damages. Efficient management of this phenomenon by public authorities should go through a proper control of variables contributing to this hazard. Through various GIS applications based on multi temporal maps and primary data, we developed a detailed mapping of the main natural and human factors responsible for this phenomenon.


Lysophospholipids were produced from soybean phospholipids by phospholipase A1 hydrolysis. Schemes of single factor test were carried out to study the application of lysophospholipids in the bread. It showed that lysophospholipids could improve the phosical volume of the bread significantly in the range of 0.65% -0.90%. Using texture analyzer the physical parameters of the bread which was added lysophosp holipids and phospholipids during storage were determinated. The change of hardness indicated lysophospholipids could effectively delay the stating rate of bread


This paper describes the development of a safety-clutch by using magnetorheological fluids (MRF) to switch the transmission torque between a motor and a generator in a bus-like vehicle. The clutch is based on a new design combining an axial MRF-actuator and a ball coupling mechanism. This so called "MRF-ball-clutch" avoids the disadvantages of traditional bell- or disc-MRF-clutch designs where the torque is transmitted by the MRF which leads to a self-heating due to the shearing forces in the fluid and a more or less significant drag torque caused by limitations of the relation between minimal and maximal transmittable torque. The safety clutch based on the new MRF-clutch design requires a minimum of power consumption and allows switching high torsional moments in a very compact, lightweight and robust design. The work was done within the Fraunhofer System Research for Electromobility FSEM, founded by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology.


Purpose To evaluate the correlation between OCT changes and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) with immunohistochemistry (ICC) findings in an animal model of RP, the P23H rat and to investigate retinal and choroidal vascularization using fluorescein and indocianin green angiography

Methods Twenty albino homozigous P23H line 1 rats aging from P18 to 27 months and wild-type albino Sprague-Dawley (SD rats) (2 and 11 months old) were used for this study. Normal pigmented Long Evans (LE) 2 months old were used to compare FAF findings. SLO imaging and OCT were acquired using an Spectralis system (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). For checking FAF, fluorescence was excited using diode laser at 488 nm. Thickness measurements were evaluated avoiding the ones close to the optic nerve. ICC was performed to correlate with the findings of OCT and AF changes

Results During the course of P23H degeneration, the FAF pattern varied from not findings in young animals, some spotting at 2 months old to a mosaic of hyperfluorescent dots in the rats of 6 months or older. Retinal thicknesses diminished during the time. P23H rats showed great changes in morphology in advanced ages. Mean retinal thickness values varied from 189.88 μm at P60 to 58.15 μm at 27 months old. Retinal vascular plexus were diminished with time, and vessels exhibiting an abnormal, tortuous morphology could be observed.

Conclusion FAF is a non-invasive procedure that can detect changes in metabolic activity at the RPE in animal models of retinal degeneration in vivo. OCT and ICC show a good correlation. Retinal vascular plexus changes with aging.


Measles is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in children particularly in developing countries. Infants, found by analytical studies to constitute a high risk group, are usually not covered by current vaccination programmes. In Kuwait in the epidemic years during the period 1976-1982, the incidence of measles in infants under one year was found to be more than five times that in the population over one year of age, ranging between 758 and 992 per 100000 live births. During this period as many as one fifth of the total cases (13.3-21.7%) and about one-third of the total deaths (35%) occurred in infants. The mean fatality rate for infants under one year was 3.3 while for the population one year and above it was 1.4. As the immunity derived from the mother declines markedly a large majority of children over six months of age become susceptible to measles. There is a strong case for lowering the age of vaccination against measles to protect the infants, at least in the developing countries, and to control and eventually eradicate the disease.


Next-generation high-speed passive optical networks (HS-PONs) supporting 25, 50, and 100 Gb/s are in the early stages of their standardization process. One key aspect under discussion is the choice of the best modulation format for the transceivers. Performance comparisons among several modulation formats against different physical constraints have been presented in literature and are still being examined. In our present contribution, we performed an exhaustive analysis on the impact of the electrical frequency response of transceivers on the performance of two-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-2), 4-level PAM (PAM-4), electrical duobinary, and optical duobinary modulation formats with adaptive equalizers on the receiver side. We show, by means of numerical simulations, that the specification of the typically used -3 dBbandwidth is insufficient, since out-of-band electrical frequency response specifications (such as the -20 dB bandwidth) have a huge impact on the performance of the analyzed modulation formats. We believe that the normalized performance graphs given at the end of the paper in terms of −3 dB and -20 dB bandwidths can thus be useful for the design of next-generation HS-PON transceivers.


The war in Ukraine has led to a surge in commodity prices. Energy and food prices have skyrocketed after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The acceleration in worldwide fuel prices delivered positive fiscal balances to major oil-rich countries, particularly the Gulf states. Nevertheless, the positive current account balances did not leave these countries immune to inflation. This study uses up-to-date inflation numbers to determine the drivers of inflation in the Gulf region by examining the case of Dubai, as one of the most popular cities in the region. The study uses monthly inflation numbers that cover the year 2022 and applies an element-by-element analysis to identify the drivers of the accelerated inflation. Our findings suggest that Dubai's inflation is mainly driven by the transport component in the consumer basket, while food items had a modest impact on Dubai's inflation.


Pulicat Lake constitutes a unique and interesting fragile ecosystem in Coromandal coastal zone in South East coast of India. Lake serve as a nursery and breeding ground for many species of aquatic flora & fauna and nesting ground for several species of native & migratory birds. Physico-chemical parameters are the important indicators of environmental degradation like Temp. Salinity, pH, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Ca, Mg, Nitrate, Phosphate, Carbonate and Bicarbonate, which are essential for ecological balancing and supporting growth of many aquatic organisms. The water samples were collected on monthly basis using small outboard engine motor by reaching particular habitat sits/location of Bursatella leachii species were earlier it found, since sudden out break and sudden disappearance of B. leachii has been noticed worldwide. It was made an attempt to co-relate the availability of B. leachii with Physico-chemical parametrs. In the present study it has been observed that the physico-chemical condition requires for the species Bursatella leachii present in the Pulicat lake. Lake is not affected by the sea water as there are sand bars and shoals in the eastern side of the Lake.


The genotoxic effects of the herbicide dicamba have been studied by measuring 1) the unwinding rate of liver DNA from intraperitoneally (i.p.) treated rats (fluorimetric assay); 2) DNA repair as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL); and 3) sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in HPBL. Results show that dicamba is capable of inducing DNA damage since it significantly increases the unwinding rate of rat liver DNA in vivo and also induces UDS in HPBL in vitro in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation (S‐9 mix). Furthermore, dicamba causes a very slight increase in SCE frequency in HPBL in vitro.


Atherogenesis is a chronic inflammatory process, closely related to high morbidity and mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were reported to function in atherosclerosis. However, the functional impact of circRNA ubiquitin-specific Protease 36 (circ_USP36) on atherosclerosis and the possible mechanism are still unclear. Serum specimens were collected from atherosclerosis patients and healthy volunteers. Human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) exposed with 25 μg/mL oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were utilized to simulate atherosclerosis. Expression of circ_USP36, microRNA (miR)-182-5p and Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) was determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. Cell metastasis, including migration and invasion, was assessed via Transwell assay. Biomarker protein was analyzed by western blot. The relationship among circ_USP36, miR-182-5p and KLF5 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Circ_USP36 and KLF5 were up-regulated, while miR-182-5p was down-regulated in atherosclerosis patients and ox-LDL-induced HUVSMCs. Circ_USP36 knockdown inhibited proliferation and metastasis of ox-LDL-induced HUVSMCs by up-regulating miR-182-5p. MiR-182-5p targeted KLF5, and ameliorated ox-LDL-mediated injury of HUVSMCs. Circ_USP36 knockdown down-regulated KLF5 expression by sponging miR-182-5p. Knockdown of circ_USP36 alleviated ox-LDL-mediated injury of HUVSMCs by modulating miR-182-5p/KLF5 axis, potentially providing a treatment target for atherosclerosis.


Typically, research has cited a deficient use of word recognition procedures mainly caused by a phonological deficit as the source of dyslexic students' reading difficulties. However, recent studies have shown that morphological processing also plays an important part in reading. In the present study, sensitivity to the morphological structure of words was assessed with a plausibility judgment task, where participants determined which of two pseudo-words most resembled a real word in French, and with a decomposition task requiring participants to extract the base forms of morphologically complex words. Dyslexic participants (DYS, n = 26) aged 9-12 years were matched to 26 participants of the same chronological age (CA) and 30 younger participants of the same reading age (RA). Overall, the decomposition task was less successful at demonstrating morphological knowledge than the plausibility judgment task. Results indicate that dyslexic participants demonstrated some morphological sensitivity, particularly on the plausibility task, but were outperformed by both control groups on both tasks. Performance on morphological tasks was significantly correlated to reading comprehension scores. More research needs to be carried out to better comprehend the effects of task characteristics on dyslexic participants' success and before claiming a different or deviant developmental path for morphological knowledge.


Chromogranin/secretogranins are a family of acidic, soluble proteins with a widespread distribution in secretory vesicles of endocrine and nervous tissues. The effects of experimental stimuli of differing duration and intensity on chromogranin B and secretogranin II mRNA levels in relevant areas of the rat brain were examined by in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S‐labelled oligonucleotides. Effects of two 'chronic stimulation' paradigms were studied—the effect of 4 days of water or food deprivation on mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and the effect of unilateral cervical vagotomy on transcript levels in the dorsal vagal complex 1, 2 and 7 days after surgery. After 4 days of water deprivation secretogranin II mRNA was significantly increased in the supraoptic nucleus (366 ± 21% of control, P < 0.01), the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus (209 ± 20% of control, P < 0.01) and the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (147 ± 6% of control, P < 0.01). Conversely, the level of secretogranin II mRNA in the supraoptic nucleus was decreased (61 ± 13% of control, P < 0.05) after 4 days of food deprivation. Seven days after unilateral cervical vagotomy, secretogranin II and chromogranin B mRNA levels were markedly decreased in the ipsilateral dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (25 ± 4 and 47 ± 8% of contralateral values respectively, P < 0.01). Rapid changes in chromogranin mRNA were also detected following shorter duration 'acute stimulation'—in the hypothalamus after hypertonic saline injection, in the hippocampus after electrical stimulation‐induced kindled seizures, and in the cerebral cortex after unilateral craniotomy. A large increase in secretogranin II mRNA was detected in the supraoptic nucleus (202 ± 25% of control, P < 0.01) and the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus (168 ± 29% of control, P < 0.05) 3 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic (1.8 M) saline. Markedly increased levels of secretogranin II (125–160% of control) and chromogranin B (140–230% of control) mRNA were observed in granule cells of the dentate gyrus 0.5–2 h after amygdaloid stimulation‐induced seizures. A moderate increase in secretogranin II mRNA (144 ± 11% of contralateral side, P < 0.01) was found in the underlying cerebral cortex 2.5 h after unilateral craniotomy. These results indicate that measurement of changes in chromogranin mRNA, particularly secretogranin II, is a useful means of assessing both rapid and long‐lasting increases and decreases in neuronal activity and, in contrast to immediate early gene mRNA levels, may better reflect specific changes in neuronal secretory activity associated with transmitter/peptide release.


Here, we demonstrate that the radial distribution function can be mapped into a radial density–energy space and the relationship between the radial density and radial energy is linear for the ground and excited states of helium-like systems; the gradient of the resulting straight line delivers the energy of the state considered. To utilize this finding, a simple analytical expression for the total energy in terms of the density at the most probable nucleus–electron distance of the systems considered is derived using a fitting procedure.


Enhancement effect of ultrasound (US) on the bio-treatment of domestic wastewater was studied through contrast experiments between two sequence batch reactors (SBR) with and without US. The results showed that when US with intensity of 0.3 W x cm(-2) was employed to irradiate 10% of the activated sludge in the SBR for 10 minutes every 8 hours, the removal rate of COD was improved by 3% - 6%, and the effluent COD of US-SBR was lower than that of the control SBR by 40% - 53%. Moreover, the tolerance of SBR to high concentration and toxicity impact was improved effectively. For the practical domestic wastewater, the sludge activity was 14% higher in the US-SBR than that in the control SBR, increasing the capacity of microorganism to degrade the refractory compounds. The settleability of activated sludge in the US-SBR descended slightly and 5% increase of SVI (sludge volume index) was observed during the experiment, but it had little influence on the system since the increment was very small. According to the results of scan electro-microscope (SEM) and microbial community structures analysis, the microorganism in the US-SBR was damaged by US and compared with the control, the cell wall was ruffled obviously, but it didn't change the community structures of activated sludge. Kinetics analysis of microbial respiration in the two SBRs showed that the activated sludge in the US-assisted SBR could make better use of substrate.


Zr- and Zr,Al-pillared smectites have been prepared and characterised by X-ray diffraction and nitrogen sorption measurements. The residual cation exchange capacities and the acid contents have been determined. Hydroconversion of heptane over Pt-impregnated samples was used to evaluate their catalytic properties. The results were compared with those obtained over Al-pillared forms of the same smectites. For the Zr-pillared clays, mixtures of pillared and unpillared fractions were obtained in proportions depending on the preparation conditions. The pillared fractions exhibited poorer thermal resistance than the corresponding Al-pillared forms. Mixed Al,Zr-pillared clays behaved much like Al-pillared clays. The conversion of heptane over the Zr-pillared montmorillonites was substantially enhanced with respect to the Al-pillared analogues, due to the enhanced hydrogenolysis on platinum. Isomerisation activity at the opposite drastically decreased. These changes were less pronounced in the case of the pillared saponites. Zr-pillared saponite with low tetrahedral charge showed an intermediate behaviour.


Background: High numbers of women experience a traumatic birth, which can lead to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) onset, and negative and pervasive impacts for women, infants and families. Policies, suitable service provision, and training are needed to identify and treat psychological morbidity following a traumatic birth experience, but currently there is little insight into whether and what is provided in different contexts. The aim of this study was to map policy, service and training provision for women following a traumatic birth experience in different European countries. Methods: A survey was distributed as part of the COST Action "Perinatal mental health and birth-related trauma: Maximizing best practice and optimal outcomes". Questions were designed to capture 'country level data'; 'care provision' (i.e., national policies or guidelines for the screening, treatment and/or prevention of a traumatic birth, service provision), and nationally mandated pre-registration and post-registration 'training' for maternity professionals. Results: Eighteen countries participated. Only one country had national policies regarding the screening, treatment and prevention of a traumatic birth experience/PTSD. Service provision was provided formally in six countries (33%), or informally in the majority (78%). In almost all countries (89%), women could be referred to specialist perinatal or mental health services. Services tended to be provided by midwives, although some multidisciplinary practice was apparent. Thirty-nine percent of the countries offered 'a few hours' professional/pre-registration training but none offered nationally mandated post-registration training. Conclusions: A traumatic birth experience is a key public health concern. Evidence highlights important gaps regarding formalized care provision and training for care providers.


This paper describes an efficient evaluation system of Arabidopsis mutants for defense responses. Young A. thaliana seedlings were analyzed for the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as defense gene expression by chitin oligosaccharide elicitor in microtiter plates. Combined with the analysis of ROS in microtiter plates, the system enabled to evaluate thousands of mutant plants within a couple of weeks. Pharmacological studies could be applied and provided information about the molecular machinery involved in the defense responses. Experiments with the dissected organs showed that the roots were responsible for most ROS generation while the gene activation was observed in all the organs. An example of the successful application of this system for the screening of Arabidopsis muntats is also presented. Thus, the system provides a promising approach to screen, or evaluate, novel mutants for a confined defense signaling cascade downstream of a specific elicitor.


Even in a life full of unusual achievement and distinction, Bertrand Russell managed the remarkable feat of dying twice—first, in China in 1921, and then, in Wales in 1970. He prompted, therefore, two distinct sets of obituaries, written five decades and much controversy apart. This paper examines both clutches of obituary notices, traces Russell's evolving public renown over the twentieth century, and makes plain how he himself set the contours of much of this memorializing thanks to his own many autobiographical writings.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how the exclusionary work environment characterized by ostracism impacts full-time faculty experiences and responses in higher educational institutions working in eastern and collectivist culture of Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the data were gathered form 25 ostracized full-time faculty working in the public and private universities in Lahore, Pakistan via in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviews are subsequently recorded, transcribed and analyzed by thematic analysis using NVivo 11 Plus software.

Findings
Prosocial work outcomes coupled with high intensity of negative psychological impacts were traced based on the re-inclusion expectations, long-term relational contract, the socially interdependent, collaborative and collectivist culture of academic settings. However, the faculty indicated, in case of chronic exposure to ostracism they will engage in negative outcomes such as withdrawal, decrease in performance and resignation.

Research limitations/implications
The results of this study can be used by the university administration to develop an inclusive and non-discriminatory culture. This can be done by devising policies for information sharing, better formal and informal relationships in full-time teaching faculty along with grievance mechanism to minimize the occurrence of workplace ostracism.

Originality/value
The study promotes the understating of exclusionary work environments in academic settings. It has shown that the full-time faculty from all levels, specifically lecturers, experience workplace ostracism. This study has highlighted the specific contextual factors and temporal trends that shape the unique nature and responses (i.e. more social exclusion, prosocial responses and higher psychological distress) to ostracism in scantly researched academic settings in Pakistan.


Magnetic current imaging is a proven fault-isolation technique. Its unsurpassed sensitivity and resolution coupled with the fact that magnetic fields are unaffected by packaging and die materials make it a valuable FA tool for a wide variety of ICs and devices. This article reviews the basic measurement physics of magnetic current imaging, describes the general implementation, and presents several practical examples of its use.


The metasediment-hosted distal scheelite skarns from the Riba de Alva mine, Barca de Alva-Escalhao region, northeastern Portugal, consist of three main levels of strata-bound, boudin-shaped, 0.5- to 4-m-thick bodies, having a total resource of 380,000 tons (t) with an average grade of 0.51 percent WO3. The boudinage of the Cambrian metasedimentary rocks of the Slate Greywacke Complex occurred early during the Hercynian orogeny, prior to the Granitic Complex intrusion and the skarn-forming process. The Granitic Complex corresponds to reduced, highly evolved, and metallogenically specialized S-type leucogranites, comparable to those commonly associated with Mo-poor W-F skarns.

Four different skarn types were recognized: pyroxene skarn with Fe diopside± anorthite; amphibole-epidote skarns with actinolite + clinozoisite ± bytownite ± phlogopite; ore skarn with clinozoisite + scheelite + fluorite + calcite ± labradorite ± apatite ± Fe axinite ± armenite ± scapolite; and late-stage veins with quartz (or fluorite or calcite) ± clinozoisite ± andesine (or albite) ± adularia.

Clinopyroxene ranges from Di80Hd20 to Di60Hd40. Amphibole compositions range from actinolite to Mg hornblende and are F rich (0.5–1.9 wt %). Clinozoisite, often zoned with Fe-poor cores, shows little compositional variation in the skarn types, having a low pistacitic component (5–13% Ps). Plagioclase compositions grade from anorthite in pyroxene skarn through andesine and albite in late-stage veins. Phlogopite, as amphibole, is F rich (2.45–4.70 wt %). An extremely pure Mo-free scheelite, the only ore mineral present, is restricted to the ore skarn type.

The Riba de Alva skarns were formed, after intrusion of the Hercynian Granitic Complex, by selective infiltrative metasomatic alteration of argillaceous dolomitic limestone. An early stage of prograde alteration led to the formation of the pyroxene skarn, through reaction with an Si-rich and Fe-bearing fluid. Scheelite mineralization occurred during retrograde alteration, which was mainly fracture controlled and is characterized by a pervasive infiltration metasomatism with minor diffusion in the skarn walls. This alteration started with hydration reactions to form amphibole-epidote skarns, probably under lower XCO2 conditions. Ore skarn formation, with scheelite deposition, took place later during this retrograde stage, mainly along veins within the strata-bound boudins, as the result of a decrease in temperature and/or significant changes in the activity of some fluid components such as W, F, Na, Mn, P, and B, and particularly an increase in aCa. Monomineralic late-stage veins represent the waning stage of the skarn-forming process.


The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a promising candidate for electric propulsion systems. In the design process of an SRM, the motor geometry needs to be determined. Using the finite element method (FEM) might be time-consuming for the sizing of the motor geometry. As an alternative, electromagnetic models based on a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) can be utilized for the sizing of an SRM. MEC models require fewer computational resources and can help determine the electromagnetic performance with reasonable accuracy. Using the conventional MEC method for SRM sizing might be challenging since the flux pattern inside the motor should be changed for different motor dimensions. In order to address this challenge, this paper applies a reluctance mesh-based MEC technique to determine the geometry of a three-phase 12/16 SRM for a high-lift motor in the NASA Maxwell X-57 electric aircraft. A comprehensive reluctance mesh-based MEC model is developed for this purpose. Both the static and dynamic characteristics of the SRM geometry are evaluated using the reluctance mesh-based MEC method. The determined geometry is verified using the results computed from FEM.


This research involves the design and construction of a plastic recycling machine that minimizes the limitations of the already existing (imported) ones to a great extent and at the same time ensuring effective waste management. The results of experimental analysis show that for every used plastic fed into the hopper, about temperature of 200 o C is required to melt it. The machine employs the principle of conveying and heating to effect shredding and melting of the materials fed through the hopper, and requires only two persons to operate. The machine is designed using locally available raw materials which make it cheap and easy to maintain and repair. The performance test analysis carried out defines the characteristics of the machine and shows that at a speed of 268 rpm the machine functions effectively and efficiently in performing its task producing a high finishing recycling efficiency or recyclability of 97%, takes 2 minutes to recycle a batch of plastics and has a recycling capacity/throughput of about 265 Kg/hr which translates to a significant time. It is cost and energy saving since its specific mechanical energy consumption is low at about 30.23KJ/Kg. Experiments also show that for a batch process, power requirement of the machine is proportional to the time in process.


This paper explores the way in which announcers created spectacle in the Eurosport coverage of the men's and women's tennis singles semi-finals and finals at the Australian Open 2015. This was an event where gender representations were under global social media scrutiny after two female players were asked to 'twirl' for the audience. We used a two-phase thematic analysis. Semantic thematic analysis showed that more personal descriptions were directed at women than men and these often described off-court features. Descriptions of men included detailed and specific portrayals of physical characteristics, while women's bodies were seldom referred to specifically. Discourse analysis showed that men's games were spoken of as physical clashes between titans. In contrast, women's matches were described in aesthetic rather than physical terms and 'diva-like' personalities and relationships were important features of women's game narratives. While male bodies were described in specific detail where relevant to technical features of the game, women's bodies were only described indirectly and non-specifically. For the women's game, this dialogical repression of specific body talk in combination with a strong focus on aesthetic judgements invoked stereotypes by omission, simultaneously reinscribing gender stereotypes and emphasizing their importance by communicating taboo. These gendered commentaries created distinctive gendered spectacles for the men's and women's events.


A phenomenon noted in early sedentary and semi-sedentary settlements in the southern Levant is the use of groundstone tools as 'building material' incorporated into structure walls. It is argued in this article that these artefacts should not be perceived merely as construction material, but rather they should be seen as having a symbolic purpose owing to the social and economic significance that groundstone tools acquired during the transition to agriculture and the growing importance of food processing. This assumed symbolic purpose may also originate from ritual contexts in which these artefacts processed foodstuffs and other substances, thereby becoming 'positive' symbols of prosperity and success. Such symbolic content may result from their economic significance interlaced with their association with specific persona and familial and personal heritage. It is suggested that the qualities of the tools lent an element of potency to these artefacts and probably led to their inclusion in structure walls. The linkage between persona, space and positive potency may have granted status or protection to the structures and also may have assisted in marking ownership of the property.


The ionothermal crystallization of FeAPO-5 molecular sieves in the presence of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) has been investigated. The use of H3PO3 enabled the formation of a metastable intermediate phase (FeNKX-2) that transforms into a more open-framework crystalline phase (FeAPO-5). The initial raw materials dissolved rapidly in the presence of the [bdmim]Cl polar ionic liquid, and the addition of the Fe3+ salt resulted in the crystallization of the FeNKX-2 intermediate. At this stage, the [bdmim]+ cation did not play the role of a pore filler for the FeNKX-2 crystalline structure. Consecutive phase transformation from the FeNKX-2 to the FeAPO-5 phase occurred under prolonged ionothermal treatment, and during this stage, the tetrahedral Fe3+ species was found to not only participate in the construction of the FeAPO-5 framework but also act as an intermediary electron-transfer medium. The fast crystallization of FeAPO-5 was explained by the presence of Fe3+ as an intermediate electron-transfer medium promoting the fast release of phosphorus nutrients (P5+) from the phosphite (P3+) reservoir that were further required for the crystallization of the FeAPO-5 molecular sieves. The use of ionic liquids as dual solvents and templates in combination with H3PO3 as an alternative phosphorus source thus opens the possibility to synthesize other microporous materials via a phase transformation approach.


The efficiency of piecewise constant protocols with a small number of switchings is investigated for a mathematical model of tumor anti-angiogenesis formulated originally by Hahnfeldt et al. in [8]. By comparing with the theoretically optimal solution derived earlier [12] it will be seen that for the problem of minimizing the primary cancer volume with a given amount of angiogenic inhibitors to be administered constant protocols already provide very good suboptimal strategies.


The book Letters Across the Divide: Two Friends Explore Racism, Friendship, and Faith embodies a dialogic rhetoric with significant potential to influence its intended audience to accept the need for racial atonement and reconciliation. It exemplifies what Aaron Gresson calls a "dance of agency" in both its interpersonal exchanges and constructed relationship with readers. Bringing white and black voices, individual and collective concerns, and (inter)personal and public discourse into dialogue, Letters demonstrates the transformative power of "voice," which mediates the "authenticity" of Buberian dialogic rhetoric and the cultural performances of Bakhtinian dialogism. The fact that the white coauthor boldly affirms commonplaces of white resistance increases the likelihood that white readers would identify with and be influenced by his profound attitudinal change in dialogue with his black friend. The coherence and credibility of that transformation depend upon the prefigural power of the authors' shared religious narrative—both enabling and constraining Letters' influence on public racial reconciliation.


The sizes of Brodmann's areas 44 and 45 (Broca's speech region) and their extent in relation to macroscopic landmarks and surrounding areas differ considerably among the available cytoarchitectonic maps. Such variability may be due to intersubject differences in anatomy, observer‐dependent discrepancies in cytoarchitectonic mapping, or both. Because a reliable definition of cytoarchitectonic borders is important for interpreting functional imaging data, we mapped areas 44 and 45 by means of an observer‐independent technique. In 10 human brains, the laminar distributions of cell densities were measured vertical to the cortical surface in serial coronal sections stained for perikarya. Thousands of density profiles were obtained. Cytoarchitectonic borders were defined as statistically significant changes in laminar patterns. The analysis of the three‐dimensional reconstructed brains and the two areas showed that cytoarchitectonic borders did not consistently coincide with sulcal contours. Therefore, macroscopic features are not reliable landmarks of cytoarchitectonic borders. Intersubject variability in the cytoarchitecture of areas 44 and 45 was significantly greater than cytoarchitectonic differences between these areas in individual brains. Although the volumes of area 44 differed across subjects by up to a factor of 10, area 44 but not area 45 was left‐over‐right asymmetrical in all brains. All five male but only three of five female brains had significantly higher cell densities on the left than on the right side. Such hemispheric and gender differences were not detected in area 45. These morphologic asymmetries of area 44 provide a putative correlate of the functional lateralization of speech production. J. Comp. Neurol. 412:319–341, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi muscle flap, combined with the serratus anterior fascia flap, was performed to cover two large and separate palmar and dorsal forearm skin defects in a patient, whose hand had been replanted 20 days earlier after traumatic amputation at the distal forearm level. As a result, a total forearm amputation was salvaged by microsurgical replantation and a free combined flap of the subscapular system. This new application of the combined flap allowed the reconstruction of large and separate wounds of the replanted hand, and provided gliding surfaces for tendons.


This paper compares the use of management accounting practices in hospitality and service enterprises operating in India, using data obtained from a survey among 100 hospitality and 100 service enterprises. Our main aim is to identify the significant management accounting practices used in the sample respondents and to investigate whether management accounting practices differ significantly between hospitality and service enterprises, and whether these differences can be explained by differences in terms of demographic characteristics. The findings of study identified most important management accounting practices in the sample Indian hospitality and service enterprises. This research found significant differences in the application of management accounting practices among the Indian hospitality and service enterprises. The results indicate that there is no significant relationship between management accounting practices variables and respondents' characteristics. Finally, this study contributed to the current knowledge in management accounting practices in hospitality and service industry .


This article reviews observations made on reflex control of circulation in essential hypertension and in a few models of experimental hypertension. It is emphasized that a wide consensus exists on the fact that baroreceptor control of heart rate is impaired in essential hypertension and that this occurs not only in severe but also in mild and borderline hypertensive conditions. On the other hand, baroreceptor control of blood pressure is much less affected by chronic elevations in arterial blood pressure due to central or peripheral factors that differentially affect cardiac and vascular responses to the vagus and the sympathetic drive, respectively. Cardiopulmonary receptor control of peripheral circulation and renin release is also little affected by hypertension, and the suggestion has been made that its sensitivity may even be enhanced in early hypertensive stages and then undergoes a subsequent reduction as cardiac hypertrophy develops. Finally, the possible consequences of preservation of reflex control of circulation in hypertension are discussed. It is speculated that this phenomenon may be in part responsible for the similar percentage of blood pressure oscillations that can be observed in normotensive and borderline, moderate, and severe hypertensive subjects.


This article reviewed theoretical models about vocational interest development, specifically the Socio-Cognitive Theory of Career Development, Holland's Theory of professional types and the psychodynamic perspective. Some aspects of these models were explained and compared in order to show their main similarities and differences. Psychological tests that have been researched in Brazil were presented, considering these three perspectives. Interest test's that were evaluated by the Federal Council of Psychology are exhibited, highlighting the ones that were approved, refused, and that are in the process of evaluation, trying to expose the tests that are available for professional use. Only two tests that claim to assess vocational interests were approved by the Council, more specifically the "Teste de Fotos de Profissoes – BBTBr", with the male and female forms, and the "Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional". The importance of conducting research to create more vocational interest instruments with good psychometric properties was stressed


This paper relates to investigations extending from January to August, 1938, (including winter, summer, and rainy seasons) on atmospheric disturbance in medium- and short-wave bands (0.6 to 6 megacycles) prevalent in the eastern part of India. A suggestion has been made for broadcast transmission standards to be adopted in India on the basis of atmospheric field-strength measurements. Effective service areas of 1.5 kilowatts, 370 meters and 5 kilowatts, 235 meters, medium-wave broadcast transmissions have been estimated on the standards suggested.


This research focuses on estimating of three important properties of reactive powder concrete; the distractive, a non-distractive testing and statistical analysis suggest mathematical model. The ultrasonic pulse velocity test (NDT) method to study the properties of concrete. Fifty cubes with size (150mm), fifty cylinders with diameter (150mm), height (300 mm), and fifty prisms of dimensions (100*100*500) mm., Statistical analysis was used to estimate the mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC), compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. Results showed that it is possible to estimate the mechanical properties using a mathematical model.


INTRODUCTION
Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy (C-TBNA) is a technique in evaluating mediastinal/hilar lymph nodes (LN). We aimed to investigate diagnostic yield (DY) and safety of C-TBNAs performed in a single university clinic.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 363 consecutive C-TBNA procedures in 219 patients. The DY and its relationship with location, shortest diameter, SUVmax of LN, and number of sampled stations were evaluated.

RESULT
Procedures were diagnostic in 257 (71%) LNs. The most common diagnoses were malignancy (n= 109.30%) and granulomatous inflammation (n= 68, 18.7%).The ratio of patients with at least one diagnostic cytology result was 77% (n= 168). DY was significantly increased with the increased number of sampled LNs (p= 0.033) and larger LN diameter (p< 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were 83.3%, 43.2%, 79.6%, and 49.3% respectively for cut-off LN diameter of 11.5 mm. There was nearly a significant relationship between DY and SUVmax (p= 0.05, cut-off= 4.8). The highest DY was in subcarinal LN (77.4%). No major complications were recorded.

CONCLUSIONS
The DY of C-TBNA was 71%. The ratio of the patients with at least one diagnostic cytology result was 77%. The most common diagnoses were malignancy and granulomatous inflammation. The DY of C-TBNA was increased with the increased number of sampled LNs, larger LN diameter, and increased SUVmax. C-TBNA is a safe procedure.


The heterodimeric T cell receptor (TCR) comprises two protein chains that pair to determine the antigen specificity of each T lymphocyte. The enormous sequence diversity within TCR repertoires allows specific TCR sequences to be used as lineage markers for T cells that derive from a common progenitor. We have developed a computational method, called TraCeR, to reconstruct full-length, paired TCR sequences from T lymphocyte single-cell RNA-seq by combining existing assembly and alignment programs with a "synthetic genome" library comprising all possible TCR sequences. We validate this method with PCR to quantify its accuracy and sensitivity, and compare to other TCR sequencing methods. Our inferred TCR sequences reveal clonal relationships between T cells, which we put into the context of each cell's functional state from the complete transcriptional landscape quantified from the remaining RNA-seq data. This provides a powerful tool to link T cell specificity with functional response in a variety of normal and pathological conditions. We demonstrate this by determining the distribution of members of expanded T cell clonotypes in response to Salmonella infection in the mouse. We show that members of the same clonotype span early activated CD4+ T cells, as well as mature effector and memory cells.


BACKGROUND
There is a debate about the influence of executive functioning impairment in the functionality of Bipolar Disorder Type I, even when euthymic (EutBDI). The aim of this study was to explore this relationship, taking functional outcome from a multidimensional point of view.

METHODS
An extended neuropsychological battery of executive tests and measures of social functioning were administered to 31 EutBDI and 25 non-psychiatric patients. Percentage of patients scoring lower than -1.64 SD was calculated for each executive measure. This was compared in terms of clinical features to those with normal performance. Partial correlations and ANCOVA were applied between psychosocial and executive variables within the EutBDI-group.

RESULTS
Patients reached poorer scores in mental flexibility, plan implementing, set-shifting, and fluency (p<0.05). 76% of patients performed poorly on some of the executive tests, although only around 1/3 reached a clinical deficit (<-1.64SD). Executive functioning was related to some clinical, evolution, and treatment variables. A better use of leisure time, higher competence for independent living and holding a skilled type of profession were significantly associated with a better performance on planning, set-shifting, and fluency tasks.

CONCLUSIONS
Persistent executive deficits in EutBDI may be related to their frequently reported difficulties in personaland occupational adjustment.


[Extract] Peter Collett, a prominent British commentator on social behaviour, argues that humour and laughter are central to our well-being and social judgements. In particular, he observes that those who respond to our humour and jokes are seen as attractive to us. Those who fail to laugh with us are seen much less favourably (Collett, 2004). In earlier analyses other social psychologists argued that appreciating and responding to humour can generate positive health outcomes by reducing stress and enhancing personal control (Argyle, 1987; Solomon, 1996). Positive psychologists have identified having a sense of humour as a core character strength. In this view humour is effectively a virtue which helps individuals forge connections to the larger universe and provides them with meaning (Peterson and Seligman, 2004; Park et al., 2005).

Following these multiple perspectives, it can be suggested that, at least in contemporary Western society, having a good sense of humour is widely regarded as a positive trait. The temptation to suggest that a good sense of humour is a positive universal trait is appealing, although the ways in which humour is displayed and appreciated across cultures may be quite different and not easily understood by external observers (Dann, 1996). In tourism studies the role of humour has been specifically identified as first, helping tourists concentrate, second, assisting them to relax and feel comfortable in novel settings, and finally as being useful in enhancing their connections with others (Pearce, 2009). In this chapter two kinds of evidence will be used to add to our understanding of the humour-tourism connection. The first kind of material to be considered will be humour produced for tourists; that is communication designed to appeal to tourists' sense of humour. Instances of this kind of humour will be drawn from tourism businesses and awareness campaigns. A second source of information to build our understanding of the tourism humour connection consists of humour produced by tourists. In particular humorous blogs written by tourists will be considered. This dual approach is consistent with the view that researching a sense of humour must consider the ability to comprehend humorous situations and a different and independent ability to produce humour (Kohler and Ruch, 1996).


OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to evaluate and analyze the results of liver transplants from living and deceased donors in Saudi Arabia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a retrospective study from the National Registry reported to the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation on 616 living donors and deceased donors between 2004 and 2010. Data included donors ' characteristics and acceptance rates of livers from deceased donors, recipient's status posttransplant, follow-ups, and patient survival.

RESULTS
A total of 612 cases from deceased donors consented for liver donation of whom 402 cases (65.7%) were retrieved; 332 of them (82.3%) were transplanted. The mean age of the deceased donors was 33.2 years. Regarding living-donor liver transplants, 285 transplants were performed mostly from parent to offspring or offspring to parent. The mean age of the donors was 26.6 years and male/female ratio was 3/1. The mean follow-up was 745 days, and the mean posttransplant stay in hospital was 28.2 days. There were 11 cases with primary nonfunctioning grafts. At the end of the follow-up, 532 patients were alive (88%) and 58 patients died (10%). The patient survival at 3 years and the estimated 5-year survival were 87.2% and 77.1%.

CONCLUSIONS
The outcome of liver transplanting in Saudi Arabia is comparable to international levels. However, the need to increase the acceptance rate and the use of procured livers requires more effort in managing deceased donors. Both living-donor and deceased-donor liver transplants should be continued in Saudi Arabia to meet the ever-increasing demand of patients with end-stage liver disease.


Since the 1980s, a number of frameworks have been proposed for understanding the concept of information system (IS) failure. Two approaches to IS failures seem particularly important: the concept of Expectation Failure and the concept of Termination Failure. We argue that there is an extra dimension to the problem that is not covered by those descriptive models, which we call the Outsourced IS Failure (OISF). To explain the OISF we draw on agency theory, which views the problems that occur in outsourced environments as the results of three factors: goal differences, risk behaviour differences and information asymmetry. Although the (positivistic) agency theory has already been used to describe phenomena of failure in IT relations there is still a lack of empirical evidence. This paper brings the results of the attempts of falsification of the agency theory in situations of OISF. A positivistic case study research was conducted based on multiple cases in SMEs. The choice for qualitative research is based on the accessibility of well documented secondary data in litigation files of failed IS projects. Eight cases of IS project failures subject to litigation were selected. We conclude that the agency theory has strong prediction and explanation power for OISF. However some adjustments are needed to the agency theory. The theory seems to work in two ways, opportunistic behaviour is also observed on the side of the principal. The findings indicate that lack of trust is a prominent determinant for failure.


Anorexia nervosa is a complex disorder that occurs mainly among young women and evokes strong reactions in treating health professionals. While the reactions of psychologists are shaped by treatment guidelines, considerations of professional practice and theories of anorexia, ethical features of contemporary treatment have not been explicitly or critically examined. This paper examines representations of current best and evidence-based practice that are often motivated by a well-intentioned, but limited, risk-reduction perspective. An alternative approach, based on an aspirational ethical stance, is presented along with detailed arguments as to how optimal care for all individuals with the disorder can be achieved. The implications of this stance are specifically explored with regard to the heterogeneity of anorexia, in relation to the chronic course of the disorder and with regard to alternatives that could be described as palliative.


Zimbabwe's recent fast-track land reform was redistributive, but it retained significant enclaves of large-scale agro-industrial estates owned by transnational, domestic and state capital, despite unfulfilled popular and domestic elite demands for land. Such estates were encouraged by the state to produce agro-fuel (ethanol from sugar), sugar, tea, coffee, timber and citrus, with wildlife ranching for domestic and export markets, alongside expanded small food producers. This outcome reflects the unresolved contradictions of seeking autonomous development in the context of sanctions, domestic political polarisation and declining agricultural production, while promoting reintegration into broader world markets. Neoliberal policies replaced dirigisme by 2008 to promote stabilisation and agricultural recovery but with limited impact. Foreign agricultural investment in Zimbabwe is nonetheless atypical of the current neoliberal land grabbing in Africa, since Zimbabwe reversed past inequalities and retains some state autonomy, and residual land concentration remains contested.


During a 14-week student design project, we developed a concept for a three-component system that allows audience members to voice their opinions at Olympic events. Aside from completing CHI's primary goal of creating a voting device, we found that audience members need a knowledge base and a feeling of empowerment in order to feel secure with their vote. Based on fieldwork with past and potential Olympic attendees, we focused on wearable technology that senses pre-existing methods of showing appreciation and translates audience enthusiasm into an opportunity for learning and empowerment. Building from previous research, we implemented a unique method of creating a system for audience participation that requires no training or learning curve on behalf of its user. These methods were then tested and refined until they were well received by a large majority of users regardless of age, gender and nationality. In our paper we describe our process through an explanation of our immersion in the project, its early ideation, testing and refinement, and our final solution.


Metallothioneins are a family of low molecular weight proteins containing approximately 30 % cysteine. Expression of the metallothionein gene is up‐regulated in the skin following topical application of zinc and copper, and in wound margins particularly in regions of high mitotic activity. This induction of metallothionein in the wound margin may reflect its role in promoting cell proliferation and reepithelialiation. The action of metallothioneins in these processes may result from the large number of Zinc‐dependent and copper‐dependent enzymes required for cell proliferation and matrix remodeling. In addition, selected growth factors may modulate metallothionein gene expression and hence the ability of cells to proliferate. Recent studies suggest that metallothioneins may be an attractive target for development as vulnerary agents. (WOUND REP REG 2002;10:)


In the 1960s, the British government was in a very awkward position in South Africa. The apartheid regime represented something contrary to western democracy principles, but for several reasons both London and Washington could not ignore the importance of that country. Strictly anti-communist and located at the junction of the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, South Africa was pivotal to the defence of commercial and military sea-routes. Moreover, gold and uranium trading made Pretoria the most important partner of the West in the whole African continent. Finally, white regimes in the area, the Afrikaner one as well as those of Rhodesia and in the Portuguese territories of Angola and Mozambique, granted the stability necessary to pursue Anglo-Saxon interests and at the same time contain the communist influence. In a word, when the Nixon Administration issued NSSM 39, stating that the whites were there to stay and that the only thing to do was collaborating with them, with the aim of persuading them to gradually reduce racial discrimination, London had already come to the conclusion that such a racist government was of paramount importance to the stability of area. Therefore, it was decided not to follow the recommendations of the United Nations to the letter


In this paper the authors address the problem of reducing the energy consumption in distributed embedded systems associated with time-constraints and equipped with fault-tolerant techniques. A greedy heuristic is presented to reduce the energy during task mapping and fault tolerance policy assignment. Fault tolerance is achieved through task re-execution and replication. The proposed approach can obtain much lower energy consumption compared to the solution without considering energy while tolerating the same number of faults and satisfying the time-constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by using extensive experiments


The transfer of information from source to destination i.e transmitter to receiver is called the communication. Basically communication is possible in two ways they are wire communication and the other one is wireless communication. The satellite communication is a best example for the wireless communication. The Satellite communication has served making in many ways from instance its is used to predict weather and broadcast storm warnings and also provides a wide range of communication services in the fields of relaying television programs, point to point communication, voice, data, internet, fax. Wireless communication is the transfer of information or power between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. The most common wireless technologies use radio waves. With radio waves distances can be short, such as a few meters for Bluetooth or as far as millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications. It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable applications, including two-way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, and wireless networking. Other examples of applications of radio wireless technology include GPS units, garage door openers, wireless computer mouse, keyboards and headsets, headphones, radio receivers, satellite television, broadcast television and cordless telephones. Somewhat less common methods of achieving wireless communications include the use of other electromagnetic wireless technologies, such as light, magnetic, or electric fields or the use of sound.


ABSTRACT Ecse Mound is a burial mound in the Hortobágy region of eastern Hungary. Built by prehistoric nomadic peoples from the east, it now stands on the border between two modern settlements. The construction of the mound was assumed to be related to representatives of the Pit Grave Culture populating the area between the Late Copper and Bronze Ages. This theory considered similarities in shape, orientation, and stratigraphy of this mound with other absolute-dated ones in the Hortobágy region alone. The mound comprises two construction layers as indicated by magnetic susceptibility and on-site stratigraphic observations. According to detailed sedimentological, geochemical analyses of samples taken from the bedrock, artificial stratigraphic horizons, and the overlying topsoil, there is a marked similarity between the soil forming the body of the mound in both artificial horizons and the underlying bedrock soil. In contrast the pedological, geological character of the modern topsoil is utterly different. According to our dating results, the uppermost stratigraphic horizon is coeval with the absolute-dated mounds in the region, assigning it to the period of the Pit Grave Culture. However, the lower anthropological horizon is older and dates to between the Early and Late Copper Ages.


The first neutral spin carrying hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivative is described. The conjugated phenyl nitroxide substituted HBC with five alkyl chains exhibits a positive magneto-LC effect in columnar hexagonal liquid crystalline phase as probed by differential scanning calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Surprisingly, at 140 K the ΔMS = 2 transition can be observed indicating a thermally accessible triplet state between the neighboring molecules in the columnar arrangements.


The genitourinary tract and gastrointestinal system are interdependent but share the same embryological origin, pelvic region, and sacral innervation. Although children with voiding disturbances often present with bowel dysfunction, this coexistence was considered coincidental until recently. However, it is now accepted that dysfunction in emptying of both systems is interrelated. Afferent impulses carrying sensory information are transmitted through the spinal cord and brainstem toward several cortical and subcortical areas, resulting in conscious control of the bladder and bowel. Alteration in these afferent pathways can result in dysfunction, including urinary and fecal incontinence. Distal gastrointestinal tract problems such as constipation might induce an inhibitory rectovesical reflex that interferes with normal voiding. Therefore, lower urinary tract function seems to be closely associated with distal gastrointestinal tract function.


The research was conducted to evaluate pavement properties of polyacrylonitrile fiber asphalt binder and asphalt mixtures, including high temperature stability of binder and mixture, low temperature crack resistance and water stability of mixture. Moreover, polyacrylonitrile fibers were compared with methyl cellulose in the asphalt binder and asphalt mixtures. The result indicates that polyacrylonitrile fibers may improve clearly the high temperature stability of asphalt binder, and pavement performance of mixtures is enhanced obviously. Also polyacrylonitrile fiber binder and mixtures have better performance than methyl cellulose.


This paper deals with the asymptotic behaviour of solutions for the generalized symmetric regularized long wave equations with dissipation term. We first show the existence of global weak attractors for the periodic initial value problem of this equations in H^2 × H^1. And then by an energy equation and an idea of Ghidaglia and Guo, we conclude that the global weak attractor is actually the global strong attractor for S(t) in H^2(Ω) × H^1 (Ω).The finite dimensionality of the global attractor is also established.