Theorem 1. The nth derivative of the function 1/r along n constant (translation-invariant) vector fields in R coincides on the sphere with a spherical function of degree n. Any nonzero spherical function of degree n can be obtained by this construction from some n-tuple of nonzero vector fields. These n fields are uniquely defined by the function (up to multiplication by nonzero constants and permutation of the n fields).


INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in Kashmir. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing hormone receptor positivity and its correlation with age at diagnosis, tumor size, histological grade and lymph node metastasis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
132 newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, SKIMS, Srinagar, JandK, were included after excluding biopsies, in-situ lesions and recurrence cases.

RESULTS
Mean age of the patients was 48.2 years, 59.1% being ≤ 50 years of age. Mean duration of symptoms was 6.32 months. Most lesions (65.1%) were 2-5 cm and 16.7% were ≥ 5.0 cm in greatest dimension. The predominant (80.3%) morphology was IDC-NOS. The majority of the cases presented as grade II (52.1%) lesions and lymph node involvement was present in 65.2%. ER and PR were positive in 66.3% and 63.4% cases, respectively, increasing with rising age. High grade lesions and larger size tumors were more likely to be ER and PR negative. No correlation was found between ER/PR status and lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS
ER and PR expression in breast cancers in the current study was found to be higher than studies done in India/Asia but lower than studies conducted in the West, even on Indian/Asian immigrants. Markedly lower receptor expression in Indian/Asian studies is likely due to preanalytic variables, thresholds for positivity, and interpretation criteria. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Immunohistochemical Testing of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer are strongly advocated for standardization of receptor evaluation and for clinical management of breast cancer patients to provide best therapeutic options.


For investigating the effect of exceeding Mg2+ doping on optical properties and luminescent mechanism, detailed spectroscopic characterizations of Pr3+ (1 mol%) and Mg2+ (0 and 5mol%) doped congruent LiNbO3 (CLN) single crystals were studied. The exceeding Mg2+ doping of 5mol% was found to enhance the dominant red emissions (1D2→3H4) under 360nm excitation with a larger population of 1D2 via the Pr3+-Nb5+ intervalence charge transfer (IVCT). Quenching of blue-green emissions in Pr3+ doped CLNs was ascribed to the depopulation of 3P0 via IVCT state. The lifetimes related to 1D2→3H4 were significantly increased with Mg2+ incorporation at a temperature range from 20K to 430K. As the temperature rises, the progressively thermal quenching of the red emission and lifetime was observed, which was interpreted with the thermally activated energy transfer from the IVCT state to ground level 3H4. More importantly, exceeding Mg2+ doping led to a displacement of the IVCT state in the configuration coordinate diagram, resulting in larger quenching activation energy and higher quenching temperature (310K→370K) in Pr:Mg:CLN. The emission enhancement and quenching temperature increase at exceeding Mg2+ concentration were considered to be of practical value in luminescent and laser applications.


The notion of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) as a possible replacement paradigm for conventional transistor-based logic is reviewed. Experiments using metal tunnel structures demonstrating a functional QCA cell are presented. It is shown that single electron tunnelling transistors used as electrometers verify proper switching of the QCA cell. Additionally, we provide evidence for a QCA cell switching frequency of 14 MHz, and a calculated upper limit of more than 5 GHz.


screen and enhanced contrast, the block performers stopped injecting when a hypo-echoic volume was seen clearly on the screen. We also compared needle penetration with the needle tip position in, or outside of, the nerve. Histologically, the risk of ink contamination from one site to another clearly exists and was observed outside the epineurium. Our pathologists made multiple sections of the nerve and could not observe any sub-epineurial contamination. We used fresh cadavers and this could be different with embalmed specimens. Our study does not suggest that targeting the nerve tangentially, and rolling the nerve as the needle passes above or below its ill-defined border is preferable to slowly skewering it. Instead, our study suggests that it is preferable to approach the nerve at its lower/upper border (tangential) and to stop advancing the needle when this border is reached. However, if an accidental advancement 'beyond the border' occurs, the risk of nerve penetration and sub-epineurial injection is lower than using a direct approach. As such, we agree with Szerb and Kwesi Kwofie that the border of the nerve should be avoided in all procedures. Szerb et al.'s study and ours complement each other in improving the safety of interscalene blocks.


We introduce a new and conceptually simple interpretation of quantum mechanics based on reduced density matrices of sub-systems from which the standard Copenhagen interpretation emerges as an effective description of macroscopically large systems. This interpretation describes a world in which definite measurement results are obtained with probabilities that reproduce the Born rule. Wave function collapse is seen to be a useful but fundamentally unnecessary piece of prudent book keeping which is only valid for macro-systems. The new interpretation lies in a class of modal interpretations in that it applies to quantum systems that interact with a much larger environment. However, we show that it does not suffer from the problems that have plagued similar modal interpretations like macroscopic superpositions and rapid flipping between macroscopically distinct states. We describe how the interpretation fits neatly together with fully quantum formulations of statistical mechanics and that a measurement process can be viewed as a process of ergodicity breaking analogous to a phase transition. The key feature of the new interpretation is that joint probabilities for the ergodic subsets of states of disjoint macro-systems only arise as emergent quantities. Finally we give an account of the EPR–Bohm thought experiment and show that the interpretation implies the violation of the Bell inequality characteristic of quantum mechanics but in a way that is rather novel. The final conclusion is that the Copenhagen interpretation gives a completely satisfactory phenomenology of macro-systems interacting with micro-systems.


Herbivory can have many effects on plant fitness, including altering plant-pollinator interactions and sexual reproduction in angiosperms. Pollinator-mediated interactions may be impacted when herbivores alter plant traits, such as floral display size, that can influence pollinator visitation rates, and, ultimately, the reproductive component of plant fitness. Here I describe an investigation into the indirect effects of feeding by beetles released as a biological control agent, Galerucella calmariensis and G. pusilla, on plantpollinator interactions and reproductive output in the invasive plant Lythrum salicaria L. (purple loosestrife). During the summer of 2011, three treatments (low, ambient and mechanical herbivory) were applied to 105 plants during the pre-flowering period of growth. At the onset of flowering, a series of pollinator observations were conducted over the course of approximately 1.5 weeks. Several aspects of floral display were affected by the herbivory treatments, including increased inflorescence and flower production in the ambient and mechanical herbivory treatments, relative to the low herbivory treatment. Treatment type did not have a significant effect on the number of pollinator foraging bouts, but had marginally significant effects on the number of flowers probed per pollinator foraging bout and per 30-minutes. Moreover, treatment had a significant effect on the number of switches among the inflorescences on a single plant. I discuss the possibility that the differences in pollinator visitation were mediated by differences in the architecture and the size of floral display. There were no detectable differences in fruit or seed production (i.e., female fitness) among treatments. However, as I discuss, differences in pollinator visitation may affect other unmeasured aspects of fitness, such as the level of inbreeding or the number of seeds sired through male function.


The Critter temperature sensor device has been developed to understand the full nature of pervasive sensor networks. Off the shelf integrated sensor devices incorporate some amount of adaptation to make the devices more reliable. The Critter provides raw instantaneous readings including outlier data that may be considered anomalies or perturbations. We have deployed Critter data sensors pervasively through one academic building for almost 18 months. This paper explores the causes of temperature data perturbations, defined as two temperature data readings taken within seconds of each other that differ by several degrees. Temperature sensor data perturbations are actually the effects of user activity within buildings. By capturing the raw data without automatic processing, we are able to show a correlation between time of the work day and the frequency of data perturbation.


Abstract As a product of native masters of the vernacular and the accumulation of thousands of years of tradition, local architecture embodies the physical and sociocultural characteristics of the environment of which it is a part. This is an indigenous architecture that displays the character of multiple and unknown local contributors and openly reflects the traditions, culture, experience and customs of the people it serves. Vernacular architecture differs according to the physical conditions of each region, becoming an expression of the culture of that area. Underlying it is the ancient wisdom, experience, skills and mastery that is transferred from generation to generation. The vernacular in architecture is the direct and unconscious translation of a society's culture into physical substance within the framework of specified needs. It draws from tradition and with time, provides a social and cultural documentation that is passed on from one generation to the next. The aim of the study is to examine the residential works of the self-taught architect Nail Çakırhan, one of the most adamant defenders of vernacular architecture in Turkey and a recipient of the Aga Khan award in 1983, in the context of the house he built for himself using the local architectural materials of the region of Ula, where he was born, and the residential buildings he created in Akyaka, in an attempt to analyze Çakırhan's contemporary interpretation of local architecture.


The competition between strong electronic correlations and charge ordering due to an external potential are studied in the infinite-U Hubbard model by means of the slave-boson technique. The quasi-particle screening of the external potential produces a reduction of the charge-density-wave amplitude with respect to the non-interacting (i.e. U = 0) case. The mechanism becomes more and more effective as the number of electrons per site is increased towards unity.


BACKGROUND
The unique biomechanical demands placed on ballet students predispose to injury and pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of lumbosacral pain in ballet school students and to identify possible risk factors for the pain.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study group comprised 71 ballet school students, including 45 females and 26 males, aged 15-18 years (mean 16.5 years). In order to identify possible risk factors for pain, a survey was conducted, the angle of sacral bone inclination was measured using a mechanical inclinometer and the BMI was calculated. A VAS scale was used for a subjective assessment of pain intensity.

RESULTS
Low back pain was reported by 44 patients (62%). A comparison of sacral inclination angles in a position with the feet placed parallel and in the turnout position showed statistically significant changes in the angle among respondents reporting pain (p <0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
1. Compensation in the turnout position by increas ed anterior tilt of the pelvis may increase the risk of low back pain. 2. An angle of sacral bone inclination in turnout above or equal to 30° can increase the intensity of low back pain. 3. A BMI below 18.5 in female ballet school stu dents can increase the risk of lumbosacral pain.


Osteoporosis is the second biggest health problem in the world after cardiovascular disease, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease is characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in bone frailty and fracture. In Romania, menopause appears 10 years earlier than the internationally accepted limit, which means that women are facing an earlier risk when talking about osteoporosis. The percentage of women in distress (osteopenia) is high, approximately 10% above the internationally accepted limits, thus indicating poor nutrition in youth stage when the bone structure is beginning to form itself.


The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is strictly controlled by multiple negative regulators, has been reported commonly hyper activated and closely related to the progression of bladder cancer. However, how tumor cells override the negative regulatory effects to maintain constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is still unclear. In the current study, we demonstrated that upregulation of miR-543-3p in bladder cancer activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by directly targeting Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) and Dickkopf 1 (DKK1), which are important antagonist molecules of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Expression of miR-543-3p was upregulated in both bladder cancer tissues and cells, and positively correlated with high-grade bladder cancer. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of miR-543-3p promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Notably, overexpression of miR-543-3p enhanced, while silencing miR-543-3p reduced, stem cell-like phenotype of bladder cancer cells. Therefore, our results suggest that miR-543-3p plays a significant role in promoting proliferation and stem cell-like phenotype in bladder cancer, which might be a potential target for anti-bladder cancer therapy.


The aims of this study were to analyze peripheral natural regulatory T cells (Treg) in Prostate Cancer (PCa) patients, regarding density and correlation with serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). Peripheral Tregs from 75 subjects undergoing diagnostic prostate biopsies were enumerated by two sets of markers, CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ and CD4+CD25+CD127low/-. Association between peripheral Treg and serum PSA values was first determined in the entire population, including people with no prostate pathology (healthy) , PCa and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and second, in 9 PCa patients before and after curative prostatectomy. Peripheral Treg frequencies were significantly increased in PCa patients (n=30) compared with BPH patients (n=30) and healthy subjects (n=15) by both methods (p<0.01). The percentage of Treg in BPH patients was also slightly but significantly higher than that of healthy subjects. Importantly, the increase paralleled the elevation in total serum PSA levels, demonstrating a strong positive correlation (r =0.70 by both methods). Additionally, prostatectomy concomitantly restored both peripheral Treg numbers and serum PSA levels. In conclusion, peripheral Treg densities are not only increased in PCa and BPH patients but are also strongly correlated with PSA, suggesting that PSA may have a role in induction and/or maintenance of increased proportion of Tregs in these people.


To evaluate the quality of compensation of hypothyroidism, clinical and labora-tory parameters and quality of life of patients with varying degrees of compensa-tion. Two hundred ambulatory patients with primary hypothyroidism receiving levothyroxine (L-T4) for more than one year participated in the study. Patients were examined at baseline and in 6 months. The scores for the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), symptoms of hypothyroidism and lipid profiles were analyzed. Only 58% (84/200) of patients were euthyroid. After 6 months of correction of replacement therapy, hypothyroidism was compensated in 75.5% of patients, decompensated – in 24.5%. We revealed lower level of scale of physical functioning (p = 0.019) among patients with increased level of TSH (>4 mU/l) in comparison with euthyroid patients. As soon as compensation was achieved patients showed better physical functioning (p = 0.01). There were no difference in the quality of life between the patients with decreased TSH and those with compensated hypothyroidism, however, the achievement of compensation was accompanied by improvement in role-emotional functioning (p 4 mU/l hypercholesterolemia occurs more frequently than among patients with compensated hypothyroidism (p = 0.041), but the achievement of compensation led to significant reduction of total cholesterol (p = 0.09) and LDL (p = 0.012). Conclusion: In spite of relative simplicity of L-thyroxin replacement therapy many patients with hypothyroidism remain decompensate. Active followup of the patients with decompensated hypothyroidism improves the precision of thyroxine replacement and contribute to better quality of life and lipid profile.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether there is a significant difference in initial successful contact when attempting follow-up of patients discharged from a pediatric emergency department (ED) using either pagers or the telephone. In addition, to evaluate whether the combination of both pager and telephone follow-up is more successful than telephone follow-up alone when confined to a 2-hour period.

DESIGN AND SETTING
A prospective comparison of intervention and control groups taken from convenience samples of patients seen in an ED of an urban, tertiary care children's hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
One hundred eighty-five patients whose families had access to both a pager and a telephone (intervention group) and 112 patients whose families had access to only a telephone (control group) were enrolled.

INTERVENTION
Before discharging the patient from the ED, the investigators verified a pager number and/or a best contact telephone number for a follow-up telephone call. Participants were divided into 2 groups. The intervention group consisted of caretakers with both pagers and telephones. The control group consisted of caretakers with only telephones. On even calendar days after ED visits, intervention group caretakers were paged initially from 11:00 AM to 11:59 AM. On odd calendar days, intervention group caretakers were telephoned initially from 11:00 AM to 11:59 AM. Successful contact was defined as communication with a family member or guardian over the age of 18. If the caretaker spoke only Spanish, a translator was used. In a crossover design with the intervention group, if contact was unsuccessful after 1 hour, the alternative mode of communication was used at noon. Control group caretakers were telephoned from 11:00 AM to 11:59 AM. If telephone contact was unsuccessful, they were called again 1 hour later.

RESULTS
Two hundred forty-six (36%) of 685 of the convenience sample of caretakers had access to both a pager and a telephone. Fifty-two (55%) of 94 intervention caretakers were contacted initially using pagers versus 47 (52%) of 91 intervention caretakers contacted initially by telephones. Overall successful contact of intervention caretakers (telephones and pagers) was 145 (78%) of 185 when confined to a 2-hour time period. In contrast, overall successful contact of control caretakers was 68 (61%) of 112 when confined to a 2-hour time period. Successful contact was greater with the intervention caretakers than with control caretakers (78% vs 61%).

CONCLUSIONS
No significant difference in successful contact was seen whether paged or telephoned initially. The combination of both pagers and telephone follow-up was more successful than telephone follow-up alone when confined between 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM.


Purposes: The purposes of this study are to describe the health problems experienced by VLBW premature infants and their health care services utilization during the first year of life Method: Eighteen mothers of VLBW premature infants completed a survey questionnaire, asking socioeconomic/demographic information, health/developmental problems experienced by their infants, and their use of health care services. Results: Of the 18 infants, 78% experienced respiratory problems such as cold/running nose and wheezing during the first year and 33% experienced gastrointestinal problems such as vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. Twelve (67%) infants visited the emergency department at least one time and 10 infants (56%) were hospitalized at least once during their first year of age. Interestingly, infants without chronic lung disease visited the emergency department more than infants without chronic lung disease (p=.213). Infants living in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods were hospitalized more than infants living in disadvantaged neighborhoods (p=.000). Conclusions: Health care providers should initiate educating mothers, particularly those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, about post-NICU discharge health care needs of their VLBW premature infants while their infants were still in the NICU so that unnecessary visits to the emergency department and rehospitalizations can be possibly prevented.


The authors record a series of concordant dolerite intrusions in shales of the Didymograptus bifidus zone, at an horizon lying approximately 1000 feet below the top of the zone. A parallel occurrence would appear to be provided by certain intrusive dolerites of the Shelve Ordovician area of South Shropshire, described by the writer (Q.J.G.S. xcix, 1943, pp. 169–204). In that area, which lies some 25 to 30 miles to the north-north-east of the Builth-Llandrindod inlier, and along the general line of strike of the Ordovician rocks, concordant intrusions such as the Corndon phacolith occur in the Hope Shales, which form the lower part of the D. bifidus zone. The thickness of the zone in the Shelve area has been given as at least 1700 feet (W. F. Whittard, Proc. Geol. Assoc. xlii, 1931, pp. 322–44), of which the Hope Shales form the lower 800 feet. The top of the Corndon intrusion is estimated by the writer to have a cover of between 100 and 200 feet of Hope Shales, which are succeeded by massive tuffs of the Stapeley Volcanic Group. The dolerite therefore occupies an horizon between 1000 and 1100 feet below the top of the zone, on the above estimate of thickness—a very similar position to that given for the Builth-Llandrindod B dolerites. The authors state that the Ordovician rocks of the inlier were probably "nearly, if not quite, horizontal over the greater part of the inlier when the dolerites were intruded", and that the tilting of the rocks


3D Holoscopic Imaging (3DHI) is a promising technique for viewing natural continuous parallax 3D objects within a wide viewing zone using the principle of "Fly's eye". The 3D content is captured using a single aperture camera in real-time and represents a true volume spatial optical model of the object scene. The 3D content viewed by multiple viewers independently of their position, without 3D eyewear glasses. The 3DHI technique merely requires a single recording that the acquisition of the 3D information and the compactness of depth measurement that is used has been attracting attention as a novel depth extraction technique. This paper presents a new corresponding and matching technique based on a novel automatic Feature-Match Selection (FMS) algorithm. The aim of this algorithm is to estimate and extract an accurate full parallax 3D model form from a 3D Omni-directional Holoscopic Imaging (3DOHI) system. The basis for the novelty of the paper is on two contributions: feature blocks selection and corresponding automatic optimization process. There are solutions for three main problems related to the depth map estimation from 3DHI: uncertainty and region homogeneity at image location, dissimilar displacements within the matching block around object borders, and computational complexity.


A study on the speed limit and sizing of auxiliary fixed-wing of compound gyroplane was performed. The performance of the plane that uses the same rotor system and power of BO-105 helicopter was compared with that of BO-105 helicopter. The wing area which is used to compensate in lift, was calculated considering the aerodynamic characteristics and lift sharing ratio of the rotor. Achievable flight speeds were observed for two types of fuselage; BO-105 and streamlined bodies. The study showed that the autorotating rotor can share 1/2 of lift at high speed and the parasite power of compound gyroplane having streamlined body and small wing can be minimized, accordingly it can fly faster than helicopter with airspeed more than twice.


By a ballean we understand a set $X$ endowed with a family of entourages which is a base of some coarse structure on $X$. Given two unbounded ballean $X,Y$ with normal product $X\times Y$, we prove that the balleans $X,Y$ have bounded growth and the bornology of $X\times Y$ has a linearly ordered base. A ballean $(X,\mathcal E_X)$ is defined to have bounded growth if there exists a function $G$ assigning to each point $x\in X$ a bounded subset $G[x]\subset X$ so that for any bounded set $B\subset X$ the union $\bigcup_{x\in B}G[x]$ is bounded and for any entourage $E\in\mathcal E_X$ there exists a bounded set $B\subset X$ such that $E[x]\subset G[x]$ for all $x\in X\setminus B$. We prove that the product $X\times Y$ of two balleans has bounded growth if and only if $X$ and $Y$ have bounded growth and the bornology of the product $X\times Y$ has a linearly ordered base. Also we prove that a ballean $X$ has bounded growth (and the bornology of $X$ has a linearly ordered base) if its symmetric square $[X]^{\le 2}$ is normal (and the ballean $X$ is not ultranormal). A ballean $X$ has bounded growth and its bornology has a linearly ordered base if for some $n\ge 3$ and some subgroup $G\subset S_n$ the $G$-symmetric $n$-th power $[X]^n_G$ of $X$ is normal. On the other hand, we prove that for any ultranormal discrete ballean $X$ and every $n\ge 2$ the power $X^n$ is not normal but the hypersymmetric power $[X]^{\le n}$ of $X$ is normal. Also we prove that the finitary ballean of a group is normal if and only if it has bounded growth if and only if the group is countable.


This paper aimed at examining the extent of childhood death clustering in families in Kenya and uses the findings in informing policy makers for effective program planning and policy interventions on issues regarding child survival programmes. The study sought to assess the extent of clustering of infant and child deaths in rural and urban Kenya and also identify how socio-economic factors such as maternal education and wealth Index are associated with the concentration of infant and child deaths in families.This study adopted a modified version of Mahadevan (1986) model of studying child survival, the adoption of this model and not the others such as Mosley and Chen 1984) was due to the fact that Mahadevan un like The Mosley and Chen has concepts and terminologies that are specifically related to mortality which is very important since it avoids the confusion that arises when using the term "intermediate" and "Proximate" Determinants , which are more related to fertility. Instead , Mahadevan has developed terms like "Life Affecting Variables" to specifically refer to the mortality determinants. Furthermore Mahadevan model is flexible and enjoys more advantages that has even made it more appropriate for this study. It incorporates both micro and macro variables whose influence on the health and consequent death of the child is diverse. This model clearly recognizes the fact that several LAV's either in similar or is similar manner influence mortality in any society . it is thus this element of dissimilarity that made the model more appropriate for this study The study use data from KDHS 2008/09 which involved a nationally representative sample of 8444 women in their reproductive ages. Where 6102 women had parity one and above with total live births of 22534. To look at the existence and extent of child death clustering theoretical statistical distributions namely Binomial distribution Poisson and Negative binomial distributions were utilized. The results confirmed that clustering depends on area of residence, maternal education and Wealth index. The existence of death clustering and its variation suggest that new ways of identifying such families need to be examined to specifically utilize targeted programs.


Abstract. The influence of social and economic change on the consequences of natural hazards has been a matter of much interest recently. However, there is a lack of comprehensive, high-resolution data on historical changes in land use, population, or assets available to study this topic. Here, we present the Historical Analysis of Natural Hazards in Europe (HANZE) database, which contains two parts: (1) HANZE-Exposure with maps for 37 countries and territories from 1870 to 2020 in 100 m resolution and (2) HANZE-Events, a compilation of past disasters with information on dates, locations, and losses, currently limited to floods only. The database was constructed using high-resolution maps of present land use and population, a large compilation of historical statistics, and relatively simple disaggregation techniques and rule-based land use reallocation schemes. Data encompassed in HANZE allow one to "normalize" information on losses due to natural hazards by taking into account inflation as well as changes in population, production, and wealth. This database of past events currently contains 1564 records (1870–2016) of flash, river, coastal, and compound floods. The HANZE database is freely available at https://data.4tu.nl/repository/collection:HANZE .


Small-angle neutron scattering has been used to study the vortex lattice in superconducting MgB2 doped with either manganese or carbon to achieve a similar suppression of the critical temperature. Measurements were performed with the magnetic field applied along the c axis, where the vortex lattice in pure MgB2 is known to undergo a field- and temperature-driven 30° rotation transition. For Mn doping, the vortex lattice phase diagram remains qualitatively similar to that of pure MgB2, indicating only a modest effect on the vortex–vortex interaction. In contrast, the vortex lattice rotation transition is completely suppressed in the C-doped case, probably due to a change in the electronic structure which affects the two-band/two-gap nature of superconductivity in MgB2. The vortex lattice longitudinal correlation length shows the opposite behavior, remaining roughly unchanged between pure and C-doped MgB2 while it is significantly reduced in the Mn-doped case. However, the extensive vortex lattice metastability and related activated behavior, observed in conjunction with the vortex lattice transition in pure MgB2, are also seen in the Mn-doped sample. This shows that the vortex lattice disordering is not associated with a substantially increased vortex pinning.


Conventional proton cyclotrons are practically limited by relativistic effects to energies around 250 MeV, sufficient to conduct proton therapy of adults but not for full-body proton tomography. We present an adaptation of the cyclinac scheme for proton imaging, in which a c.250 MeV cyclotron used for treatment feeds a linac that delivers a lower imaging current at up to 350 MeV. Our ProBE cavity design envisages a gradient sufficient to obtain 100 MeV acceleration in 3 metres after focusing is included, suitable for inclusion in the layouts of existing proton therapy centres such as the UK centre under construction at Christie Hospital. In this paper, we present the results of design studies on the linac optics and RF cavity parameters. We detail particle transmission studies and tracking simulation studies.


The pharmaceutical industry is confronted by increasing costs of clinical development and diminishing productivity. The most challenging aspect of drug development has been the failure of therapeutics in expensive Phase II or III trials, and this is most commonly due to lack of efficacy. More can be done during the drug discovery phase to optimize efficacy-testing in animal models by expending resources to explore the congruence of the animal model with the human disease. Historically, relatively little attention has been paid to validation of these models, but access to molecular mRNA and genetic profiling offers a new lens through which the similarity of these disease models to human diseases can be examined and their utility for exploring therapeutic efficacy can be optimized. Exploring congruent experimental end points in clinical and preclinical experiments will also increase confidence of success in late phase clinical development. The expense of this investment is trivial compared to the costs of a failed clinical trial, more than justifying this endeavor.


ABSTRACT Specificity of membrane fusion in vesicular trafficking is dependent on proper subcellular distribution of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). Although SNARE complexes are fairly promiscuous in vitro, substantial specificity is achieved in cells owing to the spatial segregation and shielding of SNARE motifs prior to association with cognate Q-SNAREs. In this study, we identified phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase II&agr; (PI4K2A) as a binding partner of vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3), a small R-SNARE involved in recycling and retrograde transport, and found that the two proteins co-reside on tubulo-vesicular endosomes. PI4K2A knockdown inhibited VAMP3 trafficking to perinuclear membranes and impaired the rate of VAMP3-mediated recycling of the transferrin receptor. Moreover, depletion of PI4K2A significantly decreased association of VAMP3 with its cognate Q-SNARE Vti1a. Although binding of VAMP3 to PI4K2A did not require kinase activity, acute depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) on endosomes significantly delayed VAMP3 trafficking. Modulation of SNARE function by phospholipids had previously been proposed based on in vitro studies, and our study provides mechanistic evidence in support of these claims by identifying PI4K2A and PtdIns4P as regulators of an R-SNARE in intact cells.


mu-Opioid receptors are the pharmacological targets of endogenous opioid peptides and morphine-like alkaloid drugs. Previous studies of transfected cells and peripheral neurons indicate that opioid receptors are rapidly internalized after activation by the alkaloid agonist etorphine but not after activation by morphine. To determine whether opioid receptors in the central nervous system are regulated by a similar process of agonist-selective internalization, mu-opioid receptors were examined in rat brain neurons after treatment of animals with opioid drugs. Internalized mu receptors were observed within 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of the alkaloid agonist etorphine, and this process was blocked by the antagonist naloxone. Colocalization of internalized opioid receptors with transferrin receptors in confocal optical sections indicated that receptor internalization observed in vivo is mediated by a membrane trafficking pathway similar to that observed previously in vitro using transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Morphine failed to induce detectable rapid internalization of receptors, even when administered to animals at doses far in excess of those required to induce analgesia. To quantify these agonist-selective differences and to analyze an array of opioid ligands for their ability to trigger internalization, we used flow cytometry on stably transfected 293 cells. These studies indicated that the different effects of individual agonists are not correlated with their potencies for receptor activation and that a variety of clinically important agonists differ significantly in their relative abilities to stimulate the rapid internalization of opioid receptors.


ABSTRACT Eight Newcastle disease virus isolates from Pakistan were sequenced and characterized. A PCR matrix gene assay, designed to detect all avian paramyxovirus 1, did not detect four of the isolates. A new matrix gene test that detected all isolates was developed. Phylogenetic analysis and pathotyping confirmed that virulent viruses of different genotypes are circulating in Pakistan.


This paper describes the audio system anddriver's design of TLV320AIC23B under the operating system of WinCE5.0 based on AT91SAM9260. In the audio system SPI of AT91SAM9260 is used to configure AIC23, and SSC is used to transport audio data among them bidirectionally. The MDD/PDD Model is adopted in the audio driver. The main functions of PDD layer are implemented for MDD/PDD Model in the driver. More DMA buffers are allocated to improve the processing of audio data effectively in the driver. The driver can support recording and playing audio data at the same time, this driver performs well in real application.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore how organisational culture has changed between 2011 and 2016 in a higher education institution (HEI) that has been faced with both significant internal and external changes. There are three areas to be examined: the change in culture on an organisational level, the demographic changes in the workforce, and the changes in values and perceptions of the workforce over time. Design/methodology/approach - This is an explorative study and a repeated cross-sectional study of the organisation. The authors used the same methodology and approach for both the 2011 and 2016 studies, namely, the Organisational Culture Assessment Instrument was used to ascertain respondents values and perceptions. The instrument was distributed in printed format to all members of staff and approval was received prior to distribution. Results were tested for significance using Cronbach's Findings - There were demographic changes in the workforce primarily for age, occupation and tenure of staff, but little change in gender. Despite these changes in the workforce, on an organisational level perceptions and values have changed little over the five-year period, despite a multitude of external and internal developments. Although there were statistically significant differences between culture types and demographics (age, tenure, gender and occupation), there was no single demographic with a statistically significant difference for a particular culture type, either in values or perceptions. Research limitations/implications - The study questions the concept of organisational culture being affected by internal integration and external adaptation over time. Results indicate that culture is, by itself, either slow to react change, or does not react at all. A high response rate would be best for getting a clear picture of the culture of the organisation and a qualitative study is necessary (and planned) to develop the findings further, as well as triangulate the findings of this study. Practical implications - This study should be of interest to practitioners as it presents the caveat that organisational culture of this study cannot be expected to change on its own, and highlights the need for a planned change process for the organisational culture to adapt to the changing needs of both the external and internal environments. The potential for resistance to change in this organisation appears is high and values and perceptions appear unrelated to any particular demographic. Social implications - Although the authors cannot generalise from this longitudinal case study, the authors can consider some potential social implications, especially if further studies confirm the findings. First, despite government attempts to develop higher education in Hungary, staff perceptions and values within the institution are harder to change. Second, any attempts to revitalise the organisation from the inside (such as in this case with the forced retirement of older employees) seem unfruitful. Finally, the HEI is struggling to survive, and yet employees seem to not be a part of that struggle. Originality/value - Although there are studies of organisational culture in HEIs, very few have undertaken a longitudinal approach. The study takes place in a unique situation: just before and just after extreme changes – both internally and externally – have taken place. Few studies question the organic and evolving nature of culture as it is difficult to predict when changes will occur. The study is in the unique position of having been able to do so.


This articol presents the inflationary fenomenum and its effects upon the contemporary society. The economical reality assumes the inflationary process as one of its components that generates a serial of economical-social consequenses. The effects generated upon the socio-economical climate are different regarding the scope of the inflation only and also considering the fact that inflation represents one of the most dangerous fenomena taking into account the effects that take over so unpredictablly. Analizing the effects one might devide them into social and economical effects. The social effects of the inflationary process are observable in the decrease of the quality of life of the population especially of those with low income, those who are fully aware of the aberrant growing of prices. The unemployment is a serious social consequence of the inflationary process. The economical effects regard the reducing of the complexity of companies. At a macroeconomical level, the national produces lose competitivity abroad through the diminuation of exports and increase of inports, through cronical defficits of the balance of the external comerce , through the diminuation of the production ,and through the increase of prices.


The addition of a fine particulate material to a Portland cement can impart an influence on the hydration of the cement with witch is blended or will act just as a simple filler. Such material may be inert or have latent hydraulic properties. This study examines the influence of the three fillers on the hydration of C3S: - zirconia, witch is insoluble in water and only fills up porosity; - limestone filler, whose effect on the hydration of C3A is well know; its interaction with C3S has yet to be detailed; - zircon, whose cristalline structure is closely related to the C3S one; zircon and C3S also possess a common ion. Zircon and limestone filler react with C3S. Limestone filler accelerate C3S dissolution and modify the nature of hydrates: carbonated silicates precipitate. Zircon consumes calcium hydroxide and changes the nature of hydrates. Zircon and limestone filler do not enhance the compactness of the granular stack but their chemical reactivity induces an increase in strength at dosages higher than 20%.


A general framework for modeling the reaction and transport of multiple, interacting chemical species in drinking water distribution systems is developed. It accommodates reactions between constituents in both the bulk flow (through pipes and storage tanks) and those attached to pipe walls. The framework has been implemented as an extension to the well-known EPANET programmer's toolkit (a library of functions that simulates hydraulic behavior and water quality transport in pipe networks). The implementation allows modelers to define the particular species of interest and their chemical equilibrium and reaction rate equations in a natural fashion using standard functional notation. It also employs several different numerical methods, including a stiff differential equation solver, to solve the reaction/equilibrium system throughout the pipe network using the standard EPANET transport algorithm. The flexibility and power of the framework is demonstrated with two examples that model water quality dynamics governed by different reaction/equilibrium systems.


The primary focus of analyzing the widespread adaptation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) has been to determine what effect, if any, PEV battery charging will have on infrastructure loading and power quality. To date, very little research has been performed to determine: 1) the potential impact of normal utility system operation, e.g. switching of shunt capacitor banks, system voltage variations, etc. on the performance of PEV battery chargers or 2) how multiple PEV chargers interact with one another from a harmonic current injection perspective. Time-domain simulations are required to assess such impacts; however, detailed time-domain models of modern PEV chargers are not readily available in the literature. The following paper presents a detailed EMTP-RV model of an onboard Level 1 PEV charger that can be used to perform detailed system integration assessment of PEV chargers. Model results are validated using measurement data from an actual Level 1 on-board charger.


We investigate hierarchical graphical models (HGMs) for automatically detecting decisions in multi-party discussions. Several types of dialogue act (DA) are distinguished on the basis of their roles in formulating decisions. HGMs enable us to model dependencies between observed features of discussions, decision DAs, and subdialogues that result in a decision. For the task of detecting decision regions, an HGM classifier was found to outperform non-hierarchical graphical models and support vector machines, raising the F1-score to 0.80 from 0.55.


The first vane leading edge film cooling is challenging because of the highest thermal load and the complex flow interaction between the hot mainstream gas and the coolant flow. This interaction varies significantly from the stagnation region to the regions of high curvature and acceleration further downstream. Additionally, in industrial gas turbines with multiple combustor chambers around the annulus the first vane leading edges may also be exposed to large wake disturbances shed from the upstream combustor walls.The influence of these vortical structures on the first vane leading edge film cooling is numerically analysed in this paper. In order to assess the capabilities of the flow solver TBLOCK to simulate these complex interactions an experimental test case is modelled numerically. The test case is available in the open literature and consists of a cylindrical leading edge and two rows of film cooling holes representative of industrial practice. A LES turbulence modelling strategy with WALE sub-grid scale (SGS) model is applied and compared against experimental results. Based on this validation it is decided to analyse also the wake–leading edge interaction, dominated by large scale unsteady vortical structures, using the same WALE sub-grid scale LES model. The initial flow domain with the cylindrical leading edge and cooling holes is extended to incorporate the effect of the combustor wall, which is modelled as a flat plate with a square trailing edge. The location and the size of the plate are scaled to be representative of industrial practice: the plate is located upstream from the leading edge at a distance twice the leading edge diameter, and the thickness of the plate is one half of the leading edge diameter. Two different clockwise positions of the vertical combustor wall model were investigated and compared with the datum configuration: the former where the axis of the plate and the leading edge are aligned (central wake location), the latter with the combustor wall circumferentially shifted up by a quarter of the leading edge diameter (circumferentially shifted wake location).Numerical predictions show that the shed vortices from the combustor wall trailing edge have a highly detrimental effect on the leading edge film cooling by periodically removing the coolant flow from the leading edge surface. This results in an increased unsteady thermal load. These negative effects are less significant in the case of circumferentially shifted wake, due to the combined action of both shed vortices.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Objective Tetralogy of Fallot patients with pulmonary atresia (TOFPA) have a largely varying source of pulmonary perfusion with often hypoplastic and even absent central pulmonary arteries. A retrospective single center study was undertaken to assess outcome of these patients regarding type of surgical procedures, long-term mortality, achievement of VSD closure and analysis of postoperative interventions. Methods 76 consecutive patients with TOFPA operated between 01.01.2003 and 31.12.2019 are included in this single center study. Patients with ductus dependent pulmonary circulation underwent primary single stage full correction including VSD closure and right ventricular to pulmonary conduit implantation (RVPAC) or transanular patch reconstruction. Children with hypoplastic pulmonary arteries and MAPCAs without double supply were predominantly treated by unifocalization and RVPAC implantation. The follow up period ranges between 0 and 16,5 years. Results 31 patients (41%) underwent single stage full correction at a median age of 12 days, 15 patients could be treated by a transanular patch. 30 days mortality rate in this group was 6%. In the remaining 45 patients the VSD could not be closed during their first surgery which was performed at a median age of 89 days. A VSD closure was achieved later in 64% of these patients after median 178 days. 30 days mortality rate after the first surgery was 13% in this group. The estimated 10-year-survival rate after the first surgery is 80,5% ± 4,7% showing no significant difference between the groups with and without MAPCAs (p > 0,999). Median intervention-free interval (surgery and transcatheter intervention) after VSD closure was 1,7 ± 0,5 years [95% CI: 0,7–2,8 years]. Conclusions A VSD closure could be achieved in 79% of the total cohort. In patients without MAPCAs this was possible at a significant earlier age (p < 0,01). Although patients without MAPCAs predominantly underwent single stage full correction at newborn age, the overall mortality rate and the interval until reintervention after VSD closure did not show significant differences between the two groups with and without MAPCAs. The high rate of proven genetic abnormalities (40%) with non-cardiac malformations did also pay its tribute to impaired life expectancy.


To prevent the release of radioiodine during the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel or in the management of other wastes, many technologies have been developed for iodine capture. The capture is only part of the challenge as a durable waste form is required to ensure safe disposal of the radioiodine. This work presents the first durability studies in dilute conditions of two AgI-containing waste forms: hot-isostatically pressed silver mordenite (AgZ) and spark plasma sintered silver-functionalized silica aerogel (SFA) iodine waste forms (IWF). Using the single-pass flow-through (SPFT) test method, the dissolution rates respective to Si, Al, Ag and I were measured for variants of the IWFs. By combining solution and solid analysis information on the corrosion mechanism neutral-to-alkaline conditions was elucidated. The AgZ samples were observed to have corrosion preferentially occur at secondary phases with higher Al and alkali content. These phases contained a lower proportion of I compared with the matrix. The SFA samples experienced a higher extent of corrosion at Si-rich particles, but an increased addition of Si to the waste led to an improvement in corrosion resistance. The dissolution rates for the IWF types are of similar magnitude to other Si-based waste form materials measured using SPFT.


An analogy is given between the Fuoss-Kirkwood theory of dielectrics concerning distribution of relaxation time constants and the impedance of RC networks. It is shown that this analogy can be used to realize approximately a given impedance function of an RC network.


Generally, the implementation of learning at Indonesian Elementary School in abroad is influenced by the costumes and culture of the local country. This is one of the causes that Indonesian people who study in abroad less know their authentic cultures well enough. Except an inadequate knowledge about the cultures which is given by their family of each children. In another side, at their age is the golden age for receiving the foundation of science. Therefore, if they do not introduce about their authentic cultures in early age so that they will encounter crisis knowledge about Indonesian cultures. Consequently, the efforts to revitalization Indonesian cultures at Indonesian Elementary School in abroad demanding to conducted the cooperation program of study/research. One of them is through a lesson study program in abroad. In this PLSLN (Lesson Study Program in Abroad), it is conducted a lesson study in mathematics learning. This is to minimize the material abstractness of mathematics as well as introducing Indonesian culture. Thus, the purpose of this program is to improve the quality of mathematics learning process using Indonesian culture at the Indonesian elementary school in the Indonesian embassy Thailand. Lesson study is designed in two cycles, which each of them is composed of several activities. Lesson study composed of three activities: a) Plan, teachers compile the lesson plan in groups, b) Do is the realization of learning where one of the teachers will act as a model and observed by other teachers, c) See is a reflection to improve the next learning process. A number of new knowledge can obtain the result of reflection or decisions for the improvement and enhancement of learning, especially at the Indonesian Elementary school in abroad. The result of lesson study shows that the students in learning mathematics are joyful and after analysis shows that there is an increase in student learning activities from cycle to cycle. Lesson Study, they are conditioned to learn to sincerely and responsibly. An understanding of the material is also more meaningful. It can be concluded that the Lesson Study can improve students' learning activities in learning and it can be a means of learning application PAIKEM.


Author(s): Pilegard, Celeste | Advisor(s): Mayer, Richard E | Abstract: Despite popular enthusiasm for using video games in the classroom, a review of the research reveals a frequent lack of meaningful (i.e., transferable) learning outcomes resulting from video game play (Mayer, 2014). One explanation could be that video game environments are fast and forward-moving, whereas learning that leads to transfer is reflective, effortful, and requires integrating new information with prior knowledge. What can be added to computer games to facilitate transferable learning? In Experiments 1 and 2, participants played a computer game called Cache 17, which has a narrative cover story about finding stolen art as well as instructional information about electromechanical devices. The player's main goal can be to win (i.e., find the art) rather than to understand the instructional content (i.e., understand how a wet cell battery works). In Experiments 1 and 2, students who filled out worksheets about the devices in Cache 17 during game play outperformed a control group without worksheets on a transfer test, demonstrating that the worksheets helped students focus their limited cognitive resources on the learning material. Experiments 3a and 3b investigated how to train transferable spatial skills with Tetris. Previous research shows that Tetris experts are better than non-experts at mentally rotating Tetris shapes, but nothing else. In Experiment 3a, participants completed a series of lessons and worksheets on Tetris problem-solving with the goal of building a declarative knowledge base to use as a basis for transferable spatial skills. One group completed these lessons and played Tetris and one group played Tetris only. Pre- and post-training tests measured spatial and cognitive skills related to Tetris play. Experiment 3b added an inactive control condition that took the pre- and post-training measures but did not complete any training. The results of Experiments 3a and 3b indicated no benefit of playing Tetris with or without additional training on gains in any spatial or cognitive measure when controlling for pre-training performance. This research helps develop principles for how transferable learning can be facilitated with games.


AIM
The purpose of the present multicenter clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of two different procedures in the treatment of infrabony defects: guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with nonresorbable membranes and enamel matrix derivative (EMD).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Six centers participated in this study. Ninety-eight patients with an interproximal infrabony defect were selected. All patients were treated with an initial phase of scaling and root planing, and at the study's baseline the selected defects presented a value of probing depth (PD) > or =6 mm with an infrabony component > or =4 mm. Forty-nine patients were treated with GTR procedures (using ePTFE membranes (Gore-Tex W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA)) and forty-nine with EMDs (Emdogain (U Biora AB Malm, Sweden)). The efficacy of each treatment modality was investigated through covariance analysis.

RESULTS
The patients were reevaluated at one year postop. Probing attachment level (PAL) gain and PD reduction were analyzed. In the Emdogain group the PAL before surgery (PAL 0) and the PD before surgery (PD 0) were respectively 9.9+/-1.4 and 8.5+/-1.6 mm. The PAL gain and the PD reduction at 1 year postsurgery were respectively 4.1+/-1.8 and 5.3+/-1.9 mm. The group of patients treated with membranes showed that PAL 0 and PD 0 were respectively 8.9+/-1.9 and 8.1+/-1.9. The PAL gain was 4.3+/-1.9 mm and the PD reduction was 5.6+/-1.5 mm. The mean PAL gain expressed by percentage (PAL gain/PAL 0) for the group treated with EMD was 41%, while it was 48% for the group treated with GTR. Results from our analysis suggest that there is no statistically significant difference between GTR and EMD treatments in terms of PAL gain, PD reduction and recession variation. Applying the regression model to a group of patients with a PAL 0 > or =8 mm, we observed a better clinical outcome in terms of PAL gain (difference of 0.3 mm) in patients treated with the GTR procedure compared to those treated with EMD. Covariance analysis showed a strong correlation in both groups of patients between PAL gain and full mouth bleeding score, and between PAL gain and defect morphology and depth.


Current methods of ranking or scoring disability tend to be arbitrary. A new method is put forward on the hypothesis that disability progresses in regular, cumulative patterns. A model of disability is defined and tested with the use of Guttman scale analysis. Its validity is indicated on data from a survey in the community and from postsurgical patients, and some factors involved in scale variation are identified. The model provides a simple measurement technique and has implications for the assessment of individual disadvantage, for the prediction of progress in recovery or deterioration, and for evaluation of the outcome of treatment regimes.


The outputs of two independent, incoherent lasers are spatially overlapped in a Raman-active medium. When the probes are separated in time, the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) efficiency of the delayed pulse is increased from 14 to 27%. This occurs because of the presence of the decaying coherent excitation induced by the SRS of the first pulse. The influence of saturable losses is removed by prepulsing the medium before applying the pulse pair. The temporal evolution of the enhancement and phase-matching conditions are investigated. Surprisingly, the pulses interact only when they are separated in time, with the enhancement vanishing when they are temporally overlapped. The outputs of several independent lasers may be combined to generate significantly higher SRS efficiencies, without increasing the pump intensity incident on the medium. The technique provides a means for recovering efficient SRS in the transient (short-pulse) regime. >


Chalcone synthase [naringenin-chalcone synthase; malonyl-CoA:4-coumaroyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing), E.C. 22.214.171.124], the key enzyme of flavonoid pathways that was believed to be soluble, has been localized on ribosome-bearing endoplasmic reticulum membranes in the epidermis of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) hypocotyls. Enzyme activity measurement and immunoblots of buckwheat hypocotyl homogenates that were fractionated on linear sucrose density gradients and developed with a specific chalcone synthase antibody and a 20-nm ImmunoGold conjugate showed the presence of chalcone synthase in fractions enriched in endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The presence of chalcone synthase on these membranes was not caused by nonspecific adsorption or entrapment of proteins. Immunocytochemical investigations with both a 5-nm and a 20-nm ImmunoGold conjugate showed that chalcone synthase was associated with the cytoplasmic face of rough (ribosome bearing) endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Plasma membrane, nucleus, plastids, mitochondria, golgi, and the tonoplast were not labeled. These data are consistent with our earlier described model suggesting that the synthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids takes place partially or fully on membrane-associated enzyme complexes.


Cyber-Physical Systems and Industry 4.0 topics are in the focus of research. Especially energy management systems can be improved with new opportunities due to interconnected systems. Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) will help to handle the use of volatile renewable energies and to realize intelligent shut down strategies. This paper gives an overview about current CPES research topics and shows an approach, which helps to reduce the energy consumption. The main aspects are avoidance of peak loads and reduction of base load from the perspective of a car manufacturer.


Summary The general result of sections III., IV., V. is that Indian glaciers are near about as large as they have been since the deposition of the crumpled Tertiary beds which are called "Nahuns" and "Shivaliks." "The glacial period" is dated "Postpliocene." The Indian ground traversed extends from Ceylon to Kangra, near lat. 32° N., and includes Lower Himalayan slopes between the river Ravee, lat. 32° N., and Darjeeling in lat. 27° 28' near long. 90° E. The result of section V. is the same for the Caucasus, about 40° N., and for the Rocky Mountains, about lat. 36° to 37°. About lat. 45°–46° in Northern Italy glaciers certainly were a great deal larger in Postpliocene times. There is reason to believe that glaciers existed as far south as Calabria, near lat. 30°, in "Miocene" times ; that is, about the latitude of Simla and Hirdwar. The general conclusion is in section VI., and the result of the whole paper is in the first paragraph and in the last. The facts are in sections III. to VI.; and to them I beg to refer readers who wish to test my conclusions.


This article brings disability theory and activism into conversation with environmental justice, a conversation that has often been stymied by a fundamental difference in approaching disability. Environmental justice movements position disability as a visceral marker of environmental harm, while disability movements claim disability as a site of value and vitality, a position I call "disability embrace." Rather than adjudicate these differences, I use them to pinpoint a barrier to political alliance: environmental disability is a consequence of structural violence. I argue that disability politics offer vital resources for grappling with climate change. Applying insights from disability studies and disability activism to the analysis of environmental damage reveals the political stakes of diagnosis—the way power contours how, when, and to what ends we recognize human and ecological impairment. Disability insights illuminate pervasive cultural patterns of invisibility and climate denial. Disability critiques of futurity and cure can also reconfigure the way we approach hope and help fashion a new narrative of what it might mean to live well in the Anthropocene.


Religious fundamentalism is conceived as a distinctive set of beliefs and attitudes toward one's religion, including obedience to religious norms, belief in the universality and immutability of its principles, the validity of its claims, and its indispensability for human happiness. Surveys of Egyptian and Saudi youth, ages 18 25, reveal that respondents with higher levels of fundamentalism are more likely to rely on religious authorities as the source of knowledge about the sociopolitical role of Islam, support religious law, be fatalistic, and feel insecure. They are also less likely to watch TV. Saudi females are more fundamentalist than males, but in Egypt, the opposite held true. Country-specific effects are present, and there are implications for future research.


Soft soil as foundation soil always became problems related to constructions those were constructed on it.  The understanding of physical and mechanical properties of soft soil were important for understanding the  behaviour of this soil due to vertical loading. One of types of vertical loading was trial embankment. The analysis for vertical and horizontal deformation in soft soil carried out by comparing between the data  resulted from field measurement and from numerical simulation. Numerical simulation carried out by using  Plaxis version 7.0. In this simulation, soft soil and embankment soil were modelled in Mohr-Coulomb model  material.  The results of the analysis showed that there was an increasement in soft soil shear strength. This condition  led to the decreasement in horizontal deformation. The extreme difference in horizontal deformation between  field measurement and numerical simulaton caused by the difference assumption used in soil modeling. For  instance modulus of elasticity assumption, soil homogeneity assumption, and fixed condition at the bottom  edge of inclinometer. Maximum vertical deformation in soft soil occurred under the center of trial  embankment. It happened because the highest compression occurred in this area when the maximum height  of embankment reached. This condition led to highest burden supported by the soil under the center of trial  embankment.


Background: There has been considerable acknowledgement in treatment outcome research that, although the assessment of treatment integrity is essential in many respects, it requires great effort as well as resources and is therefore often neglected. Aims: In order to fill this gap, the Cognitive Therapy Competence Scale for Social Phobia (CTCS-SP) was developed, based on the Cognitive Therapy Scale, to measure therapist competence in delivering cognitive therapy for social phobia. The aim of the present study was to investigate interrater reliability, internal consistency and retest reliability of the scale. Method: Raters evaluated therapist competence from 161 videotaped sessions (98 patients) selected from 234 cognitive treatments within a multi-centre study. Results: Interrater-reliability was found to be high for the overall score (ICC = .81) and moderate for individual items (ICC = .62–.92). Internal consistency and retest reliability were also found to be high (Cronbach's alpha = .89; (ICCretest = .86). Conclusions: The results indicate that the CTCS-SP is highly reliable. As even individual items yield satisfactory reliability, the scale can be used in various fields of research, including the measurement of changes in skill acquisition and the impact of competence on outcome criteria.


This work studied the effect of microalloying on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al. 4%Zn alloy. The mechanical properties studied were yield and ultimate tensile strength, % elongation, compressive strength and hardness. The tests were conducted using the ASTM E8, E10 and E20 standards. Microstructural analysis was done using metallurgical microscope model Olympus PMA–3 and the micrographs were obtained with an attached camera. The results obtained showed that nickel and chromium modified the structure of the studied alloy and therefore improved the mechanical properties.


In this paper we present the design of several topologies of radial and axial superconducting rotating machines. These topologies are based on the magnetic flux concentration principle. The armature of the studied machines is a copper one and the inductor is made of superconducting wire and bulk superconductors. In fact, using the superconducting wire allow a high magnetic flux density. Thanks to bulk superconductors, the flux density is modulated and variable around the air-gap of the machine. Each bulk superconductor is considered as a perfect diamagnetic. Magnetic calculations are carried out using the Monte Carlo Method which has the specificity to be used in limited regions of the studied magnetic area. Due to this property, the calculations time can be seriously decreased.


In neurology and psychiatry the detailed study of illusory own body perceptions has suggested close links between bodily processing and self-consciousness. One such illusory own body perception is heautoscopy where patients have the sensation of being reduplicated and to exist at two or even more locations. In previous experiments, using a video head-mounted display, self-location and self-identification were manipulated by applying conflicting visuo-tactile information. Yet the experienced singularity of the self was not affected, i.e., participants did not experience having multiple bodies or selves. In two experiments presented in this paper, we investigated self-location and self-identification while participants saw two virtual bodies (video-generated in study 1 and 3D computer generated in study 2) that were stroked either synchronously or asynchronously with their own body. In both experiments, we report that self-identification with two virtual bodies was stronger during synchronous stroking. Furthermore, in the video generated setup with synchronous stroking participants reported a greater feeling of having multiple bodies than in the control conditions. In study 1, but not in study 2, we report that self-location – measured by anterior posterior drift – was significantly shifted towards the two bodies in the synchronous condition only. Self-identification with two bodies, the sensation of having multiple bodies, and the changes in self-location show that the experienced singularity of the self can be studied experimentally. We discuss our data with respect to ownership for supernumerary hands and heautoscopy. We finally compare the effects of the video and 3D computer generated head-mounted display technology and discuss the possible benefits of using either technology to induce changes in illusory self-identification with a virtual body.


It is difficult to fully characterise the surface chemistry and properties of the complex materials that are carbons. These can range from amorphous-based activated carbons to organised graphene, carbon nanotubes and other forms. However, a combination of techniques, such as, TG supplemented by TGIR, XPS and Boehm titration, bromination with various solid-state NMR methodologies can permit a comprehensive understanding of both their bulk and surface characteristics. The application of these techniques in the characterisation of both the bulk and surface features of carbon-based materials will be presented and discussed ADDIN EN.REFLIST .


The scientific basis of bone transplantation was established during the mid-nineteenth century, when the osteogenic properties of the bone and periosteum, beneficial influence of cold preservation of bones, and first conventional attempt to store bones for elective use, were described. A bone bank has several advantages, such as the immediate availability of grafts in large quantities, and different shapes and sizes, and maintenance of osteoinductive activity in grafts. In addition, it reduces patient blood loss, surgical time, and quantity of anesthetics required. Clinical applications include the correction of comminuted fractures, treatment of non-union bones, and replacement of bone loss due to infections or malignancies. The success of these procedures depends on the preservation and integrity of the graft. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of maintaining a canine bone bank ( Canis familiaris ) by quantifying the bacterial contamination of bone grafts preserved at –24°C. The samples were evaluated through a monthly assessment of bacteriological cultures over a period of 6 months. The harvest method was efficient and sterile, reducing the risk of contamination. We conclude that the techniques chosen for the implementation of a bone bank were effective and feasible (use of a common freezer reaching a temperature below –24°C). The viability of the bones was attested during a 6-month period, and the samples demonstrated a 100% sterility rate.


The mineral content and apparent biological value (ABV) of milk from Human (T1), White Fulani (Bunaji) cow (T2) and West African dwarf goats (T3) (n=10) were assessed following a completely randomised design model and covariance analysis respectively. Concentration per million (ppm) were 210, 150 and 52 Na, (goat, human and cow milk) while potassium content was similar (P>0.05) in human (1.60) and goat (1.55) milk compared to that of cow milk. Quantity of Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu and Mn were higher in goat and human milk. They were lowest in cow milk: 4.03, 0.92, 1.07, 0.25 and 1.59ppm respectively. In these three treatments, the respective ratios Ca.P-1 were 4.2:1 (T1), 4.4:1 (T2) and 4.6:1 (T3) while Ca.Mg-1 and P.Mg-1 were decreased from 3.9 (cow milk) to 1.9 (human milk) and 0.89 (cow milk) to 0.45 (human milk). In conclusion, the milk of goat (West African dwarf) which contained more of these mineral contents similar to that of human milk, is a pointer to the nutritional contribution of goat milk in a country like Nigeria where prevailing undernourishment and malnutrition are accompanied by low intake of some minerals and vitamins among the populace and most especially the vulnerable (pregnant, lactating mothers, infants and weanlings and the sick) groups. The Journal of Food Technology in Africa Volume 7 No.1, 2002, pp. 9-11
 KEY WORDS: West African dwarf goat, White Fulani (Bunaji) cow, Mineral composition, Apparent Biological Value.


Over the past decade various efforts were taken to provide mechanisms to do secure and reliable message exchanges in distributed systems. With the advance of the Internet and concept of SOA much focus and effort were given to realizing this based on Web services. Our goal was to come up with a solution which implements these features in a usable and a modular manner. The implementation was done on top of the Apache Axis2 platform and the result was a framework which facilitates fully secure and reliable Web service message exchange


While English is the dominant language in scientific literature, there are many reasons for introducing bilingualism in academic journals. Bilingualism has generally been avoided due to the perception of high costs and possible inconsistencies between the source language article and the translated version. A medical journal based in Santiago, Chile, carried out a two‐year‐long quality improvement intervention to overhaul the peer review, copyediting, translating and publication technologies to ensure full bilingualism from submission to online publication. The outcomes are full bilingualism for articles submitted in Spanish and simultaneous publication of both language versions while not compromising the financial sustainability of the journal.


Nowadays, multithreaded architectures are becoming more and more popular. In fact, many processor vendors have already shipped processors with multithreade d features. Regardless of this push on multithreaded process ors, still today there is not a clear procedure that defines how to measure the behavior of a multithreaded processor. This paper presents FAME, a new evaluation methodology aimed to fairly measure the performance of multithreaded processors. FAME can be used in conjunction with any of the metrics proposed for multithreaded processors like IPC throughput, weighted speedup, etc. The idea behind FAME is to reexecute all threads in a multithreaded workload unti l all of them are fairly represented in the final measurements taken from the workload. Then these measurements will be combined with the corresponding metric to obtain a final value that quantifies the performance of the processor under consideration.


Time-series anomaly detection plays a vital role in monitoring complex operation conditions. However, the detection accuracy of existing approaches is heavily influenced by pattern distribution, existence of multiple normal patterns, dynamical features representation, and parameter settings. For the purpose of improving the robustness and guaranteeing the accuracy, this research combined the strengths of negative selection, unthresholded recurrence plots, and an extreme learning machine autoencoder and then proposed robust anomaly detection for time-series data (RADTD), which can automatically learn dynamical features in time series and recognize anomalies with low label dependency and high robustness. Yahoo benchmark datasets and three tunneling engineering simulation experiments were used to evaluate the performance of RADTD. The experiments showed that in benchmark datasets RADTD possessed higher accuracy and robustness than recurrence qualification analysis and extreme learning machine autoencoder, respectively, and that RADTD accurately detected the occurrence of tunneling settlement accidents, indicating its remarkable performance in accuracy and robustness.


Consumer researchers commonly assert that humanism differs from positivism (what is referred to here as naturalism) on a number of dimensions. However, it is shown here that once terminological differences and methodological similarities are recognized, the remaining differences between humanism and naturalism within consumer research are few. While arguments persist at the philosophical extremes, it appears that practicing researchers have achieved considerable reconciliation.


Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) techniques are employed in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) to achieve high-power single-mode emission. Using the effective-index method and fiber mode approximation, the cold-cavity lateral modal behavior for the circular shaped ARROW VCSEL demonstrates significant reduction of radiation loss from that of a single antiguide, while maintaining strong discrimination against high-order modes. The circular-waveguide is created by selective chemical etching and two-step metal-organic chemical vapor deposition growth, with proton implantation used to confine the current injection to the low-index core region. A single-mode CW power of 7.1 mW has been achieved from an 8 /spl mu/m diameter ARROW device (index step /spl Delta/n = 0.05, emission at /spl lambda//sub 0/ = 980 nm) with a far-field FWHM of 10/spl deg/. Larger aperture (12 /spl mu/m) devices exhibit multimode operation at lower drive currents with a maximum single-mode continuous-wave output power of 4.3 mW.


Introduction Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a minimally invasive method of treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus (HCP). Aim To investigate perioperative and intraoperative difficulties, failures and complications of ETV. Material and methods Seventy-three procedures of ETV were conducted in our department in the last 5 years on 69 patients with HCP of different etiology. In 4 patients we performed ETV twice. In 4 cases we used neuronavigation. In 6 cases ETV was performed in conjunction with endoscopic biopsy of the tumor. In 6 cases we had to repeat the procedure (4) or implant a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (2) due to recurrence of symptoms. Results In our series we had 3 important complications: one thalamic injury and 2 intraventricular hemorrhages. In 4 cases we observed postoperative hyperthermia with the presence of meningeal symptoms. Two cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks were secured with additional stitches and 2 CSF infections were treated with antibiotics. In 1 patient epileptic seizers were observed. Three others complained of nausea and vomiting. The initial success rate of ETV is 70%. Conclusions Based on our material we conclude that ETV is a useful and helpful procedure in non-communicating HCP. It carries 4% perioperative risk of serious complications which can be reduced by proper selection of patients, detailed plan and skilful performance of surgery in experienced hands and meticulous postoperative care.


Orientations of supersingular elliptic curves encode the information of an endomorphism of the curve. Computing the full endomorphism ring is a known hard problem, so one might consider how hard it is to find one such orientation. We prove that access to an oracle which tells if an elliptic curve is $\mathfrak{O}$-orientable for a fixed imaginary quadratic order $\mathfrak{O}$ provides non-trivial information towards computing an endomorphism corresponding to the $\mathfrak{O}$-orientation. We provide explicit algorithms and in-depth complexity analysis. We also consider the question in terms of quaternion algebras. We provide algorithms which compute an embedding of a fixed imaginary quadratic order into a maximal order of the quaternion algebra ramified at $p$ and $\infty$. We provide code implementations in Sagemath which is efficient for finding embeddings of imaginary quadratic orders of discriminants up to $O(p)$, even for cryptographically sized $p$.


Background Aortic sclerosis is found in approximately 25% of elderly people in the United States. Aortic stenosis develops in only 2% to 3% of people older than 75 years. Calcific aortic stenosis is thought to result from aging and "wear and tear" of the aortic valve. However, aortic sclerosis may represent an early stage in the progression to aortic stenosis, in the presence of risk factors. We sought to study the risk factor profile of patients with aortic stenosis and compare them with the risk factors in patients with aortic sclerosis. Method 31 consecutive patients with echocardiographic findings of aortic sclerosis were screened for atherosclerotic risk factors, namely hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, lipid profiles, family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and for clinical presence of atherosclerosis, stroke and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). 31 consecutive patients with clinical and echocardiographic findings of aortic stenosis were evaluated for comparison. Result The average age of patients with aortic stenosis and aortic sclerosis were 78 and 77.6 years respectively. 14 were males in each group. HTN, DM, smoking were present in 25, 9, 8 and 22, 10, 2 patients in aortic stenosis and aortic sclerosis group respectively. PAD, stroke and CAD were present in 3, 6, 15 and 2, 4, 13 patients in the respective groups. Lipid profile is shown below. (table) Conclusion In this small study, patients with aortic stenosis had higher LDL levels, which was statistically significant compared with patients of similar age with aortic sclerosis. Though more patients with aortic stenosis were smokers, it was not statistically significant. Lowering LDL levels may play a role in reducing the progression of aortic sclerosis to aortic stenosis.


TTHERE ARE FEW problems more perplexing than the differential diagnosis of the jaundiced patient. Oral and intravenous cholangiography are not applicable in the presence of jaundice, and if jaundice has been present for any prolonged period, the usual chemical tests are of limited value in differentiating extrahepatic obstructive from hepatocellular jaundice. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, however, will reveal the pathologic anatomy of the biliary tree in the presence of jaundice. In some cases it can distinguish obstructive from hepatocellular jaundice, and obviate laparotomy on a patient with hepatitis. In those patients with extrahepatic obstruction, the precise pathologic anatomy of the biliary tree is demonstrated preoperatively, and thus may save valuable operative time. The indications for percutaneous cholangiography are:: I. (A) To investigate jaundice of obscure etiology; this may differentiate hepatocellular from extrahepatic obstructive jaundice and/or; (B) Locate the level of extrahepatic obstruction, and distinguish carcinoma of the head of the pancreas


The uniform strain hexahedral element mesh has long been a work horse for getting accurate and convergent answers in high deformation solid mechanics analyses. Obtaining an all-hexahedral mesh can be a difficult and time consuming process thus limiting the element's use in design phase computations. Unconstrained paving and plastering offers a technique to get an all-hexahedral mesh automatically but still can leave un-meshable voids [1]. While degenerated forms of the uniform strain hexahedral element such as the wedge have been used sparingly, they have garnered limited general acceptance. We present a more exhaustive numerical exploration of the degenerated hexes with the hope of encouraging their use to resolve the un-meshable voids. The results of patch tests are used to numerically demonstrate linear completeness of the degenerate elements. A manufactured solution analysis is then used to show optimal convergence rates for meshes containing degenerate elements. Additionally, applications to a torsion rod and high velocity impact are used to highlight the accuracy and applicability of degenerates for solving more complex problems.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Aim: To evaluate the use of posterior instrumentation with transpedicular screw and connecting rods in management of post-traumatic unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures. Methods: 20 patients with post-traumatic instability of thoracolumbar spine were included in our study. The spinal stability was assessed by the thoracolumbar injury severity scoring. All patients underwent an open reduction internal fixation by the posterior approach. The localisation of pedicles was done using intraoperative imaging. The assessment of neurological status of the patients was done using the ASIA grading scale and other complications were assessed and noted up to 6 months. Results: 20 patients with unstable thoracolumbar injuries were managed with pedicle screws and rods. Males were affected more than Females. The most common type was AO Type A and L1 was the level most affected. None of the patients deteriorated after surgery. 15 patients with incomplete cord injury showed at least one frankel grade improvement. 4 patients with complete cord injury showed no improvement.


Ageing process is a process of gradual disappearance of the networks ability to self-repair or replace and maintain normal function so it can not withstand the infection and repair the damage suffered. The process of aging can lead to many changes in one of them such as the decline in cognitive abilities like to forget, setbacks orientation to time, place, space, and not easily accept new things or ideas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of cognitive function with a degree of independence Activity Daily Living (ADL) in the elderly in UPT Werdha Mojopahit Mojokerto. Analytical research design correlation with cross sectional approach. The entire elderly population in UPT Werdha 'Mojopahit' Mojokerto as many as 45 people to obtain a sample of 30 people were taken by purposive sampling. Data taken with observation and interviews, using instruments Status MMSE and Barthel Index. After the data collected is done followed by data processing and statistical test of Rank Spearman with SPSS version 16.0. The results showed r (0,000) < a (0,05), so that means there is H 0 rejected Relations Cognitive Function with the Independence of Activity Daily Living (ADL) in the elderly in UPT Werdha 'Mojopahit' Mojokerto, with r=0.855, which means the correlation high, strong. However, the elderly are advised to have a mental and physical activity to maintain cognitive function and ADL their level of independence in order to stay under normal circumstances and not depend on others. Keywords: Cognitive Function , Activity Daily Living (ADL) , Elderly


health was confounded by birth weight group (VLBW/SGA/ control) and socioeconomic status (SES), but not by sex, maternal age or age at testing. After adjusting for birth weight group and SES, the association between low IQ and psychiatric diagnosis was still significant, (OR 4.7;CI: 1.9–11.6). In particular there were increased risks for ADHD and anxiety disorders, whereas the risk for affective disorders was not increased. Conclusions/Significance: We found a significantly increased risk for psychiatric diagnoses among 19-year young adults with IQ below 85, and this risk was independent of birth weight group. We speculate that the observed higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses described in adults who were born prematurely or SGA at term may to a large extent be explained by a global brain injury, and to a lesser degree by specific brain injuries. Although these findings were obtained in a population not representative of the general population, they may point to the need for more attention being paid to an increased risk for mental disorders in individuals with moderately low IQ in general.


Summary Cross-sectional studies in Australia and the Philippines and a longitudinal prospective study in a selected Australian sample of breast-feeding mothers have shown that basal serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations are elevated during 15–21 months of lactational amenorrhoea. A predictive model of serum PRL levels and return of cyclic ovarian activity during full breast-feeding, partial breast-feeding and weaning has been developed from the results of breast-feeding behaviour and serum PRL, gonadotrophin and oestradiol measurements in 34 mothers breast-feeding on demand for a mean of 67 weeks. Breast-feeding patterns influence serum PRL levels. Important factors during full breast-feeding are the age of the baby, the longest interval between feeds at night and total 24-hr suckling time, and following the introduction of supplements, the mean interval between feeds, together with the total 24-hr suckling time and the number of solid supplements per day. The precise mechanisms whereby breast-feeding regulates cyclic ovarian activity remain unknown. Gonadotrophin secretion appears to be quantitatively normal, but qualitative changes, secondary to altered hypothalamic activity, may be the most important factor. A direct inhibitory effect of PRL on ovarian follicular development and steroidogenesis remains possible. Ovulation with a normal luteal phase is probable for 30% of breast-feeding mothers before the first menses, but is unlikely before 6 months, provided breast-feeding is frequent day and night. Measurement of serum PRL is a sensitive index of the return of menstruation and fertility during lactation in the population studied.


Background: The recent outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Disease (COVID-19) has put the world on alert and impacting societies around the world in an unprecedented manner. The main aims of this study was to investigate the association among the socio-demographic factors with traveling history of COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia during stay at home state of emergency. Methods: A total of 162 respondents with COVID-19 during March 13, 2020 to May 6, 2020 in Ethiopia were used. Two sided chi-square test was used to test the association between the socio demographic factors among COVID-19 Patients. A log-complement logistic regression model was used to compute the health ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to measure the effect of those factors. Results: The data was analyzed using 162 patients of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2. An association was found between traveling history of COVID-19 infected patients and Gender (male vs female) [B =5.410, p<0.020] and Age group [a=13.082, p<0.004]. Log-complement logistic regression model showed that Gender and Age were significant factors associated to traveling history of COVID-19 Patients. Health ratio showed that increasing risk of traveling history for COVID-19 patients associated with higher number of males [ HR=0.5895, 95%CI: 0.4007-0.8672, P<0.0073] and Age group 18-39 years [HR=0.4139, 95%CI: 0.2385-0.7184, P<0.0017] on patients of COVID-19. Akaike information criteria with minimum value [AIC=1.2158] indicated that Log complement logistic regression model was fitted the data well for the similar dataset of patients' with novel corona virus. Conclusions: Male Gender and Age group 18-39 years are significant socio-demographic factors associated to traveling history of patients with corona virus disease. Further socio-demographic investigations are required to better understand the extent of association with Gender and Age for effective intervention and fight this pandemic to preserve lives.


two days of the disease numerous bacilli are found in the blood. Of the 30 patients that were treated with Lustig's serum, and were selected by the physicians of the Arthur Road Hospital, Bombay, and by those of the plague hospital of Poona only 4 died. Although the number of cases treated has not been great, still considering that the ordinary mortality of plague is 8o per cent., these results of Professor Lustig must be considered very promising.


Acquiring dense and precise depth information in real time is highly demanded for robotic perception and automatic driving. Motivated by the complementary nature of stereo images and LiDAR point clouds, we propose an efficient stereo-LiDAR fusion network (SLFNet) to predict a dense depth map of a scene. Specifically, the LiDAR point cloud is first projected onto each image plane of the stereo images to generate sparse RGB-D maps. Then, multi-modal feature fusion is performed between RGB image and sparse RGB-D map of the same viewpoint, and the resultant features are utilized to generate a coarse disparity map for stereo fusion. Next, complementary geometric information in stereo images and sparse RGB-D maps are incorporated to perform occlusion-aware refinement. Finally, an edge-aware refinement module is conducted to encourage the depth discontinuities to be consistent with edges in the image. Experimental results demonstrate that our network can effectively fuse the stereo images and point clouds to produce accurate depth estimations at 6 FPS, which is $8\times$ faster than existing methods. Comparative results show that our network achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the KITTI and Virtual KITTI2 datasets.


— Several nonlinear models have been developed to simulate the behavior of single isolation bearings. However, these models neglect certain aspects of bearing response behavior. For instance, rubber bearings have been observed to decrease in both elastic and post-elastic stiffness with increasing axial load, and soften in the vertical direction at large deformations. In this paper a macro-element model for lead rubber bearings is developed. The proposed model includes axial load effects and accounts for large deformations. The nonlinearity in the model is modeled via the Bouc-Wen model of hysteresis. Response obtained using the numerical model is shown to be in good agreement with observed behavior in test results on single lead-rubber bearings. A stability analysis on a Lead-Rubber Bearing is then conducted to investigate the accuracy of the proposed macro-element on capturing the effect of axial loads.


The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, Ar, n and o are as defined herein and to their pharmaceutically acceptable active salts. Compounds of formula I have a good affinity to the trace amine associated receptors (TAARs), especially for TAAR1 and are useful for the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stress-related disorders, psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, migraine, hypertension, substance abuse and metabolic disorders such as eating disorders, diabetes, diabetic complications, obesity, dyslipidemia, disorders of energy consumption and assimilation, disorders and malfunction of body temperature homeostasis, disorders of sleep and circadian rhythm, and cardiovascular disorders.


The impact of readers as target audiences of publishing houses in Ukraine on PR communication is not clearly understood. The goal of this research is to examine the role of readers in the communication process between publishing houses and customers. The readers become an important source of information about the events of the book publishing market and book novelties. The article shows the results of the poll of visitors of the largest book festivals in Ukraine – Book Arsenal Festival in Kyiv and Book Forum in Lviv for 2017–2019. These respondents (200 interviews per event) are not only the main consumers of book products publishing houses, but also they are the source of information about new books and activities of Ukrainian publishing houses themselves. According to the results of the poll, visitors of book fairs pay attention to the advice of their colleagues and friends, which are an important source of information about the events of the book publishing market and book novelties. Almost 50% of respondents create and distribute user-generated content about the events of the book publishing market. This activity is explained by the lack of information about the book market news of more than half of visitors. The results of the research confirm that readers are important publishing communications subjects, consumers are active advocates of the publisher's brand, friends and colleagues actively create the content about the events of the book publishing market in Ukraine.