Climate change is a global problem and therefore demands a united solution. With the UK taking a lead role in the combat on carbon emissions it has set itself ambitious domestic targets. One of these targets is the implementation of sustainable development in the housing sector. This paper aims to identify the key factors that drive housing developers to build sustainably, the current difficulties impeding the uptake of energy efficient forms of development and what factors would allow a change in the way the construction industry is currently practiced. The study at the outset concentrated on the collection of data on the issue of climate change, residential carbon dioxide emissions, the history of the UK's sustainable development strategy and the current frameworks setting sustainable construction standards. Also analysed are a collection of possible sustainable building techniques of which the government may need to reflect upon in an attempt to successfully achieve the required targets. Primary research included the completion of a survey in an attempt to investigate both developers and the local planning authorities experience and views towards sustainable forms of construction. The conclusion gives a presentation of the findings from the surveys which illustrate in the main that developers are motivated towards progress in the building of energy efficient homes. The three main barriers that are currently affecting successful implementation are mainly related to cost, lack of knowledge and unreliable technologies. In summary the general recommendations on how the UK government could best overcome these barriers are drawn attention to as are where to locate further materials on how to raise understanding.


Latterly, the development of data mining techniques has emerged in many applications' fields with aim at analyzing large volumes of data which may be simple and / or complex. The logistics of transport, the railway setor in particular, is a sector with such a characteristic in that the data available in are of varied natures (classic variables such as top speed or type of train, symbolic variables such as the set of routes traveled by train, degree of tack, etc.). As part of this dissertation, one addresses the problem of classification and prediction of heterogeneous data; it is proposed to study through two main approaches. First, an automatic classification approach was implemented based on classification tree technique, which also allows new data to be efficiently integrated into partitions initialized beforehand. The second contribution of this work concerns the analysis of sequence data. It has been proposed to combine the above classification method with Markov models for obtaining a time series (temporal sequences) partition in homogeneous and significant groups based on probabilities. The resulting model offers good interpretation of classes built and allows us to estimate the evolution of the sequences of a particular vehicle. Both approaches were then applied onto real data from the a Brazilian railway information system company in the spirit of supporting the strategic management of planning and coherent prediction. This work is to initially provide a thinner type of planning to solve the problems associated with the existing classification in homogeneous circulations groups. Second, it sought to define a typology of train paths (sucession traffic of the same train) in order to provide or predict the next movement of statistical characteristics of a train carrying the same route. The general methodology provides a supportive environment for decision-making to monitor and control the planning organization. Thereby, a formula with two variants was proposed to calculate the adhesion degree between the track effectively carried out or being carried out with the planned one.


ABSTRACT. Marques B.C. & Borges F.A.[Frequency of Giardia sp. in the feces of dogs in Campo Grande, MS.] Frequencia de Giardia sp. em fezes de caes, no municipio de Campo Grande, MS. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 36(1):21-23, 2014. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, Vila Ipiranga, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brasil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com One hundred and fifty fecal samples were analyzed in order to determine the frequency of Giardia. in dogs in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul and to evaluate the influence of age, origin and consistency of stools. The frequency of Giardia. found in the feces of dogs was 27.33%. The age did not influence parasitism (P> 0.05), with 30.43% of adults infected and 24.69% of young. Dogs from kennels were the most infected (P <0.05), with 45% positivity, followed by dogs at the Center for Zoonosis Control (24%) and dogs from homes (14.28%). Among the dogs with loose stools, 36.76% were carriers of Giardia, 32.53% of those with diarrhea were positive and dogs with formed feces showed 10.42% positivity. This was the first evaluation of the frequency of Giardia. in dogs in central-west Brazil and the value obtained can be considered high, highlighting the need for measures of parasite control and prevention and treatment of infected animals.


This book is aimed at a young audience. However, the information is of interest and benefit for all. There is a brief historical background. In addition, the author describes some aspects of an eye examination and the prescription, selection, and fitting of eyeglasses. A lesson in the anatomy of the eye is also included. The manufacturing of optical quality lenses is described. At the close of the text, the author discusses safety precautions and some basic first aid techniques with respect to the eye. The text contains certain statements and concepts with which some of us would not agree or that we would like to qualify. The concept of the use of plano bifocal for a child who is myopic and the comment that misalignment of the eye is due to incoordination of the extraocular muscles are two examples. The author speaks of strabismus briefly but might have discussed amblyopia


To know how better economic conditions impact health-related choices is critical when formulating public policies that aim at improving the population's health, both in terms of outcomes and habits. Through the use of two national surveys, we investigate the effect of one additional year of schooling on the amount of time of physical activity done per week, and on the servings consumed of fruits and vegetables per day, in urban Colombia. Furthermore, intending to find causal links, we exploited as a source of exogenous variation a change in regulation concerning basic education implemented in the 1970s, in a 2SLS framework. Our results suggest that higher levels of education have a positive impact on food consumption habits, and on the undertaking of physical activity, especially when it is done for leisure. Conversely, transport-motivated physical activity is unaffected by higher educational attainment, which points to the presence of protective factors in low SES individuals. For the consumption part, we find that access is a necessary condition for individuals to make healthy diet choices.


The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic basis of energy balance (EB) and the potential use of genomic selection to enable EB to be incorporated into selection programs. Energy balance provides an essential link between production and nonproduction traits because both depend on a common source of energy. A small number (527) of Dutch Holstein-Friesian heifers with phenotypes for EB were genotyped. Direct genomic values were predicted for these heifers using a model that included the genotypic information. A polygenic model was also applied to predict estimated breeding values using only pedigree information. A 10-fold cross-validation approach was employed to assess the accuracies of the 2 sets of predicted breeding values by correlating them with phenotypes. Because of the small number of phenotypes, accuracies were relatively low (0.29 for the direct genomic values and 0.21 for the estimated breeding values), where the maximum possible accuracy was the square root of heritability (0.57). Despite this, the genomic model produced breeding values with reliability double that of the breeding values produced by the polygenic model. To increase the accuracy of the genomic breeding values and make it possible to select for EB, measurement and recording of EB would need to improve. The study suggests that it may be possible to select for minimally recorded traits; for instance, those measured on experimental farms, using genomic selection. Overall, the study demonstrated that genomic selection could be used to select for EB, confirming its genetic background.


We describe an approach to evaluating algorithmic and human performance in directing UAV-based surveillance. Its key elements are a decision-theoretic framework for measuring the utility of a surveillance schedule and an evaluation testbed consisting of 243 scenarios covering a well- defined space of possible missions. We apply this approach to two example UAV-based surveillance methods, a TSP-based algorithm and a human-directed approach, then compare them to identify general strengths and weaknesses of each method.


Ecological interactions range from purely specialized to extremely generalized in nature. Recent research has showed very high levels of specialization in the cyanolichens involving Peltigera (mycobionts) and their Nostoc photosynthetic partners (cyanobionts). Yet, little is known about the mechanisms contributing to the establishment and maintenance of such high specialization levels. Here, we characterized interactions between Peltigera and Nostoc partners at a global scale, using more than one thousand thalli. We used tools from network theory, community phylogenetics and biogeographical history reconstruction to evaluate how these symbiotic interactions may have evolved. After splitting the interaction matrix into modules of preferentially interacting partners, we evaluated how module membership might have evolved along the mycobionts' phylogeny. We also teased apart the contributions of geographical overlap vs phylogeny in driving interaction establishment between Peltigera and Nostoc taxa. Module affiliation rarely evolves through the splitting of large ancestral modules. Instead, new modules appear to emerge independently, which is often associated with a fungal speciation event. We also found strong phylogenetic signal in these interactions, which suggests that partner switching is constrained by conserved traits. Therefore, it seems that a high rate of fungal diversification following a switch to a new cyanobiont can lead to the formation of large modules, with cyanobionts associating with multiple closely retated Peltigera species. Finally, when restricting our analyses to Peltigera sister species, the latter differed more through partner acquisition/loss than replacement (i.e., switching). This pattern vanishes as we look at sister species that have diverged longer ago. This suggests that fungal speciation may be accompanied by a stepwise process of (a) novel partner acquisition and (b) loss of the ancestral partner. This could explain the maintenance of high specialization levels in this symbiotic system where the transmission of the cyanobiont to the next generation is assumed to be predominantly horizontal. Synthesis. Overall, our study suggests that oscillation between generalization and ancestral partner loss may maintain high specialization within the lichen genus Peltigera, and that partner selection is not only driven by partners' geographical overlap, but also by their phylogenetically conserved traits.


Background: Infertility affects 15% couples of reproductive age in those 35% with male factor. Semen analysis is cornerstone to evaluate male factor infertility. Sperm chromatine dispersion test is light weight and fast test Normal sperm creates sperm halo. If sperm DNA fragments exceeds 30% sperm quality is significantly reduced.
Aim: To study the Role of DNA fragmentation in male partner of infertile couple.
Results: The mean age of cases was 31.71 years and that of control was 32.63 years with majority of cases (43.3%) were in age group 31-35 years and controls were (56.7%) in age group 25-30 years. The age difference was statistically non-significant as p-value is greater than 0.05. The mean BMI in cases was 22.9 kg/m2 and that of control was 24.5 kg/m2 with majority of cases (73.33%) and controls (53.3%) had BMI between 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. The difference was statistically non-significant. Here in cases 56.7% were tobacco chewer followed by 30% were smoker, 26.7% were alcoholic, 6.7% had other habits and 1% had no personal history. In control 33.33% were tobacco chewer followed by 23.3% were smoker, 6.7% were alcoholic and 36.7% had no personal history. In cases 83.3% had DFI greater than equal to 30 and 16.7% had DFI less than 30. In control 20% had DFI greater than equal to 30 and 80% had DFI less than 30. The mean DFI in cases was 37.26 and that of control was 23.64. The difference was statistically significant
Conclusion: Sperm DNA integrity measurement is more reproducible and more objective than conventional parameters. Our study indicates that the levels of sperm DNA fragmentation in men with subnormal semen parameters were significantly higher compared to the levels in men with normal semen parameters. SDI may reveal a hidden abnormality of sperm nuclear DNA in infertile men classified as idiopathic based on apparently normal standard sperm parameters. This test has an important diagnostic and prognostic value in the evaluation of male infertility, particularly in relation to assisted reproductive technologies.
Keywords: DNA fragmentation, DFI


According to the characteristics and requirements of the regenerated coal production process, taking into account the rough crusher facing complex working conditions, we designed the intelligent control systems of automatic detection and image-based comparison. Focused on the key technology of image comparison, we designed image pre-processing algorithm and comparison algorithm, to overcome the high rate of wrong judgments when images were compared. It had been proved that performance about the control system of regenerated coal rough crusher was superior on protecting the machine and improving the production efficiency.


Although pregnancy induces a state of hypercoagulability, the thromoboembolic risks during a normal pregnancy are minor. This is not the case when the pregnant women has a native valvulopathy in atrial fibrillation, a mechanical prosthesis or a coagulation anomaly. The respective indications for heparin and oral anticoagulants reflect their respective advantages and disadvantages for the mother and child.

Historically, recommendations for anticoagulants during pregnancy have evolved with each new publication of results concerning their use.

Very early, coumarin induced embryopathies,1 especially during the first trimester, led to restricted use of oral anticoagulants in favour of heparin. However, it rapidly became apparent that heparin also had disadvantages, especially in women with prostheses. Heparin in these patients facilitated the evolution of the pregnancy by limiting fetal accidents but increased maternal haemorrhagic and thromboembolic risks.

The ease of use and safety provided by low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) led to their widespread use, other than in pregnancy, to treat and prevent arterial and venous thromboembolic events. At present, their use during pregnancy is hampered by the lack of large randomised prospective studies, which are difficult to conduct in light of the ethical constraints which understandably apply.

The risks associated with oral anticoagulants occur primarily …


Upper and lower bounds are derived on the capacity of the free-space optical intensity channel. This channel has a nonnegative input (representing the transmitted optical intensity), which is corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise. To preserve the battery and for safety reasons, the input is constrained in both its average and its peak power. For a fixed ratio of the allowed average power to the allowed peak power, the difference between the upper and the lower bound tends to zero as the average power tends to infinity and their ratio tends to one as the average power tends to zero. When only an average power constraint is imposed on the input, the difference between the bounds tends to zero as the allowed average power tends to infinity, and their ratio tends to a constant as the allowed average power tends to zero.


In plants, the diaspore (seed dispersal unit) may include a seed coat and/or a pericarp to protect the embryo and assist in dispersion. In many species, the seed coat and/or pericarp secretes a gelatinous mixture of cell wall polysaccharides known as mucilage. In several species, mucilage synthesis, secretion, and modification have been studied extensively as model systems for the investigation of plant cell wall structure and function. Despite this, efforts toward understanding the role of mucilage have received less attention. It has been hypothesized that mucilage impacts seed dispersal through interaction with soil, protecting the seed from the gut following ingestion by animals, or affecting the ability of seeds to sink or float in water. Mucilage has been found to influence seed germination and seedling establishment, most often during abiotic stress, probably by maintaining seed hydration when water is scarce. Finally, mucilage has been documented to mediate interactions with various organisms. Advances in transgenic technology should enable the genetic modification of mucilage structure and function in crop plants. Cells synthesizing mucilage may also be a suitable platform for creating custom polysaccharides or proteins with industrial applications. Thus, in the near future it is likely that research on seed mucilage will expand well beyond the current focus. Here we summarize our understanding of the biological functions of mucilage, and provide an outlook on the future of mucilage research.


For electric power transmission, high-voltage overhead power lines play an important role, as the costs for power transmission are comparatively low. However, the sag of the conductors (e.g., due to temperature variations, aging, or icing of conductors as a result of extreme weather conditions) may increase safety margins and limit the operability of these power lines. Furthermore, heavy loads due to icing or vibrations excited by wind streams increase the risk of line breakage. With online condition monitoring of power lines, critical states can be detected early, and appropriate countermeasures can be applied. In this paper, we investigate possibilities for monitoring devices that are directly mounted onto a conductor. The feasibility of powering the device from the electric field, protection of electronic circuitry from strong electric fields, and data transmission by means of a wireless link is demonstrated, as well as its operability during the presence of strong magnetic fields due to high currents and transient signals due to partial and spark discharge events.


Abstract The TOFLIT18 project documents French bilateral international trade flows from the 1710s to the 1820s. This article presents the TOFLIT18 dataset and its exploration tool (the "datascape"). We make four contributions: first, we discuss the institutional framework in which the sources were produced; second, we present our method to standardize the collected data and reduce the variety of commodity names, partners, and measurement units; third, we document how ad hoc classifications can be created to aggregate the dataset; fourth, we describe the use of our datascape in a case study of the loss of Canada by France. We show how the datascape's interactive data visualizations can help quantitative historians analyze key events in French and European eighteenth century.


In the area of underwater (acoustic) communication there are numerous mobile applications for different sites under different environmental conditions. From an operational point of view it is not possible to design a perfectly fitting communication system for every site and every mission. Instead, there is rather a need for an environmental system identification and adaptive methods which can be used on different platforms (ships, submarines, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) as possible nodes of an ad hoc network). This is the complete collection of slides representing an introductory course to this topic.


In the SDSU campus iPhone application (SCiPA), I utilized the immensely popular iPhone platform to implement an interactive map of San Diego State University's campus. I have designed this application to be used in a couple of modes. Users have the convenience of using the services of the popular Google Maps, if an active Internet connection is available. Otherwise, through a 'Static Map' feature, a user can access a detailed map of our campus. This map is proprietary to SDSU and provides much more detail than is available through Google maps. The application has been designed to provide an intuitive and clear user interface. Various campus landmarks can be searched by entering their name or by selecting from a list. Upon selection, detailed information for the selected landmark is made available to the users through a separate display. Among others, the information display provides an image of the landmark to facilitate visual identification and accessibility details. From this point onwards, the location of the landmark can be seen either through Google maps or the proprietary static map. Both maps are designed to pan to the landmark and delineate it with symbolic identification. A large university like SDSU has a multitude of people who are new and unfamiliar with the campus (freshman, new faculty, visitors etc.). I hope that the personalized, friendly and accurate facility provided by our application will be useful to them to find places in our campus.


A new technique for measuring the dielectric constant and loss tangent of materials in the millimeter-wave range is described. The measurement apparatus and the analysis is considerably simpler than that using conventional techniques. The new technique is based upon a simple geometrical optics approximation, in which a plane reflector is rotated so as to maximize the transmitted-reflected wave power through the material. Only one microwave horn is used in the measurement.


Abstract The α 2 δ auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) are important modulators of VGCC function. Gabapentin interacts with α 2 δ 1 and α 2 δ 2 subunits and is reported to reduce Ca2+ channel current amplitude (I Ca). This study aimed to determine the effects of gabapentin on VGCCs in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Whole cell patch clamp was used to record I Ca in isolated RGCs, and calcium imaging was used to measure Ca2+ transients from RGCs in situ. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of α 2 δ 1-containing VGCCs in isolated RGCs in the absence and presence of gabapentin pretreatment. Acute administration of gabapentin reduced I Ca and Ca2+ transients compared to control conditions. In isolated RGCs, pretreatment with gabapentin (4–18 h) reduced I Ca, and cell surface α 2 δ 1 staining was reduced compared to nonpretreated cells. Acute administration of gabapentin to isolated RGCs that had been pretreated further reduced I Ca. These results show that gabapentin has both short-term and long-term mechanisms to reduce I Ca in isolated RGCs. Some Ca2+ channel blockers have been shown to protect RGCs in retinal trauma suggesting that modulation of VGCCs by gabapentin may prevent the deleterious effects of elevated Ca2+ levels in RGCs in trauma and disease.


With the increasing demand for quality control in the traditional Chinese medicine industry, there is a need for the development of quality markers and a quick, non-destructive technique for the discrimination of related species. In our previous study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used for the simultaneous determination of five compounds, including three alkaloids (nitidine chloride, chelerythrine, and magnoflorine), one flavonoid (aurantiamarin), and one lignan (sesamin). In this study, the simultaneous quantification of the above-mentioned compounds could be used to discriminate the powders of roots from those of stems. To further test the reliability of the five compounds, seventy-two batches of wild and seventy-five batches of cultivated Zanthoxylum nitidum samples collected from Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian provinces in China were analyzed by UPLC and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In general, the quantitative results of UPLC were consistent with those of NIRS, and cultivated Z. nitidum has similar major bioactive compounds as the wild one, as supported by principal component analysis. Consequently, these five major bioactive compounds are suggested as potential quality markers. In addition, the NIRS method with discriminant analysis successfully differentiated Z. nitidum from three related species (Z. avicennae, Z. scandens and Toddalia asiatica) of the Rutaceae family. In summary, this study provides a method for the rapid identification of Z. nitidum and discrimination of root and stem powders, and suggests five compounds as quality markers for the evaluation of Z. nitidum.


This paper introduces novel reinforcement learning agent-based solutions to the problems of call admission control (CAC) and dynamic channel allocation (DCA) in multi-cellular telecommunications environments featuring multi-class traffic and intercell handoffs. Both agents providing the CAC and DCA functionality make use of an on-policy reinforcement learning technique known as SARSA and are designed to be implemented at the cellular level in a distributed manner. Furthermore, both are capable of on-line learning without any initial training period. Both of the reinforcement learning agents are examined via computer simulations and are shown to provide superior results in terms of call blocking probabilities and revenue raised under a variety of traffic conditions


The article outlines the international motifs and plots used in the Kazakh epics in China. Part of our compatriots living in more than forty countries reside the People's Republic of China. It has been discovered that our Chinese counterparts have retained their ethnic identity, language, religion, national culture, traditions, customs and folklore, even though they have experienced a lot of disasters. The heritage of Kazakhs in China has been studied before. But the Kazakh epics have been examined for the first time.


Mosquitoes are vectors for many pathogens and parasites that cause human diseases including dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, chikungunya, filariasis and malaria which cause high rates of human morbidity and mortality under extreme conditions. Plants are an excellent source for mosquito control agents because they constitute rich sources of bioactive chemicals. They are also biodegradable and environment-friendly. The present study reports on the larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Seseli gummiferum. subsp. ilgazense (Apiaceae) against Aedes aegypti larvae. Essential oil showed 100 and 70% mortality at 125 and 62.6 ppm, respectively, with no mortality at 31.25 ppm. Aerial parts of S. gummiferum subsp. ilgazense were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield 0.6% oil. The essential oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. The main constituents in the oil were sabinene (28.8%), germacrene D (9.5%) and α-pinene (7.2%).


The efficiency of feedstuff utilization by ruminal microorganisms and the cow's genetic ability to convert feed nutrients into milk and milk components are major factors that influence the profitability of a dairy herd. Monensin's ability to modify the movement of ions across biological membranes leads to alterations in bacterial populations and subsequent changes in the proportion of volatile fatty acids produced during ruminal fermentation. Manipulating ruminal microbial populations with ionophores has the potential to improve performance by reducing ketosis, acidosis, and bloat and increasing digestive efficiency. Monensin improves fiber digestion by preventing suboptimal ruminal pH, enhances amino acid use by reducing the degradation of dietary protein, and improves the energy status of periparturient animals. Monensin is not approved for use in diets for lactating dairy cows at this time, but its status is currently under review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. If approved, monensin will provide another management tool to the dairy industry.


To date, African American masculinity has been explored from several perspectives and across many disciplines. Much of the work on Black masculinity derives from scholarly fields and paradigmatic approaches that are seldom in conversation with one another. This review explores the applications and critiques of deficit, Afrocentric, gender/sex role, and identity paradigms commonly applied to discourses on African American manhood across various disciplines. Additionally, this paper concludes with a call for paradigmatic triangulation in Black gender scholarship towards creating a comprehensive notion of African American masculinity.


Objective: To build a model to predict cognitive status reflecting structural, functional, and white matter integrity changes in early multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Based on Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) performance, 183 early MS patients were assigned "lower" or "higher" performance groups. Three-dimensional (3D)-T2, T1, diffusion weighted, and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired in 3T. Using Random Forest, five models were trained to classify patients into two groups based on 1—demographic/clinical, 2—lesion volume/location, 3—local/global tissue volume, 4—local/global diffusion tensor imaging, and 5—whole-brain resting-state-functional-connectivity measures. In a final model, all important features from previous models were concatenated. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were calculated to evaluate classifier performance. Results: The highest AUC value (0.90) was achieved by concatenating all important features from neuroimaging models. The top 10 contributing variables included volumes of bilateral nucleus accumbens and right thalamus, mean diffusivity of left cingulum-angular bundle, and functional connectivity among hubs of seven large-scale networks. Conclusion: These results provide an indication of a non-random brain pattern mostly compromising areas involved in attentional processes specific to patients who perform worse in SDMT. High accuracy of the final model supports this pattern as a potential neuroimaging biomarker of subtle cognitive changes in early MS.


Background: Along with all other human activities, education at all levels has been severely curtailed by the Covid 19 pandemic. Most educational institutions responded to this challenge by shifting their teaching activities from the traditional 'in-person' teaching to the 'online' platform. Though 'online teaching' has been around for some time, it was a novelty at many educational settings. This novelty was eagerly embraced by most of the students, but with time, especially in recourse limited settings student opinion might have altered. This study from a newly established medical school in Sri Lanka, discuss the student perceptions comparing 'in-person' vs 'online' teaching.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at the Medical faculty of Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, between 01.08. 21 and 31.08.21. Medical students currently studying in second and third years, had experienced both 'in-person' and 'online teaching'. They were sent a questionnaire, in the form of a google form. Questionnaire compared 'in-person' vs 'online' teaching, with regard to different aspects of teaching and teacher- students interactions. Z score for comparing proportions was used to assess statistical significance, which was set at 95% confidant level.Results: Out of 145 google forms sent out, 133 were returned fully completed. Irrespective of the mode of delivery of lessons, there was no significant difference in student's student active participation or ability to understand contents. However, attendance at lessons, ability to focus during a lessons, and teacher's enthusiasm during the activity were perceived significantly higher during 'in-person' teaching compared to online teaching. A statistically significant number of students had a better overall impression about 'in-person' teaching than 'online' teaching. However, majority of students preferred online teaching to continue along with 'in-person' teaching as a highbred system.Conclusions: Majority of students wanted 'online' teaching to continue even after pandemic is over, though there are some shortcomings related to 'online' teaching. Educational institutions should constantly evaluate their online teaching program to identify the strengths and shortcomings. Regular student and teacher feedback will be useful in this regard. A highbred system of education, combining online and in-person teaching is recommended for the future.


The effect of the preparations of human leucocytic interferon (HLI) of various purity levels and of various concentrations was studied with respect to the natural killer activity of human leucocytes. It was shown that the process of purification and concentration of the preparation of HLI with the Kantel method entailed a disproportionally high loss of the activity stimulating the natural killer cells as compared to the antiviral activity.


Over the last few decades, there has been a growth in community-based rehabilitation (CBR) programmes in different parts of the world. These programmes are regarded as one way of strengthening the implementation of the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with disabilities. CBR programmes and Organisations of persons with disabilities (DPOs) have developed parallel to one another and are interlinked in different ways. CBR can play a role in the setting up and strengthening of DPOs. On the other hand, DPOs can also initiate and run CBR programmes. Both share similar objectives in terms of respect for human rights of persons with disabilities. This article looks at the historical evolution of connections between CBR and DPOs, analyses some of the areas where their activities are interlinked, and presents 2 case studies - one from Santarem metropolitan area in Brazil and the other from Bidar district in India - to demonstrate those links.


We prove the reciprocity law for the twisted second moments of Dirichlet $L$ -functions over rational function fields, corresponding to two irreducible polynomials. This formula is the analogue of the formulas for Dirichlet $L$ -functions over $\mathbb{Q}$ obtained by Conrey ['The mean-square of Dirichlet $L$ -functions', arXiv:0708.2699 [math.NT] (2007)] and Young ['The reciprocity law for the twisted second moment of Dirichlet $L$ -functions', Forum Math. 23(6) (2011), 1323–1337].


In June 2013, a major fish kill of adult goldfish Carassius auratus occurred in Runnemede Lake, New Jersey, USA: an estimated 3000 to 5000 fish died within ~5 d. Necropsy of 4 moribund fish revealed severely pale gills, and histopathology showed type I and II fusion of the gills, diffuse necrosis of hematopoietic tissue in anterior and posterior kidney, and multifocal necrosis of the spleen. Within necrotic areas, pyknosis and enlarged nuclei with marginalized chromatin were observed. Cyprinid herpesvirus-2, the etiological agent for herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease, was confirmed in all 4 fish using PCR. We assessed the efficacy of identifying herpesviral infections (viral morphogenesis and cellular ultrastructure) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) when applied to tissues fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) and tissue that was removed from paraffin blocks. Both sample types could be used to detect the virus within cells at similar concentrations. Tissues reprocessed from 10% NBF contained all the known stages of viral morphogenesis including empty capsids, capsids with an inner linear concentric density, capsids with an electron-dense core, and in the cytoplasm, mature capsids containing an envelope. Paraffin-embedded tissues showed similar stages, but viral capsids with an inner linear concentric density were rare and mature enveloped virions were not observed. In previously paraffin-embedded tissues, cellular membranes were not preserved, making identification of cell types and organelles difficult, whereas membrane preservation was good in tissues processed from 10% NBF. The results demonstrated that routinely fixed and paraffin-embedded samples can be successfully utilized to diagnose herpesviruses, and formalin-fixed tissue could be used to describe viral morphogenesis by TEM, making this a useful and reliable method for diagnostic virology when other samples are not available.


This study mainly studies the contributing factors on residents' travel mode choices after the emergence of bike-sharing. In contrast to existing studies, the authors divided the travellers into commuters, students, and other travellers by travel purposes, and analysed their travel mode choice by a mix logit model, respectively. It is found that the factors on residents' travel mode choices have many similarities and differences. Gender, private car ownership, travel cost, travel distance, and travel time are the common factors for all travellers; economy and comfort preference are the factors that affect commuters and students; commuters and other travellers are affected by age, income, and safety preference. However, occupation and an environmental preference are unique significant factors on commuters; students are affected by owning a bike; and a good understanding of bike-sharing is the only significant factor that affects other travellers. In addition, comfort preference has a significant negative influence on the choice of public transport and bike-sharing for students, while it has a significant positive impact on the choice of a private car for commuters.


In parallel with but completely independent from Harvey Cushing, Norway had its own giant in the establishment of the special field of neurological surgery. Vilhelm Magnus (1871-1929), born in the United States in Fillmore County, Minnesota, was Norway's pioneering neurosurgeon. Following graduation in Oslo, he started his clinical training in neurology and became an early member of the small group of neurologists of the time who were dissatisfied with the therapeutic nihilism generally accepted in relation to diseases of the nervous system. After working with Victor Horsley, whom he held in high esteem. Magnus devoted himself to surgically treatable lesions in the nervous system. During a quarter of a century he single-handedly established the special field of neurological surgery in Norway. Magnus was a far-seeing and brilliant surgeon with a broad intellectual mind, a startling diligence, and wide research activities. He published his first scientific paper in 1899 and his total contribution to the literature amounted to 70 papers. In 1901 he was able to demonstrate the importance of the corpus luteum in the first 3 weeks of pregnancy. As early as 1903 Magnus manifested his interest in the surgical treatment of brain tumors. In 1926 his surgical material comprised 216 patients, with an 8% operative mortality rate among 161 cases of supratentorial tumor versus 17% for 55 cases of infratentorial tumors, including 14 cases of acoustic tumor. Vilhelm Magnus, who visited Harvey Cushing in 1928, has hitherto not been given the attention he merits.


Background— Hypoxia plays an important role in many biological/pathological processes. In particular, hypoxia is associated with cardiac ischemia. which, although initially inducing a protective response, will ultimately lead to the death of cardiomyocytes and loss of tissue, severely affecting cardiac functionality. Although myocardial damage/loss remains an insurmountable problem for adult mammals, the same is not true for adult zebrafish, which are able to completely regenerate their heart after extensive injury. Myocardial regeneration in zebrafish involves the dedifferentiation and proliferation of cardiomyocytes to replace the damaged/missing tissue; at present, however, little is known about what factors regulate this process. Methods and Results— We surmised that ventricular amputation would lead to hypoxia induction in the myocardium of zebrafish and that this may play a role in regulating the regeneration of the missing cardiac tissue. Using a combination of O2 perturbation, conditional transgenics, in vitro cell culture, and microarray analysis, we found that hypoxia induces cardiomyocytes to dedifferentiate and proliferate during heart regeneration in zebrafish and have identified a number of genes that could play a role in this process. Conclusion— These results indicate that hypoxia plays a positive role during heart regeneration, which should be taken into account in future strategies aimed at inducing heart regeneration in humans.


This paper establishes a strong link between the profitability of the momentum strategy and market instability, as gauged by flight-to-quality episodes. Momentum gains are shown to be roughly ten times larger during flight episodes. Further, flights are significantly associated with larger momentum profits even after controlling for indicators of asset performance, volatility, illiquidity, market state, and monetary policy. This paper's results also show that illiquidity shocks appear to diversely affect different types of flights, as predicted in Vayanos (2004). Finally, monetary policy announcements, past and contemporaneous, are shown to decrease the incidence of


Despite better options of controlling diabetes mellitus and although the prognosis of diabetic retinopathy has markedly improved by laser treatment and vitreoretinal surgery, diabetic retinopathy is still the leading cause of blindness in working-age people in industrialized countries. Little has changed in the last decades concerning the prognosis of ocular complications in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we need better tools for prevention and treatment of diabetic ocular complications due to diabetic retinopathy that go beyond reduction in glycemia, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Newer therapeutic options are directed at the causative mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that pharmacological compounds like protein kinase C subtype Beta (PKC-Beta) inhibitors may be effective in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. One important pathomechanism in the development of diabetic retinopathy is the activation of PKC induced by high glucose due to an increased diacylglycerol level. The selective PKC-Beta inhibitor ruboxistaurin mesylate enables a new therapeutical approach for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Ongoing prospective clinical trials investigate if treatment with the specific PKC-Beta inhibitor ruboxistaurin mesylate can prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.


Our traditional vision of Leonardo da Vinci is based principally on his studies of mechanics, hydraulics, optics, geology, meteorology, and anatomy. However, a perusal of his manuscripts reveals his lifelong interest in chemistry and metallurgy, fields to which he contributed both as an innovator and as a reliable chronicler of the technological inventions of others. He conducted studies on various types of materials (including glass, paper, and le terre di fusione, the clay used in the lost wax process) and sought to develop more efficient alembics and metallurgical furnaces, as well as ingenious devices to study the elements and the dynamics of the transformation of matter. Leonardo's atelier therefore could be viewed as a veritable 'technical laboratory' in which he conducted experiments not only on the techniques and materials required for his art, but also to satisfy his thirst for knowledge by engaging in the heuristic study of natural and artificial phenomena.


This paper introduces ideas for a different representation of video material. Instead of traditional, pixel based video storage and compression, the investigation is directed towards an object based video representation which introduces less quality loss during the transmission path and may remarkably lower the data rate. Therefore, we compare both representations in terms of data rate and quality.


Received: 08 October 2021 Accepted: 14 November 2021 Published: 23 November 2021 DOI: 10.32996/bjns.2021.1.1.1 The theory of the five great factors of personality (Big Five theory) is currently considered to be the best at explaining the most individual variability in terms of personality factors between subjects. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and the recent social context, and to determine whether social support can act as a moderating factor in the process. While previous research has established that personality traits are significant predictors of well-being, the extent to which the big five personality traits influence social well-being remains unknown. This research paper employs a qualitative method based on a deductive research approach, as the author used deductive logic to predict the big five model personality traits in a recent social context. Five personality traits were found to be significantly related to the overall social context and social support functions as a determinant in the relationships between extraversion/agreeableness/conscientiousness/neuroticism/openness and social context. Numerous studies now concur, and there is a high degree of consensus in the literature regarding the Big Five theory as a useful theory for identifying and describing the major general factors of personality. KEYWORDS


Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session Dedicated to the Contributions of Charles J. Fillmore (1994)


Changes in the soil structural quality have caused alterations in root growth and agricultural yield. With the purpose of finding critical values of physical parameters and alternative, viable and suitable ways of minimize the soil degradation, this study aimed at quantifying aggregate tensile strength (TS), friability (F), bull density (Bd), total porosity (Tp), macroporosity (Ma), penetration resistance (PR) and total organic carbon (TOC). Relations were established to estimate the structural quality of some parameters of an Ultisol under different uses. The study was carried out on a farm, in the rural area of RS, inserted in the Arroio Moreira waterbasin, Brazil. Disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected from the 0.00 to 0.10 m layer. Regarding TS and soil use, 900 samples were selected, totaling 2700 aggregates. Undisturbed samples (135) were collected for the evaluation of Bd, porosity, and PR. The TOC was quantified using 45 aggregates through the dry combustion method. All physical parameters with exception of F are important in monitoring the structural quality. The lowest values of TS, PR, and Bd were verified in the soil under fallow, and the highest ones in the soil under pasture. An inverse relation between TS and TOC and between Bd and TOC was verified. Critical values of Bd and TS to crop development might be estimated from the PR.


A tube is described which utilizes the cyclotron motion of electrons to provide a resonant system which is tuned by variation of the magnetic flux density. The amplitude of the cyclotron motion depends upon the relationship of the applied signal frequency and the electron cyclotron frequency; at resonance, the amplitude is maximum. Resonance is detected by shooting the spiraling electrons through a honey-comb type mesh grid; the current intercepted by the grid is greatest at resonance and is proportional to the RF signal power. The tube is a complete TRF receiver (less video amplifier) within one vacuum envelope. The resonant frequency is a linear function of solenoid current; the tube can be tuned over a wide frequency range (at least 10:1) with a single control. The characteristics of the device have been investigated for resonant frequencies from 65 to 650 mc; the sensitivity and 3-db RF bandwidth can be varied within limits; typical signal sensitivity is -45 dbm (500-kc video bandwidth) with a 4-mc 3-db RF bandwidth. The measured characteristics and the theoretical predictions are in reasonable agreement.


The use of a hospital-based information center by physicians was investigated. A questionnaire was used to gather information from physicians using the services of the center. The study was conducted over a six-month period. Of the 126 questionnaires distributed, 115 (91.1%) were completed and returned. The number of physicians studied was 100. The five categories of drug information most frequently requested involved adverse reactions, dosage, therapeutic use, availability and toxicity. Physicians used information most frequently for purposes of direct patient care. Evaluations of the quality, accuracy and quantity of information provided by the center were high. Physicians using information for purposes of direct patient care felt the information was clinically significant. Although certain inadequacies were identified, it was concluded that the center serves as a reliable source of comprehensive and accurate drug information for physicians.


Measurement matrix plays an important part in sampling data and reconstructing signal in Compressive Sensing (CS). In this paper, the common measurement matrices and the relationship between measurement number of measurement matrix and signal sparsity are researched. The performance among the common measurement matrices is compared. In order to obtain a better reconstruction result, an improved method based on Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization of row vectors for matrix is proposed. The experiments show that the improved measurement matrix is better than the original measurement matrix when used to reconstruct signal.


Summary
The role of various growth-regulating substances in tuberization in Solarium andigena was studied (1) by application of exogenous growth regulators, and (2) by studying variation in the levels of endogenous hormones under tuber-inducing and non-inducing conditions. In short-day induced cuttings tuberization was inhibited by gibberellic acid; indole acetic acid and kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine) caused slight stimulation of tuber growth at low concentrations, but inhibited it at higher concentrations. Application of (2-chloroethyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CCC) promoted tuberization in plants growing under non-inducing long-day conditions and in buds produced on isolated plugs of tuber tissue. The tuber-inducing effects of CCC were not reversed by simultaneous application of GA3. Levels of endogenous gibberellins decreased markedly under short-day conditions, but there was no difference in the levels of endogenous abscisic acid under long and short days. The reduced levels of gibberellins were maintained for at least 2 weeks when induced plants were transferred from short-day to long-day conditions. Application of CCC under conditions which promoted tuberization caused a reduction in gibberellin levels. The role of growth hormones in the regulation of tuberization is discussed.


This article examines the production and publication of the Parekh Report (2000) by drawing upon two related current debates – the decline of the public intellectual and the necessity for a public sociology. It argues that both of these debates have failed to engage with concrete examples of public intellectual labour, with the complexities of public communication sociologically and have been reticent as to which particular intellectual voices are able to enter the public sphere. The article argues that the intellectually orientated, multiculturally constituted Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain Commission which authored the report and the report's moment of publication both offer sites in which these critiques can be developed. The article foregrounds the question as to who is entitled to inaugurate, participate in and shape public debates on race, nation, and national identity and evidences the difficulties of attempting to do so in a 'race volatile', anti-intellectual and heavily mediated political milieu.


Background: Osteoporosis is a serious public health concern in the United States that is expected to increase over the next several years, especially in women. The US Surgeon General's Report on Bone Health states that individuals can decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis with proper combinations of nutrition and physical activity. Diet and exercise are two important factors that have been shown to prevent or delay the onset of type II diabetes, another national top health concern. Intensive lifestyle interventions, such as The Diabetes Prevention Program have shown that type II diabetes can be delayed or prevented by losing moderate amounts of weight through dietary changes and increased physical activity. It is not clear if a lifestyle intervention can impact bone health. Purpose: This pilot study examined the effects of lifestyle intervention (dietary and physical activity behavior modification) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC). The intervention was a 14-week community-based pilot study, based on The Diabetes Prevention Program, designed to reduce risk for type II diabetes in high-risk Mexican American women. The research questions were: Did the lifestyle intervention affect the outcome measures (BMC and BMD)? Were there differences in BMC and BMD between age groups (low-age ≤45 yrs. vs. high-age >45 yrs.)? Were there differences in BMC and BMD between body weight groups (≤78 kg vs. >78.1 kg)? Methods: The study used a one-group preand posttest design. Twenty-five non-diabetic Mexican-American females (average age = 45, SD = 10.9; BMI 25-40) participated in a 14-week lifestyle intervention pilot study. Changes in BMD (g/cm2) and BMC (g) were measured at baseline and 14 weeks after baseline using whole body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: results of paired t-test showed a significant increase in whole body BMC (p< .0001) and a marginally significant increase in whole body BMD (p< .06). Results of Analysis of Covariance revealed no significant difference in BMC between age groups and a marginally significant increase of BMD (p< .07) in younger participants compared to older participants, after controlling pretest measure. There was a significant increase in BMC (p< .01) and a marginally significant increase in BMD (p< .08) in the highbody weight group compared to the low weight group after controlling for pretest measure. Conclusions: A lifestyle intervention that utilized a combination of physical activity and dietary modification showed great promise toward preventing the onset of osteoporosis, especially in heavier Mexican-American women.


A modified caudal-to-cranial approach to perform laparoscopic left colectomy for benign diseases has been recently designed to facilitate the low-tie mesenteric dissection. A chart review has been performed including all consecutive patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis who have been treated by segmental left colectomy with a caudal-to-cranial approach. A total of 34 patients were included in the study. 21 patients were male, mean age was 54.1 ± 11.3, and mean BMI was 26 ± 5.5. Patients with ASA Score I were 7, with ASA II were 9, and with ASA Score III were 5. Incontinence Score (IS) resulted in an average of 5 ± 2, 2 grade of incontinence and the CS score showed an average of 10 ± 3, 2 grade of constipation. Health status, evaluated by Short Form-36 questionnaire, was demonstrated in these patients' great physical function, role, general health, and social function. The anorectal manometry performed 6 months after surgery showed a normal value in terms of the anal resting pressure (47 ± 13 mmHg) and an increased volume to stimulate desire to defecate (197 ± 25 ml). The length of the anal sphincter was normal compared to the reference value (37 ± 5.4 mm). Although further studies are required to obtain definitive conclusions, our results are encouraging to propose low-tie segmental colectomy as the standard procedure for the treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis, and our modified surgical approach could be considered useful to facilitate the surgical approach.


The relationship between morningness/eveningness, sleep, and psychological problems is well documented in adults as well as in adolescents. However, research on the circadian orientation and its concomitants in younger children is scarce. The authors investigated the distribution of morningness/eveningness and its connection to sleeping and psychological problems in 91 children and 151 adolescents in Austria. The authors found that morning (M) types had less sleep-related and psychological problems than intermediate (I) and evening (E) types, respectively. Among children, M-types suffered less from daytime sleepiness (females: χ2(2) = 8.1, p = .017; males: χ2(2) = 14.8, p = .001). Among adolescents, M-types showed fewer sleep-wake problems (females: χ2(2) = 17.5, p < .001; males: χ2(2) = 19.8, p < .001), and female M-types showed less externalizing (χ2(2) = 8.7, p = .013) as well as internalizing problem behavior (χ2(2) = 9.0, p = .011). In conclusion, these findings indicate that morningness may act as a protective factor against the development of sleep-related problems in childhood and sleep-related and psychological problems in adolescence, especially in females. (Author correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com)


When exposed to either u.v. radiation or 60Co gamma-rays, the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB-8, which can grow at 49-85 degrees C, lost its ability to take up extracellular K+ in a dose-dependent manner. However, the loss was reduced by incubation at 37 degrees C after exposure to u.v. radiation or gamma-rays. Cell survival after exposure to 60Co gamma-rays, as measured by colony formation, was increased by incubation at 37 degrees C after exposure, whereas cell survival after u.v. radiation was not. These results, therefore, indicate that the loss of ability of cells to take up K+ after u.v. radiation was not due to cell death but some damage to the membrane itself, and that the membrane damage can be repaired. Lipid peroxidation is not responsible for the membrane damage, because HB-8 cells do not contain unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes.


Transient electromagnetic (TEM) data can be seriously distorted by induced polarization (IP) phenomena when a polarizable body is present. The TEM field generated by a grounded-wire source contains transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The IP effect is most commonly studied with the TEM total field, rather than considering the difference between TE and TM fields. To investigate the effect of IP phenomena on the TE and TM fields, we have performed a detailed analysis on IP-distorted TEM data based on numerical and field examples. We first compare the IP effect on the TE and TM fields when polarizable bodies with different polarizable parameters are present. The TM field is more severely affected by the IP effect than the TE field. Compared to a single grounded-wire source, a double-line grounded-wire source can generate a larger TM field in the horizontal electric field. We compare the IP effect on TEM data from single- and double-line grounded-wire TEM configurations, and find that the data from the double-line configuration have a higher TM/TE ratio and are more severely affected by IP phenomena than in the single-line case. Thus, it would be easier to identify and extract the IP response from field data acquired with a double-line grounded-wire source configuration. These results have been verified by a field survey of the Kalatongke copper-nickel ore district, which has predominantly layered geology, in Xinjiang, China.


In this study, Cyclophilin isolated from cDNA library for Griffithsia japonica among the red algae was named as GjCyp-1 and we investigated the function and characterization of GjCyp-1. For studying the function of the gene, a recombinant GjCyp-1 containing a CaMV35S promoter at the amino-terminus was constructed and expressed in Nicotiana tabacum. Tobacco seedlings confirmed as transgenic sense plant were heat shocked for 2 h at 45°C and then its chlorophyll contents were compared with the tobacco seedlings carrying only the vector under the same heat shock. The results strongly supported the protective effect of red algal Cyp against heat stress. To investigate the subcellular localization of GjCyp-1, GjCyp-1 was translationally fused in-frame to the N-terminus of soluble-modified green fluorescent protein (smGFP). In analysis of confocal microscopy using particle gun bombardment, the smGFP-fusion protein was confirmed in the cytosol of onion epidermal cells. Here, it was suggested that GjCyp-1 was a algal CypA lineage localizing in cytosol and induced thermoprotective activity.


What do the terms 'freedom' and 'justice' mean? What is the State? Is the existence of the State justified? What are the proper limits of the power of the State? What about the intervention of the State in economic matters that gives rise to the disputes between advocates of capitalism, socialism, and the welfare state? These are some of the broader questions addressed in this book.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents with various extraintestinal manifestations. As part of them, various skin diseases are suggested to be related to IBD. We aimed to identify the epidemiology and risk of developing skin manifestations in patients with IBD. We used Korean insurance claims data and selected patients with IBD and age/sex‐matched non‐IBD subjects between 2013 and 2017 using the diagnosis code and prescription records of IBD‐specific medications. The prevalence and risk of concurrent skin diseases were estimated. We identified 64 837 patients with IBD. Reactive skin eruptions including pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum were associated with IBD with highest odds ratios among three categories of reactive, inflammatory, and autoimmune skin diseases. Inflammatory skin diseases including rosacea, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and acne conglobata were significantly associated with IBD, but the association was less marked compared to reactive skin eruptions. The patients with IBD also had a higher risk of autoimmune skin diseases including vitiligo and alopecia areata than non‐IBD subjects. We determined that IBD was related to various skin diseases including reactive, inflammatory, and autoimmune skin diseases. Considering these relationships can allow better management of patients with IBD and comorbid skin diseases.


Teaching Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) is student-centered teaching and incorporates active, team-based learning. POGIL will also be involved in guided research using carefully crafted materials that instruct and guide students to build and rebuild their knowledge. This paper describes the basic concepts of POGIL, its features, and how it can improve the quality of student learning in the new millennium. Besides, it is proposed that POGIL be integrated into the teaching of Sterile Pharmaceutical Preparation Course organized by the Training Management Division, the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Examples of how POGIL will be implemented is shown in this paper. The aims of this paper are to generate interest among educators, with the hope of eventually developing a kind of resource sharing community through POGIL. Hence, POGIL seems to make learning more interesting and can be as the introduction to a new concept for education in Malaysia.


This is the first article that described the effect of a prescribed stepper walking program based on comprehensive geriatric assessment in preventing the general fitness of older adults. An experimental design was conducted with 36 elderly individuals (experiment = 15, control = 21) who were asked to have a 30-minute stepper walking exercise twice per week in the research center. The effectiveness of the program would be evaluated in 8 weeks. The results indicated that the 6-minute walk test, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body composition percentage, and 3-m up and go test improved after an 8-week exercise training in the experimental group.


Urban water supply and distribution infrastructure is aging rapidly and the frequency of pipe burst increases. These events can be very expensive due to water supply disruptions, and damage to surrounding properties and infrastructures. Therefore, methods of detecting and localizing underground burst events in real time can be very helpful in mitigating these impacts. This paper is a part of the WaterWiSe@SG project in Singapore. In this paper, a cost-effective wireless sensor network was developed for a real-time monitoring, analyzing, and modeling of urban water distribution systems. This paper presents an application of joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) for detecting events in water distribution pipelines. The idea behind this method is based on the detection of pressure fluctuations induced by the burst. This proposed approach for event detection employs a spectrogram, one of the JTFA approaches. The feasibility of the proposed method is tested through emulated leak-off experiments and validated with monitoring data in an operational system. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has the potential to assist in the management of water infrastructure by monitoring existing conditions and providing real-time feedback in case of the failure.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are being applied in daily clinical practice, and in what ways the management differs between the Netherlands and other member countries of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

DESIGN
Prospective, observational study.

METHOD
Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ACS who were enrolled in 6 Dutch hospitals and in 97 hospitals in 24 other ESC member countries in the period from 4 September 2000 to 15 May 2001 were included. Data were collected on the acute treatment and secondary prevention in patients with ST-elevation and on the pharmacotherapy, risk stratification and secondary prevention in patients without ST-elevation. The findings were compared with the recommendations and guidelines of the ESC.

RESULTS
A total of 223 patients with ST-elevation and 198 patients without ST-elevation were enrolled in the Netherlands, plus 4208 and 5169 patients, respectively, in the other European countries. The median age was 64-67 years and the percentage of males was 64-73. Of the patients with ST-elevation who arrived in the hospital within 12 hours after the onset of symptoms, 35% received neither thrombolysis nor primary percutaneus coronary intervention. In both the Netherlands and the rest of Europe, half of the ST-elevation patients received thrombolysis later than 40 minutes and primary percutaneous coronary intervention later than 90 minutes after arrival in the hospital. Risk stratification using troponin measurements was applied more often in the Netherlands. Of the high-risk patients without ST-elevation, over 50% in both the Netherlands and the rest of Europe underwent coronary angiography. Almost 70% and 80% of low-risk, non-ST-elevation patients underwent an exercise tolerance test or coronary angiography. In the Netherlands, clopidogrel, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists and statins were prescribed more often and ACE inhibitors less often.

CONCLUSION
Guidelines for the management of ACS were followed to a moderate extent in both the Netherlands and the rest of Europe. The management differed in a number of ways between the Netherlands and the other countries.


Microwave irradiation is shown to be a useful method for simultaneously killing chicks and fixing tissues. Renal adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities were rapidly abolished by microwaving. The increase in chick kidney cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content produced by intravenous bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) injection was much greater in microwaved birds than in those killed by cervical dislocation with subsequent tissue fixation in liquid nitrogen. After PTH injection there was a prolonged elevation of renal cyclic AMP content. At the time of maximum response (2 minutes), log. dose-response curves were linear in the dose range 0.1-10 U. The responses to three different bovine PTH preparations were indistinguishable. Arginine vasopressin, arginine vasotocin, salmon calcitonin and prostaglandin E1 did not affect kidney cyclic AMP content within 2 minutes. Because of its specificity and precision, the method is of use for the in vivo bioassay of PTH. Injection of CaCl2 (20 mumoles) 1 minute before, or conjointly with, bovine PTH inhibited the subsequent increase in kidney cyclic AMP content. The synthetic bovine PTH peptide fragments BPTH (1-34) and BPTH (2-34) both increased chick kidney cyclic AMP content. The use of such fragments allows investigation of the structural requirements of PTH for interaction with the systems regulating cyclic AMP metabolism in the kidney in vivo.


The governing equations of continuity, momentum and energy are numerically solved to study the laminar natural convection heat transfer of Newtonian fluid confined within two concentric cylinders. The inner cylinder is elliptical cross-section with different aspect ratio E = 0.1 to 0.5 and it is considered to be hot, whereas the outer cylinder is circular and it is supposed to be cold.    The annular spacing between the cylinders is defined based on radii ratio (RR = 2.5). Also, the inner cylinder is inclined with an inclination angle (θ = 0 to 90). The main purpose of this study is to determine the effects of inclination angle (θ = 0° to 90°), aspect ratio of inner cylinder (E = 0.1 to 0.5), Prandtl number (Pr = 0.71 and 7.01) and Rayleigh number (Ra = 103 to 105) on fluid flow and heat transfer rate. The flow patterns and temperature distributions are potted in terms of streamlines and isotherms respectively. The obtained results showed that increase in inclination angle enhances the heat transfer rate of inner cylinder for all values of aspect ratio. Also, for the inclination angle          (θ = 90°), the decrease in aspect ratio (E) improves the heat transfer rate of inner cylinder.


State capitals are an indelible part of the American psyche, spatial representations of state power and national identity. Learning them by heart is a rite of passage in grade school, a pedagogical exercise that emphasizes the importance of committing place-names to memory. But geographers have yet to analyze state capitals in any depth. In American Capitals, Christian Montes takes us on a well-researched journey across America - from Augusta to Sacramento, Albany to Baton Rouge - shedding light along the way on the historical circumstances that led to their appointment, their success or failure, and their evolution over time. While all state capitals have a number of characteristics in common - as symbols of the state, as embodiments of political power and decision making, as public spaces with private interests - Montes does not interpret them through a single lens, in large part because of the differences in their spatial and historical evolutionary patterns. Some have remained small, while others have evolved into bustling metropolises, and Montes explores the dynamics of change and growth. All but eleven state capitals were established in the nineteenth century, thirty-five before 1861, but, rather astonishingly, only eight of the fifty states have maintained their original capitals. Despite their revered status as the most monumental and historical cities in America, capitals come from surprisingly humble beginnings, often plagued by instability, conflict, hostility, and corruption. Montes reminds us of the period in which they came about, "an era of pioneer and idealized territorial vision," coupled with a still-evolving American citizenry and democracy.


Iron is known to be important for cell cycle progression and intracellular iron (Fe) chelation has been shown to down-regulate the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21CIP1/WAF1 (p21) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells [1]. p21 has been demonstrated to have both positive and negative effects on G1/S cell cycle progression and regulate cancer cell apoptosis and senescence [2, 3]. Our preliminary studies have suggested that Fe-depletion affects p21 expression differentially depending upon the cell type. Therefore, understanding the ability of Fe chelators to regulate the expression of p21 differently in cancer cells and the biological consequences thereof may provide an insight into the mechanisms involved in the anti-tumor efficacy of these agents. The current study examined the mechanisms involved in regulating p21 expression by Fe in a number of cancer cell-types with different p53 status. RT-PCR demonstrated an increase in p21 mRNA levels in all cells in response to Fe chelation. Western blotting demonstrated that the expression of p21 after incubation with chelators differed between the cell-types. Down-regulation in p21 protein expression was observed in the MCF-7 breast cancer and SK-N-MC neuroepithelioma cells, while up-regulation of p21 protein was evident in the SK-MEL-28 melanoma, CFPAC-1 pancreatic and LNCaP prostate cancer cell-types. However, the effect of the Fe chelator on p21 expression was not correlated to the p53 status of these cells. Furthermore, we showed that nuclear expression levels of p21 in cancer cells were much higher than cytoplasmic expression after Fe chelation. It has been shown that the variety of physiological roles that p21 plays, including cell cycle arrest, rely on its nuclear localisation [4]. These results were confirmed using cytoplasmic and nuclear fractionation, western analysis and immunofluorescence studies. The roles of MDM2 and Np63 in regulating p21 in response to Fe-depletion were also assessed, as these latter molecules can modulate p21 expression in a p53-independent manner [5, 6]. Results demonstrated that after incubation with Fe chelators, the expression pattern of the p75 isoform of MDM2 (p75MDM2) closely resembled that of p21 in 4 of the 5 cell lines investigated. This indicated that MDM2 may be one pathway through which these drugs regulate p21 expression. There was no significant change in Np63 expression after incubating these cells with Fe chelators, suggesting that the alterations in p21 expression observed were independent of Np63. Further studies are focusing on the possible transcriptional regulation of p21 by Fe-depletion. This is being carried out by using p21 promoter constructs to decipher the region of the p21 promoter that is involved in the Fe-regulated expression of p21. Overall, these studies will provide significant insight into the mechanism of action of Fe chelators at the molecular level. References: 1. Fu, D. and D.R. Richardson, Blood, 2007. 110(2): p. 752–61. 2. Ogryzko, V.V., et. al Mol Cell Biol, 1997. 17(8): p. 4877–82. 3. Gartel, A.L. and S.K. Radhakrishnan, Cancer Res, 2005. 65(10): p. 3980–5. 4. Child, E.S. and D.J. Mann, Cell Cycle, 2006. 5(12): p. 1313–9. 5. Zhang, Z., et al., J Biol Chem, 2004. 279(16): p. 16000–6. 6. Yang, A., et al., Mol Cell, 1998. 2(3): p. 305–16. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A67.


Objective: To develop a novel walkability index for London and test it through measurement of associations between neighbourhood walkability and walking among adults using data from the Whitehall II Study. Background: Physical activity is essential for health; walking is the easiest way to incorporate it into everyday life. Many studies have reported positive associations between neighbourhood walkability and walking but the majority have focused on cities in North America and Australasia. Urban form with respect to street connectivity, residential density and land use mix – common components of walkability indices – is likely to differ in European cities. Methods: A walkability index for the 633 spatially contiguous census area statistics wards of London was constructed, comprising three core dimensions associated with walking behaviours: residential dwelling density, street connectivity and land use mix. Walkability was expressed as quartile scores, with wards scoring 1 being in the bottom 25% in terms of walkability, and those scoring 4 in the top 25%. A neighbourhood walkability score was assigned to each London-dwelling Whitehall II Study participant (2003-04, N=3020, mean +/-SD age=61.0y +/-6.0) as the walkability score of the ward in which their residential postcode fell. Associations between neighbourhood walkability and weekly walking time were measured using multiple logistic regression. Results: After adjustment for individual level factors and area deprivation, people in the most walkable neighbourhoods were significantly more likely to spend ≥6hr/wk (Odds Ratio 1.4; 95%Confidence Interval 1.1-1.9), than those in the least walkable. Conclusions: The walkability index constructed can predict walking time in adults: living in a more walkable neighbourhood is associated with longer weekly walking time. The index may help urban planners identify and design neighbourhoods in London with characteristics that are potentially more supportive of walking and, thereby, promote public health.


Evaluation campaigns allow for the creation of a common framework for research, making possible comparability and reproducibility in science. Furthermore, the huge amount of publicly available data in the diferent social platforms (social big data) favours evaluation tasks proliferation, for example in forensic linguistics. However, due to the implications that the release of the data may have on the privacy of people, rules for their protection must be laid down. These norms have been defined by the European Commission in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of April 27, 2016. Moreover, for the collection and distribution of data, each social media platform defines its legal base to use its data. In this paper, we describe the GDPR articles that apply for the organisation of evaluation tasks. Moreover, we propose a methodology to follow at the time of the organisation of evaluation tasks. Finally, we show a case study about the organisation of the PAN forensic linguistic tasks on author profiling at CLEF that we have been organising since 2013, showing how both GDPR and Twitter Terms of Service have been met when creating and distributing the corpora.


Evolutionary game theory has been successful in describing phenomena from bacterial population dynamics to the evolution of social behavior. Interactions between individuals are usually captured by a single game. In reality, however, individuals take part in many interactions. Here, we include multiple games and analyze their individual and combined evolutionary dynamics. A typical assumption is that the evolutionary dynamics of individual behavior can be understood by constructing one big comprehensive interactions structure, a single big game. But if any one of the multiple games has more than two strategies, then the combined dynamics cannot be understood by looking only at individual games. Devising a method to study multiple games – where each game could have an arbitrary number of players and strategies – we provide a concise replicator equation, and analyze its resulting dynamics. Moreover, in the case of finite populations, we formulate and calculate a basic and useful property of stochasticity, fixation probability. Our results reveal that even when interactions become incredibly complex, their properties can be captured by relatively simple concepts of evolutionary game(s) theory.


This paper studies boundary control for exponential stabilization for a distributed parameter system, modeled by semi-linear parabolic partial integro-differential equations (PIDEs) in a 1-D spatial domain. A boundary controller based on boundary measurement is designed for exponential stabilization of the PIDE system, and it is implemented by controlling and measuring only one endpoint of the 1-D spatial domain. With the Lyapunov direct method and Wirtinger's inequality, a sufficient condition for exponential stabilization of the PIDE system with a given decay rate is investigated. Dealing with a special case of PIDE systems, one lemma called Yang inequality is proposed, and a new less conservative sufficient condition is investigated. An example with two cases is given to show the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the proposed methods by using Yang inequality.


The DNA mismatch repair protein, MutS, is a dimeric protein that recognizes mismatched bases and has an intrinsic ATPase activity. Here, a series of Taq MutS proteins having C-terminal truncations in the vicinity of a highly conserved helix-u-turn-helix (HuH) motif are assessed for subunit oligomerization, ATPase activity and DNA mismatch binding. Those proteins containing an intact HuH region are dimers; those without the HuH region are predominantly monomers in solution. Steady-state kinetics of truncated but dimeric MutS proteins reveals only modest decreases in their ATPase activity compared to full-length protein. In contrast, disruption of the HuH region results in a greatly attenuated ATPase activity. In addition, only dimeric MutS proteins are proficient for mismatch binding. Finally, an analysis of the mismatch repair competency of truncated Escherichia coli MutS proteins in a rifampicin mutator assay confirms that the HuH region is critical for in vivo function. These findings indicate that dimerization is critical for both the ATPase and DNA mismatch binding activities of MutS, and corroborate several key features of the MutS structure recently deduced from X-ray crystallographic studies.


On the basis of the aerodynamic roughness parameterization formulated by Donelan et al in 1993 an overwater shear velocity equation is proposed which is a function of wind and wave information available routinely (i.e., wind speed, significant wave height, and spectral peak wave period) This proposed wind-wave interaction method is then compared to the direct eddy correlation method using the North Sea dataset provided by Geernaert et al in 1987. It is found that in the North Sea (where the JONSWAP wave formulation is valid) the composite RMSE between these two methods was 6.5 cm/sec when the wind speed was between 3 and 25 m/sec and the significant wave height between 1 and 8 m. Application of this wind-wave interaction method under both cyclogenesis and hurricane conditions show that the agreement between this method and others is within 95%. Therefore, for a site specific sea and coastal region, the proper drag coefficient formulation must incorporate the wave characteristics of that region Since the method proposed in this study is able to handle this requirement, it is recommended for general use.


Sexual harassment serves as a vivid example of heated struggles over sexuality, power, and gender equality on both sides of the Atlantic because it fuses the issues of violence against women, sexuality, and workplace equality. Several notable, high-profile cases in the United States raised public awareness of the problem of unwanted sexual attention in workplaces and brought the term "sexual harassment" into living rooms throughout the world during the 1990s. Although Europeans were often skeptical about the relevance of the issue to their lives, surveys report that about the same percentage of women in the European Union (EU) member states and in the United States have experienced sexual harassment at work. There have been several notorious scandals involving European men accused of harassment. The British Crown has been in the news twice regarding allegations of sexual harassment among the staff. Most recently, Elaine Day, forty-five years old, a former personal assistant who worked for Prince Charles's household for four years, resigned and filed a sexual harassment and unfair dismissal suit, testifying that her dismissal was a retaliation for her complaint of "inappropriate touching" by the Prince's assistant private secretary Paul Kefford. She said that she felt threatened by Kefford and that he had sexually harassed two other staff members (al Yafai 2004). An American woman who had worked for many years on the staff of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees filed a sexual harassment complaint against the High Commissioner, Ruud Lubbers, in 2004, alleging that he groped her after a meeting in his office.


When species in the solution undergo multiple chemical reactions, the solution may be treated as a solution of all species actually present or as a hypothetical solution composed of elemental species. Based on the fundamental thermodynamic principle, the relationships of mole numbers, molar fractions, thermodynamic properties, partial molar properties, potential and fugacity between the hypothetical solution of elemental species and the equilibrated solution of actual species were derived. The hypothetical elemental solution provides a way of reducing the dimensionality of problem, simplifying the analysis and visualizing the phase behavior.


The current research investigated age and gender stereotypes in relation to adaptive performance. Using methods similar to those used in Schein's studies (1973, 1975), 496 undergraduate students rated 1 of 7 targets on 6 dimensions of adaptive performance. All of the targets varied in age (25, 40, or 55 years) and gender, except one that was age and gender neutral. The 7th served as a reference group and was an age- and gender-neutral target. Results showed that older targets were perceived as less adaptable across most of the dimensions of adaptability. Further, men and women were perceived differently, but differences were consistent with many prevalent gender stereotypes. Finally, female participants tended to rate all targets more favorably than male participants. Implications for human resources management and future research on stereotypes at work are discussed.


Software performance changes are costly and often hard to detect pre-release. Similar to software testing frameworks, either application benchmarks or microbenchmarks can be integrated into quality assurance pipelines to detect performance changes before releasing a new application version. Unfortunately, extensive benchmarking studies usually take several hours which is problematic when examining dozens of daily code changes in detail; hence, trade-offs have to be made. Optimized microbenchmark suites, which only include a small subset of the full suite, are a potential solution for this problem, given that they still reliably detect the majority of the application performance changes such as an increased request latency. It is, however, unclear whether microbenchmarks and application benchmarks detect the same performance problems and one can be a proxy for the other. In this paper, we explore whether microbenchmark suites can detect the same application performance changes as an application benchmark. For this, we run extensive benchmark experiments with both the complete and the optimized microbenchmark suites of the two time-series database systems InfluxDB and VictoriaMetrics and compare their results to the results of corresponding application benchmarks. We do this for 70 and 110 commits, respectively. Our results show that it is possible to detect application performance changes using an optimized microbenchmark suite if frequent false-positive alarms can be tolerated.


Vast majority of African people cannot afford adequate housing. UNCHS define adequate housing as the one with acceptable level of privacy, space, physical accessibility, security, security of tenure, structural stability, durability, lighting, heating, ventilation and basic social infrastructural services. About 50% of African population is currently urban dwellers out of which 75% cannot afford formal housing. The concept of affordable housing was conceived with an aim of saving the low income earners and the poor to access formal housing especially in poor countries. Tanzania is one of the poor countries with Gross Domestic Product per capita income record of 842.37 US$ in 2015 and defines affordable housing as the one which can adequately shelter all people below and above the poverty line. Literature review was carried out to understand country's economies and individual's affordability levels in housing. Field surveys assisted to learn various housing scenarios in rural and urban areas; as well as planned and unplanned urban housing in Tanzania. This study has found out that 7.2% and 21.5% of Tanzanian households were below the food poverty line and basic needs poverty line respectively and they cannot afford adequate housing. The low income earners who are not necessarily in these percentages can hardly afford adequate formal housing because they cannot easily access financial institutions. Consequently formal housing units produced by National Housing Corporation and other commercial housing developers are bought by high income earners. The affordable housing concept is practically unaffordable housing concept to the targeted people. Policy makers, Spatial Planners and Architects should redefine affordable housing and propose pragmatic decent housing approaches to realistically assist the low income earners in poor countries.


Environmental folklore is one of the nearly extinct oral literatures. The dominant factor is the environmental crisis that makes people not preserve folklore as a heritage that should be preserved. Technological advances make oral literature, especially environmental folklore, left behind and neglected. This research aimed to interpret the ecocritical theory of literature by expressing forms of ecological wisdom in Gedong Wareng folklore in Pacitan Regency. Ecocriticism is applied to examine folklore through data classification based on the moral principles of ecological wisdom. This research is a descriptivequalitative research with an ethnographic approach by using interview transcripts regarding Gedong Wareng folklore with the participants in Pacitan regency as data sources. The data were collected using interviews, observation, documentation, field notes, and transcription. There are three aspects in the data analysis technique, namely description, analysis, and interpretation. The research found nine data from five elements of ecological wisdom values in the Gedong Banteng Wareng folklore in Pacitan Regency. People still believe in the story and hold its ecological wisdom values, and thus, until now, they, hand in hand, keep preserving the Gedong Wareng area.


The degradation of benzene, monochlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene in aqueous solution by gamma irradiation was investigated. The effect of the irradiated solution composition was studied. The results showed that benzene is more resistant to destruction than chlorinated benzenes. The presence of oxidizing and reducing reactive species and the rapid reaction rates with halogenated benzenes increased the degradation rate of the pollutants. Dechlorination of CB and 1,2-DCB was observed. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectroscopy (UV-Vis) were used to monitor changes in the radiation solutions. The final aqueous irradiation products were shown to be a complex mixture of by-products. The addition of scavengers such as methanol and ethanol required larger doses to decompose the pollutants when compared to those solutions with no additives.


The phytotoxic effect of cadmium sulphate, lead acetate and chlorpyriphos containing insecticide Pyrinex 48 EC were investigated on chicken embryos on late developmental stage (day 19 of incubation). The eggs were injected by 0.1 ml amount of lead acetate (0.1%), of cadmium sulphate (0.01%), of Pyrinex 48 EC (chlorpyriphos, 480 g/l; 1%) and as a control 0.1 ml of bird-physiologic saline solution (0.75%). The treatments were performed on day 0 of incubation, and the embryos were examined on day 19. Number of embryonic death, developmental abnormalities and body weight of embryos were recorded on day 19. The body weight of embryos reduced significantly, the rate of embryo mortality increased, but teratogenic effect was not realised by the single treatment of lead acetate and cadmium sulphate. By the single administration of PYRINEX 48 EC the average body weight of embryos resulted in a significant decrease and the rate of embryo mortality and developmental anomalies were increased and it was found to be embryo toxic and teratogenic in the embryos. The increased embryo toxic effect can occur by the additive effect of the heavy elements (cadmium sulphate and lead acetate) and the PYRINEX 48 EC.


The practical and theoretical bases of cost-benefit analysis are reviewed systematically with particular emphasis on how an analysis can be carried out in practice. A Danish analysis about introduction of vaccination for mumps, measles and German measles is included as a common example. The great significance of elucidating the socio-economical questions to be answered before commencing an analysis is emphasized. It is therefore recommended that, among other things, as a side-effect of the actual cost-benefit analysis, a cash-analysis and a budget analysis should be carried out to identify the parties involved in the immediate expenses and incomes. This is particularly important in the cases where the same parties have a central position in the decision-making processes concerned in the project. In addition, costs and benefits are frequently distributed differently in time in different ways: Short-term expenses and long-term benefits. In connection with decision-making, this may also involve problems and should, therefore, be elucidated in detail. Similarly, the importance of including many alternatives in the analysis is emphasized and illustrated. In conclusion, it is demonstrated how well the theoretical principles have been followed, the employment and the process which led to the concrete analysis.


This is a practical search paper aims at studying the effect of yoga exercises on the movement performance of the students of college of fine arts after discovering the importance of such exercises. These exercises provide the body and mind with activity and have many physical advantages that can be used in developing the performance skills of the drama student. This paper consists of three chapters. The first is about the paper problem through answering the following question: What are the advantages of using yoga exercises (relaxation, concentration) on developing the skills of the drama student from the physical and psychological side? Zero hypotheses are set for this aim. The importance of this paper is to reveal the advantages of using yoga exercises for the actor from the physical and psychological side. The searcher finds that there is a necessary need for this study because it's subject is new and developing. The paper aims at identifying the effect of the selected Hatha yoga exercises on the movement performance level (movement expression) for the students of acting branch, second grade, drama department, college of fine arts in University of Babil. The theoretical frame of this study is interested in studying yoga (as a concept and practice) and indicators are shown. The second chapter is about the procedures of the practical paper, search paper community, search sample, analysis methodology and making a test before and after. The third is about the results including the following: 1-    There are differences of statistical significance on a level of (0,05) between the marks of the pretest and posttest for the students of the control group. There is statistical significance on the average of the marks of the control group between the pretest and posttest. This shows the development of the movement performance of the control group students after training them due to the traditional way. 2-    Improving the creative performance level and the ability to do the art movement improvisation. This chapter also includes the most important results, recommendations ,suggestions and references used by the searcher.


This paper constructs synchronously priced indices of securitised property listed on the NYSE and LSE. The indices are then utilised to examine dynamic information flows between the two markets. By analysing returns behaviour, asymmetric volatility spill over effects and exceedance correlations, this study shows that the real estate markets in these two countries experience significant interaction on a daily basis similar to other equity listed stocks, and as such caution should be placed on believing that the pricing dynamics of international securitised real estate markets are distinguishable from standard stocks. The synchronous results are also noticeably different to when only using close-to-close returns, which can misconstrue the true dynamics that exist between these markets. This has important implications for how property portfolio managers manage their portfolios.