An algorithm, permitting us to extract iterations belonging to synchronization-free slices and to generate code enumerating sources of such slices and iterations of each slice in lexicographical order is presented. Synchronization-free slices can be executed independently preserving the lexicographic order of iterations in each slice. Our approach requires exact dependence analysis and based on operations on relations and sets. To describe and implement the algorithms, the dependence analysis by Pugh and Wonnacott was chosen where dependences are found in the form of tuple relations. The proposed algorithms have been implemented and verified by means of the Omega project software. Presburger arithmetic limitations are discussed. Results of experiments are presented. Tasks for future research are outlined.


This paper argues that there are morphemes that circumscribe subparts of stems, creating word-internal boundaries that condition phonological processes, trigger allomorphy, and provide a locus for concatenation. Examples are found in Māori, a Polynesian language spoken in New Zealand. Circumscriptive morphemes are shown to trigger allomorphy in a number of morphemes, including the imperative e~ and tense marker ka~kaː. They are also used to account for vowel lengthening in certain plural and passive forms, and motivate infixation in reduplication.


The four main functions being served by the Automated Repair Service Bureau are (i) Customer Line Card Maintenance — a large, complex data base problem; (ii) Trouble-Taking and Tracking — a simple transaction problem; (iii) Loop Testing — a process-control problem; and (iv) Trouble-History Review — a large, filter, sort, and count report-generation problem. All of these functions were implemented among different computers, which were then networked together to form the full ARSB architecture. This decomposition resulted in an architecture that has been adaptable to Bell Operating Companies' needs over a full decade.


The study presents the economic justification of rational nature use on the example of the development of the national energy industry of Ukraine. To date, it has not been possible to fundamentally rebuild the economic complex of Ukraine on ecologically favorable intensive pro-European principles of nature management activities. The industries dangerous for the environment of Ukraine include the fuel and energy, metallurgical, heavy engineering, chemical and petrochemical industries; agro-industrial complex; communal economy; transport (especially automobile). The gradual mastering of the experience of nature use and the acquisition of knowledge by mankind about the use of natural resources had both positive and negative consequences. The study presented the level of emissions of the main pollutants into the atmospheric air in Ukraine, the level of discharge of polluted return water into natural surface water bodies by regions of Ukraine, as well as the most polluted settlements in Ukraine by the content of industrial toxicants in the soil. Taking into account the technological level of PEK, the total need for innovative financing (according to experts' estimates) is from UAH 8 to 12 billion annually. Economic entities will not be able to obtain such financial resources by their own efforts without targeted foreign investment. Therefore, the problem of creating an attractive investment climate in the PEK of Ukraine for the activation of innovative processes has acquired special importance.


Aiming at the defects of random update and poor stability of COPRA algorithm, this paper proposes an overlapping community discovery algorithm based on label propagation (COLBN). The algorithm calculates the value of the node by traversing each node, and finds the reference node to determine the number of divided communities. Then, the reference node is used to update the label for the adjacent node to identify the overlapping node, and the overlapping community can be divided when all overlapping nodes are found. This paper makes use of the network dataset of the bottlenose dolphins in the Magic Bay and the book dataset on American politics, and the comparison test of COPRA algorithm, which proves that the COLBN algorithm significantly reduces the update randomness of the label propagation process and improves the stability of the generated network communities.


The question of extendability of the action of a cyclic group of automorphisms of a compact Riemann surface is considered. Particular attention is paid to those cases corresponding to Singerman's list of Fuchsian groups which are not finitely‐maximal, and more generally to cases involving a Fuchsian triangle group. The results provide partial answers to the question of which cyclic groups are the full automorphism group of some Riemann surface of given genus g>1.


In many electrical and electronic systems, metallic enclosures are used to provide electromagnetic shielding. These enclosures normally contain thin wires, thin slots, and frequency-selective slots (FSS) that degrade the shielding effects. In this paper, integrated FDTD formulations are developed that can model both subcellular thin slots and thin wires simultaneously. The formulations are shown to be capable of accurately predicting shielding effectiveness and inner field distributions of a metallic enclosure in both the frequency- and time-domains when subject to a high-power electromagnetic pulse.


Nowadays service sector plays a significant role in economics. One of the business sectors which have significantly growth is Hospital. Competition in health industry especially hospital becomes more competitive. Like the other business industry, hospital should have a strategic to survive in this competition. One of the strategic that they can apply is differentiation. Differentiation can be converted in many forms such as pricing, branding, and or convenience. Hospitals may focus on service quality which is offered by them to consumer as means of differentiation to achieve customer satisfaction. The effect of service quality and transaction specific satisfaction to customer satisfaction would be discussed in this research. Boshof and Gray model which uses service quality and transactional specific customer satisfaction, is adopted and modified in this research to analyze the effect of those two variables to customer satisfaction. Further by adopting models from Boshoff and Gray (2004) effect from each dimension of service quality and transactional specific satisfaction to customer satisfaction is also analyzed. 285 questionnaires are distributed at Telogorejo Private Hospital in Semarang based on the percentages of room capacity for each class of services. Result of the research shows that service quality and transactional specific customer satisfaction have positive and significant influence to customer satisfaction.


This paper presents the flexural behaviour of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a binder, manufactured sand (M-sand) as a fine aggregate, and coconut shell (CS) and crushed stone aggregate (CSA) as coarse aggregates. Alkaline activator sodium hydroxide with 10 molarity and sodium silicate were used in a weighing proportion of 1 : 2.5 to produce structural grade concrete. Out of 12 beams cast, 6 were used to study geopolymer coconut shell concrete (GPCSC) beam behaviour and 6 were used to study geopolymer conventional concrete (GPCC) beam behaviour. Data presented include cracking behaviour, ultimate moment capacitates, deflection behaviour, ductility ratio, and end rotation of the beam. Laboratory investigations show encouraging results, and it can be summarized that coconut shell has good potential as a coarse aggregate for the production of structural grade geopolymer lightweight coconut shell concrete.


The information content of multiparametric flow cytometry experiments is routinely underexploited given the paucity of adequate tools for unbiased comprehensive data analysis that can be applied successfully and independently by immunologists without computational training.


Objective: To compare the efficacy of conventional rehabilitation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and early mobilization in reducing the time needed to reverse intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW), as assessed by the Medical Research Council muscle strength scale (MRC-MSS) score, in patients clinically diagnosed with ICUAW. Setting: Medical-surgical ICU of a general acute care hospital with 26 beds. Design: Pilot trial with random assignment and a control group. Interventions: Group 1: standard or routine rehabilitation, Group 2: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and Group 3: early mobilization protocol. Subjects: Individuals over 18 years old admitted to the ICU with invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and diagnosed with ICUAW defined as Score MRC-MSS<48 measured over two consecutive days. Results: 18 subjects were included. One-way ANOVA showed differences in the treatment days needed to achieve an MRC-MSS [≥]48 (p = 0.01), as well as in the number of sessions required to reverse ICUAW (p = 0.01) when comparing the different interventions. Through post hoc analysis, the group treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was identified as requiring significantly more days and sessions to reverse ICUAW. Differences were observed in the Barthel index at the end and in the variation of the Barthel index as a result of functional capacity among the different treatments. Conclusion: The group treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation required a significantly greater number of days and sessions to achieve an MRC-SS [≥]48. No differences in functional limitation were observed. These findings should be corroborated in similar studies. (Clinicaltrial.gov NCT04613908)


Geometric modelling of involute spur gears, precision forging process simulation and upper bound analysis are the subjects of this paper. Computer programs for the geometric modelling have been written with Visual Basic in SolidWorks macro. Module, teeth number, pressure angle, gear height and bore radius of the spur gear were input to a parametric computer program and then spur gear solid model is constructed. Using spur gear model, billet dimensions, the die cavity, the punch and the ejector are modelled automatically. Forming load is calculated using the upper bounds. For upper bound analyses, half pitch of a tooth with involute curve has been divided into six deformation zones. A velocity field in which bulging of the tooth form is considered has been proposed. The obtained forging load was compared with experimental results carried out in literature and simulated with SuperForge commercial code.


ABSTRACT Continuously increasing energy requirements coupled with environmental pollution have established pressure to utilise lignocellulosic biomass for energy production. Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing species capable of accumulating large quantities of biomass without requiring major agricultural inputs. The aim of this research was to investigate the thermochemical properties of its tree parts including phyllodes (leaves), trunk, bark and branches to utilise them as solid fuel to produce bioenergy. Thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric (TGA and DTG ) analyses were performed to study the biomass degradation behaviour, which showed the decomposition of biomass in three major stages corresponding to the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin components. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was carried out to determine the functional groups. Proximate analysis showed the weight percentages of moisture contents, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents as 7.25–9.27%, 61.79–73.28%, 16.50–27.92% and 2.13–3.72%, respectively. Ultimate analysis showed the ranges of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen as 44.27–49.41%, 5.3–6.10% and 41.93–49.44% respectively, while lower values of sulphur and nitrogen components were reported which are encouraging from an environmental perspective. Higher heating values (HHV) for the parts were reported to range between 17.85 and 20.93 MJ/kg on a dry basis.


The demand of flowers is continuously increasing. So, in this research study it has tried to find the importance of Indian flowers on worldwide. The purpose of this research study is to analyse the export performance of Indian floriculture from April 2016- March 2022. This research study is based on secondary data. Data is collected from Agricultural and Processed Food Product Export Development, National Horticulture Board etc. other various official websites. All the information has also collected from various official reports and different newspapers, articles etc. In this study, the production area of floriculture and export status of floriculture in India from April 2016- March 2022 has discussed. It is found that the export of floriculture is now increasing in post covid period. Many countries import high quantity of flowers from India. Government of India is continuously launching various schemes for farmers to encourage them for the production of flowers.


2-methylol-4-tert-butylphenol (2M4THP) forms 1:3 (metal:ligand) complex with Fe(III) at pH4, showing maximum absorbance at 600nm. The complex obeys Beer's law in the range 1.0 -4 - 1.0 10 -3 M.


Title : Study of Erosion Hazard on Upland in Samin Sub Watershed, Karanganyar Regency . Samin sub watershed at Karanganyar District, Central Java has been degraded by erosion. The shed needs to be managed seriously. This research was done at Samin sub watershed at 650 – 1800 above sea level from June to November 2006. The aim of the research is studying erosion hazard on each land unit in Samin sub watershed and land management have been done farmer. This research used phenomenology qualitative description method by interpretation of theme maps and Iconos image satellite, and survey. Soil and land management sampling method was done by purposive sampling. The result of this research are land in research area very sensitive to occur land degradation because erosion hazard in light until very heavy; intercropping system in land unit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 is the best method to land conservation and diversification of agriculture yield; soil management method and intercropping system have been done by farmer are the best of land conservation Keywords: Erosion, Samin Sub Watershed, upland, intercropping, soil management


Partition in aqueous two phase polymer systems is a potentially useful procedure in downstream processing of both molecular and particulate biomaterials. The potential efficiency of the process for particle and cell isolations is much higher than the useful levels already achieved. Space provides a unique environment in which to test the hypothesis that convection and settling phenomena degrade the performance of the partition process. The initial space experiment in a series of tests of this hypothesis is described.


An extruded shaped device rod for sustained delivery of biological substances, which seobtiene by a process comprising (a) providing a preparation comprising at least 50% by weight of a lipid composition and at least one biological substance, the composition comprising lipid lipid or lipoid component altopunto fusion and a lipid or lipoid component low melting, where the melting point of the ocomponente lipid lipid low melting point is below the melting point of the lipid or lipoid component altopunto of fusion; (B) extruding the composition of (a) to a temperature which is at or above the melting point of the ocomponente lipid lipid low melting point but below the melting point of the lipid or lipoid component dealto melting point in an extruder screw type; and (c) obtain the extruded rod-shaped device from the extrudate (b).


Climate characteristics of haze were analyzed by using conventional meteorological data from 1961 to 2006 in Lanzhou City.Due to severe pollution,haze in Lanzhou frequently occurred during 1970's to 1980's.However,the hazy days in total were decreasing in 1990's and at the turn of the century.Haze occurred in the four seasons of any year throughout the history but mostly in late autumn and the whole winter.Of twelve months,the maximum days of haze occurrence are in December and the most strong are also in winter.As for a daily distribution,the great part of haze appear at 8:00 in spring and summer, 14:00 in autumn and winter.In a year,the variations of haze days display a"U"type,which has negative correlation with temperature.According to statistic results,the lower the surface temperature is,the more likely that haze occurs.The wind speed below 2 m/s and relative humidity under 70%are two major weather conditions causing haze occurrence.


Historical and paleolimnological studies have demonstrated that environmental changes in the North Pacific can strongly affect sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) abundances. Whether these marine shifts would be influential on sockeye salmon from all lake types, however, has not yet been studied. This study represents the first paleolimnolo- gical analysis of past sockeye salmon population dynamics in a stained nursery lake (Packers Lake, Alaska). We adopted a multiproxy approach to determine whether salmon-derived nutrients (inferred from δ 15 N) would be available for algal uptake (inferred from the diatom species responses) in this stained lake, as high concentrations of humics and iron are known to sequester phosphorus. The strong degree of coherency between δ 15 N and diatoms, however, suggests that salmon-derived nutrients were bioavailable and enhanced productivity. Overall, our indicators responded to changes in sockeye salmon abundances and volcanic ashfalls over the past ~500 years. In a section of the core unaffected by tephras (AD ~1770-1882), our record suggests that the number of sockeye salmon spawners fluctuated widely. Com- parison of temporal shifts in inferred sockeye salmon abundances from Packers Lake with other clearwater nursery lakes reveals a broadly consistent pattern, likely influenced by past climatic changes.


This study examines how the number of choices offered on a website influences consumers' internal states (affective and cognitive responses) and their approach/avoidance behavior during online apparel shopping. Focus-group and questionnaire data collection methods with a 3 (number of choices) by 3 (presentation formats) factorial experimental design were employed. The theoretical frameworks, "choice overload" and "online store atmospherics and shopper response," were applied. A total of 382 usable responses were collected. Although the interaction proposed in the study was not statistically significant, the findings of the study show that the effect of choice overload may not only influence the in-task generated responses but also have a deeper and long-lasting impact on the online consumer behavior. The respondents react to the large choice set on the basis of feelings and emotions (affective responses), and these responses ultimately lead to a subsequent attitude and approach behavior.


If an experiment is to be conducted in a heterogeneous medium, the experimenter may endeavour to reduce the experiment's inherent variability by dividing the medium into segments which are relatively homogeneous. If this requires it to be divided in two different directions, the medium may be considered to be partitioned into a number of rows and columns. Treatment is then applied to the experimental units in each homogeneous segment, and the resulting layout is known as a row-column design, or a design for the two-way elimination of heterogeneity. The theory of such designs is applicable to any design where the systematic variability is due to three distinct factors.


This article examines the relationship between illicit drug use and marital status. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experiences, the article presents both cross-sectional and longitudinal estimates of the effect of marijuana and cocaine use on marital status, the length of time until first marriage, and the duration of first marriage. The results indicate that among non-Black young adults, drug users are more likely to be unmarried due to a delay in the age at first marriage, and shorter marriage durations. In contrast, drug use has no effect on marital choices of Black young adults.


The present invention discloses a scratch-drilling bit. Comprises a bit body, socket head cap screws, the blade forming the liner; the liner is mounted on the bit body, the bit body may be rotated about the bit body; square hole shaped blade mounted on said drill bit body, by the Allen screws fastened and secured. Another multi-purpose drill bit comprising a drill bit body, socket head cap screw, the block body, the sleeve cutter; said cutter sleeve mounted on the bit body, a reamer sleeve so as to limit the rotation of the synchronous bit body ; square hole drill body mounted on the block body, the plug block by socket head cap screws fastened and secured. The present invention has low production costs, high production efficiency, convenient operation, etc., but the present invention is the use of functional devices can completely replace the blade row, reducing manufacturing costs.


A revised model of the aromatic binding A domain of the σ54-dependent regulator XylR of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 was produced based on the known 3D structures of homologous regulators PoxR, MopR, and DmpR. The resulting frame was instrumental for mapping the large number of mutations known to alter effector specificity, which were then reinterpreted under a dependable spatial reference. Some of these changes involved the predicted aromatic-binding pocket but others occurred in distant locations, including dimerization interfaces and putative zinc-binding site. The effector pocket was buried within the protein structure and accessible from the outside only through a narrow tunnel. The model was experimentally validated by treating the cells in vivo and the purified protein in vitro with benzyl bromide, which reacts with accessible nucleophilic residues on the protein surface. Proteomic analyses of the thereby tagged peptides confirmed the predicted in/out distribution of residues but also suggested that the fully-folded protein is not accessible by externally added effectors. The data thus suggested that XylR inducers assist the folding and/or the structuring of the A domain in an intramolecular non-repressive form rather than interacting dynamically with the aromatic partner once a fully structured protein is shaped. Originality-Significance Statement XylR is a transcriptional regulator of Pseudomonas putida strain mt-2 which activates the upper TOL pathway promoter Pu for catabolism of toluene and m-xylene upon binding of these aromatic effectors to its N-terminal A domain. While this feature has made XylR a popular platform for the development of whole-cell biosensors for aromatic compounds, the difficulty to crystallize the A domain —let alone the whole-length protein— has made structural comprehension of the effector-regulator binding quite problematic. To overcome this impasse, we have combined homology-based structural predictions of the A domain of XylR with biochemical probing of exposed amino acids on the surface of the protein, both in vivo and in vitro. The results generally matched the effects of mutations known from previous genetic/phenotypic analyses of the protein. However, the data also suggested an intriguing mechanism of activation of XylR by effectors in which the inducer assists the shaping of the regulator in an active conformation rather than interacting a posteriori with an already formed protein invitro. This may in fact explain the longstanding failure to purify the protein in an effector-responsive form.


Intensifier Charge Couple Device (ICCD) is widely used in ultraviolet (UV) detection to amplify weak UV signal so that we can extract the target. While we amplify weak signals, inevitably the noise will also amplify. In this paper, according to the different characteristic of UV detection image, a Partial Differential Equation of Adaptive Median Filter (AMF-PDE) algorithm is proposed to process the output image of ultraviolet ICCD camera. The results show that AMF-PDE is able to recover submerged signal and preserve details of UV detection image efficiently.


Narrow bandgap conjugated polymers in combination with fullerene acceptors are under intense investigation in the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The open circuit voltage, and thereby the power conversion efficiency, of the devices is related to the offset of the frontier orbital energy levels of the donor and acceptor components, 1 , 2 which are widely determined by cyclic voltammetry. Inconsistencies have appeared in the use of the ferrocenium/ferrocene (Fc+/Fc) redox couple, as well as the values used for the absolute potentials of standard electrodes, which can complicate the comparison of materials properties and determination of structure/property relationships.


In socioeconomy development local government should have permitting service, system service, basic service and standard service definitely , guiding service, fair service and other public service function to meet the new environmental requirement that our country joins WTO. Limit 6 big kinds of services and the 10 functions of local government again, this theoretically strengthen the standard of local government service competition ability, can raise west local government service level greatly.


1An address given before the Workshop for Seminary Professors sponsored by The Association of Seminary Professors in the Practical Fields in Chicago, Ill., on June 10, 1954.


The synthesis of a new conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), namely DSAzB, is described, which contains a conjugated core bearing a diazene moiety in the center of its electronically delocalized structure. Similar to structurally-related phenylenevinylene-based COEs, DSAzB readily intercalates into model and natural lipid bilayer membranes. Photo-induced isomerization transforms the linear trans COE into a bent or C-shape form. It is thereby possible to introduce DSAzB into the bilayer of a cell and disrupt its integrity by irradiation with light. This leads to controlled permeabilization of membranes, as demonstrated by the release of calcein from DMPG/DMPC vesicles and by propidium iodide influx experiments on S. epidermidis. Both experiments support that the permeabilization is selective for the light stimulus, highly efficient, and repeatable. Target-selective and photoinduced actions demonstrated by DSAzB may have broad applications in biocatalysis and related biotechnologies. Azo-benzene is an important motif in organic chemistry. It is introduced into various compounds to change properties such as steric demand by irradiation, which can ultimately be used for example to control Host-Guest-complexes or to form photoresponsive polymer vesicles. There is also literature precedent for the incorporation of azo-benzene compounds into lipid bilayers. The azo-benzene moiety in such systems may be photoisomerized by UV-light leading to changes in membrane morphology and other properties, including permeabilization or even destruction of the bilayer. An application proposed for these membrane hybrids is in drug delivery. Indeed, various strategies for the incorporation of azo-benzene units in membranes exist, all with certain advantages and limitations. One approach involves the synthesis of photoswitchable lipids for vesicle formation. A different strategy is to incorporate lipophilic azobenzene-derived molecules into the membrane. Here the molecules have to be added prior to vesicle formation. To avoid this, photosensitive surfactants can be used that have the capability to intercalate into the outer layer of the membrane. With UV-irradiation it is possible to destroy or combine vesicles, or to increase the membrane area. By modifying the surfactant, the photocontrolled release of Sulforhodamine B is possible, but in this case the vesicles need to be pre-formed with the surfactant. Recently, the groups of Lanzani and Benfenati integrated azobenzene containing molecules into a membrane, which causes thinning in their trans-configuration leading to an increased membrane capacitance. Certain conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) have the ability to spontaneously intercalate into synthetic and biological membranes due to their rigid hydrophobic core and cationic end groups. The core of these COEs is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the membrane and the polar end-groups are at the surfaces. COEs have optical properties that make them useful for fluorescent imaging and the dimension of their backbone has a pronounced effect on the physical properties of the stained lipid bilayer. Specifically, the length of phenylenevinylene COEs with four phenyl rings is similar to the thickness of a lipid bilayer membrane (~4 nm). COEs with shorter cores tend to drag the polar head groups towards the center of the bilayer and thereby thin/permeabilize the membrane. This disruption has been implicated in antimicrobial activity towards bacteria – an observation which is being explored for the development of new antibiotic agents. Longer COEs can rigidify the membrane and enhance their robustness against osmotic pressure and butanol. S. oneidensis and E. coli membranes can be permeabilized by COEs with intermediate dimensions. Figure 1. Chemical structures of a previously-reported COE (COE2-4C) and the photo-isomerizable analogue described herein (DSAzB). Iodide counterions are omitted for clarity. In this contribution, we describe the design, synthesis, properties and application of a photo-actuated COE. The new structure (DSAzB, see Figure 1 for chemical structures) is derived from [a] Dr. D. Leifert Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster (Germany) E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [b] A. S. Moreland, J. Limwongyut, Dr. A. A. Mikhailovsky, Prof Dr. G. C. Bazan Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials and Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (USA) E-mail: email@example.com Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of the document. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved Au th or M an us cr ip t


This paper describes the physical layer for a high penetration paging (HPP) mode, that is a highly integrated adjoint to a cellular system. Through the use of very low rate coding and periodically inserted synchronization bursts, the HPP mode enables a cellular user to locate and maintain a minimal communication link with a cellular network at 15 to 20 dB below the normal operating signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, the ANSI-136 air interface standard is used as the underlying cellular system. The same concept can be extended to other systems as well.


The usual high temperature wurtzite phase of ZnS was successfully obtained at low temperature (170 °C) in the presence of ethylenediamine (EN) as the soft template. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the EN-mediated phase transformation (zinc blende to wurtzite) of ZnS. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that all the samples were sulfur deficient. A high temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that ZnS samples, both EN-mediated and without EN, retained their phases except small changes in the unit cell dimension. Besides the EN-mediated phase transition, morphology transformations from nearly spherical shape to nanorods are also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coupling between EN molecules with ZnS is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A significant reduction in the phase transition temperature of ZnS has been achieved as compared to the bulk transition temperature (1020 °C). Mech...


Abstract: With rapid computerisation of all walks of life, cyber security has become a major challenge to the mankind. Cyber security is all about security of anything in cyber realm, while information security is all about security of information regardless of the realm. Cybercrimes are perpetrated by using computers and related devices / networks by individuals with sophisticated knowledge in the field of computers. Cybercrime is an evil having its origin in the growing dependence on computers in modern life. In a day and age when everything from microwave ovens and refrigerators to nuclear power plants is being run on computers, cybercrime has assumed rather sinister implications. Cybercrime perpetrators are keeping pace with innovations in technology and are way ahead of security measures taken to curb them. With huge money involved in cybercrimes, it has become a major concern. This research paper briefly defines cyber security and deals in detail with cybercrime and five major cyber security threats currently plaguing the world.


One of the difficulties encountered in verifying sound propagation models for gas bearing sediments is determining the overall void fraction (VF) and the bubble size distribution (BSD), both of which greatly effect the acoustic behavior. Traditional time-offlight sound speed measurements are hindered at low frequencies because of the large sample size needed. Due to these difficulties, the various models that have appeared in the literature are essentially unverified by experiment. These issues have been addressed by combining one-dimensional acoustic resonator measurements of sound speed with contemporaneous BSD and VF determination by computed x-ray tomography. Sound speed was successfully measured in reconstituted bay mud and kaolinite sediments containing varying fractions of biogenic gas bubbles or air bubbles. The acoustic resonator operated between 100–2000 Hz and utilized cylindrical acrylic core liners to contain the sediment. Because of the compliance of the core liner walls, an elastic waveguide model was used to relate the sound speed measured inside the core liner to that which would be observed in the free field. The measured sound speeds ranged from 1520 m/s for gas-free mud to as low as 287 m/s for gassy mud and 114 m/s for gassy kaolinite. Volumetric images produced from x-ray CT scans yielded a void fraction of 0.0045 in the kaolinite sample and void fractions ranging from 0.0014 to 0.0024 in the reconstituted bay mud. For the kaolinite, the measured sound speeds showed negligible dispersion and were accurately described by Wood's effective medium model, which for the void fractions encountered is dependent only upon the ambient pressure, the void fraction, the sediment's bulk mass density, and the assumption that all the bubbles are smaller than resonance size at the highest frequency of interest. 2nd International Conference & Exhibition on "Underwater Acoustic Measurements: Technologies & Results"


A 30-year-old woman with thyrotoxicosis sustained an acute inferolateral-wall myocardial infarction complicated by severe mitral regurgitation and left ventricular wall dysfunction. No obvious predisposing factors were present, and coronary arteriography showed normal patent vessels. Coronary embolism or primary thrombosis in situ of the right coronary artery could explain the arteriographic findings. There is an infrequent association between thyrotoxicosis and acute myocardial infarction, and excess thyroid hormone may influence the extent of the myocardial infarct.


Objective:To understand the level of acknowledge and satisfaction about drug safety in the public and provide reference for decision of drug safety supervision.Methods:The method of random sampling was adopted to investigate the drug safety knowledge and satisfaction in the waiting or visiting personnel in Grade HI Class A hospitals by using a self-adrainistered questionnaire.Results:The public's drug safety knowledge percent of pass was 65.1%,and the average score was 6.25±2.17 points,but the public' s awareness about drug safety principle was very poor,and the qualified percent was only 33.8%.The cognitive answers were significantly different in different areas,different ages and different school record personnel(P0.01 ).But the overall cognitive scores were normally distributed.The multiple factor analysis showed that districts,ages and levels of education and awareness influenced the result.The investigation of drug safety satisfaction showed that persons of no satisfaction with drug safety accounted for 30.7%.In addition,people not receiving any drug safety training accounted for 68.7%,people as high as 79.5%used antibiotics and 74.2%of people demanded establishing a relief and compensation system.Conclusion:The public cognitive of safety in the drug use was low,antibiotics were widely misused and more than 30%staff was not satisfied with drug safety conditions.In future,we must strengthen the rational drug use examination and build a public education system and drug safety ADR relief and compensation system to ensure the safety of drug use.


The cover cracking process of rebar corrosion expansion in reinforced concrete was analyzed with cylindrical cavity expansion theory,and animation model was set up for this cover cracking process. By the animation model,the radius and pressing stress analytic equations on plastic zone borderline were deduced respectively for different rebar corrosion ratios in reinforced concrete. Based on cylindrical cavity expansion theory,the critical rebar corrosion ratio ρ(t) for reinforced concrete rebar corrosion cover cracking was presented with the rust counting model and the main factors' effects on this the critical rebar corrosion ratio ρ(t) model's properties were theoretically analyzed. The results show that the critical rebar corrosion ratio ρ(t) is directly relative to the concrete strength grade,relative covering depth and rust expansion rate. The critical rebar corrosion ratio ρ(t) increases quickly as the relative covering depth increases,the critical rebar corrosion ratio ρ(t) decreases quickly as the rust expansion rate increases,and the critical rebar corrosion ratio ρ(t) increases slowly as the concrete's strength grade increases. This animation model presents the basic theory for the concrete cover rust expansion cracking life prediction of Chlorides or carbonization aggression.


Academe Maid Possible: The Lived Experiences of Six Women Employed as Custodial Workers at a Research Extensive University Located in the Southwest. (December 2008) Becky Petitt, B.S., Sam Houston State University; M.Ed., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Yvonna S. Lincoln Dr. M. Carolyn Clark This qualitative study sought to understand the ways classism, as it intersects with racism and sexism, affects how low wage-earning women negotiate their work world in the academy and the way the academy functions to create, maintain, and reproduce the context within which oppression is able to emerge. Field research took place at State University, a pseudonym for a Land Grant, Research Extensive institution located in the Southwest. Through the lenses of critical theory and critical feminist theory the stories of six women employed as custodial workers, nine administrators employed at State University, and two State University employees involved in the community's Living Wage initiative, were analyzed. The lives of women employed as custodial workers are largely unremarked and undocumented, and the ways in which their work serves to make the academy possible have been unacknowledged. This study found that the job of cleaning in the traditional higher education environment is laced with challenges. The nature of the academy, the ethos and operation of State University, and the interlocking systems of classism, racism and sexism fuse together arrangements of power that simultaneously obliterate and render


6096 Background: Radiation therapy (XRT) following breast conserving surgery decreases local recurrence at the expense of additional morbidity and treatment costs. However, its utility in elderly women at low risk of recurrence has been questioned. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of adding XRT to hormonal therapy (HT) in women over 70 with stage I, hormone-receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer after breast conserving surgery. Methods: A decision tree model was used to assess the costs and benefits of XRT + HT versus HT alone in 10,000 women age 70+ with stage I HR+ breast cancer. Using a societal perspective, we considered medical costs and quality of life effects of initial treatment, recurrences, and metastatic disease as well as long-term XRT-associated complications including breast fibrosis, chronic pneumonitis and cardiac disease. Probabilities of recurrence and death were modeled on recent clinical trial results, while toxicity probabilities were taken from literature review. The primary...


To the Editor: The t(8;21) translocation with breaks at 8q22 and 21q22 is a frequent karyotypic abnormality found in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2. The translocation interrupts two genes, AMLl on chromosome 21 and ETO(MTG8) on chromosome 8, that are consequently fused in the derivative 8 chromosome to produce a novel chimeric gene AML1-ETO(MTG8) and message (1,2). The AMLl gene encodes a DNA binding protein (3). Erickson has reported that the ETO(MTG8) gene may encode a transcriptional factor (4). It has been shown that the ETO(MTG8) gene is not expressed in normal myeloid cells but becomes activated by this fusion (5). This suggests that the fusion protein derived from the chimeric AML1-ETO(MTG8) transcript may be involved in the leukemogenesis. A small population of cases with this translocation are classified as AML M4. We report here a case of AML M4 with t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation and molecular analysis for this translocation was performed. A 29-yr-old female was admitted to Osaka City University Hospital with fever in August 1994. Peripheral blood showed hemoglobin 8.0 g/dl, platelets 48,0OO/pl, and white blood cells 71,8OO/p1 with 83.0% leukemic cells. The bone marrow smears demonstrated the co-existence of myeloblasts (41%) and monoblasts (12%). The leukemic cells were positively stained for peroxidase. Cytochemically myeloblasts were positively stained for chloracetate esterase, and monoblasts were positively stained for butyrate esterase. Surface marker analysis revealed the 2 populations of the leukemic cells; 1 population showed positivity for CD13 and CD33, the other was positive for CD13, CD14, CD33 and CD36. These data supported a diagnosis of AML M4. Karyotyping of the leukemic cells showed a translocation between 8q22 and 21q22. To examine the translocation between 8q22 and 21q22 in detail, molecular analysis was performed. Total cellular RNA was isolated from heparinized bone marrow aspiration samples by the acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method (6). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed as described previously (7). The sequences of primers AML1-a (5'-AGCCATGAAGAACCAGG-3') and AML1-b (5'-TACCACAGAGCC ATCAAA-3') were derived from AMLl cDNA sequence. The sequence of primers ETO-a (5'-AGGCTGTAGGAGAATGG3') and ETO-b (5'-GTTGTCGGTGTAAATGAA-3') were derived from ETO(MTG8) cDNA sequences. cDNA was synthesized from 1 pg of total RNA. Thirty-five cycles of the first round PCR was performed on a GeneAmp PCR system 9600 (Perkin Elmer, Norwalk, CO) using the first PCR primers (AML1-a and ETO-a). Each cycle was carried out at 94°C for 30 s, 55°C for 30 s and 72°C for 30s. One-tenth of the first PCR products was used for a second round of amplification for further 35 cycles using a set of nested PCR primers (AML1-b and ETO-b). RT-PCR detected the AML1-ETO(MTG8) hybrid transcript in blast cells of this patient (Fig. 1). To clarify the breakpoint of the AML1-ETO(MTG8) hybrid transcript, DNA sequencing for the RT-PCR products was carried out. The amplified product was cloned into TA cloning vector (Invitrogen, SanDiego, CA) according to the supplier's manual. The cloned PCR products were sequenced using the T7 sequencing kit (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden). In this patient with AML M4, AML1-ETO(MTG8) hybrid transcript was fused at the same site as commonly found in the leukemic cells of patients with AML M2 (Fig. 2). The patient was treated with a combination chemotherapy which led to complete remission. She then was given bone marrow transplantation. Most of the cases with the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation are classified as AML M2. The occurrence of t(8;21) has been reported infrequently in other subtypes of AML (M1 and M4) (8) myelodysplastic syndrome (9), and the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (10). We report here a case of AML M4 with t(8;21) translocation and AML1ETO(MTG8) hybrid transcript which was fused at the quite same site as in cases of AML M2. The detailed mechanism of different phenotype


Political participation patterns is a key indicators for political democracy and political modernization.However,in the political reality,no matter in Western or Eastern country,there is a wide range of political apathy.To analyze the basic meaning of the political apathy and to reveal its cause,its proof positive and negative effects,has a critical mean-ing for us to have a proper attitude towards political apathy and enhance the development of our political system and democratic political.


Aim: To Compare the role of Terlipressin And Octreotide in Esophageal Varices Methods: 30 Cirrhotic Patients with esophageal variceal bleed were taken into consideration.15 Patients (Group A) were given Terlipressin in the does of 2g bolus i.v every 4 hours first 2 days.The dose is halved after bleeding controlled & maintained up to 5 days and other 15 Patients were given octreotide in the dose of initial IV bolus 50μg followed by a continuous infusion of 50μg per hour .The infusion maintained for 5 days.Two groups were compared for efficacy and safety. Result: Total 30 patients were included in the study.Baseline characteristics of two groups were comparable for age,Hb at presentation,Pulse rate,Systolic and Diastolic B.P.Statistical Analysis was done using unpaired T test. Conclusion: The efficacy of Terlipressin was not inferior to Octreotide as an adjuvant therapy for the control of esophageal variceal bleed.


Communist training schools offer a majority of programs for training communist officials.Moreover,they undertake academic researches on philosophy and social sciences.The paper focuses mainly on communist training school at county level.It recognizes that under the communist leadership of local government and centered on the major tasks of the party and state government,the local governments of counties have geared the training and education of communist officials to the requirements of local economic and social development.However,at new times,how to enhance the official's political quality,competence and the effectiveness of training has become a major subject of research in communist training schools.


not yet surpassed 101. F. The "peak" is the period when the rectal temperature is within one degree (Fahrenheit) of the highest value reached in the paroxysm. The "base" is defined as the period when the rectal temperature has subsided to 1010 F. or less. The "rise" is any time between the onset and the peak; the "fall" is any time between the peak and the base. Any period of six hours or longer between paroxysms is defined as the "interval."


There has been a lot of terrorist attacks on airports and airplanes in the world. To keep all passengers safe during their travel, airport security is known as a time consuming process. Spending a lot of time on security checks makes airline travel expensive both in time and in money. Therefore, it is very beneficial for passengers and airlines to optimize the security process under the premise of ensuring safety. In this paper, we focus on the resource allocation in security scan lane. We build a security flow model by using generalized stochastic Petri nets(GSPN). Then, we expend GSPN by queuing theory to describe the passengers flow in the airport security process. On this basis, we can well simulate the airport passenger flow during the security process. Under the condition of ensuring the security check item unchanged, according to the simulation results, we put forward some suggestions about the optimization of airport security process. On the whole, we put forward the point of combining queuing theory and Petri nets to study work flow, and successfully solved the optimization problem of airport security process.


The Natural Language Processing (NLP) community has been using crowd-sourcing techniques to create benchmark datasets such as General Language Understanding and Evaluation (GLUE) for training modern Language Models (LMs) such as BERT. GLUE tasks measure the reliability scores using inter-annotator metrics - Cohen's Kappa (K). However, the reliability aspect of LMs has often been overlooked. To counter this problem, we explore a knowledge-guided LM ensembling approach that leverages reinforcement learning to integrate knowledge from ConceptNet and Wikipedia as knowledge graph embeddings. This approach mimics human annotators resorting to external knowledge to compensate for information deficits in the datasets. Across nine GLUE datasets, our research shows that ensembling strengthens reliability and accuracy scores, outperforming state-of-the-art.


Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, cardiac anomalies, including an enlargement, soft heart as well as right ventricular hypertrophy, are collectively known as ascites syndrome of broilers. Ascites was first noticed as a problem in commercial poultry farms located at high altitude. There are four general factors in ascites fluid buildup, that is: vascular damage that allows capillaries to leak; blockage of the lymphatic system that prevents drainage; decreased plasma oncotic pressure, and increased vascular hydraulic pressure, which can be caused by several types of pathologies, including hepatic, cardiac or right atrioventricular and pulmonary hypertension. Most cases of these metabolic diseases seen in commercial poultry farm are due to pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension originates from various causes such as: environmental causes i.e., altitude, cold stress and incubator environment; management causes i.e., feed management, the form of feed, dietary content etc.; developmental causes i.e. growth rate, oxygen requirement, organ size and capacity, hematological parameters. All these factors cause ascites syndrome by inducing hypoxia in commercial birds. Genetic selection has great potential to influence and end ascites syndrome. In the past, genetic selection tools were used for rapid growth, high meat yield and good feed conversion. However, genetic selection may have aggravated the ascites problem and now it is the best solution for eliminating this metabolic disorder. With the advent of molecular genetics research and the development of genetic markers, it is possible to determine the exact genetic basis of ascites; genetic markers may be used to eliminate ascites syndrome from modern commercial broilers.


On the basis of current experimental evidence, there is no distinction between µ mesons and electrons other than a difference in rest mass. Electromagnetic interactions are identical since electrons and µ mesons have the same charge, and the hypothesis of a universal Fermi interaction, which asserts that they couple in exactly the same way in the weak interactions, has received considerable support by comparing β-decay phenomena with the decay of free µ mesons and µ capture in nuclei. An at least equally fruitful series of experiments for reassuring one about the validity of the universal interaction idea is the analysis of the decays of µ and K mesons into electrons and µ mesons. The details of such individual decays are not easily obtained theoretically, since they presumably involve strongly coupled virtual particles; however, the ratio of decay rates into electron modes and µ-meson modes may often be calculated exactly with no assumptions beyond saying that the weak interaction is local and may be treated in first order, and that the weak interaction is the same for electrons and µ mesons.(1)


Synthesis and antiviral activities are reported of a series of 6‐(3‐alkynyl benzyl)‐substituted analogues of MKC‐442 (6‐benzyl‐1‐(ethoxymethyl)‐5‐isopropyluracil), a highly potent agent against HIV. The 3‐alkynyl group is assumed to give a better stacking of the substituted benzyl group to reverse transcriptase (RT) and this was believed to improve antiviral activity against HIV‐1. The bromo derivatives, 5‐alkyl‐6‐(3‐bromo‐benzyl)‐1‐ethoxymethyl derivatives 7a, b and 5‐alkyl‐6‐(3‐bromobenzyl)‐1‐allyloxymethyl derivatives 9a, b, showed activity against HIV on the same level as their corresponding analogues 10a–d with a 3‐trimethylsilylalkynylbenzyl substituent and their desilylated analogues 11a–d. However, they all showed activity against HIV‐1 wild type in the range of more than 10fold lower than the one of MKC‐442. Moderate activity against Y181C and Y181C + K103N mutated strains was also observed and, in some cases, they were marginally better than those found for MKC‐442. A few amino‐DABO and S‐DABO analogues were also synthesized but they were found to be inactive against HIV.


Introduction. Currently, sheet metal is the main structural material for multi-purpose use. The actual task of the industry is to improve the quality of rolled sheet. It allows to ensure the necessary reliability of structures and products of especially critical use. The regulatory documents currently in force allow an ultrasonic testing of sheet metal by reflection or by transmission method. Due to lack of specific recommendations it becomes unclear which of the methods is preferable to use. Aim. An estimation of the maximum detectability of rolled sheet planar extended defects by reflection methods (echo method) and by transmission methods (shadow and mirror-shadow methods). Materials and methods . Based on analysis of the equations of acoustic paths, formulas were determined. The formulas allow one to evaluate an ultimate detectability of planar discontinuities of plate rolling by echo, shadow and mirror-shadow methods in a contact version by longitudinal waves. Experimental studies were conducted under computer simulation using the Mathcad mathematical package. Results. Integral expressions for calculating of amplitudes of echo signal from a plane defect, of bottom signal in defect-free and defective areas and their ratio for the echo method were obtained. The expressions for calculating of amplitudes of transmitted and bottom signals in defective and defect-free areas and their ratio for shadow and mirror-shadow methods were determined. Based on the numerical analysis, an estimation of the maximum detectability of planar extended defects of sheet metal was realized. It is possible to detect defects with a thickness of 5 pm by reflection methods and with a thickness more than 100 pm by transmission methods. Conclusion . It was established that reflection methods have better capabilities for detecting plane defects by longitudinal waves. The conditions for reducing of the thickness of the equivalent layer associated with an increase in transducers wave size were determined. It was shown that in order to detect defects with a small thickness, it is more expedient to give preference to the echo method of ultrasonic testing.


The stability of the light source is a key factor affecting the precision of Fiber-Optic Gyroscope(FOG). Considering the characteristics of driving of the light source of FOG,the precise constant current source,temperature con-trol and light power control are designed.The testing results indicates that,while in a ambient temperature range of -20℃~+60℃,the presented technology can yield a current precision as high as 0.01%,a temperature control precision of 0.01℃,and a variety of light power less than 0.04%,with improvement of more quantitive level than the conventional driving cir-cuit of the light source.


In order to research the effects of urban rail transit on real estate value,first, this paper introduces the concept and characteristics of urban rail transit,then sorts out the influence factors of the real estate value and points out the primary factor, which is the rail transit. Through building mathematical function model, we discover that property value and the rail transit are the differential multiple relationships. The study benefits the research and practice in related industries.


Multiarmed, cardanol-based acrylate oligomers were prepared via the ring-opening reaction between cardanyl glycidyl ether (CGE) and polyacids, followed by epoxidization of the unsaturation in alkyl side chains of cardanol segments, and acrylation of the resulting epoxy groups. Biobased coatings were produced from UV-radiation-initiated curing of these acrylates; the coating properties were then characterized in detail. The acrylate oligomers were fully characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The UV-curing behavior of these acrylates was determined using real-time IR. The results indicated that the conversion of acrylate unsaturation increased with increasing oligomer functionality. These oligomers were formulated into UV-curable coatings, and the coating properties were evaluated to determine hardness, adhesion, chemical resistance, gloss, and surface properties. The properties of cured thermos...


On a conventional nursery bed, the seeds of Litsea cubeba are usually difficult to germinate hut are easy to turn rotten. This phenom-enum is caused mainly by the essential oils such as citral contained within the seeds. To solve this problem the author has conducted a seed germination test. The dormant state of the seed can be stopped and the seed germination can thus be started by timely modulating the seeds by means of having them treated with 3%H2O2 before stratification.


U Special operations Forces (SoF) have played a key role in the wars in iraq and afghanistan, as well as in the broader U.S. effort to destroy al Qaeda and its violent extremist allies. in fact, over the past eight years SoF have experienced their most extensive and transformative use of the modern era. Still, these strategic national assets are not yet fully optimized for success.1 The current list of SoF core activities, for example, can hinder SoF effectiveness by conflating missions with activities.2


Summary The objective of this study was to screen for the hepatoprotective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) against lead acetate intoxication in mice. For this purpose, animals were randomized into control and experiment groups. Mice of the experimental group were administered ascorbic acid (400 mg/kg of body weight/ animal) orally once in a day for 7 consecutive days. Animals were then treated with lead acetate (intraperitoneally) on 7 th day, one hour after ascorbic acid administration. These were then autopsied at various post-treatment intervals (6 hrs to 20 days) to examine quantitative as well as qualitative alterations in the liver. Results from the present investigation reveal a certain degree of histopathological and biochemical alterations caused by lead due to impaired oxidantantioxidant balance and enhanced oxidative stress. It was observed that ascorbic acid treatment prior to lead intoxication reduced the depletion in the normal hepatocytes count and the elevation in binucleate as well as abnormal hepatocytes in comparison to their respective control. Also, supplementation of ascorbic acid ameliorated the biochemical alterations i.e., glycogen, cholesterol and protein, in the liver of mice. A fall in glutathione level was noted in blood and liver in mice; whereas administration of Vitamin C significantly (p<0.05) reduced the level of glutathione in the Vitamin C treated experimental group as compared to the control.


The regularities of forests transformation under the conditions of a large industrial city have been studied. The parameters of surface cover in pine forests within and out the bounds of the city have been compared, the variants with and without recreation load have been considered in each case under study. It is ascertained that most of phytocenotic parameters are influenced by the complex of factors of city environment (air pollution, changes of microclimate, various introducents and so on), while recreation has a negative impact only on the projective cover and the phytomass of moss storey.


The Rincon Bayou Pipeline became operational in 2007 and delivers Nueces River water to the Nueces Delta via the Rincon Bayou. Salinity was monitored during 3 pumping events to identify the spatial and temporal effects of the pumped freshwater to the Rincon Bayou Channel and to areas outside of the channel proper. The spatial extent of the pumped freshwater lowered salinity beyond the Rincon Bayou Channel to connecting marsh areas and salinities remained below hypersaline levels 8 to 16 days after pumping ceased. The results of this new and innovative way of delivering freshwater to the Nueces Delta has proved to be a valuable management tool for minimizing the duration of hypersaline conditions within the estuary. Water resource management decision-makers can use this information for developing strategies to optimize freshwater inflow needs to the estuary while balancing the freshwater demands for humans.

Citation: Hill EM, Tunnell JW, Nicolau BA. 2014. Spatial and temporal effects of the Rincon Bayou Pipeline on hypersaline conditions in the Lower Nueces Delta, Texas, USA. Texas Water Journal. 6(1):11-32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v6i1.6998.


In this paper, a typical "sandwich" disk-resistive film ultra-broadband Metamaterial Absorber (MA) is designed. The MA has a bandwidth of 17.2 Ghz, the top layer consists of nine disk-shaped resistance films, the dielectric layer is FR-4, and the bottom is all-loss-metal Al. The geometry parameters of unit cell is optimized using full finite-integral method and the simulation is done by CST2015 Microwave Studio software. The simulation shows that the average absorption both of TE and TM wave is greater than 90% from 22.6Ghz to 43.4Ghz. The results also show that the MA is insensitive to polarization. The absorption is more than 90% from 26.992Ghz to 42.6Ghz when the incident angle is from 0° to 45°. In addition, we also numerically studied the wave absorption with different thickness of dielectric layer, we found that when the thickness is 1 mm, the MA has the best absorption characteristics. Finally, the surface current distribution with a peak value of 27.3 Ghz is given, and shows that there is significant magnetic resonance inside the particle.


This paper presents a data encryption/decryption algorithm based on a one-dimensional Linear Hybrid Cellular Automaton (LHCA) with a combination of rule 90 and 150. The proposed solution is a stream cipher algorithm that uses a symmetric key to encrypt and decrypt a given amount of data. Hardware implementation was used to simulate the proposed algorithm operation and the experimental results are presented for different data to illustrate correctness of encryption and decryption processes. Design and simulations have been performed using VHDL hardware description language for FPGA implementation and C# programming language for application that communicates with the board.


In situ conservation of different cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta) implies many problems such as climatic risks, diseases, devastators and financial difficulties. This work contributes to the maintenance of RB 89509 variety of Manihot esculenta through in vitro culture. Two cultures media were used: medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) added with activated carbon. The effects of activated carbon were studied on the growth parameters (number of leaves, number of roots, number of nodes, height of stem, length of internodes, length of principal root) of plantlets aged of twenty months. The results show that the average number of leaves, the average number of nodes and the length of main root are more significant at the plantlets present on medium containing the activated carbon; while the number of roots, the height of stem and the length of internodes are more significant at the plantlets present on medium without activated carbon. Moreover, it is noted an drying of the plantlets on the medium without activated carbon. The activated carbon allowed a better conservation of the plantlets.


Six hundred and sixteen specimens were collected from black children hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis during the summer and autumn of 1982–1983 (October to May). Eighty‐five children (13.8%) shed rotavirus and at least 40 (6.5%) shed adenovirus (Ad) type 40 or 41 belonging to subgroup F. The highest monthly prevalence of shedding subgroup F adenoviruses (10.1%) coincided with a peak in admissions in midsummer, whereas the highest monthly prevalence of shedding rotaviruses (41.9%) coincided with a peak in admissions in autumn. There were at least five genome types of rotavirus, at least three genome types of Ad40, and at least five genome types of Ad41 circulating in the Johannesburg‐Soweto area during the study period. The high rate of rotavirus shedding in autumn could not be attributed to an upsurge in infections by any particular rotavirus strain.


on the ipsilateral side due to the adhesions or dense fissures caused by the initial anatomic pulmonary resection, a few reports describe surgical techniques to overcome the difficulty, especially with a thoracoscopic approach, which is considered less invasive than the alternative of a thoracotomy. Here, we focus on thoracoscopic right upper (RU) lobectomy after an initial anatomic pulmonary resection of the right lower lobe, and explain the nuances of performing it. Video description: We performed a thoracoscopic RU lobectomy after a lower lobectomy (Case 1, a 70-year-old male, disease: metastatic lung cancer, operation time: 260min, blood loss: a small amount, duration of postoperative drainage: 2 days, morbidity: pneumonia) or lateral and posterior basal segmentectomy (Case 2, a-69-year-old male, disease: metastatic lung cancer, operation time: 270min, blood loss: 100 g, duration of postoperative drainage: 4 days, morbidity: none). The video presents the surgery for Case 1. First, the adhesions between the upper lobe and chest wall were detached. The fissure between the upper and middle lobes had fused. Therefore, we adopted a fissureless approach to avoid any postoperative air leakage or incidental injury to the pulmonary arteries while dissecting tissue at the fissure. With the upper lobe retracted posteriorly, the upper lobe vein and anterior pulmonary artery trunk to the upper lobe were divided. After dividing the upper lobe bronchus using a stapler, the ascending artery was divided. Finally, the dense fissure was divided using staplers. An intraoperative sealing test revealed no air-leakage. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic RU lobectomy after an initial anatomic pulmonary resection of the right lower lobe is safe and feasible. A fissureless technique is useful in such cases to avoid incidental injury of the pulmonary arteries at the fissure or any postoperative air leakage. Disclosure: No significant relationships.


Reducing the high cost of hardware testing with analytical methods has been highly accelerated in the automotive industry. This paper discusses an analytical model to simulate the driveline boom test for the transverse engine with all wheel drive configuration on a front-wheel drive base (TFWD/AWD). Driveline boom caused by engine firing frequency that excites the bending mode of the propeller shaft becomes a noise and vibration issue for the design of TFWD/AWD driveline. The major source of vibrations and noise under the investigation in this paper is the dominant 3 r d order engine torque pulse disturbance that excites the bending of the propeller shaft, the bending of the powertrain and possible the bending of the rear halfshaft. All other excitation sources in this powertrain for a 60° V6 engine with a pushrod type valvetrain are assessed and NVH issues are also considered in this transient dynamic model. There exist the 2 n d order unbalanced rotating couples (yaw and pitch respective to the engine coordinate system) due to the reciprocating mass of the pistons and connecting rods, and the 1½ order valvetrain unbalanced rolling moment (respective to the engine coordinate system). A nonlinear Multi-body System Simulation (MSS) combined with a linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in time domain was used as a numerical tool for the evaluation of the mount vibrations at the propeller shaft center bearing at the suspected path for N&V. Finally, the TFWD/AWD boom analytical model was built using DADS* and validated with test results.


In the early 1990s, on a panel at a Society for Disability Studies annual meeting and trying to model in some way the AIDS quilt, I shared a few names and a couple of stories of friends who had passed on. Afterwards, people shared some of their own names and stories...


Objective:This paper presents some concepts about psychoanalytic theory and device group of Pichon-Riviere and seeks to contribute to equip the work in this area in health institutions. Source and synthesis of data: The study is based on the assumption that the group uses a technique capable of providing the manifestation of the effects of the unconscious, allowing to provide psychoanalytical orientation. The study begins with the professional work of the authors, bringing their experience of a Phd project dealing with the issue of teenage groups, trying to articulate some fragments of a clinical group with preadolescents with psychoanalytic concepts. Conclusion: We believe that the operative group is a really enriched context, in order to provide conditions in terms of prevention and health promotion for pre-teens.


A data set in machine learning is simply a table representing collections of entries. Each entry, has attributes of which can be thought as the columns in a table. A label describes the class or category of an entry. For binary labels each entry may posses a class label of 0 or 1 of which can be thought of as negative or positive labels. Model and classifier are used synonymously. Two phases are involved in supervised learningthe training phase and testing phase. The training phase uses a training data set to build a model. The testing phase involves using the model to predict entries from the test data set. After using the model to predict a label, if the predicted label is wrong we describe this as a misclassification. The accuracy rate is the percentage of test set entries that are correctly classified by the model. The accuracy rate is used to summarize the number of correct classifications or misclassifications when comparing different implementations. My work was on using Dafny for the verification of the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm, one of the most popular machine learning algorithm repository on Github.


Intermediate operations methods of the magnetron oscillatory system electro-dynamic parameters express control are stated. Operations introduction in technological process of magnetron manufacturing does not demand additional equipment and allows to withdraw technological spoilage in due time from production.


The previous issue of the Virginia Epidemiology Bulletin described the prevention and control of influenza. This current article presents the reader with diagnostic considerations in distinguishing influenza and other influenza-like illnesses from inhalational anthrax. Much of this article is adapted from the November 9, 2001, issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ("Notice to Readers: Considerations for Distinguishing Influenza-Like Illness from Inhalational Anthrax").1


A control scheme is developed in which efficiency is optimized over a wide range of loads for a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter. A simple control strategy is proposed to adjust both the converter conversion ratio and switching dead times to maintain high efficiency in the presence of varying loads. To demonstrate feasibility of the proposed control method, experimental results are presented for a 150-to-12 V, 120 W, 1 MHz prototype converter which has 97.4% peak efficiency and maintains greater than 90% efficiency over a load range between 20 W and 120 W.


[Objective] This study aimed to study the effect of different free chlorine concentration and exposure time on bacterial inactivation as well as cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). [Methods] Inactivation behaviors of autochthonous bacteria from river water were investigated with flow cytometry (FCM). Total cell counts (TCC), intact cell counts (ICC) and intracellular and extracellular (ATP) were analyzed during the chlorination process. [Results] The results showed that both chlorine concentration and exposure time influenced the removal efficiency of bacteria. At a low concentration of chlorine (<2 mg/L), a prolonged exposure time was needed to achieve a high removal efficiency of bacteria. In contrast, at a high concentration of chlorine (≥2 mg/L), inactivation 毛冠男等: 余氯对河流水体微生物灭活效应的评价 2331 Tel: 010-64807511; E-mail: email@example.com; http://journals.im.ac.cn/wswxtbcn of more than 90% of bacteria could be achieved within a short exposure time (i.e. 1 min). The results also indicated high nucleic acid (HNA) content bacteria were more vulnerable than low nucleic acid (LNA) content bacteria during the chlorination process. Furthermore, it was observed that concentration of intracellular ATP decreased with increasing chlorine doses. However, the increase of extracellular ATP was only recorded at high chlorine doses (≥2 mg/L). [Conclusion] Chlorination resulted in a decrease of ICC, and reduction of bacterial activity with increasing chlorine concentration. The results demonstrated that FCM and ATP measurements are useful and fast tools to assess inactivation kinetics of indigenous riverine bacteria during the chlorination treatment.


Optimal designs of stepped real impedance transformers (IT) with tapered stubs (NS) are presented. Comparative analysis of matching band, reflection coefficient in band and length of stepped IT with NS and uniform stubs (US) is made. It was shown that considered designs have lesser reflection coefficient in matching band and, which is more important, the length of NS less than length of US.


We show, with numerical verification, how an ensemble of Rubidium atoms can be made to behave like a single particle with only two energy levels, i.e., a quantum bit, by using Rydberg-interaction assisted light-shift blockade.


The goal of higher vocational business English education is to cultivate applied talents who can participate in international business activity,using English language as their working language.Higher vocational business English has its unique linguistic phenomenon,including vocabulary,sentence expression and structure,style,etc.To set up an applied mode for business English talents with the employment-orientation,we should persist in the combination of English language with business knowledge,skills,professional theory with business practice,which reflect the practical characteristics of business field.


A number of benign EEG patterns are often misinterpreted as interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) because of their epileptiform appearances, one of them is wicket spike. Differentiating wicket spike from IEDs may help in preventing epilepsy misdiagnosis. The temporal location of IEDs and wicket spike were chosen from 143 EEG recordings. Amplitude, duration and angles were measured from the wave triangles and were used as the variables. In this study, linear discriminant analysis is used to create the formula to differentiate wicket spike from IEDs consisting spike and sharp waves. We obtained a formula with excellent accuracy. This study emphasizes the need for objective criteria to distinguish wicket spike from IEDs to avoid misreading of the EEG and misdiagnosis of epilepsy.


Internet of Things integrates objects with unique addressing schemes to their digital processing platforms via communicating network to create advanced control application systems with minimum human interaction. Internet of Things network is expected to have a device/object base of around 212 billion by the year 2020. Such a huge base of devices demands special security mechanisms. The security lags of the hardware and software components of the devices involved comprise to the overall security threat to the Internet of Things paradigm. Internet of Things in its basic form is a three-layered architecture, having physical, network and application layers. This paper discusses the potential attacks on the Internet of Things at each layer of its basic architecture while providing insights about their severity and impact over an Internet of Things network. The paper further elaborates on solutions about the physical security of the Internet of Things devices under a constrained environment and the need for security in the network section where protocols for routing and encryption are implemented. The paper also reviews the solutions at the application level focusing on the valid access to data available on mobile and web interface. Finally, the paper concludes with the discussion regarding the current security scenario and future directions.


First discussed are the structural outline of the Caspian coasts and the several raised terraces. Submarine topography is very broadly oUtlined, as is the direction of currents (mostly counterclockwise in the central and southern CaSpian). Next, the authors consider the material contributed by rivers; the Volga brings in ¾ of the water, but the bulk of the sediment is contributed by the Terek and Kura which drain the Caucasus. There is a little quantitative data on the contribution of wind-blown material. The Caspian bottom sediments are mapped on the classification set up by Klenova (1931) which is based on the amount of material finer than 0.01 mm. Using this system, mud occupies the bulk of the Caspian floor grading to sand around the shoreline, with some carbonate mud along the shallow eastern part of the Caspian. In size analysis, each sample is divided into five fractions (over 1 mm, 1 to 0.1, 0.1 to 0.05, 0.05 to 0.01, and finer than 0.01 mm) and the results are plotted as histograms. Each main sed...


Inelastic electron scattering from light atomic species is of fundamental importance and has significant applications in fusion-plasma modeling. Therefore, it is of interest to apply advanced nonperturbative, close-coupling methods to the determination of electron-impact excitation for these atoms. Here we present the results of R matrix with pseudostate (RMPS) calculations of electron-impact excitation cross sections through the n=4 terms in Be, Be{sup +}, Be{sup 2+}, and Be{sup 3+}. In order to determine the effects of coupling of the bound states to the target continuum in these species, we compare the RMPS results with those from standard R-matrix calculations. In addition, we have performed time-dependent close-coupling calculations for excitation from the ground and the metastable terms of Be{sup +} and the metastable term of Be{sup 3+}. In general, these results are found to agree with those from our RMPS calculations. The full set of data resulting from this work is now available on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Controlled Fusion Atomic Data Center web site, and will be employed for collisional-radiative modeling of Be in magnetically confined plasmas.


This article investigates the dielectric properties of mixed oils [i.e., blending of mineral oil (MO) and vegetable oil (VO)] and their nanofluids at different temperatures by time- and frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS). Semiconducting-type nanoparticles, TiO2 (titania), and insulating-type nanoparticles, Al2O3 (alumina), are selected for dispersing within mixed oils to prepare mixed oil-based nanofluids. The quality of the prepared samples with different oils is investigated by comparing the corresponding experimental results obtained through ac breakdown voltage (BDV), viscosity, and dielectric spectroscopy. From time-domain spectroscopy, nonlinearity and activation energy are estimated for those prepared samples. Thereafter, a statistical regression model is proposed to investigate the temperature dependency of the dielectric parameters such as real part of complex permittivity and tan $\delta $ . BDV can be enhanced up to 27.13% with dispersion of TiO2 in the mixed oil. Again, by dispersing Al2O3 in mixed oil, viscosity and nonlinearity in the conduction current can be reduced nearly 34% and 54%, respectively, whereas activation energy can be enhanced by 22.7%.


Abstract Equations of motion for non-proportionally damped structures cannot be decoupled by using the real normal modes. For such structures, the complex normal modes are in common use for this purpose, but for the validation of finite element mass and stiffness matrices where physical damping matrices are not available, the related experimental real normal modes must be known. In previous publications, an identification theory using the real normal modes and the non-diagonal modal damping matrix for the non-proportionally damped system and some applications with the computer code ISSPA were presented. However, the theory cannot assure the symmetry of the identified modal damping matrix, which must be theoretically symmetric. In this paper, a method for identifying the symmetric non-proportional modal damping matrix using undamped modal parameters obtained from ISSPA is presented and the validity of the method is demon-strated through both numerical and experimental examples.


Objective To explore the prognosis of patients with Primary center nervous lymphoma.Methors In the period of 1995 to 2002,17 patients with Primary center nervous Iymphoma were treated and the therapentre effects were reviewed.There were three patients in stage I,nine in stage II,and five patients in stage III and Ⅳ.Results The five-year survival rates were 47.1%,while the 5-year survival rates by stage were 66.7%,40.0% for stage I,II respectively and 0 for stage III and Ⅳ.Conclusion The prognosis of primary Primary Primary center nervous Iymphoma get better affcter multi-modality treatment,and postorchidecto my chemotherapy is necessary for stage I and stage II patients.


THROMBOCYTOPENIA may result from impaired production of platelets, increased destruction of platelets or a combination of these factors. At the present time this etiologic distinction is generally made on the basis of the number and appearance of the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Rarely, a more exact classification can be made only after performance of platelet-survival studies.1 Platelets are rich in the enzyme acid phosphatase,2 3 4 5 and therefore their excessive destruction in vivo might lead to elevations in the plasma levels of this enzyme. In a group of patients with thrombocytopenia from a variety of causes the assay of acid phosphatase . . .


The terminals of e-Book(electronic Book) are classified into two types which consist of special-purpose terminal equipment and general-purpose terminal equipment. Although the terminal products inr the two types have had a strong race in the e-Book market each other, both enterprises and consumers want the two type to remain persistently with competition in good faith. Therefore, it is necessary for each type camps to find blue ocean by establishing differentiation strategies of each type. In this paper, we designed the research model that independent variables consist of hardware quality and software quality, dependent variable is user satisfaction, moderator variable is the terminal type. Through the research model, we investigated factors having a influence on the user satisfaction of the e-Book terminal that consists of hardware and software. In particular, we investigated if the degree of the influence is different between the two types. As a result, we got conclusions as followings. First, the quality of hardware and software in the terminal had significant influences on the user satisfaction. Second, the degree which the hardware quality has influenced user satisfaction was not different between the two types, but the degree which the software quality has influence on user satisfaction was different between the two types. As a implication of this result, we found that special-purpose terminal provider need to establish a strategies for raising the quality of e-Book viewer to provide different product from general-purpose terminal.


We have studied the prevalence of the fra (X) and of the autosomal fragile sites fra (10) (q25) and fra (16) (q22) in patients from an institute for the mentally retarded in Italy. We found six cases (1.9%) of fra (10) (q25) and 9 (2.9%) of fra (16) (q22). The study of the fra (X) was restricted to a subgroup of 91 males who did not have other chromosome anomalies or variants, and led to the discovery of 4 fra (X) cases. These 4 had the Martin-Bell syndrome; 3 of them were epileptic and had a characteristic EEG pattern originating during sleep from the temporal lobe not previously described in fra (X) mental retardation.


Eu is completely recovered from BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (I) by disintegration via alkaline fusion using NaOH and (I) in a 1:1 mass ratio for ball milling followed by heating (Fe crucible, 150-375 °C, 2 h).


This paper deals with the two-body problem in a photogravitational field, using a model introduced by Constantin Popovici (1923). Using Valeev and Scheglov's (1965) transformations, the differential equations of motion are obtained under an nonlinear autonomous form. The equilibrium solutions of this system of equations are determined and their stability is investigated. Numerical simulations are also considered.


: In the growing field of education and teaching, improving student learning requires a shift in teacher professional development training, which help teachers embrace innovative sources of knowledge and teaching strategies in an active learning environment. It will strengthen teacher's capacity for collaborative learning and improve student learning and promote the school curriculum.. This paper analyses the potential of lesson study in an American elementary school to help teachers work more collaboratively.


This paper presents an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving-average (ARFIMA) model of nominal exchange rates and compares its forecasting capability with the monetary structural models and the random walk model. Monthly observations are used for Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom for the period of April 1973 through December 1998. The estimation method is Sowell's (1992) exact maximum likelihood estimation. The forecasting accuracy of the long-memory model is formally compared to the random walk and the monetary models, using the recently developed Harvey, Leybourne and Newbold (1997) test statistics. The results show that the long-memory model is more efficient than the random walk model in steps-ahead forecasts beyond 1 month for most currencies and more efficient than the monetary models in multi-step-ahead forecasts. This new finding strongly suggests that the long-memory model of nominal exchange rates be studied as a viable alternative to the conventional models. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


modulation of the gut microbiota composition, induction of oncogenic and pro-inflammatory factors and impairment of epithelial barrier. This study provides new insight into obesity-promoting colorectal carcinogenesis, at least in part by causing gut microbiome dysbiosis.


By using the preformed carbene-copper catalyst the reaction proceeds in shorter reaction times and in slightly better yields in comparison to the also realized one-pot reactions with the carbene precursor and copper chloride.


The role of thyroid scintigraphy in ruling out thyroiditis in patients with thyrotoxicosis is well known. However its role in prognostic decision-making with regards to lifelong thyroxin replacement has not been critically evaluated. We undertook a retrospective analysis in this regard. Totally 62 patients of thyroiditis were retrospectively evaluated with respect to clinical findings, thyroid hormonal profile, thyroid scan findings and long term follow-up to 5 yrs. The thyroid scan was performed with 99m TcO ~. The scan appearances varied from low uptake to very high intense uptake. Those with low uptake were classified as acute thyroiditis while those with high intense uptake were classified as resolving phase of thyroiditis. 46 of 62 patients had thyrotoxic hormonal profile and scan showed low uptake pattern. While in remaining 16 patients the scan showed high tracer uptake with raised TSH value suggesting resolving phase of thyroiditis. In this group, 4 patients (25%) with high uptake on thyroid scan and high TSH values did not undergo thyroxin replacement therapy during 1 to 3 years of follow up. This is an intriguing finding and raises critical question about life long thyroxin replacement in these patients based only on TSH values. Our study suggests that patients with high TSH values and high uptake on thyroid scan would need clinical observation without the thyroxin replacement therapy on the routine basis.


Plant genetic resources (PGR) are building block for genetic improvement to develop climate- resilient varieties in agri-horticultural crops. Use of genetic resources depends upon the availability of information and material in public domain to ensure the accessibility of the germplasm to the breeders. While access is of paramount significance, equally important is the recognition of the breeders/researchers who had developed/identified the trait-specific germplasm and establish the ownership of the same in view of Intellectual Property Rights. Indian Council of Agricultural Research has established a mechanism to register the trait-specific germplasm through National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources to address the above concerns. During last 15 years, about 1 030 accessions of various 186 agri-horticultural crops have been registered so far for particular trait(s). This paper reviews the status trait-specific germplasm registered for major cereals, millets, oilseeds, legumes and vegetable crops by breeders/researchers during last 15 years. While giving brief account on history of PGR registration and trend of registration of germplasm, in-depth analyses were attempted to disseminate the information about trait-specific germplasm available in public domain for use in crop improvement programmes. The information on most-sought-after traits by breeders in various crops were also collected, collated and presented which may be useful to identify and register the new potentially valuable trait-specific germplasm to use the same to develop new climate-resilient crop varieties in future.


Human cancers have somatic mutations composed of genetic sequences that are moved within the genome, modified, lost, or amplified in copy number. Although many genetic alterations have no apparent impact on cancer progression, 1 other genetic changes play critical roles in the disease process. Gene amplification, the process of duplicating a particular genetic sequence within the genome, has been shown to play a functionally important role in the development and progression of several human cancers including breast cancer. The additional genetic sequences in gene amplification take the form of a tandem array containing many copies of a repeating unit. The tandem repeated segments of genomic DNA are either arranged as extrachromosomal units (double minute chromosomes), or the tandem repeated array is integrated into the genome as a component of a chromosome (homogenously staining region), thus facilitating transmission to daughter cells. Not every gene in such a repeating genomic array is expressed, but for those genes that are expressed the level of expression is increased with increasing gene amplification. 2


Many previous studies in the field of metamaterial absorbers have showed either wide or narrow absorption bandwidth. In this study, we propose a new electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with an appropriate bandwidth. In addition, the absorption turns out to be insensitive to the polarization of incident electromagnetic wave, and maintains a greatly high absorption even at a large incident angle such as 45 degrees. The absorption band can be adjusted easily with the parameters of structure, and the absorber itself is also flexible, which is good for the practical applications. We believe that the design concept provides a new candidate for some fields where the absorption bandwidth is required specifically, and this suggested absorber can be applied in many practical fields, additionally because of the low cost and superior performance.


The present study has been undertaken to understand the perception and attitude of the green consumer towards FMCG products. A structure questionnaire is developed on the basis of 21 environmental parameters and 308 respondents are surveyed. Principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis have been used to investigate the most substantial factors and their influencing level on green consumer's buying behaviour and Bayesian probabilistic network is applied to frame a model for the FMCG marketers to implement policy on the basis of different scenario and causal analysis.


JOSEPH R. ROTMAN. The theory of groups. An introduction. Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston 1965, xiii + 305 pp. This is a beginning textbook on group theory. Of special interest to the readers of this JOURNAL is Chapter 12, which gives a proof of J. L. Britton that the word problem for groups is recursively unsolvable. Certainly this text should be very welcome in that it makes the word problem result easily accessible—to the student as well as the mature mathematician. Britton has given two rather different proofs of the unsolvability of the word problem; the first, consisting of XXXII 126(2) and XXIX 205(1) taken together, is extremely difficult, and the second, XXIX 205(2), is extremely easy. It is of course this second very transparent proof which Rotman uses. All the group-theoretic developments needed for Britton's argument are given earlier in the book. Chapter 12 (pages 256-280) begins with a discussion of the basic notions of finitely presented group, the solvability of the word problem for a particular presentation, and Turing machines. Quite commendably, exercises are given to orient the reader unfamiliar with either the algebraic or logical side of matters. Britton's XXIX 205(2) depends on Post's XII 90. Rotman does not supply a full proof of this result of Post but he does give a sketch proof both for this result and for a variant of the halting problem for Turing machines. This gap certainly imposes no great burdens on the uninitiated reader for he can, at this point, turn to the textbooks Kleene XIX 215, Davis XXIII 432, or Hermes XXXI 254 (English translation by Springer Verlag, 1965) to see the argument in full for Post's result. Or, alternatively, in view of the complete clarity of Post XII 90 he can turn directly to this original paper for Post's result, picking up the Turing machine result on which XII 90 is based either from one of the excellent textbooks just mentioned or some other available source about Turing machines. Rotman then launches into Britton's argument. The minor modifications made are all in the direction of removing what is not relevant to showing the unsolvability of the word problem. Thus Rotman makes no explicit mention of the strong isomorphism condition in the sense of Britton (although this condition is stated by Rotman on page 268 in the paragraph immediately preceding his Lemma 12.3) and he drops, in his Lemma 12.4 (p. 269) the reference to A(v) and B(v) that is made by Britton in the conclusion of his corresponding Lemma 4. Rotman also omits the Appendix (pp. 29-31 of XXIX 205(2)). While it turns out that, for subsequent research, certain of this material is required or best presented as it was originally stated by Britton, it should be a trivial matter for the interested reader to pick up these points from XXIX 205(2) itself once he has mastered Rotman's version. WILLIAM W. BOONE


Psoriasis is a T-cell mediated inflammatory skin disease, characterized by circumscribed erythematous plaques, covered by silvery micaceous scales. It is known to be triggered by a number of factors including drugs. Drugs may either cause de novo psoriasis or responsible for aggravating preexisting psoriasis. The morphological types can vary from localized or generalized plaque psoriasis to pustular psoriasis and even erythroderma. In this work, we report the case of a 45-year-old male patient who developed localized psoriasis following treatment with iodine131 for hyperthyroidism. Based on history, clinical pictures, localized examination and histopathological findings with psoriasiform changes favoured the diagnosis. He was treated with topical steroid with clobetasol propionate (0.05%) and salicylic acid (6%) combination for 1 month following which lesions resolved. We suspected that the mechanism behind this is due to activation of dihydrofolate reductase by radioactive iodine. Further study about the folic acid pathway in psoriasis and the connection between radioactive iodine with psoriasis may be necessary.