In this research, the author hypothesizes that the selection of job-housing proximity measures can bring about different quantitative relationships between job-housing proximity and commuting. He constructs job-housing proximity measures for sub-regions of Atlanta and Boston using 'journey to work' data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses as reported (at the census tract level of aggregation) in the corresponding U.S. Census Transportation Planning Packages (CTPP). He then compares the spatial patterns of job-housing proximity, represented by different measures, as well as their relationship to commuting distances. Since different observations about the commuting impacts of job-housing proximity might stem from the selection of different regions or the selection of different years for the same region, the author examines consistent journey-to-work data for 1980, 1990, and 2000 for both metro areas.


The talks presented in the working group ``Heavy flavours'' of the DIS-2009 workshop are summarised. New and recently updated results from theory, proton antiproton and heavy ion colliders, as well from HERA and $e^+e^-$ colliders are discussed.


The existed work shows that TCP has serious unfairness problem in multiple congested router. To improve TCP fairness, some queue management schemes, such as FRED, Balanced RED, have been developed to solve this problem, but most of them require to maintain per-flow state in routers. In our previous work, we have designed a two-category classifier for Active Queue Management (AQM) to enhance TCP fairness. Although it can achieve better TCP fairness in multiple congested router, it requires some modification to TCP header. Because it is incompatible for the standard TCP, it lacks of feasibility. In this paper, we will utilize TTL field in IP header to improve TCP fairness. A three-dimensional two-category classifier is designed by extending our previous work, and a based-hops fairness enhancement algorithm (BHFE) for AQM is developed. Simulation results show that it is not only effective to enhance TCP fairness in multiple congested router but also very well to keep queue length stable and small. Moreover, a very important advantage of BHFE is that it does not requires per-flow state in router and any modifications to the standard TCP/IP.


A hierarchy of segmentations(partitions) is a multiscale set representation of the image. This paper introduces a new set of scale space operators or transformations on the space of hierarchies of partitions. An ordering of hierarchies is proposed which is endowed by an ω-ordering based on a global energy over the classes of the hierarchy. A class of Matheron semigroups are shown to exists in this ordering of hierarchies. A second contribution is the saliency transformation which fuses a saliency function corresponding to a hierarchy, with an external function, rendering a new or transformed saliency function. The results are demonstrated on the Berkeley dataset.


The Accelerated Learning Program (ALP) began in the Wake County Public School System (WCPSS) in 1999-2000 as an out-of-school time intervention to support students scoring below grade level. Since then, flexibility in use of these funds has increased, along with the percentage of schools using the funds to support low achievers during the school day. In 2002-03, over 70% of traditional calendar schools reported providing at least a portion of their ALP services during the school day, followed by after-school sessions (about 40%), and Saturday sessions (20%). At year-round schools, intersession continues to be the most common time for ALP at the elementary (82%). However, year-round middle schools provided ALP most commonly during the school day (83%), with only 34% using intersessions. Changes in use of ALP funds have made it increasingly difficult to clearly identify which students these funds supported. Although all schools reported that students who scored below grade level were supported through ALP, data on individual students suggests that the percentage of these students in ALP declined from 59% in 2001-02 to 35% in 2002-03. The lower participation rates are partially due to under-reporting, but clearer accountability for serving students is needed.


Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy Justin J Hourmozdi, MD*, Julian P Suszanski, MD* and Jacqueline M Pflaum, MD*^ *Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit, MI ^Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Detroit, MI Correspondence should be addressed to Justin J. Hourmozdi at email@example.com Submitted: September 14, 2016; Accepted: October 26, 2016; Electronically Published: January 28, 2017; https://doi.org/10.21980/J8Z309 Copyright: © 2017 Hourmozdi, et al. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/


Abstract The Children Act 1989 (England and Wales), Children Act 1995 (Scotland), and Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 have created unique possibilities for the delivery of child care services. There now exists a greater emphasis on preventive techniques and further provision of services for the family, within which that one may focus on the role of teaching self-protecrion skills to children and their families This article outlines the legislation, research, theory and practice methods which form the basis of such work.


Key Project Dates Bank Approval Date: 15-May-2014 Effectiveness Date: 29-Sep-2014 Planned Mid Term Review Date: 10-Apr-2017 Actual Mid-Term Review Date: 20-Mar-2017 Original Closing Date: 30-Jun-2020 Revised Closing Date: 30-Jun-2020 pdoTable Project Development Objectives Project Development Objective (from Project Appraisal Document) The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve the safety, accessibility and efficiency of trips taken by residents in the core urban areas of Mengzi City and Jianshui County.


African catfish, Clarias gariepinus is an important fish species that contribute toward freshwater aquaculture industry due to their attribute of omnivorous feeding habits, high growth rate and strong against disease. However, larvae of African catfish are reared different tank colours and this research was done to identify the optimum
tank colour for African catfish larvae rearing. Newly hatched was reared in six different tank colours, which were black, blue, green, gray, white, and transparent for 15 days. Blue tank shows the highest survival rate, growth in term of total length, and body weight gain with 89.3±1.8% (mean±SD, N=15), 212.0±20.1%, and 599.5±37.9% (N=15) respectively. However, dark coloured tanks, which are black,
green, and gray, had no significant different (P>0.05) with blue coloured tank. The results may be due to reduction of light penetration hence provide a more comfortable environment for the African catfish larvae and caused less stress. Less stress allow African catfish larvae to perform better survival rate, growth in term of total length, and body weight gain. Through this research, dark coloured tanks are recommended for African catfish larvae rearing.


Purpose – This chapter will discuss empirical results on how attitudes toward group work and the prospect of publishing in wikis influence students' work in collaborative knowledge construction. It will also explore how writing for an audience can be used in information literacy education.

Methodology – Data were collected by pre- and post-questionnaires and group interviews from two 8-week courses in an upper secondary school. In total, 58 students were involved. The quantitative data was analyzed by frequency and correlation analysis. Content analysis was applied to transcribed interviews.

Findings – Group work experiences carried over from one context to another. Ways to undertake group work influenced the learning experience. Cooperation – sharing tasks to be undertaken individually – tended to be a negative experience while working closely together enhanced learning. Wikis were mainly used as platforms for combining texts written individually by the students. The prospect of publishing on public Wikipedia had a considerably stronger influence on students' motivation than publishing a text for fellow classmates on the school wiki.

Practical implications – Wiki-publishing enables an emphasis on information use as part of information literacy instruction, where students learn to adapt their texts toward their audiences. Careful instruction is, however, needed for the use of social media tools and collaborative processes, in order for them to serve their purpose.

Originality – The study showed how group work attitude in general influence future group work experiences. It also demonstrated the influence of publishing texts on wikis or Wikipedia on students' motivation.


the Rocky Mountains, which is the case with a number of the birds we have found. Mr. Audubon,--Bell,-Squires and I walked two or three miles across the prairie in the afternoon to a village of prairie dogs which Bell had discovered in the morning." Mr. Harris then speaks entertainingly of the movements of the interesting little animals and refers to the great difficulty in shooting them. On the 3xst they reached Fort Pierre, a point on the river which they had long been striving to gain. No further points of ornithological interest are referred to in the letter. The plant life of the region is, however, described at considerable length for the benefit of Dr. Spencer, to whom the letter was addressed, he being a botanist of some note. The letter was left at Fort Pierre to be taken down the river by the next trappers who were going in the direction of civilization. The last entry is made on June •, just before the boat starts on up the river towards the Yellowstone, that being the final destination of the party.


Reservoir protection technology is an effective way of improving development response in complex fault block oilfield. This paper introduces some research achievements in 3 typical blocks of Wenliu oilfield (including reservoir sensitivity study, inflow fluid evaluation, etc.) and their effects in field application, and proposes a series of reservoir protection measures for low-energy wells, thus providing reference to the development of similar oilfield.


Uncontrolled illumination is one of the most significant challenges in face recognition. The performance of state-of-the-art face recognition algorithms drops drastically when measured on datasets with large illumination variations. In this paper, we propose a deep face relighting algorithm and employ it as a data augmentation method to enrich training data with illumination variations. For an input image, the proposed face relighting as data augmentation (FRADA) approach first estimates its 3D morphable model coefficients and spherical harmonic lighting coefficients. Then, it extracts the face normals, face mask, face shading, and face albedo, and renders new face images under random lighting conditions following physically-based image formation theory. Qualitative results demonstrate that FRADA produces more realistic images than the state-of-the-art face relighting algorithm. Quantitative experiments confirm the effectiveness of our relighting approach for face recognition. We successfully enhance the robustness of face templates to illumination variations simply by training face recognition algorithms with our relit images.


We constructed a fiber-optic temperature sensor system using a sensor array with 15 fiber Bragg gratings for distributed temperature monitoring in electrical power systems. A polynomial fitting algorithm was used to compensate the nonlinear action of the MEMS tuneable wavelength filter used for Bragg wavelength demodulation Fixed passband wavelengths from a Fabry-Perot ITU filter were used as reference wavelengths for the fitting algorithm which obtained constant accuracy regardless of the wavelength scanning range and frequency. About 0.18[%] of linearity error compared to reference thermocouple thermometer has been obtained in the preliminary experimental results.


This paper describes how the inhabitants of Llico, a small fishing town in Chile, organized to move from the coastline to avoid a tsunami that devastated their homes and livelihoods and then to manage immediate responses. It then describes how long it took for state support to arrive and how the inhabitants were marginalized from planning and implementing the reconstruction processes. As a result, this poorly served their needs and priorities and failed to utilize their knowledge and organizational capacities. Here and elsewhere in Chile, post-catastrophe reconstruction processes miss the opportunity to improve living conditions for the affected communities and to develop policies for disaster management that incorporate and use their social capital.


Objective:To study the clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)in children's infection of central nervous system.Methods:TNF in serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)was determined with ELISA in42children with acute infection central nervous system,among them there were20cases with germs meningitis and22cases with virus meingitis or encephalitis.Sixteen healthy children served as controls.Results:The levels of TNF of germs meningitis group in serum(0.236±0.105μg/L)and in CSF(0.211±0.094μg/L)were markedly higher than those of virus meningitis group in serum(0.125±0.030μg/L)and in CSF(0.109±0.032μg/L)and those of control group in serum(0.125±0.039μg/L)and in CSF(0.109±0.032μg/L).The TNF level in virus encephalitis group was obviously higher than that in control group.In germs meningitis group,a significant correlation was observed between the levels of TNF in serum and CSF(r=0.935,t=7.67,P0.01).Conclusion:The level of TNF in CSF can be used as an important index for the bacterial meningitis's diagnosis.The levels of TNF in serumn and CSF were of important significance for differential diagnosis of bacterial menigitis and virus meningitis.In pathologic state,the level of TNF in serumn can reflect the variety of TNF level in CSF and can provide a basis for clinical application of anti-TNF antibody in infectious disease.


Jeffrey Reitz sets out to accomplish the daunting task of explaining cross-national and inter-urban variations in the entry-level earnings of new immigrants, mostly immigrants from non-European societies, to the United States, Canada, and Australia. The topic is timely for several reasons. New immigration to these countries can be expected to continue to keep pace with global economic change. The racial/cultural and economic dimensions of immigration have increasingly become part of the public and political debate in these countries. Generally, this debate has centered on the characteristics of the immigrants themselves, as they affect the net economic benefits of immigration, the cost to native-born workers, the burden of the social safety net, and abuse of the immigration system. This book brings a needed social contextual perspective to these discussions. Using a multiple institutional framework, Reitz explores why immigrants have substantially different entrylevel earnings in the three societies on which he focuses. He sets up a natural experiment to conduct his institutional analyses. The fact that immigrants from the same origin countries or similar racial/ethnic groups have different entry-level earnings depending on whether they moved to the United States, Canada, or Australia, as well as which cities they live in, suggests the need to focus on the institutional context within the countries. Four major institutional sectors immigration policies, education, labor markets, and social welfare are treated as autonomous and yet interdependent in their impact on immigrant standing. Why these four institutional sectors? According to Reitz, immigration policies control the entry of newcomers; labor markets directly determine earnings; educational institutions shape the qualification profiles of the native-born with whom the new comers must compete; and welfare services affect immigrant adjustment to their new homes. Despite this heavy institutional orientation, he does not disregard the importance of differences in immigrants from the source countries and the role of the host societies' race relations and attitudes in contributing toward the economic inequalities faced by immigrants. But, given the similarities across the three countries in their potential for discriminatory policies and practices within these institutions, the focus on institutions seems justified. The book is organized into three parts spanning eight chapters. Part I, which includes two chapters, sets up the theoretical and empirical foundations of the problem. Chapter 1, "Social Causes of the Economic Success of Immigrants," lays out the framework for the institutional analyses and briefly describes the data sources. In Chapter 2, "Immigrant Entry-Level Status in Different Nations and Cities," Reitz uses census data (1980 from the United States and 1981 from Canada and Australia) for the first cohort of immigrants who arrived in the 1970s after the major revamping of the immigration policies of the three host countries. He sets up the problem to be explained as follows: the entry level earnings of the same race/ethnic groups, for example, Black and Chinese immigrants, and Asian immigrants in general, are lower in the United States when compared to Canada and Australia. The earnings of recent immigrants in urban areas of the U.S. (New York, Miami, Boston, San Francisco) are also lower than that of immigrants to cities in Canada or Australia. That these national and cross-urban variations hold for White as well as minority immigrants lends further credence to Reitz's institutional framework. Entry-level immigrant standing is less a product of the characteristics of immigrants and the discrimination they face than they are of the characteristics of the institutional contexts in which they live and work. Reviews


In this paper the impact interaction of perfectly rigid body and nonlinear elastic solid,which have plane boundaries, are investigated. Suppose that the moving rigid body has constant velocity, resulting in self-similar formulation of the problem. Possible variants of wave combinations, arising from such interaction, are discussed. The existence condition for evolutionary shock waves and the thermodynamic discontinuities compatibility condition serve as criterions for choosing the wave pattern. The scheme for the solution of a self-similar boundary-value problem includes checking for the mentioned criterion during computations.


Individual labor legal relation is considered in the present article as a legal system. The author analyzes its elements, stages of development and comes to the conclusion that realization of labor legal relation in characterized by the degree of satisfaction of a specifically defined interest of a Labor law subject.


The treatment of cellulosic goods with cellulase enzymes has developed into a finishing process of increasing importance over the past few years. Cellulases are nontoxic and thus environmentally friendly. They are capable of improving the hand properties of the textile materials as well as increasing the color brightness by removing surface fibrils. The enzymatic reaction consists of a series of complex steps and the mechanism is not yet fully understood. Enzymatic finishing is often performed prior or subsequent to dyeing and finishing. It is therefore very important to study the interaction of cellulases and dyes/finishing compounds in their effect on each other as well as on the cellulosic substrate. Developing a combined process will render an efficient procedure for the textile industry. Simultaneously, information could be acquired about fundamental mechanistic aspects of this interesting reaction. National Textile Center Annual Report: November 1996 49 A961 Technical Approach Cellulase enzymes are proteins of large molecular size. They affect accessible amorphous areas and crystallite surfaces of the cellulose substrate. Most decisive factors from the point of view of the textile material are therefore internal surface area, pore dimensions, crystallinity, and degree of polymerization. Cellulosic substrates of different origin, such as cotton, linen, ramie, jute, or regenerated cellulose, with varying structural parameters and differences in chemical composition will thus sl w different accessibility for the enzymes. Besides, compounds like lignin, hemicelluloses, gums, and other by-products will also influence the overall result of the enzymatic reaction. A thorough characterization of the starting materials as well as of the products after the enzymatic treatment is therefore essential. Dyes for cellulosic goods enter the amorphous areas of the fiber through water-filled porous channels and attach themselves, depending on the dye class, by various types of intermolecular forces. They wilI consequently interfere with the enzymatic reaction to a larger or lesser extent. Fiber-reactive dyes, forming covalent bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose, are expected to have a larger influence since they change the substrate for the enzymatic recognition in areas of accessibility. Direct dyes and pigment-type dyes, such as vat dyes, might have less impact on the result of the cellmytic treatment. Studying the enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of various different dyes will yield important information on prime attacking sites of the cellulase complex. It is generally observed that enzymatic surface polishing by reduction of fabric &ziness increases the color brightness through diminished light scattering. To achieve this effect, considerable mechanical action is necessary during the treatment with cellulases. This aspect will be addressed separately in order to differentiate it from the degradative effect of the enzymes. In terms of dye uptake and dye fixation it will possibly make a difference whether the textile material was enzymatically treated prior to the dyeing process which in turn might also influence the resulting color shades. Therefore it is necessary to study both treatment sequences. Again, different dye classes are expected to behave differently (see above). 50 National Textile Center Annual Report: November 1996


This research explores the notion of 'poverty porn' through critical examination of nine episodes of The Jeremy Kyle Show. Misrepresentations of poverty in the media are argued to support the existence of an underclass group culturally separated from mainstream society. The Jeremy Kyle Show has been specifically utilised in the political sphere to encompass this concept through the assertion of a criminal, workshy and disenfranchised "Jeremy Kyle generation". This study utilised ethnographic content analysis to uncover symbolic meanings within the show. This approach enables an appreciation of how these messages resemble and influence wider social definitions and understandings. It found The Jeremy Kyle Show was institutionally constrained to a middle class norm, embodied in and expressed through the dominating power of the host. The show's prevailing emphasis on individual choice and responsibility parallels with underclass discourses which regard social exclusion as a consequence of individual rejection of the values of social inclusion. In the current context of cuts to social welfare and overt demonization of benefit claimants in tabloid newspapers, I argue the unquestioned nature of these values and the purposes for which they are employed require urgent examination.


The purpose of this article was to explore the use of Activity Theory as a framework for the teaching and learning of mathematics. The final sample of participants comprised of six master teachers. Qualitative data was collected via master teacher questionnaires, observations of selected lessons, field notes of observations, individual interviews with master teachers and focus group interviews with learners. Data was analysed within an interpretive paradigm. Activity Theory was used as a theoretical lens within which to frame the study. The findings suggest that each master teacher modelled their classrooms as individual activity systems and the teaching and learning of mathematics was completed as a dynamic activity. These findings are important for advancing both teacher and curriculum development.


Beam chopping requirements in the proposed European Spallation Source (ESS) 2.5 MeV beam transport lines are challenging. Stringent beam loss restrictions in the downstream linacs and accumulator rings dictate that partial chopping of the high current 280 MHz bunched H- beam must be minimised. A description is given of a modulation scheme where the required time dependent chopped beam structure is generated by a fast transition, short duration, pulsed E-field in a distributed element slow-wave chopper, followed by a slower transition, long duration, pulsed E-field in a lumped element slow-wave chopper. Candidate modulator systems are identified.


Kobayashi Tadashi organized the first major postwar retrospective on Ito Jakuchu at the Tokyo National Museum in 1971 and has been a leading authority on the painter ever since. On the occasion of the exhibition 'Colorful Realm: Japanese Bird-and-Flower Paintings by Ito Jakuchu (1716-1800)' at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, and for this special issue on Jakuchu, he provides an overview of the artist's life and work that also introduces recent discoveries and new ideas.


Subject of consideration. The paper deals with the method for structure creation of the initial set of homogeneous variants in the database adapted to selection task solution according to their target (functional) assignment. This task is actual for the electronic quick reference guides: on materials, components, parts, medicines, etc. which special-purpose designation in homogeneous group is more time-proof, than requirements on admissibility in each new selection task. Method. The offered approach is based on data structure creation representing the partial order of alternatives, designed by unconditional Pareto criterion, from a set of linear or partial orders of variants with smaller dimension. The dimension of quality measures taken into account specifies the partial order dimension, and its structure is predetermined by a special-purpose designation of variants in homogeneous set through taken into account quality measures. The final elements in the partial order graph represent Pareto optimal variants, which need to be tested only on admissibility in each new selection task. The resulting partial order is formed by means of factor sets. Main results. We have worked out the method of data adaptive adjustment on selection task which gives the possibility to start solution at once with Pareto optimal variants only by their admissibility check. The offered approach is much more effective than the traditional one, when in the beginning selection of valid variants is done, and then of the optimal ones, owing to reduction the number of multiple combinatorial criteria comparison in each new selection task. The method efficiency is confirmed by the fact that the power of Pareto optimal variants is always less or equal to the power of initial variants, that is theoretically proved in [1]. It means, that the search of valid variants under the same requirements on smaller power set is always less labour-intensive, than the search of valid variants on the greater power set, owing to the less number of operations of binary comparisons of variants. results creation of the electronic quick reference guides for standard and generic items, both as part of automated design engineering systems, and at creation of the Helps for managers and suppliers of components and materials. In the first case they are satellite systems, in the second case the off-line ones.


Abstract We show that the replacement rule of the sequent calculi
${\bf G3[mic]}^= $
 in [8] can be replaced by the simpler rule in which one of the principal formulae is not repeated in the premiss.


the system of village-level river is a system innovation based on the implementation of the National "head river administrator system". At present, all parts of the country have encountered a series of legal problems in the reform of village-level head river administrator system. Its root cause lies in the lack of legal basis for the legal status of village-level river leaders. Based on the practice of reform, this paper puts forward that the village-level river head is a new legal subject which is different from the provincial, municipal, county and township river heads, and its essence is the combination of villagers 'autonomy and administrative


The objects of Law education of undergraduates is to train applicative law talents.The key to train applicative law talents is to train the lawful professional abilities.And practice teaching is the approach to train applicative law talents.The new practice teaching depends on increasing the proportion of practical teaching in order to train law professional abilities of university'students.


Since the introduction of the local self-government, there has been the increase in the number of cities that have selected the 8 great views to let their unique local characteristics be known all over the country. This study was conducted to analyse these characteristics of the 8 great views which were selected by the local government authorities. The result of this study is summarized as follows. In order for the currently selected 8 great views to show their unique characteristics. First of all, it is required to select them either in close cooperation with the local governments or on their own initiative. Second, the background element of their selection included "Image improvement & Vision suggestion" and "Utilization" of local great views as resources, and its purpose was to enhance "Local attractions" and "Tourism." It seems, therefore, that their selection of the 8 great views was intended to use their unique local resources for tourism and improve their local attraction. Third, the use of the selected 8 great views showed that their used frequency was high when selected by the local governments, and the highest frequency included the web site and guidebook. Other information brochures were mostly temporary, with the contents being unsuitable for the goal of their selection.


Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare form of hormone-secreting tumor. NECs originate from the epithelial cells of the larynx and account for less than 1% of the laryngeal neoplasm. Most cases of NECs are diagnosed by pathological confirmation after surgery. The terminolo-gy of laryngeal NEC has been a source of confusion. In 2017, World Health Organization newly categorized laryngeal NEC; as a result, the large cell type, which has been the main target of disagreement, was finally included into a subtype of poorly differentiated NEC. We report a case of a 58-year-old male with a growing granulomatous mass in the posterior supraglottis. The granuloma was removed by surgical excision when the size of the mass increased. He was diagnosed with the large cell type laryngeal NEC by pathological confirmation. He underwent postoperative radiotherapy and is currently being followed up in our outpatient clinic without evidence of recurrence.


In this paper, we establish new Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for h-convex
 functions, with in the framework of a previously defined generalized
 integral. The results obtained, generalize or complete, several reported in
 the literature. Some final remarks show the strength and scope of our
 results.


Australian policies are usually formulated in terms of specific national interests related to Asia. These may be grouped in three categories, which I shall call security, economy, and identification. The three are separate, but point in much the same direction: in whichever of these categories an Australian views his country's future in Southeast Asia, he sees its interests as involving preservation and enlargement of Australia's present character. There is room for argument about details and interpretation, between the intellectual and the man in the street, and between one political party and another. At times these arguments are heated, especially when the question of security is being debated. But, basically, Australians want to go on being as they are in the place where they are. Although they recognize the actual and symbolic importance of Southeast Asia, their national interests demand that they be not submerged or impoverished by influences from that direction. Their position is, in essence, a defensive one, but capable of a good deal of initiative. While it is often expressed as a position involving only Southeast Asia – because that is the closest part of Asia, the one which Australians know best, and is often used as a synonym for Asia at large — the Australian position towards Asia as a whole is much the same.


AIM: To examine the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity by doxycycline (Doxy) and its effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation, neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling. METHODS: The model of rat common carotid artery injury was established by balloon-dilatation. Doxy was administered to the animals of treatment group at dose of 30 mg·kg -1·d -1. The activity of MMPs in the tissue of injured carotid arteries was measured by gelatin zymography. The thickness and area of neointimal, lumen area and the proliferation of SMCs were measured by histological and morphometric analysis. RESULTS: 1. After Doxy treatment, the activity of MMP-9 in the carotid arteries was reduced by 26.3% and 34.5% compared to that in rats without Doxy treatment at 24 hours and 3 days after balloon injury, respectively (P0.01). The activity of MMP-2 was also reduced by 40.0% at 7 days after injury (P0.01). 2. The thickness of neointimal were significantly decreased by 32.0% and 38.8% (P0.01) and the lumen area was increased by 58.0% and 90.4 % at 14 and 28 days after injury in the Doxy-treated rats compared to those in control rats, respectively (P0.01). Doxy treatment significantly reduced intimal SMCs proliferation from 62.76%±1.02 % in the controls to 43.23%±1.06% at 7 days after injury (P0.01). CONCLUSION: Doxy treatment inhibits the activity of MMPs, the SMCs proliferation of intimal, neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling, suggesting that Doxy treatment is useful in preventing restenosis after PTCA.


University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. December 2010. Major: Natural resources science & management. Advisor: Dr. William Tai Yin Tze. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 63 pages.


"Imperforate anus" is a syndrome of anomalies of organization of the caudal end of the body, frequently involving the genitourinary tract and lumbosacral spine, as well as the normal formation of the rectum and anus.In patients with imperforate anus, any type of sacral deformity or error in lumbar segmentation (with subsequent evolution of "block" vertebrae) should be reason for prompt urologic evaluation by intravenous pyelography and voiding cystourethrography in the newborn period. To fail to do so may lead to irreversible damage from reflux. The functional anomaly of reflux may be superimposed on structural malformations including unilateral renal agenesis, and crossed fused and crossed solitary ectopia.A breakdown of the associated anomalies of the "imperforate anus" into high (bowel usually ending above the puborectalis part of the levator ani) and low lesions (bowel ending on the perineum anterior to the anus) shows a much higher incidence of spine and genitourinary changes in cases with the high l...


Background: Malaria is a major health problem in many parts of India. Several factors have beenattributed to increased morbidity and mortality in malaria with altered hematological andcoagulation parameters. This study was conducted to compare the coagulation parameters ofmalaria cases with those of the healthy carriers. Aims and objectives: To evaluate coagulationabnormalities in patients of malaria and to study the difference in coagulation parameters betweenmalaria patients and healthy controls and to determine the level of significance of the difference.Materials and methodology: This prospective comparative study of 300 patients with laboratorydiagnosed malaria patients (cases) and 300 healthy individuals (controls) was carried out in theDepartment of Pathology in a tertiary care, V. S. General Hospital, Ahmedabad. Result: Comparisonof platelet count, PT, and aPTT between case groups and control groups was statistically significant(p<0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the platelet count, PT, and aPTTvalues of the two groups. This indicates that in patients with malaria, there is an activation ofintrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation.


Thanks to their role as creators and implementers of monetary policy, central banks in most modern countries have the status of key financial institutions and pivots of financial system stability. During the centuries of evolution of central banking, numerous models and instruments of monetary policy were developed, the application of which depended largely on the political environment and the dominant economic model in specific countries. Unlike conventional central banking, Islamic central banking has been in global economic practice for only a few decades. An authentic and Shariah-compliant model of Islamic central banking is still in its infancy. Therefore, the practice of Islamic central banking is largely based on the application of instruments of conventional central banking, which, according to Shariah compliance, are used in their original or modified form or are excluded from use. In this paper, we will present the development path of Islamic central banking, the goals and obligations of Islamic central banks, a set of Shariah-compliant monetary policy instruments, the practice of Islamic central banking in certain countries, and limitations for the efficient functioning of Islamic central banks in practice.


the war effort. It also produced a boom in the export of traditional products. Dr. Bawden rather disdains the doubling of industrial production in the years between 1940 and 1945 but, as a matter of mathematics, this represents a faster rate of growth than that achieved in the period 1940 to 1964 as a whole. The last part of the book deals with the recent development of Mongolia—the new collectivization, the vast urban development, and the fundamental change in the population structure. The reader is left with a picture of the Mongol dilemma. Mongolia is an enormous, underpopulated, and underdeveloped country ripe for massive imports of labour and capital. To accept the first might mean repeating the fate of Inner Mongolia, while the price of the second is recorded throughout the second half of Dr. Bawden's book. The author is too fond of Mongolia to ask the obvious question, but readers may well wonder whether the existence of Mongolia has any basis other than diplomatic convenience.


Pointed gourd is an important tropical high value vegetable crop, which is mainly affected by fruit and vine rot disease in field conditions. Causal organism of this devastating disease is Phytophthora melonis as revealed through morphological criteria as well as by molecular tools based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of non-coding Internal Transcriber Spacer (ITS) region and ITS sequencing. Sequencing of ITS region of our Ph. melonis isolate has 100% similarity with the five isolates of GenBank including a Ph. sinensis. The pathogen, Ph. melonis, is a new report from India and as regards host ranges a possible new report globally.


A bond graph model of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrain test cell is proposed. The test cell consists of a motor/generator coupled to a HEV powertrain and powered by a bidirectional power converter. Programmable loading conditions, including positive and negative resistive and inertial loads of any magnitude are modeled, avoiding the use of mechanical inertial loads involved in conventional test cells. The dynamics and control equations of the cell were derived directly from the bond graph models. 20-Sim and Matlab/Simulink software is used to simulate the dynamics of the model.


The published peer-reviewed literature on OBT in functional and organic disease has been searched on PubMed using the key words 13C breath test, octanoic acid and gastric emptying. The more significant referenced articles from recent published manuscripts and abstracts from national and international meetings have been included in this review, apart from pharmacological studies which have been instead excluded.


The Victor Mine, the first diamond mine in the Archaean Superior craton in Ontario, provides the unique opportunity to study the association of a diamond deposit with a post-Archaean rift system (the 1.1 Ga Keweenawan Midcontinent Rift). Victor forms part of the Attawapiskat kimberlite cluster, which was emplaced at ~170–180 Ma (Kong et al., 1999; Heaman and Kjarsgaard, 2000), subsequent to the Midcontinent Rift. Relatively little is known about the details of the history and composition of the lithospheric mantle below the Superior craton, due to the scarcity of large suites of mantle xenoliths. In particular, the impact of the 1.1 Ga Keweenawan Midcontinent Rift on diamond-bearing lithospheric mantle beneath the Superior Craton is poorly constrained. Preliminary results from garnet xenocrysts from the Kyle Lake (~1.1 Ga) and Victor kimberlites (Armstrong et al., 2004; Scully et al., 2004) indicate that the local lithospheric mantle was modified to lherzolitic compositions after emplacement of the Kyle Lake kimberlites, likely through melt infiltration associated with the Midcontinent Rift. Here we study eclogite xenoliths from the Victor kimberlite in order to assess their temporal relationship to and possible overprint by the Midcontinent Rift.


The article deals with archaeological materials from Dal'niy Kut-15 and Shivelaza-1. Ceramic complexes of Paleometal age from these sites are almost similar and allow combining these sites in one cultural group, located in Bol'shaya Ussurka (Iman) basin.


Objective:Tointrduce clinical experience of applying skin soft tissue expansion.Methods:Since 2001,skin soft tissue expansion has been used to repair scars formde from many diseases in 25 patients.We decided the size,shape of the expander and the way of implantation according to the intraoperative scars and skin flaps were transferred to repair the defect.Results:All cases were follwed up about 6~24 months,and the results were satisfactory.Conclusion:The soft tissue expansion is effective for repairing scars.


Abstract : A study has been made to determine whether laboratory filter papers might be suitable as reference filters for the determination of charging tendencies of jet fuels as measured in the EXXON Mini-Static Tester (MST). From the filter papers which were investigated it was concluded that, compared to commercial fuel filters, these filters do not generate enough charge to afford repeatable and reliable measurements. Some correlation was observed between the polarity of the generated charges and the nature of the filter paper surfaces. However, attempts to repeat these experiments after a time period of about six to eight months were unsuccessful because of variations in the data, particularly that of polarity of the charge. It is suggested that the variations may have been due to relative humidity and temperature changes in the laboratory over the time period. Another possible explanation might be that there were changes in fuel composition due to degradation. A few studies of some ion exchange resin coated filter papers suggest some tentative generalizations regarding these papers. It was observed that the flow rate of fuel through each type of filter was not constant for any given run. Since it was necessary to have accurate flow rate data for each filter in order to be able to calculate charging tendency from the measured streaming current, a method was devised to make this measurement.


An important ingredient of parton or string cascade models for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion reactions is a parton description of the baryon. Whereas previous models needed the concept of a diquark in an essential way, we have developed a new model using Dirac's approach of Poincare-covariant many-body dynamics with constraints.
In our model, the baryon is described as a dynamical set of three valence quarks and a fourth 'particle', the "junction", which carries the momentum fraction of the sea quarks as well as all of the glue.
The model's parameters are the quark current masses, and one interaction strength, determined by the proton radius. Thus the model has no adjustable free parameters. Nevertheless, we obtain a remarkably good fit to the valence quark structure functions of the baryon


The absence of a Romanian legal definition of the concept of nullity of commercial companies arouses a lot of questions. The delimitation of this concept is very important for a correct establishment of its field of application. In other words, are the cases of nullity of commercial companies regulated only by Law no. 31/1990 or by the provisions of common law as well? Started from the fact that the nullity is not considered by the legislator a simple sanction applicable to the juridical acts but it affects directly the existence of the company and becomes a means to sanction the creation of a legal person by disregarding the imperative legal provisions, we analyzed firstly the Romanian (II) and the EU legal provisions regarding the nullity of commercial companies. The elements of this analyze helped us to qualify the nullity of commercial companies and its effect (III). Finally, through the conclusion formulated we hope to call the attention on the fact that a company, even created through the non-observance of the legal rules, can be viable from economic point of view and it is senseless to make it disappearance.


This article studies the economic law aspects of the Japan - Iran relations and reaches to the conclusion that the line between Japan and Iran is a two way road taking consumer products, projects requirements, loans and technical assistance from Japan to Iran and returning oil and gas from Iran. This line, although established out of the both parties urgent need, was never elaborated or improved to shape up an equal and just relationship and its existence and stable operation was never supported by conclusion of a long term treaty and with sanctions it is now extremely narrowed. Keywords: Japan – Iran – Trade relations – Azadegan – South Pars – Loans – Sanctions – Technical assistance


In recent years, the technology of Internet of things has been paid more and more attention, and its application is becoming the focus. In order to meet the needs of social and economic development, technical support must be provided for fire work. This paper briefly introduces the concept of Internet of things. Then it analyzes the feasibility of applications of IOT in the fire control field, which combines with the development of IOT and the actual demand of fire work. At last, it discusses application prospects of IOT from three aspects, that is, fire fighting and rescue operations, fire safety management of community and fire equipment management. Furthermore, this paper points out that the application of this technology will play an important role in improving the level and efficiency of the fire work.


Across a diverse set of texts from Japanese media and literature, including professional wrestling, avant-garde writing, and Zainichi Korean literature, this special section explores the fluid relationship between femininity and the body, where one is neither defined nor determined by the other. At the crossroads of Asian studies, gender studies, media, and literature, this collection offers an interdisciplinary and transnational lens to consider this relationship in a Japanese context. To borrow from Lee's deployment of Gloria Anzaldúa's "Border Women," transgression provides these papers with a theoretical framework of inherent ambiguity that lingers between worlds—between the sanctioned and the unsanctioned, between performer and persona, between the reader and text. The papers presented here all treat femininity, not as an essentialized category of gendered experience, but as a liminal border zone in which conventional notions of gender, sexuality, and media become fluid and ambiguous. Whether it is the border between perfume advertising and avant-garde poetry, literary criticism and butoh dance, autobiographical writing and oral forms of nonverbal performance, or professional wrestling and documentary film, the papers featured here all transgress disciplinary borders of media and genre while interrogating and disrupting conventional notions of femininity.


This book is the first to explore the origins and nature of the demand for painting in Bruges over the course of the fifteenth century and its subsequent effect on the community of painters and their workshop and marketing practices. The evolution of Bruges was fundamentally linked with commerce, and as a result of the city's thriving international trade and rising merchant class, it was to become one of the most affluent and cosmopolitan centers in late medieval Europe. However, only after the Duke of Burgundy moved his court to Bruges in the early decades of the fifteenth century would it begin to be a major center for the production of panel painting. This study examines the coming together of the opulent Burgundian court, an affluent urban bourgeoisie, and an increasingly expanding community of painters, and the effects of this dynamic social configuration on the newly emerging art of oil painting.


We propose a new autostereoscopic display system employing an eye-position tracking technique for multi-viewers who do not need to wear 3-D glasses. We also describe the developed stereoscopic projectors and the lenticular screen design for this system. In this system, the 3-D screen consists of two lenticular screens and a diffusion layer. Each 3-D projector that corresponds to a viewer consists of two projectors for right and left images. The viewer's positions are detected, and the 3-D projector moves according to the viewer's movement.


Objective:To clone BMP7 cDNA and construct the plasmid carrying BMP7 gene. Methods:BMP7 gene was cloned from the HEK293 cells with RT-PCR and nested-PCR skills,and after being repaired,the whole cDNA of BMP7 was obtained. The plasmids carrying BMP7 gene which was inserted T-vector were constructed. Results:Electrophoresis and sequencing showed BMP7 gene was correct. Digesting and sequencing demonstrated that the pT-BMP7 carried BMP7 gene correctly. Conclusion:The cloning of BMP7 gene can lead the basis for the further studying of BMP7 gene and protein.


The invention relates to an organic fertilizer prepared from sludge, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60-70% of sludge, 27-35% of organic waste and 3-5% of biomass fermenting enzyme. The sludge is pure sludge in which heavy metals and substances that are harmful to plant growth are removed. The organic waste comprises 5% of plastic waste, 8% of waste rubber, 5% of fiber fabric, 12% of waste paper, 15% of rice bran, 14% of coconut shell, 6% of leaf, 10% of bark, 3% of flower and grass, 7% of kitchen peel, 5% of cake pulp, 5% of vinasse and 5% of bagasse. The organic fertilizer can effectively improve the soil structure, has longer effective time, can lower the fertilizer use cost, and enhances the environmental contribution rate.


Musical performance evaluation is undertaken repeatedly during instrumental music instruction. Instrumental music lessons, band and orchestra rehearsals, seating tryouts, concerts, and festival performances are all examples of situations that require performance evaluation, and the success of many instrumental music programs is measured in large part by the quality of the public performances that are developed through the use of evaluative processes. Researchers have attempted to construct a number of measures to evaluate various aspects of solo and group instrumental music performance. This review will focus on those studies dealing with solo instrumental music performance measurement and their implications for future research in performance measurement.


Objective: To investigate regularity of changes of helper cell(Th) subgroup Th1/Th2 (in mice with) acute hemorrhage necrotizing pancreatitis(AHNP),and observe the interference effect of(Shenmai) injection(参麦注射液) and Huangqi injection(黄芪注射液).Methods: Sixty-five Kunming mice were randomly divided into sham operation group(n=5),pancreatitis model group(n=20),Shenmai(injection) group(n=20) and Huangqi injection group(n=20).The AHNP model was established by(intraperitoneally) injecting caerulein 50 μg/kg every 1 hour for 6 times and then intraperitoneal injecting(lipopolysaccharide) 10 mg/kg at the last time.The two treatment groups received Shenmai injection or Huangqi injection intraperitoneal injection respectively.The ratio of spleen cell Th1/Th2 and plasm amylase were(detected) at 2,6,12 and 24 hours after the last injection respectively with the sham operation group included,and the pathological changes of pancreatic gland and small intestine were observed by microscope.Results: The AHNP model was confirmed 6 hours after the last injection by pathological changes and plasm amylase,and the ratio of spleen cell Th1/Th2 was decreased gradually(P0.01),and inversed after 24 hours,these changes were milder in the two treatment groups(all P0.01).Conclusion: An immune unbalance occurs in the early stage of AHNP,Shenmai injection and Huangqi injection can modulate it.


Smart materials' ability to deliver large block forces in a small package while operating at high frequencies makes them extremely attractive for converting electrical to mechanical power. This has led to the development of hybrid actuators consisting of co-located smart material actuated pumps and hydraulic cylinders that are connected by a set of fast-acting valves. The overall success of the hybrid concept hinges on the effectiveness of the coupling between the smart material and the fluid. This, in turn, is strongly dependent on the resistance to fluid flow in the device. This paper presents results from three-dimensional unsteady simulations of fluid flow in the pumping chamber of a prototype hybrid actuator powered by a piezo-electric stack. The results show that the forces associated with moving the fluid into and out of the pumping chamber already exceed 10% of the piezo stack blocked force at relatively low frequencies ~120 Hz and approach 40% of the blocked force at 800 Hz. This reduces the amplitude of the piston motion in such a way that the volume flow rate remains approximately constant above operating frequencies of 500 Hz while the efficiency of the pump decreases rapidly.


This paper investigates the relative efficiency of cancer treatment in Nova Scotia using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and patients as the base decision-making unit. Using a unique data set, DEA treatment efficiency scores are included as a variable in a second stage (ordered) probit model measuring the likelihood of patient survival. The estimated efficiency scores generally have positive coefficients in the econometric models, suggesting that certain treatments increase the probability of survival. But more importantly, we find that inter-hospital or inter-regional differences in patient population (e.g. severity of illness, other health complications and living conditions) are also helpful in determining health care outcomes. We conclude that health care policy which ignores inherent differences in patient population is not acceptable as a basis for public decision-making.


In this work, research of anisotropic etching (AE) of silicon for the determination of the dominant crystallographic planes, which form islands and etching holes is represented.


The performances of a H3PW12O40/Al2O3 heteropoly acid catalyst prepared by incipient wet impregnation method were evaluated for glycerol dehydration to acrolein.The activity stability of the catalyst was investigated in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor,and the fresh and coked catalysts were characterized by BET,SEM and XRD.The results showed that a rapid carbon deposi-tion occured in the catalytic activity growth period,following by a slowly coke deposition in subsequent reaction time.The amount of coke deposition on the catalyst decreased with increase of liquid space velocity.The probable cause resulted in the decrease of catalyst activity was acrolein polymerization.The polymer covered catalyst surface and blocked the pores.But the Keggin structure of the H3PW12O40 wasn't changed by carbon deposition,so the carbon-deposited catalyst still exhibited catalytic activity.


Our financial statements, as certified by Price Waterhouse & Company, who have audited the books of the IEEE for 1963, are contained at the end of this report. In the Statement of Financial Position the working capital amounted to $1,306,262, with the marketable securities stated at cost, and to $2,097,000, with securities stated at market values at the end of 1963. Our total funds were $3,792,275 and $4,626,000 respectively. Since our total expenses for operations during fiscal 1963 amount to $5,708,593, we are in sound financial position.


The use of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) as a procurement method for capital schools projects over the past decade has been considerable, and a controversial issue. The relevance of procurement method for the operational performance of projects and facilities is an area cited as needing more research by amongst others the National Audit Office. Recently, the relative benefits of rebuilding versus refurbishment have also become an issue, especially in the context of cancelation of the Building Schools for the Future programme, and the James Review of how to get better value from a likely decreasing total capital expenditure on schools. In attempting to fill this knowledge gap, this study presents comparative samples of normalised expenditures post-renewal on facility service costs in renewed English comprehensive secondary schools. Data is presented in elapsed time relative to year of school renewal, sampled to produce early facility life cost profiles up to a maximum of 9 elapsed years, by both procurement method (PFI and non-PFI) and type of capital works (refurbishment and rebuild). The results include that total facility services costs are higher (though not significantly) in PFI schools in six of the nine elapsed years. Total facility services costs are broadly similar over the nine elapsed years following renewal in rebuilt and refurbished schools. The influence of procurement method on expenditure on certain facility services, coupled with high correlations between procurement method and type of capital works, prevents clear conclusions on the independent impact of type of capital works on operational expenditure.

[Winner of the RICS Research Best Paper Award in Construction: COBRA 2011 Conference]


We have set a task to develop a system of self-consistent models in the article. The first and the second models let us describe the liquid density and the gas density on the saturation line; the third one is connected with the saturation pressure. To build these models, we have used a methodical approach based on the Clapeyron-Clausius equation. The approach also includes some requirements of the scaling theory of critical phenomena. To calculate the adjustable coefficients of these models, experimental data on the liquid density, the gas density and the saturated pressure of SF6 have been selected. The new system let us describe the named properties in a wide interval of temperature. A comparative study has been made for these calculated properties as well as for the mean diameter of the coexistence curve. Numerical results of the study are discussed.


Currently, in Japan, pedestrian actuated signal controls have been performed in such a way that the presence of pedestrians walking on the pedestrian crossing is detected by image sensors, and while the pedestrians are crossing, the green signal time is extended to ensure the safety of the pedestrians, and when there is no pedestrian on the pedestrian crossing, the green signal time is reduced to maintain a smooth traffic flow. Now, for the purpose of improving the pedestrian actuated signal control system, researchers have improved the performance of the image sensor so that only pedestrians who walk slowly can be detected. Then, they conducted a field experiment of the "pedestrian actuated signal control system by detecting the presence of slow-walking pedestrians" in which the green signal time is extended only when slow-walking pedestrians are crossing. The experimental results have verified that this control system enables a smoother traffic flow while ensuring safety.


An electrophotographic developer roller is made by casting urethane prepolymer mixed with a butadiene, a trifunctional curative and ferric chloride powder. After curing, the roller is baked, which oxidizes the outer surface. The oxidized surface layer is electrically resistive, which is desirable in a developer roller. An excellent developer roller is achieved at low production cost.


When put into words, the Unconscious encounters the properties of language. Considering "double meaning" as one of these language properties, this encounter in the form of equivocation accounts for the way that Unconscious and language join together at the very heart of subjects' speech. When "double meaning" is embodied in the speech of a subject as equivocation, the latter can be interpreted as an effect of context.


Objectives To establish the model of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in swine and to study the changesin the AVM hemodynamics. Methods The AVM models were established mainly by side-side anastomosis between the right commoncarotid artery and interal jugular vein in 6 swine where there was the rete mirabile (RM) as nidus of AVM. Angiography was performedbefore the establishment of the AVM in 2 animals. The left common carotid artery angiography and B-ultrasound were carried outimmediately, 1 week and 1 mouth after the operation to observe whether the models were successful and the change in the AVMhemodynamics in all the animals. Result The RM in the cranial bases was observed by the preoperative angiography. The AVM modelwas successfully established in 6 swine. The postoperative angiography showed that the blood flowed from the right ascending pharyngealartery into the cranial base RM and the left ascending pharyngeal artery or internal maxillary artery. The left carotid rateries blood flowincreased and the pulse index of the right carotid arteries decreased. Conclusion The AVM model which is established by the side-sideanastomosis between the common carotid artery and interal jugular vein is reliable in the swine and it is suitable for the research on theendovascular treatment of AVM.


Should we learn modern languages? If so, why? The answers to these questions would be simple in the minds of those whose mother tongue does not extend beyond the national frontiers; but they are not so easily answered in English‐speaking countries. The undoubted decline in the teaching of modern languages in schools in the UK reflects the growing scepticism. Generations of school children have grappled with French with little success and even smaller enjoyment or profit to themselves, and first‐rate modern language teachers are becoming rare birds.


Abstract A warm complement fixation test that will detect antibody in sheepserum in the virtual absence of anti-complementary activity is described. Sheep antibody-antigen complexes were detected by fixation of sheep complement. Sheep serum, heparinized or Mg++—EGTA plasma was used as the source of sheep complement. Sheep-antibody-sensitized human erythrocytes were used as the haemolytic indicator cells for sheep complement. As the modified complement-fixation test was performed in the presence of Mg++—EGTA, sheep C probably reacts with sheep Ab-Ag complexes by a different mechanism than does guinea-pig complement.


The method for the detection of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in solution is proposed. This method employs the sensors based on silicon nanowire field-effect transistors with protective layers of high-k dielectrics, whose surface is functionalized with an amino silane. Direct highly sensitive detection of DNP has been demonstrated, and the lowest detectable concentration of DNP was determined to be 10−14 M. Silicon-on-insulator nanowire (SOI-NW) sensors can well be employed for the rapid detection of a wide range of toxic and explosive compounds by selection of sensor surface modification techniques.


Abstract : Since there is no generally applicable definition of the term aided target recognition (ATR), the author takes as a working definition the task of mapping scenes to representations and extracting information concerning specific elements from these representations, such as the physical attributes of objects in the scenes. This report presents a survey of a number of useful linear and nonlinear image processing techniques for aided target recognition tasks. A summary of the current progress with both digital and optical implementations of these techniques is also given.


The need for food continues to increase, on the one hand agricultural land, especially paddy fields, continues to decrease. The government is pushing for an increase in food production, especially rice through the food estate development program in central Kalimantan.  This study aims to: 1. Describe the existing condition of the central Kalimantan food estate development program location; 2.  Analyze the implementation of the Central Kalimantan food estate development program; and 3. Identify constraints and challenges in implementing the Central Kalimantan food estate development program. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection and analysis techniques through literature studies from report documents, publications, and other information accessed from the internet. The results showed that the the Central Kalimantan food estate development program with agricultural intensification through the application of technology could increase rice roduction, which was contributed by increased productivity and cropping index, although it was not optimal. The agricultural extensification program through the creation of new paddy fields faces many obstacles, so that it cannot be utilized optimally. Delays in rice seeds and agricultural production facilities continue to occur and are repeated. The development of agricultural mechanization experienced technical and sosio-cultural constraints. Management of water, construction and rehabilitation of infrastructure is not optimal. Farmer's economic institutions through corporations have not been well developed, so that the implementation of the Central Kalimantan food estate development program has not run optimally, so it has not had an impact on increasing farmers' income and welfare.


A method for removing inorganic salt from alcoholic basic lignin solution, a step of adding an acid to the solution, thereby forming an alcoholic lignin solution, a precipitate containing inorganic precipitate, the solution method comprising the steps of separating from and to a method for separating lignin from alcoholic basic lignin solution, a step of adding an acid to the solution, thereby forming an alcoholic lignin solution, inorganic the precipitate containing the precipitate, separated and separating from said solution, removing ethanol from the solution, optionally adjusting the pH of the resulting mixture, the lignin from the mixture step al method, and, after separation of the inorganic precipitate optionally from alcoholic mixture containing lignin containing bets Between Lumpur recovery, a method for avoiding foaming, wherein the the pH between alcoholic mixtures of alcohols recovered is adjusted 2-9.


jAudio is a new framework for feature extraction designed to eliminate the duplication of effort in calculating features from an audio signal. This system meets the needs of MIR researchers by providing a library of analysis algorithms that are suitable for a wide array of MIR tasks. In order to provide these features with a minimal learning curve, the system implements a GUI that makes the process of selecting desired features straight forward. A command-line interface is also provided to manipulate jAudio via scripting. Furthermore, jAudio provides a unique method of handling multidimensional features and a new mechanism for dependency handling to prevent duplicate calculations. The system takes a sequence of audio files as input. In the GUI, users select the features that they wish to have extracted—letting jAudio take care of all dependency problems—and either execute directly from the GUI or save the settings for batch processing. The output is either an ACE XML file or an ARFF file depending on the user's preference.


This note is about sovereign immunity in Florida. It discusses the development of sovereign immunity as it applies to municipalities in general (through 1991). It also examines the specific limitations and attempted abrogation of the immunity rule, focusing on the confusing status of sovereign immunity in Florida.


The invention relates to a biogas slurry drip irrigation fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials, parts by weight, 100 parts of condensed biogas slurry, 1 to 5 parts of potassium humate, 4 to 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 to 5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5 to 2.0 parts of an emulsifier, 0.1 to 0.3 parts of a defoaming agent, and 0.5 to 2 parts of trace elements through steps of vacuum condensation, heating to dissolve, emulsification, filtering, sand milling by a sand mill, canning and the like. The prepared drip irrigation fertilizer, which contains various amino acids, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphor, potassium and traces elements such as iron, zinc, boron and the like required by the growth of crops, vegetablesand fruits, allows the commodification of the biogas slurry to be greatly improved and the problem of secondary pollution of the biogas engineering caused by the low utilization rate of the biogas slurry to be solved, has the advantages of simple application and high economic benefit, can be easily popularized, and is suitable for large area popularization in large, medium and small type biogas engineering, family-size biogas tanks, sunlight greenhouse fruits and vegetables, and crop planting areas.


In Cnephia dacotensis, a species that mates on rocks and plants without swarm formation, the eyes of the males are separate and undivided. Each ommatidium consists of two general regions: a distal dioptric apparatus and a sensory receptor layer with eight retinular cells. Six of these cells (R1–6) are located peripherally and two centrally; R7 occurs distally and R8 basally. In males of previously studied species in which females are detected as they fly above a male swarm, the compound eyes are holoptic and divided into distinct dorsal and ventral regions. Ommatidia in the dorsal region lack the R7 cell. If in black flies R7 is a blue receptor and R8 a uv receptor, then the absence of R7 means that swarm-forming males see the females against a background that provides a sharper contrast than a background of a uv to blue range. This would sharpen the visibility of the dark female against the background skylight, enabling the male to perceive her more swiftly.


AbstracThe environment has a very important life support function. Therefore, management and development are directed to maintain its existence in a dynamic balance through various safeguards and rehabilitation efforts and also the efforts to maintain balance between its elements continuously. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the harmony of the population and the environment, develop environmental awareness, and encourage participation and self-help of the community in preserving the ability of life (preserving the environment). The attitude and mentality of human who are not aware of the meaning and function of the environment, as well as the meaning of humanity as God's creation have caused various problems in the environment. Humans are given the mandate by God to guard, account for in their use and maintenance, because humans are the highest creation of God from other creations. This paper will describe the meaning of the integrity of creation and environment, the basis of theology about the integrity of creation and environment, problems about the environment, attitudes and responsibilities of Christians about the integrity of creation and environmental sustainability, analysis and conclusion.


Due to changes in legislation in public transport in the Netherlands, two allied processes were started: decentralization of (regional) railways, and tendering in regional and local train and bus services. The Netherlands Transport Research Centre (AVV) has followed these processes since 1998. In spite of the unruliness of the subject, the authors can conclude that at least a few regional Public Transport Authorities (PTAs) have put decentralization en tendering into practice. Since 1998, nine regional railways have been decentralized and the tendering of at least four public transport concessions has taken place. The number of cases of tendering will be surpassed next year. Moreover, operators have improved their products and/or lowered their prices with an eye to the upcoming tendering, and PTAs have sharpened their demands on the operators. After two years, it is not yet possible to say whether it will fulfil to all expectations, but there are some positive indications: integration of train and bus services improved in some regions; operators offer more services for the same amount of money; travellers appreciate public transport equally well or a bit better than before; some innovations are recognized; and operations in off-peak periods are increased rather than decreased. Increase of patronage, however, could not be ascertained. Finally, with their Programme of Demands PTAs appear to be able to determine the amount of public transport the operators are offering them and the control of it during the concession period. Furthermore, it appears that PTAs hold the operators to their words and insist on meeting the agreed level of performance. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E206647.


AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the pain intensity level with different scales and to correlate these data with clinical symptoms in dysmenorrhea. Findings indicated that all scales were useful for assessing dysmenorrhea. Pain threshold and tolerance was evaluated using a pressure algometer. No correlation was found between pressure pain values and visual, numerical scale values. Back pain and fatigue were correlated with pressure pain values and there was also a correlation between dizziness and visual, numeric scales.


Storytelling is a universal activity, but the way in which discourse structure is used to persuasively convey ideas and emotions may depend on cultural factors. Because first-person accounts of life experiences can have a powerful impact in how a person is perceived, the storyteller may instinctively employ specific strategies to shape the audience's perception. Hypothesizing that some of the differences in storytelling can be captured by the use of narrative levels and subjectivity, we analyzed over one thousand narratives taken from personal weblogs. First, we compared stories from three different cultures written in their native languages: English, Chinese and Farsi. Second, we examined the impact of these two discourse properties on a reader's attitude and behavior toward the narrator. We found surprising similarities and differences in how stories are structured along these two c ©2017 Reid Swanson, Andrew S. Gordon, Peter Khooshabeh, Kenji Sagae, Richard Huskey, Michael Mangus, Oria Amir, Rene Weber This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License (http ://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Analysis of Subjectivity and Narrative Levels in Storytelling Across Cultures dimensions across cultures. These discourse properties have a small but significant impact on a reader's behavioral response toward the narrator.


ABSTRACT Many studies highlight the benefic influence of forests on the quality of environment. There is an interest for identifying the pretability of a certain territory for representative forest tree species according to their pedological, hydro-climatic and geomorphological characteristics. The main purpose of this endeavour is the enhancement of a territory's economic quality as well as the highlighting of the forest's stabilizing role which is determined by new forest plantations with well-defined purposes. This study aims at proposing a quantitative model based on correlation equations between forest favourability classes and ecological factors/determiners for the main forest species from the hill bioclimatic zone. By using geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis and integrating a specific digital database, forest favourability classes were identified for eight of the most common forest species from Someşul Mare Hills: pedunculate oak, Turkey oak, Hungarian oak, hornbeam, linden, sycamore tree, cherry tree and beech. The main focus was laid on developing and obtaining the necessary digital database for the GIS spatial analysis model and on the work stages of creating a GIS model which could be implemented in areas with similar characteristics.


Based on the computer-aided analysis of the feature extraction of quantum fractal art graphics, this paper discusses the algorithmic modeling technology of computer-aided fractal art pattern design based on the generation or composition of fractal patterns, and introduces several types of typical fractal pattern modeling algorithms and their differences with tradition The combination of artistic modeling methods and examples of the application of these modeling algorithms are given. Starting from grasping the artistic and cultural characteristics of computer graphics images, computer modeling, feature extraction, and cluster analysis of fractal graphics are performed. The results show that the feature accuracy is increased by 7.6%.


INTRODUCTION: Various operation techniques are performed for treatment of lumbosacral spondyloptosis. Gaines procedure is one of such procedures. In which there is circumferential excision of L5. With L4-L5-S1 root decompression, with L4-S1 reduction fixation & fusion. MATERIALS and METHODS: A25-year-old lady with lumbosacral spondyloptosis with incapacitating low back pain & neurological claudication, was treated by the Gaines procedure in 2 stages : In 1st stage in supine, the anterior lumbosacral spine was approached through transperitoneal approach and the body of L5 was first removed to the base of the pedicles; L4-L5 & L5-S1 partial Dissectomy done ;In 2nd stage in prone, after 7 days ,residual pedicles, discs & complete neural arch of L5 removed; L4 & S1partial laminectomy done, L4-L5-S1& sacral nerve roots decompression done , and the body of L4 was reduced onto S1with pedicle screw fixation and intervening 10 mm height TLIF cage & banked autologous cancellous bone grafts from excised body all around(360 degree), further stabilized by transverse connector, all through a midline posterior approach, without complication. Initially rest for 6 wks, followed by gradual rehabilitation with LS brace done. RESULTS: Complaints of the patient have relieved completely after 3 months & now independent in ADL at 6 months. Anterior plus posterior fusion is progressive on sequential xrays. Satisfactory back ROM is achieved & full function is expected at 1 year CONCLUSION: Though Gaines procedure is technically demanding & time consuming procedure, in experienced hands, it definitely fulfils all requirements of curative surgery & yields good outcome for difficult problem of lumbosacral spondyloptosis in young patients. L5-S1 Spondyloptosis: Surgical Treatment by Two Staged GAINE'S Procedure: A Case Report


Discipline construction ensures the three basic functions of universities,i.e.cultivating students,conducting scientific research and serving the society.The college/department reference rooms are based on their specialized reference resources and play an important role in discipline building.The paper holds that the department reference rooms can make contribution to the development of discipline building through constructing a high-quality safeguarding system of references and provide deep-level information service.


Controlling a lifelog camera (10) via a first intrapersonal area network (IAN) (12) associated with a first user (14) includes detecting a second IAN (18) associated with a second user (20) in range of the first IAN (12) and capturing an image of the second user (20) with the lifelog camera (10).


In this paper we want to provide stylized facts about the business cycles in the Philippines using Baxter and King and HP filter. The paper aims to add to the existing literature in characterizing Philippines business cycle, specifically we want to describe not only the characteristic of the governing cyclical component but as well the length of each cycles. The study able to describe 3 business cycles within 1977 to 2016 in Philippines macroeconomics time series. The first cycle of 1977 – 1983 is the most volatile period which in this period include the balance of payment crisis of 1985. The last cycle of 1997 – 2016 shows the least volatile period where the Philippines experience mild political uncertainties.


This paper discusses the security issue of the item pool and transcript pool of the military online examination system,puts forward the method for encrypting the item pool and transcript pool,and carries out the implementation of JAVA code fir the encryption algorithm and decryption algorithm,and puts forward the method for preventing the illegal checking through and modifying the transcript pool,which realizes effectively the security of the item pool and transcript pool.


2 The eighteenth-century was marred by a number of significant military confrontations between the great European powers of the day. Competing interests were the primary motivator behind the nearly constant fighting that lasted throughout the century. The great powers of Europe battled bitterly for dominance and the fighting spread to their domains across the globe. The Seven Years War (1756-1763) was one of these conflicts. Taking place on four continents and involving a struggle for dominance between the world's greatest powers, England and France, the Seven Years War was a global conflict that resulted in a drastic shift in the balance of power in Europe and North America. The principle combatants were Great Britain, and Prussia fighting France, Spain, Russia, and Sweden for dominance and assertion of power in both Europe and North America. In the American colonies, where England and France were the belligerents, the conflict took on a different character than it did in Europe. In North America, the fighting was between smaller forces than in Europe and in a wholly unfamiliar terrain, foreign to the heads of state in Europe. Familiarity with the wilderness of North America became important to success, and put the Indian in a central role in determining the course of the war. Alliances with Indian Nations were crucial to military success in North America during the French and Indian War and the securing of them was the deciding factor that ultimately determined the victor of the conflict. Upon the conclusion of the war Britain acquired virtually all of France's holdings in North America and asserted itself as the dominant power on the continent. The Seven Years War, or French and Indian War as it is known in America, was thus a pivotal turning point in the history of North America whose 3 consequences would include the War of American Independence and the introduction of a new nation onto the world stage.


Purpose of the Study. Objective measurements of pulmonary function are advised as part of the chronic assessment of children with asthma, because both patients and physicians are imperfect at assessing the degree of airway obstruction without such measurements. Furthermore, it is thought that these measures might predict important disease outcomes, such as exacerbations, disease progression, and functional impairment. These investigators examined the relationship between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and subsequent asthma outcomes, specifically asthma attacks, during a longitudinal study of pediatric lung health.

Study Population. A retrospective cohort analysis of 13 842 subjects seen annually was analyzed for pulmonary …


Statement of a research problem of the operational woods with a view of formation of a uniform ecological basis, taking into account regional factors carrying out various ekologo-social and other functions


Determining the values of ASI (Acceleration Severity Index) and THIV (Theoretical Head Impact Velocity) parameters during tests allows you to assign an appropriate class for a given type of object to determine the safety level and to give the CE marking. The paper presents the methodology for determining these parameters based on the EN 1317-1 and EN 12767 standards. The paper also presents a tool created with the use of the Python programming language, which, based on the results of experimental tests or the results of numerical calculations, allows to determine the ASI and THIV values. The values of key parameters from the point of view of normative tests were calculated based on the results of experimental tests of the road sign supporting mast and numerical analysis carried out for the same case using the Finite Element Method and LS-Dyna software, following the EN 12767 standard.


Production and perception of syllables in a second language (L2) that has relatively complex syllable structure, such as English, is expected to be difficult for native speakers of a language with relatively simple syllable structure, such as Japanese. A series of experiments investigated the perception, production, and learning of English syllables by native Japanese speakers. Results showed that Japanese speakers' ability to count syllables in spoken English words is closely related to the syllable complexity of the stimuli, while their production of English words showed more instances of epenthetic vowels for words containing voiced than voiceless consonants. In addition, improved skills in syllable perception did not lead to an improvement in production ability. Together, these results suggest that native Japanese speakers have considerable difficulties in both production and perception of syllables in spoken English, but the relationship between L2 syllable production and perception does not appear to be straightforward.


The initial deformation characteristics, further instability, and final failure patterns of rock slope subjected to seismic load are related to the geomaterials, geological structure, geometry of slope and seismic condition. The classifications of rock slope failure patterns related to earthquake magnitude can be divided into rock fall, rock block slide, rock slide, rock slump and rock topple (Keefer, 1984). To explore the seismic behaviors of rock slope, a series of shaking table tests of scaled rock slope physical models on an inclined base plane and with two joint sets being mutually perpendicular to each other were conducted. In addition, the acceleration responses on the top, bottom and half height of the slope model were recorded, and the images of the model were captured simultaneously during the shaking table tests. All of the captured images were analyzed by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) method to acquire the velocity, acceleration and initial deformation characteristics of the slope model. The experimental results show that (1) the peak acceleration responses on the top of slope model are greater than those on the other positions; (2) the captured images and PIV analysis demonstrate that the deformation characteristics are dependent on the angle of the inclined base plane and the peak ground acceleration (PGA); (3) the failure patterns including toppling, rock fall and rock block sliding are observed. Furthermore, a PIV verification procedure is proposed to ensure the accuracy of the velocity and acceleration acquired from PIV analysis.


Results for the bulk modulus approximation of the solid molecular tritium were calculated by means of simulations with ab initio methods. The selected method does not take into account the beta decay of tritium and its effects on the solid properties. These properties, which were obtained by this methodology, has been tested on experimental data of hydrogen and deuterium [1]. With bulk module calculates the speed of sound by getting information about the changes occurring in the solid phase and behavioral approaches by the equation of state for this system or more complex Deuterium-Tritium (DT), which is used as fuel in target of the systems Inertial Confinement Fusion. This work is presented as a step before to solid DT analysis and mechanical properties. In addition the atomic structure is studied for solid state molecular tritium, showing the transition phase of I to II in solid phase to temperatures of 15 K, this transition shows consistency with the results presented for hydrogen but with a shift in the pressure [2,3].


. Based on the author's observation and confusions of undergraduates in ethnic minority college, it is found that most students are not able to distinguish such terms as root, stem and base in specific words. They do not know to what level they should analyze the root, they feel confused about the stem in words without inflectional affix attached and they do not know how to identify the base in words with both derivational and inflectional morphemes or in words with two or more than two derivational morphemes. To help students clearly understand, identifyanddistinguishthethreeterms,thispaperfirstreviewedthedefinitionsand typesofthethreeterms,andhighlightedtheirdifferencesandrelationship.Then,it analyzedthespecificwordsintermsofthethreeconcepts.Last,toanswerstudents' questions,itisconcludedthattoidentifytheroot,alltheaffixesshouldberemoved andtherootusuallybelongtoalexicalcategorythatcanbefoundintheEnglish dictionary,thattoidentifythestem,onlyinflectionalaffixesshouldberemoved andifthereisnoinflectionalaffixesattached,stemwillnotbediscussedandthatto identifythebaseinwordswithbothderivationalandinflectionalmorphemes,the inflectionalmorphemeshouldbedeletedfirstandthenderivationalmorphemes andinwordswithmorethantwoderivationalmorphemes,whichoneshouldbe removedfirstdependsonthecontributionitmakestotheformationandmeaning ofthewords.


In this paper, an advanced double SOI CMOS pixel detector termination with trench interspace is investigated. The proposed termination, where horizontal structure is replaced by the vertical structure, leads to an optimal distribution of electric fields and improves the breakdown voltage. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional physical level simulation results show that the termination presents superior breakdown and charge collection characteristics compared with the conventional termination structure even under irradiation. In addition, the impact of trench interspace dimension and oxide plug structure on the breakdown voltage of pixel detector have been studied.


The invention discloses a system and a method for monitoring an underground excavation site in a mine by utilizing sound wave. Sensors, an signal transmission link and a data control center which are fixed in laneways or ground surface near the excavation site under a well perform monitoring on the underground excavation site; the sensors acquire sound wave signals sent by excavation site blasting, rocks bursting, or tools impacting rocks, attach precise time information and send the signals to the data center; and the data center analyzes the signals sent by the sensors, determines a series of values of precise time or sound wave peak values when the sensors induct sound wave peak values, and calculates out a three-dimension coordinate of the underground excavation site.


Expectile Value at Risk (E-VaR) is conventionally used for measuring risk in random environments. In this study, we introduce Fuzzy E-VaR (FE-VaR) while focusing on the credibility distributions of fuzzy variables. In the proposed models, FE-VaR values are minimized to obtain risk-averse decisions for some fuzzy network optimization problems. The cost coefficients are assumed to be non-negative fuzzy variables with known credibility distributions. To validate the efficiency, some simulation studies are finally presented.


THE Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency's (AHVLA's) plans for competitive tendering for TB testing could have 'a dramatic impact on rural veterinary practices and fail to address quality control issues surrounding tests for bovine tuberculosis', according to research undertaken at Cardiff University. The research was conducted by Gareth Enticott, of the Centre for Business Relationships, Accountability Sustainability and Society at Cardiff, as part of an Economic and Social Research Councilfunded project investigating the social factors influencing decisions in veterinary regulation. He suggests that the plans could have 'a considerable impact on the provision of rural veterinary services and may not deliver expected financial or quality benefits'. The AHVLA recently held a consultation exercise on its proposed approach to competitive tendering for TB testing services in England. In doing so, it said its preferred approach was for testing to be delivered by a network of private veterinary practices in specified geographic regions ( VR, September 24, 2011, vol 169, p 321 ). According to Dr Enticott, 'Rural practices in some parts of the country have become hugely reliant on TB testing: it underwrites their ability to provide veterinary services in rural areas. Practices that miss out on a contract are going to suffer.' He compares the AHVLA's plans for testing in England with the situation that exists in New Zealand: 'New Zealand contracted TB testing starting in 2003, but most of the contracts have gone to a stateowned enterprise that had previously done all the testing. Veterinary practices have not had much of a look in, and business models that relied on a network of practices to Another finding from his research is that male vets are statistically more likely to find cattle infected with bovine TB than female vets. Dr Enticott says that there is no clear reason to explain the difference, but suggests: 'One explanation may be that female vets are often younger, newer to bovine TB testing and less experienced than male vets. This might mean that they are less likely to classify borderline cases as positive. Similarly, older (male) vets may be more likely to classify borderline cases as reactors because of their bovine TB testing experience or close relationships with farmers.' He believes that the results of his research could have implications for future quality control methods: 'The government has been concerned about the quality of bovine TB testing for some time. Countries like Ireland already use a system of performance indicators to audit testers. But these results show that method to be too simplistic and could lead to false comparisons between vets. A better way of dealing with quality control would be to reduce the conflict of interest that exists when vets test farmers who are also their clients.'


The article makes a deep analysis of the existing research fruits and tries to further the development of this subject.It begins with a study review,and then the concept of culture,tourism and the culture of travel and tourism are discussed.The paper also argues some tendencies that should be avoided.


This article argues for a pedagogy that attends to emotion as a crucial, epistemological component of rhetorical education. After exploring dominant cultural tropes for understanding emotion, I examine examples of how these discourses materialize in popular culture. I then draw from classroom moments to analyze the possibilities for and complexities of studying emotion in the classroom.


We describe a patient who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of concealed left lateral and anteroseptal accessory pathways. After successful elimination of the concealed left anterolateral accessory pathway, the earliest retrograde atrial activation was located in the His‐bundle region. Complete elimination of the accessory pathway conduction was achieved with a radiofrequency energy application from the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 544‐546, May 2003)


The CAE-oriented parametric model of extrusion die is established by the APDL,and the stepwise meshing strategy and the boundary condition of wall slip are applied,3-D numerical simulation of the flowing process of plastics melt of complex profile in die channel is fulfilled and the velocity distribution and pressure distribution in die channel are gained.Based on the results of finite element analysis,the optimization objective of the model is that the average current velocity of each domain in the cross sections of extrusion profile is equal,and some important structure parameters of die are optimized.The flowing balance of plastics melt is improved after optimization.The correctness and validity of the method are illustrated through the optimization design and the experiment of extrusion die for SF56 profile.