This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the sustainable impact of FDI on the development of host African countries. Previous empirical studies seem to have overestimated the impact of FDI by limiting its effects to one aspect or sub-aspect of sustainable development. This study focuses on the sustainable/net effect of FDI on development in Africa. To achieve this, a multidimensional model that combines two opposing views (mainstream theory of economic development and dependent theory) was tested. Panel data of 35 African countries with the PMG/ARDL approach were used to probe the sustainable effect of FDI from 1990 to 2020. The key findings of this study reveal that the overall estimated sustainable effect of FDI on real GDP per capita is statistically minuscule for the entire sample. Thus, the effect of FDI on the development of host African countries is not inherently more important. The most striking result that emerged from the data is that environmental degradation is the dominant variable that adversely influences overall development in Africa. Another striking finding that emerged from the data is that income inequality, in general, has a significant negative impact on real GDP per capita in the long run. More importantly, the results of this study confirm that CO2, GINI, and GOV play important roles in the relationship between FDI and African development. Estimates of the error correction term for each specific country are negative and statistically significant. The fastest speed of adjustment was observed in Morocco, while the lowest was recorded in South Africa. Furthermore, this study presents different policy implications based on the long-term results.


This paper reviews the current literature on factors that may contribute to perfectionism. The literature focuses primarily on two types of perfectionism: self-oriented perfectionism and socially-prescribed perfectionism. Research suggests that parental perfectionism and expectations contribute to child self-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism; however, this relationship is moderated by gender and affects each type of perfectionism differently. Authoritarian parenting style and internalization of parental values also affect socially-prescribed perfectionism and self-oriented perfectionism respectively. Academic achievement, personality, and genetics have also been found to play a role in the development of both types of perfectionism. This review concludes that that multiple factors and experiences are involved in fostering self-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism.


Cindy Morris is Director of the Plant Pathology Research Unit at INRA's research center in Avignon, a unit that focuses on diseases of horticultural crops. On May 9th 2009 she received the Distinguished Alumni award from Lyman Briggs College at Michigan State University for her research contributions as a scientist, but also for her atypical career path, her energy, her world experience and for her contributions to society.


This paper is about a novel way to share VE savings realized between the U.S. Government and the contractor, how it came about, how it reduces contract administration effort, provides the contractor with instant pay-back on his investment and provides the U.S. Government with its fair share of the savings. It outlines when to use and when not to use the proposed sharing plan.


Systematic, random and gross errors are considered the main problems facing those working in the photo-triangulation processes. The influence of systematic errors on photo-measurements may include lens distortion, film deformation, refraction and other distortions. Usually, these types of errors can be solved by the calibration process. Meanwhile, the traditional least-squares method was used to adjust photogrammetric data in order to solve the problems of random errors. In case observations contain gross errors, the reliability of least-squares estimates is strongly affected. In this paper, two independent mathematical models (photo-variant self-calibration and robust estimation) are combined for solving and processing the problems of systematic and gross errors in one step. Also, this paper investigated the effectiveness of robust estimation models on solving gross errors in close-range photogrammetric data sets that require photo bundle adjustment solution. The results of investigation indicate that all robust methods have the advantage of detecting and removing gross errors over the least squares method especially in cases of observation contains large-sized errors. Moreover, the Modified M-estimator (IGGIII) method has the best performance and accuracy. Furthermore, gross error was also revealed in the residuals.


This Grant covers MIT support for the technology development of x-ray reflection gratings for the Constellation-X Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS). Since the start of the Grant MIT has extended its previously-developed patterning and super-smooth, blazed grating fabrication technology to ten-times smaller grating periods and ten-times larger blaze angles to demonstrate feasibility and performance in the off-plane grating geometry. In the past year we successfully developed several nanoimprint grating replication methods that achieved very high fidelity replication of master silicon gratings. Grating geometry on the nano and macro scales were faithfully replicated, demonstrating the viability of the process for manufacturing the thousands of gratings required for the RGS. We also successfully developed an improved metrology truss for holding test grating substrates during metrology. The flatness goal of grating substrates is under 500 nm. In the past, grating holders would cause non-repeatable distortion of >> 500 nm to the substrates due to friction and gravity sag. The new holder has a repeatability of under 50 nm which is adequate for the proposed RGS grating substrates.


Foreword E. Klein, D. Kretzmer. On the Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Emergence of the Doctrine of the Dignity of Man and His Rights Y. Arieli. `Dignity of Man' and `Persona' in Stoic Anthropology: Some Remarks on Cicero, De Officiis I, 105-107 H. Cancik. Legal Roots of Human Dignity in German Law J. Eckert. Blood and the Image of God: On the Sanctity of Life in Biblical and Early Rabbinic Law, Myth, and Ritual Y. Lorberbaum. Can Ethical Maxims be Derived from Theological Concepts of Human Dignity? D. Ritschl. Human Dignity in a Rabbinical Perspective C. Safrai. The Founding Function of Human Dignity in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights K. Dicke. Human Dignity in International Law J.Abr. Frowein. Human Dignity as a Constitutional Value A. Chaskalson. Human Dignity in German Law E. Klein. Human Dignity in Israeli Jurisprudence D. Kretzmer. The Religious and Philosophical Background of Human Dignity and its Place in Modern Constitutions C. Starck. Dignity als a Modern Virtue M. Meyer. Humiliation, Dignity and Self-Respect D. Statman. Honor and Dignity Cultures: The Case of Kavod and Kvod Ha-Adam in Israeli Society and Law O. Kamir. Honor, Dignity and the Framing of Multiculturalist Values D. Weisstub. Index.


This paper reports on an attempt to use CD and CD/PHB ICs as nucleation agents for PHB in a high-speed melt spinning process. At first rheological and thermal properties of the nucleated melts are determined in order to assess the influence of the nucleating agents. Then spinning tests are carried out. Thermal and textile properties of the spun PHB fibers are also determined. An estimation of the improvement of inhibition of the secondary crystallization from use of the described blood compatible nucleating agents is given.


requires structuralism for the most effective utilization of the literary text. Taking a cue from the work of Dilthey, McKnight finds the point of mediation to be man himself. The existential and the structural are integrated and held in equilibratory tension by the dynamic, developing, active—reactive mental structure of man as participant in creation, understanding, and interpretation of the text. Therefore, narrative hermeneutics unites the text and the creative capacity of man as author and reader, demanding an inclusive systems approach to interpretation as a harmonious enterprise involving plural, interacting levels of language, literature, and meaning.


The present study tested the Supreme Court's assumption that jurors discount a coerced confession as unreliable and do not allow it to influence their decisions. In two experiments, subjects read a transcript of a trial in which testimony revealed that the defendant had confessed either on his own accord (no constraint), in response to an offer of leniency (positive constraint), in response to a threat of punishment (negative constraint), or not at all (control group). In Experiment 1, subjects discounted the negatively induced confession. However, their estimates of the probability that the defendant committed the crime were increased not only by the unconstrained confession, but by the positively constrained one as well. Experiment 2 essentially replicated this pattern for probability-of-commision estimates and verdicts despite the additional finding that the positively constrained confession was in fact perceived as involuntary. The potential danger of admitting the latter as evidence was noted and specific recommendations were made.


The redesign of the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) required a flexible and scalable PSU sample to be able to respond to future and changing budget levels and precision needs. It was assumed that the future sample for NASS could have between 16 primary sampling units (PSUs) and 101 PSUs for the Crash Report Sampling System module, and between 16 PSUs and 96 PSUs for the Crash Investigation Sampling System module. This paper describes an approach that allows the number of PSU strata, and thus depth of stratification, to change in response to changes in budget and thus total PSU sample sizes. Conditional probabilities are calculated that allow the PSUs in the largest PSU sample to be subsampled as needed to meet future budgetary levels.


Most existing work assumes that child soldiers are under-aged males. Girl soldiers have largely been neglected so far, although they frequently have important roles in rebel groups. One reason for this shortcoming has been the lack of comprehensive and systematic data on female child soldiers over a larger time period. To address this gap, the following article introduces the Girl Child Soldier Dataset (G-CSDS), which provides – based on academic, IGO, NGO, government, and media sources – information on the number of girl soldiers and their functions (supporters or combatants) in rebel groups between 1989 and 2013. The dataset can be easily combined with other data based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), and we demonstrate its usefulness with descriptive statistics and a regression analysis that is informed by previous research on women's participation in armed groups. Among other interesting findings, the corresponding results suggest that there are crucial differences between girl combatants and those active in more supportive roles. We conclude that the G-CSDS provides a central platform of easily accessible information that will be useful to scholars and practitioners working on civil conflict, human rights, armed groups, or demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration (DDR) programs.


Stroke rehabilitation in Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II: A cross sectional study.
Factors affecting arrival time of acute ischaemic stroke patients in Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Outcomes of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention in patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
Use smartphone application to save life in patients of acute ischemic stroke.
Frailty and its association with characteristics and outcomes of older persons with acute stroke.
Factors contributing to mortality and prolonged length of stay among older persons admitted with acute stroke.
Assessment of effect of age on glasgow coma scale (gcs) and national institutes of health stroke scale (nihss) in stroke patients.


pearance. The authors' results indicated several things. First, the formation of dXMP anions is complete within the lifetime of prehydrated electrons. Second, dGMP and dAMP are more efficient at capturing prehydrated electrons than dTMP and dCMP. Finally, transient dAMP and dCMP are stable anions, whereas 60% of dGMP ions and 35% of dTMP ions dissociate. By comparing transient photon absorption in solutions of DNA bases with that of solutions of nucleotides, Wang et al. concluded that the prehydrated electrons attach specifically to the DNA base within dXMP molecules. Thus, the transfer of prehydrated electrons to G and T bases can break apart two of the basic components of DNA. Because most of the radiation damage caused to cellular DNA occurs through the generation of reactive species within the surrounding water, the authors' proposed mechanism of dissociative electron transfer might be responsible for a large portion of such damage (Fig. 1). The formation of transient anions by attachment of near-zero-energy electrons to the bases of DNA is known from both experiments and theory to break single strands in duplexes under dry conditions. In water, such anions may exist in lower energy states, which means that prehydrated electrons should produce single-strand breaks more easily. Indeed, Wang et al. found that significant quantities of singleand double-strand breaks of irradiated aqueous DNA are induced by prehydrated electrons. In cancer treatment, low-energy secondary electrons are believed to be at least partially responsible for the enhancement of tumour regression observed when radiation is administered at the same time as a chemotherapeutic agent. For the anticancer agent cisplatin, this superadditive effect has been attributed to the formation of transient anions at cisplatin's binding site in the DNA of cancer cells. It has previously been shown that the lowest energy state of transient anions of cisplatin lies very close to the energy of prehydrated electrons. Taken together with the current paper, this suggests that dissociative transfer of prehydrated electrons may have an important role in chemoradiation therapy. Wang and colleagues' discovery contests the long-held notion that ionizing radiation damages the genome mostly through the action of hydroxyl radicals. Their newly proposed molecular mechanism of DNA damage could have far-reaching consequences for our understanding of the reactions of weakly bound electrons in biological systems (of which there are many), and may also help in the development of new strategies for radioprotection and cancer radiotherapy. ■


FIELD: radio engineering, television. SUBSTANCE: satellite receiving gear for coded digital television signals incorporates device intended for orientation of receiving antenna which is sensitive to some errors included in coded digital TV signals. Correction of errors is possible if number of errors is below threshold value and is not possible if number of errors is above threshold value. Angle of elevation of antenna is set in accordance with position of reception. After this azimuth of antenna is established coarsely by first rotation of antenna through small increments to find region within which correction of errors is possible. During this process of coarse orientation tuning device tries to determine position of tuning frequency on which demodulation and correction of errors are possible. If after search through full range of frequencies needed frequency is not found antenna is turned through small increment. When position where correction of errors is possible is found procedure of fine orientation is initiated. During it antenna is turned to determine boundaries of azimuthal arc within which continuous correction of errors is possible. Finally antenna is set so that it will be approximately in the middle between two boundaries of this arc. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of method.


Similarity search is an important function in many applications, which usually focuses on measuring the similarity between objects with the same type. However, in many scenarios, we need to measure the relatedness between objects with different types. With the surge of study on heterogeneous networks, the relevance measure on objects with different types becomes increasingly important. In this paper, we study the relevance search problem in heterogeneous networks, where the task is to measure the relatedness of heterogeneous objects (including objects with the same type or different types). A novel measure HeteSim is proposed, which has the following attributes: (1) a uniform measure: it can measure the relatedness of objects with the same or different types in a uniform framework; (2) a path-constrained measure: the relatedness of object pairs are defined based on the search path that connects two objects through following a sequence of node types; (3) a semi-metric measure: HeteSim has some good properties (e.g., selfmaximum and symmetric), which are crucial to many data mining tasks. Moreover, we analyze the computation characteristics of HeteSim and propose the corresponding quick computation strategies. Empirical studies show that HeteSim can effectively and efficiently evaluate the relatedness of heterogeneous objects.


The guidance needs of disadvantaged groups are many and various, so ways of responding to them are unsurprisingly varied too. The diversity of clients and the organisations that work with them is reflected in the pages of this journal, as are the differing perspectives of the providers, the clients and the practitioners. The editors have provided the unusual opportunity to set out the wider context of a research project designed explicitly to influence the practical and political world. The nature of this design process is the subject of this article.


Several instantaneous optimization strategies for rate and/or power allocation in the coded V-BLAST are studied analytically. Outage probabilities and system capacities of these strategies in a spatial multiplexing system are compared under generic settings. The conventional waterfilling algorithm is shown to be suboptimal for the coded V-BLAST and a new algorithm ("fractional water-filling") is proposed, which simultaneously maximizes the system capacity and minimizes the outage probability. Closed-form performance analysis of the considered algorithms is given, and the fractional water-filling algorithm is shown to attain the full MIMO channel diversity, significantly outperforming other strategies. Many of the results also apply to generic multi-stream transmission systems (e.g. spatial multiplexing on the channel eigenmodes, OFDM) or the systems relying on successive interference cancelation (multi-user detection, channel equalization).


This paper presents a method for evaluating and classifying rotorcraft safety enhancing equipment in terms of impact on safety and various equipment installation factors. Guidance from certifying agency policy and system safety standard practice were considered, resulting in a classification tool that can be used to determine if equipment should be marketed and sold as either mandatory or optional. The methodology that was developed may have applications for other products and industries.


An indirect-ELISA for the detection and quantification of IgG antibody against duck viral enteritis (DVE) in serum was standardized using the DVE virion as coating antigen. The DVE virion was highly specific and had no cross-reactions with the positive sera of other seven duck diseases. The assay was highly reproducible with a less than 10% coefficient of variability percent (C.V%) in intro-batch and inter-batch tests, and showed 100% concordance with neutralization test. Antibodies could be detected on day 7 post-immunization (PI) in ducks. Therefore, the indirect-ELISA assay would provide a simple and rapid means for monitoring DVE infection and assessing vaccination in the field.


Jeju island is the biggest island in Korea. The imports of pigs or their relatives from mainland Korea to this island has been banned since 1998. With this unique geographical and epidemiological context, epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was investigated on the island. While all investigated farms showed 100% of seropositive rate for PRRSV, pigs on 37.2% (16/43) of the farms had viremia with type II PRRSV. The seropositive and viremia-positive rates for PRRSV in 30- to 60-day-old pigs were significantly higher in the western area ('swine farm complex' area) than the eastern area ('Scattered swine farm' area) of Jeju island. When 21 ORF5 sequences obtained from viremic sera were phylogenetically analysed, lineage 5 and Kor (newly termed in this study) of type II PRRSV were only found in Jeju island without changes from a previous report (2002-2003). Because other lineages of type II PRRSV (lineage 1 and 3) and type I PRRSV have recently emerged in mainland Korea, the banning of pigs' movement might be effective to protect the island from the introduction of these new PRRSV genotypes. Under this epidemiological condition (no introduction of new strains except for the modified-live vaccine (MLV) strain), the positive selection sites were analysed based on ORF5 of the virus. The amino acid 58 of GP5 (located on the hypervariable region) was predicted as a strong positive selection site. Although 51.2% (22/43) of the investigated farms had applied MLV, field strains of type II PRRSV were still circulating with strong positive selection. However, the restricted population of type II PRRSV (lineage 5 and Kor) without introduction of type I PRRSV or the other lineages of type II PRRSV indicate that the island has an effective quarantine system, which would allow PRRSV eradication.


This research aims to determine the effect of Leader Member Exchange (LMX) and Team Member Exchange (TMX) on employee performance through Affective Commitment. The population in this study were all employees of PT Perkebunan Nusantara X. The analytical tool used was Path Analysis by collecting basic data through questionnaires. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that LMX and TMX has a significant effect on positive affective commitment, while LMX has no significant positive effect on employee performance, TMX has a significant effect on employee performance, and affective commitment has a significant effect on employee performance. Therefore, affective commitment is a good intervening variable, especially on the effect of LMX and TMX toward employee performance.

Keywords: Leader Member Exchange, Team Member Exchange, Human Resources Management


Figures viii 1. The Cultural Politics of Dietary Health 1 2. Scientific Moralization and the Beginning of Modern Dietary Reform 13 3. Anxiety and Aspiration on the Nutrition Front 45 4. From Microscopes to "Macroscopes" 80 5. Thinness as Health, Self-Control, and Citizenship 109 6. Connecting the Dots: Dietary Reform Past, Present, and Future 150 Notes 157 Bibliography 185 Acknowledgments 199 Index 203


In recent years, due to the close coupling between airports, airport risk propagation has become a huge challenge. However, it has not been fully understood on the network level. Airport risk can be transferred through other airports owing to connected resources. In this study, we consider two risk factors including airport delay and saturation and propose a risk coupling model based on a clustering algorithm to fit the index and form risk series. To understand the risk propagation mechanism, we build risk propagation networks based on the Granger Causality test, and we apply complex network theory to analyze the evolution of the risk propagation network. We study the regular pattern of risk propagation from perspectives of time and space. Through network analysis, we find four time stages in the risk propagation process and the participation of airports in risk propagation has a positive correlation with airport sizes. In addition, more large airports tend to prevent risk propagation in unoccupied and normal situations, while small airports perform better than large airports in busy situations. Via the conclusion, our work can assist airlines or air traffic managers in controlling the scale of risk propagation before its key time turning point. By identifying the critical airport level and related factors in risk propagation, they can also reduce single airport risk and risk participation through corresponding risk control measures, finally avoiding the large-scale spread of risk and reducing delay or cancellation of more flights.


The effect of hydrogen bonding on the diffusivities of two almost identical fluorescent probes through polyamides was examined using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). The two molecules have the same geometry and a negligible difference in their molecular weight, the main difference confined is one characteristic group able to form a hydrogen bond with the polyamide matrices. Moreover, the effect of hydration on the diffusion coefficients and the plasticization activation energy is also studied as the experiments are repeated in various relative humidity environments. The differences in the diffusivities of the two molecules due to hydrogen bonding were as much as one order of magnitude regardless the matrix or the water content. In addition, it is shown that the plasticization activation energy of diffusion is also affected by matrix—diffusant interactions as the relevant values of the two examined diffusing molecules showed noticeable differences due to hydrogen bonding. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers


Thailand has been known as a top agricultural exporter in the world. But in every year, we miss a lot of opportunities to export some agricultural products due to drought condition. In the years 2017 and 2018, the areas in risk of a drought crisis were 47 areas throughout the whole country amounting to around 1.5 million acres. There was not enough water to grow plants in these areas. As a matter of fact, Thailand is located near the equator which has more cumulative rainfall volume than any other areas in the world. Still, drought crisis happens every year. One of the reasons behind this may be lack of valid predictive information. Weather information is very important for an agricultural country. Thailand has not invested sufficiently in building an effective weather sensor network. A compromise has been made by employing high technology to produce rain in specific areas instead to alleviate drought crisis. This work was a design and development of a high-and-low-altitude air observation system suitable for rainmaking process in Thailand that aimed to reduce the import of advanced and expensive technology.


Recanalization of chronic total occlusions of coronary vessels is a wide-spread catheter intervention with proven bene-fit for the patient. However, it incorporates a certain risk of penetrating the vessel as well as increasing patient's expo-sure to radiation and contrast agent with longer procedural time. As with many medical applications, the physician's expertise is a key to successful interventions. In this work, we present a specially designed model circuit, which provides CTO-training for interventional cardiologists. As a test scenario, a silicone model of a coronary vessel is modified to ex-hibit comparable haptic properties of a CTO with and without microchannels. Expert evaluation in the development phase will ensure a realistic haptic impression of the model. Extending the state-of-the-art, a special guide wire from the HapCath project with a diameter of 0.014 inch and an integrated force sensor at the tip can measure the intracorporal forces of the intervention. Additionally, a modified torquer with an integrated single-axis force sensor is used to meas-ure the forces executed by the cardiologist during the test procedure. The movement of the guide wire is measured by an encoder in order to assess movement-based quality criteria. A camera setup with software filtering is used to obtain an x-ray-like image of the training scenario that can be used with a human-machine-interface similar to a real operat-ing setup. Applied x-ray and contrast agent doses can be measured as well. Thus, a new training and evaluation setting for CTO training with haptic feedback will be developed to optimize training in interventional cardiology and to evalu-ate new technologies for the interventional treatment of these challenging scenarios. The setup will also help to evalu-ate whether haptic facilitates the CTO-intervention.


With the increase of information processing speed, more and more engine optimization work can be processed automatically. The quick-response closed-loop control method is becoming an urgent demand for the combustion control of modern internal combustion engines. In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN) and polynomial functions are used to predict the emission and engine performance based on seven parameters extracted from the in-cylinder pressure trace information of over 3000 cases. Based on the prediction model, the optimal combustion parameters are found with two different intelligent algorithms, including genetical algorithm and fish swarm algorithm. The results show that combination of quadratic function with genetical algorithm is able to obtain the appropriate combustion control parameters. Both engine emissions and thermal efficiency can be virtually predicted in a much faster way, such that enables a promising way to achieve fast and reliable closed-loop combustion control.


Abstract The advection–diffusion of a small surface element of scalar in three dimensions (or of a small line element in two dimensions) is solved analytically thanks to the Ranz transform (Ranz, AIChE J., vol. 25, issue 1, 1979, pp. 41–47). As the quantum or elementary brick of any complex mixture, we call this element a diffuselet. Its evolution is computed numerically from the integration of the velocity gradient along the trajectory, as classically done for the Lyapunov exponents. The concentration profile across the diffuselet is obtained from the product of its initial orientation with a dimensionless tensor. Averaging over all initial orientations yields simple formulae for the mean scalar variance and the scalar probability distribution function (p.d.f.). This technique is then applied to two-dimensional and three-dimensional sine flows, in excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations. For these simple flows, the temporal integration is obtained analytically leading to simple integrals for the scalar variance and p.d.f. Statistics of stretching rates are calculated as well. The Lyapunov exponent is close to the value for short-time correlated flows (Kraichnan, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 64, issue 4, 1974, pp. 737–762) in the case of a small displacement during each step; it is close to the value for a simple shear in the case of a large displacement. The p.d.f. of stretching factors are log normal with a ratio between the mean and the variance equal to half the dimension of space for small displacements (in agreement with Kraichnan, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 64, issue 4, 1974, pp. 737–762), but increases strongly for large displacements.


Objective:To explore an effective method for improving self-nursing ability of the patient through surveying the self-nursing effects for the patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:Using questionnaire and following up,70 selected cases with more than two relapsing for their self-nursing ability on their disease needs and control.Results:(1)34.29%of the cases had the effective self-nursing ability;(2)High educationalbackground patients had more effective self-nursing ability comparing with the less educationp's(P0.05).(3)There were no significant difference for the patients on their age and in-ward frequency.Conclusion:Self-nursing ability has adirect effect on diseases control of the CHD.More effective self-nursing ability,more effective disease control for the patient.So the self-nursing quality control of CHD must be into the whole nursing quality management system.


Voracity and prey preference were evaluated for adult females of the predatory bugs Anthocoris nemorum (L.) and Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) preying upon five species of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae), of which Myzus persicae Sulzer, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and Aphis gossypii Glover are common pests in Danish glasshouse crops. Aphis fabae Scopoli was included to determine the influence of food quality on the preference of the predators, since A. fabae has proved to be of poor nutritional value to Anthocoris spp. The experiments were carried out over 24 h in climate cabinets at 20 °C, 60–70% r.h., L18:D6. The aphids were offered in equal amounts in combinations of two species in instars of comparable size. Myzus persicae served as a reference species in all combinations. Both predators accepted all five species of aphids as prey. The numbers of aphids killed per 24 h period varied between 3.7 and 18.0 for A. nemorum and between 3.6 and 12.7 for A. nemoralis. Field collected A. nemorum females, presumably in a state of reproductive diapause, killed in three of four prey combinations significantly more aphids than did ovipositing A. nemoralis females which originated from a commercial rearing. When A. nemorum females had terminated their reproductive diapause and commenced oviposition, voracity increased approximately threefold. When prey preferences were evaluated as a total number of killed prey, no difference in preference was found between the two Anthocoris species. Both predatory bugs preferred M. persicae to the other species, the most accepted alternative prey were A. gossypii, A. fabae, A. solani, and M. euphorbiae, in descending order. However, evaluating preference by number of aphids consumed, A. nemoralis showed a more pronounced preference for M. persicae, especially when combined with A. fabae. In nearly every case, A. nemoralis rejected A. fabae as a food item after killing the aphid. Thus, A. nemoralis exhibited a more specific food choice than A. nemorum. By killing and consuming different aphid species found in glasshouse crops – particularly M. persicae– both A. nemorum and A. nemoralis showed preliminary qualities as agents for the biological control of aphids.


The protection of electrical plant, equipment, and components in aerospace applications is currently a hot research topic, with particular attention being paid to parallel arc fault detection. It is well known that many conventional thermal magnetic breakers do not offer adequate protection against arc faults, and the results can be similar to those produced by a short-circuit; electric faults are one of the main causes of failures in aircrafts, and their effects can be even catastrophic. For these reasons, it is mandatory to employ effective protection devices in order to quickly detect and isolate the failures. Overcurrent and overload protection is well carried out by conventional thermal and magnetic breakers; unfortunately, reliability is not assured when the fault is due to an arc.


management and organizational behavior alone, some sixteen different workbooks are designed to enable the teacher to utilize the &dquo;hands on&dquo; approach to learning. Various theorists and practitioners extol the virtues of such an approach; involvement, participation, interest and motivation are just a few of the effects associated with this model of learning (Kuntz, 1975). The advantage of the experiential approach is that it combines content and process: the participants experience the issues and identify them intellectually. The participant is encouraged to explore his learning


The paper shows a moving least squares reconstruction technique applied to the B-spline Material Point Method (B-spline MPM). It has been shown previously that B-spline MPM can reduce grid-crossing errors inherent in the original Material Point Method. However, in the large deformation regime where the gridcrossing occurs more frequently, the convergence rate of B-spline MPMis lower. In this paper, moving least squares reconstruction is employed to retrieve the expected convergence rate. The proposed improvement is examined in terms of the spatial convergence using the methods of manufactured solutions for large deformations.


Data comprised of a list of 123 articles published in the English language in Q1 and Q2 journals between 2009 and February 2019. These articles describe research studies in which the critical thinking of students in higher education settings was measured.


Twin binaries were identified among the eclipsing binaries with $\delta$>--30$^\circ$ listed in the ASAS catalog. In addition to the known twin binaries in the literature, 68 new systems have been identified, photometric and spectroscopic observations were done. Color, spectral type, temperature, ratio of radii and masses of the components have been derived and presented. Including 12 twin binary systems that exist in both ASAS and the catalogue of absolute parameters of detached eclipsing binary stars, a total of 80 twin detached binary systems have been statistically studied. A comparison of the spectral type distribution of the twins with those of detached eclipsing binary stars in the ASAS database showed that the spectral type distribution of twins is similar to that of detached systems. This result has been interpreted as there is no special formation mechanism for twins than for normal detached binaries. As a result of our case study for HD~154010, a twin binary, we presented the precise physical parameters of the system.


In the world of composition teaching, teachers of writing play just as vital role. Their tasks are demonstrating, motivating, supporting, responding, and evaluating. The days of these teachers are often filled with editing and additional feedback sessions. Thus, in order to have a web especially designed as a tool for learning to write in ESL, the five tasks mentioned by Harmer should be made as important points to consider (teachers' preferences). The content of such web should be also based on careful considerations that include factors like students' preferences (user experience). It is to make sure that the web being created meets the preference of the users. With the thoughts, two groups of students were gathered in a study involving two writing classes in which online technology being used as a platform for students and Instructor to exchange ideas, review and edit drafts, provide writing tips links and leave comments on others' pieces of writing. Students' online activities were observed and their feedback during group discussion was used as the base to construct the content of the web.


It has become one of the focus topics that using CT (Computer Technology) to obtain asphalt internal microstructure, but combining CT scan cross-sectional different characteristics to carry out digital image processing is rare at this stage, technical means that distinguishing internal material are still relatively rough and arbitrary large, can not be combined between digital image processing and mixture not damage test together effectively. This paper carried out image segmentation based on EM algorithm of Gaussian mixture model (GMM), analysis microstructure uniformity quality of asphalt mixture, and explores internal volume composition case by testing deeply. The results show that Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) used in this paper can handle CT scan tomographic images better , judge aggregate distribution of asphalt mixture by sector scan method, and evaluate uniformity distribution of asphalt mixture aggregates through aggregate particles area ratio statistical analysis, the research results of this paper can provide reference significance for asphalt microscopic field study .


The applicability of digital technologies is increasing boundlessly and so are the opportunities of the end-users, with ample opportunities to embed these technologies in the teaching and learning process. Nonetheless, classroom adoption of technologies, particularly in mathematics
 remains on the lower end of innovation in teaching and learning. To remedy this deficit, education policy makers can take advantage of the existing Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. After multiple analyses of Iranian Teachers' self -assessed TPACK, this study
 places them within the TPACK spectrum, and provides evidence-based policy recommendations. We provide avenues to enhance the effectiveness of mathematics teacher education programs in Iran. We accomplish this by surveying 399 teachers; we then quantify their self-reported assessment of their
 TPACK; we then determine how their self-reported assessment related to each construct, and their mediating roles, of technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), technological content knowledge (TCK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). We achieve this by means of structural equation modeling.
 Our results suggest the existence of high correlations among TPACK components. Additionally, PCK, TPK and TCK had mediating roles in the relationship between three main constructs TK, CK and PK.


The paper contains the results of pulping of Western Nepal hardwooda, in a mixture containing 11 species by Sulphate process. The results are encouraging for making a feasibility report for a 100 tons to per day capacity paper mill in Nepal.


Context: Severe post burns contracture in children not only leads to functional impairment but also has profound psychological impact on the child. Untreated neck contractures have been shown to inhibit mandibular growth. Skin grafting in children has a higher rate of recurrence and in these cases a thin pliable flap seems to provide a durable solution. Aim: To study the feasibility of using primarily thinned free groin flap in the treatment of recurrent neck contractures in children. Materials and Methods: Five patients, in the age group of 5–10 years, with recurrent neck contractures and operated between 2005 and 2008 were included in this study. The sternomental distance, lateral flexion angle and cervicomental angle were measured preoperatively, postoperatively and during the subsequent follow-up visits. The patients were followed up for a period between 1 and 3 years with a mean of 29 months. Results: All the flaps survived. The cervicomental angle improved significantly to 90–105°, the lateral flexion angle improved to 35–45° and the sternomental distance increased considerably. Conclusions: Recurrent post burns contracture of the neck in children causes not only functional and aesthetic impairment but also psychological problems. A free microthinned groin flap provides a very attractive solution for this problem and should be seen as an effective alternative in recurrent cases.


High proper motion stars probe several extreme stellar populations, including nearby objects, Galactic halo stars, and hyper-velocity stars. Extending the search for high proper motion stars, to faint limits can increase their numbers and help to identify interesting targets. We conduct a search for faint (r>19.5 mag) high proper motion stars (>~200 mas/yr) by comparing the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) - Data Release (DR) 10 catalog to the Pan-STARRS1-DR1 stacked image catalog. Our main selection criterion is stars that moved >1.5 arcsec and up to 7 arcsec between the SDSS and PS1 epochs. We identify 2923 high proper motion stars, of which 826 do not have proper motion in the GAIA-DR2 catalog and 565 are not listed in the GAIA-DR2 catalog. Our SDSS-PS1 proper motions are consistent with the GAIA-measured proper motions with a robust rms of about 10 mas/yr.


Objective To explore the relationship between T81 C polymorphism in HRAS gene and thyroid cancer in northern China. Methods The cases consisted of 200 patients with papillary thyroid cancer(PTC) according to pathological diagnosis were chosen from First People's Hospital,Hongqi and Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University from May2009 to April 2013. Meanwhile 200 health controls were selected based on matching age(±3),sex,without family history of cancer from the same hospital. All subjects were Han Chinese residents living in the region for more than five years. General situation(past history,genetic history,occupational history,living environment,etc.) were investigated and HRAS gene T81 C polymorphism was detected. Results Carrying TC genotype(OR=3.391,95%CI:2.164-5.314) increased the risk of papillary thyroid cancer. After adjustment of smoking,addresses,family history of thyroid disease,the mutation(T→C) increased the risk of thyroid cancer(OR=3.510,95%CI:2.127-5.792). Conclusion The variance of 81T→C in HRAS gene is related to the risk of PTC in Han nationality in northern China.


In the Netherlands, religion's influence on people's lives and actions is waning, and some reason that television has even replaced it as society's main storyteller. Based on a 2004 telephonic survey among a random sample of the Dutch population (n = 951), this study indicates that such may indeed be the case. Religion and television may both be deemed conservative storytellers, but only exposure to television seems to influence a traditional division of household labor. Religion is of no consequence here. Further, religious beliefs do not seem to determine people's subjective definition of their situation in front of the television set. Their religious beliefs appear to have no influence on people's television program genre preferences, and do not correlate to domineering behavior with respect to television program selection. These results were all unexpected. Possible reasons for these unexpected results are discussed. Religion and television 3 Religion and Watching Television People do not live in the real world. They live in a world that they perceive as the real world. They continuously and subjectively construct this world for themselves, in accordance with their stock of knowledge and in an everlasting process of negotiation with other people – whether these other people are actually present or not (Berger & Luckmann, 1966/1991). Thus, people live in a socially constructed world, and consequently, all their thoughts and actions may be regarded as fundamentally social in nature – whether these actions pertain to their religion (Berger, 1967), to the media (Renckstorf, 1996; Renckstorf & Wester, 2004), or to anything else (Mead, 1934). From such a perspective, the present study into the relationship between religion and watching television is a study of social action. But why study the relationship between religion and watching television, at all? That needs to be cleared, first. Until relatively recent, religion played a major role in the lives and actions of most people in the Netherlands. Religion helped people define the situations they found themselves in, it helped people subjectively construct their world (cf. Berger, 1967). In the last century and a half, though, secularization has severely reduced the role of religion in people's lives and society in general (Knippenberg, 1998). But still, Dutch culture is permeated by Christian religion, its values, and ideas; and substantial parts of the population still believe in God (Dekker, De Hart & Peters, 1997). Konig and Van der Slik (2004) have shown that, in the highly secularized Netherlands, religion can still not be fully separated from the rest of life. Therefore, it is to be expected that religion still influences people's lives and actions, although maybe not as strongly as in the past. Just like religion, television constitutes a phenomenon that influences people's lives and actions. Television, too, helps people understand the world they subjectively live in. Religion and television 4 Some hold that – just like religion – television determines the worldview of it's viewers (e.g., Gerbner, Gross, Morgan & Signorielli, 1980); and that it codetermines what the viewers think about (e.g., McCombs & Shaw, 1972). Television is such a popular medium that, according to Gerbner and Gross (1976), it has long since replaced old fashioned tellers – like traditional religion – in shaping the culture of the United States. "Television viewing is a ritual, almost like religion, except that it is attended to more often" (Gerbner, Gross, Signorielli, Morgan & Jackson-Beeck, 1979: 180) In the Netherlands this seems to be no different. On average, Dutch people spend almost three hours watching television, every day (Huysmans, De Haan & Van den Broek, 2004, p. 154). That means that they spend more time in front of their television sets than they – or their ancestors – ever did in Church. God is in mortal peril since he is worshiped less and less (cf. Durkheim, 1912/1995), whereas television thrives by the worship of the masses every day (see also Goethals 1990; Thomas, 1998). However, as indicated above, religion's role in people's lives and actions has not been played out yet. Religion may still be relevant for people in dealing with their subjective worlds – including television. Therefore, in this manuscript, I try to answer two highly related research questions. The first pertains to the discussion above. I compare the influence that religion and television both exert on people's lives and actions. Of course, I cannot do that for the whole of their lives and actions. That would be too complicated and grand a task. But I can do it for a tiny bit of it: the division of chores among spouses. What is the influence of religion and of television on the division of chores between men and women? Second, I relate religion to television viewing. I explore whether religion influences how people relate to its one-eyed competitor. Does religion have a say in front of the television set? If religion is still a factor of some relevancy to the interpretation of the world that people encounter in their daily lives, including television, it should. Religion and television 5 Religion and Television in Everyday Life Religion is a multi-faceted phenomenon (McGuire, 1992). There is more to it than just the belief that God exists (cf. Pratchett, 1993). People participate in rites and attend church with other people, which illustrates that religion has a social component. If they are religious, people are usually members of a religious community (Durkheim, 1912/1995; McGuire, 1992). Also, religion has a cultural component. Religion influences and is influenced by people's values and worldview (Berger, 1967, Zuckerman, 2003). Further, religion has a social-psychological component in that not everybody believes in the same way. Some people believe in a more fundamentalist, or militant way, whereas others are much more liberal and questioning in their religious belief (Altemeyer & Hunsberger, 1992; Hunsberger, Alisat, Pancer & Pratt, 1996). Next, a religious experience is a highly individual phenomenon that is undeniably religious (McGuire, 1992). And probably most important, religion has a theological component (McGuire, 1992). What is it that people actually believe? All these components of religion might bear on the division of household labor between men and women and on how people act toward television. Francis & Gibson (1993), for instance, showed that a higher church attendance frequency among adolescents is negatively related to television viewing time and positively to watching current affairs programs. In this study, however, I only look into the influence of people's actual belief content, the theological component. Van der Slik and Konig (2006; Konig & Van der Slik, 2004; Van der Slik, 1994) have shown that there are at least two distinct sets of religious convictions that Christians may subscribe to; orthodox and humanitarian theological convictions. Orthodox, creed-like, theological convictions include the belief in a transcendent realm, a God who is concerned with every individual personally, and life after death (Batson, Schoenrade & Ventis, 1993; Felling, Peters & Schreuder, 1991; Fullerton & Hunsberger, 1982; King, 1967; King & Hunt, Religion and television 6 1969). These theological convictions refer to the relationship of people to God, and how people might reach personal salvation. The relationships among people do not figure prominently in these convictions. Humanitarian theological convictions can be theoretically and empirically discerned from orthodox theological convictions. They, too, are central to Christian religion. Humanitarian convictions are convictions that stress that God may reveal Himself in the relationships between people. God exists in a transcendent reality, but we can see Him and learn about Him by observing how people relate to each other in this world (cf. Borg, 1997; Schillebeeckx, 1980; Van Buren, 1963). The concept of neighborly love, that plays such a prominent role in the teachings of Christ – and in fact, in many other religions – lies at the hart of what might be called humanitarian convictions. Christians usually subscribe in varying degrees to both orthodox and humanitarian theological convictions. These convictions are highly correlated. But people do not necessarily subscribe to both sets of theological convictions with the same strength. In some, humanitarian convictions have the upper hand, whereas in others, orthodox convictions are dominant (Konig & Van der Slik, 2004). Religion and television's influence on the division of chores between spouses So, what is the influence that orthodox and humanitarian theological convictions exert on the division of household labor between men and women? Orthodox and humanitarian theological convictions may be expected to work quite different effects in in this respect. If you subscribe to orthodox, creed-like theological convictions, these convictions tell you what the world is like. Thus, they help you subjectively construct your world and act in it (Berger, 1967; Berger & Luckmann, 1966/1991). And since Christian theology does not change overnight, orthodox theological convictions may be understood as agents of tradition Religion and television 7 (McGuire, 1992). It is therefore hardly surprising that previous research shows that orthodox theological convictions are positively related to a traditional view on women (e.g., Eisinga, Lammers & Peters, 1991). As a consequence, I expect that people who harbor stronger orthodox Christian views have a more traditional division of labor in their household. In such households, the wife is mainly responsible for chores. Hypothesis 1: In the household of someone with stronger orthodox theological convictions, the burden of chores rests more strongly on the woman. Subscription to humanitarian theological convictions may have different consequences. What


Pyroxene spectroscopy has been the focus of much research since the 1970's [e.g. 1,2-4]. Most of this research has centered on the behavior of the prominent 1 and 2 μm crystal field (CF) absorptions that easily distinguish pyroxene from other minerals [1,5]. In addition to these absorption bands, there are a number of spin-forbidden crystal field absorptions in visible spectra of Fe-bearing pyroxenes. Although these features are orders of magnitude weaker than those in the nearinfrared, they have been clearly observed on Vesta and other smaller asteroids [6]. With the exception of early transmission spectroscopy of lunar and terrestrial pyroxenes [2,3,7,8], there has been little systematic characterization of visible wavelength pyroxene features with chemical compostion. We focus on visible reflectance spectra of a series of synthetic Ca-free pyroxenes to investigate variations in spin-forbidden features with Fe content. These features are of interest because sensitive high spectral resolution detetectors are available to detect their presence in remote observations. Background: Absorption features at visible wavelengths are attributed to four processes [e.g. 5]: (1) Oxygen metal charge transfers (OMCT); (2) Intervalence charge transfers (IVCT); (3) Spin-allowed crystal field transitions (CFT); and (4) Spin-forbidden crystal field transitions (SFT) [5]. CF transitions are responsible for the prominent 1 and 2 μm Fe absorptions in pyroxenes and may also produce absorptions in the visible when Ti or Cr are present [e.g. 5]. OMCT may be 1-2 orders of maginitude more intense than spinallowed crystal field absorptions, and are responsible for the strong absorption edge seen in Fe silicates near 300-400 nm [5]. SFT produce a series of sharp absorptions that are several orders of magnitude weaker than CFT. For example, polarized transmission spectra of a clinopyroxene from Apollo 11 show seven total absorption features between 400 and 700 nm, five of which have been assigned to spin-forbidden transitions in Fe and two of which are assigned to CFT in Ti [3]. These assignments are based on comparison of the positions of the observed bands with energy level diagrams for Fe in octahedral coordination. Spectra of terrestrial and lunar pyroxenes may exhibit four or fewer spin-forbidden features [2,3,7,8]. In terrestrial pyroxenes, these are most likely due to the presence of Fe, which causes an Fe-Fe IVCT band at a similar wavelength, obscuring the weak spin-forbidden features. In extraterrestrial materials, space weathering or shock effects may mask or erase the weaker spin-forbidden features [9]. Approach: This study focuses specifically on the Ca-free orthopyroxene sequence, allowing the effects of Fe substitution on the spin-forbidden features in pyroxene to be explored (Ca-bearing pyroxenes will be included later). Through the generosity of Donald Lindsley and Allan Turnock, we have acquired the set of synthetic Ca-Fe-Mg pyroxenes described in [10]. Pyroxenes for this study were synthesized by a variety of methods that were chosen to prevent nucleation of olivine or pyroxenoids. Purity of samples was verified by X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe [10]. Although all of the samples were prepared as fine powders, all pyroxenes were sieved to <45 μm grain size. Spectra were collected from 410-590 nm with a 0.5 nm resolution using the bidirectional reflectance spectrometer at RELAB. Position, width, and intensity of absorption bands were determined using the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM) [11]. Although the MGM was created to model CFT absorption features, SFT are also dependent on the crystal field environment, and SFT absorption energies may be similarly related to the average bond length. Preliminary Results: High-resolution visible spectra of the Ca-free synthetic pyroxene suite are shown in Figure 1. Spectra have been scaled to endmember enstatite at 525 nm. The strongest discernable absorption feature occurs near 506 nm. Absorptions near 425 and 550 nm are also present in all but the endmember enstatite spectrum. With increasing Fe content, additional bands between roughly 450-490 nm become more prominent.


Population III galaxies consisting mostly of metal-free stars are predicted to have formed in the early universe, i.e. at high redshift. Here, we derive the color signatures of such exotic objects, using a state of the art spectral synthesis code that can account for e.g. metallicity, age, extinction and initial mass function. The color signatures vary, compared to other published papers that mostly make use of the Lyman break technique to identify high-redshift objects. In our survey, we take into account strong Lyman-α radiation and can therefore detect sources that might be rejected otherwise. We make use of samples from ultra deep fields in published papers which have identified high-redshift galaxies. Comparing the properties of these objects to our criteria, we discovered a number of strong population III galaxy candidates. As gravitational lenses boost the flux of objects behind them, we can observe objects that would be too faint for observations in unlensed fields. This provides us with an alternative way of observing the highredshift universe. We report the discovery of population III galaxy candidates in these fields after applying a set of constraints to ensure a high-redshift sample. Furthermore, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the technique and results.


Abstract : Bran Ferren makes a compelling argument that the Entertainment Industry is driving the technology advances needed for military virtual reality systems. Moreover the military virtual environment community may actually be falling behind its civilian counterparts by ignoring the rapid changes going on in entertainment computing. These advances include low cost computer graphics agent technology and the use of 3D audio. In this paper we will explore some of the reasons how and why the Entertainment Industry is advancing the state of virtual reality (VR). We will also look at the current problems of military simulation particularly its lack of story and emotion. Finally this paper examines how the US Army is trying to address these issues with the establishment of the Institute for Creative Technology (ICT).


Modification of polyethylene(PE) by grafting of glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) in solid state was carried out,using styrene(St) as co-monomer and benzoylperoxide(BPO) as initiator.PE was impregnated in an organic solution of the monomers and initiator for sometime.The grafting reaction was taken place after removal of organic solvent.The effects of monomer dosage,co-monomer type,and reaction temperature etc.on grafting reaction were studied.The FTIR results confirmed that both glycidyl methacrylate and styrene were grafted onto PE.The maximum grafting degree of 6.43 % was reached when monomers dosage was 7.0 %,the interfacial agent dosage was 17.2 %,and reacted at 100 ℃ for 2 h after 6 h impregnation at room temperature.


In the significant part of the historical city centers can be found such buildings which having inner courtyards. In many cases these courtyards will be opened to the pedestrian traffic, which thanks to in the courtyards smaller shops, stores are created. But not just shops, but also depending on the size of the courtyard such another functions as playground, terrace, restaurant, ice cream shop, etc. also could be located in it. In the future more and more people will be living in cities, and one possible way the increase of open public spaces in the city centers the opening of the inner courtyard houses, primarily to the pedestrian traffic. Therefore this study is looking for the answer that an inner courtyard house how could join in to the historical city centers open public spaces network. How much are used in them can be found functions, and how much traffic have they.


Thank you very much for downloading people one ought to know. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this people one ought to know, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop. people one ought to know is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the people one ought to know is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Room N231

Abstracts 23734–23527

23734

Use of Cardiac Stem Cells for the Treatment of Heart Failure: Translation from Bench to the Clinical Setting

Roberto Bolli, Atul R Chugh, Univ of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Domenico D'Amario, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA; Marcus F Stoddard, Sohail Ikram, Stephen G Wagner, Garth M Beache, Univ of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Annarosa Leri, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA; Toru Hosoda, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, KY; John H Loughran, Univ of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Polina Goihberg, Claudia Fiorini, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA; Naresh K Solankhi, Ibrahim Fahsah, Arka Chatterjee, Julius B Elmore, D. G Rokosh, Mark S Slaughter, Univ of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Jan Kajstura, Piero Anversa; Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA

Extensive preclinical studies have documented the presence in the adult heart of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) that express c-kit and are clonogenic, self-renewing, and multipotent. CSCs have been shown to improve postinfarction LV dysfunction in animal models, but their efficacy in humans has not been evaluated. In August 2008, we obtained FDA approval to begin SCIPIO ( S tem C ell I nfusion in P atients with I schemic Cardi O myopathy). SCIPIO is a phase I, randomized, single-center, open-label trial of CSCs in patients with postinfarction LV dysfunction (EF 40%) who undergo CABG surgery. Autologous CSCs are isolated from the right atrial appendage (harvested during CABG), expanded, and re-infused intracoronarily 4 months after CABG; patients are followed for 2 years. We report here the initial results at 4 months after treatment in the first 8 CSC-treated patients. Of these, one was excluded (aortic stenosis), and in another one echo images were inadequate. In the remaining 6 CSC-treated patients, LVEF (3D echo) increased markedly from 32.4±2.3% before CSC infusion to 43.3±3.3% 4 months later (P=0.017) (Figure). This was associated with a significant improvement in …


Edge detection is a two-stage process: edge enhancement followed by edge linking. In this paper we develop a linking algorithm for the combination of edge elements enhanced by an optimal filter. The linking algorithm is based on sequential search. From a starting node, transitions are made to the goal nodes based on a maximum likelihood metric. Results of our search algorithm are compared to the nonmaximal suppression approach, as well as to the sequential edge linking algorithm. It is shown that the metric described here is very easy to implement and provides more accurate results.


A novel metal-organic framework, [Zn(C10H8O5)]n (1) (C10H8O5 = 2-(4-carboxylatophenoxy)propionate), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal structure study reveals that each zinc atom is coordinated by four oxygen atoms from four different ligands to obtain a distorted tetrahedron. The rigid carboxyl group bridges two adjacent zinc atoms to form a dimer of eight-membered rings, whereas the flexible carboxyl group bridges two adjacent dimers to form 1D chains along the a axis. Two adjacent 1D chains are interconnected by the ligands to produce 2D layers. These layers are further stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds to construct a 3D framework showing high thermal stability (445 °C).


Putting the AgCl nanoparticle as crystal nucleus and in the condition of the existence of tri-sodium citrate, the Ag+, which covers the surface of AgCl nanoparticle, photochemically reduces to Ag and thus Ag/AgCl composite nanoparticle is obtained. The spectroscopic characters of Ag/AgCl nanoparticle in aqueous solution have been studied. There are two resonance scattering peaks at 310 and 590 nm, and an absorption peak at 400 nm.


The Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway (TTB highway), which crosses Tokyo Bay and provides a direct transportation link between the west and east sides of the bay, has long been a sort of "dream-come-true" project in Japan. Linked to the Tokyo Bay Shore Highway, Metropolitan Inter-city Expressway, Tokyo Outer Ring Road, Tateyama Expressway, and others, it will play an important role as an integral part of the regional highway network to help promote spatial redistribution. The TTB Highway is a project of 15.1 km in length designed as a toll highway to cross the bay by tunnel and bridge, and the total cost is more than 1,482.3 billion yen (US$12.353 billion). The crossing involves a 5-km bridge, a 10-km undersea tunnel, and two manmade islands in the middle of the bay. This report outlines the entire TTB Highway project, including the design and construction method of undersea tunnels. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD E101472.


This paper examines some approaches to the professionalisation process and relates these to considerations which seem to have led the Institute of Personnel Management, particularly in recent years, to be concerned to establish and develop the knowledge‐base of the occupation of personnel management, importantly through certification procedures. On the basis of a comparative national questionnaire survey of student attrition rates on IPM and Diploma in Management Studies courses over the years 1973–76, it is hypothesised that this emphasis has been a major contributory factor in the high attrition rates on IPM examination courses throughout the United Kingdom. The paper concludes with some observations on the new examination scheme (introduced in 1980) in the context of a discussion of personnel managers' (and their spokesmen's) search for more acceptance and power in organisations.


Marxism has been keeping as the instructional idea of the Communist Party of China.We must keep it as the root of the Party.However,we should clearly recognize that the sinicization of Marxism is facing great challenge in theory content, contemporary mentality character,and language form.The theorists play very important role in resolving this problem.At the same time,it needs efforts from whole society.Now,it is an important task for us to convert the theory fruit of Sinicization of Marxism into the popular language form in the course of the Sinicization of Marxism.


After two hundred years of the Shaking Palsy by Dr. James Parkinson, we have revealed many factors and causes behind Parkinson's disease (PD). Before Shaking Palsy the symptoms were known as some disorders. 5000 years ago in Ayurveda, the Indian medical manuscript and 2500 years ago in Nei Ping, the first Chinese medical manuscript some disorders were mentioned those are similar to PD and also several treatment procedures were also described. This proves that PD is not a disease that evolved only in modern industrial age. But it is true that, after Shaking Palsy, this PD comes into spotlight of the modern medical practices. To understand this disease we need to go through the complete etiology of PD including Genetical and Environmental factor that may lead us to the different causative factors of PD. Each factor has its unique signification and outburst as a multiple combination of different Parkinsonian symptoms. In this review we will discuss about all possible etiological factors related to PD with different Parkinsonian symptoms categorized with motor and non-motor symptoms. Before going to the brief review, we will also discuss about several milestone researches which actually open a new window in PD research on its time.


Introduction: pemphigoid gestationis is a rare blistering disease characterized by an intensely itchy urticarial rash on the trunk and extremities that appears at the end of pregnancy and after delivery. It rapidly evolves into vesiculo ampullary dermatosis of the pemphigoid blistering type, since they have many clinical, histological and immune-pathological similarities. Objectives: to present the clinical characteristics of a pregnant patient with pemphigoid gestationis. Case Report: a pregnant woman with a prenatal history of a normal previous pregnancy; without skin lesions and a current 32-week pregnancy is presented. She was attended in the Dermatology Clinic at Raul Sanchez University Polyclinic where a polymorphic skin condition was evidenced by skin lesions in the form of small multiple, rounded plates of urticarial aspect and erythematous-papular filtered lesions, which were located in the abdomen, lower limbs and very pruritic rash. Clinical elements and histopathological study confirmed the diagnosis of pemphigoid gestationis. She received medical treatment achieving evident clinical progress. Conclusions: a known clinical case was presented but of scarce incidence, therefore there are problems for its diagnosis and it must be taken into account due to the similarity with other skin dermatoses in pregnant women. It presents a morbidity risk for the newborn, maternal health is preserved in spite of its autoimmune etiology. The adequate diagnosis of this entity will allow a follow up along with an adequate medical treatment by a responsible multidisciplinary team, achieving an adequate quality of life and a better maternal-infant indicator.


Coconut oil is one of the organic PCM materials with high thermal energy storage capability in the form of sensible and latent heat. Ideally, the latent heat storage occurs at a relatively constant temperature associated with phase change transition. Due to relatively low thermal conductivity, the size effect is important to optimize material performance, particularly at the discharging process related to latent heat release. This study will show the simulation results of the size effect in the solidification process of coconut oil by using ANSYS FLUENT. Three plastic balls with radii 2 cm, 3 cm, and 6 cm filled with coconut oil solidified from 308 K to 293 K, and several temperature detectors were placed in the ball to study the heat exchange process. The input parameters of density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and viscosity were taken from previous experimental studies. We reported the time evolution of temperature and liquid fraction until the molten coconut oil solidified from different detector positions in each ball.


In spite of the legal advances in personal data protection, the issue of private data being misused by unauthorized entities is still of utmost importance. To prevent this, Privacy by Design is often proposed as a solution for data protection. In this paper, the effect of camera distortions is studied using Deep Learning techniques commonly used to extract sensitive data. To do so, we simulate out-of-focus images corresponding to a realistic conventional camera with fixed focal length, aperture, and focus, as well as grayscale images coming from a monochrome camera. We then prove, through an experimental study, that we can build a privacy-aware camera that cannot extract personal information such as license plate numbers. At the same time, we ensure that useful non-sensitive data can still be extracted from distorted images. Code is available at https://github.com/upciti/privacy-by-design-semseg .


In the present invention, Maraviroc (horse Voronoi) as a precursor thereof, with 4,4-difluoro-adamantane formyl place of 4,4-difluoro cyclohexyl methyl group, to obtain a class 4 structure of the formula (I) , 4-fluoro-adamantane-carboxamide derivative. Preliminary screening of pharmacological activity indicates that the compound can be used as a CCR5 antagonist, for the preparation of the treatment of CCR5 mediated disease (HIV infection, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc.) Drug.


The research article by Liang and colleagues reported on increased risk of ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke in women with a history of infertility, miscarriages, and stillbirths. 1 While the findings are intended to be used by health professionals for appropriate monitoring and action for women at risk, the media coverage generated by the study has led to distress and heightened anxiety for some women at risk. The narrative in the article also promotes a stigmatising and victim blaming view of pregnancy loss. The authors indicate that no "patients" (or members of the stillbirth or pregnancy loss community) were involvedintheresearch.Thisabsenceisdisappointinggiventhesensitivenatureofthetopic.Asorganisationsthatsupportandadvocateforperinatallybereavedparents,wewishtonotethepotentialconsequencesoftheabsenceofparentinvolvementinthisresearch. Stillbirthandotherpregnancylossesaresensitivetopicsandthedistressexperiencedbywomenandfamiliescanbeimmenseandlonglasting.Bereavedparentsandfamiliesofferuniqueandvaluableinsightsasresearchisprioritised,conducted,andtranslated,helpingtoensureresearchqualityandrelevance.Suchaninvolvementisimportanttoensurethatresearchdoesnotaddtodistress.Studiesofparticipants'experiencesofresearchonsensitivetopicssuggestthatopportunitiestoparticipatearevaluedandthattheremaybebenefitsforparticipants. 2 The evidence is also growing around the benefits of co-creation of research with patient involvement. 3 4 We are strongly of the view that the engagement of people with lived experience of pregnancy loss would have led to more sensitive communication of the results in this article with greater attention to the context in which the messages would be received. The article by Liang and colleagues provides a strong example of the need for involvement of bereaved parents in stillbirth research.


The wear simulation with finite element method (FEM) presents great advantages for the improvement of components, because of the reduction in the cost in comparison to the experimental procedure (test time, materials, tribological measurements). In the case of wire rope optimization, where one of the great problems is wear due to fretting in cylinder-cylinder contact points, this method could be efficient. Nevertheless, the wear simulation results in a complex methodology: on the one hand is needed to solve the contact problem and on the other hand the introduction of the wear model. For this reason, this methodology results in high computational time consuming. Consequently an efficient methodology for the optimization of the model, in terms of the reduction of computational time, is presented in this work for a block-on-ring system. Finally a variable wear speed factor and auto-fitting with respect to the evolution of maximum contact pressure and with respect to the maximum limit wear increment is introduced. This is necessary, in systems where high amount of wear is presented with a reduction of 87 % in computational time and an error of less than 1 %.


The article reviews an art exhibition featuring the works of Temporary Services and Angelo artists including Brett Bloom, Salem Collo Julin and Marc Fischer at I Space in Chicago, Illinois.


Noteworthy analytic properties of the Dym-Kruskal equation, such as the weak Painleve property and the Pogrebkov property (a second-order pole at infinity), are proven to be exactly the image of the usual Painleve property under the Ibragimov transformation. The transformed Painleve analysis is carried out for two infinite sets of evolution equations similar to the Dym-Kruskal equation. Only four of the equations pass the test, being known and integrable.


In quantitative geography two types of studies can be recognized in terms of its methodology. The first is the study of spatial patterns through morphological viewpoints In this study, the objects and events, distributing in an area, are mapped by using any of the basic geometrical forms such as points, lines, areas, and surfaces. And then, the spatial patterns represented by this map are analyzed by various quantitative techniques. This study induces some morphological laws lying in the spatial patterns and gives a clue for understanding spatial structure. The second is the study of spatial processes through behavioral viewpoints. This study aims to analyze the movements in an area (spatial processes) such as migration, shopping trip, commodity flow, information flow, and innovation diffusion and identifies some behavioral laws that organize spatial patterns. This paper explores the tendency of spatial patterns to spatial processes, and considers some concepts and techniques in the behavioral studies and their application to spatial behavior models as well.


Sealing property of rubber directly restrict its usability.Rubber is a type of super elastic material.Its mechanics behavior is complication under multi-strain in down hole.The paper takes the triple rubbers assemblies packer for study and established finite element analysis model of its packing element through finite element software and calculated the effects of loading mode,friction factor,rigidity etc.to rubber assemblies on sealing property and obtained distribution of contact stress along rubber axial direction. Based on these,it can guide designing of rubbers assemblies and borehole operation.


Aimed at the repetition of lots of knowledge in signal and system,auto-control principle etc.,taking into account the teaching practice of EEE specialty,in this article,new scheme was brought,which combined signal and system and control theory into a new curricula and the order of "first the signal,then the system,first continuum,then disperse" was proposed.Based on the knowledge structure of the analysis method extending and based on the experimental class's foundation,from two aspects of saving the total class hour and conforming to the student cognition rule,the effect of the new curriculum of "the signal,the system and the control theory" is also analyzed.


The paper presents a methodology for adapting dusty deck PDE solvers for parallel execution. Our approach minimizes changes to existing code and data structures, thereby preserving the value captured within dusty decks. This scheme uses the single program multiple data programming paradigm on message passing distributed memory architectures. To demonstrate the viability of our methodology the commercially available, dusty deck semiconductor device modeling program, PISCES, has been adapted for parallel execution. Simulating realistic complex device structures, we have achieved excellent performance gains over high performance serial workstations. Also, the scalability of the parallel simulator allows the simulation of structures too large for our existing serial computers.<<ETX>>


Aiming at the importance of the enterprise development,the paper points out the development ideas for the construction enterprises,including the enterprise construction along the scientific development outlook,the adherence to the human-oriented,the sustainable development strategy and the establishment of the harmonious enterprises,so as to enhance the all-sided,coordinative and sustainable development of enterprises.


I think the use of film, and film making in an Australian History course, at this level and in this socioeconomic environment can be an extremely worthwhile and useful medium, bringing history and historical research alive. Without this approach, our students are destined to grind their way through unimaginative texts set at a literacy pitch either above most of their heads or below most of their interest energy.


The field of public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) communication is evolving toward scenarios of use where existing narrowband radio systems are beginning to show their limitations. Real-time location services have been incorporated into standard operating procedures. Since associated data traffic, managed through mechanisms that incorporate current communications standards by default, causes saturation of the systems, it is impossible to offer services that meet the quality parameters expected by the users.


Background
Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is a technique that allows patients to be quickly intubated and have the airway secured.

Aims
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rocuronium priming and intubation dose calculated according to actual body weight (ABW) or corrected body weight (CBW) on the neuromuscular block and intubation quality in rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSII).

Patients and Methods
This prospective randomized, double-blind study was conducted on a total of 60 patients randomized into two groups using the closed-envelope method between January 2021 and December 2021, with 30 individuals in each group. In group 1, CBW was used with the formula to calculate the neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) dose. The ABW of patients was used to calculate the NMBD dose in group 2.

Results
The data of 50 female patients who underwent group 1 (CBW, n = 25) and group 2 (ABW, n = 25) were analyzed. Age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), quality of laryngoscopy, post-priming side effects, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) values did not differ across the groups. When train-of-four (TOF) values, priming and intubation dose, and laryngoscopy time were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups of TOF count (TOF C) 1 (the duration of action).

Conclusion
This study suggests that the application of rocuronium priming and intubation dose according to CBW in RSII, especially during the pandemic, provided similar intubation conditions as the application according to ABW, while its shorter duration of action shows that it can be preferred, especially in short-term surgical cases.


ABSTRACT OVER the last 4 years the USDA Forest Service and the DOD Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory have continued the development of the AGDISP (AGricultural DISPersal) computer code that predicts the deposition of material released from helicopters or fixed-wing aircraft. The features of the code are reviewed and the predictive capability of the code is assessed by comparison with recent test data. Code applications and limitations are also discussed.


Objective:To evaluate coronal scalp incision mini titanium plate fixation combined maxillofacial multiple fractures.Methods:30 patients admitted to our hospital with multiple maxillofacial fractures were divided into control group and observation group,15 cases each,were by coronal scalp incision.Control group,bone fixation with steel wire,observation group were treated with mini titanium plate fixation,treatment effects were compared.Results:The control group was 86.67% good,good observation group was 93.33%,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05);adverse reactions observed group than the control group significantly(P0.05).Conclusion:The coronal scalp incision mini titanium plate fixation combined maxillofacial multiple fractures,while beautiful to be able to maintain strong fixed,so that is most effective.


The paper focused on the groundwater quality in Handigundi Quarry area of Karnataka, India. Quarrying causes grave disturbances in to the water regime of the region. Water quality undergoes great change, as the hydrogeochem. processes are very slow and the change may continue for decades leading to degrdn. of natural environment. The dust generated from the quarrying activities and the erosion of loose waste materials from excavated land and dumps of the mining and quarrying areas causes siltation and eutrophication of the water bodies. Groundwater samples from the study area showed low concn. of nitrates and 60% of the samples showed highest turbidity and exceeded the permissible limits, 90% of the samples showed higher amt. of dissolved solids near the crushing quarries. These groundwater samples showed higher levels of calcium and are not desirable for household uses because of the consumption of more soaps and cleaning agents and also not fit for industrial use because of their scale forming nature. However the water can be used for irrigation purposes, as the Ca is an essential element for the normal plant growth.


It is a fundamental and important topic to study the probability distribution of M- C strength parameters in reliability analysis of geotechnical engineering. The Legendre polynomial is introduced to infer the probability distribution functions of geotechnical shear strength parameters. With the conventional triaxial test data as the original information, an information basis of internal friction angle, friction coefficient f and cohesion c is constructed based on combination theory and linear regression analysis method. Subsequently, hypothesis testing of the probability distribution functions of sample data is conducted. The optional classical probability distribution types of M- C strength parameters are normal distribution, as verified by limited comparison method. The probability distribution functions of internal friction angle, friction coefficient and cohesion are deduced by Legendre orthogonal polynomial numerical approximation method. The K-S test method is used to compare the results of the presented method and normal distribution. It is shown that the K-S test results of probability distribution functions of M-C shear strength parameters deduced by Legendre polynomial are smaller than those of the normal distribution and can be more close to the actual probability distribution.


A fine-grained granitic rock is utilized to study the effect of dynamic strain rates on failure response theoretically. Theoretical investigation employs a model that combines dynamic fracture criterion and damage mechanics theory. We simulated the damage evolution and the strain rate evolution when the rock failed under a dynamic load.


There is rapidly growing interest in the use of 1,2,4,5-tetrazines as bioorthogonal coupling agents.[1-3] Recent applications of tetrazine cycloadditions include intracellular small molecule imaging, genetically targeted protein tagging, post-synthetic DNA labeling, nanoparticle based clinical diagnostics, and in-vivo imaging.[4-7] In addition, tetrazines have seen significant use in materials science[8,9], coordination chemistry, [10,11] and specialty explosives research.[12,13] They are also valuable synthetic intermediates, and have been elegantly deployed on route to several natural product syntheses.[14-16] Despite the promise of tetrazines, the lack of convenient synthetic methods is a significant roadblock to their broader use and study by the scientific community.[17] Here we report that Lewis acid transition metal catalysts, most notably divalent nickel and zinc salts, can catalyze the formation of 1,2,4,5-tetrazines directly from nitriles. To our knowledge, this is the first method utilizing homogenous catalysis to directly synthesize tetrazines from a wide range of unactivated aliphatic nitriles and hydrazine. Symmetric and asymmetric tetrazines were conveniently prepared from multiple precursors including alkyl nitriles, aromatic nitriles, and formamidine salts. This methodology should greatly improve the accessibility of tetrazines and lead to further exploration of their applications, particularly with respect to bioorthogonal conjugations.


In D2 cells, a myeloid leukemia cell line, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) is required for phorbol-12-myristate-13- acetate (PMA)-induced apoptosis. Using a proteomic approach, I found that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1 and C2 (hnRNP C1/C2), two nuclear restricted pre-mRNA binding proteins, are translocated to the cytoplasm in a ROCK-dependent manner in PMA-induced pro-apoptotic cells, where nuclear envelopes remain intact. The subcellular localization change of hnRNP C1/C2 appears to be dependent on ROCK-mediated cytoskeletal change and independent of caspase execution and new protein synthesis. This phenomenon is also observed in TNFalpha-induced apoptotic NIH3T3 cells. Over-expression of dominant active form of ROCK is sufficient to induce translocation of hnRNP C1/C2 in HEK293T cells. I also defined that C-terminal 40-amino-acid region of hnRNP C1/C2 is a novel nuclear export signal responsive to ROCK-activation. Besides, I found that ROCK-mediated cell contraction also induces down-regulation of general RNA synthesis. Here I conclude that a novel nuclear export is activated by the ROCK signaling pathway to exclude hnRNP C1/C2 from nucleus, by which the compartmentalization of specific hnRNP components is disturbed in apoptotic cells.
Since PMA-induced apoptosis could be inhibited by cell adhesion, here I also investigated regulation of ROCK signaling in cell adhesion. The results showed that the RhoA activity was down-regulated while D2 cells were adherent to fibronectin (FN) matrix. Treatment of cell-permeable dominant active form of TAT-RhoAV14 induces cell de-adhesion from FN matrix, accompanying by lipid rafts redistribution and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Interestingly, inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase or co-expression of catalytically inactive tyrosine phosphatase Shp-2(C/S) abrogated the RhoAV14-induced cell de-adhesion. By in vitro kinase analysis, I demonstrated that ROCK kinase activity was repressed in the cells co-expressing dominant negative Shp-2(C/S). Interestingly, mutation on S1134A/S1137A of ROCK abrogated its Shp-2(C/S)-responsive down-regulation. Given that the gene targeted mice experiment has shown that Shp-2 gene is essential for hematopoiesis. The results of my study suggest that Shp-2 may play a pivotal role in the myelopoiesis through regulating RhoA/ROCK-mediated cell de-adhesion.


An apparatus and a method for providing a graphic user interface which rapidly searches a menu in which a user wants are provided to offer the screen conversion and a fast path to a user and indicate a menu on two surfaces of three-dimensional block. A graphic user device for providing interface(100) comprises a menu information storage unit(110), an output unit(120), a user input portion(130) and a controller(140). The menu information storage unit stores category information classifying a plurality of menu items corresponding to a plurality of contents according to the predetermined classification standard. The output unit outputs the first menu in which a plurality of menu items is enumerated to the prescribed direction. The output unit outputs the second menu classifying the menu item corresponding to the input value of the user inputted through the user input portion according to the first area and the second part according to the predetermined classification standard.


To distinguish the pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas tolaasii and saprophytic strains P. reactans, many mushroom cultivation centers in Iran were surveyed and samples were taken from compost, soil cover and button caps with or without visible symptoms preferably from flush two and three. Fifty five bacteria were isolated on the basis of colony morphology, pathogenicity test on excised tissue blocks of the fresh Agaricus bisporus, white line test, soft rot on potato tuber slices, erythrocytes hemolysis and certain biochemical and molecular characteristics. A unique PCR product with a molecular weight of 270bp was obtained using specific primer set, PTOF/PTOR of ITS1 region of P. tolaasii strains. To confirm the identification of P. reactans strains, two strains of this group (A2 and A6) were subjected to RNA polymerase beta-subunit gene (rpoB) amplification analysis using primer sets of long amplicon primers LAPS and LAPS27. The polymerase chain reaction products of these strains were sequenced and recorded in NCBI GenBank. In total, 16 isolates of P. reactans and 15 isolates of P. tolaasii were identified and compared with standard isolates. Subsequently, genetic diversity of the isolates of each species was determined separately with general primers ERIC 1R, ERIC2 and BOX AIR and clusters were drawn. This is for the first time the genetic diversity bacterial pathogen of brown blotch P. tolaasii and the saprophyte P. reactans was studied in Iran.


According to the complexity and ambiguity of quality safety factors of pork supply chain,this paper established the evaluation system and mathematics model of quality security guarantee abilities of pork supply chain based on key indicators affecting its quality safety and fuzzy extension analytic hierarchy process(EAHP),and adopted the character values of quality safety to describe quantitatively its the guarantee abilities grades of quality safety,and applied AHP and extension theory to analyze quantificationally the framework weights of evaluation layers and establish the membership function of the evaluation index based on the matter element model of the expert validities according to expert experiences.The membership values of subsystems can be obtained by means of "from bottom to top" to form the guarantee abilities character values of quality and safety of pork supply chain.The paper evaluated the pork supply chain of certain livestock company as the fact examples,the evaluation results had shown that the guarantee abilities of quality safety located in better condition and answered for the actual instance,the evaluation model could reflect objectively the guarantee abilities of quality safety of pork supply chain and possesses important reference values to the monitoring of quality safety of pork supply chain.


There is a time lag between technology innovation and the realistic productive forces brought about by the innovation. The main reason lies in the process of the corresponding educational transformation for the perfection and popularization of the knowledge system produced by the technology innovation. Labor with higher education is one of the most important production factors. Historical experience has shown that only by adapting to the revolution in information technology and the industrial revolution, even to the change of social life, continuously developing high-quality workforce, can higher education brings new technology innovation and real productivity. From the structural changes in the degree, American higher education has taken a great change facing economic system in major, course and quantity since the early 1970s. The motivation to change is from the information technology revolution on the one side, but more importantly is from the change of core idea in the universities. American higher educational transformation to the new economy has some enlightenment for Chinese higher educational reform. First, it inspires us to reflect on the Chinese higher educational reform in the past 30 years; secondly, it inspires us into thinking about the future of China's higher educational reform faced with China's economic and social development.


This researcher uses the perspective of implementing the problems approach introduced by Edwards III in 1984. The data analysis method in this study is qualitative with a descriptive analytic approach. This study uses primary data and secondary data where data collection is carried out through field studies and literature studies. As for taking samples using a purposive technique. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the communication carried out by the Padang Panjang City Health Office is effective. When viewed from the human resources in terms of quality and quantity is still not sufficient. On the aspect of disposition, it can be said that all of them are positive without any resistance. In doing services in the health sector related to handling mental disorders, the Padang Panjang City Health Office does not yet have a standard operating procedure. In this study, researchers provide suggestions that Padang Panjang City Health Office to improve human resources and budget resources. In addition, the researchers also suggested that the Padang Panjang City Health Office immediately make standard operating procedures in giving health services related to the handling of mental disorders.