H ospital systems have become almost totally dependent on computers, the internet, and electronic medical records (EMRs) to function. This reliance on technology brings vulnerabilities. In October 2020, the Federal Bureau of Investigation issued a warning of increased and imminent cybercrime threats to hospitals. One month prior, our hospital system, spanning 400 facilities, was the victim of the largest ransomware attack on a health care system in US history. At our university hospital, inpatient services endured 7 days of complete computer downtime (including loss of wireless internet) and 14 days of partial information technology (IT) recovery. Our ambulatory and hospital care are delivered by separate entities with separate EMRs and IT infrastructure. Consequently, downtime impact on ambulatory care was minimized as its EMR was not affected by the cyberattack. The major area of impact was delay in availability of laboratory, pathology results, and surgical and procedural reports. Downtime challenged patient care, affected mass communication, and had a disproportionate impact on trainees. We speak from the perspective of impact on general medicine wards and information obtained through a comprehensive health system debrief that identified consistent areas of focus. Because care on general medicine wards relies on interaction with nearly all other departments, the internal medicine resident experience may be generalizable to other trainees. Downtime began unexpectedly prior to morning sign-out, requiring the overnight trainees to provide patient care and handoff to day teams with only paper forms from the prior night. We quickly learned that our existing downtime processes, designed for brief scheduled downtimes, were inadequate to provide patient care during extended IT disruptions. As trainees experienced this disruption, they encountered unanticipated challenges. In most teaching institutions, trainees deliver the majority of direct physician-led care and often lack experience delivering paper-based patient care. Our internal medicine residency's ''downtime processes'' folder contained only paper templates for handwritten orders and progress notes. Within 21 days, this folder markedly expanded in size and scope. We hope other residency programs may learn from challenges we faced and institute preparations for potential extended downtime. Our experience highlights the importance of a hospital-wide, coordinated, multidisciplinary downtime response plan. This response plan should include a special focus on trainee support. Based on our experience, we propose a proactive approach with focus on 4 areas: documentation, order entry, interdisciplinary communication, and centralized information (FIGURE 1).


An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte solution for an electrochemical device which is excellent in thermal stability, has a high decomposition voltage characteristic, and has a small amount of vaporization at a high temperature. It is another object of the present invention to provide an aluminum electrolytic capacitor and an electric double layer capacitor manufactured using the electrolytic solution for electrochemical devices. The present invention is an electrolyte for an electrochemical device containing a solvent and an electrolyte, wherein the solvent is an electrolyte solution for an electrochemical device containing a sulfone compound represented by the following formula (1). In the formula (1), R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.


This report covers the period from 1st April to 30 September 2013. There were two major outcomes during this period were the resubmission of the first journal paper, and the beginning of the case study samples with some interim results. The approach which is being developed in this research to support strategic decision-studies within Ford has been named SuReSDS for Sustainable Resilient Strategic Decision Support. The process flow for SuReSDS has also been further developed and four phases of activity identified in a series of decision-support activities, that can form a continuous loop and which correspond roughly to Deming's Plan-Do-Check-Act. The first of these, "assess system" has been further broken down into simple steps which were used in the case sample studies.


This report contains the results of a Direct Assistance Project performed by Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., for Dr. K. O. Jobson. The purpose of the project was to perform preliminary analysis of the data acquisition instruments used in the field of psychiatry, with the goal of identifying commonalities of data and strategies for handling and using the data in the most advantageous fashion. Data acquisition instruments from 12 sources were provided by Dr. Jobson. Several commonalities were identified and a potentially useful data strategy is reported here. Analysis of the information collected for utility in performing diagnoses is recommended. In addition, further work is recommended to refine the commonalities into a directly useful computer systems structure.


Two methods,tagging and ink injection,were used in grouper marking.The studied fishes were juvenile of Epinephelus akaara and Epinephelus awoara both artificially produced and caught from natural waters and their wild adults.Results showed that the fishes inhabited where released;both juvenile and adult ones moved in an area of 2n mile diameter after651days and48days of releasing,respectively.As far as the tagging method is concerned,we found that the tagged fishes could only be recaptured in the year when released;but with injection method,it was reported that the fishes could be caught in the1st,2nd and3rd years.It was confirmed in the cement tank where tagged fishes lost1/3tags.That means tagging method shall not adapt to the release research,while the injection method is good for it.Generally,the recaptured rates of injected fishes were1.4%~4.5%,3.1%~13.4%,0.7%in the1st.2nd,3rd years,respectively.


All-optical ultrasound imaging uses optical generation and detection of ultrasound to acquire pulse-echo images. Recent advances have resulted in efficient optical ultrasound sources, emitting pressures and bandwidths rivalling those generated by conventional electronic transducers. Two-dimensional imaging of biological tissues was achieved using a fibre-optic Fabry-Perot cavity and a nanocomposite generator membrane in which ultrasound was generated photoacoustically. Using scanning mirrors, excitation light was steered to consecutive locations, thus synthesising an acoustic source aperture with a geometry that could be arbitrarily and dynamically reconfigured. This unique capability of implementing different geometries on the same hardware allows for a direct comparison of the image quality obtained with different aperture geometries, which is difficult to achieve using conventional electronic transducers. Here we explore how the source aperture geometry affects the image quality through a set of numerical simulations and experiments. First, we determined that the image artefacts and corresponding contrast level depend strongly on the total number of A-scans (increasing from 200 to 1800 A-scans improved the contrast from 30 to 50 dB), irrespective of the number and locations of the detectors. Second, we demonstrated how parametric optimisation of the spatial optical ultrasound source distribution allowed for local (within a user-defined region of interest) or global image optimisation achieving an additional reduction in artefact level of up to 8 dB. Finally, we demonstrated video-rate, real-time 2D image acquisition using optimised source aperture geometries.


: There is quick development in the utilization and interest of unrefined petroleum in different modern fields. Thus, the cost of the petrol is ascending because of the stronger-than-anticipated interest for petroleum items. With the accessible information, most of the distillation models used today is only steady state models. This work aimed at a newly designed single column distillation unit which works on both atmospheric and vacuum condition. The procedure for this work was firstly forming a McCabe graph for the theoretical stage of the column. Then based on the partial Douglas equation, the relationship between data variable and yield variable was contemplated. After that, physical and geometrical dimensions of CDU were calculated by Douglas 1988 method and finally a design of a single column was made. Next, a dynamic simulation of CDU in Chemsep software was run and the element conduct of CDU model was mulled over taking into account the outcomes acquired. From the theoretical calculations, it was proven that the single distillation chamber works on both atmospheric and vacuum pressure conditions. As the conclusion says, the dynamic simulation results describe the whole CDU working and a good control strategy. Thus, this work was extremely useful in comprehension dynamic conduct of CDU and used to expand the productivity of refining methodology which additionally builds the yield of the item and decreases the plant setup support cost.


Against the background of growing interest in normative frameworks within Media and Communication Studies and Internet Studies, I propose a virtue ethics framework for Digital Religion (DR). This framework conjoins loving as a virtue with consequent norms of equality and respect for persons. By understanding selfhood in terms of relational autonomy, this framework shares with DR a central focus on identity, community, and authority. Two applications of the framework within DR illustrate its practicality. I further show how this framework can counter two main objections to the introduction of normative interests within DR as an otherwise "value-free" social science.


An innovative higher education is the visible outcome of the combination of the proliferation of Information and CommunicationTechnologies (ICT) and novel approaches in education. We position our paper in this context, describing the experience of using anautomatic e-learning corrector and its impact on bothacademic resultsand aspects ofstudent perception. A total of 333 studentsdoing technical degrees took a basic business administration course and the field work was conducted within this framework. An e-learning platform calledACME_Business, which automatically corrected and assessed all the exercises proposed, was designed,developed and implemented as the novel element of the course. The validity of the proposal was tested at the Polytechnic School ofthe University of Girona in Catalonia (Spain). The results show that implementing the solution is helpful in the learning processand in monitoring courses and that its use improves academic results. The perception assessment showed that the students had avery good opinion of the learning experience using the proposed ICT tool. Beyond these highlighted benefits for students, teacherssave time and effort, and their workload is reduced. The novelty of the solution lies in the enormous potential for personalisation,the full automatization of exercisegeneration, correction, feedback and grading, and the dual educational approach wherein studentsgain knowledge in business administration and mastery in spreadsheet use.


Using data on a sample of small Iowa towns consistently collected over two decades, we investigate how agglomeration economies, social capital, human capital, local fiscal policy, and natural amenities affect new firm entry. We find that human capital and agglomeration are more conducive to new firm entry than are natural amenities, local fiscal policy, or social capital. The impact of local fiscal policy is too small to overcome the locational disadvantages from insufficient endowment of human capital and agglomeration. A rural development approach that encourages firm entry in rural towns with the largest endowments of human capital and market agglomeration would be more successful than trying to raise firm entry in every town.


The nozzle is a kind of equipment with a wide range of usage in the aerospace industry, of which its performance is vital for rocket engines by changing the geometry of the inner wall of the pipe section to accelerate the airflow. There are two types of nozzles commonly used: one is a tapered nozzle, and the other is a Laval nozzle. To analyze the flow phenomenon in nozzle is vital before transferring prototype design into industrial production, whether by laboratory experiment or computational simulation. In this paper, two different numerical methods are adopted to simulate gas behavior inside a simplified nozzle with upper and bottom symmetrical bumps. The first is to solve one dimensional Euler equations, and the other is to solve a scalar variable named velocity potential with small disturbance equations (SDE). The solutions under various inlet Mach numbers are compared by analysing the velocity fields and Mach number contours obtained by these two approaches. Similarities and differences between the Euler method and the potential SDE method for subsonic flow and supersonic flow are the key emphases in this work. For either subsonic or supersonic flow, the Mach number distribution along the nozzle's center line shows a consistent trend for both methods. In contrast, the values of maximum or minimum Mach number have corresponding differences. Moreover, by using potential SDE simulation, several types of shock waves are successfully captured. All results show that the incoming airflow decelerates at the leading edge of the nozzle then accelerates when passing through the bumps, and finally decelerates back to the speed of inlet flow. The difference is that flows with varied Mach numbers has distinct velocity distributions in the nozzle.


A basic, but little discussed, feature of later seventeenth-century Dutch naturalism is the convergence of genre painting and portraiture in their shared preoccupation with the setting and the social milieu of upper-middle-class domestic life. Of particular interest are genre scenes that mimic the conventions of portraiture. Such works not only demonstrate the sensitivity of Dutch artists to the role of generic boundaries in the formal vocabulary of naturalism, but also show an awareness of the degree to which portrait conventions are bound up with social conventions of civility and decorum. For in their hidden symbolism, these genre paintings create ironic inversions of portraiture's social meanings, suggesting that immoral thoughts lie behind the formal facades of the figures represented. Given the implicitly "aesthetic" nature of good social form, this separation between form and content also entails a cleavage between art and reality that has broader implications for the ironic character and elusive m...


Corporations have come to rely on codes of ethics more frequently as a tool to ensure that their employees are engaged in ethical behavior in the course of their job duties. Over time, these tools have evolved from a focus on ethics as strictly legal compliance to a more sophisticated understanding of ethics which addresses the complex nature of interpersonal relationships. The author addresses how this shift in focus has impacted employees and proposes the adoption of a fiduciary standard in ethics codes for employees of international corporations.


This book is a religious history of MOVE, a small, mostly African American religious group devoted to the religious teachings of John Africa that emerged in Philadelphia in the early 1970s. MOVE is perhaps best known for the MOVE Bombing. In 1985, the Philadelphia Police Department—working in concert with federal and state law enforcement—attacked a home that MOVE people shared in West Philadelphia, involving hundreds of police officers and firefighters and using tear gas, 10,000 rounds of ammunition, and improvised explosives. Most infamously, a police officer dropped a bomb containing C-4 explosives, which he had acquired from the FBI, from a helicopter onto the roof of the MOVE house. The bomb started a fire, which officials allowed to spread in hopes of burning MOVE people out of the house. Police officers fired upon MOVE people who tried to escape the flames. Eleven MOVE people died in the attack, including John Africa. Five of those who died were children. Based on never-before-seen law enforcement records and extensive archival and ethnographic research, MOVE: An American Religion reinterprets the history of MOVE from its origins in the late 1960s, its growth in the early 1970s, its conflicts with the United States government from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, and its presence today. It is the first full-length academic study of MOVE since 1994 and is the first book to consider MOVE as a religion.


A method for the design of simple and complex acoustic screens is described with special reference to the use of electronic data processing. The method is based on fresnel zone construction and is compared with other design methods. The first part shows the derivation of the intensities which can be associated with each of the screen edges. In part two a spatial arrangement of obstacles is represented in one plane and the projections of the screens are considered as a whole. The projection onto the plane of reference is carried out in such a manner that the deviation of the noise at the edges of the panels is preserved. In addition methods are given for calculating the attenuation provided by buildings and vegetation, especially where non-permeable obstacles are present in the sound path. Further information concerns the calculation of the reflexions from any surface. /TRRL/


Annenberg Institute for School Reform I began my career as a science teacher at a public charter school. We were small in size, and the staff were all very new to the profession. The school was built around a model of behavior management that was punitive. Staff would enter merits and demerits in a computer system that tracked and communicated this information to administration, students, and families. Students performing within the expected performance band were celebrated and those dropping below a certain status were eventually suspended or expelled from the building. For some students this system was effective, but the students who struggled to meet expectations were rarely able to catch up, and most ended up being pushed out of the school. Empathy, Equity, Empowerment: Using Restorative Practices to Build Character and Community While Reducing Suspensions


As a result of the implementation of the Green Electricity Act-2012 with its improved conditions for renewable energy generators, there is currently a massive increase in the requests for grid access to all distribution system operators in Austria. This "boom" has und will have an enormous effect at all voltage levels on the distribution grids. This paper will focus on the influence of the recently new wind park projects development and the regulatory framework regarding the connection of RES installation in Austria. (3 pages)


631 ROE ET AL., have presented a summary of the dose accuracy testing procedures for the Humalog®/Humulin® Pre-filled Insulin Injection System.1 Three different models of pens were tested. Each contained a distinct modification of a key feature of the pens, known as the insufficient remaining dose (IRD) stop. This part of the pen prevents users from setting a dose that exceeds the amount of insulin remaining in the cartridge. The strength of the three pens to withstand torque forces applied to the pen when dialing in a final dose of insulin that could be delivered by the pen before its insulin ran out was also measured. The three models were compared with each other to determine the best (in terms of accuracy of dose delivery and strength to withstand torquing forces by users on the final allowable dose) IRD from a preselected menu of three possible settings. The authors did not present accuracy data, quantifying the delivery dose of the pen against an absolute scale, nor did they compare the delivery dose from a Humalog®/Humulin® pen with that of a syringe and needle. Instead, the authors compared the relative accuracy of three sets of pens against each other at three different temperatures, in which each set was calibrated to one of three different IRD settings. The authors mentioned that the final product containing the best IRD settings has met standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the International Organization of Standards. Patient satisfaction polling was conducted by the authors, and they found that 70% of a cohort of insulin-using patients said that they would be likely to use the new pen if it was on the market. It is critical that an insulin pen deliver the desired amount of insulin to avoid unpredictable high or low blood glucose excursions. With a pen, unlike with a needle and syringe, the patient cannot see whether the proper insulin dose is loaded into the barrel, so a pen must be designed to accurately deliver the specified dose. Fortunately, thanks to the type of engineering systems described by Roe et al., insulin pens have been demonstrated in several studies to deliver insulin accurately, according to the dose dialed into the pen.2–4 In one study of the accuracy of pen injection doses reported in 1998 and conducted in Manchester, United Kingdom, various doses of insulin were dispensed from pens and syringes and then weighed. Intended and actually delivered dosages were compared. When doses of 1, 2, and 5 U (units) of insulin were measured, the accuracy (percentage errors) of two brands of pen-injectors was similar to each other, and both were more accurate than syringes. Errors for 1 U (mean [SD]) were 8 (3)% and 11 (4)% for the two pens and 23 (9)% for syringes. Errors for 10 U were 9.8 (0.1)% and 9.9 (0.1)% for the same two pens and 10.1 (0.1)% for syringes. The authors concluded that all


We present the first implementation of double-helix phase masks for 3D microscopy with high photon collection efficiency. The mask is fabricated using gray-level mask-less lithography. The system demonstrates precise 3D tracking of quantum dots.


RTAs (Regional Trading Agreements) are in focus again. There has been manifold increase in the number as well as the complex issues it is covering now a day. This manifold increase has given rise to concerns whether what was allowed as an exception to multilateralism is taking over multilateralism. That is whether it is overtaking multilateralism or not? This paper tries to supply arguments from both the side that whether it is in fact acting as a stumbling block to multilateralism or is serving as a building block to multilateralism. Finally it concludes that it is acting as a building block to multilateralism. However, this conclusion has been subjected to a proviso that only deep economic integration help further multilateralism and overlapping FTAs do not.


To produce tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) at lower energy consumption and with less environmental pollution, a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) of A-BP configuration (A, anion exchange membrane; BP, bipolar membrane) was adopted to electro-alkalize tetramethyl ammonium chloride. The results for one-unit BMED stack indicate that current efficiency increases and energy consumption decreases as feed concentration increases or current density decreases. The highest current efficiency can reach 99.9%, and the lowest energy consumption is 1.43 kWh kg−1. On the basis of a 3-unit BMED, the process cost is estimated to be 0.33 $ kg−1 of TMAH. This method is not only environmentally friendly but also cost-effective.


he journal Contemporary Nurse provides a forum where current issues in nursing can be presented and shared with others. Recently, I was taking an undergraduate semester four tutorial in professional practice issues when one student bravely sat up and uttered 'you are teaching us all this idealism but when we get to clinical practice it is only perceived reality that counts, only tasks ... maybe what you are teaching us is futuristic, not here and now'. This statement was rather disconcerting even though inwardly I suspect, as I am sure many nurses do that we are still some way from closing the theory-practice gap. The question in my mind now is 'why haven't we broken the cycle'? Nursing students learn about providing care that is client-centred, ethical, and within the legal boundaries throughout their course. Why then are students and graduates not able to maintain care that goes beyond task orientation and is of a high standard, encompassing learned ideals? Can we then say that there are two faces to the contemporary nurse? One that knows and carries with him/her the learned ideals of nursing care and the other that practices using less than ideal principles of care. As a hospital and University educated nurse and having worked with students in the clinical area, I believe I am able to provide some insight into what may be happening with regards to this theory-practice gap.


Politically, it isn't smart to "bash" the person in the dental practice who writes your paycheck but, let's face it, we all know he or she exists … and can cause your day to be horrid.


To direct at the high-volume computing and high real-time features of video monitoring system,an embedded video monitoring system based on the DaVinci technology is put forward.This system makes full use of the TMS320DM6467 ARM+DSP dual-core processor for multi-video collection and monitoring.This scheme based on TMS320DM6467 internal VPIF video interface,making use of available video decoder and encoder,and designs a standard video signal input and output system.


Outlines recent trends in Belgian economic geography, reviewing differing methodological approaches and themes of analysis in industrial geography and service-sector studies. -H.Clout


The first exposure most new students of American history have to problems of scholarly interpretation invariably centres on the modem chestnut "conflict or consensus." Is American history the product of a long series of battles between diametrically opposed forces reflecting a society with deep internal divisions or of a slow evolutionary liberal process of change reflecting a society in essential agreement? A general weariness with the debate seems to be setting in but the historical profession has so far been unable to formulate a new paradigm to replace the old one.


Hydrogen diffusion in steels is temperature-dependent, and accordingly if incubation period to failure in sulfide corrosion environment were affected by hydrogen diffusion, the incubation period would be also temperature-dependent.In this investigation the temperature dependence of sulfide corrosion cracking in weldable high strength steels, especially of 80 kg/mm2 level, has been studied. Both constant strain method and constant load method were used in this investigation and the time to failure after loading was measured in the temperature range 0°C to 70°C. The results obtained are as follows.1). The susceptibility to sulfide corrosion cracking in high strength steels is temperature-dependent and the incubation period to failure is minimum at about 35°C.2). At temperatures lower than 35°C the relation between the reciprocal of testing temperature and the logarithm of ratio of incubation period to testing temperature is represented by a straight line with a positive incline. Activation energy of cracking calculated from the incline is stress-dependent and activation energy of cracking at no load is estimated at about 27, 000 cal/mol by extrapolating the relation between applied stress and activation energy. This value is markedly high comparing with activation energy of hydrogen diffusion in steel, i. e., about 9, 000 cal/mol.3). The susceptibility to sulfide corrosion cracking in high strength steels is anisotropic: the susceptibility in thickness direction is considerably higher than that in roll direction. It is supposed that the above results from the existence of thin and lamellar non-metallic inclusions extended in roll direction. Segregation of Mn, S, and small amount of Cr and C are recognized in the inclusions4). The incubation period to failure remarkably depends on applied load in roll direction, while in the thickness direction applied load dependence of the incubation period is scarcely recognized.


Windmilling characteristics are one of the important performance indices to engine design and assessment.It is very difficult to accurately determine engine windmilling characteristics,in particular windmilling drag,for the windmilling state seriously deviates from the engine design point.This paper described the mechanism of the aero-engine windmilling drag,and theoretically deduced the formula for determining it in the simulated altitude test,and finally the experimental method for determining the engine windmilling drag was introduced.The method was satisfactorily applied to the windmilling characteristics test of a turbofan engine.


Facing targets sputtering (FTS) system (Fig. 1(a)) can form various functional ferromagnetic thin films owing to its unique sample and targets configuration. Ru/FeCo(B) thin films prepared by the FTS system shows large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy along the facing targets direction in the film plane.[1] Structural analysis using in-plane X-ray diffraction measurements clarified that the in-plane anisotropy was caused by an anisotropic residual stress formed during deposition process. However, the origin of the anisotropic residual stress has not been understood yet. Since the initiation and accumulation of the residual stress during the film formation seem to be important; we developed high sensitive in-situ internal stress observation system to clarify the initial stage of the film growth. In this study, we discuss the film formation process at the initial stage of various ferromagnetic and non-magnetic films formed by FTS system using in-situ observation results.


This paper examines changes in the time American children spent with their parents between 1981 and 1997, and the contribution to these changes of shifting patterns of female labor force participation, family structure, and parental education. Changes are decomposed into the parts attributable to changes in demographic characteristics and parts likely due to changes in behavior. In general, children's time with parents did not decrease over the period, and in two parent families, it increased substantially. Population level changes in demographic characteristics were found to have only small direct effects on time children spent with parents. Datasets used: 1981 Current Population Survey 1997 Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics 1981 Time Use in Social and Economic Accounts—The Time Use Longitudinal Panel Study, 1975-1981


With the assumed digitalisation happening on the end-user side, progressive security systems integrators stress the importance of changing the business concept from being installers to being service and solution providers. However, less is known about the details of this process on the end-user side, Markus Lahtinen of LUSAX project explains.


A method is presented for perturbing air traffic scenarios and analyzing the resulting conflicts. The perturbations consist of a specified range of spatial and temporal modifications of the trajectories, and the analysis identifies all possible conflicts within the perturbation range. This method enables new scenarios to be generated for simulation testing of air traffic management tools and concepts. Some potential applications are presented, such as the analysis of the sensitivity of a scenario to temporal perturbations, the prediction of areas of high-density traffic, and the estimation of conflict probabilities for long-range (one-to-six hour) trajectory predictions. A study of discrete and interpolated conflict detection accuracy as a function of the surveillance-sampling period is also presented, showing that interpolated detection halves the number missed conflicts when compare to discrete detection and that accuracy degrades significantly when the sampling period exceeds twelve seconds.


On August 9, 2014, Michael Brown was shot to death in Ferguson, Missouri, by police officer Darren Wilson. Members of the Ferguson community rose up in response. Protests demanding that police violence against African Americans cease and that accountability for police misconduct be addressed erupted across the country, and they have not subsided since. Incidents in Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; WallerCounty, Texas; and elsewhere have kept the movement alive. The mass media, the political elite, and the White middle class woke up to a reality that had been long known to communities of color – force is used disproportionately against people of color, and this has caused a breakdown in trust between the police and the communities they serve. There are many causes for this breakdown in trust. Police officers are the faces of a criminal justice system that has dramatically disproportionate negative effects based on race and economic status. Practices like stop-and-frisk and broken windows policing have put people of color in hostile contact with law enforcement on a daily basis. The imposition of excessive fines and court fees in some communities has created severe criminal consequences often for traffic or other minor offenses.


The full electric aircraft concept requires accurate design and suitable choice and integration of all the used components. Obviously, the electric propulsion drive is one of the most important on-board equipment. Both power converters and electric motors must have low weight, suitable overload capacity and high reliability. In this paper, two possible solutions of electric propulsion motor for unmanned aerial vehicle are investigated. Sizes, weight and some features of a three-phase PMSM motor are compared to those of a six-phase motor obtained by an appropriate rewinding of the armature, with fixed stator and rotor magnetic circuits. The losses obtained from the numerical analyzes are compared to evaluate the convenience of one solution over the other.


Mammalian β-defensins are innate host defense peptides with potential as a therapeutic agent. Present study reports expression of β-defensin mRNA transcript in teat mucosal layer of Bubalus bubalis, which is homologous to lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) of cattle. The PCR-amplified and cloned full-length cDNA encodes for a putative peptide of 64 residues (≈7 kDa) with pI of 11.324 and possess characteristic features of β-defensin family including presence of six evolutionary conserved cysteine residues. The first 21 amino acids constitute a putative signal peptide, suggesting that it is a secretory protein. The peptide shares 85%–100% sequence identity with β-defensins of cattle (Bos taurus). Nonetheless, the maximum identity at nucleotide (100%) and amino acid (98.5%) level was with cattle LAP, which is in consistent with phylogeny analysis report. Hence, the cloned β-defensin has been designated as buffalo LAP. This study envisages role of β-defensin peptides in innate immunity of mammary gland.


In rural Sri Lanka the demands of using appropriate methodologies for identifying poverty and subsequently persons who may or may not benefit from development interventions are challenging and made more difficult when considering the villager's own perceptions of what it means to be poor. Investigations into livelihoods can promote an awareness of the nature of activities that people engage in and the resources they are able or would like to access with the associated conflicts over entitlements. In a village setting the hierarchical nature of these strategies may highlight people's vulnerability. This has further implications for development in Sri Lanka where decisions over the allocation of agricultural assistance, particularly at a local level, is often biased towards those who focus entirely on agriculture and thus are considered to be 'real' farmers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The irrigation schedule in arid areas has to be efficient in order to reduce losses due to evaporation and deep infiltration. Irrigation optimization poses the need to establish with precision the value of actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and the crop coefficient (Kc). The water soil availability can be increased using hydrogel and organic matter amendments, and their effects could vary ETa and Kc. The aim of this study was to determine the ETa, and Kc of an experimental site with lysimeters on the Spanish Mediterranean coast cropped with a turf grass variety, Agrostis stolonifera ‐L‐93, under field conditions, and amended with hydrogel and organic matter.


The previously developed method for reconstructing
the relief of an insulating potential created by an ultrathin silicon
oxide layer from the field dependences of the tunneling current
has been modernized. Parameters of the trapezoidal model
potential, which provide the dependence of the derivative of
the logarithm of the current with respect to voltage as close as
possible to the experimental one, are obtained. The approach to
starting successive iterations of the potential has been changed
in such a way that instead of zeroing the coordinates of the
first turning point in the zero approximation, functions calculated
using the model form are used. The modernized algorithm
is applied to experimental field dependences of the current in
n+-Si−SiO2−n-Si structures with an oxide thickness of 3.7 nm,
which have a pronounced asymmetry of the tunneling current-
voltage characteristics with respect to the polarity of the external
voltage. The effective potential barrier reconstructed from the
experimental data is always significantly thinner than the insulating
layer; its maximum is shifted towards the contact with the
polycrystalline material, and the effective mass of the tunneling
electron is several times greater than the value typical for bulk
silicon oxide.


I undertook this paper so that I, along with other librarians and educators, could better understand how to comply with copyright law, conserve university resources, and streamline services to students regarding the procurement of public performance rights (PPR) for films and other audiovisual resources. Student groups frequently screen films on campuses, and accepted legal interpretations of sections 101 and 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act indicate that a specific license should be sought for any public performance of a copyrighted audiovisual work. My review of PPR information on the public websites of the 38 members of the ORBIS-Cascade Alliance (an academic library consortium in the Northwest) points to the potential for greater collaboration with student affairs professionals and other campus departments to provide more accurate and complete information about PPR and library audiovisual resources (e.g., DVDs or streaming media) that have PPR attached. Campus-focused resources about PPR should include information about fair use, educational exemptions, public domain, open licenses, and library-licensed content that comes with PPR. The academic library community could undertake a project to enhance the accessibility of accurate and supportive PPR information to student groups by creating tools or best practices. This area is ripe for more current research.


It has been proposed that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) directed at specific HIV antigens are important in controlling ongoing HIV infection.


THE processing of films in summer months and in tropical climates offers many difficult problems and often taxes almost to the limit the ingenuity as well as the nerves of the dark-room technician. There is scarcely an x-ray laboratory that is not familiar with the peeled, scratched, crinkled emulsion peculiar to high temperatures. These obstacles offered by heat are all too often dismissed as insurmountable and wretchedly macerated emulsions accepted with a Job-like attitude. Photographers, especially those in Government service, have found means of combating the effects of heat and with little trouble these measures can be applied to any x-ray processing room, whether it be a 4 × 4 foot closet in a private office or a large refrigerated hospital dark room (and both types suffer from the heat). By the use of some very simple measures available to anyone, it is not only possible but quite easy to finish x-ray films at temperatures up to 95 degrees F. without any cooling of the solutions, yielding results ...


Objective To explore the effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose sensitive haemagglutination(PA-MSHA)vaccine on the immune function and prevention of pulmonary infection in severe traumatic patients.Methods Fifty-five patients with severe trauma were studied and were at ran- dom divided into two groups after admission to our ICU:control group(n=27)and vaccine group(n= 28).Besides routine treatment for two groups,vaccine group accepted injection of 1.0mL of PA-MSHA strain vaccine by subcutaneous injection once a day for 14 days.In two groups,the immune function data were measured respectively at first day and 14th day after admission,and the rates of pulmonary infection were evaluated.Results At 14th day,the levels of serum IgG,complement C3 and C4,NK cell activi- ty,CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 ratio in vaccine group were significantly higher(P<0.01)than those at first day,respectively,while only the level of complement C3 was elevated(P<0.05)significantly in the con- trol group.The rate of pulmonary infection in vaccine group(21.4%)was greatly lower than that in con- trol group(44.4%),P<0.01.Conclusion PA-MSHA vaccine can improve the immune function of severe traumatic patients and may play an important role to reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection.


Media commentator Fletcher writes: "Looking back, we can see that New Orleans was not British journalism's finest hour. Speculation rapidly became fact. Hearsay was presented as hard evidence. Caution diminished as the story grew. Only as the waters subsided did it become clear that many stories of murders, rapes and dead bodies were myths. The number of dead did not rise to tens of thousands - though around 1,000 did die in the state of Louisiana - and there was no epidemic. Andrew Gilligan, who reported from New Orleans for the London Evening Standard, says the press cast a slur on a devastated city: 'A city was libelled. As well as losing homes, and in some cases lives, the whole population was libelled as savages and criminals.'"


As a well-known poet from Fujian province between the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and an influential civil official at the grand council and ministry level both in the two imperial courts,occupied a comparatively important position in the history of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.With his outstanding achievements in poetry creation,he became the carrier of the poetic style of the imperial courts and at the same time the initiator of the Fujian poetry of the Ming Dynasty.Nevertheless,studies of such a poet have been relatively weak up till now so that the basic historical facts about his life and creation have not been straightened.When his poetry creation is investigated,Zhang's creation course can be divided into 4 stages,in line with which,the mentality,style and development process of his poetry creation can be grasped.


Analyzed the molecular structure of 4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy Cinnamylic Acid (HMCA), and studied the second-order nonlinear optical properties. The results reveal that it has fairly strong SHG effect and good transparency. The cut-off wavelength λ cut-off =420nm.Calculated its molecular second-order polarizability β, and a comparative study on its pertinent derivatives is carried out.


Gwen Harwood is one of Australia's most celebrated poets. Her longstanding collaboration with composer Larry Sitsky produced six substantial operas between 1963 and 1982; Fall of the House of Usher (1965); Lenz (1970); Fiery Tales (1975, based on Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and excerpts from Boccaccio's Decameron); Voices in Limbo (1977); The Golem (1980, first performed in 1993); and De Profundis (1982, a setting of Oscar Wilde's letters). Both Harwood and her critics acknowledge the libretti as some of her best writing (Harwood cites her libretto for Lenz as her 'selected poem'); to date, there has been no major study of these works. This thesis engages with Harwood's opera texts, arguing for readings that are neither atomist nor reductive but jointly focused on both the effect of the text and the mechanics of its production. It begins by outlining the theoretical terrain of words and music studies and establishes an approach to Harwood and Sitsky's operas based on the idea that opera's textual exaggeration is a function of its multiple critical components; that is, the intersection of words and music, collaborative authorship, and dramatic language. The thesis then offers focused studies of each of these aspects in Harwood and Sitsky's works, constructing a literary picture of the opera texts. Primary sources include the scores of the operas (usually copies of the composer's autograph), selected correspondence between Sitsky and Harwood, drafts and typescripts of the libretti (held in the National Library, Canberra, and the Fryer Library, University of Queensland), and selected essays by Harwood on her words for music.


Research purposes: In order to meet the design requirements of the infrastructure maintenance base of the passenger dedicated line at home and abroad,this paper summarize the design of the Chinese first infrastructure maintenance base of passenger dedicated line in Guangzhou and deeply discusses the functional orientation,design size and general layout of the maintenance base for the purposes of offering the new ideas and providing the references to the similar works in future. Research conclusions:The infrastructure maintenance base of passenger dedicated line should be designed on consideration of the whole railway network in China.The distribution and functional orientation of the base should be chosen reasonably.The base site should be selected on the premise of meeting the requirements of the railway plan.The comprehensive decision should be made on consideration of the various factors to reduce the impact on the environment.When making the general layout design of the base,the layout should be reasonably compact without disturbances of various production and maintenance processes each other and the design of various pipelines should be improved with the reserved condition for future.


The scanning‐beam switch is a novel device to generate intense rf radiation for applications to electron accelerators. Operation is based on the transverse deflection of a high‐current sheet electron beam by an oscillating electric field. Amplifier experiments require a high‐voltage ac driver for beam deflection. This article describes a driver that combines a commercial high‐power pulsed triode with a resonant step‐up transformer. In initial tests, the device generated ac voltages up to ±12 kV at 50, 150, and 250 MHz.


OBJECTIVE To observe the bioavailability of domestic cisapride capsule and Prepuside.METHODS A single oral dose of 15 mg domestic Cisapride capsule or Prepuside was given to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study.Cisapride concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC method.RESULTS The results showed that the plasma concentration time curves of the two products were all fitted to two compartment model.: t peak of domestic Cisapride capsule and Prepuside were (1.58±0.31) and ( 1.65 ±0.36) h, AUC were (822.98±80.60) and (802.39±18.59) μg·h·L -1 , c max (65.52±5.15) and (64.29±5.42) μg·L -1 ,respectively. AUC 0~t of two products were (817.35±80.67) and (801.94±73.33) μg·h·L -1 ,Actual mesured c max (70.74±6.03)and (70.61±6.93) μg·L -1 ,Actual measured t max (1.8±0.3) and (1.6±0.2) h,respectively.The relative bioavailability of domestic to imported tablets was (102.0±4.9)%.CONCLUSION There were no statistically significant difference between the two products ( P 0.05).The results demonstraed that the two preparations were bioequivalent.


Hypertensive disorders is a specific disease that occurs in pregnancy,which is still one of the main causes of maternal and neonatal death up till now.Pre-eclampsia is the most common and major type of this disease.Its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully understood.At present,foreign scholars have revealed the process of extravillous trophoblast invasion and spiral arterial remodeling in vivo at the molecular and cellular level,mainly including the extravillous trophoblast invasion and the cell apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.A number of factors that impair this progress have been put forward.An in-depth study in their correlation with the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia proposes many hypotheses and inferences,and make perfect the hypotheses of ischemia and hypoxia of placenta.This article reviews the development of this process and the correlation with pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia in recent years.


Decoding algorithm is a crucial part in statistical machine translation. We describe a stack decoding algorithm in this paper. We present the hypothesis scoring method and the heuristics used in our algorithm. We report several techniques deployed to improve the performance of the decoder. We also introduce a simplified model to moderate the sparse data problem and to speed up the decoding process. We evaluate and compare these techniques/models in our statistical machine translation system.


Electrochemical reactions in acidic H 20 2 solution were studied on Hg by a galvanostatic and a polarographic method, respectively for cathodic and anodic measurements. Results are as follows: (i) The dependence of the rest potential, Vr, on pH, [H20 2] and [SO~-] is aVr/a pH=O, aVr/a log [H20 Z] =27 ± 1.5 mv and aVr/a log [SO~-] = -58 ± 1 mv, where [ ] indicates the concentration. (ii) Rate equation for the cathodic reduction is ic= const .• [H20 2]· exp (-0.18 FV/RT), being independent of pH and [SO~-], where ie, and V are the cathodic current density and the electrode potential (N. H. E. scale), respectively. (iii) Rate equation for the anodic process is ia = const· [SOi-P.2 exp (1.9 FV/RT), being independent of [H20 Z] and pH. These results lead to the following conclusions; (i) the rate-determining step of the cathodic reduction is H 20 2+e-OH(a)+OR(or H 20 Z), where (a) designates the adsorbed state, (ii) the anodic process is not the oxidation of H 20 2 but of Hg electrode by 2Hg+SO~ = Hg2S04 + 2e with the rate-determining step, 2HgS04" (HgS04)~(a), and (iii) the rest potential is explained quantitatively as a mixed potential determined with the reduction of H Z0 2 to water and the oxidation of Hg to Hg2S04.


shows that CXKCIV means not 'to drag' (as our own speech habit might suggest) but 'to ply with energy' (or as our drill instructors put it 'to "pick 'em up!" '). The translation of 1181—2 might then be: 'Already a swift goer, picking up his legs, might be reaching out to the finishing line of a six-plethron course . . .'. If it be objected that the compound dveXiceiv is not (and could not be) used in the suggested sense, the answer may be that Schaefer was right to divide av eXiciov (av is obviously desirable, in spite of the parallel quoted by Mr. Levitt from El. 824-6;' and there cannot be any palaeographical objection to the division). It may however be felt that the evidence now available about the state of the text at this point excludes Reiske's e/orAeflpou; in that case, we must try to find a sense for dviXxtav which will enable it to govern KWXOV ZiarXeBpov. The attested senses of dviXKav (cf. L.S.J., s.v.) are 'pull in, pull up, pull back', so that there is a strong suggestion about the word of hauling on a rope; and the point of using such a metaphor in this connexion may be to suggest the well-known optical illusion by which a moving object and a stationary background appear to exchange roles: as to passengers in an aircraft or ship coming in to land it may seem that the land is coming in to them, so a spectator may have the impression that a fast runner is not himself moving, but that he is (so to speak) 'hauling in' the course to himself. In that case, a correct translation of 1181-2 might be: 'Already, hauling in a six-plethron lap (of the course), a swift goer might be reaching out to the finishing line (of the course).' The brackets denote uncertainty about the proper construction of Spo/iov; I have a slight preference for the construction with but do not see how to argue for it.


Objective: To evaluate the reliability of QLICP-GA (quality of life instruments for cancer patients-gastric cancer) scale by using generalizability theory, and to provide the references in order to revise and improve this scale. Methods: The mean squares of person (p), item (i) and the person-by-item interaction effect (pi) were calculated by using the module of UNIANOVA under the menu of General Linear Model in SPSS software. Furthermore, the generalizability coefficients and indexes of dependability were calculated in order to assess the reliability of QLICP-GA scale. Results: The largest source of variation in every domain was due to person-by-item interaction. The variances accounted for by person were large, while the variation accounted for by item was minimal. Generalizability coefficients of five domains were 0.774 (physical domain), 0.854 (psychological domain), 0.670 (social domain), 0.717 (common symptom and side effect domain), and 0.696 (specific domain), respectively. Conclusion: Physical domain, psychological domain and common symptom and side effect domain in QLICP-GA have good reliability. However, social domain and specific domain have acceptable reliability. Social domain should be emphasized when this scale will be revised and improved in future. The number of items of social domain should be added from 6 to 8 or 10. Secondly, the number of items of specific domain may be slightly added from 7 to 9. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2013.05.008


Vocal copying (vocal imitation, vocal mimicry, and vocal convergence) in birds is reviewed and synthesized by placing these phenomena in a functional and evolutionary framework. Confusion surrounding avian vocal copying has resulted from vague and inconsistently applied terminology, virtually no experimental field work, and a failure to consider vocal copying in an evolutionary perspective. Four categories of vocal copying are recognized herein: vocal appropriation, vocal imitation, vocal mimicry, and vocal convergence or nondivergence. Vocal mimicry, a vocalization that serves to deceive a signalreceiver, is the rarest of the four categories and has not been verified experimentally.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fish meal (FM) substitution with gradient soybean meal (SBM) or fermented and phytase-treated soybean meal (PHSBM) in the diets of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). A 9 week feeding trial was conducted using juvenile turbots (Scophthalmus maxima) fed seven experimental diets. The seven isonitrogenous (approximately 50% crude protein) and isoenergetic (approximately 21.0 kJ/g diet of gross energy) diets were formulated to include FM protein substitution with corresponding amounts of protein from soybean meal and phytase-treated soybean meal sources. Results showed that survival rate and feed intake did not differ significantly between the FM diet and any plant protein incorporated diets. Compared with the FM diet, final body weight and SGR were significantly reduced by the SBM2, SBM3, and PHSBM3 diets. Except for the PHSBM1 diet, feed efficiency ratio in the other SBM or PHSBM incorporated diets was much lower than in the FM diet. Body ash content was not affected by gradient PHSBM incorporated diets compared with the FM diet, while SBM incorporated diets (SBM2 and SBM3) showed a higher ash content than the FM diet (P<0.05). Body crude protein was significantly reduced when fishmeal protein was replaced by soybean meal up to 60% (SBM3). There was no significant difference in the crude lipid and moisture contents among different treatments. Fish meal replaced by gradient PHSBM did not affect the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter and crude protein, while the ADC of dry matter was markedly reduced in all the soybean meal incorporated diets compared with the FM diet. These results show that 30% fish meal protein could be replaced by soybean meal in the diet of turbot, while PHSBM could be substituted for up to 45% dietary fish meal. The IJA appears exclusively as a peer-reviewed on-line open-access journal at http://www.siamb.org.il/. To read papers free of charge, please register online at registration form. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden.


Abstract : The literature pertaining to linear programming under uncertainty is characterized by three major approaches, (i) Stochastic linear programming, (ii) chance constrained programming and (iii) Two-stage (in general m-stage) linear programming under uncertainty. These approaches offer a rich array of potential application possibilities provided algorithms can be made available to obtain solutions for any of the formulations that might be achieved. The present paper is directed to a study of some of the algorithmic possibilities with special reference to linear programming under uncertainty. More generally in Section 3 of this paper, a computational algorithm is developed for solving any convex programming problem with linear constraints when the criterion function has continuous derivatives. In Sections 4, 5, and 6 the applicability of the proposed procedure for solving a two-stage LP Model under three sets of assumptions regarding the stochastic nature of the defining parameters (A, B, c) is discussed. As illustrative examples, the capital budgeting and Portfolio Selection Models are considered in some detail. (Author)


In 2013 more than 50 ships gathered on the North Sea to perform an ambitious musical score, marking the disappearance of the sound of the foghorn from the UK's coastal landscape. More than 8000 people experienced the event created by the two artists Joshua Portway (UK), Lise Autogena(DK), in collaboration with the composer Orlando Gough (UK) and maritime communities in the North East of England.


Whether phytoplankton growth is solely constrained by temperature (hotter is better) or compensated by thermal adaptation is still under debate. We measured the temperature sensitivity of natural phytoplankton communities at both short‐term and seasonal timescales using temperature manipulation experiments. The activation energy across communities (mean ± SE: Ei = 0.51 ± 0.12 eV, Q10 = 1.98) is significantly lower than that within communities (Ea = 0.80 ± 0.10 eV, Q10 = 2.80). Moreover, using a larger dataset of phytoplankton growth rates measured in (sub)tropical waters, we estimated the across‐community activation energy as 0.33 ± 0.06 eV (Q10 = 1.56), which is also lower than Ea. Our study is the first to suggest the "hotter is partially better" for natural phytoplankton communities, indicating that the phytoplankton communities can show some thermal adaptation capability. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating the differential temperature sensitivities at different timescales into the biogeochemical models to better evaluate how marine ecosystems will respond to climate changes.


Detailed measurement results for Web traffic provide the foundations of analysis in both large scale user's access patterns and performance evaluation of Web servers and Web caches.This paper proposes a distributed online measurement system,which generates rich logs by packet monitoring for Web analysis in the cluster environment.The system gains high throughput and availability by adopting distributed processing technologies.Some new techniques,such as online reconstruction in memory and kernel packet filter,are also adopted to improve the system performance.


Case 5 . Endogenous chorioretinilis After pancreaticoduodenectomy a positive culture of Candida albicans was obtained from the subclavian catheter in a 57-year old man. One month later the visual acuity of both eyes decreased and each macular area showed yellowish lesions. l h e patient was first treated with intravenous amphotericin R and later with oral ketoconazole. Signs of active infection disappeared but the visual acuity remained poor.


Recently, the adverse effects of chronic RV apical pacing have been described including an increased risk of heart failure and death. In light of the growing number of implanted devices and enhanced survival of affected patients, the rate of surgical re-interventions at the site of initial system implantation will inevitable rise with time. These procedures will include simple generator replacements, e.g. in cases of battery depletion, but they will also consist of more complex procedures that require the implantation of a new lead, e.g. in case of lead failure, or even of multiple leads, e.g. if a device upgrade is planned. Tras venous lead placement from the site of The initial device implantation is favored for practical considerations, but it may become challenging or even impossible if the respective vein is significantly obstructed or occluded, which may be the case in 5–26% of the patients with a chronically implanted device by [1,2]. One potential option in case of ipsilateral vein obstruction is transvenous electrode placement from the contralateral vein with subcutaneous pre-Sternal tunneling (TUN) of the lead to the device. This approach has been described first by Belott [3]. Although only acute experience from single cases provides evidence for this approach, [4 ] it is listed as one potential options in current standard textbooks [5].


Electrochemical valorization of biomass waste (e.g., glycerol) for production of value‐added products (such as formic acid) in parallel with hydrogen production holds great potential for developing renewable and clean energy sources. Here, a synergistic effort between theoretical calculations at the atomic level and experiments to predict and validate a promising oxide catalyst for the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) are reported, providing a good example of designing novel, cost‐effective, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for producing value‐added products at the anode and high‐purity hydrogen at the cathode. The predicted CoMoO4 catalyst is experimentally validated as a suitable catalyst for GOR and found to perform best among the investigated metal (Mn, Co, Ni) molybdate counterparts. The potential required to reach 10 mA cm−2 is 1.105 V at 60 °C in an electrolyte of 1.0 m KOH with 0.1 m glycerol, which is 314 mV lower than for oxygen evolution. The GOR reaction pathway and mechanism based on this CoMoO4 catalyst are revealed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and in situ Raman analysis. The coupled quantitative analysis indicates that the CoMoO4 catalyst is highly active toward CC cleavage, thus presenting a high selectivity (92%) and Faradaic efficiency (90%) for formate production.


This paper discusses the necessity of the feasibility analysis of reader investigation,expounds the methods for carrying out the feasibility analysis of reader investigation,and puts forward some problems needing attention in the process of the feasibility analysis of reader investigation.


In response to the national sustainable development strategy of energy utilization, good results have been achieved in the research of distributed power and microgrid technology in recent years, and more clean energy has been utilized to become a member of the microgrid. The output of the type power supply is easily affected by natural conditions. If it is not strictly regulated and directly input into the large power grid, it will bring adverse effects to the system.


The invention provides a method for determining hole pattern parameters of a continuous mill by mechanical drawing. The method comprises the following steps of: filling parameters of a pipe blank and a rolled pipe blank and required parameters in a hole pattern parameter list according to a pass schedule; filling partial hole pattern design parameters and a regular relation in the hole pattern parameter list and calculating corresponding parameters; drawing a hole pattern according to the data by using a mechanical drawing method; labeling and measuring the size and angle of the mechanically drawn hole pattern; obtaining data such as a center point coordinate of each hole pattern element and a steel tube deformation area according to the size and angle; filling the parameters in the hole pattern parameter list and calculating data such as elongation; and obtaining data of the hole pattern parameter list. The invention has the advantages that the design method is verified by given hole pattern parameters of a continuous mill imported from abroad, and the data are completely consistent. The invention has the advantage that a complicated algorithm and design steps are simplified by the technical scheme.


The article focuses on the study of the situation of Christian communities in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Egypt. In the Middle East, where Christianity was born more than two thousand years ago, representatives of this faith witnessed a number of socio-political, economic and demographic changes and faced not only oppression from the Muslim community, but also internal confessional contradictions. Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Egypt have long been of fundamental importance to Middle Eastern Christian communities, with their sectarian diversity. With the ongoing civil war and extremist activities in Syria, the Christian community has been particularly vulnerable. Maronites, who at the beginning of the 19th century. occupied a dominant position in Lebanon, are gradually giving way to the Muslim majority. After the invasion of American troops into Iraq in 2003 and the new stage in the history of the country that followed this event, associated with the activities of various terrorist groups, Iraqi Christians became the first point of impact from extremists and were demoralized. Despite the fact that Christianity was first spread in Alexandria in the 1st century, representatives of the Coptic Church in Egypt throughout history have faced numerous attacks and oppression of their national rights. In the context of the above significant and serious problems, it seems appropriate to study the situation of Christian communities in the four main territories of its settlement — Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Egypt.


In the oxygen-containing defect of insulation, corona discharge caused high temperature is the main reason for the cleavage of chemical bonds, which would lead the insulation failure. To address the problems, some of ReaxFF simulations are carried out to reveal the aerobic pyrolysis of widely-used insulation Kapton-type polyimide. The effects of temperature and its elevation gradient on the disintegration response and distribution of products are investigated. The result shows that, oxygen connects to polyimide chain without separation at the beginning of reaction. And the rate of temperature increase is able to accelerate destruction of the polymer. CO2, H2O and C2H2O are dominant products. The quantitative relation between CO2 and H2O in simulations of aerobic and non-oxygen models has proved the experimental result that oxygen enriched atmosphere is in favor of deterioration of polymers. The present work demonstrates that by using ReaxFF simulation method, it is able to elucidate detailed chemical reaction in polymer pyrolysis, by which the aging and failure of insulation can be in-depth understood.


Post-translational modifications of chromatin structure are recognised as having a potential role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Histone deacetylases play a central role in determining the acetylation status of histones and are emerging as novel targets in AML therapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) inhibit growth of primary AML blasts in vitro and demonstrate clinical activity in patients with relapsed AML. To date, three major classes of HDACs have been characterised which differ in their susceptibility to HDIs. However, little is known of the pattern of HDAC expression in AML and this limits the rational use of HDIs in this disease. We have analysed the pattern of class I, II and III HDAC expression in AML cell lines, primary AML blasts and CD34+ selected progenitors from cord blood and normal donors by real time quantitative PCR(RT-PCR). RT-PCR analyses demonstrated consistently increased expression in AML blasts of two HDACs compared with proliferating CD34 +ve cells from cord blood (n=5) . HDAC2 (class I HDAC) was more highly expressed in 3/3 myeloid cell lines and 20/24 primary AML samples, compared to cord blood CD 34+ve cells. SIRT1 (class III HDAC) was also more highly expressed in 3/3 myeloid cell lines and 24/24 primary AMLs. In contrast, no marked differences were detected in expression of HDAC1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 and SIRT 2–6. We therefore studied the impact of sodium valproate (SV), an HDI with reported activity in AML, on HDAC activity and expression. SV treatment resulted in time and dose dependent increases in histone acetylation and specific methylation at H3K4, in both AML cell lines and primary AML cells. We have shown that the mechanism of the increased methylation at H3K4 is partly a result of the preference of the methyltransferase enzyme for acetylated histones. Using quantitative RT-PCR we found that SV treatment of HL-60 cells resulted in increased expression of the gene for MLL, an enzyme known to be capable of methylating H3K4. These changes in chromatin were associated with dose dependent cell killing. Significant (p


A package for the automation of the Engineering Analysis (EA) process at the Stennis Space Center has been customized. It provides the ability to assign and track analysis tasks electronically, and electronically route a task for approval. It now provides a mechanism to keep these analyses under configuration management. It also allows the analysis to be stored and linked to the engineering data that is needed to perform the analysis (drawings, etc.). PTC s (Parametric Technology Corp o ration) Windchill product was customized to allow the EA to be created, routed, and maintained under configuration management. Using Infoengine Tasks, JSP (JavaServer Pages), Javascript, a user interface was created within the Windchill product that allows users to create EAs. Not only does this interface allow users to create and track EAs, but it plugs directly into the out-ofthe- box ability to associate these analyses with other relevant engineering data such as drawings. Also, using the Windchill workflow tool, the Design and Data Management System (DDMS) team created an electronic routing process based on the manual/informal approval process. The team also added the ability for users to notify and track notifications to individuals about the EA. Prior to the Engineering Analysis creation, there was no electronic way of creating and tracking these analyses. There was also a feature that was added that would allow users to track/log e-mail notifications of the EA.


We present a unique case of a 42-year-old gentleman with newly diagnosed Graves' disease and isolated right ventricular failure. Extensive evaluation to include echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization were negative for significant pulmonary hypertension or coronary artery disease as potential etiologies. Hyperthyroid induced vasospasm is a rare but reported clinical entity that serves to be a clinical and diagnostic dilemma.


Objective To research the relationship between volume dose(Vd)parameters V20 and V30of dose volume histogram(DVH)and radioactive lung injury caused by concurrent radiochemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer(LANSCLC),and to clear whether V30 and V20could evaluate the probability of radioactive lung injury in chemoradiation. Methods 36 patients treated with concurrent radiochemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed.Radiotherapy Ways :3D-CRT,the conventional fractionation was 2Gy/frack(F),5times/week,the total dose in concurrent chemoradiotherapy group was 66-70Gy/30-33 F and the total dose in sequential chemoradiotherapy group was 60-70 Gy/30-35 F.Chemotherapy plan:Taxol135mg·m-2 at the 1st and 22 nd days,Carboplatin AUC=6g·L-1·min-1,at the 1st and 22 nd days.The correlation analysis between the grade of level 2or higher incidence of radioactive lung injury and DVH parameters(V30and V20)was performed.And according to the whole lung average V30(18.17%)and V20(25.32%),the groups were set up:V30≤18%,V3018% and V20≤25%,V2025%,and the incidence of levels 2or higher radioactive lung injury in each group was compared.Results There has positive correlation between levels 2or higher lung injury classification and V20,V30(r=0.705,P0.05;r=0.740,P0.05);the incidence of levels2 or higher lung injury was respectively 16.67% and 55.56%in V30 ≤ 18.00% group and V3018.00% group,and there was significant difference(P0.05);the incidence of levels 2or higher lung injury was respectively17.64% and 52.63% in V20 ≤25% and V2025% groups,and there was significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion V30 and V20can be used to evaluate and forecast the incidence of radioactive lung injury;when V3018% and V2025%,the incidence of radioactive lung injury is significantly increased,and the treatment plan needs to be modified and even the design of treatment plan is given up.


Drought stress is a major factor limiting wheat growth and productivity. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are tolerant to water-related stress. To reveal the regulatory mechanisms of LEA proteins under drought stress, we cloned a novel group 3 LEA gene, namely, TaDlea3, from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Shaanhe 6. Subcellular localization assay showed that TaDlea3 protein accumulated in the cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results revealed that TaDlea3 expression was induced by drought stress. Western blot results indicated that TaDlea3 protein expression gradually increased with drought stress during four different developmental stages. Under normal conditions, no obvious


Comprehensive hygienic application coverage ■ Easy to clean in place (CIP) and steam in place (SIP) with EHEDG certified, 3-A authorized, ASME BPE design ■ Diameter matches standard process tubing for draining in any orientation ■ Fast product change-over with self-draining design and no profile effects ■ Single flow path is easy to clean mechanically ■ Highly-polished surface finish for ultra-pure fluids


Unreproducible spirometry in this study was associated with lower body mass index and the presence of work-related respiratory symptoms, with B estimates and p values respectively of -0.103 (p=0.036) and –0.994 (p=0.021), after correction for the effects of age, and smoking. Gender was not included in the final logistic model as all the small number of female workers attained reproducible results. Brick manufacturers and stone workers were asked specific physical activity questions. Early analysis indicates workers with reproducible spirometry and a BMI between 18.5-30 had the highest number of days of physical activity between 5 and 7 days (52%, 85/165). Quality of spirometry in the workplace; reproducibility and practical considerations, including comorbidity


Heart failure is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, yet patient risk stratification may be difficult. Prevention or treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) may be an important strategy in these patients that could positively affect their outcome. It has been demonstrated that in patients with systolic dysfunction, prolonged QRS duration (QRSd), an easily measured electrocardiographic parameter, is associated with AF.


Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are one of the most popular reversible contraception methods. However, if an event related to them is unanticipated, or if they are not located when missing, it can be dangerous. We present a case of chronic lower abdomen pain and recurrent urinary tract infection ongoing for 1.5 years. Despite the patient undergoing laparoscopic uterine myomectomy, her symptoms had not improved. The patient visited a genitourinary clinic for lower urinary tract symptoms and accepted cystoscopy and electrohydraulic lithotomy. Incidentally, a part of an IUD was found in the calculus. This case highlights the need for careful diagnosis and for locating missing IUDs to avoid serious complications.


In their submitted manuscript, Tachikawa and co-workers attempt to restore paleocirculation conditions at the time of the S1 sapropel deposition in the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea. Tachikawa et al. present new high resolution bulk sediment elemental composition (XRF and ICP-MS measurements) coupled to stable oxygen isotope analyses and benthic foraminifera assemblage data from a deep-sea core collected at 1780 m water-depth in the Eastern Levantine Sea. The age model of the studied core is based on 12 AMS 14C dates providing secular to millennial scale temporal resolution. The authors suggest, thanks to their results and existing data, that the S1 formation was induced by, marked fresh water inputs from the Nile river starting before its deposition between 15 to 12 ka and related to insolation changes. That would have had the effect to reduce the ventilation within the upper 1780 m. Finally, the authors propose a scenario characterizing the sapropel S1 interruption phase and S1 termiC2394


A method and system for adjusting internal pressure of a gas lifter includes measuring a variable opened angle of an openable object, such as a hood, a trunk lid or a tailgate, using an angle sensor, and adjusting the internal pressure of the gas lifter according to the measured opened angle of the openable object. The present invention helps a user easily open or close the openable object.


Abstract : Sine-cosine function generators using digital-differential-analyzer techniques and capable of three modes of operation were designed and evaluated. The units were expanded into a breadboard intercept computer system by development of ancillary digital techniques. (Author)


A non-contact heater can be controlled and a method bandage, the bandage covered with a thin layer of the peripheral seal connecting the heater, the seal assembly is connected by an adhesive to the skin, so as to enable the wound closest to the region supported in a noncontact heater. Thin layer surrounding ring defining a treatment space closest to the wound together. Bandage comprising a programmable heater control means and the active ring may be dispersed in water to control the humidity in the treatment space. One form of various active heating resistance wire geometries provide heating versatility for different types of wounds and wound area different shapes, form another actively heated hot gas is fed to the bandage.


In the absolute distance measurement of the non-cooperative target laser, the backscattering characteristics of the long-distance, real-machined surface are complex, and the parameters such as the incident azimuth angle, the incident angle, the surface texture, and the roughness are all have an impact to the real surface backscatter field distribution. Usually in the long distance, the distance measurement fails because the backscattering energy is weak. Therefore, the above parameters directly affect the absolute ranging range and accuracy, which is also an important bottleneck restricting the development of absolute ranging technology without cooperation targets. Aiming at this problem, a method to improve the range of actual machining surface ranging is proposed. According to the data collected by the ranging system, a multidimensional parameter inversion model of machining surface is constructed. This method can reverse the parameters such as the incident azimuth, the incident angle, the texture of the surface to be tested, the roughness and the processing method. It is verified by experiments that the actual surface processing method can be accurately distinguished under the inversion method, and the accuracy of the incident azimuth angle and the measured surface roughness inversion is also high, and the relative inversion errors are 1.20% and 1.01%, respectively. It is verified by experiments that the inversion of surface parameters greatly broadens the range of absolute distance measurement of non-cooperative target laser.


Lateral density and topography variations yield in and important contribution to the lithospheric stress field. The leading quantity is the Geopotential Energy, the integrated lithostatic pressure in a rock column. The horizontal gradient of this quantity is related to horizontal stresses through the Equations of equilibrium of stresses. The Geopotential Energy furthermore can be linearly related to the Geoid under assumption of local isostasy. Satellite Geoid measurements contain, however, also non-isostatic deeper mantle responses of long wavelength. Unfortunately, high-pass filtering of the Geoid does not suppress only the deeper sources. The age-dependent signal of the oceanic lithosphere, for instance, is of long wave length and a prominent representative of in-plane stress, derived from the horizontal gradient of isostatic Geoid anomalies and responsible for the ridge push effect. Therefore a global lithospheric density model is required in order to isolate the shallow Geoid signal and calculate the stress pattern from isostatically compensated lithospheric sources. We use a linearized inverse method to fit a lithospheric reference model to observations such as topography and surface heat flow in the presence of local isostasy and a steady state geotherm. Subsequently we use a FEM code to solve the Equations of equilibrium of stresses for a three dimensional elastic shell. The modelled results are shown and compared with the global stress field and other publications.


In this paper, we present two methods for performing design verification of switching power converters. The first method can be used to compute the set of reachable states from an initial set of states with non-deterministic parameters. We demonstrate the method on a buck converter in an open-loop configuration. The method is automatic and uses the hybrid systems reachability analysis tool SpaceEx. The second method uses model checking to verify circuits that can naturally be modeled as timed automata. We demonstrate the method on an open-loop multilevel converter used to convert several DC inputs to one AC output. The method is also automatic and uses the timed automata model checker Uppaal. Finally, we mention that in contrast to simulation or testing based approaches - for instance, the standard Monte Carlo analysis used when analyzing component variation in circuit designs - the methods presented in this paper perform the verification for all runs of the circuits and all possible component parameter variations.


The orthogonal experiments are used to study the effect of ethane concentration in gas fractionation unit to the propylene yield,and the process of gas fractionation unit has been simulated by PRO/II software.The changes of the propylene yield,the primary and secondary relationship between the influencing factors as well as the significance analysis are mainly studied,and it is concluded that for a higher yield of propylene than 93%,the concentration of ethane in raw liquid gas must be limited to a value lower than 1%.


ABSTRACT A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of biofertilizers (nitroxine and bio sulfur), superabsorbent polymer (SAP), and their interactions on plant biomass, essential oil content, and composition of Ocimum ciliatum. Nitrogen and sulfur content of leaves significantly increased in response to applied treatments. Biofertilizers and SAP affected the plant biomass and increased up 32.47% compared with control. Results showed that the essential oil content of O. ciliatum was not influenced by the type of treatments; however, biofertilizers and SAP application changed the relative proportions of essential oil constituents and induced synthesis of new constituents. The major compounds of all oil samples were aromatic compounds represented by methyl chavicol (32.6–67.1%) and oxygenated monoterpenes represented by citral (20.2–37.7%) which is the sum of geranial and neral. Essential oil chemotype was changed from methyl chavicol/citral to methyl chavicol in inoculated plants with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.


CHD is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Remarkably, CHD is largely preventable, as unhealthy lifestyles (smoking, lack of exercise and poor dietary habits) contribute to nearly 80 % of population-attributable risk (1,2). Among these lifestyle components, diet has been well studied. After decades of epidemiological, clinical and experimental research, an impressive body of scientific evidence has been built on the profound influence that nutrients, foods and dietary patterns have on health outcomes, including CHD (3,4). The present paradigm in nutritional epidemiology is to use diet-pattern analysis instead of isolated food or nutrient analysis, because it can assess the cumulative effects of the overall diet (5,6). In this sense, there is accumulating scientific evidence that, among widely followed dietary patterns, the Mediterra-nean diet (MeDiet) might be the healthiest one. For instance, a recent meta-analysis of eighteen prospective cohort studies showed that adherence to the MeDiet confers a significant and consistent protection in relation to the occurrence of major chronic degenerative diseases, including CVD incidence and mortality (7). Additionally, a systematic review of the effects of thirty-two candidate dietary factors on CHD risk ranked the MeDiet first as the most likely dietary model to provide causal protection (4). The MeDiet is identified as the traditional dietary pattern found in Crete, Greece, Italy and Spain in the early 1960s, and is characterised by a high intake of cereals, vegetables, fruits, nuts and olive oil; a moderate intake of fish and alcohol, mostly wine; and a low intake of dairy products, meat and meat products and sweets (8). Most foods consumed in the MeDiet are also present in other healthy dietary models. However , in opposition to all other healthy diets, the MeDiet has a high fat content as a distinguishing feature. This is because of the customarily high intake of olive oil, which is used abundantly as culinary fat and for dressing dishes, which facilitates intake of substantial quantities of vegetables. Olive oil is a flavoursome, tasty and nutritious edible fat that is usually obtained directly from pressing ripe olives; thus, it can be considered as an olive juice. When produced by mechanically pressing olives, olive oil is called 'virgin' and contains both the fat, made up mostly of the MUFA oleic acid (cis-18 : 1n-9), and minor components from the fruit, many of which are bioactive phytochemicals (9). The minor constituents are both lipid molecules such as squalene, toco-pherols, …


Hans G. Luhr, DMD, MD, of Gottinberg, West Germany, presented the American Society of Maxillofacial Kazanjian lecture entitled "Facial Skeletal Rigid Fixation: Past, Present, and Future" at the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery meeting, Atlanta, November, 1987. Dr Luhr, one of the originators of the rigid fixation system, presented his historical data related to the development and experimental evidence demonstrating the safety and rigidity of the rigid fixation system. Presently, he uses intermaxillary fixation intraoperatively to obtain perfect occlusion. He then applies rigid plates, both compression and noncompression, to provide solid fixation of the maxilla and mandible. Intermaxillary fixation wires are then removed before the patient is awakened from surgery. The patient can be fed and have a freely moveable mandible, even in the most severe fractures. Although Dr Luhr felt that the future might hold the possibility of resorbable materials used for fixation, he introduced his new


Abstract An analytical method for evaluating the illumination correlation function is presented for an aperture illumination distribution of Gaussian type. The Chebyshev series for the Gaussian function exp ( — Kx2 ) has been obtained and applied in the subsequent analysis. Using the analytically derived value of the illumination correlation function, the resulting integral of the power pattern in the far-field region and the average gain function can, in principle, be obtained.


A field experiment was carried out during the winter seasons of 2010–11 and 2011–12 at Jaguli, West Bengal, on sandy-clay loam soil, to study the effect of different weed-control methods on weed growth, soil-microbial populations and productivity of baby corn (Zea mays L.). Besides weed-free check, the higher yield of baby corn (1, 464 kg/ha) was recorded with 2 hand-weeding done at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) owing to significantly lower weed dry weight, higher weed-control efficiency (88.32%), lower weed index (4.63%) and increased nutrient uptake than the other treatments. This treatment was followed by straw mulch @ 10 t/ha and increased the yield by 68.98% over weedy check. Integrated weed-management practices like pre-emergence atrazine or metribuzin @ 1 kg/ha coupled with 1 hand-weeding at 30 DAS exhibited superiority to the respective atrazine or metribuzin @ 2 kg/ha alone. Straw-mulch treatment showed the maximum favourable effect on growth of non-symbiotic N-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria of soil. After the initial suppression, the adverse effect of herbicides on the bacterial population was recovered from 25 DAS. The maximum net returns (43, 470/ha) were obtained with hand-weeding twice, but the highest benefit: cost ratio (2.43) was recorded under atrazine-treated plots.


Abstract The Deverbal Nominal Construction of modern Italian belongs to a class of phenomena that present interesting theoretical challenges given their ambiguous status between morphological compounding and syntax. In this paper, we combine evidence from corpora and a systematic elicitation experiment to propose that Deverbal Nominal Constructions are actually a spurious class, including both true compounds and constructions that belong to the impoverished syntax of telegraphic language, signs and headlines. Besides providing results that allow us to maintain a stronger view of the separation of morpho-lexical and syntactic phenomena, the study also serves as a general illustration of how empirical methods from corpus analysis and psycholinguistics can be brought to bear on issues of interest to the general theory of language.


Sensory symptoms are sometimes the mode of presentation in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), but motor weakness usually develops during the course of the disease. Cases of GBS-like illness with purely sensory symptoms are rare and difficult to diagnose. During a 13-year period, these authors observed 8 patients with acute sensory neuropathy that met most of the diagnostic criteria for sensory GBS.

All patients experienced a sudden onset of sensory …


Concrete beams strengthened with Hybrid Fiber carbon/glass fiber strengthened polymer (C/GFRP) sheet can not only improve beam ductility, but reduce the cost of the project effectively. It is plays an important engineering application of meaning. In this paper, three concrete beams are strengthened with different fiber (CFRP, C / GFRP and GFRP) in the normal section and a loading failure test. The stress characteristics, failure form, reasonable reinforcement mode, strain condition, bearing capacity, rigidity and deformation capacity of C / GFRP hybrid fiber strengthened beams were studied. The results showed that the flexural load capability and the ductility of the beams strengthened with hybrid C/GFRP are better than that of normal FRP.


The University of California-Davis designed, constructed and demonstrated a test system to determine air-polluting emissions from the open burning of agricultural and forestry wastes. The system consists of a conveyer and fan, contained in a tunnel and hood enclosure, which allow emissions quantification while maintaining known environmental and fuel parameters. Several shakedown runs were conducted, using rice straw as fuel, to evaluate the operability and performance of the system. A final series of demonstration runs, using rice straw fuel, showed the reproducibility of emission measurements. The emission rates for SO2, NOx and particulate matter were comparable to those measured at the University of California-Riverside in a much earlier study. In a subsequent project, the University will use the test system to quantitatively determine emissions from the simulated open burning of a variety of agricultural and forestry waste materials.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of QD or BID 0.02% netarsudil ophthalmic solution (Aerie Pharmaceuticals) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive dogs and to describe any adverse effects.

ANIMALS STUDIED
Normotensive Labrador retriever dogs were included in this study: 10 received netarsudil in one eye and artificial tears in the contralateral eye QD, and 10 received netarsudil in one eye and artificial tears in the contralateral eye BID.

PROCEDURES
Intraocular pressure curves were acquired over a 3-day acclimation period, 5-day dosing period (QD or BID-10 dogs/group), and 3-day recovery period. Toxicity was assessed daily using slit-lamp biomicroscopy and the semiquantitative preclinical ocular toxicology scoring system.

RESULTS
Once-daily dosing did not lower IOP over the entire 5-day dosing period (95% CI 0.1 to -0.9 mm Hg, P = .20) or on the last day of dosing (95% CI 0.4 to -0.9 mm Hg, P = .65). Twice-daily dosing resulted in a statistically significant, but clinically unimportant, IOP reduction over the entire 5-day dosing period (-0.6 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.05 to -1.1 mm Hg, P = .02) and on the last day of dosing (-0.9 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.2 to -1.5 mm Hg, P = .003). Adverse events were limited to transient mild-to-moderate conjunctival hyperemia during the dosing phase in eyes receiving netarsudil vs control (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Netarsudil 0.02% ophthalmic solution twice daily resulted in a small, statistically significant, but clinically unimportant, IOP reduction in normotensive dogs. Future studies should investigate efficacy in glaucomatous dogs.


During the westernization movements in Turkey after it became a republic, music was given the utmost attention and a new understanding of music was developed. This attention gave way to opening new schools and raising new musicians. The clarinet that came into our country with military marching bands at the start of the 19th century, still subsists to this day thanks to the systematic conservatoire education. Today in conservatoires, clarinet players are raised for orchestras and many of them are known in the music world on an international level. Clarinet's strong existance caused for a literature on clarinet to be born. Since the time of the pioneers of western classical music in Turkey, Turkish Five, tens of composers composed around a hundred works for clarinet. With 7 clarinet concerto and many chamber music compositions, Turkish literature on clarinet has an important treasure. In this work, which is a descriptive survey research, firstly contemporary Turkish literature works on clarinet is listed and then how many compositions for clarinet out of all concertos of Turkish composers are used in state concertos is studied. To gather information about the state of contemporary Turkish literature on clarinet, a semi structured interview that has included 2 composers that composed clarinet concertos, 3 clarinet educator working in conservatoires and 6 clarinet player that work in orchestras, has been conducted. In the light of the information that was gathered, it is understood that Turkish literature on clarinet is developing and more effort is needed for the new works in this field to be well known. For this field of literature to develop, orchestras' giving more place to Turkish clarinet concertos is the key. Composers composing more works like solo sonatas and sonatins for clarinet and studies for clarinet that feed on Turkish themes will make up this important shortage in this field.


Additional index words. fungicides, diseases, pesticides, biological control, alternative control, bactericides the largest percentage of growers. Metalaxyl was used in greenhouse and field operations by the highest percentage of growers, primarily to control root diseases but many growers reported using metalaxyl to control foliar disease. Overall, more fungicides were used in the field for foliar diseases, whereas almost equal amounts of fungicides were used for foliar and root diseases in the greenhouse.


Duncan Guthrie Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, United Kingdom [0. 1. F., E. 0., R. J. A.]; Laboratory of Chemoprevention, Building 41, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 [K. c. F.]; and Cancer Research Campaign, Beatson Laboratories, Wolfson Laboratory for Molecular Pathology, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1 BD, United Kingdom [A. B.]


The digital revolution made available vast amounts of data both in industry and in the research landscape. The ability to manipulate and extract knowledge and value from this data represents a new profession called the Data Scientist: expected to be the most visible job in future years. The EDISON project has been established in order to support universities, research centers, industry and research infrastructure organisations to cope with the potential shortfall of Data Scientists, to define the framework of competences as well as the body of knowledge for this profession. In this paper the EDISON team describes how it intends to nurture the profession of Data Scientist to cope with the expected increase in demand. The strategy proposed is based on both the analysis of the demand side (industries, research centers and research infrastructure organisations) and the supply side (Universities and training centers) bridging between the providers and employers by cooperating on the establishment of a Competence Framework and a Body of Knowledge for the Data Scientist Professional. The project will exploit piloting initiatives in cooperation with pioneer universities and also involve external experts as evangelists.