The interaction between inflowing gas clouds and galactic outflows at the interface where the galactic disk transitions into the circumgalactic medium is an important process in galaxy fueling, yet it remains poorly understood. Using a series of tall-box hydrodynamic Enzo simulations, we have studied the interaction between smooth gas inflow and supernovae-driven outflow at the disk–halo interface with parsec-scale resolution. A realistic wind of outflowing material is generated by supernova explosions in the disk, while inflowing gas is injected at the top boundary of the simulation box with an injection velocity ranging from 10 to 100 km s−1. We find that cooling and hydrodynamic instabilities drive the injected gas to fragment into cold (∼103 K) cloud clumps with typical densities of ∼1 cm−3. These clumps initially accelerate before interacting and partially mixing with the outflow and decelerating to velocities in the 50–100 km s−1 range. When the gas clumps hit the disk, 10%–50% of the injected material is able to accrete depending on the injection velocity. Clumps originating from gas injected with a higher initial velocity approach the disk with greater ram pressure, allowing them to penetrate through the disk in low-density regions. We use (equilibrium) Cloudy photoionization models to generate absorption and emission signatures of gas accretion, finding that our mock H i and Hα observables are prominent and generally consistent with measurements in the Milky Way. We do not predict enhanced emission/absorption for higher ionization states such as O vi.


In clinical therapies, micro-bubbles can enhance thrombus formation rate in micro-vessel in order to cure tumour using low frequency ultrasound. However it is difficult to acquire their backscatter char-acters in experiments. By building the models of gas bubbles and shell-encapsulated bubbles, the motion procedures are simulated and derived. This paper analyzes the backscatter characters of the two kinds of bubbles by changing the frequency of the driving acoustic field and the initial equilibrium radius. It is concluded that shell encapsulated bubbles surpass gas bubbles in the aspects of backscatter when the initial equilibrium radius is greater than 2.2μm, and their maximal backscatter pressure and backscatter cross section decrease as the frequency of the driving acoustic field increases. The advantages of shell encapsu-lated bubbles make them more efficient in therapies and imaging using ultrasound. It provides a guide in investigations and applications of bubbles such as ultrasonic contrast agents.


The quality of strawberries cultivated ecologically has been studied and compared to that of conventionally cultivated strawberries. The fruits from the two groups were grown in adjacent plots under identical environmental conditions. The quality parameters analyzed were both physical and chemical. The organoleptic characteristics of both types of fruit have been evaluated by a taste panel. By means of a simulation trial possible differences between changes in the quality of the fruits from each group during transportation and shelf life have been examined. The results show that the ecologically grown fruit had a superior quality to the conventionally grown fruit, the former showing a more intense color, higher sugar, and dry matter contents and better organoleptic characteristics. Ecologically grown fruits had a higher resistance to deterioration during simulated marketing conditions and thus a better degree of conservation. Keywords: Fragaria × ananassa; ecological cultivation; quality; conservation


The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has not only affected people's normal life, but also brought certain impact on logistics. People's demand for agricultural products suddenly increased in a short time, and agricultural products logistics didn't have time to respond. Many new problems have been exposed, because there are many intermediate links in agricultural products logistics, so on the basis of higher logistics cost, it also increases the problem that logistics cannot guarantee timely supply. In addition, the price of agricultural products is low, and the cost of advanced technology is high, so it is impossible to use modern technology to trace the source of agricultural products. During the epidemic period, because the severity of the epidemic varies from place to place, it is particularly important to trace the source of products;at the same time, due to the sudden outbreak of the epidemic, it also brought challenges to emergency logistics, and the response of emergency logistics in various places was slow. However, the epidemic has brought difficulties to logistics and also created opportunities for the development of smart logistics. In order to avoid human contact, information registration systems have been adopted in various places, and unmanned driving, automatic warehousing, automatic distribution and logistics robots have been put into use, which has promoted the sharing of information by smart logistics using the Internet and the intelligentization of logistics operation process.


The chemical industry is as global as they come, but location still matters. An international combination of industrial gases companies was just called off, in part because of disagreement about the location of certain jobs. Meanwhile, a merger of two fertilizer companies is going ahead, eased by the fact that the firms are both Canadian. The gases merger, first revealed last month, was to combine U.S.-based Praxair and Germany's Linde. The new company would have had a global industrial gases market share of about 40% and annual sales of close to $28 billion, making it by far the world's largest gases firm. At the time, outside analysts said obtaining antitrust clearances to create the company would present hurdles. But in the end it was questions about who would do what and where that killed the deal. "While the strategic rationale of a merger has been principally confirmed, discussions about details,


Pathological ocular neovascularization is implicated in several blinding eye diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and wet or exudative age related macular degeneration (AMD). Wet AMD is characterized by choroidal neovascularization, where friable vessels grow under the retina causing distortion of the normally flat macula and loss of central vision. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/Redox effector factor‐1 (APE1/Ref‐1 or Ref‐1) serves dual functions as a DNA repair protein and a redox‐sensitive transcriptional regulator. Key proangiogenic transcription factors such as HIF1α, STAT3 and NFκB are under the regulation of Ref‐1, hence its inhibition is a potential tool in the fight against pathological neovascularization. We investigated whether novel, second generation small molecule Ref‐1 inhibitors, APX2009 and APX2014, can ameliorate pathological ocular neovascularization.


Noble metal nanoparticles exhibit optical excitations known as surface plasmons that produce large enhancement of the local light intensity under external illumination, particularly when the nanoparticles are arranged in closely spaced configurations.1 The interparticle gap distance2 plays a critical role in the generation of hotspots with high electromagnetic fields, and thus such assembled nanoparticles find application to ultrasensitive detection, for example through surface-enhanced Raman scattering3 (SERS) and nonlinear optics, among other feats.4 Controlled assembly using colloidal chemistry is an emerging and promising field for high-yield production of metal nanoparticle clusters with small interparticle gaps.5 However, most of the reported methods rely on the use of nucleic acids or other organic molecules as linking elements,6 which yield long separation distances and thus weak plasmon coupling. Additionally, only simple clusters, such as dimers and trimers, have been efficiently synthesized. Herein, we report the controlled assembly of gold nanospheres into well-defined nanoparticle clusters with large coordination numbers (up to 7) and high symmetry. We further demonstrate ultrasensitive direct and indirect SERS sensing, thus corroborating the outstanding optical performance of these clusters with robust enhancement factors that are over three orders of magnitude higher than those of single particles.


Rob van Tulder is professor of International Business-Society Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University. Van Tulder acted as consultant for various international organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), ministries and companies. He is the coordinator of the research project on "International Business-Society Management", the SCOPE databank project (that compiles the lists of the largest transnational firms in the world together with UNCTAD) and co-founder of the Expert Centre on Sustainable business and development cooperation ( www.ecsad.nl ) that coordinates research on development issues of five business schools in the Netherlands. Van Tulder's latest books include International Business-Society Management: linking corporate responsibility and globalisation (Routledge, 2006: www.ib-sm.org ) and Skill Sheets: an integrated approach to research, study and management (Pearson international, 2007: www.skillsheets.com ).


Aim: To determine the clinical presentation and aetiology of anterior uveitis. Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted among 71patients below 20 years of age, attending the ophthalmology outpatient department of Assam Medical College & Hospital, between June, 2016 to May, 2017. Results: Acute, unilateral, nongranulomatous presentation were more common. Males were predominantly affected. Majority cases were idiopathic followed by HLA B27 associated uveitis, herpetic uveitis, traumatic uveitis. Conclusion: Determination of aetiology of anterior uveitis is one of the most difficult problems in ophthalmology. A thorough history, physical examination and investigations are essential to reach a definite diagnosis.


A three-dimensional finite element method proposed by Zienkiewicz et al (1978) based on linear diffraction theory of waves is used to analyse wave interaction with large vertical submerged cylinders of circular, square, rectangular and elliptical sections having the same area. The results of the investigation are presented in terms of normalized forces, moments about the base of the structure and phase shifts as a function of the scattering parameter for a given submergence ratio. The numerical results are checked for their validity by comparing with the solution of boundary integral method and published experimental results.


A power transmission line wildfire warning method. The method comprises the following steps: (1), geographical basic data of towers is collected; (2), a buffer area of a fire point is divided; (3), a tower nearby the fire point is searched for; (4), a power transmission line where the tower nearby the fire point is located is determined; (5), it is determined whether a channel is unimpeded, and if the channel is not unimpeded, the steps come to an end, and if the channel is unimpeded, the method enters step (6); (6), the distance between the fire point and the power transmission line where the nearby tower is located is calculated; (7), warning information is calculated, and the warning information is issued according to rules D-F. The present method: (1), has a rapid calculation speed and high efficiency; (2), avoids searching for out-of-domain towers; (3), simultaneously performs warning calculations on a plurality of fire points; (4), improves warning accuracy; (5), is more practical, and avoids repeated warnings with regard to a plurality of towers on a same power transmission line.


Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have greatly increased the identification of genetic changes in tumor genomes and allow researchers to deeply investigate the mutational profiles of various cancer types. One type of genomic analysis is whole-exome sequencing, which defines the sequencing of the exome, wellknown as coding regions of the genome. The cancers under the current study are: Human diffuse type Gastric cancer, Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, Non BRCA1/BRCA2 familial breast cancer, High-grade serous ovarian cancer, and Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In the current study we analyzed the whole exome data taken from NCBI SRA, DDBJ SRA databases. Standard protocol was followed for the quality checks of the reads, alignment against reference genome and Variant calling. Several SNVs (Single Nucleotide Variation) were detected and are found to cause damage to the genes. The results showed that several genes which belong to PROTOCADHERIN family, ZINC FINGER PROTEIN family, and also the genes which belong to the TRANSMEMBRANE protein families showed consistent mutations due to SNVs in all the five cancers. C6orf222 gene which belongs to the uncharacterized protein family showed significant mutation at the same substitution place across all five cancers. Few SNVs were found to be novel with respect to dbSNP ID. Further domain analysis and pathway enrichment generated enormous amount of results. META ANALYTICS OF CANCER EXOME database was developed for the analyzed cancer exomes which comprises of the mutational profiles of genes, their domain information and pathways involved. Keywords—NCBI SRA, DDBJ SRA, FASTQC, PICARD, GATK, SIFT, XAMPP, PHP


M. Shahalam1∗, S. D. Pathak2†, M. M. Verma2‡, M. Yu. Khlopov3,4§, R. Myrzakulov5¶ Center For Theoretical Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India National Research Nuclear University "MEPHI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia APC laboratory 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France Department of General and Theoretical Physics, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan


The matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (UVMALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of some synthetic polymers was studied. The results obtained by using nor-harmane, gentisic acid (GA) and other UV-MALDI matrices, in positive and negative ion modes, were compared. Nor-harmane worked as an efficient matrix for the synthetic polymers belonging to the families of polyethylenglycol (PEG), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS) and poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS). This behaviour was quite noticeable in negative ion mode for polar-protic polymers (PEG) and in both ion modes for non-polar polymers (PS). For the latter analysis the addition of Ag + salts was not necessary for the ionization process. The formation of Ag clusters when Ag + salts are used as the cationizing agent is discussed. Because the initiation of the UV-MALDI process is a photochemical reaction (matrix + hν (337 nm) → matrix*), the acid-base character of nor-harmane in the ground and the lower electronic excited singlet state, together with other photophysical properties are briefly discussed. The excellent results obtained in the analysis of commercial synthetic polymers with norharmane allow us to propose these analyte-matrix systems for UV-MALDI-TOF-MS calibration.


The complexity of software domains – such as the financial industry, television and radio broadcasting, hospital management and rental business – is steadily increasing and knowledge management of businesses is becoming more important with the demand for capturing business processes. On the other hand the volatility of software development expertise needs to be reduced. These are symptoms of a very significant tendency towards making knowledge of different kinds explicit: knowledge about the domain or the business, knowledge about developing software, and even meta-knowledge about these kinds of knowledge. Examples of approaches that are directly related to this tendency or could contribute to it are knowledge engineering, ontologies, conceptual modeling, domain analysis and domain engineering, business rules, workflow management and research presented at conferences and journals on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering and Automated Software Engineering, formerly known as Knowledge-Based Software Engineering. Whereas this community already contributed for years to research in knowledge engineering applied to software engineering but also vice versa, this workshop intended to focus on approaches for using explicit knowledge in various ways and in any of the tasks involved in object-oriented programming and software engineering. Another goal of this workshop is to bridge the gap between the aforementioned community and the ECOOP community . On the one hand, this workshop was a platform for researchers interested in the symbiosis of knowledge-based or related methods and technologies with object-oriented programming or software development. On the other hand it welcomed practitioners confronted with the problems in developing knowledge-intensive software and their approach to tackling


SOIL ALGAE IN URBAN ECOSYSTEMS OF THE CITY OF MARIUPOL  Abstract. In the present time, a special attention is paid, worldwide, to the investigation of the biodiversity in ecosystems, as a important characteristic of the ecological investigations. The processes of urbanization of natural landscapes have caused some changes of biological factor of the soil formation and also of the formation of artificial ecological systems. The algae are an indispensable part of ecosystems, performing an important regulatory function in them. So aim of the research was to determine the systematic, environmental features, species composition of algae communities of soil in the city Mariupol (Donetsk region). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Results of use algal groups for monitoring soils of urbanized ecosystem are described. Problems of algae participation in maintenance of surface ecosystems stability under anthropogenic pressure on the environment have been discussed. Species composition and indication properties of soil algae as biological pollution indicators of the protected of the urbanized soils have been studied. The results of researches of various soil algal flora of arboreal plantations and lawns of the Mariupol industrial city are resulted. Conclusions about the influence of various kinds of anthropogenic effect upon of species diversity algae are given. Specific lines of algal groups of arboreal plantations and lawns of urban ecosystems are shown. The variety of the soil algae species has been investigated. Systematic structure at the level of orders, families, genera correlation of algae soil, life-forms are considered. The green and blue-green algae were found to be prevail, it was proved that they are the basis of dominate species complex. The greatest quantity of kinds of seaweed is allocated in zonal soils. The leading position in all investigated groups take representatives of Chlorophyta, except of the steppe phytocenoses, where the most various is the section of Cyanophyta. The increasing of species diversity of Xanthophyta is observed in the soils of background parts of man-planted forest phytocenoses. They are traditionally considered to be the index of purity of soil. Low species diversity of algoflora is a peculiarity of the city soils. Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta prevail, one-cell Xanthophyta are poor developed. A checklist of soil algal flora of the city of Mariupol is includes 78 species from five divisions: Chlorophyta – 32 (41,0 %), Cyanophyta – 25 (32,1 %), Xanthophyta – 9 (11,5 %), Bacillariophyta – 8 (10,3 %), Eustigmatophyta – 4 (5,1 %). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Including arboreal plantations 68 species: Chlorophyta – 27 (39,7 %), Cyanophyta – 20 (29,4 %), Xanthophyta – 12 (17,7 %), Bacillariophyta – 6 (8,8 %), Eustigmatophyta – 3 (4,4 %); in lawns 49 species – 23 (46,9 %), – 13 (26,5 %), – 4 (8,2 %), – 7 (14,3 %), – 2 (4,1 %) accordingly.


This study investigates the electrocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green dye using different nanocatalysts coated on stainless steel mesh. Nanocrystalline Zn0.5Co2.5O4/N-doped rGO composite was prepared via hydrothermal method. The phase purity, morphological and structural features were assessed using characterization techniques namely XRD and TEM analysis. Catalyst coated stainless steel electrode were employed for the electrocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye in 10mM NaCl electrolyte with application of potential and a current of 20V and 20mA respectively. The effect of NaCl electrolyte on the degradation rate have been studied. The decrease in the intensity of dye color was monitored by UV Visible spectrometer at different intervals of time. Malachite Green dye was completely degraded using these electrodes at 60 minutes. At 15 and 30 minutes, Zn0.5Co2.5O4/N-doped rGO composite coated stainless steel electrode showed higher rate over the uncoated stainless steel electrode. The products formed after electrocatalytic degradation were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). The effect of the catalyst on the degradation rate was monitored and studied. The results were promising as the catalyst coated stainless steel electrode took less time compared to uncoated stainless steel electrode for the degradation of Malachite Green dye. The catalyst coated on the stainless steel mesh provides high surface area and better contact between catalysts and dye molecules with high electrochemical activity. This widens its applications for remediation of various textile effluents.


In modern four-stroke automobile engine technology, variable valve timing and lift control offer potential benefits for making a high performance engine. Variable valve lift (VVL) system for automotive engines is one of the key technologies to attain improvement of fuel economy, power output and reduction of emission. This paper describes an analytical simulation model of the VVL system. The VVL mechanism with a polynomial cam profile is designed to have maximum lift that is greater than the lift of the conventional mechanism. A dynamic model of VVL mechanism with three degrees of freedom is presented. The N42-BMW cylinder head with Valvetronic VVL of internal combustion engine was used in the test set-up. The motored cylinder head test data focuses on VVL system response and evaluation of the developed VVL mechanism. The performance results of a VVL for an overhead camshaft were investigated on the basis of theoretical simulation and experimental data to verify the validity of the VVL system in the test rig.


Looking for an accurate and cost-effective solution to measure feed inventories, forecast the feed demand and allow feed suppliers to optimize inventories, production batches, and delivery routes.


The calanoid copepods Eudiaptomus gracilis and Eudiaptomus graciloides are widespread among European lakes. We constructed enriched genomic libraries for both species in order to isolate and characterise microsatellite markers. The obtained 7 polymorphic microsatellite-loci for E. gracilis and 3 for E. graciloides are the first for any freshwater copepod. They display an expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.60 to 0.96 and 0.63 to 0.94 and observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.53 to 0.87 and 0.57 to 0.87, respectively. We were not able to cross-amplify the isolated loci across species, indicating long divergence among both congeneric species despite morphological similarity.


Previous studies have indicated that an increased inflammatory response plays an important role in preeclampsia (PE), and rising levels of interleukin (IL)‐22 can trigger inflammation and hyperproliferation, leading to increased production of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐8. We aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms of IL‐22 and IL‐22 receptor alpha 1 gene (IL‐22RA1) and PE in Chinese Han population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2227485 in IL‐22 and rs3795299 in IL‐22RA were genotyped by Taqman real‐time PCR in 1071 PE patients and 1263 control subjects. Differences in genetic distribution were compared between two groups using the chi‐square test. Significant differences were observed in genotypic and allelic frequencies of IL‐22RA1 rs3795299 between healthy controls and PE patients (P < 0.001 by genotype; P = 0.001, odds ratio = 1.253, 95% confidence interval 1.103‐1.424 by allele). There were also significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs3795299 between late‐onset/mild PE and control groups. In addition, we found obvious statistic difference for the allele of early‐onset PE/the genotype of late‐onset PE and control subgroups for IL‐22 rs2227485. IL‐22 rs2227485 and IL‐22RA1 rs3795299 may be associated with the development of PE in Chinese Han population. However, further validation is required in other populations, as well as an evaluation of the association of other SNPs in IL‐22 and IL‐22RA1 with PE.


Ultrasonic transducer array collected leak ultrasonic signals were used,chip TMS320f2812 was adopted as the instrument signal processing chip and LabVIEW programming analysis software.This paper developed a hand-held aircraft gas system leak detector and leak analysis software,which constitute detection system.The system has real-time detection and post analysis function,real-time detection and forecast of gas leakage trend can be achieved,simultaneously achieve air tightness testing of intelligent demand.


Structural degradations are often experienced on the components of nuclear power plants in reactor pressure vessels (RPV) and steam generators (SG) when these components are exposed to high temperature and high pressure for a long period of time. Such conditions result in the change of microstructures and of mechanical properties of materials, which requires an evaluation of the safeguards related to structural integrity. In a primary reactor cooling system (RCS), a dissimilar weld zone exists between cast stainless steel (CF8M) in a pipe and low-alloy steel (SA508 cl.3) in a nozzle. Thermal aging is observed in CF8M as the RCS is exposed for a long period of time under the operating temperature between 290 and 330℃. Under the same conditions, it is well known that degradation is not observed in low alloy steel. An investigation of the effect of thermal aging on the various mechanical properties of the dissimilar weld zone is required. The purpose of the present investigation is to find the effect of thermal aging on the dissimilar weld zone. The specimens are prepared by an artificially accelerated aging technique maintained for various times at 430℃, respectively. Then, The various mechanical test for the dissimilar welds are performed.


The paper shows how tax rate cuts can increase revenues by improving tax compliance. The intuition is that tax evasion has externalities: tax evaders protect each other, because they tie down limited enforcement capacity. Thus, relatively small tax rate cuts, which decrease incentives to evade taxes, can lead to increased revenues through spillovers - creating Laffer effects. Interestingly, tax rate cuts here imply increasing effective taxes. The model is consistent with what happened in Russia, and may provide basis for further thinking about tax rate cuts in other countries.


The objective of this paper is to present a new methodology for selecting of marketing strategy by integration of Linear Goal Programming model and Fuzzy VIKOR. LGP method is used to determine the fuzzy weights of criteria and Fuzzy VIKOR aims to rank strategies. We apply the integrated approach in real case to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. [Ali Mohaghar, Mohammad Reza Fathi, Ali Sasani and Ehsan Khanmohammadi. Integration of Linear Goal Programming and Fuzzy VIKOR Method for Marketing Strategy Selection: A Case Study. J Am Sci 2012;8(6):827-834]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 106


Effects of electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic pressor area (central gray stratum and adjacent portions) on renin release were studied in the chloralosed dogs.Renin release was measured by simultaneous collection of arterial and venous blood samples taken by the catheter introduced into renal vein under fluoroscopy.Mesencephalic stimulation provoked marked increase in renin release. Dorsal portion of mesencephalic pressor area is more effective than ventral portion in inducing renin release.


A [TiCl 2 (salen)] complex and its derivatives with the formula [TiCl 2 (L)] [L = salen(tBu), salen(di-Me), salen-(di-tBu), salen(Me)] were synthesized in high yield by reacting the Schiff-base ligands with TiCl 4 . [TiCl 2 (salen(tBu))]] and [TiCl 2 [salen(di-tBu)}] have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Styrene polymerizations carried out with [TiCl 2 (salen)] and its derivatives co-catalyzed by MAO yielded syndiotactic polystyrenes. The catalytic activity and syndiospecificity were dependent on the bulkiness of the ortho substituents in the aryl ring of ligand.


Owing to the many merits of the frequency conversion and speed regulation technique, it has been widely used in the more and more fields.The developing trend of this technique in the world is expounded.The optimum matching problem of the frequency control system and the induction motor is analyzed.Through the analysis,a scheme of resolving the problem from the driving power and the motor structure design is proposed,which provides a good method for the design of the motor with frequency conversion and for the improvement of the overall perfor- mance of the frequency control system.


The thermal treatment plays a key role in the growth and annealing process of nano-thin films. In this article, computer simulation is used to study this process at atomic-level. It has been shown that the relationship of the potential barrier of moving condense atom and thermal noise will determine the moving direction of this atom and structure of thin films at the end. The thermal treatment methods to get high quality of thin films have been recommended by the results of this study.


The discovery of more than 500 exoplanets during the past 15 years has enabled us to characterize the upper atmosphere structure of some exosolar gas giants and to compare observational and modelling results to the known planets in the Solar System. It is of great interest to understand if these exosolar "Hot Jupiters" share similar physical processes compared to the giant planets (Jupiter and Saturn) in the Solar System with regard to their magnetic dynamos and the corresponding expected magnetic field strengths. In this work we discuss how observations of stellar Lyman-a absorption by so-called Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) around transiting exoplanets together with theoretical modelling efforts can be used as a tool for estimating magnetic obstacle sizes and the corresponding magnetic field strength. For demonstrating this method we model the production of stellar wind related planetary hydrogen and ENA populations around the exosolar gas giant HD 209458b and show how a detailed analysis of attenuation spectra obtained during transits can be used for the estimation of the planet's magnetic obstacle size and hence its dynamo field strength. Our study indicates that the magnetic field strength of HD 209458b which is able to balance the stellar wind plasma flow by a magnetic obstacle around the planet which can explain the observed Lyman-a line profiles observed before and during the transits by HST corresponds to a magnetic dipole moment which is ~40 % of Jupiters value.


The expanding toolkit of structural biology, with further advances in the technologies associated with cryoEM, synchrotrons and XFELs, and the ease of their use, should continue to enable the wider community to address more complicated and demanding scientific questions, ensuring the 'pole position' of structural biology.


The pyrrolyl substituent enhances the electron densities on the pyridazine ring and has the effect of shifting the positions of the tautomeric equilibria for 1c,d 2c,d, which exist predominantly as the pyridazin-3-one and -3-thione forms, towards the hydroxyl (thiol) structures, compared with those of those for the parent unsubstituted systems.


Finger patients can`t use their hands because of the paralysis their fingers. Their fingers are recovered by rehabilitating training, and the rehabilitating extent can be judged by measuring the pressing force to be contacted with two fingers(thumb and first finger, thumb and middle finger, thumb and ring finger, thumb and little finger). At present, most hospitals have used a thin plastic-plate for measuring the two-finger grasping force, and we can only judge that they can grasp the plate with their two-finger through it, because the plate can`t measure the two-finger grasping force. But, recently, the force measuring system for measuring two-finger grasping force was developed using three-axis force sensor, but it is very expensive, because it has a three-axis force sensor. In this paper, two-finger force measuring system with a one-axis force sensor which can measure two-finger grasping force was developed. The one-axis force sensor was designed and fabricated, and the force measuring device was designed and manufactured using DSP(Digital Signal Processing). Also, the grasping force test of men was performed using the developed two-finger force measuring system, it was confirmed that the grasping forces of men were different according to grasping methods, and the system can be used for measuring two-finger grasping force.


A high entropy spinel oxide (Cr0.2Mn0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2)3O4 is successfully synthesized via solvothermal method, and its electrocatalytic properties for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are evaluated. The catalyst exhibits low overpotential of 295...


We have developed a software package called PROFILE for designing millimetre- andsubmillimetre-wave optical systems. The software is based on the principles of multimodeGaussian optics. It is run in an interactive mode, where one simply moves forwards orbackwards through an optical system adding in components as the occur. At any stage, it ispossible to inspect the basic parameters of the beam, look at the power distribution across anycut, or store the beam away for future use. Simple Gaussians, corrugated horns, Potter horns,diagonal horns, conical horns, or previously saved images can be used to illuminate a systemcomprising free-space paths, thin lenses, dielectric slabs with curved surfaces, ellipsoidalmirrors, and truncating apertures. When placing an aperture, the software first works outthe amount of loss that will be incurred if the aperture is put in place; the user is then giventhe option of using the component or not. If the aperture is placed, the new beam will diffractaway from the aperture towards the next component. In the case of an ellipsoidal mirror, allof the parameters required to manufacture the mirror are calculated. During a session, a logfile is kept, which at the end becomes a complete record of the system being studied.


Framework-isomeric three-dimensional (3D) Cd-Ln heterometallic metal-organic frameworks (HMOFs), {[Ln2 (ODA)6 Cd3 (H2 O)6 ]⋅6 H2 O}n (Ln=Gd (1 a) and Tb (1 b), ODA=oxydiacetic acid) and {[Cd(H2 O)6 ]⋅[Ln2 (ODA)6 Cd2 ]⋅H2 O}n (Ln=Gd (2 a), Tb (2 b)), with neutral and anionic pores, respectively, were designed based on a lanthanide metalloligand strategy and synthesized by using a stepwise assembly and a hydrothermal method. Luminescence studies revealed that 1 b and 2 b can act as luminescent metal-organic frameworks and their light-emitting properties can be modulated by small guest molecules and the manganese counterion, respectively.


Abstract : Ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence and light scattering are two analytical methods commonly used in instrumentation for online measurement of oils in water. UV fluorescence-based instruments detect both dissolved and emulsified aromatic constituents of oils. Light-scattering-based sensors measure optical scattering induced by emulsified oil droplets. A major technical challenge for each of these methods is to maintain quantitative accuracy in the presence of chemical and physical interferences, including fluorescent organic compounds (e.g., detergents and natural organic matter), suspended solid particles, dissolved salts, etc. To address this issue, we have been developing a new monitoring system that simultaneously combines both UV fluorescence and light scattering spectroscopy. Four major types of oils (lube oil 2190 and 9250, diesel fuel marine, and WS), each of which had a dozen subtypes of oil samples, were examined to obtain the intensity of both fluorescence and scattering as a function of oil, detergent (Mil-D and Tide), and seawater concentrations. Both fluorescence and light scattering intensities varied significantly with oil types and subtypes. Both Mil-D and Tide greatly influenced the fluorescence and scattering of oil samples. The tremendous variations in fluorescence and scattering intensity with oil types and subtypes, detergents, and seawater make it difficult to calibrate the analytical instrument using traditional methods; hence we have implemented a multi variate, nonlinear calibration of instrumental response through an artificial neural network. We have demonstrated that the simultaneous, combined use of fluorescence and scattering data significantly improves quantitative prediction accuracy. The newly developed technique permits the online monitoring of oil spills, the accurate determination of oil concentrations in wastewater discharged from ships and the oil refinery industry, and oil detection in oil drilling fields.


.— The effects of phytic acid on growth, protein efficiency, feed conversion, and carcass composition of mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala fry (2.5–3.5 cm) reared indoors at 18–22 C in 70-L flow-through (1-1.5 L/min) circular tanks were examined. Fish were fed isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.32 kcal/g) purified test diets in the form of moist cake containing different levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%) of phytic acid (dodecasodiurn salt) at a rate of 4% body weight twice daily (0800 and 1600 h). The highest weight gain (94.87%). specific growth rate (133%). protein efficiency ratio (2.02), and best feed conversion ratio (1.21) were observed in fish fed the control diet containing no phytic acid. Live weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly reduced by dietary phytic acid inclusion above 1%. Dietary inclusion of phytic acid markedly influenced the carcass composition of the fish. Whole body crude protein and fat content declined significantly (P < 0.05) in fish fed diets containing phytic acid, while percentage of moisture and ash in these fish was significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher than fish in control diets.


The Rikala cremation cemetery under level ground was partly excavated in the 1970s and dated on the basis of a few fi nds to the Merovingian Period (AD 550/600–800). This paper presents a renewed investigation of the cemetery material. In addition, it was possible to carry out an osteological analysis of the bone material. The analysis shows that most of the burnt bones belonged to animals while the number of human bones was limited. The identifi ed species include sheep (sheep/goat), dog and bear. One bone of cattle was also identifi ed. Three radiocarbon dates indicate a much older and longer use of the cemetery area than previously suggested. This leads to a discussion on the interpretation of the site at Rikala and on general diffi culties in our understanding of cremation cemeteries under level ground.


To meet the need of the automation and intelligence of welding process, it's very important to extract the edge of weld seam accurately for seam tracking. According to the characteristics of GMAW (gas metal arc welding), an image sensing system of weld pool region based on CCD (Charge-coupled Device) is established. An improved method of weld seam extraction is presented. Firstly, weld pool region localization method using saliency detection is proposed, and weld seam region is obtained from the right edge of weld pool, then Sobel transformation and computation model is used to extract the edge of weld seam. Experimental results show that our method can obtain a more accurate weld seam edge and cost less than other method.


We review and give an update on the current status of what causes transverse single-spin asymme- tries (TSSAs) in semi-inclusive processes where a single hadron is detected in the final state, especially those involving proton-proton (pp) collisions. In particular, we provide a new analysis within collinear factorization of TSSAs in high transverse momentum charged and neutral pion production in ppcollisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This study incorporates the so-called twist-3 fragmentation term and shows that one can describe RHIC data through this mechanism. Moreover, by fixing other non-perturbative inputs through extractions of transverse momentum dependent functions in e + e − → h1h2X and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS), we provide for the first time a consistency between certain spin/azimuthal asymmetries in all three reactions (i.e., pp, e + e − , and SIDIS).


Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic syndrome diseases with hyperglycemia characteristics that occur due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. About 50% of Type-2 DM patients experiencing undiagnosed depression is quite concerning because it will hinder DM management and allow negative thoughts to arise so it is important to activate gratitude through five-finger hypnotherapy.   The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of five-finger hypnotherapy through gratitude in controlling blood sugar levels of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.   This type of research uses quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design model. The sample was divided into two, namely the intervention group of 23 people was given five-finger hypnotherapy therapy treatment with gratitude and the control group of 22 people was only given five-finger hypnotherapy therapy treatment taken with purposive sampling techniques.  Bivariate analysis using Wilconxon test and Mann-Whitney test.   As a result, there was a difference in pre-test and post-test blood sugar levels where the p-value of the Wilcoxon test in the intervention group was 0.022 and the control group was 0.008.   In conclusion, the effectiveness of five-finger hypnotherapy through gratitude in controlling blood sugar levels was a decrease in KGD 27.31 mg / dl in the intervention group and an addition of KGD 19.14 mg / dl in the control group.


Abstract purpose discuss the rule of the treatment of Ascendant Hyperactivity of Liver Yang and hypertension,to seach the method for hypertension treatment.Method: Systematically review of past dynasties and modem bibliography and study the laws of prevention and treatment in each epoch from the history of the name,the causes and the mechanism of the disease,the formula and medicine of prevention and treatment. Result: acient doctors treat this syndrom mainly with reinforcement methodswhile modem doctors treat if mainy with compass the liver yang.Conclusion: Ascendant Hyperactivityof Liver Yang maily due to deficiency,but during the treatment,the acient pay attention toreinforcement while the modem pay attention to compass the wind and relive the heat.


This article explores the vital importance of the sensory at the nexus of the artificial and real life. Co‐existing within colonial histories, the artificial and lived are bound up with intractable violence and inequities driven by capitalist, militarist, and anthropocentric trajectories. Our collaborative article examines the 30‐year practice of the non‐binary, Gamilaraay/Wailwan/Biripi artist r e a. As we contend, r e a's experimental media arts practice pivots on sensory and affective truth‐telling of the "artificial". Their work is a re‐Indigenization of country, body, and experience, specifically because digital art represents an "unoccupied space" for counter‐historical transformation.


Increased small business creation represents a promising opportunity for new economic growth within Bangladesh, a developing economy currently dominated by agriculture and export manufacturing. While past research has looked into traits important for entrepreneurship, there are many gaps in the literature for Bangladesh specifically. Further, the limited research that is available has focused primarily on quantitative metrics, and largely overlooked perceptions towards entrepreneurship, despite the impact these attitudes can have on entrepreneurial activity. In this study, we aimed to better understand subjective perceptions of entrepreneurship for young adults (aged 18-40) in Bangladesh. We used focus groups and surveys with current and aspiring entrepreneurs to better understand self-identified needs for increased business creation. Results from these efforts were then used to construct statements used for a Q sort, which was completed by 27 current and aspiring entrepreneurs. Analysis of these Q sorts identified four distinct profiles (factors) representing different viewpoints young adults have towards entrepreneurship in their local communities. Results from the Q analysis provide further insights on young adult entrepreneurs' views and how to better assist these entrepreneurs for future economic growth.


We address the possibility of being able to induce the trafficking of salt ions and other solutes across cell membranes without the use of specific protein-based transporters or pumps. On the basis of realistic atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that transmembrane ionic leakage can be initiated by chemical means, in this instance through addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a solvent widely used in cell biology. Our results provide compelling evidence that the small amphiphilic solute DMSO is able to induce transient defects (water pores) in membranes and to promote a subsequent diffusive pore-mediated transport of salt ions. The findings are consistent with available experimental data and offer a molecular-level explanation for the experimentally observed activities of DMSO solvent as an efficient penetration enhancer and a cryoprotectant, as well as an analgesic. Our findings suggest that transient pore formation by chemical means could emerge as an important general principle for therapeutics.


The present invention discloses a suspension spring device having at least two suspension coil springs arranged in series between a vehicle body and wheels, the same interconnected through a spring adjusting cylinder disposed movably up and down relative to the body, and a lock device disposed on the body for restraining the upward and downward movements of the spring retaining cylinder.


The technique of multistage emulsion polymerization is used to synthetize the PBA/PS/PMMA latex interpenetrating polymer networks and the gravimetric analysis is used to study the apparent kinetics of the reaction process and to investigate the influence of the concentration of the initially emulsifying agent, the initiator, and the extent of the crosslinking on the distribution of the particle diameter and the dynamic mechanical properties of the products


To understand the effect of management achievement of listed corporations on momentum effect,this paper firstly decomposes stock return into intrinsic return that comes from management achievement of listed corporations and market-trading return coming from market-trading activities.Then the momentum portfolios are formed based on three types of stock return.The empirical results indicate that the cross-sectional management achievement difference of listed corporations of momentum portfolios is the necessary condition of momentum and contrarian effect,the under-and over-reaction of market-trading return to management achievement stimulates the appearances of momentum and contrarian effect.


Carbon markets are developing around the world. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) started in 2005. Carbon credits from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the Joint Implementation (JI) are accepted for compliance into the EU ETS. Besides the EU ETS, national or sub-national systems are already operating in Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the United States, and are planned in Canada, China, South Korea and Switzerland. Links between carbon markets may develop. For example, within the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), new market mechanisms have been discussed to have Non-Annex I countries involved in a global carbon market beyond the CDM. Economic analysis is needed to anticipate what to expect from such interactions. Macroeconomic studies using computable general equilibrium models have been done to assess the long-term impacts of such interactions, for example Hamdi-Cherif et al (2010) or Gavard et al (2011a, 2011b). More analysis is needed to examine short-term interactions between carbon markets. The purpose of the paper is to enlighten the short-term interactions between different carbon markets given the potential financial nature of carbon permits and to examine whether the flexibility in the market for international carbon credits has some impact on the national carbon markets. To do so, we take advantage of the coexistence of different kinds of permits in the phase II of the EU ETS: the European Union Allowance (EUA) and the Certified Emission Reductions (CER) issued under the Clean Development Mechanism. While the volume of EUA in the market is function of the cap that is set at the European level (supply by issuance of allowances) and the demand by installations that have to cover their emissions, the volume of CER available is actually flexible: CDM projects are constantly developed, including by companies that are covered by the European carbon market. Hence, CER and EUA are not perfect substitutes even if installations covered by the EU ETS can use some CER to cover part of their emissions (the EU ETS is the main source of demand for CER). We first build a model that combines the fundamental dynamics of carbon price and its potential financial nature. Using time series analysis, we estimate it on EUA and CER prices to determine the dominant factors. In particular, we examine to what extent carbon price is influenced by its own volatility, as would be the case for a financial asset. We then look at the short term interactions between EUA and CER price series.


The catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of hydrocarbons to synthesis gas, alkenes and oxygenates is an attractive route for the production of valuable chemicals. The formation of synthesis gas via methane CPO on Rh and the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethene on Pt have economic advantages in comparison to steam reforming. The challenge in performing CPO is to avoid the thermodynamically favored total oxidation. Factors influencing the selectivity and mechanistic detail are thus of great interest. CPO reactions are insufficiently described by surface reaction steps only; they may proceed via heterogeneous-homogeneous mechanisms, with coupling of surface and gas phase reactions by exchange of energy and reactive species. Radicals have been postulated as key intermediates [1]. Our goal is to identify reactive species in the catalyst-gas phase boundary layer. In order to sample and detect reactive species near the catalyst surface we have developed a novel type of Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometer (MBMS). Heterogeneous catalytic oxidations are performed under atmospheric pressure in a catalytic wall reactor (Rhdoped Pt tube, 4.4 mm ID), which is placed in a high vacuum chamber. The molecules in the surface-gas phase boundary are continuously sampled through a small orifice (100 μm) in the reactor wall. Adiabatic expansion into the vacuum generates a supersonic beam, and reactive species like radicals can be quenched. A quadrupole MS (millisecond timescale) allows identifying the molecular beam constituents arising from the reaction zone by their mass numbers and their ionizationand appearance potentials. Methane CPO experiments reveal formation of ethane, consistent with coupling of methyl fragments. Variation of the flow conditions shifts the reaction zone along the reactor such that axial profiles can be obtained. Results obtained with a model gas mixture (CO/N2) let us expect that ppm concentrations of radicals can be detected and discriminated from interfering ions of the same mass.


We investigated the mechanism and application of photoresist ashing by means of atmospheric pressure glow (APG) plasma. APG plasma using a mixture gas of He and O2 could ash the photoresist with a rate of about 1μm•min-1, which was roughly the same value as that of O2 plasma ashing at a low pressure. The dependences of etch-rate on O2 gas flow rate, discharge power and substrate temperature suggested that the APG plasma ashing process was mainly the oxidation of the photoresist by oxygen radicals. The XPS and optical emission spectroscopy suggested that excited helium promoted the desorption of oxides on the surface of the photoresist. To reduce cost, we tried to use Ar, acetone (Ac) and O2 mixture gas instead of He and O2 mixture gas. Ar/Ac/O2 plasma could etch the photoresist as fast as He /O2 plasma, although the O2 content was one sixth of that of He/O2 plasma. Minute area ashing using a pray type discharge tube was also investigated. Its ashing rate was the fastest, about 4.0μm•min-1, when Ar/O2 mixture gas was used.


The article states that city sunken square play an important role in the development of Urban Railway Transit,including the comfort、Security which its taking to us and how to linking up the relationship in the surrounding business exploitation. and further study its reasonable and effective developing pattern,that makes it play an activity in the large-scale urban planning of sunken space.


Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by complete or partial obstruction of the airway during sleep resulting in pauses in breathing (apneas) along with loud snoring, and frequent arousals from sleep. In addition to suffering from fragmented sleep and excessive daytime drowsiness, patients with OSAHS are at risk of serious ophthalmic complications including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION), idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and floppy eyelid syndrome. Effectively treating OSAHS can minimize long-term ocular complications. The authors review the common ocular complications associated with OSAHS and emphasize the need for early screening.


Every computational fluid dynamics engineer deals with a never ending story – limitedcomputer resources. In computational fluid dynamics there is practically never enoughcomputer power. Limited com ...


To further improve and individualize curative treatment approaches for patients with AML, novel proteins and protein functions need to be discovered. In particular, the mechanisms responsible for chemotherapy resistance appear essential to unravel. Clinical proteomics may help to provide such information. We have used a chip-based technique, surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SELDI-MS), to compare protein expression profiles in AML. With this technique proteins in the molecular weight area of 2–40 kDa can be spotted. For selected samples, a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) method was employed, allowing detection of proteins between 15–120kDa. In the first part of the study, mononuclear peripheral blood cells were obtained from 8 AML patients clinically sensitive to and 7 patients clinically resistant to doxorubicin-containing induction chemotherapy. The clinical outcome correlated to results from parallel in vitro drug testing using the FMCA method. In addition, two variants of the human leukemic cell line CEM, one sensitive and one resistant to teniposide (CEM/VMI), were analysed. In the second part of the study, global proteomic profiles from 24 selected AML patients with good vs. poor clinical outcome (remission duration) were investigated. A total of 812 proteins were detected in the mononuclear cells obtained from the 15 doxorubicin-treated patients. Twenty of these proteins were distinguished as different between the sensitive vs. resistant patient groups. Assessing the CEM cell lines by utilizing four different affinity surfaces on ProteinChip™ arrays, approximately 450 peptides and proteins were detected. Between 29 and up to 65 proteins were detected as differentially expressed between the sensitive and the resistant CEM variants. Using the 2DE technology, approximately 1000 spots were matched on the CEM cell lines, with 47 clear expression level differences between the sub cell lines. In clustering analysis using the protein profile data we could demonstrate clear clustering of sensitive and resistant patient and cell line cells according to sensitivity measurements (IC50). Using these methods we have selected a panel of putative resistance related proteins, which are currently being identified and validated. Data from the second phase of the study, derived from 24 selected AML cell populations, are presently being analyzed. In conclusion, significant differences in protein profile expression were observed between cells obtained from AML patients with clinically divergent treatment responses. Further studies aim at identifying key proteins and protein functions to allow for improved therapeutic efficacy.


This paper first briefly introduces the concept of self-assessment,and then analyzes the existing problems in college English grammar teaching for non-English major students.Through teaching practice,this paper concludes that the application of self-assessment is an effective way of improving teaching effect and developing learners' self-determination.


Nucleosome DNA unwrapping and its disassembly into hexasomes and tetrasomes is necessary for genomic access and plays an important role in transcription regulation. Previous single-molecule mechanical nucleosome unwrapping revealed a low- and a high-force transitions, and force-FRET pulling experiments showed that DNA unwrapping is asymmetrical occurring always first from one side before the other. However, the assignment of DNA segments involved in these transitions remains controversial. Here, using high-resolution optical tweezers with simultaneous single-molecule FRET detection we show that the low-force transition corresponds to the undoing of the outer-wrap of one side of the nucleosome (~27 bp), a process that can occur either cooperatively or non-cooperatively, whereas the high-force transition corresponds to the simultaneous unwrapping of ~76 bp from both sides. This process may give rise stochastically to the disassembly of nucleosomes into hexasomes and tetrasomes whose unwrapping/rewrapping trajectories we establish. In contrast, nucleosome rewrapping does not exhibit asymmetry. To rationalize all previous nucleosome unwrapping experiments, it is necessary to invoke that mechanical unwrapping involves two nucleosome reorientations: one that contributes to the change in extension at the low-force transition, and another that coincides but does not contribute to the high-force transition. Significance statement Nucleosomes, the fundamental structural unit of chromatin, consists of ~147 DNA base pairs wrapped around a histone protein octamer. Determining the forces required to unwrap the DNA from the core particle and the stepwise transitions involved in the process are essential to characterize the strength of the nucleosomal barrier and its contribution as a mechanism of control of gene expression. Here, we performed combined optical tweezers and single-molecule fluorescence measurements to annotate the specific DNA segments unwrapping during the force transitions observed in mechanical unwrapping of nucleosomes. Furthermore, we characterize the mechanical signatures of subnucleosomal particles: hexasomes and tetrasomes. The characterization performed in this work is essential for the interpretation of ongoing studies of chromatin remodelers, polymerases, and histone chaperones.


Dinuclear [(TPyA)FeII(THBQ(2-))FeII(TPyA)](BF4)2 (1) possesses hydrogen bonding interactions that form a 1-D chain, and pi-pi interactions between the 1-D chains that give rise to a 2-D supramolecular-layered structure, inducing hysteresis in the spin crossover behavior; 1 has shown spin crossover behavior around 250 K with thermal hysteresis and ferromagnetic interactions at low temperature.


A facile hydrothermal route was employed to synthesize porous thin sheet-based α-Fe2O3-doped In2O3 structures including nanosheets and microflowers without any surfactant and template. The morphologies of the porous thin sheet-based α-Fe2O3-doped In2O3 structures consisted of many porous thin sheets with lengths of 80–100 nm and widths of 5–10 nm, while the pores in the sheets were 2–10 nm, and the amount of α-Fe2O3-doping significantly affected the overall morphology. The characterization of the porous thin sheet-based α-Fe2O3-doped In2O3 structures was obtained using nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms at 77 K. The results showed that the porous thin sheet-based α-Fe2O3-doped In2O3 structures (S4) adsorbed the largest amount of N2 and had the biggest surface area, which contributed to the improvement of the gas sensing characteristics. Furthermore, the gas sensing characteristics of the obtained products were studied. The results demonstrated that the sensors based on α-Fe2O3-doped In2O3 structures exhibited a much higher response to Cl2 than those without α-Fe2O3 (S1), and the In/Fe = 9 : 1 (molar ratio) showed the highest response. The sensor based on porous thin sheet-based α-Fe2O3-doped In2O3 structures (S4) exhibited a high response, up to 48.2 ± 4.8 to 5 ppm Cl2, quick response–recovery behavior and excellent stability, which implies good potential for practical applications. Finally, the gas sensing mechanism was also studied.


What does being an entrepreneurial university mean? The University of Novi Sad in Serbia is taken as an example of how one University in a transition country, which was lacking tradition in entrepreneurial practices, is striving to become an entrepreneurial university. Examples of new practices are also described such as the establishment of a university incubator, introduction of a course in entrepreneurship offered to all students, diversification of income sources, development of institutional links and strategies for the closer flow of ideas, information, and research results between the University and its stakeholders.


Surfaces of constant mean curvature (\(H = const.\)) contain two large classes of surfaces - minimal surfaces (\(H=0\)) and cmc-surfaces or surfaces of constant mean curvature (\(H = const. \neq 0\)). In euclidean geometry, they include, for example, helicoid and catenoid as minimal surfaces and the sphere and Delaunay surfaces as cmc-surfaces. The aim of this master's thesis is to analyse analogue surfaces in the Minkowski space, a space whose metric isn't positively definite, but is generally non-degenerate (a pseudo-Riemannian space).


THE Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) would like to make veterinary surgeons aware of a change to the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) for Kexxtone 32.4 g continuous-release intraruminal device for cattle (monensin) (Eli Lilly) regarding toxicity in non-target species.

In 2015 the VMD received an increased number of reports involving dogs following accidental Kexxtone exposure. Some of the signs …


Molecular methods have become increasingly applicable to the epidemiologic analysis of infectious disease outbreaks. Although traditional methods to characterize epidemic strains have relied on the measurement of phenotypes, such as antibiotic resistance, phage typing, or serotyping, the newer molecular methods directly examine the genotype or DNA of a specific pathogenic strain. The genotypic-based molecular methods have greater discriminatory capabilities. In this issue ofThe Journal, two elegant studies 1,2 apply molecular methods to examine drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreaks. In each case, molecular epidemiologic analysis illuminated the outbreak source, and the results had important clinical ramifications. See also pp 1323 and 1329. Back et al 1 examined a recurrent epidemic of erythromycin resistant S aureus (ERSA) infections in a well-baby nursery, using restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA (otherwise known as plasmid profiling) and genomic DNA typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The first ERSA epidemic occurred during a 7-week period in


The release of phosphorus (P) from bottom sediments is an important source of nutrient enrichment in many lakes. Reductive dissolution of P and iron (Fe) has been regarded as a mechanism responsible for the P mobilization in sediments. In this work, sedimentary P fluxes in the central portion of Lake Maracaibo were studied, considering the influences of dissolved oxygen, redox potential, pH, and Fe in the overlying water. Experiments were performed to laboratory scale in a batch system under anaerobic conditions in 1976, 1983, 1998 and 2009. For 2023, predictive models were applied. The estimated contribution of sediment to the P content in Lake Maracaibo ranged from 4.84 to 8.14x106 kgP/year, and the P release rate ranged from 1.66 to 10.30 mgP/m2.d. On the last day of the experiment, the P concentration of the sediment was 0.251 mgP/g and of the sediments from the lake (hypolimnetic cone) was 0.253 mgP/g. Fe and the redox potential account for approximately 57% of the variability in total P in overlying water. The annual contribution of sedimentary P to the P content of the lake ranged from 11.13% in 1976 to 27.25% in 2023 (52.72% in 2009).


1. the art that the invention defined in the claims The present invention will on a vehicle positioning system and a method associated with the satellite network. 2. The invention attempts to solve the technical challenges The present invention is a vehicle position information transmission apparatus is the vehicle position information based on the results of comparing the vehicle location information relayed between the signals received from a satellite belonging to a signal and the satellite network is received from the base station via a terrestrial network belonging to a terrestrial network mounted on a vehicle transmitting the vehicle position information, for example, when sending to the vehicle location control center difficult to vehicle location information management center via a satellite network, and thus the vehicle position received received car location information or the car position information transmitted over the satellite network from an information transmitting apparatus that aims to provide a vehicle location system and method in conjunction with reference to the vehicle position information received by means of a terrestrial network from the device to track the location and movement path, such as a stolen vehicle or a vehicle of interest, satellite networks. 3. Resolution of the subject matter of the invention, The present invention provides a vehicle location system, receiving transmitting an upload vehicle position information command to the vehicle position information transmission apparatus via the satellite network and a terrestrial network, and to receive from the vehicle position information transmission apparatus via the satellite network or the terrestrial network the vehicle position information, and vehicle location information management center to provide vehicle location information to the subscriber based on the vehicle ID; Mobile communication system of the ground network side that performs signal transmission and reception between the vehicle location control center and the vehicle position information transmission apparatus; The vehicle position information and the vehicle location control center the vehicle position information of the satellite network side that performs signal transmission and reception between the information transmission apparatus a relay satellite; Satellite network control station that performs signal transmission and reception between the vehicle position information and the relay satellite vehicle location control center; And based on the result of comparing the satellite signal strength and the mobile communication signal strength, satellite network communication condition is good if a vehicle position information and the vehicle the identity via the vehicle position information relay satellite transmitted to the vehicle position information management center, and terrestrial network communication If a good is a vehicle including the position information transmission apparatus for transmitting vehicle location information and the vehicle ID to the vehicle position information management center via a mobile communication system. 4. An important use of the invention, The invention yiyongdoem like vehicle location service. Satellite networks, terrestrial networks, vehicle tracking, vehicle location information upload instruction, vehicle location, vehicle identification, position correction information


In experiments involving deletion and rearrangement of intron sequences two small regions of the intron in the yeast CYH2 ribosomal protein gene were found to play important roles in splicing of the pre‐mRNA. One element lies downstream of the 5′ splice site, and the other is upstream of the branchpoint sequence UACUAAC. Deletion of the element upstream of the branchpoint prevents spliceosome formation and blocks splicing in vivo and in vitro. Deletion of the element downstream of the 5′ splice site does not on its own block splicing but rescues spliceosome formation and splicing of pre‐mRNA lacking the element upstream of the branchpoint. These elements correspond to two regions of sequence complementarity which are a conserved feature of the introns in yeast pre‐mRNAs. Mixing and matching of the elements from the ACT1 and CYH2 gene introns showed that these elements can cooperate in an intron‐specific fashion to control spliceosome assembly.


The paper refers to the discussion of measuring and assessing knowledge capital. In particular, the interconnectedness of the intangible resources in organizations is not well represented in the methodical approaches. Moreover, the identification of driver resources which is strongly connected with this question is far from being solved in a satisfactory manner. Therefore, this article reviews existing methods of the scenario analysis in view of the performance measurement discussion and contributes towards an advanced analysis of resources in organizations.


Control system for an agricultural vehicle and method for calibrating alignment of an output conveyor of an agricultural vehicle with a storage compartment. This is a control system for an agricultural vehicle which includes a controller configured to calibrate the alignment of an output of the agricultural vehicle transporter with a storage compartment to receive a first signal from a target user interface alignment carrier output to a first desired point on the storage compartment, determining a first position of the storage compartment in relation to the agricultural vehicle as a result of receiving the first signal, receiving a second signal from the target user output interface of the alignment of conveyor to a second desired point on the storage compartment diagonally opposite the first desired point, determine a second position of the storage compartment in relation to the agricultural vehicle as a result of receiving the second signal and establishing a bounding rectangle having a first vertex in P irst and a second desired point on the second vertex desired point based on the first position and the second position.


Relay node (RN) placement expands the network coverage and capacity and significantly reduces the energy consumption of heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Energy efficiency is the system design parameter in HetNets as it determines network operators' energy consumption and economic value. Relay is one of the energy-saving methods, where it can reduce the transmit power by breaking a long transmission distance into several short transmissions. However, placing an RN without a proper transmission distance may lead to a waste of energy. Thus, investigating an optimum RN placement in HetNets is crucial to ensure energy efficiency and maintain network performance. This paper presents an energy efficiency scheme for the RN based on four commonly used network topologies of indoor HetNets. The minimum energy consumption algorithm is proposed based on a comparison of distance and links of the RN. The results show that the circular network topology is an optimal network model with an efficiency factor increase of 6% that can be used to design the energy efficiency indoor HetNet.


The demand for daily commuting that is safe, efficient, and cost-effective has given rise to the increasing use of multimodal public transport system. Single-mode and single-criterion route choice based on travel time or cost has been extensively studied. However, little has so far been reported on an integrated real-time model for multimodal and multicriteria route choice. The multiple criteria model described here is based on travel time, cost, and safety and allows for route choice across different transport modes. This model is implemented by integrating geographic information systems (GIS) with a microscopic traffic simulation system. The multimodal transport network is converted to a single-layer GIS network and the switching delays between different modes of transport are assigned to the related links. Subsequently, the link-based generalized cost from different factors is derived. Real-time traffic conditions obtained by means of simulating traffic conditions are then fed to GIS to find the time-dependent optimal route using a dynamic least generalized cost algorithm developed in this study. As different criteria influence the generalized cost for route selection differently, analytical hierarchy process is adopted for determining the weights of each factor. A prototype fulfilling the aforementioned aspects has been developed and the route choice model is demonstrated on multimodal transportation networks in the central region of Singapore.


A package is formed by packing material (11, 25) wound around a PVA film packaging (3,24) is a cylindrical roll on a core (2, 21), in order to even the core ( case of 2, 21) of the inner circumferential surface of the condensation and the like, water from dew condensation hardly permeates into the package, both end portions constituting the core (2, 21) projecting from the forming roll end surface end portions of the packaging material (11, 25) is fixed to at least a portion (22) of the outer circumferential surface of the projecting portion.


Designs a method for the evaluation of coronary stenosis rate using area ratio and validates the effectiveness of this method through a pulsating cardiac coronary phantom based on 64-row Detector CT .


Pseudosarcoma is the term introduced by Lane 1 to indicate the large polypoid connective tissue masses associated with squamous carcinoma of the mouth, fauces and larynx. He made a study of the pathological findings in ten cases. In the literature 2 4 the term carci nosarcoma is more commonly used to describe this type of relationship. Pseudosarcoma is a more suitable designation for the sarcoma-like masses because they are not malignant locally and do not metastasize. The important lesion is the underlying squamous cell carcinoma.


Identifying the plants aphids have fed on can increase our understanding of their roles in food webs, and help in improving management and implementation control strategies in agricultural systems. Field sampling and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) in three different varieties of cotton and the aphids (Aphis gossypii) that fed on these varieties. The results were used to test the hypothesis that stable isotope signatures of aphids that have fed on different varieties of cotton differ. Two-dimensional plots of stable isotope signatures for aphids and the cotton varieties they fed on displayed a non-overlapping pattern, indicating that stable isotope signatures of the three cotton varieties and the aphids that fed on them differed. The results indicate that stable isotope analysis can potentially be used to identify aphids that have fed on different varieties of cotton. When the stable isotope signatures of diets clearly differ then it is highly likely the consumers will be distinguishable.


This paper outlines the findings from a series of focused interviews with 161 illicit drug users. The paper identifies drug driving as subset behaviour of drug use. Using the interviewees' own words the reportage details aspects of the culture of drug driving from the user's perspective. Key issues associated with education and intervention programs are identified.


This paper presents a new model to calculate fly ash Resistivity based on its chemical composition, for fly ash generated in Indian thermal power plants, which is one of the critical parameter that influences the fly ash collection, sizing and performance of electrostatic precipitator. The model developed for calculating the electrical Resistivity was verified through, experiments, which were conducted for the measurements of electrical Resistivity over a wide range of temperatures (90 455) 0 C as per IEEE standards. Around 50 samples were obtained from different power plants in India for the Resistivity measurements, the chemical composition of each sample were determined. These empirical relations provide better agreement with experimental values compared to those developed by Bickelhaupt and those developed earlier in this lab in the working range of operations of Indian ESPS.


This paper presents a fast 3D-High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) depth maps intra-frame prediction based on static Coding Unit (CU) splitting decisions trees. This coding approach uses data mining to extract the correlation among the encoder context attributes and to define a split decision tree for each CU level of the depth maps encoding. The decision trees were trained using the information extracted from 3D-HEVC Test Model (3D-HTM) and using the Common Test Conditions (CTC). Each decision tree defines if the current CU must be split into smaller sizes, considering the encoding context through the evaluation of some current encoder attributes. The proposed solution reaches a complexity reduction of 59.0% for depth maps coding with a negligible impact of 0.18% in the encoding efficiency of synthesized views.


This paper introduces action-oriented teaching methods.At the same time,it discusses the applicability of action-oriented teaching methods in different learning phases and analyzes effect in teaching practice.


Experiments were carried out in a downer reactor integrated in a circulating fluidized bed combustor to examine the performance of the coal topping process. The effects of reaction temperature and coal particle size on the product distribution and their compositions were determined. The experimental results show that an increase in temperature will increase the yields of gas and liquid product, and the liquid yield decreases with the increase in coal particle size. The experiments exhibit an optimal condition for the liquid product. When the pyrolysis temperature is 660 °C and coal particle size is less than 0.28 mm, the yield of light tar (hexane-soluble fraction) reaches 7.5 wt % (dry coal basis). The light tar is composed of acid groups (57.1 wt %), crude gasoline (aliphatics) (12.9 wt %), aromatics (21.4 wt %), and polar and basic groups (8.6 wt %). The experiments indicate that the coal topping process is a promising technology for partially converting coal into liquid fuels and fine chemicals.


In order to solve the problem of structural damage during the braking process of a rocket sled supersonic water bucket, which affects the braking effect, it is proposed to use the FEM fluid-solid coupling calculation technology to analyze the process of the water bucket entering the water brake. The fluid-solid coupling calculation results show that the limit braking state After the water bucket enters the water brake for 0.06ms, the stress at the entrance position exceeds the yield limit of the material, and the structure is severely deformed and damaged; under normal braking conditions, the water bucket enters the water brake for 0.4ms, the plate at the entrance of the bucket bends, and the structure is seriously deformed at 2ms, The structure is destroyed at 3ms. Using the penalty function fluid-structure coupling method, the numerical analysis of the model water bucket was carried out under two working conditions. Due to the unreasonable design of the bucket, the bucket entrance deformed and destroyed during braking. It is recommended to increase the structural strength of the water inlet side plate.


Optical second harmonic intensity has been measured for electrically poled several TeO2- based glasses in order to discuss relation between second harmonic intensity and glass structure. The glass systems, ZnO-TeO2, BaO-TeO2, WO3-TeO2 and ZnO- BaO-TeO2, have been chosen because these systems possess relatively extended glass- forming region. The second harmonic intensity increases with an increase in the concentration of ZnO in the binary ZnO-TeO2 system. It is known that an addition of ZnO to TeO2 glass converts TeO4 trigonal bipyramids to TeO3 trigonal pyramids and leads to creation of non-bridging oxygens. We presume that these tellurite glass structural units, which are lacking in center of symmetry, are oriented to the direction of external dc electric field and that the orientation takes place more easily in the ZnO-rich glass because the glass-network structure is more flexible owing to the presence of trigonal pyramids and non-bridging oxygens. While the second harmonic generation is clearly observed in ZnO-TeO2 and WO3-TeO2 glasses, it does not occur in BaO-TeO2 glasses under the present poling conditions. We speculate that the orientation of structural units scarcely occurs in the BaO-TeO2 glasses because the external field mainly causes the electron polarization of Ba2+ ions.


Based on two decades of grassroots experiences, Concern Bangladesh has developed a federation structure to ensure the sustainability of community-based organizations (CBO). Despite capacity-building inputs to all federations, only a few of them have been able to operate without substantial external aid. This lack of progress relates to a one size fits all capacity-building strategy and other sociopolitical issues such as the alienation of federations from the wider community and to political manipulation. Successful federations demonstrate that a committed leader who ensures participation, respects transparency and accountability, and promotes second line leadership can contribute positively to sustainability, even in an adverse sociopolitical context, and with limited capacity-building support.


Middle Volga region is an area where many different ethnic groups and peoples have left traces. The main subjects of the research are the munajat as a part of the region`s of tatar musical folk tradition.


Objective The discussion liver cirrhosis patient circumference shallow venous transfusion caused the local response occurrence reason and the corresponding nursing countermeasure.Methods One hundred eithty liver cirrhosis patients were divided into control group, experimental group stochastically, the situation to two group of patient circumference shallowed venous transfusion local response to carry on the comparative analysis and to take the corresponding nursing countermeasure.Results Experimental group's part formation rate is lower than that of the control group obviously, the difference had statistics significance ( P < 0.05 ) .Conclusions To the question which appears takes the corresponding countermeasure in the venous transfusion process, may reduce the circumference shallow venous transfusion local response obviously, improved the nursing work quality.

Key words:
Venous transfusion; Circumference shallow vein; Liver cirrhosis patient; Local response; Nursing


Background

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth deadliest cancer in the world. There has been no breakthrough in the research on EC in the past few decades. Epidermal growth factor-like protein 6 (EGFL6), as a member of the epidermal growth factor superfamily, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of some tumors. However, the role of EGFL6 in the EC has never explored.
Methods

Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression level of EGEC6 protein in human EC and its adjacent non-tumor tissues, and analyzed the correlation between the expression level of EGFL6 protein and clinical pathological indexes and survival rate. In vitro, by constructing EGFL6 silence and overexpressed EC cells,used CCK-8, clone formation, wound healing assays, transwell experiment and flow cytometry to explore the effects of EGFL6 on the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of EC. By using real-time PCR or western blot to detect the related marker genes of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), tumor stem cells (TSCs) and Wnt/β-catenin. In vivo, established a nude mouse EC transplantation tumor model.
Results

The results showed that the expression level of EGFL6 in EC is significantly higher than that in adjacent non-tumor tissues, and is related to poor prognosis of patients. In vitro, CCK-8, clone formation, wound healing assays, transwell experiment and flow cytometry results show that EGFL6 overexpression can promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of EC cells and inhibits apoptosis. EGFL6 silencing inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration of EC cells and promotes apoptosis. Real-time PCR and Western-blot detection of EMT-related markers found that EGFL6 can induce EC cells EMT. Real-time PCR detection of esophageal cancer stem cell-related genes showed that EGFL6 may maintain the expression of esophageal cancer stem cell-like cell population. Western-blot detection of Wnt/β-catenin signaling marker genes showed that EGFL6 participated in the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo experiments found that knockout of EGFL6 could inhibit the formation of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice.
Conclusion

Taken together, our study identified a novel role and mechanism of EGFL6 in EC and provided epigenetic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of EC.


The early years of Isis are examined in the light of George Sarton's connection with Paul Otlet (1868–1944) and Henri Lafontaine (1854–1943), founders in 1895 of the International Office of Bibliography and in 1907 of the Union of International Associations, both in Brussels. Otlet, known as one of the fathers of the Information Age, invented the science of information, which he called, in French, documentation. Lafontaine, a socialist senator in Belgium, won the 1913 Nobel Prize for Peace. Sarton shared Otlet and Lafontaine's views about pacifism, internationalism, and rational bibliography; he designed Isis to fit with the modernist goal, expressed by Otlet and Lafontaine, of using information to generate new knowledge.


Butler Matrix is a beamforming network (BFN), functioning as a feeding network of antenna array. It provides multiple values of progressive phase different of excitation current to an antenna array. By integrating Butler Matrix with antenna array, multiple beams on radiation pattern could be created. In this work, three different types of antenna array have been integrated with the same Butler Matrix and the radiation patterns of each configuration have been compared. The chosen antennas types in this project are 4 x 1 square patch antenna array, 4 x (4 x 2) antenna array and 4 x 1 monopole antenna array. They are chosen as each of them has different radiation pattern characteristic. The obtained results show that four independent beams with different angles are generated by individual array where square patch antenna array has Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW) about 30° for each beams and manage to cover 120° of coverage area, 4 x 2 antenna array has HPBW about 7° and cover 30° while dipole antenna produce two kind of beams, broader and narrower beams. The comparison between the measured and computed radiation pattern of each antenna array are presented.


The aim of this paper is to propose a novel technique for Arabic/Farsi handwritten digit recognition. We constructed an invariant and efficient feature set by combination of four directional Chain Code Histogram (CCH) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG). To achieve higher recognition rate, we extracted local features at two levels with grids 2×2, 1×1 and it causes a partial overlapping of zones. Our proposed feature set has 164 dimensions. For classification phase, Support Vector Machine (SVM) with radial basis function kernel was used. The system was evaluated on HODA handwritten digit dataset which consist of 60000 and 20000 training and test samples, respectively. The experimental results represent 99.31% classification rate. Further, 59fold cross validation was applied on whole 80000 samples and 99.58% accuracy was obtained.


Mechanical vibrations are a movement of particles around the state of equilibrium in a solid environment. Vibrations are a common phenomenon in our daily life. These vibrations are often parasite effects threatening our existence. Vibrations of the ground, machines, or a number of technical devices present a process, which require a continuous or a long-term monitoring. In many sectors vibrations are a working factor in a production process.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on Shephard's narrative account of one person's experience of Positive Behaviour Support (PBS). Design/methodology/approach – This paper reflects on Shephard's account in the context of the burgeoning literature concerning the effectiveness of PBS and the author's own experiences. Findings – Practitioners of PBS should consider narrative accounts as legitimate data. Originality/value – This commentary welcomes the move toward the inclusion of narrative, or ethnographic, perspectives when evaluating PBS.


An exponential increase in solid waste is a crucial concern for all citizens including policy makers. This issue has been building up over a period of time due to inadequate planning and implementation of measures to segregate, collect, tranbsport and dispose solid waste in the country. Despite many initiatives being taken to resolve the problems associated with the collection of waste, the issue of piled up garbage has been a common site. Though technology has advanced and unlike previously many people have access to it and use it, the use of such resources to solve daya to day problems of citizens is poor. Therefore, the current study was focused towards the technological approaches over the collection of solid waste that accumulates more in urban areas, especially in Sri Lanka. IoT, GPS, Geo-fencing and RFID is incorporated to design a model for the successful collection of solid waste on a timely efficient manner. It is expected that the solution will enable customers and policy makers the ability to address this important issue and ensure that the environment is kept clean. In addition, this model will function with minimum cost and will take only minimum to time for customers to use.


In a previous work the authors demonstrated that, for MIMO links using 4-QAM, receivers which involve iterations between a successive interference cancellation (SIC) detector and a convolutional decoder are able to outperform receivers based on the a posteriori probability (APP) detector and a turbo decoder. This is achieved at significantly lower complexity and without the need for matrix channel equalization. However for higher-order modulation schemes such as 16- and 64-QAM, the iterative receiver is unable to converge appropriately, while the APP-based receiver performs adequately but at the expense of prohibitive computational complexity. A novel layered encoding scheme is proposed at the transmitter which allows the iterative receiver to operate with higher-order modulations. Here, iterations are performed between the detector and a turbo-decoder. In addition, soft output combining, inherent to the iterative receiver architecture, is optimized so as to maximize the mutual information transfer at each iteration. It is shown that, in conjunction with the layered encoding scheme, the iterative receiver again outperforms the APP-based receiver, at a lower computational complexity.


This paper introduced how did Dahaize mine design pillars on the basis of underground pressure rules in applying Wongawilli mining method. Load-bearing rules, strength and rational size of pillars were analyzed. And the decision method of technology parameters of Wongawilli mining method were further perfected.


I How do we make sense of the revolution that took place in the Episcopal Church in the 1990s regarding sexual misconduct by clergy? This is not a rhetorical question. In the late 1980s and early 1990s our church, along with every other denomination in America, was forced to come to terms with the realities of sexual misconduct, and one strong impetus to do so involved the threat of litigation. When victims of clergy sexual misconduct could not get a hearing through the church's processes they took us to court, and it was the large damage awards which ultimately got our attention. Of course, there are other, more benign explanations for the changes we underwent. The influx of women both into the ordained ministry and into diocesan positions of authority did a good deal to break apart the "old boy" network which tended to protect accused clergy by both overt and covert strategies. But ten years after the fact, we now, as a body, have fundamentally different presumptions about complainants and respondents than we did before this whole process began. It is no longer our first response to assume that a complainant is crazy or needy or neurotic. It is no longer our first response to assume that the accused cleric couldn't possibly have done such a thing. And we all seem to have overcome our traditional Anglican reticence about matters sexual and to take it for granted that a full airing of the facts will be the best for all concerned. How can this be? How can we make sense of the transition we have just gone through? What does this corporate experience mean? The American philosopher Richard Rorty begins his 1989 work Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity with the famous assertion that truth is made rather than found. As he went on to describe the classic pragmatist (what has come to be seen as the essential postmodernist) position, Rorty asserted that "truth cannot be out there" because "the world does not speak. Only we do."1 To say that we live in a world in which truth is made rather than discovered is to express both a very new and a very old insight. On the one hand, to talk of making truth challenges received ideas of truth as absolute, timeless, and ideal. On the other hand, to reject the notion of found truth is to reiterate what Anglicans have implicitly understood over the entire course of our history. An ecclesial community rooted in comprehensiveness, Anglicanism has long known that its genius lies in finding a way to be in the world regardless of what partisan, ideological differences suggest about what that way of being means. As a former teacher of mine says, we are "pragmatic rather than confessional": we define membership by action (participating in rites and sacraments, pledging) rather than by confession (assenting to particular interpretations of the creeds).2 Anglicanism's pragmatic proclivities have served our tradition well. The ethos which finds expression in both the Book of Common Prayer and in the Anglo-American tradition of common law has enabled the church to find its way through a series of almost intractable controversies-from the High Church-Puritan strife of the 1700s to the Evangelical-Catholic divisions of the 1900s up through the twentieth century's debates over race, gender, and human sexuality. The implied pragmatism of Anglicanism's ongoing set of working agreements does not mean that we achieve comprehension around consensus. It does mean that we characteristically find a way to live together in tension and disagreement by agreeing together on what to do in a particular set of circumstances even if we are divided about what that action means. But there is another arena in which the pragmatic, common-law tradition of Anglicanism has served us well: I argue in what follows that the evolution of Title IV has in itself begun to suggest an evolving theology of sexual misconduct in our church independent of all theideologies to which we have often resorted to explain or understand it. …


The utility model discloses a robot alarm clock which comprises an alarm clock body, wherein the alarm clock body is arranged in the head of a robot shell body, the robot alarm clock effectively achieves the function of a desk lamp due to the fact that an illuminating lamp is arranged in the head of the robot shell body, and the robot alarm clock can be used for lighting when a user studies, reads a book at right and the like. Through a pronunciation repeating function, the robot alarm clock enables a student to conveniently learn English and the like, sound of a relative can be recoded into the alarm to be set as an alarm clock ring tone, and therefore a user can hear the sound of the person who is closest to the user. Due to the fact that a fluorescent layer is arranged on the robot shell body, the robot alarm clock can be conveniently found at night when no light exists.