Michigan courts give no special status to road signs in determining a road authority's liability with respect to claims and litigation. The absence of a sign, a common issue raised by the plaintiff, does not equate with road authority liability, just as the presence of a sign does not eliminate liability. The fundamental question is whether the road was reasonably safe; the results of signing decisions are relevant to that inquiry, as are other road conditions. Michigan law provides guidelines for many signing decisions, some in specific statutes, others in the Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices and relevant cases. The law encourages the exercise of judgment in making signing decisions, without attaching any special legal significance to these decisions. To the extent that signs make a road safer, they improve the road authority's liability position. Exposure to liability is particularly great in the interval between a decision and the actual installation of a sign. Delay in carrying out an action the authority has deemed necessary will support a finding of negligence.


AbstrcatThe motion process and the relationship between blocks of roof rocks are analyzed.The mathematics model of rational compressed?volume?of?the?packing is established.Theoretical research and in?situ observation shows the contractibility of the packing doesn′t suitable for the deformation characteristics of roof rocks.The compressibility of the packing of high?water solidifying material must improve.


In the 3-dimensional Euclidean space E3, a quadric surface is either ruled or of one of the following two kinds z2=as2+bt2+c,abc≠0 or z=a2s2+b2t2,a>0,b>0. In the present paper, we investigate these three kinds of surfaces whose Gauss map N satisfies the property ΔIIN=ΛN, where Λ is a square symmetric matrix of order 3, and ΔII denotes the Laplace operator of the second fundamental form II of the surface. We prove that spheres with the nonzero symmetric matrix Λ, and helicoids with Λ as the corresponding zero matrix, are the only classes of surfaces satisfying the above given property.


The application of information technology (IT) in business processes in various types of organizations generally aims to improve performance, achieve organizational goals and objectives, and competitive advantage. However, not all organizations that utilize IT can achieve this goal properly. The Directorate General of Customs and Excise has centralized data based on information technology. In the process of implementing the Customs Application System (SAC) it is necessary to conduct periodic evaluations to mitigate the risks that have an impact on the use of the system. Researchers intend to identify risks to the Excise Application System using Fuzzy AHP. Expected results, namely the value of cracking from a number of high IT risks can then be a priority in dealing with problems so that the system becomes better in accordance with applicable business processes and objectives. Based on the results, People Risk with the highest priority value: 0.535 need a risk mitigation Compared with the technological risk priority value 0 and the value of risk tools 0.465. There are various obstacles that can cause people to riot so that some of them can be done to reduce the risk of people by conducting training related to the system used so that human resources can contribute to the advancement of directly related technologies.


Telemetry systems is an innovative design of electronics and computer system which can be used to take measurements from a remote site by using any type of link like Radio link, optical fiber, co-axial cables etc. Telemetry systems can take any of the measurement like pressure, temperature, density, humidity etc. from a target location and sends the taken measurements via wired or wireless links that may be sent over few meters or may be sent over wide range. There are great and flawless changes in various telemetry systems from some past years that brought a nice popularity to use these systems rather than keeping a human eye on measurements. Telemetry systems have made a user free from taking measurements at target site, noting down the readings, turning the machines on or off. In this paper adaptive neuro fuzzy Logic is combined with wireless telemetry systems to control water flow in water/any fluid Tank used in industries. This paper presents the design of a wireless telemetry system for controlling the flow of water in water tanks used in industrial process using adaptive neuro fuzzy logic called adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. To incorporate artificial intelligence basically fuzzy logic and artificial networks are used. In this research these two models are initially studied. The advantages and disadvantages of both are discussed. Then these two models are compared by taking different parameters. By combining positive measures of fuzzy logic and artificial neural network, adaptive neuro fuzzy logic is considered as better method to incorporate artificial intelligence in the present research work. The resultant system is an assemblage of computer and communication equipments designed to work together for the purpose of measuring and controlling the flow of water in water tanks(tanks may contain any liquid) placed at far side . Besides control, The systems performs monitoring, data logging, alarming and diagnostic functions so that large, complicated process systems can be operated in a safe manner and maintained by a relatively small staff or just by a computer. Keywordsfuzzy logic; artificial neural networks; adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system; telemetry system; adaptive neuro fuzzy logic.


To assess baseline characteristics of a cohort of young men with erectile dysfunction (ED) but no identifiable organic cause and to evaluate the efficacy of our treatment algorithm.


Using sparse grids to solve the vibrational Schroedinger equation In principle, it is straightforward to compute the vibrational spectrum of a molecule without neglecting coupling and anhar-monicity: one must calculate eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix representing the Hamiltonian in an appropriate basis. In practice, this is difficult because the matrix is very large. To obviate the N 2 memory and N 3 CPU costs of standard diagonalisation methods, it is now common to use iterative algorithms (e.g. Lanczos, Davidson, Filter Diagonalisation) for computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It is easy to efficiently implement iterative algorithms when a direct product basis is used. However, for a molecule with more then four atoms, a direct product basis set is large and (although iterative algorithms eliminate the need to store the matrix) minimising the number of basis functions required to obtain converged eigenvalues would be advantageous. Can this be done without jeopardizing the efficiency of the matrix-vector products required by all iterative algorithms? One way to reduce the number of basis functions is to discard unimportant functions from a direct product basis. In this talk I shall present new basis-size reduction ideas of this type that are compatible with efficient matrix-vector products. Advances required to improve image quality in medical radiography – a statistical problem Image quality in medical radiography is a statistical problem. Images are formed when x-ray quanta deposit energy into a detector that normally consists of a large two-dimensional array of small (100-um square) discrete detector elements. The physical processes of energy transfer are statistical in nature and can be represented as a complex cascaded of random point processes that describe photon scatter, conversion to secondary quanta, and liberation of charge pairs. Spatial correlations in image signals introduced by these processes are largely responsible for image quality. Detector performance and the ability to produce high-quality images for low x-ray exposures is described by the Fourier-based detective quantum efficiency (DQE) which is derived from statistical decision-making theory. This talk will summarize the link between detector design and image quality through the DQE and cascaded-systems analysis. The physical processes that currently limit image quality in modern systems will be identified with attention drawn to how these detectors must be redesigned for improved image quality and dose reduction. For the past decade, there has been a considerable improvement in Terahertz (THz) imaging. In particular, the technique of 3-D computed tomography has been adapted …


A new approach is developed for integrating consumers' risk perceptions with stated purchase behavior when consumption decisions must be made with incomplete information. The application involves health risks from exposure to pesticide residues on fresh produce. Unlike traditional food demand analysis, the present approach treats produce choices as discrete outcomes, resulting in a random utility model. Empirical results from a pilot survey suggest a clear linkage between perceptions and behavior in response to new risk information. Consumers' stated preferences for safer produce were primarily influenced by price differences and perceived risks, not by the technical risk information provided alone. However, the linkage between behavior and valuation was less clear cut. The risk/price tradeoffs entailed by contingent discrete choices indicate high price premia for small risk reductions and little variation in price premium across alternative risk reductions.


In view of unreasonable design of 125KN oil press imported from Japan which results in shifting and nonalignment,reasonable modification plan is put forward in the paper The plan is carried out effectively


For many years, nitric oxide has been known to play a role in memory consolidation. Concerning, then, in recent years, athletes have been using nitric oxide supplementation at the risk of potential unknown memory effects. To determine whether there is a risk of memory effects through nitric oxide supplementation, Long-Evans rats (n = 9) received 450 mg/ kg via oral gavage of the commonly-used supplement Larginine (from which nitric oxide is synthesized) and were compared to saline control group rats (n = 9) in a long-term memory task. All rats were trained on the Win-Shift version of a 12-arm radial arm maze, which involved two stages: Stage 1 provided information about where in the maze food would be found during Stage 2. After training criteria had been met by all rats, and across the 4 days of testing, Larginine or saline were administered to the groups, immediately after Stage 1 (but two hr before Stage 2). L-arginine was expected to enhance memory consolidation, with memory improvements being seen as fewer errors were made while finding all of the food rewards in Stage 2, and less time required to complete Stage 2 when L-arginine animals were compared to saline control animals. The hypothesis was supported through both measures, suggesting that increasing nitric oxide levels may result in cognitive benefits. These findings add to the growing topic of nitric oxide's role in long-term memory processes.


Abstract This analysis study is one of several stages that must be passed before testing the structural model. This study is initiated due to the limited information related to the measurement of Positive Affect Scale within the academic settings. It was done among 724 students of state junior high schools in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The instrument development consisted of guideline arrangement, language feasibility testing, content validation through expert judgments, trials to measure the item discrimination index, item selection based on the item discrimination results, items representation for each indicator and the construct validity test for the selected items. The testing of measurement model used the data analysis techniques of Structural Equation Models (SEM) with the assistance of AMOS program version of 21. The results of the study showed that the validity analysis of Positive Affect Scale within the academic setting was able to produce the items that can reveal constructs or latent concepts appropriately. Keywords: positive affect scale, validity analysis, academic setting


Popular techniques of waste treatment are often very expensive and often difficult to access.Nowadays, billions of tons of valuable waste material are deposited in landfills without using potential. The factthat five to ten percent of the total carbon dioxide emissions coming from civil engineering, actually from theproduction of cement, means that it is necessary to find some alternative materials. Alkali-activated materials -geopolymers are created in order to prevent carbon dioxide emission and to use waste materials. Geopolymersare the result of a chemical process called geopolymerization. They were developed in order to promote fireprotection, but their numerous benefits were observed during the laboratory tests. Materials such as industrialby-products might be used as a binder material because their chemical structure is rich in aluminosilicatecompounds. As in well-known building materials, as it is here, the application of different binder materialsmakes a difference in the material structure. During the process of geopolymer mixtures production, binders andalkali activators required more steps than traditional building materials: like blending the binder materials,dissolving the liquid phase, etc., but in the end, the carbon emission is a few times lower when compared toothers mixtures. It is clear that the greatest benefit of geopolymer is their ecological aspects.The paper presents the results of testing the physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics of geopolymermixtures. Fly ash was used as the primary material, while its partial replacement was made with the addition ofred mud. All geopolymer mortar mixes meet the basic requirements in terms of compressive and flexuralstrengths.The testing was continued on frost and thaw up to twenty-five cycles. It can be concluded that the coefficient ofresistance, in terms of flexural strength is greater than seventy-five percent only in the mixtures made withfifteen percent red mud and on the etalon sample. By calculating the compressive strength resistance parameter,it was concluded that all samples of geopolymer mortar that are made of fly ash and with the addition of redmud are freezing and thawing resistant up to twenty-five cycles.


Mental health directly influences the normal study and life of college students. The problems brought by psychological problems also affect many college students, which has brought many negative effects to them. Therefore, in view of the college students' psychological correlation analysis, it is necessary to put the association rules mining technology for the college students' psychological analysis. To guide college students' mental health education has great practical significance. This article improved algorithm combined with established system of college students' psychological correlation analysis. To collect the college students' psychological evaluation data and the basis of the basic information, we use the improved algorithm for mining. From the results in some regularity and characteristics of college students' psychological factors, it offers a new way for college students' mental health education.


Objective:To explore the value of laparoscopic diagnosis for female patients with tuberculosis in abdominopelvic cavity.Methods:The data of 12 female patients with tuberculosis in abdominopelvic cavity diagnosed by laparoscopic technique from September 2004 to March 2006 were analyzed.Results:Specificity is low in diagnosis of imaging and lab test for patients with tuberculosis in abdominopelvic cavity which is difficult to identify.However laparoscopic diagnosis for typical tuberculosis in abdominopelvic cavity has a higher specificity which shows extensive gray tubercles like german millet located in surface of omenta,intestinal canal,abdominal wall and internal genitalia.There are adhesions and yellowish peritoneal fluid in abdominapelvic cavity.The positive rate of peritoneal fluid is very low and the patients were correctly diagnosed via biopsy of tubercles.Conclusions:Laparoscopic diagnosis is worthiness for patients with tuberculosis in abdominopelvic cavity.The surgeons can make a clinical diagnosis according to the view of laparoscope and can make a final diagnosis combined with biopsy.


Through FTIR, SEM/EDS and XRD analysis of hydration products of slag/fly ash concrete paste activated by composite solid alkali, the activation effect of composite solid alkali activator on slag/fly ash system was studied. The results show that the hydration products of the excitation system are mainly C-S-H gels, and the crystallization of C-S-H gels with 28 days hydration age tends to be perfect. The hydration products have good bonding and compact structure, which greatly improves the strength of the matrix. The damage pictures of 28-day-old C30 concrete blocks after compression test further show that the composite solid alkali activator has a good activation effect on slag/fly ash system.


Objective To investigate the influence of MCP-1 on the apoptosis of osteoblast precursors and to evaluate the expression of apoptosis Caspase3 protein.Methods The expression of chemotactic factor MCP-1 in MC3T3-E1 was detected by immunofluorescence in vitro.Different concentrations of chemotactic factor MCP-1 were added in MC3T3-E1 cells,the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytomertry and the expression of Caspase3 was checked by immunocytochemistry.Results The expression of MCP-1 was positive in MC3T3-E1.Flow cytomertry test declared that the apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 with serum culture medium was not more than 5%.Compared with normal serum group,the apoptosis rate of serum-free group increased significantly.In the range of(1~100)ng/mL MCP-1,the MCP-1 apoptosis was declined compared with the serum-free group(P0.05).Caspase3 was reduced on average gray values in MCP-1 group(P0.05).With the concentration of MCP-1(1ng/mL~100ng/ml) increased,the expression of Caspase3 was declined.Conclusion That MCP-1 regulated the expression of Caspase3 in MC3T3-E1 resisted possibly the apoptosis induced by serum-free,thus promoted osteogenesis.


Bentonite was used as an adsorbent for removing copper ions from aqueous solutions,and the kinetic experiments and isothermal were performed. The results showed that the bentonite on Cu2+ adsorption followed the pseudo-secondary kinetic model, the high temperature was benefit for adsorption; The isothermal experimental data were fitted using Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm.


Social movements often face the danger of becoming the very thing they are fighting against. This tension is evident within the student movement, Rhodes Must Fall, at the University of Cape Town. This dialectic is explored through the notion of 'alienation' as a concept of social philosophy. I argue that while the movement emerges from the experience of alienation, certain behaviours internal to the movement can also proceed to cause alienation. The lesson to be learnt from this contradiction is that we are all simultaneously oppressors and oppressed. From this emerges a positive understanding of alienation, as the experience of alienation is not only a negative one. One such positive lesson in this case is the alteration of our understandings of ourselves and others toward an all-inclusive liberation agenda. Failure to heed this could see the transformation potential of such movements like Rhodes Must Fall hijacked by hypocrisy.


Recently, the Supreme Court in Jennings v. Rodriguez interpreted provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) as authorizing the potentially indefinite detention of certain categories of aliens, without bond, who are awaiting removal proceedings. The Court reversed a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Ninth Circuit), which upheld a federal district court's injunction requiring aliens detained under one of three statutes to be afforded a bond hearing, and potentially be released from custody, if held longer than six months. Because the indefinite detention of at least some categories of aliens covered by the challenged statutes would arguably raise constitutional concerns, the Ninth Circuit had construed the statutes so that the period in which they authorized detention without bail was limited to six months. But the Supreme Court ruled that this interpretation was implausible given the statutes' text, and the Court held that the statutes provided no limit to the length of an alien's detention pending removal proceedings. Upon remand, the lower courts may confront the constitutional question their earlier interpretation of the challenged statutes was intended to avoid: Is it constitutionally permissible for the government to indefinitely detain aliens during immigration proceedings?


We analyzed the coercivity of both cubic and tetragonally distorted Co x Cu1−x Fe2O4 particles (x = 0.2 and 0.1, respectively) using the global model. According to magnetic viscosity measurements, the size of the activation volumes v a increases from around 2000 nm3 (v a 1/3 ≈ 13 nm) at 10 K for both samples, to close to 175 000 nm3 for the cubic sample and 5400 nm3 for the tetragonally distorted sample at 300 K. The microstructure-related phenomenological parameters obtained from the global model analysis are α= 0.29 and N eff = −0.01 and α= 0.39 and N eff = −0.24 for the cubic and tetragonal samples, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images of the tetragonal sample showed that nanograins are connected through a thin amorphous layer (∼1 nm), which could account for the intergranular exchange interactions indicated by the negative value of N eff as well as values of M r/M s > 0.5 for such isotropic samples. Low temperature discrepancies are tentatively attributed to magnetic reversal being governed by a local heating process following thermal activation.


After two thousand years of slow cooling Arctic, warming suddenly began more than a century ago. It has continued, with a break in the middle, until this day. The rapid start of this warming rules out the greenhouse effect as its cause. Apparently the time scale of the accumulation of CO2 in the air and the Arctic warming does not match. It is likely that the cause of this warming was a relatively sudden rearrangement of the North Atlantic current system at the turn of the century that directed warm currents into the Arctic Ocean. All observations of Arctic warming can be accounted for as consequences of these flows of warm water to the Arctic. This explains why all attempts to model Arctic warming have failed: Models set up for greenhouse warming are the wrong models for non-greenhouse warming. It turns out that satellites which have been measuring global temperature for the last 31 years cannot see any sign of current warming that supposedly started in the late seventies. This absence of warming in the satellite record is in accord with the observations of Ferenc Miskolczi on IR absorption by the atmosphere. What warming satellites do see is only a short spurt that began with the super El Nino of 1998, raised global temperature by a third of a degree in four years, and then stopped. It was of oceanic origin.


Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is a sort of non-Newtonian liquid whose properties can be controlled with the assistance of metal particles and magnetic field. These fluids can transmit force in a controlled way with the assistance of magnetic field, accordingly enhancing their execution particularly in areas where controlled fluid movement is required. The proposed idea of this paper is to study the various properties of the magnetorheological fluid, its behavior under various conditions and its application in automobiles in the brakes, clutches and vibration dampers.


Consider the following stochastic process on a graph: initially all vertices are uncovered and at each step cover the two vertices of a random edge. What is the expected number of steps required to cover all vertices of the graph? In this note we show that the mean cover time for a regular graph of N vertices is asymptotically (N log N)/2. Moreover, we compute the exact mean cover time for some regular graphs via generating functions.


Background: There has been no research on the Indian population that has tested ears for "Noise Induced Hearing Loss." Furthermore, while there was no study on recruits of Indian descent in the literature, an attempt was made to test the individuals for noise-induced hearing loss.
Objective:  To corelate the initial OAE screening in terms of frequency involved with time frame after firing for the first time to prevent further exposure and hearing loss.
Methods: Otoacoustic emission (OAE) screening is done over recruits before and after first exposure to loud noise of rifle firing in our study. Recruits were followed up at 04 hours, 24 hours, 01 month and 06 months after exposure. Individuals showing variation in OAE at 24 hours were also subjected to Pure Tone Audiometry at 01 month and 06 months.
Results: There were 98 recruits in total. Referred to OAE after 4 hours, 67 recruits recovered in 24 hours.Remaining 31 recruits(45 Ears) when followed up and screened at 01 month shows refer in OAE in 22 recruits (37 Ears) and high frequency loss on PTA in 17 recruits (31Ears). At 06 months 16 recruits (28 Ears) shows refer in OAE and 12 recruits (22 Ears) shows dip in high frequency in PTA.
Conclusion: The OAE is a more sensitive method for detecting noise-induced hearing loss early on. Individuals who demonstrate REFER in OAE at both 04 hours and 24 hours with both 3 kHz and 4 kHz involved are more prone to noise induced hearing loss in the future, according to this study, which also correlates time and frequency involved in OAE in diagnosing early hearing loss.


In principle,the procedural administrative act is non-actionable.Exception determination requires comprehensive consideration of administrative efficiency maintenance as well as citizens' procedural and substantive rights protection in separate case.During the process of environmental impact assessment of plans,whether the public can participate into and the specific participation way and content are all determined by the procedural administrative act of administrative bodies,which,in the law and policy dimension,should be able to be sued while in the law interpretation dimension,should go beyond the institutional barriers to case accepting scope and plaintiff qualification of related administrative litigations.


relationship between the discharge conditions of alkaline Zn/MnO 2 batteries and the discharge time or the capacity is determined by means of continuous discharge with fixed resistance and at constant current, in order to predict the capacity and discharge time when the batteries discharge continuously. It can be shown that the equation, C=K/I n-1 , is fitted between the capacity and discharge current or average discharge current when alkaline Zn/MnO 2 batteries for LR03 type discharge continuously with fixed resistance and at constant current under the limited production technology. When the batteries discharge continuously with fixed resistances, the equation, t=mR-B , is fitted between effective discharge time and discharge resistance within the limits permitted.


Abstract Introduction: Psychodrama, as a form of art therapy, helps people to enact and use role-plays for a specific problem, rather than just talking about it, in an effort to review the problem, gain feedback from group members, find appropriate solutions, and practice them for their life. The current paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama therapy on the reduction of depression for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Method: This is a quasi - experimental research study , using pre-post and follow-up testing plan with control group. Using a convenience sampling technique, a total of 20 individuals are selected among clients with multiple sclerosis referring to Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Society. The subjects are randomly placed into two control and experimental groups. The experimental group participates in a twelve-session therapy plan for 6 weeks, while the control group receives no intervention.  In order to collect data, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the demographical information questionnaire are used. Data analysis is performed by analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA). Results: The results show a decrease in the post test and follow-up test scores for depression, and such decrease is statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings indicate the effectiveness of the psychodrama intervention to decrease depression among patients with MS. Hence, it will be helpful to take great concern over psychological treatments for these cases.


Spatial behavior of a pipe conveying fluid is examined theoretically and experimentally under the condition that the pipe has an asymmetrical spring supported end. The planar motion, nonplanar motion and beating phenomena of the pipe vibration exist depending on the flow velocity and the perturbed parameter of the spring coefficient. Furthermore the experiments were conducted with the silicon rubber pipe conveying water. The spatial displacements of the pipe were measured by the image processing system, which was based on the images from two CCD cameras. The typical feature of the self-excited pipe vibration, as predicted by the theory, was confirmed qualitatively.


The relevance of the frequency of compounding in utility rate regulation is often misunderstood. Increasingly, analysts have advocated that the allowed return on equity capital should be the quarterly or continuously compounded equivalent of the market determined annual rate of return estimate emerging from a discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. Of course, restating an annual rate of return in terms of its quarterly or continuously compounded equivalent creates a lower return measure. If this lower return were applied to an unchanged rate base, the resulting estimates of the utility's earnings and revenue requirements would also be lower. However, the use of a quarterly or continuously compounded rate will not alter the estimate of a utility's annual earnings requirement as long as it is implemented with a rate base construct that is consistent with quarterly or continuous compounding. That is, regardless of the frequency of compounding, the allowed rate of return and, hence, service rates must be set at levels that are expected to generate the quarterly dividends and growth in investment (share price) requ red by investors. Linke-Zumwalt [1] and Siegel [2] have explored the effect on capital cost estimation when recognition is given to the fact that firms commonly pay dividends quarterly but change the dividend amount only periodically. Both articles demonstrated that the market return estimate based on quarterly dividends is higher than


A new digitally controlled shunt-capacitor inverter delay element and its design procedure are presented. The digital shunt-capacitors consist of binary scaled transmission gates and have a much smaller total capacitance and resolution than state-of-the-art solutions using separate MOSFETs for switches and capacitors. This results in a lower power consumption and smaller area making the shunt-capacitor inverter an efficient solution for high-resolution delay lines in the GHz range. Different topologies for the MSB and LSB shunt-capacitors further improve the efficiency by reducing the minimum capacitive loading of the CMOS inverter. The proposed delay element is verified in a 65 nm CMOS process implementing a four stage delay-line with a step size of 0.82 ps in a 2.5 GHz all-digital multiphase delay locked loop.


can be found in almost any account of organized labor or farmers' movements. The Knights of Labor, the Populists, the Industrial Workers of the World, the Southern Tenant Farmers' Uni'on, and the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers all appealed to class solidarity among blacks and whites. All achieved some individual successes, and ultimately failed. They failed in part because of the power of their adversaries and in part because of the localized nature of their individual efforts. The Louisiana legislature's intervention in the 1907 strike settlement is an excellent example of the manner in which state governments, controlled by employers, easily overcame the temporary success of a black-white labor coalition at the local level. Repeated throughout the South, this pattern should have received more attention from Rosenberg. Also contributing to the failure of labor's efforts was racism within labor's ranks. Rosenberg does not adequately examine this factor, although he notes that "half-and-half had perhaps at times tasted of expediency" (p. 183). His own findings demonstrate that white dock workers wanted no part of "social equality," and saw themselves as superior to their black fellow workers. Finally, consideration of the relationship between the development of de jure segregation and modern industrial capitalism, as explored in the work of John Cell and George Fredrickson, would have given this study a more sophisticated theoretical framework. Despite these weaknesses, Rosenberg's work provides considerable insight into the complexities and contradictions of segregation within the South's labor force and into the methods by which segregation was imposed on a sometimes less than receptive working class.


Cryptography plays major role in information security and many encryption, decryption algorithms have been developed and in use for information retrieval and storage but still there is a need to research for better algorithms than existing. Recently Multilanguage encryption and decryption approaches throw a light in this area of research. In this paper we propose a novel encryption and decryption technique in which cipher text is brought into Unicode characters of Hindi, an Indian official language. A software cryptographic tool also can be facilitated for the purpose of information security in the organizations.


The H/V method has the potential to significantly contribute to site effects evaluation, in particular in urban areas. Within the SESAME European project (Site EffectS assessment using AMbient Excitations) we investigate the nature of ambient seismic noise in order to assess the reliability of this method. Through 1D seismic noise modeling, we simulate the ambient noise for a set of various horizontally stratified structures. We perform array analysis (f-k) for both vertical and horizontal synthetics and estimate the contribution of different seismic waves (body/surface waves, Rayleigh/Love waves) at the H/V peak frequency. We show that the very common assumption according which almost all the noise energy would be carried by fundamental mode Rayleigh waves is not justified. The proportion of different waves is dependent on site conditions, especially the impedance contrast. However, for the 1D horizontally layered media presented here, the H/V peak frequency always provides a good estimate of the fundamental resonance frequency whatever the H/V peak origin (Rayleigh waves ellipticity, Airy phase of Love waves, S-wave resonance). We also show that the relative proportion of Love waves in ambient noise controls the amplitude of the H/V peak.


Ideally, the network should be dynamically reconfigured as traffic evolves. Yet, even within the software defined network paradigm, network reconfigurations cannot be too frequent due to a number of reasons related to route consistency, forwarding rules instantiation, individual flows dynamics, traffic monitoring overhead, and so on. In this paper, we focus on the fundamental issue of deciding whether, when, and how to reconfigure the network while traffic evolves. We consider a problem of optimizing semi‐stable routing in the capacitated multicommodity flow network when one may use at most a given maximum number of routing configurations (called routing clusters) and when each routing configuration must be used for at least a given minimum amount of time. We propose an efficient solution approach based on routing cluster generation that provides a tight lower bound on the minimum of a selected objective function (like maximum link delay or a sum of link delays) and suboptimal solutions very close to the calculated bound. The approach scales well with the size of the network.


The modified diatomite was prepared using natural diatomite.Adsorption effects and conditions of strontium ions by modified diatomite and natural diatomite were studied under the condition of static state.The results of the study showed that the removal rate of the modified diatomite was better than that of the natural diatomite.Consequently,diatomite was an inexpensive and readily available adsorbent for strontium ions.


ABSTRACT In the last few decades, Duane's syndrome (DS) has begun to be classified under as one of the congenital cranial dysinnervation syndromes (CCDDs), as its primary cause is neurogenic. Incomplete forms of DS have been described very recently. This case appears to be the first report of the association of an incomplete DS with synkinesis of the levator and lateral rectus as a severe and complex example of a CCDD.


R. E. ALLEN. Plato's 'Euthypro' and the Earlier Theory of Forms. International Library of Philosophy and Scientific Method. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1970. Pp. 170. £2 10s. ARCHIE J. BAHM. Polarity, Dialectic and Organicity. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois. 1970. Pp.287. $14.50. R. M. BARRAL. Progressive Neutralism: A Philosophical Aspect of American Education. Nauwelaerts, Louvain/Beatrice-Nauwelaerts, Paris, 1970. Pp. 142. 265 FB. JEREMY BENTHAM. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Edited by J. H. Burns and H. L. A. Hart. Athlone Press. Pp. xliii & 338. 1970. £6. JEREMY BENTHAM. Of Laws in General. Edited by H. L. A. Hart. Athlone Press. 1970. Pp. xlii&340. £6. JOHN BLACK. The Dominion of Man: The Search for Ecological Responsibility. Edinburgh University Press. 1970. Pp. 196. 30/-. JOSEPH BOBK, Ed. The Nature of Philosophical Inquiry. University of Notre Dame Press, Indiana. 1970. Pp. ix & 303. $9.50. RICHARD BUTRICK, JR. Carnap on Meaning and Analyticity. Mouton & Co., The Hague. 1970. Pp. 74. 12 Dutch guilders. ERNST CASSIRER. Rousseau, Kant and Goethe. Princeton University Press. London: Oxford University Press. 1970. Pp. 98. Paperback 18/-. JOHN COULSON. Newman and the Common Tradition: A Study in the Language of Church and Society. Clarendon Press: Oxford University Press. 1970. Pp.279. 50/-. W. CHARLTON. Aesthetics: An Introduction. Hutchinson University Library. 1970. Pp. 135. 35/-. Paperback 13/-. SURESH CHANDRA. A Study in Ayer's Epistemology. Centre of Advanced Study in Philosophy, Visva-Bharati, W. Bengal. 1970. Pp. xiv & 229. Rs. 31. MAURICE CRANSTON. The Quintessence ofSartrism. In English and French. Harvest House, Montreal. 1969. Pp. 74 & 78. $4.50. A. P. D'ENTREVES. Natural Law. Edited by S. Korner. Hutchinson University Library. 1970. Pp.208. 28/-. Paperback 12/-. STEPHEN A. ERICKSON. Language and Being: An Analytic Phenomenology. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. 1970. Pp. 162. 58/-, $6.50. HASKELL FAIN. Between Philosophy and History. Princeton University Press. London: Oxford University Press. 1970. Pp.329. 95/-. FICHTE. Science of Knowledge (Wissenschaftslehre). Edited and translated by Peter Heath and John Lachs. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York. 1970. Pp. 298. Paperback $4.65. J. N. FINDLAY. Axiological Ethics. Macmillan & Co. 1970. Pp. 93. Papermac 10/-. ALDEN L. FISHER AND GEORGE B. MURRAY (Ed.). Philosophy and Science as Modes of Knowing. Selected Essays. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York. 1970. Pp. 252. $4.35 paperback. D. P. GAUTHIER. Morality and Rational Self-Interest. Prentice-Hall International. 1970. Pp. 184. 60/-. Paperback 20/-.


How and whether ankylosis is connected with inflammation has been discussed for a long time.1 There are two major reasons for this debate. First, no effective anti-inflammatory treatment was available in the past for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) as salicylates, which have been used to treat inflammatory rheumatic diseases for over 100 years, were not effective. However, the first non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), phenylbutazone, was introduced into clinical practice around 1949 and was highly effective in patients with active AS. It was followed in subsequent decades by many other NSAIDs. The good therapeutic efficacy of NSAIDs was used to differentiate AS from degenerative causes of back pain2 due to their good anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, NSAIDs for the treatment of AS are still often regarded incorrectly by the public as just 'painkillers' which should be avoided.3 Furthermore, conventional anti-inflammatory disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) which are highly effective in many chronic rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, are not effective in AS,4 similarly to low or moderate doses of glucocorticoids, which also show lack of efficacy.5 All this contributed to the assumption that inflammation does not play a major role in AS, which was believed to be rather dominated by new bone formation and ankylosis.

Approximately 14 years ago, the dramatic efficacy of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers was demonstrated in patients with active AS.6 The debate on the interaction between inflammation and new bone formation was fuelled again by the finding that treatment of patients with active AS with TNF blockers for 2 years, despite the good effect on signs and symptoms, C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammation as detected by MRI, did not prevent new bone formation in the spine.7 This is the second major reason for the ongoing discussion on the association between inflammation and new bone …


We present here a case of 22 years old male who sustained road traffic accident, crushed between two vehicles, suffering complete transaction of the trachea extending from C7-D1 level to D3-4 level. Patient sought immediate medical assistance at the nearest medical centre with complaints of respiratory distress and subcutaneous emphysema; referred to a tertiary care hospital. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed; airway was secured by placing the endotracheal tube tip distal to the distal tracheal disruption site. It was an interesting and challenging case, as patient had only airway trauma and no other injury. Surgical repair was done on 8th day of injury. Patient developed chest infections and septicemia, treated as per sepsis guidelines and using mechanical ventilation. He responded to treatment, recovered and was extubated on 40th day. Tracheal stenosis at the site of repair was observed on Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and CECT (Contrast enhanced computer tomography) chest.


Reversible information hiding (RDH) in protected images is now receiving greater attention from the study team. Since it safeguards the privacy of supplemental information while still being a covered media, it is attractive for application in analytics, online clouds, diagnostic devices, and other disciplines. This study proposes an original method for irreversible data hiding in secret picture (RDH-EI). After securing your cover image, our method uses the tactic of assigning adequate space for the additional data. We begin by identifying suitable blocks for data occlusion in various parts of the image. Before the photo is encoded, some of the S-box of these chunks are supported into other areas of the image to employ a high-performance traditional RDH approach. Once the image has been encrypted, these LSB-planes are used to hide further data. Restoration of the original cover image and error-free supplementary information extraction are often guaranteed. The proposed strategy is quite straightforward and simple to comprehend. Experiments' results show that our method is superior to traditional ones for embedding concealment in protected images.


It is found that the coloring of caustic liquor produced by the ammonia-soda process is due to chromate in the milk of lime given to the sodium carbonate solution for causticization. But the solid caustic soda, even produced by the ammonia-soda process, contains a little chromate. The coloring of caustic liquor by chromate is found in products of all ammonia process makers in Japan. The existence of chromate not only gives the yellow color to the product, but also has an undesirable effect on viscose production in the rayon industry. Yellow-colored caustic liquor can be discolored by the addition of the reducing reagent. Refining by anion exchange resin is also effective, but there is a risk of the corrosion of the resin by the caustic liquor. As the chromate was identified in the caustic liquor, it was concluded that the abnormal wave of the polarogram caustic liquor was probably due to the hydrolysis current. By measuring the absorbancy of caustic liquor at the wavelength of 370 mμ, the chromate content...


Software frameworks such as simulators, testing tools, robot middleware, and platforms are essential technologies in system integration in robotics. Software frameworks divide certain functionalities into abstracted common functions and specific individual functions and contribute to solvingmany problems in one scheme. Simulators and test tools allow you tomakemore types of trials more times than in reality. The framework of middleware and platforms promotes modularization and containerization, which contributes to system reusability and increased flexibility. In general, researchers tend to think of a framework as a black box and focus on how to use it. However, the abstraction and commonalities of functions provided by the frameworks should be focused on, and its reusability and its evaluation method should also be considered. This special issue introduces the current advanced technologies related to software frameworks that contribute to robot system integration technology. From this point of view, this volume contains five notable full papers. The first full paper by Darko Bozhinoski shows a model-based framework for run-time adaptation of robot control architectures based on ROS (MROS). This framework provides users with a way to explore the integration methods from robotics and related systems. In the second full paper, Andrei Mitriakov shows a simulation framework based on Gazebo and ROS for reinforcement learning-based control skill acquisition. The third full paper by El Hafi Lotfi proposes the containerized Software Development environment (SDE) based on a collaborative workflow. The proposed framework supports collaboration by various researchers and developers, accelerating robot system development. The fourth full paper by Akishige Yuguchi shows a task execution framework toward robot-agnostic home appliance operations. They implemented and evaluated the framework with several types of robots. The last full paper by Hao-Ya Hsueh proposes the platform for developing, visualizing, training, testing, and benchmarking path planning algorithms in 2D and 3D grid world environments. The proposed framework can be applied as benchmark tools with standard and customizable metrics. Finally, guest editors would like to thank all the authors who submitted this special issue and also thank all reviewers and the editorial office of Advanced Robotics.


In order to study on the reaction mechanism of HCl with CaO,The HCl removal capability by CaO dry process with humidification and the influence of several factors on the removal efficiency of HCl have been investigated in the temperature range from 160℃to 750℃in a fluidized-bed incinerator.The results show that the removal efficiency decreases firstly and then increases as the steam concentration range from 1.5%to 20%).The effect of steam on the reaction acts as both-sides function:promoting and inhibiting.Through XRD analysis,the reaction can be divided into two steps,at first,it produces CaClOH,then the reaction enters into the second step,which produces the final production of CaCl_2·2H_2O.


The influence of ballasting resistor implementations on the RF performance (both small-signal and large-signal) and on the linearity of common-base (CB) SiGe power HBTs is experimentally investigated. It is demonstrated that higher RF performance and better linearity can be achieved from CB SiGe HBTs by using emitter ballasting scheme than using base ballasting scheme.


porary international trade theory. During this period, a considerable amount of research has attempted to find empirical support for Linder's hypothesis that the intensity of bilateral trade in manufactured goods is mainly determined by "preference similarities."1 Lindens conjecture, of course, is a partial denial of the more general neoclassical (Hecksher-Ohlin) model in which relative factor endowments ultimately determine the pattern and intensity of trade relations. Efforts to verify Linder's hypothesis by empirical means have produced mixed results to date. Most studies supporting the hypothesis are based on


trials: recognition, correction, and implications CV Ananth, JA Lavery a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA b Biostatistics Coordinating Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA c Department of Epidemiology, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Correspondence: CV Ananth, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. Email email@example.com


Abstract : Computer simulation studies of image motion analysis algorithms are presented. The algorithms are the extended Kalman filter algorithm, linear feature-based algorithms (perspective and orthogonal), and the accumulative differencing algorithm. The simulation studies both using computer generated and real images are conducted to determine the performance of the algorithms on low signal to noise ratio images. using the results of simulation studies, a comparison of the performance of image motion analysis algorithms is performed.


In a double‐blind clinical trial of 48 patients, nalbuphine, morphine, and pethidine were compared by on‐demand intravenous analgesia during the first 24 hours after cholecystectomy. Overall pain relief (visual analogue score) was recorded by the patients as 50 (SEM 4) for nalbuphine, 44 (SEM 4) for morphine and 53 (SEM 5) for pethidine. These scores were not significantly dfferent. The mean demand for each drug over the 24‐hour period was 70 (SEM 12) mg for nalbuphine, 46 (SEM 6) mg for morphine and 614 (SEM 49) mg for pethidine. Pain on movement, either during deep breathing or turning, was found to be less well controlled after nalbuphine (70, SEM 2), and pethidine (67 SEM 7) than after morphine (52, SEM 5; p < 0.01). The incidence of side effects was similar with each drug. Nalbuphine is a useful postoperative analgesic, as effective as pethidine. Nalbuphine 15 mg is apparently equipotent with morphine 10 mg or pethidine 120 mg by this mode of administration.


To improve the longevity of a phosphor converted white light-emitting diode (LED), the SiO 2 coating on CaS:Eu phosphor by using polymer binder was carried out. The coating characteristics were found to be critically dependent on the sort of monomer and temperature of the reaction during the polymerizing process. This process is found to avoid a hydrolysis reaction, which causes damage to CaS:Eu phosphor surface, which frequently occurs in the conventional sol-gel process. Field-emission scanning electron microscope images and transmission electron microscopy images showed that polymer binder coating of SiO 2 on CaS:Eu phosphor was very solid and could well serve as a protective layer against the moisture, which is critically detrimental to the development of commercial white LEDs. Significant optical stability, even after a moisture-contacting experiment, was observed in the case of coated phosphors. However, it was also found that the emission of H 2 S from the CaS:Eu phosphor still remained influential to the longevity of an LED device because of a bottom Ag plate in our experimental regime.


ABSTRACT Cicero's rediscovery of Archimedes' tomb shows the interest for science in Rome when the ruling class used to be educated in Greece. Geometry, practised mainly by the Gromatici, had a more technical character in Italy. Augustine showed a good knowledge of mathematics but, as the Greek language went declining in the West, the cultural and economic exchanges became very rare across the Mediterranean. The perception of this danger induced the best scholars to translate scientific texts into Latin: e.g. Boethius translated Aristotle's logic, Nichomachus' Arithmetica, and Euclid's Elements (a few complex fragments of the latter, with authorial corrections, are found in a palimpsest in Verona). Many poets were also interested in mathematics: Catullus' 5 and 7 re-echoed the numbers of Archimedes, killed by a Roman soldier during the conquest of Syracuse; Virgil, too, found delight in arithmetic; in Constantine's times such attention is testified by Optatianus, and Ausonius offers an interesting example of combinatory geometry.


This mixed-methods study examined expelled students in a Northwest public school district of 3,400 students. The purpose was to analyze perceptions of expelled students from 2003-2010 (N-68) regarding their expulsion process and experiences relating to the resumption of educational pursuits. Data was collected from a questionnaire designed by the researcher and distributed to 44 students and from transcribed and coded testimony from four students. The research centers on the whys and wherefores of student expulsions, asking questions that could help schools and school districts penetrate more deeply into the expulsion process, questions that focus on how students perceive their own expulsion and how, after expulsion, they do or do not resume their education. Results from findings using descriptive statistics and qualitative interviewing and coding procedures show five significant areas. Expelled students (1) express deep feeling of isolation after expulsion, (2) feel their expulsions were unfair, but support zero tolerance policies for weapons and drug abuses even though the majority reason for expulsion is drug offenses, (3) express a need for their district to help them, not exclude them, (4) resume educational pursuits at a ratio of 75% graduation at various schools to 25% who dropped out, and (5) parents, especially mothers, are the main influential mentors in the resumption of education.


Abstract Purpose: Previous studies have examined the effects of γ-irradiation (γ-IR) on wild-type and p53 mutant Medaka (Oryzias latipes) 24 hours after irradiation and in the present work, apoptosis and alterations in erythrocytes of 4, 8 and 24 h and 14 days after gamma-ray irradiation were reported as genotoxic biomarkers of γ-irradiation. Materials and methods: Sexually mature wild-type, WT (Hd-rR) and p53(−/−) adult female medaka (O. latipes) were exposed to 4 Gy dose of γ-IR and sampling were collected after 4, 8 and 24 h and 14 days. Results: Apoptosis and morphological alterations were observed from 4 h after irradiation and remarkably increased 8 h after irradiation in the wild-type. Apoptotic cell death has been observed 8 h after irradiation most prominently but subtle in p53 mutant medaka. All these phenotypes were recovered 14 days after irradiation in both strains. Although no micronuclei were seen in any group, nuclear abnormalities were observed in red blood cells. Both apoptosis and morphological alterations in erythrocytes were decreased after 24 and 14 days after γ-irradiation. Conclusions: We conclude that apoptosis and malformations caused by 4 Gy γ-irradiation in the erythrocytes of medaka fish occurs from 4–24 h and the initial response until 8 h was p53-dependent.


Specifically, the study aimed at determining the attitude of teachers toward learners with MID in selected primary schools in Kiambu County and how it influenced their performance in English. The study employed social constructivist theory to explore the teachers' instructional strategies that had an effect on the English performance of learners with MID in acquiring self-regulation. In this study 31 class six English teachers, 2111 class six learners and 31 school administrators within 3 zones were targeted in the descriptive survey study. A 20% sample was used to sample the learners, while purposeful sampling was used for the teachers and school administrators. The study used a sample of 31 school administrators, 31 teachers and 422 learners, all from the three identified zones. Observation schedules, interview schedules and questionnaires were used to collect data. Piloting was done in Gicharani primary school to enhance the validity of the research instruments while the test and re-test method was used to test the instruments' reliability. Quantitative data questions were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendencies. Findings revealed that the teachers' attitude was positive with some having a negative attitude. The chi-square analysis revealed that the p-value was statistically significant at 0.018 implying that the teachers' attitude towards the learners affected the learners with MID's English performance. The study concludes that the teachers' attitude towards learners with MID had a significant influence on the MID learners' performance in English. The study recommends that primary school teachers should be trained on the need for a positive attitude in the classroom towards all the learners, more so those with MID to ensure their participation in class and improved self-esteem.  Article visualizations:


Interface of perovskite layer play a crucial role in the charge extraction and recombination process of perovskite solar cell. It is, therefore, of great importance to examine the geometrical and electronic structures of surface/interface of perovskite. Unfortunately, standard experimental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are not suitable to examine practical perovskite films for solar cells. XRD observes the lattice periodicity and is not sensitive to the surface structure. Although STM can precisely observe the surface atoms, it cannot be applied to rough surface or thick films, e.g. solution-processed perovskite surface.
 We have demonstrated that a combination of electron spectroscopies is powerful and versatile tool to examine both geometrical and electronic structures of perovskite surfaces. Figure 1 shows principles of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and metastable atom electron spectroscopy (MAES). In UPS, the valence electrons are excited by ultraviolet photons (typically with the energy of 21.22 eV) and kinetic energies of photoelectrons are analyzed to measure the valence electronic states as a difference between the photon and electron kinetic energies. The probing depth of UPS is limited by the mean free path of electrons which is usually several layers a few nanometers (several layers) in the energy range of UPS. In MAES, the excitation source is replaced with the metastable helium atom (with the energy of 19.82 eV). Although the process as electron spectroscopy is similar to that of UPS, MAES is extremely surface sensitive because the helium atom can only interact with the outermost atomic orbitals of the sample surface. By comparing the UPS and MAES spectra, we can obtain information about the surface structure as well as the electronic states. In this presentation, we will demonstrate the following two topics:
 1. Surface termination of CH3NH3PbI3 [1]
 The properties of the interface of perovskite ABX3 should be strongly affected by the surface termination, i.e. whether the surface is terminated with AX or BX layer. We examined the surface termination of a CH3NH3PbI3 thin film prepared by the standard one-step solution process. The results show that surface of the perovskite film is terminated with the layer consisting of CH3NH3 and I.
 2. Surface structure of quasi-2D perovskite films, PEA2m(CH3NH3)n-2mPbnI3n [2]
 A small amount of large organic cations incorporated in perovskite film (quasi-2D) passivates the surface and enhances the stability of the perovskite solar cell against moisture. We examined surface structure of PEA2m(CH3NH3)n-2mPbnI3n, and confirmed that the PEA segregates to the surface and that the phenyl group covers the outermost surface of the quasi-2D perovskite. From the concentration dependence, we also examined the plausible structure of the quasi-2D film.
 1) A. Mirzehmet, T. Ohtsuka, S. A. Abd. Rahman, T. Yuyama, P. Krüger, H. Yoshida, Adv. Mater. 33, 2004981 (2021).
 2) A. Mirzehmet, T. Ohtsuka, S. A. Abd. Rahman, T. Aihara, M. A. Kamarudin, S. R. Sahamir, S. Hayase, T. Yuyama, P. Krüger, H. Yoshida, Appl. Phys. Express 14, 031006 (2021).


Let G be a (p, q) graph. A bijective function   q p 3,..., 2, 1, E(G) V(G) : f    such that f(v) f(u) f(uv) for every edge E(G) uv is said to be a super graceful labeling. A graph G is called a super graceful graph if it admits a super graceful labeling. In this paper, we study the super gracefulness of Fan graph Fn , Double Fan graph DFn and SF(m, n).


T h e feasibil i ty of r o t a t i n g a bluff flameholder as a m e a n s of inc reas ing vo lume t r i c hea t r e l ea se r a t e s i n h i g h o u t p u t c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r s h a s b e e n inves t iga ted . A cy l indr i cal flameholder w i t h i t s l o n g i t u d i n a l axis n o r m a l t o t h e flow of c o m b u s t i b l e gases was r o t a t e d rap id ly a b o u t a t r ansverse axis para l le l t o t h e flow. T h i s r o t a t i o n r e su l t ed in t h e gene ra t i on of flame f ron t a t h i g h e r r a t e s t h a n w h e n t h e flameholder r e m a i n e d s t a t i o n a r y , a n d v o l u m e t r i c h e a t release r a t e s were cor respondingly increased . R o t a t i o n of t h e flameholder, however , also t e n d s t o r educe t h e s tab i l i ty l i m i t s . For a n y o n e t a i lp ipe l e n g t h , t h e c o m b u s t i o n efficiency increased w i t h inc reas ing r a t e of r o t a t i o n . T h i s increase t e n d e d t o b e g rea te r t h e lower t h e i n l e t gas veloci ty . T h e power r equ i r ed t o overcome t h e r o t a t i o n a l d r a g was ca lcu la ted t o be usua l ly less t h a n t h e losses d u e t o wall fr ict ion or axial d rag of t h e flameholder. Possible appl ica t ions of r o t a t i n g flameholders a re discussed.


Objectives In 2 prospective nationwide studies, the Danish Endometrial Cancer Study demonstrated that postoperative radiotherapy (RT) could be omitted in low- and intermediate-risk stage I patients without loss of survival when evaluated after 5 years. In the present study, we evaluated the consequence of this decision on the long-term risk of recurrence and death. Study Design From 1998 to 1999, 1166 patients newly diagnosed with uterine carcinoma were included. Of these, 586 were low-risk, 231 intermediate-risk, and 78 high-risk stage I. Low- and intermediate-risk patients received standard primary surgery (hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy), and no postoperative RT was given. Long-term recurrence and survival rates were estimated. Results After 14 years, 6.3% of low-risk and 22% of intermediate-risk patients had relapsed compared with 32% of high-risk patients. Recurrences were dominated by locoregional relapse in the low and intermediate risk, whereas non–locoregional relapses were prominent in high risk. After locoregional relapse, 1.5% of low and 4.3% of intermediate risk experienced a second relapse dominated by non–locoregional relapses. After curative-intended treatment of vaginal recurrence in the low- and intermediate-risk patients, 100% had complete remission after the first vaginal recurrence, whereas only 74% was cured after the first or the second recurrence. The increased recurrence rate, however, does not seem to affect survival because the survival rate did not change compared to earlier Danish population–based data. Conclusions We conclude that omitting RT in early stage endometrial cancer increase local recurrences, but without affecting long-term survival.


Entrepreneurship is in fact a part of Islamic culture and Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him, PBUH) and his companions are examples of this," there are a lot of Muslims that are successful entrepreneurs in the world and Islam always invite all Muslims to be innovative, entrepreneur and active but unfortunately however, through time Muslims have lost their confidence . This paper aims to explore the Islamic Entrepreneurship notion in detailed. And concludes that not only Islam is not opposite with entrepreneurship but also warmly invites all Muslims to be entrepreneurs in their life


Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) is one of the important complex organic molecules detected on the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko by Rosetta's Philae lander. It was also detected in hot cores around high-mass protostars along with a recent detection in the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422. We propose here a gas-grain chemical model to form CH3NCO after reviewing various formation pathways with quantum chemical computations. We have used NAUTILUS 3-phase gas-grain chemical model to compare observed abundances in the IRAS 16293-2422. Our chemical model clearly indicates the ice phase origin of CH3NCO.


Secondary control has been defined as the process by which people change themselves in order to come into line with environmental forces(Rothbaum,Weisz,& Snyder,1982). Examination of secondary control may suggest insightful explanations of characteristics of psychological development in a collective society. However,because researchers have interpreted and used their own definition of the concept of secondary control,it is difficult to integrate the results from studies of secondary control. The present review explains that researchers have taken either a hierarchical or non-hierarchical view of the structure of the concept of secondary control. The review also explains that there are variations in how secondary control can be distinguished from primary control,how to position secondary control,primary control,and relinquishing control, and the functions of secondary control and primary control. Furthermore, the present review clarifies the difference between views focusing on adjustment to the environment and those that focus on maintenance of control, certainty versus uncertainty perspectives on the cognition of action-outcome contingencies, and self versus circumstances as a strong agency of secondary control. Based on the conclusions of the present article,future issues are discussed.


Veneration of Saint John of Nepomuk in Hungary in the Past - Saint John of Nepomuk is the patron of Bohemia, one of the heavenly patrons of the Society of Jesus. He is also an important figure of Baroque popular religion in Eastern Europe and Hungary. His cult in Central Europe was spread by the Jesuits in the late 16th century. Because of his martyrdom (he was drowned) he is regarded as the patron saint of those who go on water, and of fishermen. In many places his statue stands beside rivers or streams, near bridges and ferries. Portrayals of him also appear on small devotional pictures. The article examines the cult of Saint John of Nepomuk in Hungary in the context of Central Europe. It presents in particular his veneration is the south of the Hungarian Great Plain and in Szeged, rites and customs linked to his feast (May 16th).


ABSTRACT This article employs a Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressive model to assess the effects of electricity price innovations on prices of other goods and services. Using monthly series from Turkish Domestic Producer Price Index (D-PPI) and Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) components, the results from the analyses on D-PPI components suggest that (i) Machinery & Equipment (not elsewhere classified); Electrical Equipment; and Rubber & Plastic Products increase the most, while (ii) Tobacco Products; Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas; and Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management & Remediation Services increase the least. In addition, the results from the analyses on HICP components suggest that (iii) Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels; Furnishings, Household Equipment & Maintenance; and Restaurants & Hotels increase the most, while (iv) Communications; Alcoholic Beverages, Tobacco & Narcotics; and Education increase the least.


In this paper a robust Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is proposed based on inverse additive perturbation in a power system with wind farms. The proposed controller designed by new modified Honey Bee Mating optimization namely Honey Bee Mating Optimization (IHBMO) to achieve robustness of this strategy where the optimization process is formulated based on an enhancement of system robust stability margin. The designed optimal PSS is based on Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The effectiveness of the proposed technique is tested over ten macine 39 buses New England power system. Obtained results demonstrate the superiority of proposed technique over conventional PSS.


The traditional length optimization theories for continuous casting production have been analyzed.A new model has been developed with the aim to the optimization for cutting with various length during multi-strand bloom casting,and the VC++language has been adopted to build the calculation platform accordingly.It is shown that the new model could be used in length optimization control for the processes of both single strand and multi-strand casting with different length plan.


In the paper the authors will present the design and preliminary rotor-bearing dynamics test results for a hydrogen co-fired multi-fuel capable rotary burner. Hydrogen co-firing involves moving a stream of liquid or gaseous fuel through a zone of combusting hydrogen. The high-temperature of the hydrogen combustion zone initiates a vigorous combustion of the fuel stream moving through. Given the very high combustion temperatures of the rotating hydrogen flame fronts and close proximity of the rotating flame holder to the structural support, an integrated high temperature drive and bearing system was necessary to achieve reliable long term operation. Design space constraints for the rotary hydrogen burner head resulted in a drive and bearing system design that includes 150 mm diameter compliant foil journal bearing supports and an air driven reaction turbine closely integrated with the thrust foil bearings. Drive turbine design, rotor-bearing system dynamic tradeoffs and thermal management in the presence of high axial thermal gradients will be presented along with preliminary testing to design speeds of 7500 rpm (i.e, surface velocity of 100 m/s) under simulated thermal gradients with the rotating assembly face temperature reaching as high as 800°C.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Abstract In 35 years of research and intervention as an 'academic without a university', the author has found intersection with Ortwin Renn's work, benefited from his generous collaborative philosophy and network creation, and learned about the inside/outside polarity of institutional risk governance and the public. This perspective piece is a personal look backward, based on a 46-slide, predominantly visual presentation to the 29 June 2018 Potsdam workshop convened by R. Löfstedt in honor of Renn and attended by 16 colleagues from across Europe and the globe.


For at least 20 years, surface scien tis ts have been promising that their work would lead to a materials science of surface chemis try. Bu t i t is only recen tly, as a result of the developmen t of a varie ty of ne w experimen tal tools , tha t the focus of surface science has turned from "the surface s tructure pro blem," i.e. what a toms are on a s ta tic surface and where they are relative to o ne ano ther, to the mechanis tics of the fundamental processes of surface ch emistr y , such as energy transfer between reactants a nd surfaces, s ticking , dissociation , diffusion , reaction , and desorp tion. The solution of the s tructure pro blem means that i t is no w possi ble to s tudy these processes on a variety of interesting, well-defined, single-crys tal surfaces. In parallel, i t implies that surface theorists need to turn their a tten tion from what have become "conventional" chemisorp tion pro blems to si tuations relevan t to dynamical phenomena on single crystals. The mos t significan t missing ingredi en t in our a bili ty to simulate surface processes , at present, is a predictive u nderstanding of the energy of an adsorp tion sys tem as a func tion of the locations of the surface a toms that are involved. This ar ticle is a discussion of the s ta tus of chemisorp tion theory, aimed at assessing available and developing techniques tha t might provide such an under s tanding. Reflecting the nature of mos t of the relevan t work in this area, the focus is almost exclusively on chemisorp tion on metals. In teractions among adsorba tes and between adsorbates and surfaces are o bvious ly a t the heart of surface physics and chemis try . Surface micro scopies (1-2) as well as o ther surface-sens itive e xperimen ta l techn iques ( 3-


As observed from the last TOP500 list - November 2015 -, GPUs-accelerated clusters emerge as clear evidence. But exploiting such architectures for combinatorial problem resolution remains a challenge. In this context, this paper focuses on the resolution of an academic combinatorial problem, known as Langford pairing problem, which can be solved using several approaches. We first focus on a general solving scheme based on CSP (Constraint Satisfaction Problem) formalism and backtrack called the Miller algorithm. This method enables us to compute instances up to L(2,21) using both CPU and GPU computational power with load balancing. As dedicated algorithms may still have better computation efficiency we took advantage of the Godfrey algebraic method to solve the Langford problem and implemented it using our multiGPU approach. This allowed us to recompute the last open instances, L(2, 27) and L(2, 28), respectively in less than 2 days and 23 days using best-effort computation on the ROMEO supercomputer with up to 500,000 GPU cores.


The conception of rural planning is not yet fixed in our association. So the author will treat the thought and methods of rural planning which may be created by village dwellers themselves. In this respect, the author poses two questions which he had to make by himself. The first is: Are the village dwellers able to make and realize rural plans? The second is: What should the thoughts and methods of rural planning of the village dwellers be? On the first question, recently the problems which can't be resolved without the village dwellers' decisions are increasing rapidly in rural areas. Many of them are land-use problems. After this indication, he concludes that the village dwellers have enough abilities to make and realize rural plans. The reason is that the village structure already includes a system of decision making and responsibility which is necessary for making and realizing rural plans. As a result, rural planning should be made and realized fundamentally by the village dwellers themselves. Concerning the second question, the village dwellers and a self-governing body take over a portion of the functions on rural planning each other. Rural planning should be borne by the village dwellers. However, they do not always have the techniques to make rural plans and the means to realize them. So they cannot bear it perfectly. Therefore, a self-governing body should give assist them with the techniques and means of rural planning.


Some physical characteristics of soils were associated with root development in young oil palms and the presence of bud rots or 'pudrición del cogollo'. The study was conducted in two sites in a commercial oil palm plantation located on the central Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The previous planting had been seriously affected by the disorder locally known as 'flecha seca' (dry spear), which is similar in nature and symptoms to bud rot or 'pudrición del cogollo' as known in other countries of tropical America. Treatments were arranged as a split plot design, where large plots had two types of soils (differing in chemical and physical properties) and small plots differed by the type of tillage done (with or without sub-soiling) Root development was followed by using the profile wall method, excavating a trench facing the plants. The type of root and its spatial arrangement were drawn on a matrix. Data were complemented by extracting soil samples to determine root dry weight and appearance (health) The period following planting was characterized by the formation of mainly primary and secondary roots, which may be an indication that the main impulse of the plant is to get a good anchorage in the soil and send some deep roots to prepare itself for any dry period to come. The development of fine roots during the first months after planting was scarce, however, after a year all plants had developed an important root system comprised of both large and fine roots. Root development occurred in patches, possibly due to a heterogeneous condition of the soil, both in terms of physical and chemical composition. When palms were two years old, most of their fine root systems were located within the first 20 cm of the soil profile. Most of the total root system was found within the first 20-40 cm. The presence of a high and fluctuating water table was associated with a lower density of roots of all categories along the soil profile. A higher resistance to penetration (compaction) in the plot without sub-soiling, was also an important impediment for root proliferation. The presence of soil layers with a resistance to penetration larger than 1.2 MPa resulted negative for root development. A lower fertility, particularly low K and a high Mg/K ration in some soil pockets was also associated with less root proliferation and eventually with a higher incidence of the bud rot condition. The use of 30 plants per treatment was considered enough to detect significant differences (5%) for variable root density when samples were taken with a 'Dutch' auger, but no less than 12 plants should be used in any study of the root system, considering the large variation found between plants. The profile wall method to monitor root development in the soil profile is an effective and reliable methodology for studying the dynamics of oil palm root system. 1 ASD de Costa Rica, firstname.lastname@example.com; ASD consultant, email@example.com; Palma Tica Company, email@example.com


Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L. cv. Baladi) is a winter plant which grows at 20±2°C. It is an important medicinal plant with great therapeutic effect. It is also a natural antioxidant source, it acts as anticancer, has antidiabetic effect, enhances insulin sensitivity, decreases serum total lipids, and decreases serum cholesterol. The objective of the present work is to detect the effect of heat shock on some biochemical and molecular criteria, use thermotolerance mechanism to improve vegetative growth and the active ingredient trigonelline in seed yield of fenugreek. Several thermotolerance mechanisms in fenugreek seedlings were shown through increasing some metabolites as soluble sugars, soluble protein, amino-nitrogen, proline and antioxidant enzymes. Protein and random amplified polymorphicdeoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD-DNA) patterns showed variable qualitative and quantitative changes. Trigonelline and glycine betaine were increased in the seed yield. It can be concluded that, the exposure of germinated fenugreek seeds to different temperatures induce reprogramming of gene expression in a coordinated fashion by changing the metabolism, protein and DNA profiles. These findings may suggest that fenugreek can be introduced in breeding programs to produce tolerant varieties and pave the way for cloning and characterization of underlying genetic factors which could be useful for engineering plants with improved heat tolerance.


A active power filter implemented with multiples of single phase full bridge voltage-source inverters connected in series (known as cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter or binary multilevel VSI) is presented and analyzed in this paper. The proposed active power filter is aimed to compensate harmonics, reactive power, and improvement of power factor in medium and high voltage power distribution systems. A new control scheme is developed to allow the operation of the inverter modules at different voltages and switching frequencies using instantaneous power theory is a simple method to calculate the reference signal for each inverter is proposed. The proposed auto tuned active power filter maintains the THD well within IEEE-519 standards. The results are found to be quite satisfactory to mitigate harmonic Distortions, and improve quality. The detailed simulations are carried out on MATLAB environment to validate the performance. Keywords— Cascaded type multilevel inverter, Active Power Filter (APF), Harmonic Mitigation, load compensation, power factor, power quality (PQ), Proportional-Integral (PI) control.


Two letter to the editor are presented in response to the article "Our Unconscious Mind," by John A. Bargh on how unconscious processes affect decision making.


Today's Internet is facing many problems which did not take into account in its initial design, such as routing scalability, mobility and security. No matter evolutional or revolutionary solutions that are proposed in recent years, a recognized promising direction is to separate customer network from core network and separate identification from location. In this paper, we sketch out an architecture according to this two separations. We employ the tree topology in the core network which is hierarchical and use the Viliant Load-balancing (VLB) structure to compensate its reliability and scalability. Combining with addressing scheme which has one-to-one mapping relationship with it, we can replace routing with switching while sharing the infrastructure with different ISPs. In the customer network, the separation of identification and location making multiple topologies, addressing and routing schemes can be used based on services it provides. The benefits and corresponding details are also discussed in this paper.


The results of orthopedic treatment of 102 (24 men, 78 women) aged 30-69 years with various pathologies of dentitions complicated by decrease in the height of the lower face and dysfunction of TMJ. After a momentary increase of interal-veolar dimension in 3-6 mm of new prostheses, adaptation occurred in 1-1,5 month.


With the in‐depth understanding of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PD‐L1 has become a vital immunotherapy target and a significant biomarker. The clinical utility of detecting PD‐L1 by immunohistochemistry or next‐generation sequencing has been written into guidelines. However, the application of these methods is limited in some circumstances where the biopsy size is small or not accessible, or a dynamic monitor is needed. Radiomics can noninvasively, in real‐time, and quantitatively analyze medical images to reflect deeper information about diseases. Since radiomics was proposed in 2012, it has been widely used in disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis, tumor staging and grading, gene and protein phenotype prediction, treatment plan decision‐making, efficacy evaluation, and prognosis prediction. To explore the feasibility of the clinical application of radiomics in predicting PD‐L1 expression, immunotherapy response, and long‐term prognosis, we comprehensively reviewed and summarized recently published works in NSCLC. In conclusion, radiomics is expected to be a companion to the whole immunotherapy process.


Ballistic and diffusive phonon transport under small time and spatial scales are important in fast‐switching electronic devices and pulsed‐laser processing of materials. The Fourier law represents only diffusive transport and yields an infinite speed for heat waves. Although the hyperbolic heat equation involves a finite heat wave speed, it cannot model ballistic phonon transport in short spatial scales, which under steady state follows the Casimir limit of phonon radiation. An equation of phonon radiative transfer (EPRT) is developed which shows the correct limiting behavior for both purely ballistic and diffusive transport. The solution of the EPRT for diamond thin films not only produces wall temperature jumps under ballistic transport but shows markedly different transient response from that of the Fourier law and the hyperbolic heat equation even for predominantly diffusive transport. For sudden temperature rise at one film boundary, the results show that the Fourier law and the hyperbolic heat equat...


A polyphenol oxidase (o-diphenol oxidase) [o-diphenol: O2 oxidoreductase E. C. 1.10. 3.1] from sweet potato named component IIb was highly purified. The copper content of this enzyme was measured by neutron activation analysis. Samples were analyzed with or without chemical separation after neutron irradiation. The copper content of the enzyme was determined to be 0.27%, and the minimum molecular weight of this enzyme was caluculated to be 23,500.


'Global social witnessing' was originally proposed by Hubl and Ury (2017) and was developed as a practice of "contemplative social cognition" (Singer et al., 2015). Though 'global social witnessing' is applied in various contexts by group facilitators of contemplative practice (Cmind, 2014), the concept has not yet been subjected to thorough research and has not yet arrived at a common scientific understanding and definition, which needs to be addressed throughout the research methodology of applying this concept. This paper aims to propose 'global social witnessing' as an educational tool for awareness-based systems change by highlighting its philosophical and psychological foundations in search of its ethical implications for bearing witness, a term often used in psychotherapy (Orange, 2017). This body of work draws on Emmanuel Levinas's philosophy of relational responsibility, and focuses on transformative, systemic learning. As a consequence, this exploration will hopefully generate further research questions that can serve as focal points for interdisciplinary projects of awareness-based systems change (e.g., philosophy, sociology, psychology, education, neuroscience, and physics).


PURPOSE
To investigate the change in anterior, posterior, and net corneal power more than 18 months after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) by RTVue anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

SETTING
Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

DESIGN
Prospective observational study.

METHODS
PRK was performed using Technolas TENEO 317 laser platform. Anterior, posterior, and net corneal power was measured by the RTVue-XR anterior segment OCT system with the Pachymetry + Cpwr scan pattern at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and >18 (up to 27) months after PRK.

RESULTS
Three hundred and twenty-six eyes of 163 patients (age: 29.71 years [range, 18.5 to 46.5 years), male/female: 61 [37.4%]/102 [62.6%]) were enrolled in this study. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -3.15 ± 1.50 diopter (D) (range: -8.37 to -0.62 D). The mean change in net corneal power was 3.052 D, 3.281 D, 3.324 D, 3.114 D, 3.446 D, and 3.972 D at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and >18 months after surgery compared with baseline, respectively (P<0.001 for all comparisons). The mean change in posterior corneal power at postoperative visits compared with baseline was not statistically significant (P>0.1) except for 1 month after surgery, which increased 0.13 D (P<0.001). Changes in posterior corneal power were not correlated to any of the preoperative clinical and Scheimpflug variables.

CONCLUSIONS
Posterior corneal power did not change for more than 18 months after PRK, except for an early small increase at 1 month postoperatively.


This essay analyzes the importance of the improvement of China's insurance market system of exit based on the relationship between the entry of barriers and the exit of barriers. The essay points out that the effective market exit system would come into being under the opening policy. Only in this way can we have a competitive mechanism and optimize the insurance market structure. And then analyze the develop strategy of our country after the exit system has is set up.


This paper presents operation strategies for a hexapod walking machine that has been designed and built at the Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics LARM at the University of Cassino. Special care has been addressed in proposing and describing a suitable mechanical design and architecture that can be easily operated by a PLC with on--off logic. Experimental tests are reported in order to show feasibility and operational capability of the proposed design.


Optimization of the ejector mixing chamber plays an important role in design of the supersonic ejector.This paper introduces some experimental and numerical results of an experimental supersonic ejector under normal temperature conditions.Several factors affecting the ejecting performance are comparatively analyzed,including different lengths of the contraction,different diameters and lengths of the constant area section and different types of the ejector nozzle.Preliminary study shows that the supersonic ejector efficiency can be greatly improved by means of setting the multi-nozzle ejector.The small diameter of the constant area section can bring good ejecting performance.The length of the contraction affects the mixing performance of the active and passive flows.The length of the constant area section affects the start-up performance.So the design of the mixing chamber should be done according to the type of the ejector.


We consider planar steady-state flows of an ideal perfect gas around wing profiles. Subsonic free-stream velocity exceeds critical value that leads to the arising local supersonic zones probably containing shock waves. We establish some properties of supercritical flows in the assumption that the corresponding boundary value problem is well-posed in the class of discontinuous flows. We use a notion a "wellstreamlined airfoil" as the synonym of a separation-free flow. We prove that the Chaplygin-Zhukovskii-Kutta condition is necessary and sufficient for the profile to be well-streamlined. We establish some asymptotical properties of the velocity in the neighborhood of the trailing edge of the profile. We prove that the shock wave cannot intersect the profile contour. We formulate an approach to designing weak-supercritical flows without shock waves. AMS subject classification: 35Q35.


The article analyses the prospects of sociodemographic development in the regions of the Central Black Earth economic region in the context of modern challenges and threats. It is noted that demographic processes today are significantly transformed under the influence of a complex of negative factors, including COVID-19 pandemic, special military operation, digitalization, etc. It is noted that these factors are ambivalent for demographic development (they can become a white swan or a black swan for demography). It is not yet clear how they will affect life expectancy, migration, employment, and employability, and the reproductive attitudes of citizens. Everything depends on how the situation develops and how effective the measures, in particular state and municipal policy in the sphere of demographic development, will be.


The present invention provides a communication apparatus and a control method, the communication device includes a wireless communication unit, wherein the wireless communication unit for wireless communication with the wireless device and is not supplied from the power source for the wireless communication unit to when the electric power, from the wireless communication unit included in the read data memory. The communication device specifies the target data stored in the storage in the memory from the data managed by the communication device. The communication device then stores the specified data objects stored in the memory. The communication device in a state where no power is supplied from the power source to the wireless communication unit, is read out by the wireless communication unit data stored in the memory, and outputs the data read out to the wireless devices.


Objective To study the inhibitory effect of PEG-PLA-paclitaxel conjugate micelles nanometer particle against lewis lung cancer.Methods PEG-PLA-paclitaxel conjugate micelles nanometer particle was generated by dialysis and its physicochemical characteristicss were evaluated by dynamic laser light scattering(DLS) and scanning electron microscope(SEM).Antitumor activities against lewis lung cancer cells were evaluated by MTT method.Results The nanometer particle assumed a spherical shape and had a unimodal size distribution.It had a sustained antitumor activity against lewis lung cancer cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Conclusion PEG-PLA-paclitaxel conjugate nanometer particle had a sustained antitumor activity against lewis lung cancer cells similarto paclitaxel.It can be used as a new fargeted therapy for lung cancer.


In this paper, the first analytical model to compute the dispersion of the double-corrugated waveguide for THz vacuum devices is presented. The model is based on the definition of voltage profile between two pillars in a single period. The comparison of the model with 3D electromagnetic simulation demonstrates the validity of the approach.


Virtually all of today's organizations store their data in huge databases to retrieve, manipulate and share them in an efficient way. Due to the popularity of databases for storing important and critical data, they are becoming subject to an overwhelming range of threats, such as unauthorized access. Such a threat can result in severe financial or privacy problems, as well as other corruptions. To tackle possible threats, numerous security mechanisms have emerged to protect data housed in databases. Among the most successful database security mechanisms is database encryption. This has the potential to secure the data at rest by converting the data into a form that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized persons. Many encryption algorithms have been proposed, such as Transposition-Substitution-Folding-Shifting encryption algorithm (TSFS), Data Encryption Standard (DES), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithms. Each algorithm has advantages and disadvantages, leaving room for optimization in different ways. This paper proposes enhancing the TSFS algorithm by extending its data set to special characters, as well as correcting its substitution and shifting steps to avoid the errors occurring during the decryption process. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm, as it has outperformed the well-established benchmark algorithms, DES and AES, in terms of query execution time and database added size.


Glycerol is an eco-friendly solvent enhancing plant-biomass decomposition through a glycerolysis process in many pretreatment methods. Nonetheless, the lack of efficient conversion of glycerol by natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae restrains many of these scenarios. Here we outline the complete strategy for the generation of efficient glycerol fermenting yeast by rewriting the oxidation of cytosolic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by O2-dependent dynamic shuttle while abolishing both glycerol phosphorylation and biosynthesis pathways. By following a vigorous glycerol oxidative pathway, the engineered strain demonstrated augmentation in conversion efficiency (CE) reach up to 0.49g-ethanol/g-glycerol—98% of theoretical conversion—with production rate >1 g/L-1h-1 when supplementing glycerol as a single fed-batch on a rich-medium. Furthermore, the engineered strain showed a new capability toward ferment a mixture of glycerol and glucose with producing >86 g/L of bioethanol with 92.8% of the CE. To our knowledge, this is the highest ever reported titer in this regard. Notably, this strategy flipped our ancestral yeast from non-growth on glycerol, on the minimal medium, to a fermenting strain with productivities 0.25-0.5 g/L-1h-1 and 84-78% of CE, respectively and 90% of total conversions to the products. The findings in metabolic engineering here may release the limitations of utilizing glycerol in several eco-friendly biorefinery approaches. IMPORTANCE With the avenues for achieving efficient lignocellulosic biorefinery scenarios, glycerol gained keen attention as an eco-friendly biomass-derived solvent for enhancing the dissociation of lignin and cell wall polysaccharides during pretreatment process. Co-fermentation of glycerol with the released sugars from biomass after the glycerolysis expands the resource for ethanol production and release from the burden of component separation. Titer productivities are one of the main obstacles for industrial applications of this process. Therefore, the generation of highly efficient glycerol fermenting yeast significantly promotes the applicability of the integrated biorefineries scenario. Besides, the glycerol is an important carbon resource for producing chemicals. Hence, the metabolic flux control of yeast from glycerol contributes to generation of cell factory producing chemicals from glycerol, promoting the association between biodiesel and bioethanol industries. Thus, this study will shed light on solving the problems of global warming and agricultural wastes, leading to establishment of the sustainable society.


FDA and Sanofi-Aventis on June 17 announced the approval of cabazitaxel, in combination with prednisone, to treat androgen-independent prostate cancer in men who have already received docetaxel.

The agency declared this new therapy the first treatment available to patients whose advanced, hormone-