This study is an extension of Helpman et al. (2004); it is based on a three-country model (two Northern countries and one Southern country) and aims to examine the relationships among the following five organizational regimes: (i) a domestic firm with a plant in a North sells a good domestically, (ii) an export firm with a plant in a Northern country sells a good domestically and exports it to another Northern country, (iii) a horizontal FDI firm has a plant in each of two Northern countries and both sell a good to both the markets, (iv) a platform FDI firm has a plant in a Southern country exports a good to both the Northern markets, and (v) a multi-production-local FDI firm has one plant in a Northern country to serve own and another plant in a Southern country to export a good to another Northern country. Additionally, I discuss the increasingly important issues associated with communication costs. The model shows that all the organizational regimes of firms can coexist in a scenario wherein communication costs are lesser than transportation costs and a pair of high/low transportation costs and low/high wage levels in a Southern country holds. Moreover, I analyze the effect of a reduction in both costs on welfare, under equilibrium where all regimes coexist. A numerical exercise reveals that transportation costs have a larger impact on welfare. This result stems from the fact that a decrease in transportation costs increase the share of firms engaging in foreign activities. However, a decline in communication costs benefits only high productive firms.


Objective To investigate the value of mucin, specific gravity (SG) and ferritin(PFt) in the differentiation of exudate and transudate in pleural and abdominal cavity.Methods Mucin (Rivalta test), SG and PFt (micro particle enzyme immunoassay) were determined in 98 hydrothorax and ascites samples.Results According to the measured values of mucin and SG, 55 were exudate, 15 were transudate and 28 were uncertain. PFt levels were significantly higher in exudate than in transudate (P0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PFt in the differentiation of exudate and transudate were higher than those of routine method.Conclusions PFt measurement is helpful in distinguishing between exudate and transudate, but it is more useful in the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation if mucin and SG are also measured.


Summary Plating media of different pH were studied as to effects on enumeration of pasteurization-resistant bacteria in milk. After heat treatment, thermoduric bacteria were more tolerant of pH levels above rather than below 7, and maximum mean thermoduric counts were obtained at pH 7.5. There were some exceptions, but usually the pH levels that yielded the highest counts also produced the largest and most easily discernible colonies. Pure cultures of thermoduric bacteria grew over a much wider range of pH before than they did after laboratory pasteurization. Results indicate that, although seemingly adequate for enumeration in raw milk, the medium pH currently recommended for the standard plate count may not be satisfactory for the determination of the maximum viable bacteria population of pasteurized milk.


These comments on the Schaufeli and Van Ypersen (1993) article on success and failure in the labor market consider the generalizability of their results across different samples and cultures. They also consider the need to move beyond empirical studies that are primarily concerned with identifying predictor variables to theory-drive studies that tie research on unemployment into existing or new theoretical frameworks, thereby providing order and meaning to the findings from unemployment research.


Coronavirus or Covid-19 is a contagious infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus or a new type of coronavirus. Covid-19 stands for Corona (CO), Virus (VI), Disease (D, disease) which was discovered in 2019. This is greatly influenced by the clean and healthy lifestyle of the community. For people who are still indifferent to the coronavirus, therefore the movement for a healthy lifestyle in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic needs to be carried out a lifestyle that pays attention to all aspects of health conditions, starting from food and drinks, nutrition consumed, and our daily behavior, both it's in an exercise routine that will certainly maintain health conditions and will also avoid all things that can cause disease for our bodies, especially health is what we all desire. Thus, socialization of productive movements and healthy lifestyles such as implementing 5M as a solution is carried out. With this socialization, the public is aware of the importance of health during the pandemic so as not to transmit the danger of the coronavirus


This qualitative study was to study the subject of theoretical knowledge practical
occupational hazards is / the nurse / or Emergency Unit of two public hospitals.
The method used was descriptive. The scenario was the Regional Hospital of
Trujillo and Victor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital - in the emergency service. The
sample was determined by the saturation method and consisted of eleven
nurses with a minimum of six months of work experience in the emergency unit.
The technique used was the interview, which was recorded, prior informed
consent, the results concluded in four categories: Risk and Physical Resources,
Risk and Human Resources; Securing Human Care in risks, uncertainties and
lifestyles. The / these participants showed scientific knowledge - Practical on
occupational hazards and diseases, highlighting the biological and
environmental risks, without regard to the mechanical, physical, psychosocial
and ergonomic, not to mention chemical risks. Also found similarities and
differences in these four categories of these two hospitals


In this article the author analyzes the problem of the use of competency-based approach to high-quality training of guides-interpreters. The competencies of the guide-interpreter are also described.


The Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) neural network is a novel method for the cell formation problem in group technology (GT). The advantages of using an ART network over other conventional methods are its fast computation and the outstanding ability to handle large scale industrial problems. One weakness of this approach is that the quality of a grouping solution is highly dependent on the initial disposition of the machine-part incidence matrix especially in the presence of bottleneck machines and/or bottleneck parts. The effort of this paper has been aimed at alleviating the above mentioned problem by the introduction of a set of supplementary procedures. The advantages of the supplementary procedures are demonstrated by 40 examples from the literature. The results clearly demonstrate that our algorithm is more reliable and efficient in cases of ill-structured data.


The aim of this conceptual investigation is to reclaim the ethics of teaching through a critical examination of some ricent accounts of good practice in teaching and byadvancing an alternative account. Many recent accounts of good practice focus on concepts such f) as professionalism, competence and reflective practice. In some of these accounts, the ethical dimension of teaching is central and explicit; in others, it is only implicit; in yet others, it is distorted or even ignored,^ This inattention to ethics in theoretical accounts is paralleled in practice by teachers1 failure to understand teaching as a moral enterprise, as is exemplified by responses of teachers to some of the teaching problems that they encounter. This research gives an alternative account of teaching as a practice through using Alasdair MacIntyre's conception of a practice. Key term in MacIntyre's conception are internal and external goods, standards of excellence and virtue. It is shown that the acquisition of the goods internal rather than the goods external to teaching is necessary but not sufficient for a flourishing pratciŝ ice "of teaching. The conception of teaching as a practice is also used in this investigation to ^reflect on the roles / ' ' I) r ' (I ^ of teachers as specified by the new Norms and Standards I 0 ■ : Teacher Education in South Africa, v If well understood, the roles of teachers are not made up of mere lists of tasks and competences. The notion of teachers' roles opens the way for reclaiming an ethics of teaching.


The rapid development of science and technology has created the miracle of worldwide economy,meanwhile,it also led to the unprecedented destroying to the resources and environment in the world,thus the human and ecological environment are seriously threatened.Conducting the construction of ecological gardens and realizing the maximal ecological benefit of ornamental plants in their application just are the important components of protecting ecological safety and maintaining ecological heath.


Double Indemnity is regarded as a classic film noir, an archetypal demonstration of all those traits that came to the foreground in post-world War II Hollywood crime melodrama: highly stylised low-key lighting, circular or convoluted narrative, and a atmosphere of corruption in which violence, paranoia, and obsessive desire hold. It also constructed a classic femme fatale. She resides in ambiguity of her active sexuality, her narrative agency, her visual centrality and the problematic nature of this sexual power. She is a textual fantasy demonstrates symptom of male fears about feminism. This paper is going to unfold the presentation on sexuality through psychoanalytical readings.


Urban Space is a fair folded movement by individuals. In urban space, such movement is crossed and generate new experiences. Architecture is intimate with urban and urban flow infiltrating architecture an be considered as networked movement. The aspect connecting with urban and architecture can be diversificately appear. The form and system of element connecting is more important than element itself. How to network with material, person, information is the important point of view. Generating movement as architecture and urban are connected is not the dimension of control of movemet lines, but can be interpretated as media inter-changing and regenerating information. The object of this study is to interpretate the networking process with urban and architecture by movement and to study costructing process by this movement and the movement's extensive meaning.


Abstract Wedman, Ingemar 1978. Selection Based upon Conventional Data and Value Judgements. A Comparison of Three Methods for Selection. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 22, 65‐82. Three different selection methods are discussed and compared. One of these, 'A predictive system of selection based on qualitative judgements', makes use not only of conventional data but also of subjective judgements. The other two methods are the proportional system of selection and the predictive system of selection based on strict regression analysis. Fictitious data based on the situation of selection to higher education in Sweden are presented to illustrate some of the effects of the three selection methods. These methods may have quite different effects on whom to accept or reject. Finally, some comments are given on selection in general and on the method based on qualitative judgements in particular.


NURAENI. 2015. 8223128299. Pengaruh Brand Image Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Honda Beat F1 (Studi Pada Dealer Honda Nusantara Baru Motor). Study Program Of D-III Marketing Management. Fakulty Of Economic. State University Of Jakarta.
This paper was made in order to know whether brand image has influence on purchasing decisions Honda Beat F1 motorcycle at Nusantara Baru Motor. Brand image as independent variable and purchasing decisions as dependent variable. Brand image dimensions are product attributes, benefits for consumers, and personality. As for while purchasing decision dimensions are measured by the introduction of the problem, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchasing decision and post-purchase behavior when buying a products. The method used in this paper is descriptive analysis and statical inference with data collection method are through library research and questionnaires.
The results shows brand image has influence on purchasing decision Honda Beat F1 motorcycle at Nusantara Baru Motor.


This present study demonstrates the utilization of an electro‐optic modulator (EOM) to actively Q‐switch the pulses produced by an all‐polarization‐maintaining (all‐PM) erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) laser (all‐PM‐EDF laser). Electrical sine waves that produced steady microsecond pulses at 1552 nm were used to power the 10 GHz bandwidth EOM. By altering the frequency of the external modulation signal and the power of the input pump, the width of the pulses produced by the all‐PM‐EDF laser (4 μs) could be further decreased to 2.6 μs. When the modulation frequency of the all‐PM‐EDF laser was 15 kHz, the highest pulse energy that it produced (145 nJ) corresponded to its highest power output (52 mW). Therefore, sources of single‐polarization pulsed lasers that are significantly resistant to mechanical and temperature disturbances can be designed by merging the configuration of an all‐PM with an EOM.


Given the importance of proximity for knowledge spillovers, we examine firms' location choices expecting differences in firms' strategies. Firms will locate to maximize their net spillovers as a function of locations' knowledge activity, their own capabilities, and competitors' anticipated actions. Using new entrants into the United States from 1985 to 1994, we find that firms favor locations with academic innovative activity. Other results highlight differences in firms' location strategies suggesting that firms consider not only gains from inward knowledge spillovers but also the possible cost of outward spillovers. While less technologically advanced firms favor locations with high levels of industrial innovative activity, technologically advanced firms choose only locations with high levels of academic activity and avoid locations with industrial activity to distance themselves from competitors.


Advocates of 'reader response' approaches to literary criticism defend the idea that an individual reader's understanding of a text can be a factor in determining the meaning of what is written in that text, and hence must play a part in determining the very identity conditions of works of literary art. We examine some accounts that have been given of the type of readerly 'competence' that a reader must have in order for her responses to a text to play this sort of constitutive role. We argue that the analogy drawn by Stanley Fish and Jonathan Culler between literary and linguistic competence is philosophically flawed and explanatorily unfruitful, and that a better way of understanding the notion of literary competence can be constructed by appeal to some limitation results in formal logic and computability theory.


Tayloria rudolphiana is documented in Altai Mountains, Russia as the first occurrence in North Asia. Previously this species was known in a limited range in Central Europe in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, where it at present is critically endangered to vulnerable. There are two disjunctive localities in China, a recent one in Hubei and a hundred year old collection in Yunnan. Our finding in Altai, in spruce forests in middle mountain zone in moderate abundance is important for assessment of the species conservation status. Molecular barcoding data of the plastid rps4 and trnL–F sequences support the species identity.


death offered uniformly positive reports of Concord's sage (276). Later biographers emphasized Emerson's "adaptations" of the thinking ofworld famous philosophers such as Plato, Coleridge, and Goethe (277). The psychological portrait of Emerson, published by Professor Stephen Whicher in 1953, still remains influential today. Bosco argues that "serious study" remains to be completed on the part of Emerson's late career that has been lost to the "present generation" mostly due to Whicher's influence of valuing only Emerson's work from the period 1830-1860 (277-79, 283). Fortunately the new volume, The Later Lectures ofRalph WaUh Emerson, 1843— 1871 will include lectures from the final productive decade of his life. Scholars may question the extent of the editing performed by the Emerson family because of Emerson's aphasia. However, cautions regarding the editing may be brought out without causing the work to be disregarded. The scholars who contributed to The Historical Guide have enriched the read-


The most widely used actions and decisions of the real-world tasks frequently appear as hierarchical systems. To deal with these systems, the multi-level programming problem presents the most flourished technique. However, practical situations involve some the impreciseness regarding some decisions and performances; RST provides a vital role by considering the lower and upper bounds of any aspect of uncertain decision. By preserving the advantages of it, in the present study, solving fully rough multi-level quadratic programming problems over the variables, parameters of the objective functions, and the constraints such as rough intervals are focused on. The proposed approach incorporates the interval method, slice-sum method, Frank and Wolfe algorithm, and the decomposition algorithm to reach optimal values as rough intervals. The proposed is validated by an illustrative example, and also environmental-economic power dispatch is investigated as a real application. Finally, the proposed approach is capable of handling the fully rough multi-level quadratic programming models.


A mare with swelling at back of cannon above the fetlock of left hind limb was diagnosed as superficial digital flexor tendinitis (bowed tendon). It resulted from partial rupture of fibers of tendon due to sudden strain. After application of cold pack, owner was advised to rest the mare by restricting movement and leg supported with pressure bandage. It was therapeutically treated with Isoflupredone acetate, Meloxicam and Ceftriaxone. There was complete recovery within a month without any drop in milk for suckling foal.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease that affects patients with a loss of speech and mobility. The aim of this study was to describe patients' experiences of living with ALS in the end-of-life situations. A manifest content analysis was chosen for analysis narratives from four biographies by women who had ALS. The categories Suffering, Meaningfulness, and Experiences of a Limited life were identified as describing patients' understanding of living with ALS. Nurses need to be trained in communication skills to maintain human dignity for patients who lost their speech regarding an intellect in shape. There is a need for information among family members about severe diseases, such as ALS, to improve high quality of care and well-being for all involved. Home health care has to invite and facilitate patients' and relatives' participation regarding the end-of-care processes to improve a sense of coherence to handle everyday life situation in the future.


The author begins by introducing 15th century Portuguese printed books and questions concerning Hebrew and Christian typographies. The town of Faro is still considered today to be the birthplace of printing in Portugal since it was there that in 1487 Samuel Gacon printed the Pentateuco. From 1487 to 1496 fourteen incunabula came off Hebrew printing presses in the Jewish communities of Faro, Lisbon and Leiria. Until the 1960s it was commonly believed that Christian typography only began seven years after the start of Hebrew typography. However knowledge in the second half of the 20 th century of copies of previously unknown editions like the Tratado de confissom (Chaves, 1489) has changed the extant chronology and has opened up new lines of enquiry for the study of the printed books in Portugal. Introducing the 16 th century, the author shows how typographic activity was kept almost exclusively in the city of Lisbon with printers coming from Germany, Italy, France and Spain. Books were printed predominantly in Gothic but during the 1530s roman and italic characters began to be used. With the University functioning in Coimbra from 1537 and in Evora from 1559, these cities rapidly became centres of typographic production outside Lisbon. At the end of the 1530s national printers began to assert themselves and in the second half of the 16 th century, typographic production more than quadrupled. It was at this time that some of the most important works relating to Portuguese expansion in the world were published and that the Portuguese took the art of typography, encouraged particularly by the Jesuit missionaries, to the Asian ter- ritories of India, China and Japan.


Objective To investigate the clinical features and treatment principles of craniocerebral injury induced by missile projectiles in peacetime.Methods The characteristics of injury and treatment methods were reviewed retrospectively in 46 cases with craniocerebral injury induced by missile projectiles in peacetime.In all of these cases,there were 9 cases of non-perforating wounds,36 cases of blind tract wounds,1 case of tangential wound.No cases of penetrating wound,1 case of craniocerebral firearm wound with chest trauma,2 cases with hemorrhagic shock,3 cases with eyeball damage.Results The outcomes were as follows: good 31 cases(67.39%),moderately disabled 12 cases(26.08%),severely diabled 2 cases(4.13%),1 case died,and 1 case with perforating wound of brain stem was cured.Conclusion To decrease the morbidity and mortality and improve the cure standards,it is very important to debride thoroughly as early as possible,pay attention to reduce the complications,select the right methods of operation according to the conditions of bullet or bullet fragment stagnated intracalvarium.


A small number of Catholics seek to keep away from the liturgical reform achieved after the last council. Now they claim that a double discipline should be allowed, considering the former and the latter rites as equally lawful ; now they suspect the lawfulness of the latter, as they regard the reform as having been unfaithful to the Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium. Herein is some incoherence, and one may point out other deficiencies in the closeness of arguing. A diversity of traditions compatible with the unity of the Church requires that none of them should be founded on the least possible distrust towards another one. Besides, asserting that liturgical books will be revised unquestionably means that the new editions ought to be substituted to the former. As for the use of the 1962 missal being in some cases conceded «ex indulto», this does show which is the common legislation lawfully established.


A novel synthetic entry to 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes based on a copper(I)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling of amino-tethered trichloroacetamides and unsaturated nitriles, esters and alkenes, as well as enol acetates, is described. A study of the reaction conditions and the scope of the process is reported.


During the last decade there has been an increasing emphasis on compliance to ever stricter environmental laws as well as compliance to regulations that have been designed to protect workers from exposure to toxic or otherwise harmful substances or processes. This world-wide emphasis has forced a continuing review of materials and processes used in the manufacture and protection of compressor materials from corrosion. Turbine compressors have been coated with silicone aluminum paint, diffused nickel cadmium and aluminum pigmented ceramic coatings that contain hexavalent chromium. These three processes utilize various chemicals including toxic substances, carcinogens and volatile organic compounds (VOC). All three of the coating processes need to be either made compliant or eliminated from use. This paper will review efforts that have been made to develop compliant aluminum ceramic compressor coating materials as applied to various steel and stainless steel substrates. In all cases the new materials that have been developed are free of toxic or carcinogenic materials. Test results will be compared to specification requirements for chrome containing compressor coatings in the area of physical properties including surface finish, thickness and adhesion. Additionally, environmental test data will be presented based on standard test methods that compare new compliant coatings with conventional chrome containing materials. Finally, process steps and conditions will be described for these new coatings.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


DSS data of Bohai Bay profile was processed in August 2011 and the result obtained in this paper and the results of other profiles,which cross this profile,were interpreted comprehensively in this paper. The DSS data were calculated and interpreted synthetically using 1-D and 2-D processing techniques in order to find out the basic features of 2-D velocity structures,spatial distribution of faults,geological structure of shallow and deep crust in the southwest margin of Bohai Bay and adjacent areas. The result shows that obvious layered structure appears along the profile,and the crustal velocity structures in different regions have obvious heterogeneity in the lateral and vertical directions. The crystalline basement near the Bohai Bay is gradually thinning southwestwards,and beneath the 220km Stake, the depth of G interface is 7. 4km. The thickness of the middle layer varies greatly,with the change range up to 4. 0km. The crustal depth varies relatively moderately,with a change range of about 2. 0km. The Moho deepens gradually from coastal area to the inland along the southwest direction.


In this paper, a class of all-metal cavity-backed slot array employing multiple layers, corporate-feed waveguide network, and coaxial-to-ridged waveguide transition is proposed. The frequency band flexibility of this class of array with a fixed aperture is demonstrated using the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) technique. Given a fixed aperture, the nominal design operating at 15 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of around 10% can be easily modified to shift the operating frequency from 10.25 to 19.8 GHz. For verification, two designs operating at 10.25–11.8 and 16.9–19.8 GHz, respectively, are described and fabricated using the DMLS technique in AlSi10Mg. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, which validated the design procedures and proved the reliability of using the DMLS technique to fabricate this class of antenna.


The study was carried out to assess the socio-demographic and clinical variables in typhoid infection in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Such parameters as age, sex, occupation and places of residence as well as the prescription pattern for typhoid treatment were evaluated. This retrospective, non experimental study involved the collection of case records (files) of patients admitted in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria for typhoid fever for a five-year period. Retrieval of the data was done manually. A total of 118 cases were analyzed, some of the records required for analysis were missing, and were excluded. Most of the typhoid infections studied (66.5%) occurred during the rainy season in Zaria (May – November) with 40.7% of cases at the beginning of the rainy season (May/June). More females (55.3%), of all age and occupational groups were affected with higher incidences in young adults and students. Most of the patients (66.5%) were urban dwellers and the incidence between patients using well water and tap water was similar. Ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics; chloramphenicol use is still relatively common despite the 12.4% mortality and 28% relapse rate recorded. The findings of this study highlight the public health and social services challenges of typhoid infection in the Zaria metropolis. Communities, health authorities and governments should therefore focus more attention on preventive measures in view of the high costs of these newer antibiotics which now form the core of treatment of typhoid fever. Most patients will find this treatment modality unaffordable, taking into cognizance the socioeconomic environment of Zaria.


A succession of inter-salt non-sandstones occurs on a wide range of scales in the Palaeogene Qianjiang Formation in the Qianjiang depression,Jianghan salt lake basin.The present paper deals,in detail,with the distribution,type,mineralogy,geochemistry and genesis of the dolostones in the inter-salt non-sandstones from the basin.The inter-salt dolostones dominated by micritic dolostones are characterized by complex mineral compositions,lower ordering degree,rich Fe and Na and high Fe/Mn ratios,and thus interpreted as the products deposited in the sedimentary environment of salt lake basin during the primary-penecontemporaneous stages.


The invention together relates to a method for obtaining a feature map from the plurality of feature maps generated from the different light amount, - the main feature space of each feature map comprising the steps of: normalizing the characteristic map on the basis of the respective theoretical maximum time amount and, and map competition step, - an intra-intra-selecting the map competition with inter-map redundancy term - the inter-map redundancy term intra-sum of - a function of the map probability that a site that appears in the product of the competitive characteristics maps Im includes a map competition step-inter is based on. Amount of time, the feature maps, normalized, the intra-map, inter-map


Threading dislocations (TDs) in a HVPE-grown c-plane (0001) GaN single crystal were analyzed by micro Raman spectroscopy mapping. The mapping image exhibited the pairs of higher and lower wavenumber regions of E 2 H peak shift of GaN, which corresponded to the compressive and tensile strains due to TDs. By comparing X-ray topography and etch pit images, the contrasts are considered as the edge component of TDs. By analyzing the existing 290 TDs in 80 × 80 μm2, the directions of the contrast were mainly dominant toward 〈 10 1 ¯ 0 〉 . A few brighter contrasts toward 〈 11 2 ¯ 0 〉 were also observed. These TDs are affiliated with Burgers vectors b = a / 3 〈 11 2 ¯ 0 〉 , and b = a 〈 0 1 ¯ 10 〉 , respectively. Judging from experimental and simulated result, it is confirmed that the contrast in the Raman mapping image of the b = a 〈 0 1 ¯ 10 〉 has a larger magnitude than the b = a / 3 〈 11 2 ¯ 0 〉 .


This is a case report of spontaneous deep arterial thromboembolism in a 17-year-old girl who had no history of trauma thrombophlebitis or cardiac lesion. She had been given Ovulen (.5 mg ethynodiol diacetate and .1 mg mestranol combined) for dysmenorrhea. On the seventh day of the second cycle she was hospitalized for a cold pale and numb left lower leg and foot. Arteriogram revealed 2 arterial occlusions one in the profunda femoris and the other in the distal popliteal artery. Although an operative arteriogram showed a normal arterial tree only the popliteal embolus could be removed. Apparently a saddle embolus must have caught on the bifurcation of the common femoral artery and a fragment passed down the profunda femoris with the bulk of the embolus getting trapped in the popliteal. The patient improved on heparin therapy for 8 days and dicoumarin for another month.


It has been found that wheel wear rate (WWR) and surface finish is adversely affected in order to improve the material removal rate (MRR) in electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG) process. Therefore, simultaneous optimisation of above three responses is always desired. This research paper presents the modelling and multi-objective optimisation of EDDG using AI-based hybrid ANN-GA approach. The effect of wheel grit size has also been considered along with electrical parameters such as peak current, pulse-on time and pulse-off time. The significant control parameters for different responses have been found and effect of their variation has been discussed. The developed ANN models for different responses have been found reliable with negligible prediction errors. The optimisation results show considerable improvement of 97% in MRR with marginal increase in WWR and surface roughness.


The High Level Architecture (HLA) has been recognized as the common standard of the distributed Interactive Simulation. It can provide different communication modes to different simulation applications. This issue was analyzed, and a good solution was brought forward: putting SRTP (Selectively Reliable Transport Protocol) between RTI (Runtime Infrastructure) and Internet, using it to call UDP service, providing RTI with flexible communication services. The GMU- SRTP program was transplanted to Windows and its efficiency was improved, and the SRTP program-ICA-SRTP was developed.


The new research reported in this special issue of Fisheries Oceanography expands our understanding of the Aleutian Archipelago ecosystem. Yet our knowledge remains very limited, while the use of this ecosystem for commercial activities, recreation and other purposes expands. Given this situation, how can we sustain the ecosystem services (food, fuel, fibers as well as spiritual, recreational, educational and other nonmaterial benefits to society) of this region? The region has a mixed history; healthy populations of many species exist, but so do species extinctions (e.g. Steller sea cow, Hydrodamalis gigas) and population depletions, including the sea otter (Enhydra lutris), Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), whiskered auklets (Aethia pygmaea), Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus), and red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus), associated with human impacts. The solution to our limited knowledge in this poorly studied region is increased funding for ecosystem research, including its responses to climate change and human impacts. Knowledge is not sufficient, however; a change in management approach is also needed. We emphasize the need to maintain a broader set of ecosystem services objectives rather than the traditional narrower focus on commercial fishery yields. To do so, we recommend the development of an integrated ecosystem services management plan for the Aleutian Islands. Such a plan requires that state and federal regulatory agencies


The Valencian Community has been a leader in sea and beach tourism for several years. In this regard, since the 60s, a kind of building has proliferated along the coastline, usually called "apartment buildings", which is described as second residence building located in plurifamiliar blocks. This kind of residential tourism, along with the various Real Estate booms suffered in the Valencian coast, has meant that there has been a considerable increase in buildings of this type in the last forty years. The review of reinforced concrete regulations from the sixties and the establishment of building tradition shows that not enough attention has been paid to the effect of the marine environment in the durability of these buildings, which has favored the existence of concrete structures with innapropiate reinforced coatings. The study of the orographic and climatic features and the urban growth typology, among others, has enabled the analysis of 62 cities located on the Valencian Community coastline. In these cities an extensive housing stock of second homes buildings in plurifamiliar blocks proliferates, which is the kind of building that this Doctoral Thesis analyses. From a bibliographic review on the factors that cause the most common damage to structural elements subjected to the action of the marine environment, a proposal is developed to determine their level of exposure to marine atmosphere. The most widely studied variables have been: location along the coastline, age of the building stock (divided by periods of special relevance) and type of urban growth. It has been done a detailed study of the structural characteristics showed on the second-home buildings located in urban areas on the Mediterranean coast. This study ranges from 1968 to 2007, resorting to several sources, including: government agencies, implementation projects written in different periods, building tradition, surveys and interviews with professionals with experience in the area, visual inspection, etc. From all the information processed, a catalog of the urban areas of the Valencian coast is made according to the "health" of the buildings, in order to determine, more specifically, the vulnerability they present against aggressive agents. An in-depth study of the level of exposure of the housing stock is developed on a selection of 15 locations (urban areas) that are representative of casuistry found in 62 villages of the Valencian coast. From the study and weighting of influence variables, these village are cataloged by means of some vulnerability factors. To check the reliability of the hypothesis made, we proceed to test it through a "case study". Further in-depth study is made to know the vulnerability of a particular building using the general methodology and contrasting it with technical data. The building shows severe damage in different structural elements where information about the type and level of damage is obtained. The study includes a visual inspection, on-site tests, laboratory tests and microstructural analysis. Generally, it is possible to confirm that in the design-construction of the buildings on the Valencian coast, there has not been taken into consideration the vulnerability linked to the area where the property is located, following instead the building tradition in the region of Valencia where the type of exposure to the marine environment was not contemplated. This situation has resulted in a significant level of damage in these urban areas. On the other hand, many of the actions taken have not considered the most important causal agent in this kind of environment: the chloride ion, focusing on the effect of carbonation of concrete and repairs based on partial cleaning of the rebar. It is probably for this reason that many buildings have had to be subjected to repeated interventions and even needed costly structural interventions. This disertation aims to provide information on the vulnerability of this type of buildings and the attack process to adapt the kind of intervention to be performed to these buildings in the most appropriate way.


This paper considers the problem of stabilizing networked control systems by taking quantization and packet losses together. A relationship is derived between the packet losses, quantization and the norm of the transition matrix of the open-loop system, which guarantees that global asymptotic stabilization can be achieved. The corresponding stabilizing control strategy is presented. Finally, the numerical example and simulations have shown the validity of the developed strategy.


The U.S. Geological Survey has been preparing and maintaining a library of standard reference water samples for inorganic constituents for 19 years. Recently, a pilot study was conducted to see if the reference-sample program could be expanded to include pesticides and other organic materials. Two samples containing organochlorine and organophosphorus insecticides, and chlorophenoxy acid herbicides were distributed to a number of laboratories in the United States. One of the samples also contained polychlorinated biphenyls. Interlaboratory data obtained from these round robin studies are presented with intralaboratory information on long-term stability.


Objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the radiological evidence of emphysema, and the extent of interstitial involvement, on lung function and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP).


A network model to minimize the flow of resources through the network has been developed. This study presents an optimal solution to this problem and adds the optimality proof for Kahn and Lewis's algorithm. Furthermore the optimality of this problem is demonstrated by its linear programming formulation


A review on chemistry, biological functions, and phylogenetic significance of pygidial gland constituents of Hydradephaga is presented. Apart from remarks on the co-occurring prothoracic defensive glands and the morphology of pygidial glands, both functional significances of pygidial gland components as antimicrobics and modi of gland depletion within different beetle taxa are discussed. Wetting properties of gland constituents and observations of the cleaning behavior of beetles on the watersurface indicate that these compounds probably are involved in changing the wettability of the beetle integument. Seasonal quantitative fluctuations were found to be mainly due to biochemical age differences and a seasonally fluctuating age structure of the population. Chemotaxonomic results with respect to pygidial gland constituents are in favour of an isolated position of Hygrobiidae and Gyrinidae. Remaining water beetles were found to sequester mainly aromatic compounds and are subdivided in a phenylacetic acid group (Hydroporinae, Noteridae, Haliplidae), a benzoic acid-hydroxybenzaldehyde group (Dytiscinae, Colymbetinae), the Copelatini with a chemically intermediate position, and the Laccophilinae, which are either distinctly separated from other "aromatic" beetles or show affinities to the Colymbetinae. It has been shown that comparative chemical analysis of gland constituents may be valuable in constructing phylogenetic trees, if other characters are not disregarded. (chemotaxonomy, Coleoptera, defensive secretion, diving behavior, Hydradephaga, pygidial glands, seasonal variation)


In the era of globalization, the localization industry has grown stronger. Through the literature review research toward this market at home and the personnel training status in domestic universities and colleges, it is found that there are few companies with real localization services, and there are only a handful of universities that really offer localized translation majors or related courses. The lack of localized professional education has put the domestic localized ecological chain in a tricky position. The high cost for a company to foster an employee in this regard from scratch after he graduates calls for universities to shoulder the responsibility and train students on campus. Therefore, school-enterprise cooperation is the sole way to cultivate localized translation talents.


T HE LAW can be instrumental in achieving the desired social and economic goals of which it is a part; laws are promulgated by man and may be altered by man to enhance his welfare. In those statements lay perhaps not only the essence of legal-economic endeavor but most interdisciplinary activity involving the law and the social or behavioral sciences. Whether agricultural adjustment is viewed as shifting resources from low return employments to high return employments, or whether specified income or institutional adjustments are theorized, the law can provide flexible means for the accomplishment of specific adjustment goals. The assigned topic for this paper provides uncomfortably broad latitude to the author inasmuch as "relations among private parties" encompasses a vast collation of interfirm, intrafirm and interindividual activity. In the interests of confinement to a manageable area of thought and in the interests of remaining within the stated bounds as to time and space, consideration is limited to identification of selected aspects of relationships between law and the social sciences (principally economics) to facilitate adjustments in agriculture, and examination of an application of legal-economic research in one subset of relations among private parties, that of farm firm organization.


Executive summary, by the Secretariat (1) Economic evidence should be based on clear economic theory, and should be transparent, replicable and intuitive to allow non-economists to fully…


In this paper, we will trace back to the origins and developments of two kinds of regional cultures which are oceanic and inland culture, and contrast the developing progresses of Haier with that of XinFei's, analyze the culture characteristics of their oceanic and inland culture, intend to explore the impact of regional culture on their strategies throughout the enterprise culture. For decision_makers of enterprises and governments, it is worth studying both in theory and in practice.


Foaming the expanded polyethylene (PE) is a prevailing way to lower the dielectric constants and dissipation factors of insulators in modern communication high-speed cables. The porosity and elongated cell shapes impose significant effects on the dielectric properties of PE. However, a theoretical study is lacking. This work proposes an effective way to predict the dielectric parameters of foamed PE. Unlike directly generating the extremely dense meshes for the randomly distributed pores, which is usually computationally intractable, we apply an electrodynamics homogenization method to obtain the equivalent anisotropic model for the complex foamed insulators. It is shown that the predicted values are amenable to the experimentally measured data.


Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of regional lymph node spread in patients with stage Ⅱ nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT-NKTCL).

Methods
From 1987 to 2013, a total of 97 patients with newly-diagnosed stage Ⅱ UADT-NKTCL were retrospectively reviewed. Primary tumors were located in the nasal cavity (n=52) or extranasal UADT sites (n=45). The majority of patients were treated with primary radiotherapy. Sixty-five patients were treated with combined modality therapy (CMT), and 32 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone (n=27) or chemotherapy alone (n=5). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate, and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and monovariate prognostic analysis. The Cox regression model was used to multivariate prognostic analysis.

Results
The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates for all stage Ⅱ patients were 57% and 49%, respectively. The presence of a lower neck lymph node (defined as extension below the caudal border of the cricoid cartilage) was significantly associated with poor outcomes on univariate analysis and maintained significance on multivariate analysis. The median survival for patients with lower neck lymph node was 19.3 months and the 2-, 5-years OS rates were 28% and 11%(P=0.000). For stage Ⅱ patients, CMT significantly improved survival. The 5-year OS and PFS rates were 64% and 52% for CMT, compared with 40.4%(P=0.006) and 42% for single modality therapy (P=0.088).

Conclusion
The level of regional lymph node is a powerful prognostic factor for stage Ⅱ UADT-NKTCL.The involvement of low neck lymph node is significantly associated with poorer survival outcomes.

Key words:
Extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma/radiotherapy; Extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma/chemotherapy; Prognosis


We describe a comprehensive treatment of the syntax and semantics of comparative constructions based on theoretical work by Pinkham, which can be implemented in a relatively straightforward fashion...


There is growing interest in multi-sector models that combine aggregate balanced growth, consistent with the well-known Kaldor facts, with systematic changes in the sectoral allocation of resources, consistent with the Kuznets facts. Although variations in the income elasticity of demand across goods played an important role in initial approaches, recent models stress the role of supply-side factors in this process of structural change, in particular sector-specific technical change and sectoral differences in factor proportions. We explore a general framework that features an additional supply-side mechanism and also encompasses these two known mechanisms. Our model shows that sectoral differences in the degree of capital-labor substitutability - a new mechanism - are a driving force for structural change. When the exibility to combine capital and labor differs across sectors, a factor rebalancing effect is operative. It tends to make production in the more exible sector more intensive in the input that becomes more abundant. As a result, growth rates of sectoral capital-labor ratios can differ and, if this effect dominates, shares of each factor used in a given sector can move in different directions. We identify conditions under which this occurs and analyze the dynamics of such a case. We also provide some suggestive evidence consistent with this new mechanism. A quantitative analysis suggests that this channel was an important contributor to structural change out of agriculture in the United States.


In this paper,a new method to build multivariate decision trees based on Rough Set is proposed.The relative generalization of core with respect to decision attributes is used for devising to the decision table,if a certain inconsistency exists in the subset of examples and there are not attributes,then the inconsistency subset merged with the consistency subsets,respectively.And the measures of certainty of condition equivalence relation with respect to decision equivalence relation are accounted respectively,the great result of the combined subset is got,and the label of the consistency subset to label the node.Compared with the algorithm of Literature [5],noisy data of training sets are considered.A certain inconsistency is allowed to exist in examples of the positive regions,so the method can simplify the decision trees and improve its extensive ability.


Plasmonic resonances in metal-dielectric-metal structures have shown strong electric and magnetic fields enhancement in the sub-wavelength region, which can significantly boost the performance of plasmon-based metamaterial absorbers. Square resonators (SR) and ring resonators (RR) are both the most common blocks for designing metamaterial perfect absorbers (MPAs) by exciting fundamental electric dipole plasmonic modes. Actually, they can also excite the higher-order electric sextupole plasmonic modes but the absorptivity is very low, which are not available for the design of MPAs. In this paper, the near-field-coupling idea is introduced to enhance the absorptivity of higher-order electric sextupole modes. We propose the outer-square inner-ring coupled resonators (OSIRCR) made of the Ag and ZnS. When the coupling distance has decreased from 70 to 10 nm, the electric field intensity has increased 10.8 times from 55 to 594, which leads to a 5.4 times increase in absorptivity of higher-order electric sextupole modes of the outer-square from 17.6% to 95.3%. In addition to the higher-order electric sextupole modes, the OSIRCR can also excite the fundamental electric dipole modes of the outer-square and the inner-ring. Then a six-band polarization-independent MPA in the infrared range is designed with an average absorptivity of 91.5% utilizing two different sized OSIRCRs.


The effects on C fiber evoked activity in lumbar dorsal horn convergent neurones of i.v. morphine alone, of Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr (DTLET) alone or of either of these drugs in association with 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamine (dibencozide) were investigated in anesthetized rats. Both morphine and DTLET depressed the neuronal responses in a dose-related fashion, with the former requiring lower doses. Although dibencozide alone was devoid of any effect, it significantly enhanced the depressive effects of all doses of morphine tested and of the lower two doses of DTLET. It is concluded that dibencozide enhances the spinal depression of nociceptive information elicited by mu and delta opioid agonists. This drug could provide a useful tool for the study of interactions between opioids and opioids receptors. It is also suggested that dibencozide could be useful in clinical practice for reducing the dosage of opioids.


Abstract Catastrophe insurance markets fail to provide sufficient protections against natural catastrophes, whereas they have the capacity to absorb the losses. In this paper, we assume the catastrophic risks are dependent and extremely heavy-tailed, and insurers have limited liability to cover losses up to a certain amount. We provide a comprehensive study to show that the diversification in the catastrophe insurance markets can be transited from suboptimal to preferred by increasing the number of insurers in the market. This highlights the importance of coordination among insurers and the government intervention in encouraging insurers to participate in the catastrophe insurance market to exploit risk sharing. Simulation studies are provided to illuminate the key findings of our results.


In this research we tried to define, for the first time, the concept of "decentralization" of per capita income and its position among other constructions, similar to or associated with it. In this direction, we tried to give decentralization a definition as clear as possible, using existing concepts to identify it, but also to associate it with its most likely cause, administrative decentralization. Besides the theoretical documentation we, additionally, attempted to put this relationship under an econometric test, which indicates some trends but, because of the difficulties in measuring some variables, we were not able to extract absolutely reliable conclusions.


This paper considers chaotic dynamics in a simplified piecewise linear hysteresis neural network. Our network consists of three cells with uniform cross connections. The analysis is carried out by using rigorously derived return map and we can calculate its orbit and Lyapunov exponents. Then we discovered that the network exhibits various kinds of periodic solutions, line expanding chaos, area expanding chaos and hyperchaos. Also, we show two dimensional bifurcation diagram where almost all bifurcation sets are calculated exactly.


Authentic reading materials can be widely obtained from the internet nowadays. Exposing students with many real-life reading materials is necessary, but it cannot be denied that the use of such materials gives challenges to the students in comprehending them. This study attempted to explore the challenges faced by twenty-two EFL students in comprehending online authentic reading materials. Qualitative method was employed as the research design and it was conducted in a Reading Comprehension course for one semester. The participants of this research were 22 freshmen who majored in English Education department enrolled at a university in West Sumatera, Indonesia. In collecting the data, the researchers used observation, questionnaire and interview. The findings of the research showed that students encountered some difficulties in comprehending online authentic materials such as too many new words, English phrases, and English slangs. Moreover, the results also showed that students faced some challenges in reading the material when the length of the text is not appropriate for their level and the topic is too far from their interests.


Current practices for the design and deployment of hardware redundancy techniques in embedded systems remain in practice specific (defined on a case-per-case basis) and mostly manual. This paper addresses the challenging problems of engineering fault tolerance mechanisms in a generic way and providing suitable tools for coping with their deployment. This approach relies on metaprogramming to specify fault tolerance mechanisms and open compilers to automatically deploy such mechanisms on the selected hardware core. Our previous research has already shown the suitability of this approach for the generic design and automatic deployment of NMR strategies. In this paper, we explore the usefulness of the idea in the context of information redundancy. The main contribution is the development of a metaprogram for the provision of ECC-based fault tolerance in data storage elements (registers and memory modules). It is also shown to what extend such metaprogram can be useful for improving the reliability of communications between HW cores in embedded systems.


The results of pressure-tuning Raman spectroscopic, X-ray powder diffraction and solid-state 13C-NMR studies of selected dicarboxylate anions intercalated in a Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (talcite) lattice are reported. The pressure dependences of the vibrational modes are linear for pressures up to 4.6 GPa indicating that no phase transitions occur. The interlayer spacings show that the oxalate, malonate and succinate dianions are oriented perpendicular to the layers, but the glutarate and adipate are tilted. The solid-state 13C-NMR spectra of these materials show full chemical shift anisotropy and, therefore, the anions are not mobile at room temperature.


Am J Health-Syst Pharm—Vol 57 Sep 1, 2000 This column focuses on issues of particular interest to pharmacists who practice in health maintenance organizations and other managed care settings. Other readers should also find the material of interest. Included are information and advice related to managed care pharmacy practice and the use of pharmaceuticals in enrolled patient populations. Topics addressed include disease management, unique pharmacist roles in managed care, capitation, and the ambulatory care component of integrated health systems. Readers currently practicing in managed care settings are invited to submit questions for the column. Questions should be narrow in scope. Selected questions will be forwarded to one or two practitioners who will prepare brief responses for publication. The inquirers will receive copies of the responses before publication. Readers are encouraged to comment on the answers; such comments will be considered for the Letters column. Suggestions for topics should be submitted to AJHP, 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814 (301-657-3000, or firstname.lastname@example.com). Managed Care Forum


Abstract This article presents the analysis, design, and output voltage regulation of a negative-output elementary boost converter operated in the continuous conduction mode using a hysteresis modulation sliding-mode controller for applications requiring the constant power source in medical equipment, telecom, industrial, and military/aerospace telemetry applications. The negative-output elementary boost converter is a new series of attractive DC-DC converters possessing high-voltage transfer gain, high power density, high efficiency, and reduced output voltage and inductor current ripples. Due to the time-varying and switching properties of the negative-output elementary boost converter, its dynamic characteristic becomes highly non-linear. In order to improve the dynamics performance and output voltage regulation of the negative-output elementary boost converter, a hysteresis modulation sliding-mode controller is developed. The hysteresis modulation sliding-mode controller is designed for the inherently variable structure of the negative-output elementary boost converter by using a state-space average based model. The three conditions of the hysteresis modulation sliding-mode controller for the negative-output elementary boost converter—the existence, hitting, and stability conditions—are analyzed. The performance of the developed controller is validated for its robustness to perform over a wide range of operating conditions through both the laboratory prototype and MATLAB/Simulink (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) models, which are compared with a proportional-integral controller. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimental results are presented along with the complete design procedure.


The T2w sequence is a standard component of a prostate MRI examination; however, it is time‐consuming, requiring multiple signal averages to achieve acceptable image quality.


It is widely recognised that coastal flood events can arise from combinations of extreme waves and sea levels. For flood risk analysis and the design of coastal structures it is therefore necessary to assess the joint probability of the occurrence of these variables. Traditional methods have involved the application of joint probability contours, defined in terms of extremes of sea conditions that can, if applied without correction factors, lead to the underestimation of flood risk and under-design of coastal structures. This paper describes the application of a robust multivariate statistical model to analyse extreme offshore waves, wind and sea levels around the coast of England. The approach described here is risk based in that it seeks to define extremes of response variables directly, rather than the joint extremes of sea conditions. The output of the statistical model comprises a Monte Carlo simulation of extreme events. These distributions of extreme events have been transformed from offshore to ne...


Objective: This research aims to measure the effectiveness of the RPC (RPC) learning model based on Madurese entrepreneurial values in increasing junior high school students' interest in entrepreneurship. Method: The method used in this research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design, a non-equivalent design (pretest and post-test), and a control group design. Results: The research results show that the RPC learning model based on Madurese ethnic entrepreneurial values effectively increases junior high school students' interest in entrepreneurship. This can be seen from the average percentage of N-gain in the experimental class is 60.70%. Meanwhile, the average percentage of N-Gain for the control class is 16.00%. So, the conventional learning model in the control class is ineffective in increasing interest in entrepreneurship among junior high school students. Novelty: This learning model is the only role-play learning model developed with a combination of card games and based on ethnic entrepreneurial values to increase students' interest in entrepreneurship. The effectiveness of this learning model can contribute to social studies learning; that is, through creative learning, students' entrepreneurial interest in entrepreneurial activities can increase.


In this paper it is explored how social entrepreneurship as defined by modern standards has existed since as long ago as the Middle Ages. A set of qualifications will be presented by which a number of social enterprises will be compared and evaluated. Five historical periods will be discussed and a social enterprise from each of them will be evaluated according to modern standards. This way it can be analyzed how social entrepreneurship has developed in Europe since the Middle Ages. This paper concludes that the existence of social enterprises as defined by modern standards depends heavily on the social and economic structure of Europe at the time.


Australia has one of the highest penetrations of distributed solar PV worldwide, comprised mostly of residential rooftop systems. This paper explores the behavior of distributed PV during voltage excursions following a major power system disturbance, and implications for managing system security. Previous research has focused on the response of inverters to frequency disturbances. However, this paper presents operational data demonstrating that a major voltage disturbance can result in widespread generation loss from distributed PV. A unique data set containing 30s PV generation and local network voltage for 214 sites in South Australia is analyzed. Aggregate PV generation losses of 42% highlight the need for integration of distributed PV voltage response characteristics into power system planning and operation. Observed curtailment is upscaled to assess the potential severity of response and a method is presented for assessing diversity in individual PV inverter response with regards to depth and duration of generation loss.


Logical coupling reveals implicit dependencies between program entities, by measuring how often they changed together during development. The comprehension of how the logical coupling property manifests itself in the project is a key activity. Software Evolution Visualization (SEV) has been a promising approach to this end. However, this is not trivial, since SEV has to handle different software entities and attributes, and still deals with the temporal dimension of evolution. In this sense, we have been working on the specification, development and evaluation of a novel SEV tool, called EVOWAVE. This novel visualization metaphor is able to visualize different types of data generated in software evolution using both overview-based and detail-based approaches. It can be applied to different software engineering tasks and domains. In this paper, we present a logical coupling study we conducted in order to evaluate this tool in this important domain.


People vary a great deal in terms of how they age. Some seem to age relatively quickly and develop age-related illnesses such as heart disease or stroke in their forties and fifties, while others appear to age very slowly; and if they do develop age-related illnesses it may only be towards the end of their very long lives. Within these two extremes are the majority of people who, at least in industrialized nations, have an average life expectancy in their late seventies. Much of the variation around this average appears to be due to differences in environment, behavior and luck. As in the case of the Seventh Day Adventists, if an individual has good health habits, they are quite likely to live to an age that many humans appear to be capable of achieving – their late eighties (almost 30 years beyond the age of 60!) [1]. The HALE Study (Healthy aging: a Longitudinal study in Europe) assessed 10-year mortality amongst people aged 70–90 years in 11 European countries. Those who adhered to a Mediterranean diet, and moderate alcohol use, were physically active and refrained from smoking had a 50% reduced mortality rate [2]. Unfortunately uncommon among people in industrial nations, the behavioral traits that facilitate survival to average life expectancy potential are regular exercise, a frugal vegetarian or Mediterranean diet, not being obese and not smoking. A number of studies suggest that effectively managing stress is also an important trait. Along these lines, Rebecca Levy, at Yale University, USA, has shown that being optimistic about one's aging also improves life expectancy [3]. When these behaviors are generally not adhered to, the result is an average life expectancy that is about 10 years less than what most of us should be capable of achieving. With that premature mortality, we likely also see


The isolation and structural characterisation of square planar [Ni(atu)2] (Hatu = amidinothiourea) has provided a rational basis to synthesise the novel mixed-metal cage compounds [Ni4Pd2(atu)8X]X3 (X = Cl, Br); one of these cages (when X = Cl) has been crystallographically characterised showing that the chloride anion is encapsulated in the centre of the cage forming eight hydrogen-bonds with N–H groups from the ligands and two Lewis acid–base interactions with two palladium(II) ions.


ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical features and treatment measures of hyperthyroidism combining with liver damage. MethodsThe clinical data of 59 cases of hyperthyroidism combining with liver damage were reviewed. ResultsThe incidence of hyperthyroid liver damage was 28.78%.The older the patient's age and the longer the disease course were, the higher the incidence of liver damage would be (P 0.05).The symptoms of liver damage were mild in majority of the patients (64.40%) and the major manifestation was elevated serum levels of ALT (61.02%).Control of hyperthyroidism was main treatment measure and liver protection was effective accessory therapy. ConclusionPatients with hyperthyroidism are susceptible to liver damage. The extent of liver damage is closely related to the age, course and severity of hyperthyroidism. A favorable result will be achieved if reasonable treatment schemes are carded out early.


(1947), R. Hooykaas (1956), and others. Part Three anthologizes extracts from some major discussions of the Merton thesis, including Carroll's, A. R. Hall's ' Merton Revisited' (1963), and Gary Abraham's 'Misunderstanding the Merton Thesis' (1983). Part Four, specially edited and introduced by Harold J. Cook (who for some reason did not get his name on the title page alongside those of K. E. Duffin and S. W. Strickland), is devoted to Charles Webster's work in this area and includes, among other things, not only the statements ' p ro ' which he made in The Great Instauration (1976), but also a brief extract from his study of the Catholic natural philosopher, Richard Towneley (16291707), which was decidedly 'con' (1966). The final part, 'Afterwords' consists of three retrospective pieces by Merton himself, one of which, specially written for this volume, shows how various suggestions and intimations in the thesis formed the basis for major sociological themes developed in his subsequent career.


The method involves transmitting vibrations acting on an object to be protected to a cubic vibrating mass (1) that is inertially held between springs (2, 2') e.g. tension springs or pressure springs. Static dead weight of the vibrating mass is partially absorbed by magnetic forces that act between elements of a horizontally acting vibration damper, where the vibrating mass is completely made of steel. The vibrating mass is formed as a disk shaped body. Viscoelastic dampers are connected with the vibrating mass, so that one of the dampers is attached to the springs. An independent claim is also included for a horizontally acting vibration damper formed as a spring mass system.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of psychological intimate partner violence among bisexual women. For this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals who meet women who have been subject to intimate partner violence. The theoretical perspectives used for the analysis were Social Constructivism and Gender Theory, with a focus on power and control. The results showed certain contradictions as to how the interviewees encountered the phenomenon: some of them stressed the particular vulnerable position of bisexual female women in terms of psychological violence, while a few of the interviewees could not distinguish bisexual women's vulnerability in their day to day practice. Three possible reasons were found for this contradiction. The first, was that professionals may not ask questions about the other person's sexuality. The second, was that bisexual women may not contact the organisations that provide help and support for vulnerable women. The third, was that there may be a general lack of knowledge about LGBTQ-matters in society, including among professionals working with intimate partner violence. The findings point towards a dominant system where gender and sexuality form part of socially constructed heteronormative ways of seeing, and where certain groups, such as bisexual women, can easily disappear, in spite of being exposed to violence.


Assessment of patients' functional status in a rehabilitation setting is typically done by an observing therapist using a subjective rating scale such as FIM. As a method to introduce objectivity and "ecological validity" into the assessment process, engineers from Rehabilitation Engineering at the National Rehabilitation Hospital (NRH) are installing sensors into the Independence Square(R) recently constructed in the hospital. The aim is to add objective data to a patient's chart without requiring additional time or effort from the PT, OT or SLP. To date, sensors have been installed in strategic locations and data is being collected sensors and displayed to therapists to evaluate CHI decisions. Later phases will evaluate the system's utility in actual home settings as a telerehab method for functional monitoring.


The airlift conveyor modelled here is of a type used in industry to move a particulate feedstock from ground level to an elevated position for gravity feeding to storage or further processing options. It consists of a feed leg and a vertical riser which terminates in a de-entrainment device where the particles are removed from the conveying gas. Typically the conveying gas enters the riser from a vertical or horizontal feed pipe, and blows the particles off the face of an aerated bed in the horizontal leg of the feeder. The flow rate of the solids is controlled by aeration gas which partially fluidises the material in the feed leg. In this article, we consider the cooling of spherical particles admitted to a conveyor, for a variety of processing conditions. The riser in the model conveyor was 8 m high, the initial particle temperature was 40 °C and the temperature of the conveying air was 20 °C in all calculations. The conveying velocities used were, 12, 15 and 18 m s−1, and the particle sizes were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm. The particle flow rate was 1 tonne/h. The calculation methodology was to find analytically the slip velocity profile of a single particle over the length of the riser, and then to estimate heat transfer rates numerically using a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet. Temperature profiles show that for all conditions examined, over 70–80% of heat transfer takes place in the first half of the riser. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


neonates and their dams indicates a severe deficiency. The obtained results drew the attention for the importance of periodic analysis for serum, soil, and ration to avoid deficiency complications of trace elements early


Detection of targets airborne above the ocean surface is difficult using conventional radar due to the strong clutter response of the ocean surface. It is thus desirable to find ways to reduce the strength of the scattering from the ocean surface relative to the target. One method for achieving this is to use polarization-diverse ultra-wideband signals, wherein the polarization states of transmitting and receiving antennas are varied to minimize the clutter response. This paper evaluates the effect of varying the polarization states of the transmitting and receiving antennas on the target and sea clutter responses. The ocean surface is modeled as a spatially periodic conducting surface and the target is a conducting missile with 4 orthogonal stabilizing fins. The response of the surface is calculated using the method of moments for both TE (horizontal) and TM (vertical) excitation. The polarimetric response of several realistic targets (aircraft and missiles) are measured and used to evaluate the best polarization state for target detection.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the campus-wide administration of the Know Your Power bystander-oriented social marketing campaign. Participants: Undergraduate students at a public college were invited to participate in a public awareness survey before and after the 6-week campaign administration in February and March 2009. Methods: Pretest and posttests were administered (N = 353) to examine if exposure to the campaign changed students' stage of scale scores. Results: Exposure to the social marketing campaign increased participants' awareness of their role in reducing sexual and relationship violence and stalking, increased their expressed willingness to get involved in reducing the incidence these types of violence, and resulted in participants being more likely to report having taken action to reduce these types of violence. Conclusions: As college students explore their role as community members, it is an opportunity for college educators to design and administer prevention messages highlighting behavioral norms to be explored and adopted.


Objective To investigate the significance of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in ovarian endometriosis(EMs).Methods Imunohistochemical staining and stereology methods were used to detect the VEGF and MVD in ectopic endometrium of 30 cases,in eutopic endometrium of 30 cases of ovarian endometriosis and normal endometrium in 30 cases.Results The mean optical density of VEGF in eutopic endometrium of endometriosis(0.47±0.12) was significantly higher than that in ectopic endometrium of endometriosis(0.32±0.08) and the normal control(0.39±0.14).The MVD in ectopic endometrium of endometriosis(41.58±14.72) was significantly higher than that in eutopic endometrium of endometriosis(31.30±19.89) and the normal control(20.70±16.17).The expressions of VEGF in secretary phase eutopic endometrium of endometriosis and the normal control were significantly higher than that in the proliferative phase(P0.05).VEGF and MVD had an obviously positive correlation in endometriosis and the normal control,and the positive correlation of VEGF and MVD in eutopic endometrium of endometriosis was higher than that in ectopic endometrium of endometriosis.Conclusion It suggested that there was a prerequisite of neovascularization in the course of the angiogenesis in endometriosis.The high expression of VEGF in eutopic endometrium of endometriosis also suggested that the special quality of the endometrium may be an essential condition in the development of endometriosis.


Deformation and stress fields are locally modified by the presense of topography. An approximate analytical method is used to give simple expressions for the effect of arbitrarily shaped topography on vertical, horizontal, and surface tilt measurements. This provides a means of making corrections to observations without the use of finite element techniques. Corrections to tilt fields are found to be directly proportional to the local slope of the topography. Comparison is made between expressions for tilt and those for strain and displacement. Although the topographic effects on secular tilt, strain, and vertical displacement are not yet measurable, we emphasize that the topographic effect on precision tidal tilt and strain measurements can be significant.


El Dorado International Airport is the main air terminal in Colombia. In recent years the
growth of air demand in the country has increased. But this high development has been seen in
the demand for passenger transportation (regular aviation), also cargo transportation, private
aviation, aerotaxis etc. (Not regular aviation). To handle such a high demand and establish an
order on departures and arrivals at El Dorado, without overloading the Air Traffic controllers.
Slot policy is handled. For the coordination of the use of El Dorado Airport with the Air
operators, meetings and policies established by IATA and by the regulatory body of the country
where such Slots are granted are used. For this, the problems and recommendations of the good
use of the Slot and improve delays in El Dorado, without changes in infrastructure, are raised.
Keywords: Operational capacity, Slot, regular operators, Non-regular operators.


Scheduling student employees is a challenge for most of us. At the University of Wyoming, we started out doing this by hand. As our pool of student employees grew, we used Excel and PageMaker to make the process cleaner, but it still required about 75 hours of labor each semester. An Access database and ASP web pages were used to handle shift swaps throughout the semester, but it relied on students emailing back and forth and tracking shifts for which they were responsible.We researched software programs that did scheduling, but they were cost prohibitive. We were in the preliminary stages of developing our own all-in-one solution for scheduling and swaps when a colleague introduced us to an affordable web-based solution at the SIGUCCS conference in Portland. Since then, we've helped the vendor develop an integrated time and attendance tracking system. The time saved on scheduling pays for the program, and we no longer have problems with students being confused about their schedules. The added bonus of being able to download the clock entries into our payroll system is just icing on the cake.In this session, we'll look at some of the functionality we were planning to develop ourselves, where we stumbled, and what our successes have been. We've talked about our system informally at several SIGUCCS conferences in the email room and BOFs, and many have asked us to do a formal presentation. Here it is! Anyone who schedules or supervises student employees should attend, whether you supervise seven or 200 students.


From simultaneous measurements of the friction velocity u*(=*-uw) and the mean wind profile in the atmospheric surface layer, the von Karman constant was determined to be 0.39. The constant is not a fixed value but has a range with a standard deviation of about 7%. This property may be inherent in the nature of the atmospheric turbulence. Before the field observations, the aerodynamic characteristics of the sonic and cup anemometers were examined. In determining the present von Karman constant, errors due to these characteristics were corrected.


Abstract Understanding the spatial ecology of species at risk is essential for conservation because this information forms the base from which management and recovery plans are delineated. We studied microhabitat selection and evaluated the effect of reproductive class on daily movement patterns, home ranges, and seasonal activity of Blanding's Turtles in the St. Lawrence Islands National Park, Ontario, Canada. We also consider the potential conservation/management ramifications of differences in habitat use between the reproductive classes. We monitored 38 Blanding's Turtles (20 males, 13 gravid females, and 5 nongravid females) from April 2008 to August 2009 via radiotelemetry. Reproductive class did not have a significant effect on the mean daily movement of turtles in May, July, and August. In June, however, gravid females moved significantly more (mean  =  400 ± 49 m per day) than males (mean  =  194 ± 22 m per day). Reproductive class also had a significant effect on turtle home-range size, although high individual variation was observed (range  =  1.6–40.6 ha). Gravid females had significantly larger home ranges (mean  =  20.3 ± 3.5 ha) did than both males (mean  =  8.2 ± 1.8 ha) and nongravid females (mean  =  7.3 ± 3.2 ha). At the microhabitat scale, Blanding's Turtles selected colder water with more submerged and floating vegetation and avoided open water. Our results highlight the importance of stratifying field observations and spatial data by reproductive class and time and including terrestrial habitat in home-range analyses of Blanding's Turtles.


The Messe et al. AAN article reviews the risk of stroke with PFO. The presence of PFO alone does not increase risk of recurrent stroke or death, but PFO with atrial septal aneurysm may increase stroke risk. There are insufficient data to define optimal medical treatment or evaluate PFO closure.

see page 1042

Hilz et al. assessed effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on small fiber neuropathy in 22 patients with Fabry disease. After 18 to 23 months of biweekly IV ERT (1.0 mg/kg α-galsidase A), patients had significantly improved vibratory, cold, and heat-pain perception thresholds demonstrating clinical benefits of high-dose ERT. Lack of recovery in some patients suggests a need for early enzyme replacement.

see page 1066

In a study conducted in Buenos Aires, Culebras et al. compared the antiplatelet agent triflusal with aspirin in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. They identified no differences in the prevention of vascular complications after TIA or ischemic stroke, but found a lower risk of hemorrhagic complications with triflusal.

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The accompanying editorial by David Anderson and Larry Goldstein notes that as a pilot study, this trial lacked the …


This paper looks at Texts for Nothing, which Beckett attempts as a way to go on after the conceptual aporias he confronts in The Unnamable. It examines Beckett's own comments with regard to this attempt to go on, set out in an interview with Israel Shenker and seeks to unpack these comments and the assertion that Texts for Nothing was a failure. In doing so it examines Beckett's relation to knowing, being, having, and acting, in relation to concepts drawn from Spinoza and Deleuze and to the various literary tropes Beckett works with that traditionally generate meaning in relation to these concepts.


Abstract Researchers have made pedagogical suggestions regarding how to incorporate international varieties of English in teacher education, but the amount of research on how novice teachers develop such knowledge and pedagogies and put them into practice is noticeably inadequate. This study presents a two-part case study in order to address this concern. In the first part, the study reports how four pre-service teachers in a teacher education program developed their knowledge and awareness informed by an English-as-an-international language perspective in their curricula, materials, and classroom instruction. The second part reports how one of the four teachers implemented a pedagogical project with an aim to transform her students' attitudes and knowledge toward various Englishes. The data were drawn from semi-structured interviews, teaching philosophy statements, written assignments, and reflective journals. The findings overall provide important insights into understanding the emergence of transformative pedagogical awareness, philosophies, and praxis in addressing the diversity of Englishes by pre-service teachers in teacher education programs.


Power glitch attacks are fast changes in the power supplied to the device and designed to affect its normal operation.By this way,the cpu can be made to execute a number of completely different wrong instructions.This paper summarized the latest development of power glitch attack and defense techniques.Aimed at various implementations of attack on RSA signature With Chinese Reminder Theorem,attack on RSA signature without CRT and attack on EEPROM were described.Then the available countermeasures of power glitch were shown,which consist of MASK methods,detecting voltage glitch attacks.Moreover,the relative merits of these countermeasures were analyzed.


Dairy consumption impacts circulating cholesterol levels, a traditional risk marker for cardiovascular health, however, whether genetics play a role in response to dairy has not been established. Our objective was to evaluate 24 candidate SNPs within 13 cholesterol synthesis‐ and transport‐associated genes in relation to the cholesterol metabolism response to an intake of conventional and commonly‐consumed dairy products in Canada. Normolipidemic adults (n=101) consumed 3 servings/d of dairy (1% fat milk, 1.5% fat yogurt, and 34% fat cheese) or energy‐matched control products for 28 d using a multicentre, randomized, free‐living, crossover design. Relative to the control diet, dairy intake was associated with an increase in plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL‐C only in carriers of the cholesterol transport gene ABCG5 SNP rs6720173‐G/G (4.86±0.20 vs. 5.05±0.20 mmol/L, n=72, p=0.008) and (2.86±0.14 vs. 3.03±0.14 mmol/L, p=0.002), cholesterol synthesis gene SREBF2 SNP rs2228314‐G/G (4.98±0.16 vs. 5.21±0.16 mmol/L, n=50, p=0.02) and (3.06±0.15 vs. 3.24±0.15 mmol/L, p=0.03), and bile acid synthesis gene CYP7A1 SNP rs3808607‐G/T (5.00±0.16 vs. 5.21±0.16 mmol/L, n=53, p=0.04) and (2.93±0.14 vs. 3.11±0.14 mmol/L, p=0.01) genotypes, respectively. These findings accordingly suggest the existence of a gene‐diet interaction modulating the impact of dairy intake on circulating cholesterol levels.


Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Baihui(GV20),Shenshu(BL23) and Housanli(ST36) on learning and memory abilities in vascular dementia (VD) rats. Methods SD rats were randomly allocated to normal,sham operation,model and electroacupuncture pretreatment groups. A rat model of VD was made by a modified thread-occlusion method. The effects of electroacupuncture at Baihui(GV20),Shenshu(BL23) and Housanli(ST36) on Morris water maze learning and memorizing abilities were investigated in the VD rats. Results The average escape latent period in a water maze test lengthened in the model group of rats and had a statistically significant difference compared with the sham operation group (P 0.01). The average escape latent period shortened in the electroacupuncture pretreatment group of rats and had a statistically significant difference compared with the model group (P0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in the orientation navigation test achievement between the electroacupuncture pretreatment group and the model group (P0.01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture pretreatment can improve VD rat's learning and memory abilities.


Abstract The performance of polarimetric imaging radar systems depends greatly on how well they are calibrated. The complexity of the calibration procedure scales with the number of send and receive antennas, i. e. the size of the antenna array. This article proposes a practical and effective approach for calibrating a polarimetric near field MIMO imaging radar using only two simple passive targets. The calibration requires four measurement steps: An empty space measurement for suppressing direct mutual coupling between the channels. An offset short calibration with the specular reflection of a planar metal plate for the co-polarized channels. Two measurements with a dihedral reflector inclined at different angles for the cross-polarized calibration.


This paper presents a novel Web object management mechanism called MONARCH. The primary goal of our mechanism is to provide strong cache consistency without requiring servers to maintain per-client state. MONARCH also seeks to reduce overhead incurred by heuristic-based cache consistency mechanisms. Servers first classify objects at a site based on object change characteristics. Then the servers analyze relationships between the objects composing a page in conjunction with object change characteristics and compile that information into concise and explicit object management instructions. Client caches follow these instructions and deterministically manage objects, including those objects that are currently managed heuristically. The mechanism utilizes request-driven server invalidation, where servers invalidate only those objects that reside on the currently retrieved page. The approach works well when pages contain objects with a mix of change characteristics, which is often the case for content from popular sites. We have implemented the proposed mechanism in a prototype system and present its design and implementation. We also present results ∗This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation Grant CCR-9988250. of a simulation-driven performance evaluation of our approach. Simulation results show that strong cache consistency without any per-client server state can be achieved and that for many categories of Web pages the performance of our approach is better than that of heuristic policies in terms of generated traffic. We also show that although exposing constituent page components to clients tends to generate more requests that reach the server, the amount of cacheable content increases by 30%–50%.


A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the effect of two dominant indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, viz. Funneliformis mosseae (F) and Acaulospora laevis (A), on the growth of Phaseolus mungo subjected to salinity levels of 4, 8 and 12 dS m−1. Mycorrhizal fungi alone and in combination improved the growth of the plants at all the salinity levels over that of the untreated control plants. However, a combination of F. mosseae and A. laevis resulted in maximum root and shoot length, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, mycorrhization, nodulation, phosphatase activity, phosphorus uptake and yield at the 8 dS m−1 salinity level. Peroxidase activity and electrolyte leakage were minimum at the 8 dS m−1 salinity level due to improved water absorption as a result of the highest mycorrhization occurring at this level of salinity. Nitrogen and potassium uptake decreased with increase in salinity and highest uptake of these nutrient elements was recorded in the treatment with both mycorrhizal fungi at a salinity level of 4 dS m−1. The results of the present experiment indicate P. mungo inoculated with F. mosseae and A. laevis can be successfully cultivated of at salinity level of 8 dS m−1. Saline soils with an electrical conductivity of nearly 12 dS m−1 were not suitable for growing this legume.


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and only partially dchullcd and dcgerminated, so brew.
em obtained poorer yields and bitter tasting beers,"'
plus other serious deviations in quality...


Reducing program power consumption by resource restricted devices has recently become a very active research area.The driving force behind this interest is the wide-spread popularity of portable computers, handheld devices, and cell phones.Consequently, there is an accelerating demand for increased battery life in mobile devices. One way in which we can increase battery life is to improve battery technology and to produce devices that consume less power. Alternately, we can take a software-based approach. For example, many devices and hardware components are designed with multiple levels of operating power. Application management software (compilers, runtime, and operating systems) can adjust these levels using static and dynamic techniques to reduce program power consumption. Alternately, such systems can select to off-load computation from mobile devices to more capable, wall-powered computers. Our focus is on software-based techniques for reducing program power consumption. In this paper, we first articulate the problem and describe the state-of-the-art in energy-aware hardware features that can be exploited by software systems. We then present existing techniques that consider static and dynamic information to guide selection of device power levels. We then examine methods for partitioning computation between a battery-powered device and a wall-powered server at the method, task, and program level. Finally, we describe our current research that incorporates and extends these prior works.


Asthma is a major,chronic disorder that is a serious public health problem in countries throughout the world.Asthma affects people of all ages.The prevalence of asthma had been increased,especially in children.This 2005 Global Initiative for Asthma(GINA) included the impact of publications from Jan.to Dec.2004.Of 298 reviewed,25 papers were identified to have an impact on the GINA Workshop Report either by confirming,which was adding or replacing an existing reference,or modifying,changing the text or introducing a concept that required a new recommendation to the report.We translated and edited the content related to diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma.


Nonlinearity detection and characterization is a hot topic in data-driven engineering or industrial practice. This study theoretically investigates a novel frequency domain method for nonlinearity characterization. It is shown that, with output decomposition and regulation, the even order nonlinearity and crack-incurred nonlinearity (not a simple even order nonlinearity although at its initial stage) can all be effectively evaluated by the magnitude of the 2nd order harmonic response, and the latter is a linear function of the crack severity and can be accurately estimated with the proposed method. The results provide a useful frequency domain approach for nonlinearity detection and characterization.


In addition to statistics on bay clams, the report includes information about a program to replant native Olympia oysters in Netarts and Alsea bays and to enhance native oyster habitat in Yaquina Bay.


The author of the article notes the obvious contradiction of our time, which consists in the fact that the rapid development of technology is combined with an increase in political tension, escalation of violence, and an eschatological feeling of extreme depletion of environmental and civilizational resources. This testifies to the crisis state of civilization, which can be more accurately described as a crisis of man himself. Based on the principle of the interdependence of anthropology and culture, the author proposes to include in the orbit of theological understanding not only the social and humanitarian sphere of civilization life, but also natural science, as well as the technosphere. The article proposes a variant of the classification of traditions and methods of broadcasting their content, which makes it possible to look at science as part of a cultural tradition that builds relationships with a spiritual tradition as a core one. But, first of all, the structuring of traditions in society makes it possible to clearly see their hierarchy and mutual influences. Especially valuable is the isolation of the spiritual tradition and the separation of the religious from it. This provides a key to understanding many processes in the history of civilization - in the sphere of religious life, in culture, in socio-political processes. Traditions such as religious, cultural and social build their own relationships with spiritual tradition. The forms of these relations create a multidimensional characteristic of the state of society in a given historical period.


To fully developing and utilizing Allium fistulosum(L.) var.giganteum resources,the chemical constituents in Allium fistulosum(L.)var.giganteum were determined and identified by IR,1H-NMR,EI-MS and chemical methods.Seven compounds were obtained from the Allium fistulosum(L.) var.giganteum plants.They were β-sitosterol(Ⅰ),daucosterol(Ⅱ),quercetin(Ⅲ),rutin(Ⅳ),kaempferol(Ⅴ),baicalin(Ⅵ) and glucose(Ⅶ).


Switched Hamiltonian system is a kind of important hybrid system. Such a system not only plays an important role in the development of hybrid control theory, but also has found many applications in practical control designs for obtaining better control performances. This paper investigates the zero-state detectability/observability of switched dissipative Hamiltonian systems and proposes several sufficient conditions for the problem. Under a realistic assumption, it is shown that the switched dissipative Hamiltonian system is asymptotically stable under arbitrary switching paths if the system is uniformly zero-state detectable/observable. Finally, an example is studied by using the new results proposed in this paper, and several numerical simulations are carried out to support our new results