For over a decade, scientists have been investigating the sub‐family of nuclear hormone receptors known as the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) as potential targets for improved therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Initial efforts focused on compounds with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) structure, synthesizing compounds based on structural differences followed by testing in rodent models without knowing the molecular target. Once the receptor for the TZDs was identified as PPARγ, more extensive efforts began to identify and develop improved versions of the TZDs. Many biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies using this information established assays that were used in high through‐put screening efforts to identify compounds with greater affinity and selectivity to the receptor. Surprising, these extensive efforts have not led to improved therapies but, in fact, have identified molecules with improved efficacy but with more severe and diverse liabilities. Today, scientists continue to pursue the PPAR subfamily as a target for advanced treatments for T2D and the metabolic syndrome. New approaches include selective PPAR modulators, expansion into the PPARα and PPARδ subtypes, and partial agonists with dual or pan PPAR properties. These drug discovery efforts will continue, as T2D and the associated metabolic diseases become severe medical problems in nations worldwide. Eventually, new and improved therapies will emerge based on the extensive preclinical and clinical knowledge that has accumulated from research and discovery on PPARs by dedicated and thoughtful scientists in search of improved therapies for people with T2D. Drug Dev. Res. 67:574–578, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Performance Monitoring and Cognitive Control Higher-order cognitive processes falling under the umbrella term 'executive functioning' contribute to our ability to monitor performance and adjust behaviour to achieve optimal levels of functioning. This domain is often impaired following insult to the brain and neuropsychological tests assessing executive functioning typically measure abilities such as hypothesis generation, planning, cognitive flexibility, susceptibility to distracting information and decision-making. During the seminar series, students will evaluate research highlighting the nature of executive dysfunction in neuropsychological conditions. In the laboratory series students will work in groups with their tutor to design and conduct an experiment addressing a research question of mutual interest in this topic area. ______________________________________________________________________________


Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is a new population-based evolutionary algorithm. Previous works have shown that ICA converges quickly but often to a local optimum. To overcome this problem, this work proposed two modifications to ICA: perturbed assimilation move and boundary bouncing. The proposed modifications were applied to ICA and tested using six well-known benchmark functions with 30 dimensions. The experimental results indicate that these two modifications significantly improve the performance of ICA on all six benchmark functions.


One of the fundamental values of any legal system is the principle of certainty of law, whose highest expression is its encoding in the various bodies of law. However, today this value is strongly, albeit inadvertently, called into question by the European Union - in particular, by a set of principles, and related mechanisms, designed to ensure uniformity of law across the EU Member States. These include the principle of primacy of EU law over the laws of its Member States, the principle of the disapplication of national laws that are incompatible with EU law (including the provisions of directives that have not yet been implemented, or that have implemented in a manner deemed incorrect), the principle of interpretation of national law in conformity with EU law and, above all, the conclusive and binding effect of the judgments of the EU Court of Justice even when they provide a 'unique' or unusual interpretation, not expressly provided for in EU law. These principles are now well-established benchmarks in supreme and national courts as well, to the extent that there has been a radical shift in the system and hierarchy of sources of law in each legal system of the EU Member States, at the expense of citizens, businesspeople and legal practitioners, who all find it hard to identify the exact rule to apply to specific cases.


Heterogeneous traffic streams containing motorized and non-motorized vehicles are becoming more common in urban areas all over the world. These streams contain both conventional vehicle types such as private cars, buses and trucks as well as non-conventional types namely, bicycles, motorcycles and other vehicular forms, some of which also exhibit peculiar traffic behavior. In order to plan for such traffic it is important to understand the roles the vehicle types plays either individually or collectively on the traffic performance. Using a special model developed by author and aspects of which have been previously published in the TRR series, this study investigates the effects of various non-conventional vehicles on stream performance including lane capacity and saturation flows. It was found that such heterogeneous streams had reduced link capacities and lane saturation flows in comparison to homogenous flows with private cars only, although the trends were not always consistent. Moreover, it was found that the presence of some of these vehicles resulted in a highly scattered volume, speed density plots, which hardly corresponded with the known fundamental traffic relationships. It was therefore concluded that such heterogeneous streams have peculiar flows that may not conform fully to the basic traffic theories and hence may require further research to characterize.


This article discusses the relationship between social workers' achievement motivation and their readiness to make life changes. A preliminary definition of the analysed categories and their significance in the performance of social work provided a basis for the analysis of the results of own research.
The method of diagnostic survey was used. The levels of the readiness to change in global terms and in terms of the characteristics that reflect the complexity of the phenomenon were determined using The Change-Readiness Questionnaire by R. Kriegel and D. Brandt in the Polish adaptation by Paszkowska-Rogacz. The levels of social workers' achievement motivation were analysed using the Achievement Motivation Questionnaire by M. Widerszal-Bazyl.
The results of the research presented in the article revealed the correlation between the level of the subjects' achievement motivation and the level of readiness to change. Namely, the higher the social workers' level of aspiration for success, the higher their openness to change. Significant correlation between the level of achievement motivation and the level of adventurousness and adaptability were also observed. Those results show that the development of achievement motivation may be beneficial for minimising resistance to change, especially in respect of confidence defined as boldness and flexibility, the latter being understood as ease of adapting to changing environmental requirements and resilience, thanks to which people are not overcome by adversities, but rather learn from their mistakes.


In this paper, we present an efficient fusion approach to identify synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images. Firstly, we consider the problem of two dimension linear discrininant analysis (2DLDA) and propose a new two dimensional method named as two dimensional subclass discriminant analysis (2DSDA), which can deal with multimodally distributed data. Secondly, we present a two dimensional features fusion method, which can reduce the feature dimension and the correlation. This approach is tested on MSTAR Public Release SAR data using standard and extended operation conditions. And experiments show that this fusion approach is feasible and effective.


Herbs are one of the high-value products in Malaysia. The term 'herbs' has more than one definition. It is also demanding by multiple manifolds. Herbs are used in many sectors nowadays. The ability to identify variety herbs in the market is quite hard without the intervention of human experts. Unfortunately, human experts are prone to error. Herbs classification is able to assist human experts and at the same time minimizing the intervention. This research performs identification and classification of herbs based on image capture ad variety of classification algorithms such as an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbors (IBK), Decision Table (DT) and M5P Tree algorithms. The selected algorithms are implemented and evaluated to their relative performance and IBK is found to produce the highest quality outputs.


The aim of this study is introducing the obstacles of the total quality management (TQM) application in higher education institutions in Kuwait. To achieve the aim of this study , interviews were conducted with (20) members of the academic leaders in higher education institutions in Kuwait. After collecting the needed data and information, many obstacles were found out , namely: the lack of an integrated sample for the total quality management in higher education institutions, the lack of support and commitment of top leaders in higher education institutions in TQM, the lack of highly qualified professionals in the field of quality in higher education, the lack of knowledge of self-assessment mechanisms, the lack of knowledge of continuous improvement methods, the large burden on the TQM application, and the difficulty of self-assessment. The study has come out with a set of recommendations including: To set a sample for the TQM application in higher education institutions of Kuwait, holding training courses and workshops in the field of TQM application in higher education institutions and continuous improvement and self-assessment.


The article is devoted to revealing the essence of interactive technologies as a tool that contributes to formation of professional competencies of a future physics teacher. An overview of interactive teaching methods and technologies used in the process of preparation of future physics teachers is given, the conditions of their effective usage are clarified. These technologies are now being examined as an effective method of students` education and become one of the most promising and successful approaches to modern studying. The article describes such concepts as «professional competencies», «interactive teaching methods», «interactive learning tools», «interactive panel».


Although the Millennium Development Goals are global, in the sense that they are to be reached by the whole world, not necessarily by countries individually, in many countries the true commitment to them has led many to ask the question: will my country reach all or some of the MDGs by 2015? Are we on or off track? If off track, how far are we? To answer this question it is mandatory to perform some kind of projecting exercise. We talk of projections, not of forecasts, for there are many variables that can intervene to determine the performance of a country in its pursuit of the goals. Furthermore we have to deal with the fact that we cannot really predict what is going to happen up to 2015, but just make assumptions. However, projections can indeed be so accurate as to resemble forecasts. This is the case when there is plenty of data available, as well as technical expertise in projecting, and time. Unfortunately, this is seldom the case, particularly in developing countries. The common situation faced by those who ask the question on whether the MDGs will be reached by a certain country by 2015 is that of scarcity of data and/or of technical skills. (...)


Background cMET is a tyrosine-kinase membrane receptor and its dysregulation is involved in tumor proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and migration. High levels of cMET have been observed in various tumor types and correlate with adverse outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of total cMET and phospho-cMET (p-cMET) in breast cancer and their impact on survival outcomes. Materials and Methods : We measured quantitative expression of cMET and p-cMET in a cohort of 257 breast cancer primary tumor samples using reverse phase protein array. The level of cMET/p-cMET in each sample was expressed as a log-mean centered value after correction for protein loading with the use of the average expression levels of > 50 proteins. The regression tree method and Martingale residual plots were applied to find the best cutoff point for high and low levels of each protein. Linear regression models were used to determine if mean expression was different among breast cancer subtypes. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) by cMET and p-cMET levels. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to determine the association of cMET and p-cMET levels with the risk of recurrence and death after adjustment for other patient and disease characteristics. Results : Median age was 51, (range 23–85) years. There were 140 (54.5%) hormone receptor (ER/PR)-positive, 53 (20.6%) HER2−positive, and 64 (24.9%) triple-negative tumors. Using the selected cutoffs, a total of 181 (70.4%) and 123 (47.9%) patients had high expression of cMET and p-cMET, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean expression of cMET (P Conclusion : In this cohort of patients, high expression of cMET and p-cMET was seen in all subtypes of breast cancer. High levels of cMET and p-cMET had a significant impact on breast cancers survival outcomes. cMET inhibition may a be promising novel target for therapy in breast cancer and deserves investigation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-09-09.


5 Exploratory analysis of pre and postoperative risk stratification tools to identify acute 174 kidney and myocardial injury in patients undergoing surgery for chronic subdural 175 haematoma. 176 177 Stubbs DJ, Davies BM, Burnstein R, Joannides A, Ercole A 178 179


The success of the microelectronic industry in scaling down the critical dimensions of integrated circuits is impressive. It is tempting to think that the same paradigm applies for Micro-ElectroMechanical-Systems (or MEMS).


Which are the conceptual reasons at the base of Santi Romano's thesis according to which the legal order "sets itself" as a unity, as an "entity" distinct from the others? What does this "position" mean in Santi Romano? It designates the "fact" that sets the right? Or is it readable according to a different strategy of "self-position" of the law? Starting from this question, we will try to identify the analytical phases that, in L'ordinamento giuridico, concern the time of "position" of the system as a unit, in order to suggest an interpretation that diverges from the idea that Romano's thought a reduction of the law to the fact.


BACKGROUND: Traditional varieties of tomato have developed their own niches in quality markets in some European markets associated with their excellent organoleptic quality. RESULTS: A collection of 126 populations of 16 traditional varieties from the East of Spain (a secondary diversity center for tomato) have been evaluated during two years in order to determine their potential value also as sources of functional compounds, including ascorbic acid, lycopene and β-carotene. Population and population x year interaction significantly affect lycopene and ascorbic acid content, while year effect was also significant for β-carotene. Despite finding some global trends in certain varieties concerning their functional value, high levels of variation have been found in the intra-varietal level. Populations with high levels of the three levels have been found, with different levels of intra-population and inter-year variation. Maximum mean contents for both years have reached 308 mg kg-1 of ascorbic acid, 130 mg kg-1 of lycopene and 30 mg kg-1 of β-carotene, though it is difficult to identify accessions with joint high values of the three compounds. CONCLUSION: These results open the possibility to promote traditional materials as sources of functional compounds, thus strengthening their quality niches and consolidating their pricepremium. Additionally, these materials could also be used in breeding programs for quality.


A steady model of finned-tube evaporator is presented.Simulation program has been developed on basis of the model.The model can account for nonuniform air distribution.The impact of nonuniform air is studied with three different types of two-dimensional velocity profile.


Existing Public health system of USA has a plenty of problems which dealth with a isolation of its infrostructure insufficiency of preventive activities, complicated ways of financy and lack of social judgement and equality in the health field for american population.American scietists are inclined to the opinion that existing system of healthprotection is not up to standard to render medical carc. And such system requires radical reforms. The ways of this reforms are performed in this issue.


MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) are companies that function as mobile operators but do not have their own frequency spectrum allocation or the necessary network infrastructure. Those companies make business arrangements with one or more licensed Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) by leasing from them the access to mobile network and capacities. Such business concept enables the MVNOs to participate in the mobile communications market, thus extending the value chain and providing innovative mobile communication services specifically adapted to target segments. MVNOs have significant share on the mobile market in Europe and make influence on customers of mobile services in the meaning of change a telecom company and develop the new competitive strategies. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and predict the growth strategies of the MVNOs into the South-eastern Europe markets (SEE). Findings of comparative analysis have based on the research of secondary sources, practice of EU countries with licensed MNOs and MVNOs and on our expert opinion. Findings indicate that MVNOs which are financially strong have used service development strategy on the present market, while companies which operate in mobile telephony as a core business have chosen market development strategy. Strategy of diversification is the most applicable for companies which have a background and its core business within fixed and Internet and have added mobile telephony services to its portfolio. Strategy of expansion on the present market in combined with present services is not frequent on MVNO market. As an alternative growth strategy, MVNOs in SEE countries will apply a diversification strategy that implies parallel development of new services and new markets with the aim of expansion. The major motive for applying the diversification strategy can be a relatively small existing customer base and a new market entry. Appearance of MVNOs on the SEE market will be in form of partnership strategy with existing MNO as a form of international contracting cooperation. Pan-European global MVNO will change the industry of mobile market which will be driven by market forces, technological evolution and it will present an example of creative process destruction.


A numerical method is presented for the simulation of the quenching of soda-lime silicate glass plate. The process consists of heating the glass to a temperature above 600 °C and cooling rapidly by air. Using one flux method the radiation source term of the glass is calculated. For one dimensional, unsteady heat conduction and radiation through the glass, the energy equation is solved using finite difference method. A program is written in FORTRAN and the temperature distribution in the glass plate is calculated. Results are given as diagrams and compared with the results given in the literature.


This research studied the mental representations of 11-year-old Greek students concerning the mechanisms for vision in day and night condition. The aim was to examine the prevalent mental representations that students hold in order to explain the way a person is able to see an object during the day and during nighttime, to recognize possible differentiations among the representations of the two conditions and compare them.


The gas storage system, particularly for the supply to a power source of a motor vehicle, comprises at least two storage modules (GrA, GrB, GrC) each having an outlet duct (C) connectable, by a rapid connection device (CRi) via a solenoid valve (vpA / B / C), to a supply line (L) of a user station, modules, for example having different capacities, being made with reservoirs identical (Ri). According to the invention, the modules are implemented sequentially to completely empty before a module implementing another module, and can only replace the first vacuum module by an identical full module, without replacing at this stage, the other during operation module.


With the RoHS deadline approaching by July 1, 2006, many manufacturers are aggressively eliminating the use of lead in consumer electronic products. However, the development of lead-free products requires close cooperation between end-product manufacturers and component manufacturers because metallurgies, resin materials, reflows conditions and moisture resistance will be influenced. The increase in reflow temperature is generally considered to be the most difficult issue associated to the conversion to SnAgCu solder interconnect. But right now the mechanical drop performance in SnAgCu solder joint has been becoming another attractive topic even being industry headache due to brittle characteristics of SnAgCu interconnect. In the study, one 14 times 14 lead free CSP BGA with 0.3 mm/0.5 mm ball diameter/pitch was adopted as test vehicle. The intermetallic compounds morphology evolution which can be generated when using SnxAgCu and SnAgCuX solder ball in combination with electrolytic NiAu-plated substrates was investigated during 150degC thermal aging, such as single layer SnNi IMC and complex layer SnNi/SnNiCu IMC in the interface through top and cross-section view, respectively. In addition, the intensity of plate-like Ag3Sn IMC formation in the SnxAgCu solder bulk from 1 to 4%Ag was observed by SEM as well. The CSP BGA package with above combination was assembled to PC boards with OSP finish using Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder paste under 245degC peak temperature reflow. The test vehicle assembled was subject to mechanical drop test following JESD22-B111 to evaluate the solder joint integrity after zero and 150degC/250hrs thermal aging. The effect of interfacial IMC morphology evolution and Ag3Sn intensity in solder bulk by x (Ag percentage) and X (forth element addition) on the mechanical drop performance is concluded. Furthermore, one approaching in IMC microstructure control to overcome SnAgCu drop concern will be presented


Based on the data of variety,weather,soil,production condition etc.and knowledge model and the four layers web structure of"Web browser/Web server/Application server/Database server",a knowledge model and web-based decision support system for crop management(KMWDSSCM)was developed by using the engineering and technique of the software component and web application.Case studies on KMWDSSCM with the datasets in Jiangsu Province indicated that the system could be effectively applied for crop management and decision support under the web service environment,and showed a good applicability and guidance on rice and wheat production at some areas of Jiangsu.


Abstract Application of water as a solvent (without any cosolvent) promotes the aza-Michael reaction of diethyl vinylphosphonate and diphenylvinylphosphine oxide with a wide range of N-nucleophiles. The solubility of the starting phosphorus substrate in water does not play a crucial role in the reaction course, decreasing to some extent the reaction rate. The reaction can be performed either at room temperature or under reflux to afford the corresponding β-aminophosphonates and β-aminophosphine oxides in excellent yields and of high purity via a simple freeze-drying isolation procedure. Application of basic catalysts makes possible the addition of weak nucleophiles such as α-amino acids and their phosphorus analogues; that is, α-aminophosphonic acids. The aqueous aza-Michael reaction allowed us to easily perform double phosphorylation of primary amines including polyamines using a reactant ratio (phosphorus substrate: amine) of 2:1.


The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the basic concepts of the mind-body continuum underlying transplantation technologies. Using modern research, the author shows that the application of transplantation technologies is based on ambivalent ideas: on the one hand, tissues and organs act as purely biological entities, on the other hand, they also imply the values of the subject's personal and сultural identity. This involves an understanding of the challenges and requirements that accompany contemporary transplantation technologies: patients need to develop the ability to switch from one bodily identity to another (so-called «intercorporeality»), while transplant physicians need the ability to work with an intentional sphere of human mind. Using a number of cross-cultural studies, this paper offers a view of how the conception of death, body and identity varies in different cultural and social settings.


Fermentation for EPA production by diatom Nitzschia laevis under different mediums was investigated.As a result,the basic medium was selected,which is 8LDM that is enhanced the concentration of nutritions 7 times.By applying 8LDM medium,the EPA yield reached 93.22mg/L.This result was 4.24 times and 4.36 times to f/2 and LDM,respectively.


This paper presents the design, implementation, and application guidelines for several Master Power Plant Controllers (MPPCs) that have been used in project specific locations across parts of North America and Australia. The MPPCs described here provide advanced grid functions for hybrid power plants and wind farms that have a mix of different OEM technologies and associated control strategies. Over the course of this paper, advanced grid functionalities of the MPPCs that are site specific and uncommon are described. As dynamic models for the MPPCs were not available for simulation studies, the authors developed user defined models (UDMs) in commercial RMS and EMT software tools like PSS/E and PSCAD; which were then configured and tuned to study the impact of site-specific functionalities. The studies showed that the MPPCs can replicate the behavior of the actual equipment and when tuned and parameterized to site specific settings are capable of meeting the grid code requirements. The projects described in the paper have been tested and verified to meet interconnection requirements for several ISOs including ERCOT, HECO, LUMA Energy (formerly PREPA) and AEMO. The MPPCs models have been deemed appropriate by the respective ISOs/RTOs/TSPs for dynamic simulations that are routinely performed for evaluating system impact and transmission planning studies. For each of the projects described, the authors have had extensive discussions with MPPC OEMs confirming the dynamic performance of the onsite equipment to the study results. Simulation results presented in the paper depict the effectiveness of such MPPCs with more proliferation of converter-based resources in the grid.


Multifunctional complex flavour mixtures, which simplify and speed up food production, are of great importance in the meat processing industry. The aim of the research was to identify the quality of complex food spice mixes prepared by a producer. It was found that the compositions of the grill spice mix met the regulations in terms of organoleptic, physical, and chemical parameters. The garlic mixture sample revealed the presence of edible salt, not declared by the manufacturer. Dietary fiber was present in all the mixes under study. Garlic 1:6 sample differed from the other complex additives by the increased content of Al, Li, Mg, P, Si, Sr, Te, as well as the presence of Mo, Ti, V, and W. The 'grill spice mix' had relatively high amounts of Ca, Cr, and Fe, but did not contain detectable amount of Si, declared by the manufacturer as part of E551. The composition of the grill spice mix stood out because of the high content of Mn, Na, and Zn, an aroma mixture – Cu. It should be noted that E627 and E631 flavor enhancers were found in an aroma mixture, whereas E450 stabilizer and emulsifier was found in a grill aroma mixture. According to a number of experts, these components pose a threat to the human body as they can cause intestinal and stomach disorders. In this regard, it is necessary to understand which food additives need to be excluded from a person's diet, which are especially dangerous, and which are safe to consume from time to time in small quantities as part of meat products.


Multidimensional integrals are expressed in terms of lower dimensional integrals and function evaluations. An iterative process is used where a trapezoidal and three point identities are used as generators for higher dimensional identities. Bounds are obtained utilising the resulting identities. It is demonstrated that earlier Ostrowski type results are obtained as particular instances of the current work.


One of the mysteries of Joseph Brodsky's biography was that, even as Petersburg continued to haunt many of Brodsky's writings of exile, the poet himself did not return to his native city after being exiled in 1972. In this article, Andrew Reynolds explores the notion of the "Petersburg text" as it applies to Brodsky's work and reveals Brodsky's deep ambivalence toward the kenoticism central to many readings of the "Petersburg text" and the "Russian idea" itself. The article argues that Brodsky's "last" poem, "August," is both an attempt to exorcise and, ultimately, an acceptance of the fatidic patterns which seem to make a "return to Petersburg" inevitable in art if not in life. The poem is both an elegy for a (still living?) tradition and a self-elegy, and represents Brodsky's final recognition that he is Aleksandr Pushkin's successor in more ways than one: the strongest Russian poets always die "in January," irrespective of which month or season becomes one's "fate."


Eye tracking analysis. When watch 2D images, the scan path of our eyes is not a smooth curve but a series of short stops and quick movements over the interesting regions. The short stops are called fixations and the fast movement between two fixations is called saccade. According to [Yar], an observer's scan paths may be totally different when performing different visual tasks, even though the observed image is the same. Jacob et al. [JK03] show that the fixation statistics, including the number of fixations, the averaging time of each fixation, and the average length of consecutive fixations, can be used to analyze the performance of our concentration during the viewing process.


The performance prediction of user equipment (UE) metrics has many applications in the 5G era and beyond. For instance, throughput prediction can improve carrier selection, adaptive video streaming's quality of experience (QoE), and traffic latency. Many studies suggest distributed learning algorithms (e.g., federated learning (FL)) for this purpose. However, in a multi-tier design, features are measured in different tiers, e.g., UE tier, and gNodeB (gNB) tier. On one hand, neglecting the measurements in one tier results in inaccurate predictions. On the other hand, transmitting the data from one tier to another improves the prediction performance at the expense of increasing network overhead and privacy risks. In this paper, we propose cascaded FL to enhance UE throughput prediction with minimum network footprint and privacy ramifications (if any). The idea is to introduce feedback to conventional FL, in multi-tier architectures. Although we use cascaded FL for UE prediction tasks, the idea is rather general and can be used for many prediction problems in multi-tier architectures, such as cellular networks. We evaluate the performance of cascaded FL by detailed and 3GPP compliant simulations of London's city center. Our simulations show that the proposed cascaded FL can achieve up to 54% improvement over conventional FL in the normalized gain, at the cost of 1.8 MB (without quantization) and no cost with quantization.


We proposed a new fast switchable patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode using UV curable reactive mesogen (RM) which was mixed with vertical alignment layer. In this mixed alignment layer, the pretilt angle was controlled according to an applied voltage during UV exposure for curing the RM. As a result, the response time was dramatically improved at the whole grey levels by controlling the pretilt angle in conventional PVA mode.


ABSTRACT A human cytomegalovirus mutant that was isolated for resistance (10-fold) to the antisense oligonucleotide fomivirsen (ISIS 2922) exhibited cross-resistance to a modified derivative of fomivirsen with an identical base sequence but little or no resistance to an oligonucleotide with an unrelated sequence. No changes in the mutant's DNA corresponding to the fomivirsen target sequence were found.


We report the complete genome sequence of Sandaracinobacter sp. strain M6 obtained by Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. The approximately 3.4 Mb genome sequence with a GC content of 67.65% provides essential data for future taxonomic studies and information for further investigating the metabolic characteristics of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs. ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequence of Sandaracinobacter sp. strain M6 obtained by Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. The approximately 3.4-Mb genome sequence with a GC content of 67.65% provides essential data for future taxonomic studies and information for further investigating the metabolic characteristics of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs.


The relationships between three kinds of soil organic nutritions(organic acids,monosaccharides and B vitamins) and the quality of Fuji apple were studied using field investigation and laboratory analysis.The correlations between soil organic nutritions and quality of the apples were evaluated by the methods of correlation and path analyses.The results show that the soil arabinose,nicotinamide and citric acid are very significantly correlated with the fruit organic acid content,and the correlation coefficients are 0.621,0.648 and 0.587,respectively.The path coefficients are large between the arabinose(1.123),citric acid(0.668),vitamin B2(0.757)and the fruit soluble sugar content,and they are the main positive impacts on soluble sugar content,while the soil oxalic acid content has negative(-0.558) impact on it.The direct path coefficients from ribose and rhamnose to fruit anthocyanins are 0.706 and 0.644,and the acetic acid and oxalic acid have negative impacts on the formation of anthocyanin,the path coefficients are-0.765 and-0.664.The content of fruit vitamin C is extremely and positively correlated with the three types of organic soil nutritions,and the coefficients of correlations between soluble solids and tartaric acid and vitamin B6 content are 0.682 and 0.613.The contents of soil carbohydrates shows a negative correlation with fruit firmness size and a significant positive correlation with the size of the fruits.The arabinose,ribose,vitamin B2 and lactic acid are the main factors affecting fruit yield.


Regarding that agribusiness is one of main sections in growth in the Brazil, what is reflected in the external trade, its importance becomes evident in the progress of international markets. To become itself a nation of international competition, Brazil needs improving quality and amount of produced meat, through investments in alimentary safety, quality of the carcasses, rastreabilidade, cattle production in less aggressive system to the environment and human health, besides other. Regarding the countries that compose the international market of agribusiness of the meat as: USA, Australia, India, New Zealand, Argentina, Canada, Russia, Japan, Mexico, Korea, etc. some present a good perspective of growth, but Brazil present optimistic forecasts of export, indicating that possibly will continue as larger producing of world cattle meat.


The purpose of this paper is to interrogate the effects of domestic violence among children in Botswana. Domestic violence is a global problem as it affects people from both poor and stable economies. Research has shown that there is a link between domestic violence and child abuse. This link has been shown in and confirmed by various studies conducted in a number of countries including China, South Africa, Colombia, India, Egypt, Philippines and Mexico (Unicef, 2005). Botswana like many countries of the world has a challenge of protecting children from being victims of domestic violence. Most violence in Botswana is reported to occur within intimate relationships which takes the form of emotional, physical and psychological abuse and mostly occurs among women. It has also been observed that domestic violence is common mostly in male dominated cultures which are either patriarchal or patrilineal and often justified by their customs and traditions, and condoned by law (Kanchipuntu and Mwale, 2016). This violence is said to affect children's lives as it may result in emotional trauma, physical and psychological barriers in schooling and educational experience in general (Lloyd, 2018). Paradoxically, children find themselves entangled in domestic violence with very little knowledge of what steps to take to end the form of abuse they experience. Governments, education systems and schools in particular have a role to play to mitigate the situation that children find themselves in hence the suggested strategies. More research needs to be undertaken to develop ways of dealing with domestic violence in schools which are culturally sensitive..


A new parallel formulation of the alpha-beta algorithm for minimax game tree searching is presented. Its chief characteristic is incremental information sharing among subsearch processes in the form of "provisional" node value communica tion. Such "eager" communication can offer the double benefit of faster search focusing and enhanced parallelism. This effect is particularly advantageous in the prevalent case when static value correlation exists among adjacent nodes. A message-passing formulation of this idea, termed the "Key Node Method", is outlined. Preliminary exper imental resul ts for this method are reported, supporting its validity and potential for increased speedup. This work has supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant HCS 78-03832. 1. The alpha-beta algorithm 1.1. Review The alpha-beta strategy is a familiar method for economizing on the cost of minimax searching on game trees. Under this strategy, move generation at a node is "cut-off" or abandoned whenever it is determined from nearby node values that the node's ultimate value cannot possibly rise to the root of the tree. Such cuts may be "shallow" (due to a superior sibling), or "deep" (due to a superior ancestor sibling). Although the alpha-beta strategy has at times been called a heuristic, it is rather an optimization admitting no possibility of error in top-level minimax move selection. A number of studies have estimated the savings obtained by the alpha-beta strategy under vc.rious conditions (e.g. [13J). In sum, these findings indicate that the alpha-beta strategy significantly slows (but does not eliminate) the exponential cost of searching to increasing game tree depths. In view of its ease of implementation in ordinary (i.e. recursive) depth-first searching, the method has seen


The agreement is the agreement of both parties or more, which both parties agree and promise each other to do something that has been agreed. As well as the Civil Guild in which there is agreement between both parties or more, who promised to put something into the fellowship, with the aim of obtaining the benefits derived from the partnership. The method used in this research is normative qualitative. Based on data in the form of authentic deeds in the pharmacy in this city of Surakarta, in this contains various aspects of the subject, object, rights and obligations, regulations on wanprestasi and overmacht. In this case the author examines how the construction of the law and how the protection of the law in the authentic Act of the Pharmacy, which the author later wrote with some norms and doctrines in covenant and civil fellowship.


The clathrate complex of 3- (2-phenylethyl) -2-thioxo-1,3 thiazolidin-4-one with betadex was developed for the first time. 1: 5 ratio obtained by the solid-phase synthesis method, which has a crystalline form in the form of nanoparticles with an average size of 40.5 nm. In the present work, the effect of the created nanoscale form of 3- (2-phenylethyl) -2-thioxo-1,3 thiazolidin-4-one on protein metabolism, growth and development of Wistar rats was first studied. It was shown that the administration of 3- (2-phenylethyl) -2-thioxo-1,3 thiazolidin-4-one nanosized form in rats at doses of 10.0 and 20.0 mg / kg body weight activates the biosynthetic system and promotes an increase in protein deposition in their body. Nitrogen retention in rats of the experimental groups compared with the control increased by 20.0% (P≤0.05) due to a decrease in its endogenous losses, and the urea content in the blood serum was lower by 24.1 and 26.4%, respectively, compared to control. In rats of the experimental groups, the concentration of total protein (P≤0.05), albumin (P≤0.05) and globulins in the blood was higher compared to the control. It was found that in female rats of the experimental groups, in comparison with the control and intact animals, their growth and development were statistically significantly higher. In this case, the optimal dose of the nanoscale form of 3- (2 – phenylethyl) -2-thioxo-1,3 thiazolidin-4-one is a dose of 10.0 mg / kg of rat body weight.


The neutralization process applin g lime cream to dispose fluoride ion waste water in low pH value condition was described in this paper.in this method,the problem which the materia ls of appliances were corroded heavily has been solved efficiently,it provides a new way how to remove the fluoride i on during acid making process in smelt factories.


As the predecessor of Hong Kong Zhong Wai Xin Bao,the first Chinese daily newspaper in China,Hong Kong Chuan Tou Huo Jia Zhi(started publication in 1857) occupied a special position in the recent development history of Chinese newspapers.This article mainly attempts to: 1) study the editing guidelines and orientation of this newspaper(including its Japanese edition) by reviewing its coverage and comments on the "Pig Issue";2) further confirm its affiliation to The Hong Kong Daily Press,British colonial English newspaper in Hong Kong.Despite the fact that the editor of the newspaper was a Chinese and boasted himself "to be good to the Chinese",the paper was not able to be "self-controlled",thus could not be attributed to Chinese-run newspaper.


Urban Ecological Environmental Quality(UEQ)Assessment is the main issues of Urban ecology,and provide basis for urban region planning and ecological management.In this article,we have collected ten ecological quality assessment index based on the aspects of bio-geophysical,ecological functions,and urban environmental qualities in urban ecosystem.i.e.ecological service index,public green land per person,biodiversity index,index on infrastructure for non-industrial use etc.UEQ index can be calculated using the sum of the weighted single index.At last we select seven cities like as qindao,shanghai,changchun and others cities which have a typical environment and imporment cities as an example to examine the method we addressed,the assessmemt results have said that Qindao city have a good ecological environment quality,but Wulumuqi city is general.This results have proved this method can be used to city planning,city ecological environment repairing and city ecological environment management.


Ionaspis fuegensis, I. granvina and I. ventosa are described. The genus is recorded for the first time with certainty from the cool-temperate Southern Hemisphere. I. granvina differs from all other species in its carbonaceous black exciple and I. ventosa in its ecology: windswept mountain summits.


to improve brightness, a simple optical irradiation system (simple delivery) was used which achieved experimentally a beam diameter of 6.8 μm on a focal plane. From wavefront analysis, it was verified that the simple delivery has much reduced residual aberrations over the conventional optical system (zoom delivery) tested for comparison. In irradiation experimentation, an 11.5 μm diameter burn mark was observed on coagulation test paper and a 12.7 μm coagulation mark on a pseudo-biological sample. The difference between the actual beam diameter and irradiation results is due to thermal diffusion property of the sample media. A photocoagulator with a beam of this improved brightness is expected to be particularly applicable to microsurgery in ophthalmic treatment.


Abstract: The aim of this research was to develop the Student Worksheet development in digestion system content for grade VIII junior high school with scientific approach. The research was done at Faculty of Education, University of Riau in September until November 2015. The study refers to research approaches Research and Development using ADDIE models developed by Dick and Carry. Research carried out until the stage of development. The subjects is KD 3.6 junior high school grade VIII in digestion system content . Population and samples for limited trial randomly determine that the class VIII BK in SMP Negeri 1 Pekanbaru as many as 25 students. Result of the validation of the design, pedagogical and content aspects showed all student worksheets obtain an average score 3.64, 3.63, 3.62, 3.53, and 3.60 categorized as very valid while the student response from the aspect of design and content showed all student worksheet obtain an average score 3.58, 3.58, 3.57, 3.87, and 3.50 with the excellent category. Keywords: Development, Student Worksheet, Scientific Approach.2


Thank you very much for downloading wilderness wanderings probing twentieth century theology and philosophy. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this wilderness wanderings probing twentieth century theology and philosophy, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their computer.


Dealing with a growing amount of data is a crucial challenge for the future of information and communication technologies. More and more devices are expected to transfer data through the Internet, therefore new solutions have to be designed in order to guarantee low latency and efficient traffic management. In this paper, we propose a solution that combines the edge computing paradigm with a decentralized communication approach based on Peer-to-Peer (P2P). According to the proposed scheme, participants to the system are employed to relay messages of other devices, so as to reach a destination (usually a server at the edge of the network) even in absence of an Internet connection. This approach can be useful in dynamic and crowded environments, allowing the system to outsource part of the traffic management from the Cloud servers to end-devices. To evaluate our proposal, we carry out some experiments with the help of LUNES, an open source discrete events simulator specifically designed for distributed environments. In our simulations, we tested several system configurations in order to understand the impact of the algorithms involved in the data dissemination and some possible network arrangements.


The new multi-bunch feedback kickers have been designed for SPEAR3 to replace the current device loaned from ALS. In this paper, we first present the specification of the kickers based on the beam physics requirements. Then the mechanical design of the kicker is elaborated. Next we present numerical simulations, both in the time and frequency domains, that we conducted to evaluate the shunt impedance and beam coupling impedance of the kicker. We also used the simulation results to estimate the surface heating induced from the beam and the external source.


This article analyses the mechanism and architectures of the most threatening attack to the electronic websites nowa-days,which is DDoS(Distributed Deny of Service) attack.The article further describes the different features of its subcategories and the different measures to keep web sites from being seriously damaged after having been attacked.Moreover,besides the technical issues,the social and management issues are also referred,and these issues may be the vital measures to entirely elim-inate possibilities from being damaged by the DDoS attack.


This thesis evaluates techniques for improving the performance of three architecturally different web servers. We study strategies for effectively accepting incoming connections under conditions of high load. The experimental evaluation shows that the method used to accept new connection requests can significantly impact server performance. By modifying each server's accept strategy, we improve the performance of the kernel-mode TUX server, the multi-threaded Knot server and the event-driven μserver. Under two different workloads, we improve the throughput of these servers by as much as 10% – 39% for TUX, 0% – 32% for Knot, and 39% – 71% for the μserver. This thesis provides and in-depth look at these results, including analysis of throughput, queue drops, response times, and other server statistics. Interestingly, the performance improvements realized by the user-mode μserver allow it to obtain performance that rivals that of an unmodified TUX server.


This article describes the design of a modular demonstrator (Enhanced Driver Awarness - EDA) aimed at integrating various safety embedded vehicular applications. Two goals are achieved with this demonstrator: the first one is to provide a complete set of useful function in order to develop safety applications; the other one is to allow multiple services to run simultaneously on the same vehicle sharing information to improve their potentials. This demonstrator has been used in the European CVIS project, which aim is to provide a set of technologies defined for embedded safety vehicle application.


The process of fourth harmonic generation in multicascade laser installation is experimentally investigated. The operative correction of phase synchronism in nonlinear crystals permits to compensate an installation parameters drift and provides stable radiation conversion to the 4th harmonic with efficiency 0.4 divided by 0.5 at E4 approximately 10 J.


Aim:To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α(HIF-lα)and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the rat brain duiing clironic cerebral hypoperfusion and explore compensatory and adaptive mechanisms in it. Methods:The model induced by permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion was used in this study. Expressions of HIF-1α and VEGFwere measured by Western blotting. Results: HIF-1α and VEGF concentrations were up-regulated at 1d after the onset of operation and increased further at 6 weeks. Conclusion: Expression of HIF-1αand VEGF increase in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and this implicates compensatory and adaptive mechanisms in it.


In this paper, a nonlinear torque observer for Spark Ignition (SI) engine is proposed and a torque control method based on the observer is presented. In the observer, a torque production model is employed to give the nominal value of torque estimation. Then, using the rotational dynamic equation of the crankshaft, a nonlinear adjusting law is added to correct the nominal estimation. The proposed observer is used to realize closed loop torque control, where the torque demand is given by solving an optimal speed tracking problem. To demonstrate the observer and torque controller, experimental results are shown finally.


The study aims to investigate the possibility of using Streamline Upwind/Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) and Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for advection-dominated scalar mixing with high Schmidt number. Simplified test-cases reveal poor shock-capturing abilities of the classical SUPG and DG methods. High accuracy was obtained without the presence of shock. A patient-specific 3D model of the cervical Spinal Subarachnoid Space (SSS) in a healthy subject was used to simulate the flow of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Two geometries were used; one without micro-anatomy, and one with idealized nerve roots and denticulate ligaments (NRDL) based on in vivo measurements reported in the literature. CFD simulations were performed with and without NRDL to address the impact of NRDL. Elevated velocities, higher pressure gradient, and a more complex velocity field were seen with the inclusion of NRDL. Comparison of streamlines with and without NRDL revealed the formation of vorticity structures caused by NRDL. The inclusion of NRDL had little impact of the phase-lag between the pressure and velocity. The Lagrangian Particle Tracking method was applied to simulate the drug distribution. After 40 cardiac cycles, a 2.7-fold increase of the vertical extent was seen with the inclusion of NRDL, while the peak concentration was 3 times larger without NRDL. The sensitivity of the needle position, needle elevation, azimuth, and injection velocity were addressed. Sensitivity to injection velocity and azimuth angle was small, while the needle position and elevation angle gave significantly different results after 13 cardiac cycles.


Curling is an important behavior of concrete slabs subjected to temperature and moisture gradients. Currently, conventional beam and plate theories are used to model this behavior. These theories, however, assume that plane cross sections remain plane and perpendicular to the midplane after deformation, which eliminates the occurrence of transverse shear. Field data and numerical simulation have shown that the actual temperature and moisture gradients through the depth of concrete slabs are highly nonlinear. And these nonlinear gradients make the assumption of beam and plate theories invalid anymore. This study attempts to utilize high order shear deformable theory, which provides extra freedom for the lateral movement of the cross sections, to characterize the curling behavior of concrete slabs.


Background: The management of critically ill obstetric patients presents a unique challenge. Dedicated High Dependency Unit (HDU) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for obstetric patients are widely available in India. The data regarding obstetric critical care is invaluable in formulating policy decisions. The objective is to study the profile of cases admitted to obstetric HDU and ICU and to evaluate maternal outcome and co-morbid conditions.Methods: This was a prospective observational study between January 2017 and June 2018.Results: Total number of obstetric admissions was 7966. Total admissions to obstetric ICU were 60. ICU cases accounted for 0.7% of all obstetric admissions and 1.1% all deliveries. Obstetric cases formed 1.6% of total ICU admissions. Number of admissions to HDU was 576. HDU cases accounted for 7.2 % of all obstetric admissions. HDU utilization rate was 11.32%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n=22, 33.3%), obstetric haemorrhage (n=18, 30%), septic abortion (n=2, 3.3%) were the most common conditions necessitating admission.Conclusions: Hemorrhage was the most common indication for admission to HDU. Delayed identification and referral were the important obstacles. There is a need for early booking at peripheral centres. Introduction of obstetric ICU and multidisciplinary approach has brought down the incidence of maternal mortality in present centre.


This paper studied a CGC method for determining chloral hydrate in wastewater. The preceding disposal of the method is using (2 + 1) petroleum benzine-diethyl ether to extract chloral hydrate. RSD is 4. 9% and recovery rates are 91. 2%-101. 1%. The detection limit is 4×10-2ng.


Governments are employing modern information and communication technologies to serve society better. Raising the effectiveness and quality of government services is not only a matter of new technologies; it also involves clear vision and objectives as well as a sound business strategy. Information systems need to support internal work within a government's boundaries, serve customers through digital interfaces and leverage digital relationships among social partners. To implement such systems, preparatory work is required in both organization and technology. A new public information management philosophy underlies this significant revamping of the value propositions made to customers. The ongoing enrichment of the Greek Ministry's of Finance e‐services follows an ICDT‐like business logic. A key factor of all these advances is the re‐orientation of information systems for customer‐centric service.


In
 the Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and
 Experimental Medicine (ITEM) in Hannover, tumor studies with micro-computed tomography (μCT)
 and micro-positron emission tomography (μPET) are conducted in c-raf mice. For this purpose mice are scanned with the μCT
 (GE Locus μCT, GE Healthcare) and μPET (explore Optix
 OptiView, GE Healthcare) regularly. With the μCT
 the tumor is characterized concerning size, shape,
 and anatomic location while in the μPET metablolic
 activity is evaluated. The obtained results assist in grading tumor formation and growth especially in the lung. In
 general, animals are scanned every 14 days. Using optical imaging provides an
 opportunity to document the progress of the disease without having to
 euthanatize a subgroup of animals for each time point. Therefore, the number
 of animals needed for a study is greatly reduced.
 The
 purpose of this study was a more precise estimation of the radiation dose
 applied to laboratory animals in the μCT and μPET as well as an
 evaluation of the relationship between dose and tumor
 incidence.
 Thermoluminescence
 dosimeter (TLD, type TLD-100H) were used to measure the radiation dose. A
 PMMA phantom was used to conduct the measurements in a μCT owned by the Fraunhofer ITEM. At each time point the PMMA phantom was
 loaded with new TLD and different scan protocols were performed with six
 repetitions each. Experimental values were multiplied by calibration factors and converted
 into KERMA.
 With six repetitions the mean value
 for protocol 2 was between 162.7 mGy (± 3.0) in the
 direct path of rays. The overall dose for a three-month study during which
 the mice were scanned approximately six times was calculated by adding the
 individual doses. The overall dose varies between 1.27 and 1.42 Gy depending on the position of the phantom in the μCT
 and on the protocol (1.27 Gy in a two minute and
 1.42 Gy in a three minute exposure). The overall
 dose for a long-term study over six months during which the mice were scanned
 approximately 12 times varied between 2.55 and 2.85 Gy
 depending on the position of the phantom in the μCT and protocol. The
 overall dose for this study was calculated by adding the individual doses.
 For
 dose measurements in the mouse cadavers 14 TLD were positioned on the inside
 and outside of the cadaver for each scan. The mean dose in the lungs was
 calculated with regard to the TLD in the inner and outer lung field. For the μCT-
 studies over three months and six months the mean dose was calculated to be
 1.28 Gy and 2.57 Gy,
 respectively.
 In
 the Fraunhofer ITEM μCT and μPET scans
 are performed simultaneously. For this purpose nine TLD were placed on each
 of six mice prior to the application of the radiopharmaceutical 18F-FDG and
 left in place for up to 75 minutes.
 Doses
 on the surface of the mouse were assessed to be between 5.4 mGy (TLD- position head) and 8.8 mGy
 (TLD-position abdomen). The calculated values close to the urinary bladder
 showed doses of ca. 30 mGy. Due to the fact that
 the 18F-FDG is filtrated through the glomerular
 capillaries and accumulated in the bladder the doses were expected to be
 higher than those recorded for other calculations.
 For
 the calculation of the total dose for mice in the μPET also the positron
 radiation had to be considered. The TLD were not able to measure the positron
 radiation. The total calculated dose for mice in μPET was therefore 143 mGy. This dose had a good compliance to the theoretical
 dose of the Monte Carlo method with 140 mGy (TASCHEREAU u. CHATZIIOANNOU 2007).
 To gain a better insight into the
 anatomic relations reflected in the μPET pictures, mice
 were additionally scanned with the μCT. Therefore, the overall dose per mouse was calculated
 based on μPET and μCT values. These values were assessed to be
 between 2.11 and 2.26 Gy for the three months study
 based on the settings of the μCT and positioning of the phantom. For the
 six months study the values had a range between 4.23 and 4.53 Gy. Depending on positioning in the μCT and program
 the differences in dose measurements revealed a value of 0.43 Gy per minute of exposure to rays during the long-term
 study. Consequently, the data reflects the necessity to practice with
 cadavers until the person placing the mouse in the μCT is skilled enough
 to handle living mice.
 The
 data collected during this study shows that the 4.5 Gy
 radiation dose mice are exposed to during a long-term study (six months) is
 significant. According to COGGLE (1988) the tumor
 incidence in albino outbred mice (SAS/4) is
 determined to be 15 percent if an exposure dose of 4.5 Gy
 has been applied over a time span of six months. To sum up, the radiation
 dose during a long-term study has the potential to influence the development
 and growth of the tumor. For a more precise
 estimate of the incidence of tumors induced by
 radiation a similar study to that reported by COGGLE in 1988 with the same
 breed of laboratory mice (C47/BL6).


The presence of sulphur in fuels produces SOx emissions after combustion. These emissions decrease the air quality with negative impact on the environment and public health. Unfortunately, relatively high levels of sulphur are present in both locally processed and imported diesel in Nigeria due to the natural presence of sulphur in crude oil. Efforts to reduce this content during processing is quite cost intensive. This necessitates the need for a cheaper but efficient method to reduce, if not totally eliminate the sulphur in the processed fuel prior to its use. In this study, Coconut shells were activated and used as adsorbents for sulphur removal from the fuel, via an adsorption process. Results obtained with coconut shell were compared with using imported activated carbon. The efficiency of both adsorbents were nearly at per. Adsorption isotherms were plotted and it was found that the Linear isotherm best described the adsorption of sulphur using activated coconut shell – with an R value of 0.7118 as against that 0.6457 of Langmiur isotherm and 0.663 of Freundlich isotherms respectively. Using Coconut shell activated carbon will save our Nation some foreign currency in the importation of activated carbon for desulphurization and similar uses.


Physical mechanism in Kondo insulator with nearly homogeneous energy gap is studied based on the model for the valence fluctuation regime in which the mixing band electron is of localized character and the first excited state is a s -wave exciton. This model is applied to new experimental studies by the inelastic neutron scattering in SmB 6 and YbB 12 , as well as their alloys. Therefore, the present model is based on the effective one site Kondo state model. The Luttinger theorem is also critically studied on this stand point. Detailed q -dependence of the s -wave exciton peak in SmB 6 is calculated based on the present model. Good agreement is obtained even though there is no adjustable parameter. In particular, two peak structure along both [111] and [011] directions with the intensity ratio of 3:1, as well as the sharp q dependences are explained very well. Anomalous behaviors in the alloy systems are also well explained based on the present model.


Ground based radiometric observations of atmospheric attenuation at 20.6, 31.65, and 90.0 GHz were made at Wallops Island, Virginia during April and May 1989. Early results from the analysis of the data set are compared with previous observations from California and Colorado. The relative attenuation ratios observed at each frequency during clear, cloudy, and rainy conditions are shown. Plans for complete analysis of the data are described.


Word Sense Disambiguation is a formal way of saying, " Which dictionary definition is correct in context? " Humans are adept at extracting the context of a sentence and applying it to every word. If the sentence is " I like to swim next to the river bank, " then the word " bank " means " sloping land " and does not mean " a financial institution. " Humans know this because the words " river " and " swim " have very little to do with finance. Humans have years of knowledge and experience to quickly contextualize the meaning of every word. A machine, however, has a much harder time finding the correct meaning. It takes thousands of computations for even the simplest algorithms, which are not very accurate. Even so, many applications such as language translators are still available and sold today. Language translation relies heavily on word sense disambiguation. For this reason many translated sentences do not make much sense. Solving word sense disambiguation would help with many applications such as language translation. This project explores solutions to the word sense disambiguation dilemma. There are a variety of tools such as WordNet and SemCor referenced in this project. WordNet is a lexical database that investigates several relations for comparing words and glosses of a word. SemCor is a collection of text tagged with the proper part of speech and definitions. This researcher uses the semantic relations from WordNet and examples from SemCor to measure which definitions are most likely to be correct in the context of the communication. A genetic algorithm employs these measurements to find the optimal set of definitions across several sentences. Then, the researcher compares the algorithm to other word sense disambiguation algorithms.


In view of the recently reported evidence for a nonzero Majorana mass of the electron neutrino, together with the established phenomena of atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillations, the case of three nearly mass-degenerate Majorana neutrinos is now an interesting possibility. We show in this paper how a natural pattern of symmetry breaking in the recently proposed A4 model of Majorana neutrino masses can accommodate the data on neutrino oscillations, resulting in the predictions sin2 2θatm = 1 and sin2 2θsol = 2/3.


Values are the effectiveness of objects' satisfaction to subjects' needs,the realization of subjects' desires and the accession to subjects' purposes.They represent man's self-awareness of the interior standards.These standards can both represent his mind and theories.Values are the standards of human beings' evaluations,choices and recreations of the material world and himself during the course of social practice.Publicity is marked by the communality,co-operation,sharing and commonality of objects,fields and human being's behaviors and beliefs.Public values are the effectiveness of the above objects' satisfactions to the subjects' needs,desires and purposes.They arc the self-awareness and representations of human being's interior standards in the same community.They are the socially-used standards for evaluating,choosing and recreating public affaires and human beings themselves living in the same community.


Chronic lung disease (CLD) is the most common and serious lung disease in premature infants. In this study, we predict the severity (mild or severe) of neonatal chest X-ray images using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to enable early intervention to provide personalized treatment and improve prognosis. Thirty subjects were tested in a leave-one-out cross validation experiment using 30 chest X-ray images of 11 patients with mild disease and 19 patients with severe disease at 7 days of age. To improve the prediction accuracy, we proposed to limit the input image of the CNN to the lung field region and to use a pre-training model for transfer learning. Four different experiments were conducted, comparing the results with different input images (whole image or lung field region) and with and without transfer learning. The results showed that the best accuracy was obtained when the entire image was used as input and no transfer learning was performed, with an Accuracy of 0.667.


By searching the title, publisher, or authors of guide you truly want, you can discover them rapidly. In the house, workplace, or perhaps in your method can be every best place within net connections. If you intend to download and install the minorities in american higher education recent trends current prospects and, it is totally easy then, back currently we extend the belong to to buy and make bargains to download and install minorities in american higher education recent trends current prospects and thus simple!


This article analyzes the traces left by the Jews on the Idrīsid coinage. These traces will be evident in a group of letters, names and Hebrew terms as well as on a few different monetary symbols. First, I will expose the role played by Jews in Muslims lands and the religious ideas that conditioned their work as metalworkers and coin minters. Secondly, I will analyze the Idrīsid case: the role of the Jewish tribes in mining and in the manufacture of coins as well as the signs and symbols that they reproduced on their coins. In addition, I will also analyze the possible influence that the symbols found on the eastern Umayyad could have had on the Idrisīd coinage and its possible Jewish origin.


10043 Background: While the addition of anti-GD2 immunotherapy led to improvement in outcomes in patients on the Children's Oncology Group (COG) ANBL0032 study, relapse remains a concern. Prior studies demonstrated the prognostic importance of time to first relapse, however, the effect of immunotherapy on timing and patterns of relapse in neuroblastoma (NBL) have yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to describe the impact of immunotherapy on patterns of relapse in patients with high-risk NBL, including a descriptive comparison of sites of relapse based on post-consolidation treatment received [dinutuximab with cytokines and isotretinoin (DIN) vs isotretinoin alone (ISO)]. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive analysis of patients on ANBL0032 was performed, including patients randomized to DIN or ISO and those non-randomly assigned to DIN after ISO arm closure. Pt characteristics including age, stage, MYCN amplification status, tumor grade, mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI) and ploidy were summarized descriptively and relapse sites were tabulated. For DIN patients who subsequently relapsed, overall survival (OS) was calculated starting from the time of first relapse after enrollment on ANBL0032 ("post-relapse OS"). Kaplan-Meier OS curves were generated based on site of relapse. Results: The analytic cohort included 1,431 (DIN = 1,327; ISO = 104) patients. Among DIN patients, 492 relapsed, many in > 1 site. In the randomized cohort (n = 248), 122 relapsed (DIN = 68/144; ISO = 54/104). The frequencies (DIN; ISO) by site of relapse in the randomized cohort were: bone (53%; 54%), CNS (16%; 11%), lymph node (13%; 17%), abdominal (10%; 17%), paraspinal (6%; 2%), liver (3%; 4%), other soft tissue (22%; 7%). A higher proportion of ISO patients had marrow relapse (29.4% DIN; 48.2% ISO); however, the proportion of DIN patients with lung relapses appeared higher (9% vs 2%). Among all relapsed patients, the proportion with bone relapse did not appear to differ between treatment groups, regardless of MYCN status. Among patients with MYCN amplified disease, the proportion with marrow relapse did not appear to differ based on treatment [21/149 (14.1%) DIN; 3/20 (15.0%) ISO]; however, among patients with MYCN non-amplified disease, the proportion with marrow relapse appeared higher in the ISO group [16/23; 69.6%] vs the DIN group [52/193 (26.9%)]. Conclusions: In this exploratory analysis of patients on COG ANBL0032, the pattern for site of relapse appears to differ between patients treated with DIN vs ISO. While immunotherapy remains the treatment of choice in this population, the findings from this retrospective exploratory analysis warrant further investigation to decrease the risk for post-immunotherapy relapse. Clinical trial information: NCT00026312.


Objective:To study the value of high frequency ultrasound in the peripheral nerve injury treatment.Methods:28 cases of peripheral nerve injury patients were checked with the high frequency ultrasound analyzer.The injury nervous ultrasonographies were recorded,and compared with the healthy sides.Results:In normal surrounding nerve longitudinal audio-visual picture shows the number of bundles of parallel linear echo structure,peripheral nerve completely broken,interrupt the continuity of visible bundle structure to form the proximal neuroma,peripheral nerve swelling adhesion,showing diameters of nerves bundle structure echo boundaries blurred.Compression injury showed nerve thinning,internal low echo changes.Ultrasound and intraoperative findings and pathological test results in line with the rate of 85.7%.Conclusion:The high-frequency ultrasound examination of peripheral nerve injury there is a better diagnostic value of important guiding significance for the clinical treatment and choice of surgical programs.


Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with respect to its biology. In recent years, clinical and basic research have delivered data concerning tumor biology stemming from multiple methodological backgrounds, which in many cases are highly complementary to our understanding of breast cancer. For example, genetic profiling has identified subtypes of breast cancer that are both largely overlapping and complementary to data gathered in clinical research. In endocrine-related breast cancer, we can now not only formulate fairly good prediction, we can also link this knowledge to the molecular background of a tumor subtype. The following review attempts to summarize novel insights into breast cancer tumor biology as presented by representatives of clinical and basic research during the 2007 St. Gallen Consensus Meeting.


For investigating the flashover characteristics of contaminated-insulator of transmission line in service when exposed to lightning strike, this paper presents test circuit and method which is under lightning impulse voltage superimposed on power frequency voltage. Based on lots of tests, the relation between the flashover voltage of artificial contaminated insulator and the ESDD (equivalent salt deposit density) is investigated and analyzed.


We study the generalized finite element methods (GFEMs) for the second-order elliptic eigenvalue problem with an interface in 1D. The linear stable generalized finite element methods (SGFEM) were recently developed for the elliptic source problem with interfaces. We first generalize SGFEM to arbitrary order elements and establish the optimal error convergence of the approximate solutions for the elliptic source problem with an interface. We then apply the abstract theory of spectral approximation of compact operators to establish the error estimation for the eigenvalue problem with an interface. The error estimations on eigenpairs strongly depend on the estimation of the discrete solution operator for the source problem. We verify our theoretical findings in various numerical examples including both source and eigenvalue problems.


Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals have posed great challenges to transforming local economies into low-carbon economies. Hence, establishing an effective carbon management system is urgent. However, the development of the urban carbon management system is hampered by the immaturity of the carbon emission accounting system at the city level. To compensate for the insufficiency of the existing urban carbon emission accounting system and to find the city government in constructing a perfect carbon emission management system as soon as possible, this study used the data science method based on the statistical data of 285 cities in China from 2005 to 2017 to explore the influencing factors of urban carbon emissions, that is, using light gradient boosting machine and the accumulated local effects interpretable models to screen potential influencing factors of urban carbon emissions. Then, an index system for urban carbon management was evaluated and proposed, and a case analysis was conducted with urban industrial electricity consumption as a background. This method can be easily integrated with the existing urban management system, which could reduce the cost of building a carbon management system.


Harmonized protocols to collect imaging data must be devised, employed, and maintained in multicentric studies to reduce interscanner variability in subsequent analyses.


This article applies a generational perspective to approach the phenomenon of the development of an American foreign policy Establishment, an elite that was, from the late nineteenth century onward, committed to an expansive United States role, preferably in collaboration with the British empire. It argues that one can discern four generational groupings, stretching across a period of around a century: (a) the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century founders or forerunners, a group clustered around Theodore Roosevelt, who looked back to the Civil War as a formative experience; (b) those Americans already well into their careers, for whom World War I served as an epiphany, giving them new consciousness of the existence of Europe, and often converting them to a long-term belief in the importance of either Rooseveltian or Wilsonian internationalism; (c) those younger men whom one might term the 'wise men' generation, a group whose first formative experience was usually military experience in World War I, and who were also often much influenced by older men from the generation before them; and (d) the World War II generation, a less cohesive group of younger men whose formative experience was service in World War II, who witnessed the dissolution of the Establishment's authority and influence.


In order to facilitate the selection of machine whether it is suitable for high-frequency (HF)-signal injection-based sensorless control or not, this paper proposes a complete experimental investigation method for the analysis and validation of machine saliency level, including primary saliency, which is essential for HF injection-based sensorless control, and the secondary saliency, which will deteriorate the rotor-position estimation. The experimental results obtained on a new type of switched-flux permanent-magnet (SFPM) machine prove that with identified primary saliency, the accurate rotor-position estimation can be achieved, and with small secondary saliency, the estimation will not be deteriorated much in the SFPM machine. The conclusion is verified by the experiments based on the HF pulsating signal injection-based sensorless control at zero and low speeds.


When the strain tensor, the scalar damage quantity and the Laplacian thereof serve as the state variables of Helmholtz free energy, the general expressions of elasticity-gradient damage constitutive equations are derived directly from the basic law of irreversible thermodynamics by constitutive functional expansion method at the initial state. When damage variable equals to zero, the expressions can be simplified to linear elastic constitutive equations, when the damage gradient vanishes, the expressions can be simplified to the classical damage constitutive equations based on the strain equivalence hypothesis.


Background : Cocos nucifera water is consumed worldwide for its nutritional and medicinal benefit. There is a dearth of information on the levels of micronutrients in Cocos nucifera water in Nigeria. Objective : This study was aimed at evaluating electrolyte levels in the Cocos nucifera water and also to assess its suitability as an oral electrolyte replacement solution. Materials and Methods : A total of 75 Cocos nucifera sourced from the inland parts of Southern Nigeria comprising six States – Lagos, Ogun, Akwa Ibom, Cross Rivers, Imo, and Abia, with maturity greater than or equal to 12 months, were analyzed for electrolytes' composition. The degree of acidity, volume, and weight were also evaluated. Sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, total calcium, ionized calcium and the degree of acidity (pH) were assayed by ion selective electrode while zinc was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. Results : The electrolyte levels varied considerably among the States. The mean concentrations of the electrolytes of Cocos nucifera water sourced from Imo State were significantly higher than other States, with sodium value of 74.83 ± 9.35 mmol/l (f = 30.817. p = 0.000); potassium, 47.21 ± 2.21 mmol/l (f = 6.387, p = 0.000); bicarbonate, 5.38 ± 0.14 mmol/l (f = 46.798, p = 0.000); chloride, 70.78 ± 4.14 mmol/l (f = 9.701, p = 0.000); total calcium, 10.99 ± 1.43 mmol/l (f = 29.079, p = 0.000); and zinc, 1.17 ± 0.46 mg/l (f = 5.990, p = 0.000). A significant and positive relationship was observed between weight of Cocos nucifera and concentrations of ionized calcium (r = 0.580, p = 0.038), total calcium (r = 0.579, p = 0.038) and chloride (r = 0.757, p = 0.003) in Akwa Ibom State, while a negative correlation was observed between weight of Cocos nucifera and potassium concentrations in Imo State (r = -0.648, p = 0.023). Conclusion : Cocos nucifera water contains concentration of electrolytes that are adequate to correct daily nutritional deficits. The weight of Cocos nucifera is related to the volume of the water but does not necessarily reflect higher electrolyte concentrations. Keywords : Cocos nucifera water, Electrolytes, Oral Redydration Solution.


For the fractional Fourier transform(frFT) with order of 2/3,its optical implement was realized,namely when a object has been placed at one side of a positive lens of foci f with distance of f/2,its 2/3 frFT is at another side of the lens with same distance.To confirm the exactness,basing on frFT's additivity and periodicity,through the same action's observation, three and six 2/3 order frFTs were connected and contrasting with 4f and 8f optical system, respectively.The frFT's advantage was also given.


The invention discloses a liquid crystal supplying device, which comprises a plurality of liquid crystal tanks, a plurality of pipe fittings, a pipe fitting support block, a plurality of valves and a pressure supplying unit. Each liquid crystal tank stores different types of liquid crystal. The first end part of each pipe fitting is connected with each liquid crystal tank. The pipe fitting support block is provided with a plurality of through holes where the second end parts of the pipe fittings are respectively inserted. The valves are equipped on each pipe fitting. The pressure supplying unit applies pressure on the liquid crystal tanks. The different types of liquid crystal are provided with different pipe fittings and valves. Therefore, after the pipe fitting support block is inserted into a receiving hole, the desired type of liquid crystal can be supplied to a corresponding liquid crystal tank through a corresponding pipe fitting. The device in the invention thus facilitates the operation of changing the liquid crystal type to be supplied to the liquid crystal tanks.


As part of probabilistic safety analysis, the risk of structural damage to critical components of a nuclear power plant from accidentally generated turbine missiles has been evaluated. Perforation and scabbing modes of failure are considered for concrete walls, whereas perforation in case of steel barriers is identified as the only mode of failure. Available empirical formulas for assessing local damage are evaluated using turbine missile test data from the U.S. and elsewhere. The most applicable formulas are selected and uncertainties in their predictions are evaluated and incorporated in the assessment of damage probability. Monte Carlo technique and Advanced First Order Second Moment (AFOSM) method are used in evaluating damage probability. Simplified methods derived for the assessment of turbine missile damage probability are compared with Monte Carlo and AFOSM methods, and limitations of the simplified methods are investigated. Evaluation of damage probabilities of multiple barriers are also illustrated. Bounds on damage probabilities are given using normal and chi-square distributions.


Economic and financial expertise in a litigation is the key phase of the proceeding in law-suits where it is necessary to provide proof by expert assessment. The importance of expert assessment comes from the fact that findings and opinion of an expert determine the outcome of the dispute in a lawsuit. Parties in a lawsuit are active during the process of expert assessment, however, the role of the Judge is delicate, too, since he is the one to assess the findings and opinion on the matter he has insufficient knowledge of. .


In this work, geometry of tangential and affine configuration
chain complex is proposed in generalized form. Initially tangential and
affine configuration chain complexes are connected for special case n = 6,
lastly this concept is generalized for any case n ∈ N through two types of
generalized homomorphisms.


Despite recent progress improving the efficiency and quality of motion planning, planning collision-free and dynamically-feasible trajectories in partially-mapped environments remains challenging, since constantly replanning as unseen obstacles are revealed during navigation both incurs significant computational expense and can introduce problematic oscillatory behavior. To improve the quality of motion planning in partial maps, this paper develops a framework that augments sampling-based motion planning to leverage a high-level discrete layer and prior solutions to guide motion-tree expansion during replanning, affording both (i) faster planning and (ii) improved solution coherence. Our framework shows significant improvements in runtime and solution distance when compared with other sampling-based motion planners.


The characteristics of surface acoustic waves (SAW's) in M-plane GaN and AlN layers grown on γ-LiAlO 2 (100) are investigated. The SAW velocities in the (100) plane of bulk γ-LiAlO 2 are virtually identical along the [010]and [001] directions and are significantly larger than those in the M-plane bulk GaN. Despite these velocity relations, the SAW velocity in GaN/γ-LiAlO 2 heterostructures increases steadily along the GaN[1120] direction with increasing the SAW wavelength, whereas it decreases along the GaN [0001] direction. A guided Rayleigh mode is observed solely for the propagation along the GaN[1120] direction. These experimental results are compared with numerical simulations. Velocity bowing is indicated to govern the dispersion in the heterostructures.


I N T R O D U C T I O N Given the high frequency of requirements errors, the serious accidents they may cause, and the high cost of correcting them, techniques for improving the quality of requirements specifications and for early detection of requirements errors are crucial. One promising approach to reducing software errors is to apply formal methods to the requirements specification. Using a formal notation to specify requirements can reduce errors by reducing ambiguity and imprecision. Applying formal analysis to the requirements specification can detect many classes of errors, some automatically. The SCR (Software Cost Reduction) requirements method, which is based on a tabular notation, is a formal method for specifying the requirements of real-time, embedded systems introduced more than a decade ago by the A-7 project. Designed for use by engineers, the SCR method has been applied to a variety of practical systems, including avionics systems, telephone networks, and safety-critical components of nuclear power plants. Recently, a version of SCR was used to specify the requirements of Lockheed's C-130J Operational Flight Program (OFP) [a]. The OFP contains more than 100K of Ada code, thus demonstrating the scalability of the SCR method. While the above applications of SCR rely on manual techniques, effective use of the method in industry will require powerful and robust tool support. A significant barrier to industrial use of formal methods to date has been the weakness of the methods associated with given formalisms. Although much attention has been focused on the f o r m a l aspects of formal methods, too little effort has been devoted to the supporting methods. To be useful in practice, formal methods must not only provide * This work was supported by ONR and SPAWAR. http:/ /www.itd.nrl .ny.~l /ITD/554O/perso~el /heitmeyer.ht~ rigor, they must also be usable by software developers and supported by robust, well-engineered tools. In many practical cases, a large amount of detail is required to apply a formal method. This detail is unmanageable without some automation. SCR* (also called STSR) is an integrated suite of tools supporting the SCR requirements method [4]. The tools include a specification editor for creating and modifying a requirements specification, a dependency graph browser for displaying the dependencies among the variables in the specification, a s imu la tor for symbolically executing the system based on the specification, a consis tency checker for checking the specification for application-independent properties (e.g., type correctness and completeness), and a verif ier for analyzing the specification for critical application properties. SCR METHOD: B A C K G R O U N D In SCR, the required system behavior is described by a mathematical relation between monitored variables, denoting environmental quantities that the system monitors, and controlled variables, denoting environmental quantities that the system controls. To specify this relation concisely, our method uses conditions, events, and tables. A condi t ion is a predicate defined on one or more variables in the specification. An event occurs when any variable changes value. The environment changes monitored quantities, thus causing i npu t events . In response, the system may change the value of one or more controlled quantities. Each SCR table specifies the required value of a variable as a mathematical function defined on conditions and events. Among the tables in SCR specifications are condition tables, event tables, and mode transition tables. The tables facilitate industrial application of the SCR method. Not only do engineers find tables relatively easy to understand and to develop; in addition, tables can describe large quantities of requirements information concisely. SCR Requirements Model. To provide a precise and detailed semantics for the SCR method, our requirements model represents the system to be built as a finite state automaton and describes the monitored and control variables, conditions, events, and other constructs that make up an SCR specification in terms of that automaton [7]. Our automaton model represents all monitored and controlled quantities, even those which are naturally continuous, as discrete variables. Moreover, because our model initially abstracts away timing and imprecision, it describes the "ideal" system behavior. The system requirements are easier to specify and to


The high-impedance faults (HIF) occurring on distribution lines go undetected by the conventional relays due to their low current magnitude. In addition to low current, HIFs also exhibit typical characteristic features, such as randomness, nonlinearity, etc., which are similar to the characteristics of the switching events, such as harmonic load switching. The advent of distributed generators (DG) into the distribution system, changes the current contribution through the substation, which also affects the HIF detection. This paper presents an intelligent HIF detection technique for distribution lines incorporating the DGs. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) is used to extract the input patterns. The commonly used empirical mode decomposition has limitation of modal aliasing that is overcome by VMD. VMD decomposes the signal into different modes that are further converted to singular values so as to obtain the analytic signal. These are finally used as an input to an efficient classifier known as the support vector machine, to create an intelligent classifier. The proposed methodology is verified on a modified IEEE 13-bus feeder for various events considering the changes in DG parameters and also the noise levels.


Due to prolonged lifespans, cardiovascular disease is on the increase worldwide and is now the leading cause of death, especially in developed countries. Histologically, it is characterized by coronary atherosclerosis, in which the over-proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is evident, associated with endothelial injury and foamy cell-like macrophages (i.e., local inflammation) (1,2). Such a sclerotic event triggers narrowed lumens (i.e., stenosis) and a decrease in coronary blood flow leads to local hypoxia, apoptosis, and eventually the onset of myocardial infarction (MI) (2). Thus, the major approaches proposed to prevent or restore MI are: (i) prevention or restoration of coronary atherosclerosis, the primary cause of heart disease; (ii) induction of cardiac angiogenesis with cytokines/growth factors; (iii) inhibition of cardiomyocyte cell death during heart ischemia (i.e., anti-apoptotic therapy); and, (iv) possible reconstitution of cardiomyocytes via recruitment of intrinsic stem cells, or cell transplantation (i.e., regenerative therapy). Many studies have focused on the disease events and identified the molecules involved as a pathogenic regulator(s) (i.e., offensive side) (1,2). However, little is known about the protective mechanisms whereby coronary damage and myocardial cell loss are minimized during heart ischemia (i.e., defensive side). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was identified and cloned, based on the DNA synthesis of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture (3–5). HGF is now recognized as an organotrophic factor, which is needed for organogenesis in the embryo and tissue repair in almost all organs in adults (3,6-10). Plasma HGF levels increase in response to heart injury under pathological conditions (11,12). We first found that HGF targets cardiomyocytes and elicits anti-apoptotic effects at an acute phase of MI (13), the mechanisms of which will be discussed later. HGF also elicits an angiogenic response in infarcted hearts by enhancing endothelial cell duplication (14) without VSMC hyperplasia. HGF has an anti-inflammatory effect on immune cells (15). These multiple functions are exerted through tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Met, a receptor for HGF(16,17). Of note, the specific inhibition of c-Met signaling by anti-HGF antibody leads to the aggravation of MI-related pathological events, identifying endogenous HGF as a "cardiotrophic factor" (13). During acute and chronic cardiac disease, HGF production is induced and enhanced, but this response is transient, insufficient and often retarded (10-13,18), leading to the acceleration of cardiac dysfunction. It is, therefore, likely that cardiovascular disease is manifested due to an HGF deficiency or insufficiency. The Chapter Book Modern Medicine. 2014, Vol. 21, No. 4 : 333-347 Copyright© Celsius


The Al2O3–Y2O3 coating was successfully prepared by cathodic plasma electrolysis on the FeCrAl wire. Influences of the electrolyte composition and the processing parameters on the microstructure and property of the Al2O3–Y2O3 ceramic coating were systematically investigated. The coating was mainly composed of γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3, and Y2O3. Experimental results showed that the thickness of the coating was gradually increased with the increase of working voltage, while the bonding became poor. With an increase in the deposition time, the thickness and the electrical resistance of the Al2O3–Y2O3 coating were increased in a certain range. When the Al2O3–Y2O3 coating was deposited at 110 V for 60–90 s, the bonding between the coating and the substrate was superior, and the coating microstructure was dense, continuous, and uniform with the electrical resistance reaching up to ∼40 MΩ. The formation mechanism of the coating was also discussed based on the electrochemical mechanism and the plasma discharge.


The in-flight magazine is one of many industrialised print media to which the traveller is exposed. According to Thurlow and Jaworski (2003), in-flight magazines, however 'ideologically innocent' they may appear, can be very powerful in their role of representing the norms and values associated with a socially acceptable type of travel and leisure. This paper builds on arguments that there is a lack of research on representation in tourism (Pritchard 2001), and focuses on how in-flight magazine advertising produces, mediates and reproduces discourses surrounding air travel. Using critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1993), advertisements from a selection of Qantas and Air New Zealand in-flight magazines from 2005 were studied. The analysis of these texts reveals that the magazines wish to speak to a certain 'elite' type of traveller who is mobility-rich as well as financially wealthy, with the time to pursue a raft of travel activities and the money to buy an array of expensive luxury products. Essentially, the paper argues that magazine advertisements can be a subtle (or perhaps not so subtle) way of 'socially sorting' airline travellers into those who are socially and culturally acceptable airline travellers, and those who are not. The advertisements can also be seen as a means of socially sorting the airline traveller from other types of traveller and from the nontraveller. No matter which way the sorting occurs, in-flight magazine advertising appears to be a powerful medium to support privileged groups in society.