The presence of Ochratoxin A in farm-stored cereal grains from the Puglia region was surveyed. Two hundred ten cereal samples (70 durum wheat, 70 maize, and 70 barley) were analysed using liquid chromatography after extraction and clean-up of the samples with solid phase micro columns and fluorescence detection. Ochratoxin A was found in 19 samples of maize, 8 of barley and 6 of wheat, with a positive incidence of 15.7% and a mean contamination of 1.6±1.4 ng/ g. Seventeen cereal samples (8.1%) had Ochratoxin A levels in the LOD range (0.05 ng/g) -0.9 ng/g, 15 samples (7.1%) in the range of 1.0-4.9 ng/g, and only 1 maize sample (0.5%) had a value (5.2 ng/g) higher than the maximum limit of tolerance of Ochratoxin A in cereals (5.0 ng/g) as fixed by the European Community.


This experiment was carried out to find out the effect of using sewage water for irrigation as compared with tap water and without any irrigation on fodder plants in nursery stage. The results indicate that the survival per cent of plants irrigated with sewage water was slightly more (94.29%) , than plant irrigated with water (91.43%) , but significantly higher than plants left without irrigation (80.57%). The growth parameters considered ( plant height , collar diameter number of branches per plant and leaf area) showed initial incremental gain in plant height and collar diameter in plants irrigated with sewage water , as compared with the other two treatments. The number of branches per plant and leaf area followed the same pattern. It is , therefore , concluded that sewage water could be used for better establishment of fodder species and their luxuriant growth later on.


OBJECTIVE
Obesity is associated with hypertension. However, mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between obesity and vasoactive mediators.

METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, blood pressure (BP) and vasoactive mediators of hypertension are compared among 135 adults in the non-obese, obese, and morbidly obese BMI ranges (BMI ≤27, 30-40, and >40 kg/m2, respectively). Angiotensinogen, angiotensin II, renin, aldosterone, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), neprilysin, ANP, BNP, cGMP, cAMP levels were measured and their relationship to BP, BMI, race, and gender were investigated.

RESULTS
Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DSP) were significantly higher in subjects with obesity and morbid obesity compared to non-obese. Angiotensin II, ET-1 and neprilysin were significantly higher in subjects with morbid obesity while BNP was lower. Levels of angiotensinogen, renin, aldosterone, ANP, cGMP and cAMP did not differ between the groups. BMI was positively related to SBP, DBP, angiotensin II, ET-1 and neprilysin, and inversely related to cGMP and BNP. Age, male gender, and African American race were associated with higher SBP. SBP was positively related to angiotensin II and ET-1 and inversely related to aldosterone, renin, and cGMP. On multivariate analyses, age, BMI, gender, and race were main determinants of SBP; and excluding these variables, angiotensin II, aldosterone, renin, and ET-1 accounted for 21.1% ability to predict SBP.

CONCLUSIONS
Obesity, especially morbid obesity, is associated with higher BP, higher angiotensin II and ET-1 (vasoconstrictors) and lower levels BNP and cGMP (vasodilators). SBP variability can be partly explained by angiotensin II, aldosterone, renin, and ET-1.


The outer‐valence Auger spectrum of F2 has been calculated by methods of many‐body perturbation theory. The results have been compared with the recently recorded experimental spectrum and some partially new assignments have been proposed.


Considerable development has been obtained in the field of critical discourse analysis both in the theoretical research and the practical application since its introduction into China in the last century.Domestic studies on critical discourse analysis have taken unique characteristics in terms of number of articles published,research content and perspective,meanwhile,problems of theoretical innovation,applied research and depth of criticism are also found.The paper intends to study the present research situation and discuss the problems emerging in this field.


Adam Polkinghorne Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, New South Wales Health Pathology, Nepean Blue Mountains Pathology Service Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia The University of Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia Email: adam.polkinghorne@health. nsw.gov.au James Branley Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, New South Wales Health Pathology, Nepean Blue Mountains Pathology Service Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia The University of Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. gov.au


rhis listing supplements my Emily Dickinson: A Descriptive Bibliography (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1984) by including new information found through 1993. Section A lists chronologically all books by Dickinson, including all printings of all editions. Section B lists chronologically all miscellaneous collections of Dickinson's writings in English. Included are bilingual collections. Section C lists chronologically all titles in which material by Dickinson appears for the first time in a book or pamphlet. Entries within a year are arranged alphabetically when exact publication information is not known. Section D lists chronologically all first American and English publications in newspapers and magazines of material by Dickinson. The numbering system employed in the bibliography indicates the edition and printing for each entry. Thus, for Poems, A LLa indicates that this is the first tide by Dickinson published (A 1), and that the entry describes the first edition (1), first printing (a). Issues are indicated by subscript numbers — thus A 3.Lb2 is the second issue of the second printing of Letters of Emily Dickinson. Revisions or corrections of previously published material are indicated by giving the page number of the 1984 bibliography on which the original


Since the great success of the Disney animations like , the classification of audience target in animation according to an age group started a possibility of edutainment in the industry. Especially, a few animations for preschool children made by Korea have been largely successful in domestic and foreign markets. The study analyzed a distinguished structure of a story stressed by character by Greimas's theories in the educational animation. The animation for kids as this study target is one of successful contents in edutainment. It also analyzed as one of parallel contents in abroad. It is a meaningful study which considers a story structure of the animation as aspects of edutainment contents for preschool children.


This paper draws on the emerging economic theory of organized crime to investigate the role organized criminal gangs play in outdoor illicit cannabis cultivation in New Zealand. Organized criminal groups are most likely to control illicit markets where there are cost advantages from larger-scale production, the need for specialized skills, capital equipment or large amounts of startup capital, and visible targets for violence aimed at discouraging competition. Examination of the illicit production of cannabis suggests the productivity gains that could be achieved from larger-scale cannabis cultivation are undermined by the difficulties of monitoring crops, the vulnerability of crops to ground and aerial detection, and legal penalties based on size of crop. The effectiveness of violence in discouraging competition in cannabis cultivation is constrained by the difficulties of identifying rival cultivators and discovering the location of rivals' cannabis plots. Several reasons are put forward to explain why the New Zealand police nevertheless claim that cannabis cultivation in New Zealand is controlled by gangs.


The current state of art for limit equilibrium analysis of slope stability problems lacks a satisfactory procedure for stability evaluation under general, rapid (undrained) loading conditions. Some procedures are available for the analysis of rapid drawdown, but these suffer from several shortcomings and, furthermore, are not applicable to other types of rapid loading. An approach is presented which overcomes these limitations. The approach integrates four components-establishment of soil behaviour on the basis of laboratory testing, estimation of steady-state conditions in the slope using a boundary value analysis, estimation of distribution of undrained strength in the slope using undrained stress paths, and identification of the critical slip surface followed by calculation of its factor of safety. The approach is illustrated through its application to the stability analysis of an earth dam under rapid drawdown and earthquake conditions.


It is the basic economic system of the socialist primary stage that is mainly composed of public system and various ownership. If you want to build the basic economic system well, you must concentrate efforts on the research of it's theory and policy . On theory, we should properly deal with the relations in reform: system factors and regime factors, production relations and productive forces, various ways on how to realize public ownership and private ownership and etc. We should understand public system economy and non-public system economy. On policy, we should transform to economic policy including productive policy, fiscal policy, financial policy, social insurance policy,etc.


This essay will explore the socialization process of students to a working profession. We have discovered a gap in previous studies when it comes to the effect of gender and class of the process of socialization and the creation of the students working identities. The study if carried out by interviewing students that have completed at least half of their bachelor's degree in engineering, with the focus on construction and architecture.


Stochastic systems have been widely investigated and employed in numerous applications in different areas such as finance, biology and engineering as they allow accounting for imprecisions so often faced in every practical tasks. Often that task would require to find the best action sequence in order to optimize the outcome. When the model is small, one can efficiently employ algorithmic techniques to synthesize such a control policy. Hence, in case of more complex models, instead of solving control tasks there directly, one may want to approximate them with simpler ones and then use those algorithms. This method is called abstraction for it abstracts the original "physical" model to an "abstract" one, only needed to ease the computations. Ideally, this abstract model is somewhat similar to the original one, as we want to extrapolate results achieved over the former to the setting of the latter. One way this similarity can be ensured is by means of the (bi)simulation methods, that give sufficient conditions to the closeness of behaviors of the two systems being compared. Such techniques became popular in discrete non-stochastic models, then advanced to continuous ones and started making steps to discrete stochastic systems. Yet, definite results were not achieved for abstractions of continuous stochastic models. There were trials to extend ideas from continuous non-stochastic framework, or discrete stochastic one, but they were mostly fragmentary. This thesis brings those methods together to build a unified framework and shows immediate benefits of doing this. To define the closeness between the systems we look at their path-wise properties, which cover most of the tasks whose relevance was praised in the literature. That comprises both additive cost-like criteria and formal specifications, e.g. encoded by LTL formulae of the kind "reach the goal set through the safe set while avoiding dangerous states". We derive guarantees on the approximation error and suggest how to build an abstraction for a given tolerance level. These guarantees work mostly for the finite time horizon properties, hence for the rest we develop task-dependent solution methods, further connecting with the existing literature. Besides those concrete results, we also put some effort in developing the conceptual side of the bisimulation framework for stochastic systems. For example, we know how important it is to choose a definition of behavior here, since bisimiliarity is useful as long as it guarantees closeness of behaviors one is interested in. We hence stress the importance of keeping in mind the final goal while extrapolating abstract solution methods, and show which issues may arise when this goal is forgotten. We also extend the framework we deal with beyond bisimulation of stochastic systems only, providing a formalization of approximate relations and their connections with pseudo-metrics, proving several theorems in probabilistic approximation, whose generality is greater than the scope of this thesis, and also provide a category-theoretical basis for bisimulations of stochastic systems, hence opening one more door from which this problem can be approached.


Objective:To investigate the anesthetic effect and safety of lumbar epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery in older mothers.Methods:ASAⅠ~Ⅱ grade 200 cases were of advanced maternal age.Group Ⅰ,underwent successful lumbar spinal puncture after seeing cerebrospinal fluid,had ropivacaine 0.75% 2 ml;Ⅱ group selected L2~3 epidural puncture to determine satisfaction with anesthesia.Results:200 patients with advanced maternal age were successful anesthesia,Ⅰ group had the highest sensory level of T4,Ⅱ group of T8.Sensory block in Ⅰgroup average 8±2 segments,Ⅱgroup 6±3 segments;Ⅰgroup of motor block duration 143±9 min,Ⅱgroup 112±3 min;differences between the two groups were significant(P0.05).Ⅱgroup without muscle relaxant or pain were unsatisfied with in 5 cases,between the two groups of muscle relaxant and analgesic effect were statistically significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion:The use of lumbar epidural anesthesia can significantly reduce adverse reactions during cesarean section,and can achieve a better analgesia and muscle relaxation effect,is superior to conventional epidural anesthesia.


The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a widely used numerical algorithm. When N input data points lead to only k << N non-zero coefficients in the transformed domain, the algorithm is clearly inefficient: the FFT performs O(NlogN) operations on N input data points in order to calculate only k non-zero or large coefficients, and N -- k zero or negligibly small ones. The recently developed sparse FFT (sFFT) algorithm provides a solution to this problem. As are those for the FFT, sFFT algorithms are complex and still computationally challenging. The computational difficulties are mainly due to memory access patterns that are irregular and dynamically changing. Modern compute platforms are exclusively based on multi-core processors, therefore a natural path to enhance the sFFT's performance is to exploit parallelism. This is the approach chosen in this work. We have analyzed in detail and parallelized the most time consuming segments of the algorithm. Our parallel sFFT (PsFFT) implementation achieves approximately 60% parallel efficiency on a single 8-core Intel Sandy Bridge socket for relevant test cases. In addition, we apply several techniques such as index coalescing, data affiliated loops and multi-level blocking techniques to alleviate memory access congestion and increase performance.


In this paper, the consensus model predictive control (MPC)-based hierarchical control scheme is presented for the primary and secondary layers of an islanded AC microgrid (MG). The secondary control is designed on the tracker consensus method, in this way a distributed controller in collaboration with the finite time observer will set the referenced values of voltage magnitude and frequency by significantly speeding up the method of synchronous convergence. Furthermore, the primary control has been implemented for each DG separately and comprises Finite Control Set-Model Predictive control (FCS-MPC), and droops control. FCS-MPC regulates PCC reference voltages for each DG unit. Droop Control regulates power exchange within and among DG units. In the proposed hierarchical control approach, information sharing is accomplished by a neighbouring node creating a sparse communication network while fully eliminating the requirement for a centralized controller. The controller effectiveness have been validated against unbalanced load, transients, and load plug-and-play capabilities. The simulation result shows that MG operates effectively using FCS-MPC for parallel inverters of DG units, and the consensus algorithm based distributed secondary controller in MG effectively delivers the anticipated power, voltage, and frequency.


During electron irradiation, the growth in the surface voltage on virgin and silver diffused polyimide sample was studied by varying electron energy from 3 to 15 keV and beam diameter from 3 to 15 mm. At a constant beam current, the surface voltage increased nonlinearly with electron energy but decreased slowly with beam diameter at fixed electron energy. At a surface voltage around saturation or beyond 3 kV, the electron beam was switched off and the decay in the surface voltage was studied for a period of 9 × 104 s. The surface analysis revealed that the relative concentrations of carbon increased and that of the oxygen and the nitrogen decreased in the electron irradiated virgin and silver diffused polyimide sample, however in different proportions. Under the identical conditions of electron irradiation, the growth rate of the surface voltage, the post irradiated surface resistivity and the voltage decay constant of the silver diffused polyimide were lower than that of the virgin polyimide. The results of the present study reveal that the resistance of the silver diffused polyimide to keV electrons is higher than that of the virgin polyimide.


Image mosaicing/stitching is considered as an active research area in computer vision and computer graphics. Image mosaicing is concerned with combining two or more images of the same scene into one panoramic image with high resolution. There are two main types of techniques used for creating image stitching: direct methods and feature-based methods. The greatest advantages of feature-based methods over the other methods are their speed, robustness, and the availability of creating panoramic image of a non-planar scene with unrestricted camera motion. In this paper, we propose a real time image stitching system based on ORB feature-based technique. We compared the performance of our proposed system with SIFT and SURF feature-based techniques. The experiment results show that the ORB algorithm is the fastest, the highest performance, and it needs very low memory requirements. In addition, we make a comparison between different feature-based detectors. The experimental result shows that SIFT is a robust algorithm but it takes more time for computations. MSER and FAST techniques have better performance with respect to speed and accuracy.


Now most researches on industrial total factor productivity only considered the |"good" output such as GDP and ignored the "bad" output such as environmental pollution,which makes the evaluation of the industrial development distorted.This paper introduces the Malmquist-Luenberger index to take into account of the effect of the "bad output" environmental pollution on industrial total factor productivity growth,analysis the impact of the environmental constraints and industries properties on total factor productivity,and searches for the industry "innovator".Empirical study found that ignoring environmental factors will underestimate the technical efficiency level and technical efficiency index,but it will overestimate the technological progress index and total factor productivity index;industry "innovator" mainly focused on manufacturing industries,particularly in low-polluted industries.


The goal of our focal article was to provide a current perspective on personality testing and its use in organizational research and to elicit constructive discussion and suggestions for future research and practice. The present article caps off the discussion by integrating the main ideas presented in the commentaries within our original framework of questions and topics, with the immodest hope of advancing our understanding of personality and its measurement in the context of industrial–organizational psychology. In short, we recommend continuing to take advantage of the organizing framework of the Big Five while also pursuing more "bottom-up" approaches that examine facet-level relationships with multidimensional performance outcomes, in addition to developing process models that include more proximal motivational and situational variables. Work along these lines is valuable to both organizational science and practice.


The utility model discloses a roller filtering sieve for gasifying water-coal-slurry. The roller filtering sieve comprises a roller body, wherein the roller body is horizontally arranged; a revolving shaft is horizontally arranged in the center of the roller body; bearing brackets arranged at the two ends of the revolving shaft are arranged on the outer side of the roller body and supported by a stand; a motor is connected onto the revolving shaft; a feed outlet and a dreg outlet are formed in the bottom of the roller body; sieve plates are arranged in the roller body above the feed outlet; a plurality of sieve plates are connected with one another around the revolving shaft to form a tubular structure and connected with the revolving shaft through a connecting plate; a plurality of guiding plates are uniformly distributed in the sieve plates; an exhaust vent is formed in the top of the roller body; a cleaning pipe is introduced into one side at the top of the roller body; a feed inlet pipe is obliquely inserted into a feed inlet formed in one side of the roller body and supported by the stand. Water-coal-slurry enters the roller body from the feed inlet; the sieve plates are driven by the revolving shaft; the filtered water-coal-slurry falls into the feed outlet; particles filtered by the sieve plates are guided to the tail ends of the sieve plates by the guiding plate during the revolving process of the sieve plates and fall into the dreg outlet; the sieve plates in the roller body can be cleaned through the cleaning pipe at the top.


This paper continues a survey presented in our previous paper [4]. Here, we survey future microprocessor architectures from the viewpoint of their different techniques used in tolerating highly-latent and non-deterministic events. Each architectural approach is presented with a brief discussion and an example commercial implementation or at least a proposed one. Dataflow architecture is revisited first. Then, Advanced Superscalar architectures are covered, which include the Superspeculative architecture, the Trac e architecture, the Multiscalar architecture, the Datascalar architecture, and the Superthreaded architecture. Following these Superscalarbased architectures, we move on to the Multithreading-based approaches, and review the different techniques. It is shown that the solution to the latency-tolerance problem by each one of these previous architectures is offset by the high overheads of the dataflow approach, the speculation involved in the superscalar approach, and the context switch time introduced by the multithreading architecture. This is where our own work on Microthreading is introduced to provide a new approach towards highly efficient latency-tolerance and elimination of non-determinism through the use of Microthreads drawn from the same context. Finally, a comparison between all these architectures is derived, and a conclusion is given.


A series of symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted s-triazines was synthesized by condensation of fluorocarbon nitriles (Scheme II, compounds 1a-c) and by cyclodehydration of a fluorocarbon imidoylamidine utilizing a fluorocarbon anhydride (Scheme III, compounds 2a-e). Among the new nitriles prepared for incorporation in these reaction paths were 11-H-4,9-dioxahexadecylfluoroundecanenitrile (3) and 6-chloro-6-H-4-oxaheptafluorohexanenitrile (4), prepared by Scheme 1.


Inflammation is the human body's response to a tissue damage as indicated by an increase of vascular permeability. One of the natural substances that can be used to treat inflammation is clove oil (MABC). This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties and MABC emulgel irritation test ( S yzygium aromaticum ). This experimental study was initiated by the emulgel formulation with three kinds of formula, with each formula contains MABC levels of 10% (F1), 12.5% (F2), and 15% (F3). The physical tests for emulgel was done including pH, spreading test and adhesive test and irritation test in guinea pigs using Draize test method. Statistical analysis by t test with a level of confidence 95% was conducted to detect a significant differences between the treatment groups. The emulgel formula with a concentration of 10%, 12.5% and 15% were physically stable, moreover the dispersive power test for each formula showed normal distribution data (p>0.05) and homogeneous (p>0.05), ANOVA test results obtained significantly different results in each formula (p<0.05), whereas the stickiness test results for each formula more than 30 minutes with pH 6. The results of irritation test by using Draize test  method, indicated that each formula did not show any irritant effect.


Photons counter-propagating in a silica microcavity exchange excitations at a rate faster than their decay rate, by scattering off superfluid surface oscillations.


This study focused on analyzing language style in The Ron Clark Story movie. This study was analyzing types of language style by Joos are frozen style, formal style, consultative style, casual style, and intimate style. It was conducted using a qualitative research design and used a descriptive method to finding different language styles. The data of this research are language style by Joos and the data source is The Ron Clark Story movie. The steps to collect the data were: Downloaded the movie and searched the script of the movie. The data from The Ron Clark Story movie identified and selected to indicating of language style, classified, and analyzed the data, found the factors of different styles, and concluded. The result of this research found 90 data or 57.3% casual style, 46 data or 29.3% consultative style, 13 or 8.3% formal style, and 8 data or 5.1% intimate style.


Using an unbalanced panel dataset of bilateral exports from 1992 to 2009, we assess the potential trade impacts of the expansion of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to ASEAN + 3 and ASEAN + 6 on the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). It is found that bilateral exports are positively related to overall bilateral country size and similarity in country size but inversely related to the factor endowment differences, transportation costs, and import tariffs. Simulation results show that the formation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) between ASEAN and the Plus‐6 economies (the People's Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea in East Asia; and the other three economies of Australia, India, and New Zealand) could increase bilateral trade between the Lao PDR and ASEAN + 6 by US$1 billion, and ASEAN + 3 by US$981 million. Nonetheless, the trade balance of the Lao PDR is likely to worsen in both the ASEAN + 3 and ASEAN + 6 PTAs because they stimulate more imports than exports.


The problem to design reduced_order positive real (PR) controller with order not greater than that of generalized plants is studied based on LMI for both continuous and discrete time plants. By analyzing the problem for first order plants, it is illustrated that generalized plant order is an achievable upper bound of PR controllers with minimal order for general PR control problem. Hence, the existence of reduced_order PR controllers depends on special plants structure parameters. Moreover, a new upper bound of order for reduced_order PR controllers is proposed, and the bound is not greater than the previous one. Furthermore, an algorithm to construct the controllers can be obtained due to the constructive proofs. Simple example is also given to show the approach is practicable.


We study the limiting distribution of the degree of a given node in a scaled attachment random recursive tree, a generalized random recursive tree, which is introduced by Devroye et. al (2011). In a scaled attachment random recursive tree, every node $i$ is attached to the node labeled $lfloor iX_i floor$ where $X_0$, $ldots$ , $X_n$ is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables, with support in [0, 1) and distribution function $F$. By imposing a condition on $F$, we show that the degree of a given node is asymptotically normal.


This paper argues that an organisation's management of its talent is central to its opportunity to benefit from human capital, and that in doing so, the activity of talent management will influence...


The first of these concerns the role played by the expansion of German maritime power in British naval planning before 1914. It has become fashionable in certain circles to argue that the Royal Navy in general and Fisher in particular were largely unconcerned by the growth of Tirpitz's battle fleet and remained focused on France and Russia as the true enemies until at least 1907, if not considerably later. Asserting that the Admiralty was perturbed by Germany and planned for war against Germany, we have been told, is to read history backward from the outbreak of war in August 1914. Gough thinks otherwise and argues politely but firmly against those who, in the name of avoiding teleology, 'embrace the counterfactual' (p. xvii) to an untenable and excessive extent. On the matter of Germany, therefore, he provides a considerable and compelling body of evidence to show that Fisher was one of the first to recognize the threat that the rise of its navy presented and, while he was not obsessive about this one putative opponent, he made sure to take appropriate counter-measures. Gough's second major intervention relates to British pre-war preparations for economic warfare. It has recently been argued by revisionist historians that the British Admiralty developed a plan – a sort of British Schlieffen plan – to crash the German economy within weeks of the outbreak of war and so bring about a speedy victory. The argument has not been widely accepted by those in the know and has received short shrift from specialists like John Coogan. Without mentioning any names or tying himself in historiographic knots Gough rejects the revisionist argument, which once again privileges in a counterfactual manner what did not happen (the crashing of the global economy) over what did (a slow acting 'blockade'). 'The naval staff', he writes, 'did little to stimulate discussion prior to 1914 on economic warfare against Germany' (p. 172). In the view of this reviewer this is a hard judgement to contest. If the broad thrust of the book is convincingly argued and well aligned to the latest scholarship, there are a few points of emphasis that might be contested. Gough, for example, takes it for granted that the Pollen aim correction system was superior to the Dreyer table, an argument about fire control that much recent work, especially by John Brooks, convincingly contests. He also takes the opposite view to Christopher Bell over Fisher's behaviour during the Dardanelles crisis: where Bell sees Fisher as vague and evasive in expressing his opposition to the enterprise, Gough sees him as clear and transparent. It seems to this reviewer, however, that there is much to be said for Bell's argument in Churchill and the Dardanelles (Oxford University Press, 2017) that Jacky was not as straightforward or candid as he might have been. However, such quibbles aside, Gough's book is a magnificent achievement full of interesting materials and amusing vignettes. It deserves to be widely read.


This revision of the 1990 work by Thomas Fisher covers an introduction to batch processes; batch control system structures; batch control; batch communications and batch control system design. Hawkins offers a comprehensive analysis of the development and evolution of batch control from the original NAMUR model through the most current publications in the 88 series. Through examples, commentary, analogies and at times wry humor the author provides an in-depth philosophical discussion of how batch control and all manufacturing enterprises have been impacted by the work of 88. Hawkins in-depth coverage and practical insights make this book an indispensable tool for designers, control engineers, project engineers, and managers who desire to achieve the full cost and production benefits of implementing the 88 series.


Background:Exhaustive exercise is associated with increased metabolic rate and accelerated generation of reactive oxygen species. Cigarette smoke also contains oxidants that may participate in the development of atherosclerosis. However, data on the association between exercise and smoking are sparse. Methods:A homogenous group of 30 young men (15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers; mean age, 23.7 ± 2.6 years), healthy, trained subjects, were assessed before and after a standard maximal exercise test. Results:Exercise led to increased protein oxidation (carbonyl assay) in both smokers (+17.7%, P < 0.001) and nonsmokers (+19.1%, P < 0.05), elevation in plasma conjugated dienes (+ 157%, P < 0.04), and plasma lipid peroxides (+14%, P < 0.059) in smokers versus nonsmokers after exercise. Plasma antioxidants levels were significantly lower in the smoking group, with reduction in total carotenoids (–36.5%, P < 0.001), vitamin A (–80%, P < 0.001), and vitamin E (–64%, P < 0.002), compared with nonsmokers. A significant rise in leakage of muscle enzymes (CPK, LDH) and urine proteins (microalbumin and myoglobin) occurred in all subjects after exercise. CRP levels were higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers before and after exercise. Conclusions:Our results suggest that unnoticed interaction exists between smoking and intense exercise, which indicates that smokers are more susceptible to oxidative insults probably due to lower antioxidant capacity.


No Loans Today 1995, 55 Minutes. Film by Llsanne Skyler Institutional, Purchase $390; Rental $75 (video only) Distributed by First Run/Icarus films, 153 Waverly place, New York, NY, 10014


For polynomials in more than one variable, it is in general a challenging problem to evaluate their Mahler measures in closed form. For such a polynomial picked at random, its Mahler measure is unlikely, given our current state of knowledge, to be able to be found explicitly. However, substantial progress had been made recently in finding polynomials whose Mahler measure can be evaluated. See Bertin [Be1], Boyd ([Bo2], [Bo3], [Bo4], [Bo5]), Boyd and Rodriguez-Villegas [BR-V], Laĺin [L], Vandervelde [V], and [S]. In this note I present two families of such polynomials, one family in three variables (Theorem 1), and one in n > 3 variables (Theorem 3). Theorem 1. Suppose that P (z) ∈ R[z] is such that |P (e)| is monotonic for θ in [0, π]. Then


This program was developed and implemented to correct noncompliance with Florida Education Legislation 233.061, to increase knowledge of basic facts surrounding the Holocaust and to increase positive tolerance attitudes of diversity. The objectives for the program were to increase the instruction of the Holocaust by 75%; increase the student's knowledge of the Holocaust by 30%; and increase positive tolerance attitudes of diversity by 10%. The target group of teachers were required to instruct the Holocaust using an author designed curriculum. All the program objectives were met with the target groups improving dramatically teacher and student knowledge of the Holocaust. Appendixes include a parent letter, grade level curriculum, suggested projects, and grade-level teacher resource packets. (Contains 20 references.) (Author) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** IMPLEMENTING HOLOCAUST EDUCATION CURRICULUM TO COMPLY WITH FLORIDA LEGISLATION 233.061 AT THE MIDDLE SCHOOL LEVEL


Disclosed is a specific gravity separator capable of separating heavy mineral components and magnetic mineral components at the same time. The specific gravity separator comprises: a power unit including a power supply unit; a separating unit; and a collecting unit. The power unit has a power source for generating a rotary motion. The separating unit comprises: a mineral supply part; a deck part where heavy mineral components and magnetic mineral components are separated by the power delivered from the power unit; multiple riffle parts having at least one riffle formed on the surface of the deck part; and a fluid supply part for supplying fluid to the heavy and magnetic mineral components. The collecting unit comprises a separated mineral collecting part which is formed in a side of the deck part. An electromagnet is arranged on the bottom surface of the deck part corresponding to the front or back end of the riffle part. The electromagnet may be installed in a way that multiple electromagnets having different magnetic force are arranged in a longitudinal direction. [Reference numerals] (100) Power unit; (200) Fluctuations generator; (300) Selecting unit; (400) Collecting unit


A novel photoactive hybrid nanostructure based on zero-dimensional (0-D) light-harvesting components of CuInS2 quantum dots (QDs) and one-dimensional (1-D) transporting channel of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was synthesized by hydrophobic interaction between alkyl chain of dodecanethiol molecule (QDs surface) and octadecylamine (CNT surface). Photophysical and electrical characterizations suggest that an efficient electron transfer from photoexcited CIS QDs to SWCNT takes place. Furthermore, size-dependent optical study shows that faster electron transfer takes place from CIS to SWCNT for small-size QDs compared to large-size quantum dots. The rate constant for electron transfer from photoexcited CIS to SWCNT increased from 1.9 × 106 to 3.5 × 106 s–1 with decrease in the size of CIS QDs from 5.0 to 3.5 nm.


STROBE statement tailored to different areas of research, including molecular epidemiology and nutrition. Many high-ranking journals require authors of submitted manuscripts of randomized clinical trials to also submit the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist. JAMA and JAMA Ophthalmology require reporting guidelines for clinical trials, metaanalysis, diagnostic tests, and cost-effectiveness analysis but not observational studies, including case-control studies, cohort studies, and the more complex case-only designs. Currently, none of the 3 highest-ranking journals of ophthalmology (including JAMA Ophthalmology,7 Ophthalmology,8 and American Journal of Ophthalmology9) require authors to submit any reporting checklists specific to observational studies. As the number of research questions that can only be answered by observational studies increases, so will the number of publications using these methodologies. It is evident that the increase in the number of observational studies with varying methods and data sources may have led to the publication of many contradictory studies. Some contradictory findings can be attributed to statistical uncertainty. However, the degree of discrepancy seems to be substantially higher than what statistical variation can explain. Different methods are undoubtedly a major source of such variation. We urge editors of journals of ophthalmology to emulate the journals that require authors of observational research studies to complete appropriate checklists for that particular study design. Recent data have shown that published studies that have used the STROBE checklist have a higher reporting quality than journals that do not require authors to complete this checklist.10 Improving reporting of observational studies through these reporting checklists may increase transparency and quality research of observational studies in ophthalmology.


A plastic membrane ion-selective electrode applicable to many basic drugs has been developed. The electrode developed was constructed with tricresyl phosphate and a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix on a polytetrafluoroethylene film. The electrode showed a near-Nernstian response to chlorpromazine, trihexyphenidyl, imipramine, dibucaine, papaverine, propranolol, tetracaine, trazodone, quinidine and cinnarizine. The determination of 50 to 3000 micrograms/ml of trazodone hydrochloride in a pH 4.0 acetate buffer solution showed an average recovery of 99.4% (mean standard deviation 0.7%) by direct potentiometry. Inorganic cations and pharmaceutical excipients did not interfere with the determination. Trazodone hydrochloride and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride in tablets were determined, and the results compared favorably with those obtained by conventional methods.


Recently, nanosystems have been developed to improve drug properties and facilitate delivery. In practice, nanosystems contain particles within a particle size of less than 1000 nm. Loratadine (LOR) is a H1 antihistamine drug commonly prescribed for the treatment of allergic conditions. LOR has poor aqueous and pH-dependent solubility. Consequently, the oral administration is associated with variable and poor bioavailability.


Abstract Due to changes in their lending pattern, along with wider social and economic change, building societies face increasing risk, signified by growing default. All creditors have ultimate legal sanctions against debtors but typically first initiate a non‐judicial debt collection process. This paper outlines policy and practice with regard to the pre‐judicial management for the recovery of mortgage arrears, and indicates a substantial gulf between the two. In particular the content of the 'recovery' strategies and relationships is examined, using qualitative data from a study of 40 defaulters followed over a nine‐month period. Procedures designed to keep borrowers out of court and within owner occupation had the opposite effect in practice in almost half the cases examined. Emphasis is placed upon late intervention, poor communication and the formulation of a recovery strategy that treats the mortgage debt in isolation from current income and expenditure. The potential contribution of managers' under...


Population disturbance is the fluctuation in population,which is caused by irregular factors.There are two baby booms in china during 1953-1957,1963-1972.Under the introduction of population disturbance factors,this paper gives the analysis on the age structure of shannxi population.Base on population repopulation model,discusses the relation between population disturbance and population Ageing.The author found that the trend of shannxi youth population and the elderly population is fluctuate with the years.There is a similar wave period in changes of youth population and the elderly population.Amplitude of youth population is a light higher than that of elderly population.The wave period in changes of population aging is about 100 years.It is concluded that aging population problem caused by the disturbance cannot be solved by the promotion of social security system and the system of employment.This problem can only be solved by the population policy reform.


This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Theological Studies at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theological Studies Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Repository Citation Smith-Christopher, Daniel L., "Review of Jon L. Berquist, Judaism in Persia's Shadow: A Social and Historical Approach" (1997). Theological Studies Faculty Works. 322. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/theo_fac/322


Although the spatial dimension is embedded in the vast majority of issues studied by environmental and resource economics, its incorporation into economic models - especially in the form of explicit introduction of a spatial transport mechanism - is not widespread. As a result, important aspects of these issues may not be accounted for, which could lead to regulatory inefficiencies. In this paper, the major spatial transport mechanisms are discussed, along with the way in which they can be incorporated into forward-looking optimizing economic models. Furthermore, an extension of Pontryagin's maximum principle under spatial dynamics is provided and the emergence of spatial pattern formation through optimal Turing instability is explained. A number of examples of the use of spatial dynamics illustrate why space matters in environmental and resource economics. Moreover, the differentiation of policy when spatial transport mechanisms are taken into account is presented. The tools presented in the paper, along with their applications, provide a path for future research in environmental and resource economics in which the underlying spatial dimension - which is very real - is fully taken into account.


The paper proposes a new variable structure control scheme for a class of linear uncertain large scale systems with parameter perturbations, interconnections and external disturbances. The chatting and limited control problems are discussed, and proper solving methods are formulated. The proposed control algorithm is concise and easy to be realized, the closed system shows good transient properties and robustness. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This research aims at studying the parameters of particleboard manufacturing using waste tire rubber crumbs and wood particle, mechanical and physical properties of the composite panel according to standard JIS. A5908-2003: Particle Board. Analysis of Covariance with the cofactor (Covariance) of a piece of wood density at different levels of statistical significance (α = .05) and determine the appropriate level of mechanical and physical properties. The total amount of waste tires was composed of 5% urea-formaldehyde 13% in compression at 5 minutes, and the density of the material less than 868.88 kg/m3. Improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of a piece of particle board was to conform to the international standards.


.......................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. ix Chapter One INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 1.1 The backdrop of the education system in the Philippines ........................ 1 1.2 The Philippine education system today ................................................... 2 1.3 Statement of the issue .............................................................................. 3 1.4 The researcher's interest in the issue ....................................................... 5 1.5 Significance of the study .......................................................................... 6 1.6 The context of the study ........................................................................... 6 1.7 The thesis structure .................................................................................. 8 Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................ 10 2.


SNRC and CEA collaborate to the upgrade of the SARAF accelerator to 5 mA CW 40 MeV deuteron and
proton beams (Phase 2). CEA is in charge of the design, construction and commissioning of the superconducting linac (SARAF-LINAC Project).
This paper presents to the accelerator community the status at March 2016 of the SARAF-LINAC Project.


PILZ STRUCTURE IS A TYPE OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FAT SLAB STRUCTURE WHICH IS SUITABLE FOR AN ELEVATED HIGHWAY STRUCTURE. THIS TYPE OF HIGHWAY BRIDGE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED MAINLY IN WEST GERMANY FOR ITS ECONOMICAL MERIT IN URBAN AREAS. IT HAS NOW BEEN ADOPTED IN OTHER PLACES IN EUROPE. IN PILZ STRUCTURE, A DECK SLAB WITH VARIABLE DEPTH IS SUPPORTED BY A COLUMN AND A SUSPENDED SLAB IS SIMPLY SUPPORTED AT THE EDGE OF EACH PILZ DECK. THEREFORE, IN THE DESIGN OF PILZ DECK, STRESSES MUST BE CALCULATED AS FOR A PLATE WITH VARIABLE DEPTH, BUT USUALLY ARE CALCULATED ASSUMING A SIMPLIFIED BOUNDARY CONDITIONS. IN THIS STUDY A TEST USING AN I/25 ACRYLATE RESIN MODEL WAS PERFORMED, AND STRESSES CAUSED BY VERTICAL LOAD AND PRESTRESS WERE MEASURED BY MEANS OF AN ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE FOIL STRAIN GAUGE. SIMULTANEOUSLY CALCULATIONS OF STRESSES WERE CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. COMPARING CALCULATED AND MEASERED STRESSES IN THE MODEL TEST IT WAS SHOWN THAT THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD COULD BE USED IN PRACTICE NOT ONLY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF STRESSES DUE TO A VERTICAL LOAD BUT ALSO FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PRESTRESS.


An apparatus for consistently and automatically positioning the point of a stylus within the field of view and at the focal point of a high power microscope while the stylus remains in the stylus cartridge. All positioning is effected through physical contact between the stylus and the apparatus without contact of the fragile stylus point occurring.


Among aging populations, tremors are becoming an ever greater barrier to autonomy. The purpose of this study is to design a tremor suppressing robotic system for the human arm. This system is designed to be linked to the back of the user's hand using a magnetic link, preventing the user from being hurt should the system be subject to malfunction. The presented control law consists of a velocity-force hybrid control using the computed torque method. Results show the tremors attenuation capability but highlight a minor delay in the motion's transmission.


The paper studies lingvopoetic means of alien-graphic spelling of Russian words incorporation into the lexical structure of a fiction text on the material of Yu. Bujda, M. Kuraev, V. Pelevin, Y. Popov, V. Sorokin. The article analyzes the role of these means in the expression of conceptual textual meanings.


In this research, we create new techniques for the following three areas of expert systems: information acquisition, optimization of choices, and explanations.
It is desirable for an expert system to intelligently acquire new information and avoid asking irrelevant questions. We show how an expert system can learn the relevancy of questions. The expert system analyzes its reasoning after each usage of the system to determine relevancy of questions. This learned insight is used to minimize the number of questions asked of the user in future sessions. We also show how a futile line of questioning can be avoided.
Expert systems generally determine feasible solutions to problems. Such solutions may not be optimal with respect to implementation cost. We show how expert systems can be developed that determine an optimal solution to a problem. Our technique involves the decomposition of large problems into smaller subproblems.
An expert system needs the ability to explain its decision making. We show how to build an explanation facility that uses a bottom-up approach. Simple concepts are explained first and then used to explain more difficult ones.
We have integrated the three techniques in an expert system that solves the important and difficult problem of industrial chemical exposure management. The system is called OCHEM (Optimal Chemical Hazard Exposure Management). OCHEM is a multilevel expert system whose input criteria include government regulations, company policy, economic factors, and time constraints. The OCHEM system intelligently questions a user and determines an optimal solution for the user's hazardous chemical exposure problem. The recommendations of the OCHEM system are then explained to the user using simple English sentences.


IntroductionThis View of Life: The Significance of Evolutionary TheoryFor Environmental EthicsThe Best of All Possible Worlds: Ecofeminist Views of Nature and EthicsThe Ecological Model and the Reanimation of NatureDarwinian Equality for All: Secular Views of Animal Rights and LiberationPhilosophical and Theological Critiques of Ecological Theology: Broadening Environmental Ethics from Ecocentric and Theocentric PerspectivesA Comprehensive Naturalized EthicConclusion


This paper begins by defining DACUM, Developing A Curriculum, an internationally recognized job/occupational analysis technique. It then goes on to explain how DACUM can improve instruction, why DACUM should be used, who uses it, how it is used and why DACUM is unique. The advantages of DACUM include: it encourages group interaction between committee members; it energises brainstorming power; it allows members of the group to motivate and empower each other to produce a high quality product; when 5-12 expert workers are motivated and guided for two days by a qualified facilitator, all duties and tasks are usually identified along with the related general knowledge and skills, worker behaviors, tools and equipment, and future trends and concerns; it greatly enhances employee support for the results of the analyses because these are undertaken by expert workers; quality is maximized; and it is low cost.


A passive flow controller has been increasingly adopted in the safety injection tank (SIT) for emergency core cooling of nuclear reactors. The SIT is partially filled with borated water and pressurized with nitrogen, which provides the boric acid solution into the reactor coolant system during the large break loss of coolant accident. The passive flow controller is installed in the bottom of the SIT, which controls the discharge flow rate by varying the flow region corresponding to the SIT water level. In this study, the flow characteristics of the SIT fluidic device have been numerically investigated by using CFD simulation. As the SIT water is discharged, the water level of the SIT are decreased, resulting in drastic change of the pressure drop and flow region. In particular, when the flow in the SIT changes to the low flow rate mode at the low water level, a highly swirling flow occurs in the vortex chamber, which yields a low discharge flow rate. The results of this study on the SIT fluidic device can not only provide basic data for the safety review of reactors but can also be applied to analyze the reactor system by using the nuclear system code.


I. The relation of medicine to dentistry. Russell L. Cecil...................... 137 A. Introduction...................................................... 137 B. Focal infection .................................................... 139 C. Bacteriology of dental infection..................................... 140 D. Detection of dental infection ........................ 141 E. Dentistry and internal medicine..................................... 142 F. Relation of the teeth to various other medical conditions............... 145 G. Relation of dentistry to other specialties ................... 148 II. The relation of dentistry to medicine. Leroy M. S. Miner................... 150 III. Discussion: Henry W. Gillett, W. B. Dunning, R. W. Waddell, John Oppie McCall, Alfred Owre, Oscar Carrabine, Arthur E. Neergaard, W. D. Tracy, Walter P. Anderton, Harold J. Leonard, Francis Carter Wood, George David Stewart, Henry S. Dunning, and Drs. Cecil and Miner.................... 157


Aim: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is one of the few signaling molecules that regulates a truly astonishing number of critical intracellular signaling pathways.TWS119 is a GSK-3β inhibitor with IC50 of 30 nM. This study investigated the effects of the above GSK-3β inhibitor with respect to protecting neurons against oxygenglucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury. Methods: Cell viability assay was performed using MTT. Neurite length quantification was processed by image J in neurons exhibiting microtubule-associated protein 2 (MCP-2)-positive staining. Bax, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Inflammatory cytokine expression was investigated by a multiplexed sandwich ELISA-based quantitative array. Results: OGD-induced neurotoxicity was significantly inhibited in neurons pre-treated with different concentrations of the GSK-3β inhibitor. The GSK-3β inhibitor also attenuated OGD-induced Bcl-2/Bax ratio reductions in neurons. We noted a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokine and pro-apoptotic protein levels in 2 h OGD-treated neurons. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the GSK-3β inhibitor plays a critical neuro-protective role in OGD-treated cells through its antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect, and indicate that it may be a promising novel therapy in ischemic stroke.


Google Scholar is the scholarly search tool of the world's largest and most powerful search engine, Google. It enables the users to search for scholarly literature including peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, preprints, abstracts, and technical reports from all broad areas of research. Google Scholar gets its information directly from publishers and by crawling the Web for scholarly content. Following a descriptive method of study, the paper provides a detail history and development timeline of Google and Google Scholar. Discusses in detail the features, search strategies, citation indexing values of Google Scholar.


Introduction: Spiritual Leadership is essential due to various issues among leaders. To meet the changing and challenging demands of their environment in the twenty ? first century. This research was aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational commitment of staffs in the headquarter sections of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).? Methods: The present research was cross sectional, descriptive and analytical study which was induced at 2015. The sample size of this study consisted of 150 staffs. Data collected using the questionnaires of Fry spiritual leadership and organizational commitment assessment by Meyer and Allen and analyzed by SPSS software. Findings: There was a significant relationship between spiritual leadership with organizational commitment. Conclusion: Spiritual leadership brings about organizational commitment in order to satisfy staffs? needs and expectations, and reveal their potential abilities by attempting to achieve organizational goals.


Great strides have been made in the nutrition and physiology of plant tissue cultures, but cytology is still lagging behind (Partanen 1963, White 1967). It is only recently that the cytology of plant tissue cultures has begun to attract attention. A survey of the literature on the cytology of plant tissue culture revealed that attention has been directed to only a few of the species. It is imperative, therefore, that wider survey of the subject be made for better understanding. A study of the histogenesis of calli developed from the hypocotyl explants of fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. revealed that they originated mostly from the pericycle (Gupta 1969), which is always known to be diploid (Torrey 1959). Most of the investigators reported polyploidy and aberrations in callus cultures as common phenomena. Since fenugreek calli originated from cells having a diploid constitution, it was thought desirable to study the cytological changes that occurred during callus formation.


In order to synchronize power electronics converters with the grid, the knowledge of the phase angle plays a very important role. In grid connected applications, the phase angle of grid voltage must be determined accurately and quickly. Therefore, synchronous reference frame-phase locked loop (SRF-PLL) method is widely used due to the advantages of its simple structure, easy to implement and robust performance. The SRF-PLL operates as a feedback system to instantaneously detect the phase angle of the grid voltages. Under ideal grid conditions, the SRF-PLL provides quick and accurate phase detection. However, under non-ideal grid conditions such as unbalanced and distorted grid, the dynamic response of the SRF-PLL is failed. The aim of this paper is to improve the dynamic response of the SRF-PLL under unbalanced and distorted grid. In the control algorithm of the SRF-PLL, it is very important that the detected phase angle is locked fast to the phase angle of the grid and it shows a good filtering characteristic in terms of the dynamic performance of the system. Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is usually used for the PLL control. The PI controller also operates as a loop filter in the system, which determines the dynamics of the system. Under unbalanced and distorted grid conditions, setting the PI coefficients can keep the system stability. But, in different imbalance and distortion conditions, the phase angle is estimated incorrectly for same PI coefficients. Furthermore, even if the PI coefficients are updated according to variable conditions, the phase angle is still improperly estimated and also the synchronization time increases. In order to improve the dynamic response of the SRF-PLL and estimate the phase angle quickly and accurately under non-ideal grid conditions, it is necessary to use an adaptive control algorithm. Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) has non-linear, adaptive control mechanism and robust performance in various conditions. Besides, it is one of the intelligent algorithms of control systems and allows the use of expert person's experiences. In this context, the FLC was used for the control algorithm of the SRF-PLL instead of the PI controller in this study. The PI controlled SRF-PLL method and proposed FLC controlled SRF-PLL method were tested under unbalanced and distorted grid conditions in MATLAB/Simulink software. Under unbalanced grid condition (as the unbalanced grid voltages, 373 V peak value for A-phase, 285 V peak value for B-phase and C-phase were used), there was a big phase error in the PI controlled SRF-PLL (max. phase error = 0.081 rad i.e. 4.64°) whereas there was a very small error in the FLC controlled SRF-PLL (max. phase error = 0.0012 rad i.e. 0.069°). Under distorted grid condition (the 5th and 7th harmonic components were added to the grid voltages- the amplitude of 5th harmonic component was equal to 10% of each grid phase voltage and the other one was 5%), fewer errors were obtained for each SRF-PLL than the previous condition, however, while the max. phase error was equal to 0.021 rad (1.2°) in the PI controlled SRF-PLL, it was equal to 0.0002 rad (0.011°) in the FLC one. The results clearly show that the PI controlled SRF-PLL cannot be adapted to unbalanced and distorted grid conditions, and it causes a very big fault when determining the grid phase angle. On the other hand, it is clear that the FLC controlled SRF-PLL is very well adapted to these adverse grid conditions, and the phase angle is determined almost without error. Consequently, comparative results show that FLC controlled SRF-PLL determines the grid phase angle more accurately and quickly by means of adaptive nature of the FLC.


This is a randomized experimental design with control group pre test - post test design, which aims to uncover the physiological effects of listening to music during exercise on the secretion of the hormone cortisol and endorphins. The sample is 24 students majoring in Sport Science chosen at random based on the criteria established, and then divided into three groups consisting of sports, without listening to music, sports by listening to slow music (slow music) and sports by listening to loud music (hard music). Data collecting was done by pedaling a bicycle ergo meter exercise for 10 minutes with sub maximal intensity while listening to music. Listening to music during the workout use five multiplayers (MP5) and headsets. Blood sampling for hormone cortisol and endorphins examination performed before and after exercise. The analysis data using ANOVA, with significance level 5%. Results of data analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between the exercise without music, sports by listening to music, whether slow or music on loud music on the secretion of the hormone cortisol and endorphin (p <0.05). Sports without the music tends to have increased secretion of the hormone cortisol and also hormone endorphin, contrary to the exercise by listening to loud music and there is a tendency slow decline in secretion of the hormone cortisol, whereas the hormone endorphin in both groups are still fluctuative. It can be concluded that sub maximal intensity exercise, by listening to music for 10 minutes tends to decrease hormone cortisol and increases endorphins, which can inhibit the stress and make sense of music as well. Therefore it is advisable to inhibit the increase in cortisol during exercise can be done by listening to music, which according to the intensity of exercise.


Mdical-nursing combined care emerges under the background of development of pension services in our nation, and to study the modes of medical-nursing combined care has the important theoretical and the practical significance. According to the present situation of population aging and the urgent need of in China and using the relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness of the embeddedness theory, the paper summarizes and three kinds of medical-nursing combined care modes:rganizational medical-nursing combined care model,,medical-nursing combined care model,retiform medical-nursing combined care model. it also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, popularity conditions of these modes,and puts forward the methods to choose the three kinds of medicalnursing combined care modes, so as to provide a new thought in developing the medical-nursing combined care.


Joint debridement, by excision of synovial membrane, osteophytes, degenerate cartilage, loose bodies, and frequently the patella, has relieved the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee joint twenty-three times in a series of thirty-five operations reviewed after periods of one to nine years. The operation is considered a useful measure when symptoms resist conservative treatment.


Abstract We have analyzed the flow of polythermal McCall Glacier in Arctic Alaska. Using measurements of surface velocity from the 1970s and 1990s, together with measurements of ice thickness and surface slope, we have investigated both the present flow and seasonal and long-term flow variations. Our analysis of the present flow reveals that (i) longitudinal stress coupling is important along the entire length of the glacier, and (ii) there is significant basal sliding beneath a 2 km long section of the lower glacier. This sliding exists year-round and it accounts for more than 70% of the total motion there. We have developed a numerical model which shows that such a sliding anomaly causes an asymmetric decrease in ice thickness. Accompanying this decrease in thickness is a decrease in surface slope at the center of the anomaly and an increase in slope up-glacier from it. Both effects are reflected in the observed surface profile of McCall Glacier.The longitudinal stress-coupling length of McCall Glacier is three times the ice thickness, almost twice that typical of temperate glaciers. This is a direct effect of lower strain rates, which themselves are associated with the smaller mass-balance gradients of Arctic and continental glaciers. Long-term variations in surface velocity between the 1970s and 1990s are explained solely by the effects of changes in glacier geometry on the deformational flow contribution. This means that long-term variations in the spatial patterns of longitudinal stresses and basal sliding must have been small. Seasonally, Velocities reach their annual minimum in spring and increase during the short summer nick season by up to 75% above mean winter values. However, the extra motion associated with the period of elevated velocities is only about 5% of the total annual motion. The speed-up is due to an increase in basal sliding. This implies that most of the glacier bed is at the melting point. The zone a affected by the melt-season speed-up extends well up-glacier of any moulins or other obvious sources for melt water at the bed.


IGBTs based on the NPT (nonpunch through) design approach exhibit excellent safe operating area and short circuit endurance, a positive temperature coefficient of on-state voltage over the operating current range, and low silicon cost. These merits have supported the development and commercialization of NPT IGBTs above the 1200 Volt class. However, the need for quite thin silicon to obtain competitive on-state losses at 1200 volt and below classes has hindered the use of the NPT approach in this area. A new punch through (PT) IGBT has been developed which exhibits the merits of the NPT approach, rugged SOA and short circuit endurance, while also having a better trade-off relation between on-state voltage and turn-off loss than either existing NPT or third generation PT IGBT.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Miscarriage is a stressful life event with negative consequences that can last into the subsequent gestation, increasing women's risk for psychological symptoms. Less clear in literature is whether having a living child may buffer the psychological impact of miscarriage on subsequent pregnancies. Objective: explore levels of depression, anxiety and fear of delivery in women with and without a previous miscarriage, taking into consideration the presence of a living child. Method: 208 women (M = 34.68) were recruited during the third trimester of gestation. The sample was composed of 159 women without a previous miscarriage (72.3% primiparae and 27.7% multiparae) and 49 women with a history of miscarriage (53.1% primiparae and 46.9% multiparae). Participants filled out a battery of questionnaires aimed at assessing anxiety, depression, and fear of delivery. Results: Primiparae reported higher levels of fear of childbirth than multiparae. Moreover, women without a history of previous perinatal loss showed lower levels of depression and fear of childbirth than women with a previous perinatal loss. Conclusions: Data highlight the importance of developing specific support groups, for primiparae, due to their great emotional vulnerability, and for women with past miscarriage, to help them cope in adaptive ways with a new pregnancy.


Banking sector is one of the most powerful financial management agencies which have a major role in the economic growth of India. Each bank has its own culture, as every organization different in their culture. Organizational Culture includes everything that influences an employee in an organization. This may reflect in their stress levels, which may in turn reflect in the individual productivity as well as the organizational. In the literature, there were different studies of organizational culture and work stress among bank employees, but very few studies which tried to explore the relation between organizational culture and work stress in India especially in the state of Kerala. This study was intended to find the nature of organizational culture and work stress of banks employees of northern Kerala.


The verb zheng in northeast Chinese dialect is a generalized verb which can take various object and complement.Through "meaning component-mode" analyzing toward generalized verb zheng,this thesis focuses on the differences between generalized verb and polysemous verb,and then points out that the various "meanings" of verb zheng result from the coercion process of the constructions.In this mind,the theory of Construction Grammar should be taken as a better way to analyze the verb zheng and other generalized verbs in Chinese.


Abstract

To improve current treatment options in epithelial ovarian cancer, this paper outlines how nine non-cytotoxic drugs, eight of which are marketed for non-cancer indications, can be expected to augment current cytotoxic


The Fermi surface topology in the two-dimensional Hubbard model is particularly relevant for the high-temperature superconductors, whereas its theoretical research encounters with the difficulty of the analytical continuation problem. To this end, we proposed the concept of the momentum-dependent compressibility, defined as the variation of the momentum distribution function with respect to the chemical potential. The surface determined by the maximum of the momentum-dependent compressibility is nearly identical to the Fermi surface in the weakly and intermediate coupling regions according to our numerical results. In the correlated region, this surface also exhibits pocket and arc features, just like the Fermi surface in high-temperature superconductors. Therefore, for theoretical studies, this surface can be used as an alternative to determine the underlying Fermi surface. Considering that the momentum-dependent compressibility is closely related to the charge density correlations, our work also shows a connection between the Fermi surface topology and the charge density fluctuations.


It is important to examine aerosol deposition in human upper respiratory tract for understanding the impact of toxic aerosol on human health and therapy effect of medicine aerosol.A replica of human upper respiratory tract for experiment was constructed using stereolithography(SL).The test-bed for measuring aerosol deposition in upper respiratory tract was set up and the experiment for aerosol deposition was performed.The deposition efficiencies of different aerosol with aerosol diameter of d=0.3,6.5 μm at breathing intensity of Q=30 L/min was measured.The results showed that the aerosol deposition efficiencies were high in pharynx,larynx and trachea.Aerosol diameter has little impact on aerosol deposition pattern with almost same aerosol deposition efficiencies at aerosol diameter of d=0.3,6.5 μm while aerosol diameters influence aerosol deposition efficiencies in the human upper respiratory tract.Inertial impact and dispersion are main deposition mechanism of aerosol.The increases of inertial parameter improve aerosol deposition efficiencies.


During recent years,as the oil price increases continuously,the multinational petroleum corporations(ExxonMobil,Royal Dutch/Shell Group,BP,Chevron-Texaco and Total-Fina-Elf) have adjusted their developing strategies,especially for upstream.From the strategies of these multinational petroleum corporations,several traits are emerging: the upstream business is strengthened and put in the core place;the upstream business is moving out of America and Europe;natural gas and renewable resources are developing rapidly;the upstream business cost is increasing;and acquisition,reorganization,selling and merger are taken as significant ways for petroleum corporation development.Since the three Chinese national oil corporations(CNPC,Sinopec and CNOOC) are performing to enlarge their scales and win the international competitions,the strategies of those five multinational corporations are of great use for reference.


Based on the case of "Leqing Incident",the paper explores the problems in the construction of government's credibility in the civil society,and investigates the possible causes,and then suggests approaches to elevating the government's credibility.


We successfully identified the main constituents responsible for the high antioxidant properties of the leaves of Paeonia anomala (Paeoniaceae) for the first time. P. anomala is an endemic plant widely found throughout Mongolia, and its air-dried leaves are main ingredients in some kinds of herbal teas. Infusions of P. anomala leaves are also used as home remedies for the treatment of liver and kidney ailments by the local population. Three major antioxidative constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate layer of a P. anomala leaf ethanol extract via 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay-guided fractionation, consisting of liquid-liquid partition, two types of open column chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Chemical structures of the purified compounds were identified using LC-MS, H-NMR, and C-NMR as methyl gallate, pentagalloylglucose, and tellimoside. The identified compounds contributed to 35% of the total DPPH radical scavenging activity of the P. anomala leaf ethanol extract.


There are an enormous variety of conditions under which matter becomes an ionised gas or "plasma". For example, for atoms to be ionised the temperature must normally be greater than a few eV (1 eV ~ 104 K). In magnetic fusion machines such as the tokamak, the plasma density is 1012–1014 electrons or ions per cubic centimetre; in laser-produced plasmas the densities are much higher, 1020–1022 per cm3. Interstellar plasmas have much lower densities (a few particles per cm3), whereas much higher densities (~1025 per cm3) can be found in stellar interiors or in the fusion plasmas produced by laser-driven implosions.


This paper discussed the text features of traditional Chinese medical classics and the translation of their book names.It demonstrates by sample analyses that some translations of such names need to be improved and argues that ″communicative translation″ should be adopted and book names should be concise and theme-oriented when it comes to their translation so as to assure effective international communication.


This article makes a plea for using expressive writing in EFL/ESL writing courses. It examines the current unsatisfactory state of EFL/ESL writing and locates its causes in the pragmatic approach of textbook writers and practitioners. Next it reports a longitudinal case study of a university writing class at the upper-intermediate level of English where response writing was introduced over one semester. Results show student progress along a continuum of responsiveness with growing pleasure in the opportunity for self-expression leading to increased mastery of the language and more sophisticated thinking. Based on our findings we strongly recommend that expressive writing be factored into mainstream tertiary EFL/ESL writing courses. The problematic state of EFL/ESL writing today has prompted the present study. An examination of the current malaise will uncover educational and social concerns that are fundamental to institutional teaching and learning. Once these are addressed, a better way of teaching writing can be developed. An example of such a way is offered as a report of some action research undertaken in the English department of a Middle Eastern university.


The Bhutanese state has constructed their identity, domestically and internationally, against the Lhotshampa people, a broadly Hindu Bhutanese-Nepali people, who feature as the 'Other' in the process of identity construction. This group of marginalised people has been expelled from Bhutan through ethnic cleansing. The monarchy and ruling elite see the Lhotshampa as a threat to their power and have imposed policies designed to homogenise Bhutan. We explore this Bhutanese construction of identity.


A sight has more basic instinct functions comparing to a sense of smell or a sense of taste, and is considered the most important out of them. A movie which is developed by a technical evolution of a desire, supplies a new visual experience, and the audience can be in a position to watch a movie with a subjective sight through eyes of a camera. 'District 9' supplies subjects a superior and an active visibility by use of camera's eyes. Adding the sights of mockumentary film and the image of CCTV which present the view point of panopticon on the existing SF movie styles, the movie creates quite a new visual images and a new social perception by those sights. Laura Mulvey said that camera's eyes are same like a magic that they can observe anything unnoticed and relates to a 'power'. The audience enjoys a visual pleasure and again this relates to a power. Herein, we can realize that a visual power comes from securing a visibility and this connects to securing a dominating power, and the sight of the Absolute is corresponding to a power which Michel Foucault mentioned earlier. The movie 'District 9' is presenting the whole procedures of how these movements of the sights and the power are produced. Dis-harmonic sights by a power and vertical hierarchy structure between the white and the black of the District 6 of South Africa is being presented in the movie in the same relation between the human beings and the external organism. The human beings in the movie are always superior to the extraterrestrial and built a system to observe them wherever they are with a desire to control them. Having a sight of a controller, human beings can execute a great strong power in dis-harmonic sights with the external organism. By adopting the objective visual meaning that a camera doesn't tell a lie, the movie supplies the audience a spectacle that creates a composition of the sights as if the accidents of the movie are the real ones and also gives a qualification of a 'eye witness' to the audience. By then, the audience who begins to watch the movie with an objective superior sight can receive a bigger visual power by a different type of images. That's the composition of images taken by CCTV, a camera fixed in a place is the specimen of a strong power well planned and having a higher efficiency. Thus, the audience, as an 'observer' can keep eyes on the hero's acts, an object to be observed. This produces an unbalance of the sight by supplying the Absolute's Voyeurism like a panopticon which Michael Foucault mentioned. The people being observed can be seen clearly but the people observe can be seen unclearly, so like a panopticon, dis-harmonic sight occurs in this condition. For the hero of the movie, the rapid mutation, from a subject to observe to an object to be observed is being proceeded. He is no more in a position to claim his power of sight. The movie 'District 9' shows how it connects the sight of the audience to a power, and how the movement of the hero's panopticon sight influences the power of a sight.


An 85-year-old lady returned to the urology clinic for review 10 months postcystoscopically guided proximal urethral Zuidex injection for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Zuidex is a combination of dextranomer and hyaluronic acid. It is used as a …


Based on the results of a preliminary study conducted on 20 children, the number of children who got 4 stars was 3 children with a percentage (15%), 3 stars were 4 children with a percentage (20%), 2 stars were 3 children with a percentage (15%), while those who got 1 star were 10 children with a percentage (50%). This shows that there are still many children who have not been able to count from 1-10, which means that many children have not achieved their learning completeness. For this reason, it is necessary to take action so that children's learning completeness can be achieved. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of using smart tree media in improving children's numeracy skills 1-10. The design chosen for this study was the Kemmis and Taggart Classroom Action Research Model with 3 cycles. The data collection techniques used are performance techniques to collect data about students' numeracy skills and observation techniques to collect data about the learning process when each action cycle is carried out. The results of the data analysis showed that after the third cycle was completed, the learning completeness of the children reached 80%, meaning that there were 16 children who achieved learning completeness. The conclusion is that smart tree media can improve numeracy skills 1-10 in group A children at An-Nur Labuapi Kindergarten.


This Vinyl Album with Risograph booklet and poster launched at an live music event at Collective in December 2015 is the publication of the project. This is a project three years in development and implementation that incorporated a solo 'retrospective ' exhibition at the City Dome, Collective Gallery in Edinburgh in 2014, as part of Generation, 25 Years of Contemporary Art in Scotland, with a subsequent 18 month project, initiated at the exhibition and funded by Creative Scotland, City of Edinburgh Council and the Generation Engagement Project, working with young people and the Gallery that resulted in the release of a collaborative record.


The Stock Assessment Review Committee (SARC) meeting of the 36th Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (36th SAW) was held in the Aquarium Conference Room of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center's Woods Hole Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA December 2-6, 2002. The SARC Chairman was Dr. Andrew Payne, CEFAS, UK (CIE). Members of the SARC included scientists from the NEFSC, the NMFS's Northeast Regional Office, the New England Fishery Management Council (MAFMC), Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC), State of Maryland, Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), and the SEFSC's Beaufort NC laboratory (Table 1). In addition, 39 other persons attended some or all of the meeting (Table 2). The meeting agenda is presented in Table 3.


: Village land forest reserves (VLFRs) are recognized as an important base for rural community development. This study used timber and honey production activities to assess the actual contribution of three Village land forest reserves of Lupagalo VLFR from Songea District in Ruvuma Region, and Liboya and Luhangino VLFRs from Liwale District in Lindi Region on livelihood improvement rural communities living adjacent to these forests. This study assessed livelihood improvement based on financial, human, physical, and social assets. Data were collected using household structured interviews and focused group discussions. A total of 71 timber dealers (38 in Songea and 33 in Liwale District) and 37 honey dealers (23 in Songea and 14 in Liwale District) were interviewed in this study. Inferential statistics and Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used to report the results of this study. Results show that there is gain in livelihood assets due to timber and honey production. In addition, findings reveal that, physical capital indicators including better education, better health care, and food security had significant influence on livelihood of timber and honey dealer as the p-value (p<0.05). In financial capital, savings had a significant influence on the livelihood of honey and timber dealers. Also, training as an indicator of human capital had a significant contribution on the livelihood of honey and timber dealers. Further, based on social capital, membership status had a significant influence on livelihood contribution p<0.05. Since this study considered only two products, other forest products such as firewood, charcoal, and medicinal plants should be assessed.


The present application relates to a voltage conversion circuit and a control method. Voltage conversion circuit includes an error amplifier, generating an error signal; scaling circuit, the output voltage and the error signal to generate a gain signal; a first comparator, and a comparison signal according to the gain signal to produce a pulse signal; and a timer, the pulse signal generating a timing signal indicative of the voltage conversion circuit oN time and oFF time; wherein the gain signal and the comparison signal at least one signal component with a ramp, the voltage conversion circuit is constant on-time. Aspect of the present disclosure can effectively improve the transient response of the voltage conversion circuit.


A study was conducted to observe the meiofaunal community structure and its temporal and spatial fluctuation and a profile of vertical distribution of a mudflat in relation to sediment temperature, grain size, organic carbon and sedimentary chlorophyll a. The sampling was carried out for three seasons viz. Pre-monsoon (summer), monsoon and post-monsoon. The faunal density (no/10 cm 2 ) ranged between 945-2063/10 cm 2 and 704-1549/10 cm 2 at stations 1 and 2 respectively. The fauna was dominated by nematodes, turbellarians and harpacticoid copepods. The fauna fluctuated seasonally. A vertical zonation in the distribution of fauna was significantly correlated with interstitial water, chlorophyll a and sediment organic carbon. It is suggested that meiofauna in mudflats serve as food for the higher trophic levels.


The multi-bolted method is typically used for pultruded GFRP (PGFRP) connections. As the capacity of PGFRP structures is governed by connection strength, many researchers have sought to improve this performance. In a previous study investigating the effectiveness of glass fiber sheets (GFSs) in strengthening multi-bolted connections, debonding failure was observed as a failure mode in various types of GFSs, including 0°/90° and ±45° with 4 and 5 bolts. The present study tested four types of specimens to characterize failure modes when PGFRP is multi-bolted with GFS strengthening. Different failure modes were observed with two different numbers of bolts. Based on the observed failure sequences and previous material properties tested, a calculation equation was proposed. The estimated strength showed good agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, the study highlights some features of the failure load (such as the type of GFS and tensile strength) as recommendations for designing strengthening of PGFRP bolted connections.


This chapter presents the physical and chemical properties of methyl esters of Camelina sativa (CME) and palm oils (PME) as well as methyl esters of animal fats (FME), compared to the properties of methyl esters of rapeseed oil (RME), in terms of their suitability for use as a bio-component or biofuel for diesel engines. The test mixtures were prepared with particular attention to the parameters limiting the amount of bio-components in the biodiesel and which can not be improved by using additives. Prepared mixtures meet the quality requirements of PN EN 14214. The results were compared with the results of engine tests with using Perkins 1104C-44 engine. They specified the influence of each methyl esters to the most important parameters characterizing the combustion process and the emission of toxic gases. These results were compared to the standard diesel oil and methyl esters of rapeseed oil (B100). The results show that it is possible to prepare mixtures of biofuels consisting of methyl esters of various origins, with similar quality to standard diesel oil. However, they require some changes in the engine fuel supply system, which are described in this chapter.


■ In this article, the author describes the three stages of his own professional development—puzzlement, endeavor, and empowerment. In describing these stages, he seeks to empower other nonnative English speaking (NNES) professionals in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). The article describes the author's experiences, which range from learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in China to teaching English as a Second language (ESL) in the U.S., from writing and publishing in his native language, Chinese, to writing and publishing in English, and from being a graduate student in a university in the United States to serving as a doctoral dissertation committee chair. The article further reveals the hurdles overcome, the challenges encountered, and the academic success in teaching and research that the author has experienced as a NNES professional. The author concludes by sharing his belief that the success of a TESOL professional does not depend on whether one is a native speaker or a non-native speaker of English.


The study focused on achieving optimal resource allocation for Wireless Powered Communication Network (WPCN) using efficient energy management scheme. The proposed WPCN model was developed, structured with two Radio frequency channels vizthe RF energy transfer channel and the data communication. Analytical expressions were deduced to obtain optimal transmission power and system efficiency. Energy Management Scheme was applied in the system design to minimize the amplifier power consumption in the power beacon and guarantees the power beacon in receiving sensor measurement reports from the sensor node as frequently as required by a sensor application. It ensures optimal consumption of the harvested energy for continuous operation by the sensor node. A testbed was developed to measure the parameters and the system model characteristics which facilitates adequate evaluation of the energy management scheme. The results obtained showed that the proposed scheme adaptively controls the WPCN for optimal energy neutrality and high-efficiency RF power transfer. The proposed energy management scheme was observed to consume less than 50% of the power consumed by the no amplifier duty cycling scheme. Keywords— Wireless power Communication Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy Management, Harvest-then-


Background: An adaptive coarse-grained (kinetic) Monte Carlo (ACGMC) simulation framework is applied to reaction and diffusion dynamics in inhomogeneous domains. The presented model is relevant to the diffusion and dimerization dynamics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the presence of plasma membrane heterogeneity and specifically receptor clustering. We perform simulations representing EGFR cluster dissipation in heterogeneous plasma membranes consisting of higher density clusters of receptors surrounded by low population areas using the ACGMC method. We further investigate the effect of key parameters on the cluster lifetime. Results: Coarse-graining of dimerization, rather than of diffusion, may lead to computational error. It is shown that the ACGMC method is an effective technique to minimize error in diffusion-reaction processes and is superior to the microscopic kinetic Monte Carlo simulation in terms of computational cost while retaining accuracy. The low computational cost enables sensitivity analysis calculations. Sensitivity analysis indicates that it may be possible to retain clusters of receptors over the time scale of minutes under suitable conditions and the cluster lifetime may depend on both receptor density and cluster size. Conclusions: The ACGMC method is an ideal platform to resolve large length and time scales in heterogeneous biological systems well beyond the plasma membrane and the EGFR system studied here. Our results demonstrate that cluster size must be considered in conjunction with receptor density, as they synergistically affect EGFR cluster lifetime. Further, the cluster lifetime being of the order of several seconds suggests that any mechanisms responsible for EGFR aggregation must operate on shorter timescales (at most a fraction of a second), to overcome dissipation and produce stable clusters observed experimentally. Background The Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a well-studied member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are involved in cell fate decisions and are implicated in numerous human cancers [1]. Early studies indicated that there is a close relation between EGFR dimerization and tyrosine kinase activation [2,3]. EGF activates its receptor by altering the receptor's conformation and removing steric hindrances that prevent dimerization [4]. Upon activation, EGFR forms high-density membrane clusters presumably to amplify intra-cellular signaling and stimulate endocytosis [5], which facilitates signal transduction to the nucleus [6,7]. The mechanisms that contribute to the localization of EGFR [6,7] are complex and remain largely elusive. Single particle tracking microscopy data have shown that the membrane skeleton creates corral structures [8-11], which are responsible for the observed inhomogeneous diffusion of EGFR [12]. Thus, the receptor appears to perform Brownian motion inside a corral but also hop occasionally from that corral to a neighboring one. The nature of the interactions that create such diffusional barriers between corrals is still not fully understood. Furthermore, membrane rafts (a class of structures that include caveolae [9,10]) as well as clathrin pits [13] have been shown to localize receptor in the onset of endocytocis [8]. * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE


Abstract The death of a family member may trigger exacerbations among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). We hypothesized that bereavement would be associated with SMI exacerbations among bereaved partners and adult children diagnosed with SMI. Using linked population-based registries in Denmark, we identified partners and adult children diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depression in the five years preceding the family member's death. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the odds of SMI exacerbation two years after decedent death. Partners had increased odds of SMI exacerbation at 3 months into bereavement compared to 9-12 months prior to partners' death (AOR=1.43, [1.13-1.81]). Children with a history of SMI had lower odds of SMI exacerbation in the second year of bereavement. Sociodemographic characteristics and co-occurring alcohol and substance abuse disorders were associated with higher odds of SMI exacerbations. These findings have implications for targeted bereavement support.