This essay focuses upon and addresses the insufficiency and implications of the Model Act, most recently proposed by the American Bar Association (ABA) in February, 2008, which governs assisted reproductive technology. First, it argues that written consent is necessary for harvesting gametes from a dead body and that a lesser standard of consent should be adopted for using gametes that decedents had deposited and cryopreserved before they died. Second, it argues that the Model Act's implication of intent-based parenthood affirms the necessity for states to revise their intestacy statutes so as to protect the rights of posthumously conceived children. Constructive and prospective support tests will be highly useful for determining whether to grant these children inheritance. They will not merely address problems that arise when a decedent does not leave a will, but will also resolve potential ambiguities commonly found in a will or a written statement.


The variation of refractive index of glycerine solutions in equilibrium with air of various humidities has been studied; the time for equilibrium to be reached, when thin films of glycerine are used, has also been investigated. It is concluded that this property may be used very conveniently in a hygrometer.


In this paper,we described the intramolecular[2+2]cycloaddition of 2-(1′-allyloxytetrafluoroethyl)perfluoro-3-methyl-l-pentene(3).when 3 was heated below 100℃,no rearrangement product was found,but at 140℃,intramolacular cycloaddition took place giving 1-(1-′trifluoromethyl-1′-pentylfluoroethyl)-pentylfluoropropyl-2-trifluoromethyl-2-fluoro7-difluoro-3-oxa-biscyclo[3.2.0]heptane,1-(1′-trifluoromethyl-1′-pentylfluoroethyl)pentylfluoropropyl-2-trifluoromethyl-2-fluoro-7-difluoro-3-oxabiscyclo[3.1.1]heptane and some amounts of the intermolacular[2+2]cycloadducts.In the glass tube,the pyrolysis of 2 at same temperture gave the vinyl ketone andr-fluoropropene.


The CaATPase activities of microsomal fractions (10,000 g x 15 min 30,000 g X 60 min) of roots from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Svenno) and oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Brighton) are inhibited by HCO3 and Cr; and there is no effect by K' on the CaATPase. If the ATPase is activated by Mg2" or by Mn2" there is little or no effect by HCOj or CL. In wheat preparations, there is again no effect of K' on the Mgor MnATPase(s); but in preparations from oat roots both the MgATPase and the MnATPase are strongly stimulated by K'. A relation between MgATPase and potassium transport is normally accepted, and the difference between wheat and oat could reflect different strength of coupling between "energy" (ATPase) and carrier for potassium; with the strong coupling in oat as one of the biochemical adaptations that makes oat functionable as a crop plant on much more acidic soils than wheat. Regulation of anion transport should be a general problem; and alternative hypotheses are presented for how CaATPase may be influenced if a connection with anion transport is assumed. It is pointed out that unity in principles may well be compatible with variation in the specific biochemical solutions of transport problems; and that the biochemical solution may, in turn, be one of the factors that determine the ecological possibilities of an organism.


Air emissions were determined for turkeys fed four diets in a 2×2 factorial design to determine the effects of diets with 100% or 110% of NRC-recommended amino acid (AA) formulation when the diets contained either two (lysine and methionine) or three (lysine, methionine, and threonine) supplemental AA. Hybrid tom turkeys were raised and monitored in 12 rooms (3 reps per diet; 20 toms per room at hatch, culled to 16 toms per room at 21 days, and then 12 toms per room at 28 days of age). Air emissions were measured throughout the 140-day study. Data were analyzed statistically using the Mixed model procedure of SAS. The 100% NRC diets contained less N compared to the 110% NRC diets. Diets containing three supplemental AA had less N content compared to diets containing two supplemental AA. Cumulative feed intake (55.7 kg bird-1) and bird weight (BW; 19.8 kg bird-1) were not affected by diet. Feeding the 100% NRC diets resulted in 9% less cumulative N intakes and 12% less cumulative NH3 emissions as compared with feeding the 110% NRC diets. Formulation with three supplemental AA did not affect N intake but resulted in 25% less cumulative NH3 emissions, as compared with formulation with two supplemental AA, because it significantly reduced the NH3 emission rate (ER) on a per kg N consumption basis (88 vs. 109 g d-1 kg-1 N consumed) . The toms fed the 100% NRC diets generated lower ER of NH3 (1.5 vs. 1.8 g d-1 bird-1), H2S (3.4 vs. 4.4 mg d-1 bird-1), and non-methane total hydrocarbons (NMTHC; 0.08 vs. 0.10 g d-1 bird-1) than the 110% NRC diets (p < 0.05). Results of stepwise regression analysis confirmed the positive influence of N/S intake, room air RH, ventilation rate, and room air temperature on ER of NH3 and H2S. The study demonstrated the potential of reducing NH3 and H2S emissions from turkeys through diet modification of AA while maintaining acceptable production performance. No diet effect was observed on greenhouse gas emissions (N2O and CH4).


Objective To study the feasibility of indirect CT lymphography(CTLG) in localizing the sentinel lymphnodes(SLNs) of rabbits' breast and to evaluate the ability on CTLG in discriminating benign and malignant disease of lymphnodes.Methods36 adult female rabbits were divided to 3 groups evenly and randomly.The VX2 tumor was transplanted into the right and second breast in the first group.The yolk colloid was injected in the right and second breast in the second group.The third group was taken as the normal control.After the animal modes was made,inject the Ultravist solution(370 mg I/mL) 1 mL in right and second breast and massage it 30 s in every rabbits.CT scanning was performed before and at 1,15,30,45 and 60 min after contrast media injection.And then,Methylene Blue,with the same method and same dosage,was injected into the same place.Dissect the right armpit after massaging 30 s.Search blue lymphnodes and take them to the pathological examination.Results The excellent enhancement of all of the SLNs in right armpit was demonstrated.The peak enhancement was obtained 1min after injection.The peak value was(106.24±28.26)Hu.All of the afferent lymphatics of SLNs were visualized.The non-SLNs got the slight enhancement.The peak value was(59.43±11.62)Hu.A part of the afferent lymphatics of non-SLNs were visualized.The volume of the metastatic SLNs was larger than normal SLNs.And there was the phenomenon of filling defect of contrast media in them.The volume of the inflammatory SLNs was larger than normal SLNs too.There was not the phenomenon of filling defect of contrast media in them.The volume of the normal SLNs was small,and there was not the phenomenon of filling defect of contrast media in them.The 3D imaging was rebuilt with the CT scanning datus when 1min after injection.It was demonstrated clearly that the shape of SLNs and the relation with other structures in 3D imaging.In MIP imaging,the max-diameter and the min-diameter of the SLNs were:(10.33±2.63)and(7.50±1.82)mm(metastatic),(8.09±1.64)and(4.72±0.53)mm(inflammatoy);(6.38±1.61)and(3.31±1.10)mm(normal).Statistics: there was noticeable difference between tumor group SLNs and normal group SLNs in the long-diameter and short-diameter(tumor group normal group,P0.05),there was noticeable difference between inflammation group SLNs and normal group SLNs in the long-diameter and short-diameter(inflammation group normal group,P0.05),there was noticeable difference between tumor group SLNs and inflammation group SLNs in the long-diameter and short-diameter(tumor groupinflammation group,P0.05).The adjacent muscle of chest wall was not enhanced and the adjacent vein was enhanced slightly in CTLG.The number of visualized SLNs was the same as the blue dyeing.Conclusions CTLG is useful in localizing SLNs and their afferent lymphatics of rabbits' breast as well as evaluating the pathologic character of SLNs of rabbits' breast.


Background: The advantages of promoting evidence‐based care through implementation of clinical guidelines are well established. Clinical practice guidelines have been developed for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and prostate cancer screening. Aspects of the delivery of care by urologists or specialist registrars relevant to the guidelines were assessed.


Propranolol (10 to 30 μg/kg), oxprenolol (trasicor) (5 to 10 μg/kg), and sotalol (10 to 50 μg/kg) evoke an acute and prolonged increase of arterial pressure in normal and nephrectomized rats, while after adrenalectomy the arterial pressure remains unchanged or is reduced. The pressor effect is accompanied by a reduction of heart rate. The dose of the three beta blockers evoking an arterial pressure increase does not antagonize the effect of isopropylnoradrenaline. To block the beta receptors, doses 10 to 100 times higher than those effective on arterial pressure have to be used. The block of the beta receptors is accompanied by an initial fall of the blood pressure and by a significant decrease of the heart rate. The pressor effect of beta blockers is not antagonized but rather is potentiated by phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine. Moreover, in the presence of an alpha receptor blockade, the administration of beta blockers partially restores the response to catecholamines. These results support the hypothes...


This paper describes a data acquisition system developed to solute the problem of different data acquisition modules communication in ubiquitous industrial environment. The system can allow faster reconfiguration of plant-floor networks as applications change. It can achieve higher throughput, lower average message delay and less average message dropping rate in wireless communication. The development of a data acquisition system for rotogravure printing press in ubiquitous industrial environment also is reported. It illustrates that the system can perform well in industrial application.


The exponential population growth will put great pressure on natural resources, agriculture, energy systems and waste production. New business models and innovative technological approaches are necessary to tackle these challenges and achieve the energy transition targets set by the European Commission. Renewable energy technologies and processes such as solar photovoltaic, solar thermal and anaerobic co-digestion have become a subject of interest and research as a solution that could be fully implemented in industries and solve several environmental and economic problems. This paper discusses the possibility of integrating and complement these technologies to maximize renewable energy production and circularity.
The review was performed with a funnel approach aiming to analyze broad to specific subjects. Beginning with a literature review on the various definitions of circular economy, bioeconomy, and circular bioeconomy, ultimately proposing a single definition according to an industrial and academic scope combination, followed by a systematization and assessment of data and literature regarding energy systems present state and projections. The next phase was to assess data and literature of the fruit and vegetable processing industry from an energy consumption and biowaste production perspective to consequently discussing technologies that could help manage problems identified throughout this review. This paper culminates in propounding an Integrated Renewable Energy System conceptual model that promotes energy and waste circularity, envisioning how industries could be designed or redesigned in the future, coupled with a circular bioeconomy business model.


The energy supply of nodes will be limited strictly in the wireless sensor networks (WSN). Many algorithms propose to increase the efficiency of Sensor Networks. Many Clustering protocols have been proposed to improve system throughput and system delay, and increase energy saving. This work proposes to improve the life of a heterogeneous sensor network. Earlier work in this field e.g. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol and SEP (A Stable Election Protocol) use probabilistic algorithm. This paper uses a deterministic approach. It takes into consideration of many factors such as current energy of sensor node, percentage of nodes that not have been selected as Cluster Heads (CHs) in each round due to location reason and number of consecutive rounds in which a node has not been cluster-head. The proposed protocol is simulated and the results show a significant reduction in network energy consumption compared to heterogeneous network setup with LEACH and SEP protocol.


Citizen Journalism provides a place for people to celebrate the ordinary victories in their lives, a forum for discussing local political issues, coverage that specifically suits its local readership, and a way to connect people to one another-all things found wanting in a world dominated by big media monopolies. This budding phenomenon supports the community along with a new journalistic business model.


A non-intrusive objective assessment method is proposed to estimate the quality of output speech without the input reference speech based on narrowband speech test database. From clean speech Perceptual Linear Predictive (PLP) features are extracted and clustered by Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) as an artificial reference model. Input speech is separated into three classes, for which the consistency measures between features of the test speech signal and the GMM reference model are calculated and mapped to an objective speech quality score using Support Vector Regression (SVR) method. Experiment results show that the proposed method has a higher objective to subjective correlation degree than ITU-T P.563 within 6 narrowband MOS-labeled test databases.


Owing to the fact that the selection of cluster heads has a significant effect on the lifetime of the network, many researches have proposed various cluster head election methodologies for cluster-based WSNs. Although recent studies have focused on adaptive approaches, in which different parameters are assembled under a function, the effect of these parameters on cluster head election is not investigated in detail. In this paper, initially, a small-scale dataset is constructed by evaluating the death of the first, the half and the last node in a cluster-based WSN using three popular cluster head parameters, including the remaining energy of the nodes, the intra-cluster communication cost and the number of neighbours. In consideration of the results, a dynamically changeable coefficient based adaptive cluster head election, DCoCH, is proposed. The coefficients of the cluster head election parameters show alteration within three different periods of the lifetime of the network. DCoCH is compared with two recent adaptive based cluster head election methodologies for various WSN parameters and the results show that DCoCH outperforms equivalent approaches for different values of the location of the base station, the size of the network, the number of the nodes, the initial batteries of the nodes and the distribution of the nodes.


The hand vein structure is simple and the contrast is low for the hand vein image captured by the near infrared camera.In order to effectively extract the hand vein structure feature, firstly, the AOI is segmented to reduce the influence of background and edge, and the gray values normalization is done; secondly, dynamic global threshold method is used to roughly segment the vein structure; Finally, according to the structure characteristics of hand vein, the false vein is removed and get the read vein image;The experimental results show the efficiency for the algorithm proposed in this paper.


Skeletal muscle oxygenation is a commonly reported variable in human physiology research, and is often assessed using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In recent years, a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence, termed PIVOT (Perfusion, IntraVenous Oxygenation, and T2*) has been used to quantify skeletal muscle oxygenation during reactive hyperemia protocols. While the skeletal muscle oxygenation responses appear to be similar between investigations using the MRI PIVOT sequence and NIRS, the agreement between these two indices has yet to be explicitly reported.


This study aims to test the role of the state of occupation, represented in Israel, as one of the most significant challenges, which faces the Jordanian water security. Where Israel expands in its policy and ideology everyday its hydro-hegemony over the Jordanian waters. Hence, its acts result in negative consequences on the Jordanian water and food security, which in turn affects the Jordanian national security as a whole.,This study relied on the following two approached to tackle its problem: first: descriptive approach: the descriptive approach depends on defining the apparent features and describing their nature and the type of the relationship between its variables. It aims to achieving a better and deeper understanding on the situation of its future policies and measures. And research uses the system analysis approach to handle the subject matter. Given the influence of water on the development, Jordan, as an organic or a political and social state, takes into account the reasons and causes of development. Jordan turns into an active political state, with water as an influencing factor on it. This premise represents the core of the system analysis approach.,The research concluded that the Israeli theft of the Jordanian waters is the main factor in the Jordanian water crisis. If Jordan had received its usurped water rights by Israel, it could have been able to solve its water issue represented in the increasing deficit in its water balance. Therefore, the Israeli hydro-hegemony on the Jordanian water resources caused the imbalance in its water security and, in turn, caused the development process to falter in general.,The value of the research lies in the fact that it addresses the most important reasons behind the water crisis in Jordan, represented in the Israeli control over the Jordanian water resources and the research shows that the amount of water stolen by Israel is enough to solve the water crisis in Jordan.


The [4 + 2] cycloadducts of Me2E=C(SiMe3)2 (E = Si, Ge, Sn) and anthracene are prepared by reaction of an excess of anthracene in benzene with the [2 + 2] cycloadduct of Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 and Ph2C=NSiMe3 at 130°C, with Me2Ge(OPh)-CLi(SiMe3)2 at 100°C, and with Me2SnBr-CNa(SiMe3)2 at 80°C, respectively. The mentioned adducts act as sources for the ethenes Me2E=C(SiMe3)2 above 100°C, the intermediate formation of which has been demonstrated by trapping experiments with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene (formation of a [4 + 2] and an ene reaction product). The half life time of the anthracene adducts with E = Si, Ge, and Sn in the presence of DMB (= 2,3-dimethylbutadiene) in benzene on thermolysis at 130°C (first order reactions) is found to be 141, 12, and 0.3 h, respectively. In the absence of DMB, thermolysis of the cycloadducts leads in benzene as reaction medium exclusively to the dimers of the Me2E=C(SiMe3)2 intermediates. In toluene as reaction medium ene products of Me2E=C(SiMe3)2 are observed in addition to the d...


Background and Objectives Corticosteroids have been used for therapeutic management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Because the levels of steroid within inner ear after systemic administration is very low, high-dose steroid regimens have been used. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of high-dose (HD) steroid therapy with that of super-highdose (SHD) steroid therapy in SSNHL. Subjects and Method The study group consisted of 97 patients diagnosed as SSNHL. They were divided into two groups: those who were administered 60 mg prednisolone as the initial high dose (HD group) and those who were administered 1,200 mg hydrocortisone (300 mg prednisone) as the super high dose (SHD group). Results Hearing improvement was observed in 76.8% of HD group and in 67.9% of SHD group and there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of hearing improvement between HD group and SHD group. Conclusion Super-high-dose steroid regimen is not superior to high-dose steroid regimen in the treatment of SSNHL.


We examine the provisioning constraints of a pursuit-diving seabird in a cold ocean regime by comparing the behaviour of common murres Uria aalge rearing chicks at two colonies in the Northwest Atlantic during 1998-2000. Funk Island is the largest (340.000 -400,000 breeding pairs) and most offshore (60 km) colony of common murres in eastern Canada. Seventy-five percent of the Northwest Atlantic population of common murres breeds on this island. Great Island is one island within the Witless Bay Ecological Reserve, which is the second largest breeding aggregation (100 000 breeding pairs) and is located near-shore (2 km). The primary forage fish species in Newfoundland waters is capelin Mallotus villosus, which spawns on or near coastal beaches during summer. Therefore, the two study colonies differ in their distance to food resources and colony size It is within this natural context that we compare: (1) prey types and frequency of delivery (amount of prey), (2) parental time budgets, and (3) the mass and condition (mass/wing length) of fledglings at both colonies. Similarlysized female capelin (100o- 150 mm) were delivered to chicks at both colonies. Foraging time per day per parent, a proxy of foraging effort, was similar at both colonies (Great Island: 5.1 h: Funk Island: 5.5 h), as was the percentage of time spent with mates (Great Island: 12.3%; Funk Island: 10.9%). Foraging trips. however, were longer at Funk Island (4.1 h) than at Great Island (2.9 h). This resulted in lower feeding rates of chicks (0.17 feeds per h) and poorer condition of fledglings (2.9 g mm) at Funk Island compared to those at Great Island (0.22 feeds per h: 3.9 g/mm). We hypothesize that provisioning efforts are constrained at Funk Island by (1) distant food resources and increased competitor density. resulting in longer foraging trip durations and (2) the time spent paired with mates at the colony, which may reflect a minimum time required to maintain breeding sites due to higher breeding densities at Funk Island compared to Great Island. Demographic consequences of this poor fledgling condition at Funk Island are unknown, but fledglings may sufficiently accelerate growth at sea due to their closer proximity to an important nursery area. If fledgling survival is compromised. however, the lower potential for growth at Funk Island will impact the entire Northwest Atlantic population of common murres.


We identify magnetic waves in the initial insertion orbits of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission spacecraft far upstream of the Martian bow shock. Overall, the majority of the observed magnetic waves are elliptically polarized and more perpendicular than parallel relative to the mean magnetic field. We find and analyze numerous waves near 1 Hz. The handedness of these 1 Hz waves tends toward left‐handed as the angle between the solar wind velocity and the magnetic field decrease. Similar waves are not seen in the Juno cruise data when it passed Mars' orbit (while Mars was more than 1 AU away). The presence of these waves out to distances of 14 Mars radii as observed by MAVEN and their absence in the Juno cruise data suggests the 1 Hz waves are amplified and/or created by the Martian environment. We also find a second, separate class of intermittent waves with frequencies near the proton cyclotron gyrofrequency. These waves are primarily right‐handed polarized in the spacecraft frame. The spatial distribution of the waves suggests no clear association with the well‐known plume of escaping ions that flows in the direction of the solar wind electric field. There are no obvious correlations between the wave amplitudes and the direction of the local interplanetary magnetic field or on their proximity to Mars. These characteristics lead us to conclude that the majority of these near‐proton cyclotron gyrofrequency waves are likely whistler‐mode waves that are not directly associated with Mars.


New bounds on the electric dipole moment (EDM) of charm and bottom quarks are derived using the stringent limits on their chromo-EDMs. The new limits, $|d_c|<1.5\times10^{-21}\:e\,\text{cm}$ and $|d_b|< 1.2\times 10^{-20}\:e\,\text{cm}$, improve the previous ones by about three orders of magnitude. These indirect bounds have implications for different models of new physics, including two-Higgs-doublet, leptoquarks, and supersymmetry models.


It has been traditionally assumed that the social benefits of irrigated agriculture far outweigh the social cost imposed by its contribution to environmental degradation. This assumption is now being questioned on many fronts, however. The purposes of this study were to estimate the agricultural contribution to water quality problems in the Yakima Basin of eastern Washington, to evaluate the efficiency and the impact on agriculture of alternative water quality improvement policies in the area, and to recommend policies which could improve water quality in this and similar irrigated river basins.


Some routes may seem to have no rhyme or reason, but airlines do meticulous research to hunt down and devise niche markets


A study on the environmental tests for auxiliary and control circuits of high voltage switchgears, especially testing condition and requirements, according to the relevant international standards has been briefly reviewed in this paper. As the highest supply voltage of electric power systems have been progressed, testing techniques and testing standards such IEC codes improved and revised keeping step with it. Especially IEC 62271 series, which are applicable to the HV-class switchgears and controlgears have been revised in 2008 newly. In this paper, the special consideration and background information of environmental testing condition with mechanical operating performance, e.g. operation in a higher and lower ambient temperature, for the auxiliary and control circuits of switchgears and controlgears and considerable investigation to the related international standards have been provided. Examples of testing performed were showed and analysis of their test results have been described.


The electron energy spectrum of a wide quantum well with a different number of narrow barriers inside the well region was calculated. It was shown that the size-quantization levels rise in energy upon the introduction of such barriers. When the maximum filling of the quantum well with narrow barriers was reached and the fragment of a short-period superlattice was formed, the envelopes of the electron wave functions on the size-quantization levels were similar in shape to those in a usual quantum well. In this case, the scattering by the surface roughness of the heterojunctions was significantly increased. The low-temperature lateral conduction in a quantum well tunnel-coupled with a 10-well short-period superlattice and, separately, in the superlattice alone was investigated experimentally. The obtained results agreed sufficiently well with the model calculations and demonstrated a new way to form parallel conducting channels with different electron mobility.


A nanocrystalline surface layer was formed on Ni plate by surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT).The characterization of microstructure and composition indicates that Fe and Cr elements from stainless steel balls can diffuse and permeate into the Ni surface layer during SMAT.Fe and Cr can further diffuse and homogenize when annealing at high temperature,leading to the formation of new alloy with Ni,which results in the different magnetic property of Ni plate.The results show that the value of curie temperature(Tc) for nanocrystalline Ni surface layer induced by SMAT can exceed 600 ℃,much higher than that for the coarse-grained pure Ni(354.3 ℃),which indicates that SMAT is not only a process for surface nanocrystallization,but also an effective method for surface modification.


A welding system (10) including a welding power source (12), a receiver (30), and a wireless control device (44) is provided. The receiver (30) is adapted to communicate information to and from the welding power source (12). The wireless control device (44) and/or the receiver (30) is adapted to learn a first address specific to the receiver (30) and the wireless control device (44) pair to exclusively bind the welding power source (12) to the wireless control device (44) during a learning mode. Such a binding may occur when the wireless control device is located a distance from the welding power source that is below a preset threshold. The wireless control device controls operation of the welding power source when the wireless control device is bound to the welding power source.


The effect of deviation from the planar structure in electron spin-spin interaction has been semiempirically investigated for spin multiplet ground state of radicals with methylene bonds. If these bonds are not coplanar, a significant influence occasionally appears on the values of D and E, while the influence is very small if the relative orientation among the methylene bonds still does not change.


A practical methodology for structural reliability assessment of ultra large container ships is proposed in the article. The commonly used limit state function for structural reliability analysis of oil tankers and bulk carriers was extended to take into account the whipping response due to the bow flare slamming. The ultimate vertical bending moment capacity of hull girder was considered as a fundamental safety variable in the limit state function, whereas the stochastic model of the loads consists of static still-water bending moments (SWBMs), low-frequency rigid body vertical wave bending moments and high-frequency whipping bending moments. The stochastic model of SWBM for one of the studied ships was obtained from actual bending moments recorded by the onboard loading computer in 2 years of operation. Linear vertical wave bending moment was calculated by a 3D panel seakeeping code, using International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) recommendation No. 34 for the computation of extreme global wave loads. The nonlinear correction of linear wave bending moment was obtained from the recent IACS Unified Requirement S11A for longitudinal strength of container ships. Impulsive loading was modeled by von Karman added mass variation method, whereas transient dynamic hull girder response was analyzed by Timoshenko beam finite elements. Load combinations between extreme still-water and vertical wave bending moments, and between extreme low- and high-frequency vertical wave bending moments are considered. The structural reliability analysis of two container ships of different sizes was performed using the first-order reliability method, to observe differences in safety levels due to different ship sizes. Safety indices are compared with the International Maritime Organization recommendations for double-hull oil tankers to have credible basis for assessing the obtained results. An extensive sensitivity and parametric study was performed, accounting for various operational, environmental, and modeling uncertainties, as well as for corrosion degradation. The presented study may be useful for classification societies in further development of recently introduced IACS Unified Requirements for longitudinal strength of container ships.


In the fifteen years since the right of privacy was given its modem enunciation2 by the United States Supreme Court, its scope has been defined to include such medically related decisions as procreation,3 abortion of a fetus,4 and contraception.5 The Court, however, has so far declined to decide whether the right of privacy is a fundamental one in the context of an ill person's right to make an informed choice among various medical treatment options. The unsettled application of a medical right to privacy is well illustrated by the conflicting decisions of state and federal courts faced with cancer patients' demands for the federally proscribed drug Laetrile. This Comment will briefly survey the history of Laetrile and the Laetrile cases that have addressed the right of privacy argument, and will then discuss the right of privacy doctrine in the constitutional context of the federal government's approach to cancer.


This is the authors' accepted manuscript, the article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society: Anna Xambó, Gerard Roma, Pratik Shah, Takahiko Tsuchiya, Jason Freeman, and Brian Magerko (2018). Turn-taking and Online Chatting in Co-located and Remote Collaborative Music Live Coding. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 66(4), 253256. Please refer to the published version here: http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=19391.


The policy goals of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (education for all) programme focus on access and quality education. Using indicators like access and overcrowding, achievement, mainstreaming, fund utilisation and retention of children, this field survey of municipal schools in Mumbai and Delhi provides a comparative analysis of each city's progress towards the stated goal. adopted a democratic Constitu-


Investigations were conducted employing a three-component constrained mixture design to formulate milk blends from soy milk, peanut milk and cow milk. Variations in chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of 10-soy-peanut-cow milk (SPCM) formulations were studied. Variations in soy-peanut-cow milk (SPCM) concentrations influenced to varying levels the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of blends. SPCM formulations containing significant amounts of all three ingredients used (60-70% soy milk, 20-27% peanut milk and 7-20% cow milk) had high crude protein and fat values ranging from 2.20-2.51% and 5.00-6.35% respectively. Increasing soy concentrations caused relative increases in protein content while fat content increased with increasing peanut concentrations. SPCM formulations were high in the minerals Fe and Mn relative to cow milk which was high in Ca and Zn content. Trends in pH were contrary to titratable acidity and increased with increasing soy milk content but decreasing cow milk content. SPCM formulations demonstrated acceptable non-Newtonian behaviour and consistency indices.


Discretization of continuous lifetime distribution is an interesting and intuitively appealing approach to derive a discrete lifetime model. This study derived a discretized form of Reduced Modified Weibull distribution known as the Marshall-Olkin Discrete Reduced Modified Weibull (MDRMW) distribution. The mathematical and statistical properties of MDRMW distribution were derived and compared with existing distributions of Discrete Reduced Modified Weibull distribution (DRMW), Exponentiated Discrete Weibull distribution (EDW) and Two Parameters Discrete Lindley distribution (TDL). Maximum likelihood method was used to derive the statistics of MDRMW parameters. The Aarset Reliability dataset was fitted for the existing and derived distribution and AIC and Kolmogorov Smirrnoff (KS) were compared. The shape of MDRMW distribution was unimodal and monotonic decreasing. The plot of hazard rate function could be decreasing or bath-tub. The AIC and KS values of Aarset reliability data analysis were 483.9 and 0.17579; 507.8 and 0.24435; 485.2 and 0.17897 for MDRMW, DRMW and TDL respectively. The AIC and KS values of Leukemia survival data analysis were 668.2 and 0.11053; 751.9 and 0.39285 respectively. The Aarset reliability data analysis showed that MDRMW compared favorably with existing distributions. The MDRMW and DRMW handled Leukemia survival data set as against EDW and TDL. The values of AIC and KS for MDRMW were lower than DRMW, EDW and TDL. This showed that MDRMW was better than the existing distributions.


The investigation focuses on simultaneously optimizing the locations and thicknesses of piezoelectric curved actuators as well as transient control voltages to achieve the best performance index. A curved shell element is deduced and the nodal displacement constraint equations are used to couple the piezoelectric curved shell element and the base shell element. Then the dynamic finite element equations of the piezoelectric shell structure are formulated. Based on the optimal vibration control theory, an integrated design optimization model is proposed. The linear quadratic performance index is taken as the objective function, and the control voltages as well as the number and volume of the actuators are considered as the constraints. The design variables include not only the locations and control voltages but also the thicknesses of the piezoelectric actuators. A two-layer optimization scheme is proposed to address this optimization problem with discrete and continuous variables coexisting. Because the control voltage is transient and time-varying, the linear quadratic optimal controller is used for the optimal control voltages in the inner layer. A simulated annealing algorithm is employed to optimize the locations and thicknesses of actuators in the outside layer. Numerical examples are implemented to demonstrate the accuracy of the curved shell element, the validity of the theoretical model, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization scheme.


The interest to the introduced rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) is explained by the search for more suitable varieties with good adaptability and high yield to be grown under the agro-climatic conditions in Bulgaria. The new foliar treatment products on the market Folur, Amalgerol and Lithovit, have also provoked our interest. The survey was carried out in 2013 2015, applying the two-factor field experiment following the split plot method. Two Turkish Osmanchik 97 and Gala, along with four Italian cultivars – Lince, Cameo, Puma and Brio were set as factor one. The foliar product Folur (2 l/da), Amalgerol (1.2 l/da) and Lithovit (0.300 kg/da) were set as factor two. The following factors were studied: phenological development of the cultivars, productive tillering capacity and yield. It has been specified that Osmanchik 97 and Gala had a shorter vegetative period. Lince stood out against the 6 tested cultivars by highest tillering results – 4.70 number of tillers/plant and was sharply outlined from the standard – Osmanchik 97, Puma and Brio. The tested products Folur and Lithovit had proven their effect on the formation of more productive tillering capacity – by 7.7% and 13.1% respectively. The highest yield was observed with Cameo (954.5 kg/da) and Brio (949.1 kg/da), which surpassed the Osmanchik 97 (control) by 8.6% and 8% respectively. The Amalgerol treatment proved to have the strongest positive impact on productivity and increased the average yield of the tested cultivars by 11.3%.


This familiar volume has been used by many practitioners for a number of years and has remained essentially unchanged until this year. Like the local newspaper it has the advantage of familiarity in format and style. Essentially it represents a collection of brief abstracts of articles published during the past year in which drug therapy was utilized in the practice of medicine. These articles have been grouped in rough categories, such as allergic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, hematologic disorders, etc. There can be no doubt that it has served as a useful reference to the physician or student who wishes to find an occasional article about a given topic. It also has provided some information which helps to keep the practitioner aware of new therapeutic developments. However, it has certain disadvantages. Foremost among these is lack of a unified discussion of a given disease or therapeutic problem. Added to this is


This article addresses the possibility that United States nationals will be prosecuted before the International Criminal Court (ICC) despite the absence of U.S. ratification of the treaty. In particular, a state party to the Rome Statute or the Prosecutor may initiate a process whereby U.S. accused are prosecutable before the ICC if alleged conduct takes place within the territory of a party to the Rome Statute (which now are many). There is also attention to complimentarity and the possible effect of the NATO Status of Forces agreement on full ICC jurisdiction.


The object of the study was the investigation of the forces generated by standing acoustic waves on vapor bubbles, both far and near boundaries. In order to accomplish this objective, in view of the scarcity of publications on the topic, it has been necessary to build an edifice of knowledge about vapor bubbles in sound and flow fields from the ground up, as it were. We have addressed problems of gradually greater difficulty as follows: 1. In the first place, the physics of an stationary isolated bubble subject to a sound field in an unbounded liquid was addressed; 2. The case of bubbles translating in a stationary pressure field was then considered; 3. This was followed by a study of the combined effects of sound and translation, 4. And of a neighboring boundary 5. Finally, a new method to deal with nonspherical bubbles was developed- In addition to the work on vapor bubbles, some studies on gas bubbles were conducted in view of NASA's interest in the phenomenon of sonoluminescence.


Aimed at the phenomenon of repeated program as hunting programs, puts forward a optimized design of program's hunting of color television automatically. No hardware needs to be increased or decreased, and only a comparison instruction needs to be inserted in the programs of the microprocessor.


The utility model discloses an aerated concrete building block heat insulating wall which comprises an aerated concrete building block brickwork wall surface for outer wall building. A big surface of the insulating layer of the aerated concrete building block wall is built on a peripheral heat bridge part of a wall body; heat insulating slurry is smeared on the outer concrete surfaces of a boundary beam and a boundary column; the upper and lower aerated concrete building blocks are staggered by slits, and the lap length is not less than 1/3 of the length of the building blocks and not less than 150 mm; an anti-crack net is fully hung on the outer wall on which an uneven anti-crack mortar layer is smeared; and a tie bar is arranged at the joint of the aerated concrete building block wall and a structural wall column. In the utility model, the aerated concrete building blocks also have a function of heat insulation for the outer wall, and a heat insulating layer is additionally arranged only to the heat bridge part due to the heat insulation performance of the aerated concrete building blocks, and the heat bridge effect at the junction of the building blocks and the concrete is prevented. The aerated concrete building blocks are arranged on the periphery of the wall body, heat insulating slurry is smeared on the outer concrete surfaces of the boundary beam and the boundary column, the heat insulating mortar is smeared on the surfaces of the beam and the column layer by layer, the anti-crack net and the anti-crack mortar are fully hung on the outer wall, and the structural reliability and long-term weather resistance of the outer heat insulation of the outer wall are greatly improved.


The role of mechanical stress in electromigration of thin films is reviewed and discussed. The role of stress in the driving force and the diffusivity are seen both to be important. The concept of the activation volume is discussed with regard to information available from its measurement. It is seen that void nucleation by electromigration or stress voiding is an unsolved theoretical problem.


We demonstrate that the surface Fermi level and surface recombination velocity in undoped GaAs∕n-type GaAs (i-GaAs∕n-GaAs) epitaxial layer structures can be simultaneously estimated from Franz–Keldysh oscillations (FKOs) in photoreflectance spectra, taking account of the photovoltaic effects. Initially, we performed computational studies on the surface electric fields in i-GaAs∕n-GaAs structures under the illumination of a probe beam. The surface electric-field strength is sensitive to the surface Fermi level and surface recombination velocity. We have found that these parameters can be evaluated from the dependence of the surface electric-field strength on the probe-beam power density. Next, we estimated experimentally the surface Fermi level and surface recombination velocity in an as-grown i-GaAs∕n-GaAs structure by analyzing the photovoltaic effect on the FKOs. The period of the FKOs increases with a decrease in the probe-beam power density. The surface Fermi level and surface recombination velocity a...


How to allow requests and data, which are relevant to a service using an IC (Integrated Circuit), to be exchanged among a SAM unit serving as a data-processing apparatus, a server and the integrated circuit with a high degree of efficiency in an operation to render the service. The server transmits a first command requesting an IC module (the integrated circuit cited above) of a portable communication apparatus to carry out processing to the SAM unit. The SAM unit interprets the first command and transmits a second command for operating the IC module in accordance with a result of interpretation of the first command to the IC module by way of the server. The IC module carries out the processing in accordance with the second command and transmits a first response containing a result of the processing to the SAM unit by way of the server. If an outcome of the judgment formed on basis of the first response indicates that the above processing has been completed, the SAM unit transmits a second response indicating completion of the processing to the server.


Discrimination against women in our society is deeply embedded within family context of the women. Women are subjected to violence from husbands and from their relatives in their natal as well as marital homes. This study was designed to determine unnatural deaths of females in Raichur during the year 2017. total 362 cases were autopsied where as 77 women of unnatural deaths were autopsied. Third and fourth decade were common age group. Most of the unnatural deaths were suicidal and road traffic accidents. This study reflects the susceptibility of women to unnatural deaths, thus needs to enhance the multipronged protective system, to curb these potentially preventable unnatural deaths of females


Diaper dermatitis (DD) is the most common dermatological disorder in infants. It is frequently secondarily infected with Candida albicans. Objective: To assess the efficacy and clinical outcome of honey, bees wax and olive oil propolis extract mixture and Nystatin cream as treatment regimen in diaper dermatitis. Methods:A total of 76 infants with diaper dermatitis were randomly treated with either Honey mixture (n=37) or Nystatin cream (n=39). Symptom Score (SS) was assessed at base line before treatment, at 5 and 10 days after treatment. Candida culture was done before treatment and on the fifth day after treatment. Results: Symptom Score was significantly decreased more in Honey mixture than in Nystatin(P=0.04),(P=0.001) at 5 and 10 days respectively. At 10 days after treatment, Honey mixture showed statistically significant higher proportion of complete recovery (94.6%) compared with Nystatin(64.1%) (P<0.002). Microbiological cure rate was 100% with Nystatin, while 72.4% with Honey mixture (P=<0.001). Conclusion: Honey mixture was superior to Nystatin in recovery of symptoms at 10 days. Honey mixture might be used alone or as adjuvant therapy in treatment of Diaper Dermatitis in infants.


Objective To study the expressions of p16,c-erbB-2 and E-cadherin proteins in human gastric carcinoma tissues and metastatic lymph nodes with their relationship to the pathological characters of carcinoma tissues.Methods The tissue microarrays comprised gastric carcinoma tissues of 123 cases and metastatic carcinoma tissues from lymph nodes of 82 cases.The expressions of p16,c-erbB-2 and E-cadherin proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results ①Expression of p16 in tissues of gastric carcinoma with lymph nodes metastasis were significantly higher than that of those without lymph nodes metastasis(P0.05).②Expressions of p16 in primary gastric cancer were higher than that in metastatic lymph node(P0.05).③The positive expression rate of p16 and c-erbB-2 in medium-to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma(P0.05).Conclusion The gastric adenocarcinoma with high expression of p16 is a proof of lymphatic metastasis.The loss of p16 may be a late incidence in the progress of gastric carcinoma.Co-expressions of p16 and c-erbB-2 may be constitute of criteria to judge the adenocarcinoma differentiation.


In this research, cooling of polymer membrane fuel cells by nanofluids is numerically studied. Single-phase homogeneous technique is used to evaluate thermophysical properties of the water/Al2O3 nanofluid as a function of temperature and nanoparticle concentration. Four cooling plates together with four various fluids (with different nanoparticle concentrations) are considered for cooling fuel cells. The impact of geometry, Reynolds number, and concentration is investigated on some imperative parameters such as surface temperature uniformity and pressure drop. The results reveal that, among different cooling plates, the multipass serpentine flow field has the best performance. It is also proved that the use of nanofluid, in general, enhances the cooling process and significantly improves those parameters directly affecting the fuel cell performance and efficiency. By increasing the nanoparticle concentration by 0.006, the temperature uniformity index will decrease about 13%, the minimum and maximum temperature difference at the cooling plate surface will decrease about 13%, and the pressure drop will increase about 35%. Nanofluids can improve thermal characteristics of cooling systems and consequently enhance the efficiency and durability of fuel cells.


The spindle of 5 m heavy plate mill was protected by hydraulic safety coupling in Baosteel.When mill safety coupling was disengaged by overload,speed difference between top and bottom rollers can make a series of serious consequences because of no disengagement detecting device.A kind of detecting device for disengagement of mill spindle safety coupling is introduced.Light reflection principle was adopted in the device,and disengagement of safety coupling can be detected rapidly with photoelectric signals.It is safe and reliable,and also easy to maintain with great fault tolerance and expansibility.Realtime and non-contact detecting was achieved in the field.


Abstract The six papers in this special issue describe a deep schism in the relationships between research, teaching and practice, with a focus on Australia. There are many reasons why translating urban research and pedagogy into practice has increased in importance in recent years. This introduction provides three negative factors—decreasing funding, relevance and voice—and two more positive factors—the rise of the 'pracademic' and increasing social media forms of interaction. The papers describe how the empirical and theoretical foci of planning research are symbiotic, presenting challenges and opportunities for linking practice, teaching and research into positive change.


The 2004 general election in Indonesia began on 5 April with the parliamentary election and ended on 20 September with the second round of the presidential election. This was the longest election that the country had ever witnessed and a marked success in Indonesia's quest for democracy as it was conducted in an orderly and peaceful manner. This chapter examines both parliamentary and presidential elections and their significance for Indonesian politics; the formation of the new cabinet; and the problems faced by the new Yudhoyono administration. It also looks at the tsunami disaster and Indonesia's foreign relations with special reference to military relations between Indonesia and the United States.


In the world of medical research, the general practitioner, by an occult tradition, has been thought of more as a source of patients than as a collaborator. His role has usually been restricted to clinical impression studies, in which he evaluates the efficacy and safety of a drug on the basis of his past experience with similar agents. At the most, he may be included in a placebo-controlled study, carried out under doubleblind conditions. The above types of studies, though not as sophisticated in methodology as those carried out in specialized centers, are nonetheless necessary and important in the evolutionary process of drug evaluation. One should not be deceived by their apparent simplicity-there is more to them than meets the eye.


Decentralized and federated learning algorithms face data heterogeneity as one of the biggest challenges, especially when users want to learn a specific task. Even when personalized headers are used concatenated to a shared network (PF-MTL), aggregating all the networks with a decentralized algorithm can result in performance degradation as a result of heterogeneity in the data. Our algorithm uses exchanged gradients to calculate the correlations among tasks automatically, and dynamically adjusts the communication graph to connect mutually beneficial tasks and isolate those that may negatively impact each other. This algorithm improves the learning performance and leads to faster convergence compared to the case where all clients are connected to each other regardless of their correlations. We conduct experiments on a synthetic Gaussian dataset and a large-scale celebrity attributes (CelebA) dataset. The experiment with the synthetic data illustrates that our proposed method is capable of detecting tasks that are positively and negatively correlated. Moreover, the results of the experiments with CelebA demonstrate that the proposed method may produce significantly faster training results than fully-connected networks.


Coconut shell is an excellent raw material for preparation of activated carbon.Studies on weight loss,heat effect and heat stability of coconut shell were carried out by simultaneous measurements of thermogravimetry(TG) and differential thermal(analysis)(DTA),mechanisms of pyrolysis and charring of coconut shell were analyzed.The influences of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate on charring yield and decomposition rate of coconut shell were also explored.According to experimental results,all curves from thermal analysis showed two weight loss stages under the conditions of five different heating rates.Temperature range of coconut shell pyrolysis is from 200 to 410℃.Controlling weight loss of the second stage is the key for pyrolysis and charring.In a certain degree,increasing heating rate is helpful for pyrolysis of coconut shell.Under the conditions of optimum heating rate at 20℃/min,enthalpy of pyrolysis reached 792.15 kJ/g and weight loss was only 31.925%.The optimum final (pyrolysis) temperature was 575℃.This study provides theoretical basis for optimizing charring technology of coconut shell.


The present disclosure provides a method of preventing neutrophil activation using antioxidants targeted to mitochondria. Also disclosed are methods for preventing or treating various inflammatory diseases and inflammation-related conditions using MTA.


The establishment of an analytical method for evaluating superficial fault displacements must contribute greatly to the improvement of methods for earthquake prediction in the Quaternary volcanic areas where many volcanic air fall deposits of known age are widely traceable. However, because the air fall deposits of uniform thickness cover many surfaces of blocks separated by faults, cumulative displacements along faults cannot always be detected in the deposits. Then, the study of geomorphological developments along a fault becomes important in analysis of superficial faults in air fall deposits. The Hirayama fault, south of the Tanzawa mountains, central Japan, is analyzed as an optimal example for studying the methodology in air fall deposits. The most important result of the detailed analysis is that the displacement rate of the Hirayama fault has been decreasing since 21,500 years B.P.; that is, the Hirayama fault has nonuniform history of movement. The result consequently indicates that the assumption of uniform history in fault movement is not always safe in earthquake prediction.


Rabi oscillations of telecommunication-band excitons and biexcitons have successfully been observed by the photocurrent spectroscopy in a single InAs/GaAs quantum dot. We show the excitonic Rabi oscillations up to the rotation angle of 8π as well as the biexciton Rabi oscillation up to 2π. The decoherence time of both the telecommunication-band exciton and biexciton is much longer than the excitaion pulse-duration of 40 ps. The results demonstrate that the telecommunication-band exciton and biexciton system is promising for exciton-based-quantum information devices compatible with optical fiber networks.


Working memory (WM) consists of two main components: sensory storage and central executive. We studied cortical oscillatory correlates of these two components in a large sample of 156 participants to assess separately the contribution of them to individual differences in WM. The participants were presented with WM tasks of above-average to high complexity. Some of the tasks required only storage in WM, others required storage and mental manipulations. Our data indicate a close relationship between frontal midline theta, central beta activity and the central executive component of WM. The oscillatory counterparts of the central executive determined individual differences in verbal WM performance. In contrast, alpha activity was not related to the individual differences. The results demonstrate that central executive component of WM, rather than sensory storage capacity, play the decisive role in individual WM capacity limits.


Inefficiencies in the production-marketing system for hogs are due in part to inaccurate derivation of live hog values from expected wholesale cut values. The evaluation method presented in this paper is accurate, objective, and practical when compared to a method used by a progressive firm in the industry. Time series price data and cross sectional carcass data are utilized in a two-step least squares procedure to estimate carcass value, associated with a given set of wholesale prices, on an individual carcass basis. This method, if used extensively, should lead to improvement in the hog marketing system.


Opuntia ficus-indica (Linnaeus) Miller more usually known as fodder palm or nopal belongs to family Cactaceae. In the present study, the drying behavior of the O. ficus-indica cladodes was observed. The study concentrates on comparatively studying two types of commercial drying methods viz., forced convective drying (tray drying) and vacuum drying to dry nopal cladodes at three different temperatures viz. 40, 50 and 60°C. The equilibrium moisture contents for forced convective drying was achieved at 540–720 min and for that of vacuum drying at 600–840 min. Three mathematical drying models for thin layer drying viz. Page, Lewis and Henderson-Pabis model were evaluated for both convective drying and vacuum drying. Statistical parameters such as the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error and reduced χ2 were used to fit the models. Page model was found to be satisfactory for both forced convective and vacuum drying of the nopal cladodes at 40 and 50°C respectively. Among these, two drying methods, forced convective drying method was found to be more suitable than the vacuum drying method for nopal cladodes on the basis of drying time and statistical parameters.


The optical interferometric technique with polarization phase shifting has been realized as one of the most important techniques for optical non-contact measurements. However, the measurement of thin film thickness using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been inconvenient due to the high cost of maintenance. This research aims to measure the thickness of the Hole Transport Material Nickel (II) oxide (NiO) layer deposited on a glass substrate (NiO/FTO layer) using phase shifting in a Sagnac interferometer. In the experimental setup, the signal is split into the FTO reference arm and the NiO/FTO sample arm using a nonpolarizing beam splitter. The split signals are then detected through a balanced photodetector. By analyzing the signal intensities at polarization settings ranging from 0° to 90°, the phase shift and thickness of the NiO layer can be determined. In this study, a NiO thickness value of 281.64 nm was successfully achieved. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed measurement method, the percentage error between the proposed technique and the conventional SEM method was computed. The percentage error was found to be 0.23%. These results indicate that the proposed setup holds promise as a cost-effective alternative to SEM for measuring thin film thickness.


Twenty‐six different bacterial strains were isolated from samples taken from different locations Dammam, Saudi Arabia, for screening of their polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production capability. The initial screening was conducted by staining with Sudan Black B and Nile Red, followed by examination under fluorescence and electron microscopes to characterize PHA granule formation. The PHA‐producing bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene analyses; the most potent bacterial strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain‐P(16). The PHA production capability of this strain in the presence of different low‐cost carbon sources, such as rice bran, dates, and soy molasses, was analyzed. PHA production in the presence of rice bran, dates, and soy molasses was 90.9%, 82.6%, and 91.6%, respectively.


Eye tracking and game mechanics: An evaluation of unmodified tablet computers for use in vision screening software for children Carisa Chang Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor William Erdly, Ph.D. Computing Software & Systems Binocular vision issues are a primary cause of reading and writing difficulties among children, with as many at 25 percent of school-aged children needing vision therapy. Vision issues are a better predictor of academic success and quality of life than race or socioeconomic status. In spite of validated screening exams and vision therapy to address these issues, the vast majority of children are never examined, or if examined do not receive follow up care. Barriers to access include financial limitations, availability of qualified eye care professionals and child engagement in screening and therapy. Current screening and therapy methodologies are not scalable, but computer programs and mobile applications already deployed in medical and behavioral fields offer insight to the impact that new screening and therapy technologies could provide. However, potential negative effects from the prolonged used of tablet screens must also be considered. A study was conducted to evaluate the use of computer vision and machine learning algorithms to estimate user gaze when applied to video input from an unmodified tablet computer. Accurate gaze estimation would enable the development of tablet-based vision screening and therapy applications. Recommendations for future work are made based on the results of this study.


Human subjects received feedback showing how closely their responses approximated the chaotic output of the logistic difference function. In Experiment 1, subjects generated analog responses by placing a pointer along a line. In Experiment 2, they generated digital responses in the form of three-digit numbers. In Experiment 3, feedback was sometimes provided and other times withheld. Responses came to approximate three defining characteristics of logistic chaos: Sequences were "noisy," they were extremely sensitive to initial conditions, and lag 1 autocorrelation functions were parabolic in form. Chaos theory may describe some highly variable although precisely determined human behaviors.


Senate Bill 1037, which takes effect August 22, 1998, will let "good Samaritans" in Arizona learn whether a person they help in an accident is infected with HIV. The caregiver may request the information from local health departments or from the State Department of Health, but only in cases where exposure to the victim poses "an epidemiologically significant risk" of disease transmission. Public health officials may not reveal the victim's name and must include a written statement warning the caregiver that according to State law, HIV-related information is confidential.


Purpose: The purpose of this research is to find out about the forms of legal protection given to children who are in conflict with the law, especially in the juvenile justice system based on Law No. 35 of 2014 and Law No. 11 of 2012 Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Research methodology: The method used in this writing is a normative juridical approach, namely a normative juridical approach, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data as the basic material for research by conducting a search of regulations and literature literature related to the problem under study. Results: The results of this study indicate that legal protection for children in conflict with the law in the juvenile justice system must be fully implemented by law enforcement officials at each stage of the examination, namely in the form of fulfilling and guaranteeing children's rights and prioritizing the best interests of children.


Populism has little or no place in British politics. Only two politicians have been seriously considered to be populists in recent times, and these are, of course, Enoch Powell and Margaret Thatcher. Though definitions of 'populism' vary, this article argues that, if one takes it as meaning 'the belief that the majority opinion of the people is checked by an elitist minority', neither Powell nor Mrs Thatcher were populists. In Powell's case, he was an intellectual par excellence, and even an opponent of capital punishment. Mrs Thatcher's support for the death penalty misled many into believing she was consistently a social authoritarian. The positions that both politicians took on the permissive society legislation of the 1960s illustrates their attitudes, and, though these matters were complex ones, the conclusion drawn here is that neither politician was remotely a threat to the dominance of the 'liberal' elite.


A 500-ha land of the commercial farm of the Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State was evaluated for production of maize, soybean, mango and coconut using a parametric Rabia equation method. Semi-detailed soil survey using 100 m x 100 m rigid grid method preceded the evaluation. Three mapping units designated as UCF-1 and UCF-2 and UCF-3 were delineated. In each unit, two representative profile pits were dug, described and soil samples collected following the USDA guidelines. The samples were analysed for some physical and chemical properties using standard laboratory analytical procedures. Soil reaction (pH 5.9 to 6.5) was favourable for the uptake of most nutrients, which were low to moderate. All the mapping units had potential suitability indices (PSI) of greater than 50 %, when evaluated for maize and soybean which made them moderately suitable for their production, except UCF-3 with PSI of 35 % making it marginally suitable for maize. Mapping units UCF – 1 and UCF – 2 with PSI greater than 57 % after being evaluated for mango are moderately suitable for its production. The PSI of all the mapping units was less than 50 % after evaluating them for coconut production making them only marginally for its production.


The novel method of the semiconductor nanostructuring (TINE&MEMO) has been developed on the base of the simultaneous AFM-tip induced local anodic oxidation and mechanical modification of the surface under the applying of advanced electric potentials. The TINE&MEMO-based technology allows obtaining the principle new scale of the depth up to 100 nm for the nanostructure fabrication with a low aspect relation between the width and deepness. The developed nanoscale AFM-lithography has been clearly demonstrated on titanium, gallium arsenide and silicon substrates for creation of electronic nanodevices. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 81.16.Nd; 68.37.Ps


Abstract : As a component of the Greenland Sea Project, a hydrographic cruise was conducted on board the USNS BARTLETT during August 1990 in the southern Greenland Sea to continue the study of the southern half of the Greenland Gyre (GG) and the Jan Mayen Current (JMC) that was begun with the BARTLETT cruise of September 1989, previously reported by Bourke et al. (1989, 1990, 1992) and by Blythe (1990). A total of 44 high-quality CTD stations were occupied to depths of 1000 m. Contrasting with 1989, 21 instead of five of these stations extended to near bottom at depths of 2200 to 3500 m.


It is not my intent to critique individual contributions in this special issue but to assess scholarly progress since the last special issue devoted to sexual orientation in Developmental Psychology (Patterson, 1995). Because not all steps forward can be catalogued in this limited forum, I focus on several long-standing challenges faced by developmental scientists as they investigate same-sex sexuality: recruitment and definition of same-sex populations, developmental diversity of same-sex oriented individuals, and "clinical traps" created by early research on same-sex populations.


Basic Concepts and Principles. Molecular Recognition and Host-Guest Interactions. Supramolecular Self-Assembly by Dative Bonds (Electron-Pair Donor-Acceptor or Lewis Acid-Base Interactions). Supramolecular Self-Assembly by Formation of Secondary Bonds. Supramolecular Self-Assembly by Hydrogen-Bond Interactions. Supramolecular Self-Assembly Caused by Ionic Interactions. Supramolecular Self-Assembly as a Result of PI-Interactions. Subject Index.


This study uses data on Pennsylvania sentencing practices to compare the sentence outcomes of white, black, and Hispanic defendants. Besides the overall more lenient treatment of white defendants, our main finding is that Hispanic defendants are the defendant subgroup most at risk to receive the harshest penalty. This pattern is held across all comparisons—i.e., for both the in/out and term-length decisions and for both drug and nondrug cases. These findings are consistent with the "focal concerns" framework on sentencing and with hypotheses drawn from the writings on prejudice and inter group hostility suggesting that the specific social and historical context facing Hispanic Americans will exacerbate perceptions of their cultural dissimilarity and the "threat" they pose.


: Phenylalalnyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS), a member of class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, catalyzes the synthesis of phenylalanyl-tRNA Phe (Phe-tRNA Phe ). Hence, like other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, PheRS also plays a crucial role in the cellular translation pro-cess. Structural characterization demonstrates remarkable architectural diversity ranging from monomer to hetero-oligomer. Heterotetrameric PheRS contains an editing domain to proofread misincorporation of non-cognate amino acids. However, editing activity is absent in monomeric PheRS. PheRS has also shown some noncanonical functions, such as DNA binding properties, suggesting its involvement in complex regulatory pathways. Engineered mutants with relaxed substrate specificities of PheRS can be a promising tool for chemical and synthetic biology. Because of substantial structural variations among species due to evolutionary divergence, PheRS may be validated as a novel drug target. Human PheRS gene mutations have recently been implicated in several neurological disorders prompting structure-function studies to elucidate the molecular role of PheRS in such pathologies. In this review on PheRS, we will briefly cover all of the aforementioned aspects and our current understanding about the enzyme.


By direct hydrothermal method, Mo-MCM-41 mesoporous catalysts with different Si/Mo ratio were prepared. Mo-MCM-41 was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and DRS UV-Vis spectroscopy. The morphological property of the samples was characterized by SEM. The SEM images show the agglomeration of the particles. The synthesized Mo-MCM-41 was used to modify glassy carbon electrode (Mo-MCM-41/GCE). The detection of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) using Mo-MCM-41/GCE in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV). At the Mo-MCM-41/GCE, 4-CP is oxidized at less positive potential with larger current response than the bare GCE.


This investigation evaluated whether type of programming differentially affects elaboration likelihood model central route processing of rape prevention messages, attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, and stability of change. The 258 participants were assigned to a didactic-video program, an interactive drama, or control. Measured over 5 time periods, results indicated that (a) the interactive drama was most effective in promoting central route processing; (b) the didactic-video intervention was more effective than the control at altering men's rape myth acceptance at 1 month, but change was not stable; (c) a pattem of rebounding scores on rape attitudes occurred for both interventions; (d) interactive drama participants were more able to identify consent versus coercion; and (e) interactive drama participants demonstrated differences on behavioral indicators.


Structural Biology
In mammalian cells, dynein 2 is vital for cilia's role in cell movement, sensing, and signaling. Dynein 2 transports cargo out of the cell cilia. It assembles at the base of the cilium with polymers called intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains and is carried to the top of the cilium by another motor molecule called kinesin II. Toropova et al. determined the structure of the complete dynein 2 complex using cryo–electron microscopy. Two copies of the heavy chain, which comprises an N-terminal domain, a long tail, and the motor domain, are brought together by nonmotor subunits. The interactions stabilize an autoinhibited conformation and constrain the tails into two different conformations, one straight and one zigzag. Docking studies show that the zigzag conformation matches the periodicity of the IFT polymer and that successive dynein 2 complexes interdigitate, making binding to IFT trains cooperative.

Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 26 , 823 (2019).


The degradation of electrolytic capacitor is the cause of most faults of Switching-Mode Power Converters. Various tests showed that the increase of the internal Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of the capacitors is good indicator of their faulty state. This paper presents the equivalent model of electrolytic capacitor, analyzes several different methods of detecting the value of ESR, and proposes a new method to realize the accurate measurement of ESR. The proposed method obtains the amplitude-frequency characteristics and phase-frequency characteristics of the power systems by black-box testing. In addition, it is shown that these characteristics shifted after the deterioration of the filter capacitor. The actual value of ESR is taken out from these shifted characteristics and the equations. At the end of this paper, a series of experimental results are shown to verify the proposed prediction methodology.


(1989). The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children in Benue State, Nigeria. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 197-198.


(6-4) photolyase ((6-4)PHR) is a flavoprotein that specifically revert UV-induced (6-4) photoproduct into normal bases. Recently, we reported structural changes upon photoactivation and photorepair of Xenopus (6-4)PHR using difference Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy we study detailed molecular mechanism of photoactivation and photorepair by combination of low-temperature FTIR spectroscopy, isotope labeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Three intermediate states are detected during the repair process of (6-4) photoproduct, and the molecular mechanisms be discussed based on the present vibrational identifications.[1]


†Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK; ‡Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; §Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ¶Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA


T O make the city a better place for the rearing af children is the fundamental idea back of the work-study-play program operated in the public schools of Gary, Indiana. The length of the day in the crime school of the street and alley is shortened in every possible way. The number of hours spent each day under the constructive influences of a wholesome work-study-play environment is exceptionally large, and the number of days in the school year is almost equal to the number of days in the calendar year. Probably the Gary child enjoys. the unique distinction of spending in school more hours each day and more days each year than any other public school child in the United States. These conclusions, based upon comparative facts, are derived from a number of recent studies. The School Day. The regular school day is eight hours in length with an hour for noon intermission. Classroom instruction begins at 8 :15 in the morning. It is completed at 4:15 in the afternoon. At this time the pupil may return to his home or he may remain on the school grounds and about the school plant, as hundreds of them do each day. This voluntary school activity is a matter left entirely to the individual and his family. To gain a better picture of what this school day involves, the day of a pupil in the Froebel School will be traced. · Our pupil comes from such a home and environment as is found in almost any rapidly growing American city. When he approaches his school plant he finds it a large and modern one, consisting of a beautiful main building, two shop buildings, school gardens, a zoo, playgrounds, wading pools, an athletic field, and a well-kept lawn in front -all located on a commodious site. When he enters his building, he finds members of his own class or of an adjacent class acting as traffic officers and as representatives of the student organization which is in charge of the government of the school. As he goes along the corridors, he finds original paintings of outstanding merit purchased by means of his own endeavors and those of his fellows.


Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is rare, but a number of individual cases have been reported in the literature. Radiologically, pulmonary amyloid nodules often mimic cancer and hence require biopsy to obtain a specimen for definitive diagnosis. We describe a case of isolated nodular pulmonary amyloidosis with an unusual amyloid composition that given the patient's clinical history has not been described in the literature to the best of our knowledge, making this case unique.


ABSTRACT The early twentieth century was a formative legislative era for the rendition of fugitives across the globe. Yet, imperial regimes were often unable to extradite fugitives. This paper draws upon a key extradition case in Trinidad involving fugitives from French Guiana penal colony who won their appeal case to avoid extradition – Kossekechatko and others v. Attorney General for Trinidad. The paper highlights how the case and its aftermath gave rise to imperial tensions. These pressures were between the rights of the imperial state to remove fugitive convicts who were cast as 'undesirable' individuals, the legality of deporting 'criminal aliens' accused of extraditable offences, and the right of refuge for French Guiana fugitive convicts as advocated by humanitarian groups. The paper shows how imperial policymakers attempted to manage this tension. It argues that the state's right to remove fugitive convicts triumphed when reforming imperial policy on extradition and that the Trinidad government strategically deployed both policy and philanthropic groups to remove fugitives rather than grant them refuge. As an increased international condemnation of the French Guiana regime remained in the background of the case, the example of French Guiana fugitives arriving in Trinidad therefore provides an apt window onto these imperial tensions and their resolution.


On the basis of analyzing the relationship between logistics parks and ITS development, concepts based on ITS logistics parks and relevant activities was offered and presented in the paper. Furthermore, a migration model of logistics enterprises in the park was established so as to prove how the enterprises decide to migrate. Wuhan Danshuichi Logistics Park was selected as a case to test the validity of the model. The results showed that the knowledge gained from this study can provide efficient operation of enterprises in park and guide for logistics park construction with a theoretical basis. For the covering abstract see ITRD E140665.


We analyze the influence of rate regulation on insurance demand in an annuity setting. With a unique dataset containing a natural experiment due to German federal regulation and the E.U. Gender Directive we study the impact of unisex tariffs on contract choices in variable annuity products. Our data contains two different choice variables with antithetic predictions for men and women, meaning that women should increase their demand in one choice and decrease it in the other, while men should exhibit opposite behavior. We find with regard to both choices that both men and women have lower demand for guarantees within the annuity in unisex contracts than without rate regulation. This behavior contradicts economic intuition. We hypothesize that the effect could instead be explained by the public perception of unisex tariffs.


Genetic diversity of a set of 50 elite rice genotypes was assessed through morphological, quality and SSR markers. The mean values for agro-morphological and quality characters were found to be highly significant. Plant height was found to be significantly associated with days to 50 per cent flowering and maturity. Kernel length was found to have highly significant positive correlation with cooked kernel length (CKL), cooked kernel breadth (CKB), gelatinization temperature (GT) and length to breadth (L/B) ratio while GT was found be have significant negative correlation with alkali spread value (AS) and positive correlation with CKL and L/B. Cluster analysis using morphological and physiochemical traits revealed five and three major clusters, respectively. Euclidian distance ranged from 0.39 to 24.30 per cent and 0.4 to 5.44 per cent, respectively for morphological and quality traits. SSR marker analysis revealed distinct polymorphism among the cultivars with 28 primers and the polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.139–0.99 with an average of 0.589 per primer. UPGMA Cluster analysis grouped the rice genotypes into eight clusters in which the genotypes that are derivatives of genetically similar type clustered together. Principal coordinate analysis carried out to visualize genetic relationship among elite genotypes revealed results similar to those of UPGMA results. The study revealed that cluster analysis for related cultivars as revealed by morphological, physiochemical and microsatellites markers provides greater confidence for the assessment of genetic diversity and relationships, which could be used in subsequent breeding programs.


This essay was originally presented as the Fifth Edna Manley Memorial Lecture at the Edna Manley College of the Visual and Performing Arts, Kingston, Jamaica, on 3 March 2015.


In order to have an advantageous position in competition of science, technology and economy in the next century, China has to build up its national industry which helps to stimulate innovation and development, especially to make policies and environment suitable to the development of high and new technology, and to increase scientific value and competitive purchasing power of products, so as to make high tech industry become a real major industry, which puts spurs to the overall development of China's economy. However, there are some factors blocking the technological innovation and development. We should make a complex study and put forward relative policies and suggestions.


This paper proposes a three-dimensional wireless sensor networks node localization algorithm based on multidimensional scaling anchor nodes, which is used to realize the absolute positioning of unknown nodes by using the distance between the anchor nodes and the nodes. The core of the proposed localization algorithm is a kind of repeated optimization method based on anchor nodes which is derived from STRESS formula. The algorithm employs the Tunneling Method to solve the local minimum problem in repeated optimization, which improves the accuracy of the optimization results. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Random distribution of three-dimensional wireless sensor network nodes can be accurately positioned. The results satisfy the high precision and stability requirements in three-dimensional space node location.


The differential cross section of the elastic scattering /sup 3/He (/sup 4/He,/sup 4/He)/sup 3/He was measured at center of rnass energies E/sub cm / be


The author argues that one of the computer's most unique features, its ability to respond in realtime, has y et to be fully exploited. For the past 16 years he has been creating an interactive computer medium in which the computer perceives a participant's actions and responds in real-time with visual and auditory displays. He describes his conceptual discovery process as well as work in progress.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the human resource management (HRM) and employment relations (ERs) field and explore the knowledge map, knowledge evolution trends and paths and paradigm shifts within this field.Design/methodology/approachThe Structural Topic Model in combination with Word2vec is proposed and applied in this work. First, this paper detects and interprets the research topics by reviewing 23,786 papers from 29 important journals in this field from 1990 to 2021. Then, this research explores popularity trends by aggregating topic proportions from a temporal perspective. Finally, this work explores the research topic evolution from the semantic perspective.FindingsThis paper obtains the following findings: (1) Sixteen research topics are identified, which provide the basic research overview of the whole field. (2) The changes in topic popularity over time map the tendency for employee benefits to be valued. (3) The evolutionary trajectories of temporal local topics are provided, which reflect the mechanisms of the paradigm and ideological migration and fusion.Originality/valueThis work adopts state-of-the-art textual as well as semantic mining techniques to establish a comprehensive knowledge map for HRM and ER research. Furthermore, these results uniquely demonstrate the pluralistic ideological orientation at the social level is gradually integrated into more micro levels, such as enterprises and individuals. These are the contents that were mentioned from previous studies by scholars, but not meticulously verified and interpreted.


In this paper, the effect of magnet field degradation on vibration of the permanent magnet (PM) motor is analyzed. Combination of 2D and 3D FEM is carried out to identify the electromagnetic vibration sources. Vibration signals are analyzed by electromagnetic (EM) field coupled vibration analysis. Results are useful in optimal motor design for PM motor to minimize vibration and to detect the magnet field degradation failure in online and offline monitoring.


In order to improve error performance of data storage, this paper presents a code-design algorithm for a class of structured quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (SQC-LDPC) codes with high rate ( R >= 0.9 ) and long-length (104 < n). In the design of parity-check matrix, optimized degree distribution pairs are obtained based on the combination of density evolution and differential evolution with a modified cost function. Moreover, both fewer short block-cycles and larger approximated cycle extrinsic message degree (ACE) are also considered. Simulation results indicate that codes in this design method its simulation curve is close to Shannon limit and have lower error floor.


Electrical measurements have been performed on Al/ZnS/p−Si diodes, where the ZnS film was grown using the molecular beam epitaxy process. Capacitance‐voltage data confirm that the ZnS layer is conducting as shown by the fall of capacitance in accumulation and the associated feature of deep depletion that is frequency independent. A wide dispersion of capacitance at different ac signal frequencies is observed in depletion. Also, admittance measurements are taken, using the conductance technique. The discrete energy‐state model provided the best fit to the admittance data, inherently implying a low defect interface has been created. The density of interface states varies between 8.2×1010 cm−2 eV−1 at the Si Fermi‐level and 2.7×1010 cm−2 eV−1 at the Si midgap.


2022-RA-1250-ESGO Table 1 Patient demographics and sentinel lymph node biopsy characteristics Abstract 2022-RA-1250-ESGO Table 2 Multivariate analysis: bilateral drainage2022-RA-1250-ESGO Table 2 Multivariate analysis: bilateral drainage Conclusion We did not find any differences among tracers in terms of accuracy; Otherwise, combining 99mTc to ICG achieves the highest overall and bilateral detection rates. Abstracts Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022;32(Suppl 2):A1–A504 A139 on D ecem er 2, 2022 by gest. P rocted by coright. http/ijgc.bm jcom / nt J G ynecol C acer: frst pulished as 10.11ijgc-2022-E S G O .98 on 20 O cber 222. D ow nladed fom


? Chlormethyl α methyl β propiolactone(CMMPL)was synthesized by dehydrochlorination of dichloromethyl propionic acid(DCMPA)in the presence of DOH.The ring opening polymerization of CMMPL was successfully carried out by using Sn(Oct) 2,Ti(OBu) 4,Al(i OPr) 4 and Al(Et) 3 as initeators in bulk or solution.Powder X ray diffraction and DSC measurement showed that P(CMMPL) was a kind of high crystalline polymer. Both the polymerization conversion and the properties of the polymer were affected by the monomer concentreation and the polymerization time.


Standard measurements of arterial stiffness via pulse wave velocity (PWV) are conducted with participants in the supine position. When participants cannot tolerate supine position for prolonged procedure time (e.g., low back pain), accommodations may be made to tilt the bed up or bend the knees (i.e., Fowler's positions). Moreover, a new testing device (Vicorder) that uses neck oscillometric cuff requires upper body tilt to avoid jugular vein interference on the recorded carotid pulse. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effect of varying body positions on arterial stiffness measured via PWV.


The National Labor Relations Act (the Wagner Act) remained intact as a statute for 12 years. From present indications in Congress, the Taft-Hartley Act will not live that long. Nevertheless it will be useful to analyze how the latter act has actually worked in practice. As yet, the significance of many of the sections has not become apparent because the National Labor Relations Board and the courts have not handed down decisions on these sections, but some effects of the law have already been brought into focus, and the purpose of this paper will be to judge the law in the light of how it has worked in practice. The Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947 (The Taft-Hartley Act) amends the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. The purpose of the 1935 act was to eliminate organizational strikes and promote industrial peace by guaranteeing labor the right to organize free from employer interference. Section I of the act also stated that since inequality of bargaining power between labor and management tended to aggravate business depressions, such power should be equalized. Consequently, the National Labor Relations Act aimed at improving the bargaining power of labor, mainly by granting labor the right to organize and bargain collectively without interference from management. The Taft-Hartley Act adds a third purpose-stating namely, that certain labor practices burden or obstruct commerce and therefore should be prohibited. Accordingly, the new amendments tend to restrict labor. In addition, the act gives more privileges to management than had been accorded this group under the Wagner Act. The Taft-Hartley Act in section 2(2) changes the definition of the term "employer" from "any person acting in the interest of an employer," to "any person acting as an agent of any employer." The change in definition is as significant as it is harmful. Under the old act, the board had issued cease and desist orders against chambers of commerce, vigilante groups, and other outside organizations which were furthering the employer's cause by methods outlawed by the National Labor Relations Act.1 These groups were acting in the interest of an employer, and therefore were considered employers who could be ordered to cease and desist from unfair labor practices. Now, however, under the Taft-Hartley Act such groups cannot be stopped from attempting to defeat unions by unfair methods unless it can be proved that they are acting as the agent of the employer. In many instances such is not the case, nor could it be proved easily if it were the case. The definition of an "agent" was also changed by the amendments to read as follows: "In determining whether any person is acting as an agent of another person so as to make such other person liable for his acts, the question as to whether the specific acts performed were actually authorized or subsequently ratified shall not be controlling." The Norris-La Guardia Act specifically provided


The Colorado Plateau has undergone as much as 1·8 km of uplift over the past 80 Myr, but never underwent the pervasive deformation common in the neighboring tectonic provinces of the western USA. To understand the source, timing and distribution of mantle hydration, and its role in plateau uplift, garnets from four eclogite xenoliths of the Moses Rock diatreme (Navajo Volcanic Field, Utah, USA) were analyzed in situ for δ18O by secondary ion mass spectrometry. These garnets have the largest reported intra-crystalline oxygen isotope zoning to date in mantle-derived xenoliths with core-to-rim variations of as much as 3 ‰. All samples have core δ18O values greater than that of the pristine mantle (∼5·3 ‰, mantle garnet as derived from mantle zircon in earlier work) consistent with an altered upper oceanic crust protolith. Oxygen isotope ratios decrease from core to rim, recording interaction with a low-δ18O fluid at high temperature, probably derived from serpentinite in the foundering Farallon slab. All zoned samples converge at a δ18O value of ∼6 ‰, regardless of core composition, suggesting that fluid infiltration was widely distributed. Constraints on the timing of this fluid influx, relative to diatreme emplacement, can be gained from diffusion modeling of major element zoning in garnet. Modeling using best estimates of peak metamorphic conditions (620 °C, 3·7 GPa) yields durations of <200 kyr, suggesting that fluid influx and diatreme emplacement were temporally linked. These eclogite xenoliths from the Colorado Plateau record extensive fluid influx, pointing to complex hydration–dehydration processes related to flat-slab subduction and foundering of the Farallon plate. Extensive hydration of the lithospheric mantle during this fluid influx may have contributed to buoyancy-driven uplift of the Colorado Plateau and melt-free emplacement of Navajo Volcanic Field diatremes.


Abstract : The major purposes of this study is to understand the nature of DON's civilian professionals' (GS/GM 13-15 and SES) managerial responsibilities and activities, including the performance frequency and importance of various managerial tass, the diversity of various managerial responsibilities, and the percentage of time spent on various management-related activities. Comparisons on these variables are made among subgroups, (defined along types of organizations, occupational series, pay plans, and gender). Subgroup comparisons were made by using graphs, as well as statistical hypothesis testing procedures, including simple t-test and multiple comparison methods. Comparisons revealed that although all of the DON's civilian professionals engaged in similar kinds of managerial activities, significant differences were found on the degree and scope of performing these activities among various supervisor groups, grade levels, and types of organizations. This suggests that for the future comparisons, investigators should take into consideration the effects of these subgroup distinctions as the three contingency variables, in terms of the contingency approach of management theory.


We study the differentiability of the limiting distribution function associated to the normalized Euler function defined on the shifted primes. 2010 Mathematics subject classification: primary 11N60; secondary 11K65.


A bienzynme electrode containing two different enzymes was developed for the determination of L phenylalanine.The electrode was composed of salicylate hydroxylase and phenylalanine dehydrogenase which were co immobilized by gelatin,and further fixed on the surface of Clark electrode.The bienzyme electrode covered a linear detection range from 0 mmol/L to 0.15 mmol/L in the presents of phosphate buffer (pH 8.0),0.5 mmol/L salicylate and 1.0 mmol/L NAD + at room temperature.In this case,the response of the electrode remained constant for 5 days and decreased to 50% after 10 days.