We study optimal portfolio, consumption-leisure and retirement choice of an infinitely-lived economic agent whose instantaneous preference is characterized by a constant elasticity of substitution(CES) function of consumption and leisure. We integrate in one model the optimal consumption-leisure-work choice, optimal portfolio selection, and the optimal stopping problem in which the agent chooses her retirement time. The economic agent derives utility from both consumption and leisure, and is able to adjust her supply of labor flexibly above a certain minimum work-hour, and also has a retirement option. We solve the problem analytically by considering a variational inequality arising from the dual functions of the optimal stopping problem. The optimal retirement time is characterized as the first time when her wealth exceeds a certain critical level. We provide the critical wealth level for retirement and characterize the optimal consumption-leisure and portfolio policy before and after retirement in closed forms. We also derive properties of the optimal policy. In particular, we show that consumption in general jumps around retirement. For the special case where the elasticity of substitution between consumption and leisure is equal to 1 we show that the option to retire reduces consumption and encourages risk taking.


Summary

Growth of Boops hoops Linnaeus, 1758 (Pisces, Sparidae) in the golf of Lion

The authors give the equations age-length, age-mass and mass-length of Boops boops living in the golf of Lion. Age has been determined by scalimetry. This study has shown that there is no difference between males and females and that the growth (lenght and mass) of the bogue along the French mediterranean coast is less on the Spanish and libanish coast.


A process for purifying air includes such steps as filtering to remove particles, photodecomposing-photocatalyzing reaction in a chamber with photocatalyst coated on its inner surface for primarily degradating the pollutants, and adsorption-ozone decomposing-catalystic oxidizing on a multifunction bed to further remove pollutant. Its advantages are no secondary pollution.


River incision is fundamental in shaping the Earth's surface. In mountainous regions with steep river beds, fluvial bedrock erosion by bedload transport is an important mechanism forming channels. However, there are only a few complete field datasets that can be used to improve process understanding and evaluate erosion models, especially at the process scale. To provide a simultaneous dataset of hydraulics, bedload transport and bedrock erosion at high temporal and spatial resolution, a new measuring device has been installed in the Erlenbach, a gauged stream in the Swiss Pre‐Alps. In this stream, bedload transport rates can be calculated from surveying deposits and from geophone plate sensors and bedload transport samples can be taken directly by an automated moving basket system. To measure bedrock erosion rates simultaneously, two natural stone slabs were mounted flush with the channel bed in a steel frame hosting various measurement devices. Force sensors below the slabs record normal stress and shear stress. At‐a‐point erosion rates on the slab surfaces are continuously measured at sub‐millimetre precision at three locations on each slab. In addition, the slab topography is monitored following erosive flood events. In this article (i) the 'erosion scale' device is described, (ii) data resolution and data quality is assessed by means of tests and event data, and (iii) the first transport event is discussed. The erosion scales are confirmed to provide data at high spatio‐temporal resolution for process analysis. The preliminary data show evidence for the tools effect in bedrock erosion. The bedrock slabs can be exchanged to obtain measurements for catchments with different lithologies for comparison. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A method for applying glue and brazing material to a honeycomb structure (1) comprising at least one at least partially structured foil (2) with a pitch (P) and a wave height (W) comprising the steps of: DOLLAR A - selecting an average brazing material diameter (D) of a powdery Lots (3), the magnitude is less than 15% of the wave height (W); DOLLAR A - determining a minimum adhesive strip width (B) according to the equation DOLLAR F1 - gluing of at least the at least partially structured foil (2) within the adhesive strip width (B) at least a portion of formed by the corrugation crests; DOLLAR A - brazing the honeycomb structure (1). DOLLAR A further proposed a corresponding Wabestruktur which ensures a sufficient technical joining even when using such a honeycomb structure in the exhaust system of automobiles.


The change of teacher centered learning to student centered learning is not only affect to the method, activity, and student achievement, but also in the assessment. This research was aimed to asses: 1)student activity, 2) the differences of peer assessment based on Jigsaw learning and conventional learning, 3) the effectiveness of Jigsaw learning. Sample in this research was two classes of XI IPA (64 students). The research was quasi experimental research with pretest dan posttest control group design. Data were collected by student questionnaire, cognitive test, and observation sheet. Data were analyzed by descriptive percentation, N-gain, and t-test. The results showed that average of N-gain for student achievement was 0,70 in experimental class and 0,53 in control class.The Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, it means that there was a difference of students achievement and experimental class showed a better achievement than control class. Student activity in cxperimental class was very active. The learning effectiveness represented by the ≥ 75 % of students who mastering the subject matter. © 2013 Universitas Negeri Semarang ISSN 2252 6412  Alamat korespondensi: Kampus Unnes Bendan Ngisor, Semarang 50233 Karsidi, dkk. / Journal of Innovative Science Education 2 (1) (2013)


Presented are the results of a laboratory study to evaluate the effect of rubber gradation and content, air voids, aggregate gradation, mix, temperature, and curing conditions on the properties of rubber-modified asphalt mixtures. Twenty different mix combinations were evaluated for diametral modulus and fatigue at two different temperatures (-6 deg C; 21.2 deg F and 10 deg C; 50 deg F). Only the results of the tests at 10 deg C (50 deg F) are presented. The findings of this study indicate that rubber gradation and content, aggregate gradation, and use of surcharge during sample preparation have considerable effect on the design asphalt content and on the modulus and fatigue life of the mix. The laboratory data were used to develop guidelines for use of rubber asphalt mixes in Alaska.


Development of neutron radiation therapy arises the question of ensuring the uniformity of measurements of the absorbed dose and the absorbed dose rate of neutron radiation. FGUP "VNIIFTRI" improved the primary method and means of reproducing the unit of neutron radiation absorbed dose rate within the framework of improving the State primary standard of units of absorbed dose rate and neutron dose equivalent rate GET 117-2010. A set of ionization chambers has been created and the upper value of the reproduction of the unit of absorbed dose rate of neutron radiation has been expanded. A hardware-methodical complex has also been developed for transferring a unit of absorbed dose rate of neutron radiation to nuclear physics facilities used in neutron radiation therapy. As a result the expanded relative uncertainty of reproduction of the unit of absorbed dose rate does not exceed 3%, the expanded relative uncertainty of the transmission method does not exceed 0.5%. The resulting level of accuracy is in line with the recommendations used in neutron beam therapy.


Gas evolution of silicon cushion materials with different structure was investigated by using TGIR, GCMS and solid microextraction. The results showed that inorganic ingredients such as H2O,CO2 and partial organic ingredients were detected among the gas enrichment of all the samples. The gas enriching components at 100 ℃ had similar ingredients to that at 200 ℃,although organic ingredients in a few samples increased at 200 ℃.


CKD: Basics and Clinical Assessment.- CKD Risk Factors: Assessment and Management.- CV Diseases and CKD.- CKD Complications: Assessment and Management.- CKD: Special Conditions.- CKD: Final Path to Renal Replacement Therapy.


The switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system using hybrid fuzzy neural network (HFNN) controller is developed to control electric motorcycle in this paper. First, the dynamic models of a SRM drive system and electric motorcycle are builted though experimental tests and parameters measurements. Then, a HFNN speed control system that combined supervisor control, FNN control and compensated control is developed to control SRM drive system in order to drive electric motorcycle. In the proposed HFNN control scheme, an optimum phase advancing is achieved by continuous adaptation of the optimum conduction position for the FNN. The electric motorcycle is operated to provide constant disturbance torque. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated by experimental results.


This paper introduced the transform of concentrator technological process and its effect in Tongkuangyu Copper Mine. Changed autogenous grinding into ball milling, grinding and flotation process changed with ore character. Saving energy and avoiding metal's lossing were considered in concentrate dewatering and transport. The water in dust removal of crushing process and the magnetite in tailings have been recovered. Note effect have been obtained by improving technological process.


Three-dimensional island structure of the lattice mismatched InAs/GaAs(001) system was prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and its images showing atomic structure on faceted planes were taken in situ by ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-STM). (113), (114) and (215) faceted planes are observed on 3D InAs islands. Based on high resolution STM images, atomic structural models of these faceted planes surfaces are proposed. The structure of the (113) planes is found to be different from those observed on nominal-flat InAs and GaAs (113) surfaces. The structural information will be useful for characterization of surface energy/stress of the islands, diffusion process on the surface, and interface properties. The result sheds a light on the formation mechanism and self-organization process of quantum dots.


Brian Cade offers invaluable guidelines on how to avoid the practice of constructive communication and the development of healthy relationships. (editor abstract)


A two-phase approach was used to develop a reliability-based design (RBD) method for external stability of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. In the first phase, a parametric study was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation to identify parameters that affect the probability of external failure of MSE walls. Three modes of failure were considered: sliding, overturning, and bearing capacity. External stability was assessed by treating the reinforced soil as a rigid mass using the same procedures employed for conventional gravity-type wall systems. Results from the parametric study indicate that the mean and coefficient of variation of the backfill friction angle are significant for sliding, the mean and coefficient of variation of the friction angle of the backfill and coefficient of variation of the unit weight of the backfill are significant for overturning, and the mean and coefficient of variation of the friction angle of the foundation soil and the mean of the backfill friction angle are signif...


The present invention provides Echinacea no cyst acid 3-1 parts by weight of a 1 wt olreahnolsan pharmaceutical composition for treating cardiovascular disorders comprising as the active component parts. The present invention also provides a total weight of 90.0% -99.9% of the station no cyst acid and include olreahnolsan and Echinacea no cyst in which the weight ratio of acid to olreahnolsan 3: provides a three jogakja tree extract: 1-1. The present invention also provides a method for producing and use of the extract. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to lower the liver toxicity by adjusting the ratio of the acid-eki no cyst and olreahnolsan of the composition.


A novel high switching frequency universal space vector modulation (USVM) technique which dramatically reduces the online computation burden imposed on the processor, is presented for inverter applications. It is shown that this new technique significantly simplifies the implementation for high switching frequency applications of the USVM technique without causing performance deterioration with regard to harmonic distortion and fundamental voltage error. Furthermore, it is shown that the modifications necessary to reduce the PWM calculations using the new high frequency USVM (HFUSVM) technique can be easily incorporated into existing microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) implementations and therefore existing PWM controllers using USVM can be easily updated for high frequency inverter control. Experimental and simulation results are presented to confirm the theoretical developments.


xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background to the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 4 1.3 Purpose of the Study 5 1.4 Objectives of the Study... V^fefX 5 y 1.5 Research Questions . /:>.:/././... .Qc. 6 • i r r~ /« ,j| V \ 1.6 Significance of the Study ! 6 1.7 Delimitation of the Study 6 1.8 Limitation of the Study 7 1.9 Assumptions of the Study 7 1.10 Definitions of Significant Terms 8 1.11 Summary 9


To the Editor.— Hypokalemia with neuromuscular manifestations has been reported in many clinical situations such as diuretic therapy, laxative abuse, hyperaldosteronism, cortisol excess, Fanconi's syndrome, colonic villous adenoma, and licorice ingestion. It has been seen mainly in white patients and in association with thyrotoxicosis. A recent case occurred in a euthyroid Negro patient.1A letter in theBritish Medical Journal2described hypokalemia in many patients during the English epidemic of influenza A2(1968 Hong Kong strain) but no documentation was presented. We report this case in order to reemphasize this observation and to note its presentation as a form of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Report of a Case.— A 66-year-old white woman suffered an influenza-like illness one month prior to admission, with chills, fever, muscle-aching, burning of eyes, and cough. She was bedridden for two weeks but began recovery. An epidemic of influenza in her town at this time


Background and Objective: Study the morphological, histochemical, histomorphometric and developmental statement of liver during different stages of ages (prenatal and postnatal). Also study of comparative morphological and histological structure associated with development of liver and gall bladder in local awasi sheep. Materials and methods: The study is performed on fifteen sheep fetuses, provinces for prenatal study and twenty animals in different ages for postnatal study. All fetuses are weighing by using sensitive balance and their crown-rump length (CRL) was measured by verniae calipers(Gall et al., 1994). (first trimester of gestation, and second trimester of gestation) according to the gestational age, which is determined depending on the crown rump length (CRL) using of following formula "( Y=2.74X+30.15)" "where 'Y'" is developmental "age of fetus" in days and 'X' is the "crown-rump length in cm. Results: at (50-55) days of gestation the liver of sheep fetuses was a largest organ pinkish to reddish in color at the this stage , Histologically: present study revealed that liver composed of thick capsule consists of collagen and reticular fiber . Current study appear that parynachyma of liver composed of the hepatoblasts appear with large , basophilic rounded nuclei and very tightly. a t (70-75) days of gestation the liver of sheep fetuses was a largest organ in the body and smaller in size than the previous stage , reddish to brown in color at the color . Histologically: revealed thin capsule contain collagen fibers . The fibers were also present continuously in portal area and were extending into liver parenchyma while reticular fibers was present in the interlobular connective tissue and mesenchymal cells were present in the stroma . Conclusion: In case of local awassi sheep fetuses at the first and second trimester the liver located at all the entire sub-diaphragmatic region , where its spans larger area of the abdominal cavity and well developed histimorphologically at prenatal stage.


Abstract One approach to military leadership is the philosophy of mission command. Mission command is supported by several principles and all of them are essential, without those it cannot be fully applied. These principles are the mutual trust between participants, the understanding, the clearly articulated intent of the superior, the decentralized execution and the timely-made decisions. As the Artificial Intelligence is progresssing and gaining ground it will influence the entirity of the military command and control process: new decision situations will arise and the human-machine cooperation may create new relationships. This paper scrutinizes whether the identified principles of mission command can be applied in the same way in the Artificial Intelligence-infused operational environment as it can be among traditional circumstances.


Objective To investigate the expression of the c-erbB-2, PCNA and the clinicobiological behavior in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods The expression of c-erbB-2 and PCNA in 39 cases of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma were investigated with immunohistochemistry of avidin-biotin complex. Results In the 39 cases with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the positive rate of c-erbB-2 proteins was 46.15%, The PCNA LI was 27.54±16.42. The positive rate of c-erbB-2 were related to the histological grade (P0.05) but not to clinical stages (P0.05). The PCNA labeling index were significant difference in histological grades and clinical stages (P0.01). The expression of c-erbB-2 and PCNA were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis. The expression of c-erbB-2 was not related to the PCNA (P0.05). Conclusion The expression of c-erbB-2 and PCNA are important markers reflecting the biological behaviors and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma.


The effects of UV-C irradiation (at doses of 8.16, 10.93, 16.17, and 33.29 mJ/cm2) on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of Agave tequilana Weber extracts at various pH values (4.5, 5.5, and 6.5) were evaluated. Thermal treatment (TT) was used as a control (85 °C for 30 s). Both processed (UV-C or TT) and unprocessed (UP) extracts were investigated. The UV-C dose and the pH significantly (p < 0.05) affected the inactivation of total coliforms (TC), total aerobic mesophiles (TAM), and yeasts and molds (YM). UV-C doses of 10.93 mJ/cm2 at pH 4.5 and 33.29 mJ/cm2 at any agave extract pH completely inactivated the native microbial load compared to TT. The total polyphenols (TP), antioxidant activity (AA), and sugar content did not change in the agave extracts at any dose, but the total flavonoid (TF) content decreased at doses > 16.17 mJ/cm2 at the evaluated pH values. Although the color of the agave extracts (L*, a*, and b*) was significantly affected, the total color difference (∆E) did not change after processing compared to the ∆E in the UP extracts. TT further reduced all the physicochemical properties of the agave extracts compared to UV-C processing. The results suggest that UV-C continuous flow technology can be used to stabilize agave extracts at doses of 10.93 mJ/cm2 and pH 4.5, while preserving their functional properties.


relative to a particular subject long years after the events involved have taken place, current materials are carefully selected and preserved; and, in conflict with the common feeling that con temporary history can have neither objectivity nor perspective, considerable emphasis is placed on the preparation of current his torical narratives. In other words, history is being written while it is made.


This study examines the export diversification convergence across a broad set of countries. In particular, it focuses on whether the 127 Non-OECD countries are converging with 34 OECD countries in terms of export diversification. The study uses the annual data of 161 countries from 1995 to 2016. Techniques such as panel unit root tests, panel data models, and panel club convergence technique are applied for analysis. The results derived from these techniques support the evidence of export diversification convergence. This implies that the lower export diversified (Non-OECD) countries are 'catching up' with the higher export diversified (OECD) countries. Further, the findings suggest that Non-OECD countries should diversify their export with a speed of more than 3% to catch the OECD countries in order to achieve high and stable economic growth


In the present paper we give the new proofs for the counterpart of Fan's inequality, and establish several refinements and converses of it. The method is based on an idea of J. Sandor and V.E.S. Szabo in (19). It must be noted that the technique has been replaced by a more effective one.


Combined treatment using anti‐programmed death‐ligand 1 antibody (anti‐PD‐L1) and platinum‐etoposide is the current standard first‐line treatment for patients with extensive‐stage (ES) small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the best treatment for relapsed ES‐SCLC after the first‐line treatment remains unclear. There are some approved chemotherapeutic agents that can be used against ES‐SCLC, and treatment with irinotecan is well established as both a monotherapy and a combined therapy, in combination with platinum. Therefore, we conduct a phase II study with irinotecan in the second‐ or later‐line setting for patients with ES‐SCLC who have been previously treated with combined treatment.


Pioglitazone hydrochloride, a hypoglycemic agent, is a BCS class II drug with low solubility and thus, limited bioavailability. In the present study, nanosuspension of pioglitazone was prepared by high pressure homogenization using different stabilizers at different concentrations (0.25 to 3.0% wfv) and optimized and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug content, FT-IR and OSC analysis. The particle size of the optimized nanosuspension stabilized with 1% tween 80 (coded as NS17) was observed to be 433 nm and zeta potential of -36.76 mV indicated good physical stability. The nanoformulation was also found to be stable during storage of 30 days at 2-8 ·c. The optimized nanosuspension, NS17 showed increased solubility, ;n vitro dissolution rate and improved pharmacokinetics in Wistar rats as compared to the marketed formulation.


Usual Laser guards fulfill the requirements for laser safety for industrial use of CO2- and Nd:Yag high power lasers. Thermal convection, radiation and heat diffusion are discussed as temperature reduction mechanisms. Due to the 4th order of the Stefan-Boltzmann-law, limitation of temperature is very efficient. With ultra short pulsed lasers, new requirements to laser guards arise. High peak intensity leads to nonlinear effects within the optical cavity, the beam path and the working zone. New risks arise from all three areas.Usual Laser guards fulfill the requirements for laser safety for industrial use of CO2- and Nd:Yag high power lasers. Thermal convection, radiation and heat diffusion are discussed as temperature reduction mechanisms. Due to the 4th order of the Stefan-Boltzmann-law, limitation of temperature is very efficient. With ultra short pulsed lasers, new requirements to laser guards arise. High peak intensity leads to nonlinear effects within the optical cavity, the beam path and the working zone. New risks arise from all three areas.


Aim: to evaluate the impact of coping strategies on the outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with prosoplegia. Material and methods: the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 50 patients with prosoplegia that developed after removal of tumors of the posterior part of the skull, the lateral part of the skull base, and the parotid-masticatory region involved in reconstructive interventions on the facial nerve was performed. At the preoperative stage a clinical examination of patients was performed according to the House-Brackmann scale, Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) scale, and a neurophysiological study was performed. A survey was carried out with the use of the Heim's questionnaire, WCQ (version by Lazarus), CSI as an indicator of coping strategies before surgery and the Aaron Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC). Outcomes were evaluated according to the Johnny Chuieng–Yi Lu subjective scale "Satisfaction with surgical treatment". Results: all patients from 6 to 10 months after surgery showed signs of muscle recovery, which in the majority (88%, n=44) was accompanied by an improvement in their condition. In 12% of cases (n=6) there were no positive dynamics, which caused unsatisfactory results of treatment. Such painful conditions are often interrupted or recommendations for self-rehabilitation are not followed. The above-described predominance of maladaptive coping strategies in patients with unsatisfactory initial operations is reliable. Adaptive treatment strategies were better developed in patients with favorable treatment outcomes. A high direct correlation was established between the outcomes of treatment, assessed by the Johnny Chuieng–Yi Lu scales, SGFS and SOC coherence scale, Conclusion: Systemic complex rehabilitation and self-rehabilitation have a significant impact on treatment outcomes. Prosoplegia leads to a violation of facial and emotional expression, causing social maladjustment and depressive disorders, minimizing the effects of reinnervation in combination with negative coping strategies. As a result, full-fledged surgical treatment of the facial muscles is currently a very difficult and sometimes insurmountable task.


In this paper, experimental solution for circular disk subjected to diametral compression is obtained using experimental method of the electrical analogy. This expermental solution is in agreement with theoretical solution of the circular disk.


ALERT is two and half year FP7 project started in October 2010. The overall goal of ALERT is to develop methods and tools that improve coordination in FLOSS development projects by maintaining awareness of community activities through real-time, personalized, context-aware notification. In this paper we summarize its objectives, the proposed way to achieve them and the expected contributions.


Due to the similarity of the radar backscatter in flooded and unflooded conditions over particular areas, it is not possible to carry out a comprehensive SAR-based flood mapping at large scale. In this paper, an additional information layer derived from Sentinel-l time series data, called Exclusion map (EX-map), is introduced. Its aim is to enhance and complement the results of automatic change detection-based flood mapping methods. The EX-map aims at delineating areas where observed variations of SAR backscatter do not allow detecting the appearance of floodwater. The EX-map is mainly composed of the following land cover classes: topographic shadow/layover, double bounce and smooth tarmac in urban areas, arid areas, dense vegetation and permanent water bodies. The method is evaluated over six study sites across the globe and tested for different flood events. The EX-map not only increases the classification accuracy of change detection-based flood maps derived from Sentinel-l data from 95.92% to 97.02%, but also enables a better interpretation of any SAR-based floodwater map.


We consider non-necessarily associative algebras over a field of characteristic zero and their polynomial identities. Here we describe most of the results obtained in recent years on two numerical sequences that can be attached to the multilinear identities satisfied by an algebra: the sequence of codimensions and the sequence of colengths.


SUBJECT AND CITIZEN: LOYALTY, MEMORY AND IDENTITY IN THE MONOGRAPHS OF THE REVEREND SAMUEL ANDREW PETERS by Joshua Michael Avery The Reverend Samuel Andrew Peters, deracinated by the American Revolution and forced to live in temporary exile in Great Britain, published both a General History of Connecticut, in 1781, and A History of the Rev. Hugh Peters, in 1807. By examining his two monographs this thesis uncovers the philosophical assumptions and ideological values of Peters and determines how those beliefs shifted over the course of his exile in England. These discoveries offer fresh understandings about how both Samuel Peters, and other similarly exiled and repatriated Loyalists reconstructed and 're-remembered' their experiences concerning loyalty to the monarch, religion, and their family past, as well as their political and social identity. SUBJECT AND CITIZEN: LOYALTY, MEMORY AND IDENTITY IN THE MONOGRAPHS OF THE REVEREND SAMUEL ANDREW PETERS


The Variation of Dry\|Wet Index in The Latest 2000 Years of Hubei is analyzed. It is considered that the fluctuation of climatic wetness status is obvious. The relatively Dry or wet appeared alternately by the period of about 2 centuries. Despite the frequency of flood and drought disasters occurred in recent years, those still were normal oscillation of climatic evolvement in The Latest 2000 Years. As a whole, Climatic wetness status in this area keeps relatively well\|balanced level. The Variation of Wetness in Hubei has preferable coherence with that in Haihe valley of China, much similar with that in westward of north American but without evidence of consistency with that in Europe and Africa.\;


IntroductionCivil service, the backbone of the Kenyan as well as the Indian Government machineries which carries great respect and responsibility, constitutes all the Ministries/Departments1 which run the State administration. A highly competitive and challenging area, it involves a variety of jobs in different departments. Compared to private sector jobs, this profession has job security. The prestige and power that comes along with these top-notch jobs is also a definite reason for a majority of youngsters and their parents to crave for this esteemed profession2. In addition, the salary, allowances and facilities like healthcare, housing, conveyance etc., also make it a lucrative profession for most people3. It is in this view that the Government of Kenya as well as the Government of India [hereinafter referred to as GOI] have enacted various Statutes and Rules prescribing the minimum eligibility criteria for different posts within the civil service primarily to prevent poor or unqualified persons to be appointed to posts in the civil service which requires the performance of responsible duties. These factors are comprehensively discussed hereunder.Nationality:The Constitution of Kenya, 2010 [hereinafter referred to as COK] as well as the Constitution of India, 1950, [hereinafter referred to as COI] explicitly provide not only that every person is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the respective Constitutions without discrimination of any kind (such as race, colour, sex, health status, language, religion, marital status, dress, national or social origin, birth or other status, political or other opinion, etc.,) in public employment opportunities but also that persons appointed to the civil service must necessarily be citizens of Kenya and India respectively4. The Indian Administrative Service (Recruitment) Rules, 1954 also reiterates that no person shall be qualified for appointment to the service unless such a person is a citizen of India or belongs to such categories of persons as may, from time to time, be notified by the Central Government5. Thus, for the Indian Administrative Service [hereinafter referred to as IAS] and the Indian Police Service [hereinafter referred to IPS], a candidate must be a citizen of India but for other services, a candidate must be either: a) a citizen of India, or b) a subject of Nepal, or c) a subject of Bhutan, or d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before 1st January, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India, or e) a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Srilanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India. However, a candidate belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the GOI but cannot be eligible for appointment to the Indian Foreign Service [hereinafter referred to as IFS]6.Similarly, in Kenya the Code of Regulations, 2006 [hereinafter referred to as COR] prohibits recruitment of foreigners except in cases where it has been established that there are no local candidates with the requisite qualifications to meet the staffing needs7. This provision is generally intended to protect the interest of the citizens in the civil service. The Permanent Secretary/Director of Personnel Management is obliged to seek the authority of the Public Service Commission of Kenya [hereinafter referred to as PSCK] before proceeding with any such recruitment from outside Kenya8.Age Limit:It is presumed that persons who join the civil service should have energy, vigour and confidence in labour. Hence, there are various rules or norms that provide for the minimum and maximum age limit for appointment to the civil service. In Kenya, for e.g., the COR provides that any appointment to the pensionable establishment should normally be restricted to officers who will be in a position to complete ten years' service required to qualify for the grant of a pension before reaching the age of compulsory retirement. …


PURPOSE
We evaluated six single-bottle, multi-purpose lens care solutions and a two component lens care system for disinfection efficacy according to the stand-alone primary criteria within the recently published U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidelines.

METHODS
One-tenth mL of 1 x 10(8) colony forming units (CFU)/mL of bacterial and fungal challenge organisms was added to each test solution. Following a specified period (e.g., each manufacturer's labeled minimum disinfection time), aliquots of inoculated test solution were neutralized and plated on validated recovery media. After incubation the number of viable microorganisms were enumerated and mean log reductions determined.

RESULTS
ReNu and ReNu MultiPlus met the FDA's acceptance criteria for stand-alone disinfectants against all challenge organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Fusarium solani. Opti-Free Express failed to meet the FDA's stand-alone disinfectant acceptance criteria for S. aureus, S. marcescens and C. albicans and Opti-Free Express with Opti-Free Supraclens failed to meet the acceptance criteria for either S. aureus and C. albicans. Opti-One failed to meet the FDA's stand-alone disinfectant acceptance criteria for C. albicans and F. solani. Both Complete and Solo-Care failed to meet the FDA's acceptance criteria for C. albicans.

CONCLUSIONS
This evaluation provides a direct comparison of antimicrobial activity (based on stand-alone criteria) for commercially available multi-purpose lens care solutions at their labeled minimum disinfection times. The results of this study should be considered when selecting appropriate lens care systems for patients.


Before the advent of modern chemotherapy, the five-year survival rate for patients with Ewing's sarcoma treated with surgery, radiation, or both was about 10%.99"*14 Adjuvant chemotherapy has produced five-year survival rates as high as 75% in some serries. '**I4 Each patient requires an individually designed treatment regimen based on age, future growth expectations, and the tumor's size and primary site.14 Generally, a multidisciplinary approach to treatment involving ablative surgery whenever feasible, high-dose radiotherapy, and intensive chemotherapy appears to provide the best re-


Objective To evaluate the lower extremity arterial occlusive disease with 16-slice CT.Methods A total of 45 patients diagnosed lower extremity arterial occlusive disease with image analysis,and all these patients under went 16-slice CT angiography,to obtain images to the workstation after treatment.All reconstructed inages were reformed by means of MIP、VR、SSD and VE.Results All cases were demonserated successfully with CTA.There were 2 case in aorta abdominal artevy,3 cases in iliac artery.16 cases in fenorals and popliteal artery,6 cases inartery of calf,18 cases were diffuseive and molesion.The pathological changes in CTA included irregular counter of vascular lumen.single and/or multiple seenos and occlusion.Forming of collaterlization and calcification.All patients in the CTA 24-48 h DSA examination after the end;In the artery above the knee(from the infrarcnal aorta to and inciuding the popliteal artery),there was no significant difference between CTA and DSA on the detection rate of lesions(χ2=2.381,P = 0.304).In the artery below the knee(from the start of anterior tibial artery to dorsal artery of foot),there was no significant difference between CTA and DSA on the detection rate of lesions(χ2=0.003,P = 0.998).Conclusion 16-slice spiral CT angiography can was valuable to demonstrate arteriosclertic occlusive in arter of lower limb and classify it,and may make the appropriate type.


Semiconductor/insulator/semiconductor solar cells having AM 1 efficiency of 14.5% on single silicon crystal were fabricated. The arsenic‐doped tin oxide films were deposited by the chemical vapor deposition technique on heated n‐Si substrate with 〈100〉 orientation having a resistivity of 0.1 Ω cm. Before the deposition of SnO2:As the wafers were made textured and the SiO2 layer was chemically grown on the Si surface. The capacitance‐voltage measurement at 1‐kHz frequency shows the abrupt nature of the junction with built‐in voltage Vd = 0.77 V. The variation of dark current density–voltage characteristics with temperatures was also studied.


The design of high voltage, high speed, three terminal silicon P v PN switches for high pulse current applications is discussed. The resistivity of the v region and the minimum base widths are determined by the minimum breakover voltage requirement. The dependence of the delay and turn on times and trigger requirements on the two base widths is then analyzed. It is pointed out that the breakover voltage, speed, and peak current requirement in combination with the desire for a low "on" drop necessitates stringent control of the resistivity of the v material during processing. The emitter area and emitter contact sheet resistance are determined by the peak current requirement. Other design features of the device are also discussed. Representative values of the device parameters are given for various designs. In typical applications, the devices are capable of switching from 500 volts to 50 amperes with turn-on times of .05 µsec.


This paper discusses the design and testing of an SF6 gas-insulated load interrupting switch which has multiposition capability. The multiposition capability is achieved through the use of rotary switching contacts which allow a wide variety of switching arrangements within one enclosure. In addition, the application of current limiting fusing in conjunction with SF6 insulated switches is described. This combination is achieved through the use of commercially available air-insulated canisters. The testing which was done to qualify the fuse canisters is also presented.


We investigate a breakup mechanism of 6Li elastic scattering on heavy targets (T = 209Bi or 208Pb) with the four-body version of the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (four-body CDCC). Four-body CDCC successfully reproduces measured elastic cross sections with no adjustable parameter, and we can then clearly discuss the four-body dynamics. Our analysis shows that dα breakup (6Li + T → d + α + T) is much more essential than npα breakup (6Li + T → n + p + α + T) in 6Li scattering.


The present study was conducted to assess the nutritive worth of wheat straw based diet (T1) and Crinipellis sp. (white-rot fungus) treated wheat straw based diet (T2) in terms of in vitro gas production, digestibility and rumen fermentation pattern. Diets (DM basis) containing 70% straw, 10% berseem fodder, 17% groundnut cake, 2% mineral mixture and 1% salt were formulated. In vitro total gas production (GV24h), true DM and OM digestibility (48 h) were higher (P<0.05) in T2 diet compared with T1 diet. Total N and NH3-N in rumen liquor of T2 diet were also higher (P<0.05) than T1 diet. Propionate concentration increased (P<0.05) with a decrease in acetate to propionate ratio in T2 diet. This study demonstrated that fungal treatment of wheat straw using Crinipellis sp. produces better quality wheat straw and its incorporation benefits rumen fermentation in vitro.


A design of broad band FET amplifier circuits is presented in this paper, using a unilateral equivalent circuit of the FET proved by its S parameter measurements : this method consists of decomposing the gain in a product of three transfer functions : one is constant versus frequency and the other two are of second order type. We show that we can obtain a flat gain in a very broad band by simply adjusting four parameters : input tuning, output tuning, generator resistance and load resistance. Numerical results show that with the FET used the load resistance can be taken equal to 50 ¿ and that the generator resistance must be slightly lower than 50 ¿. Under these conditions, we have realized amplifier stages covering the 1.7 GHz - 13 GHz and 6 GHz - 18 GHz bands. By placing stages in parallel between 3 - dB couplers we obtained balanced stages covering the 6 - 12 GHz and 2 - 8 GHz bands with an input-output VSWR lower than 2.


With the development of the semiconductor industry, more processors can be integrated onto a single chip. Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an efficient solution for the interconnections on chip for many-core system with many processor cores on chip. However, enhancing performance with lower power consumption is still a challenge. The core issue is the mapping of applications to NoC. A common method is to find processes with high communication with each other and map them to neighborhoods. Thus, they can reduce the communication distance and avoid unnecessary energy cost. This work proposed an online scheduling method, which aims at the optimization of task scheduling algorithm with low communication energy consumption. The communication status of applications at run time is analyzed first. Then, the algorithm will compute the mapping method dynamically and implement the real-time scheduling online. Experimental results based on simulation show that the algorithm proposed in this review can achieve more than 30% communication energy saving with low complexity.


For the investigation of failure behavior of electromechanical protective relays, a new evaluation method has been developed. This method is a qualitative method based on Failure Mode Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) and the results of this investigation have been processed to: • a list of failures and causes for a specific type of electromechanical protective relay, • an evaluation of current and former maintenance policies.


The ILC beam delivery system (BDS) uses a variety of superconducting magnets to maximize luminosity and minimize background. Compact final focus quadrupoles with multifunction correction coils focus incoming beams to few nanometer spot sizes while focusing outgoing disrupted beams into a separate extraction beam line. Anti-solenoids mitigate effects from overlapping focusing and the detector solenoid field. Far from the interaction point (IP) strong octupoles help minimize IP backgrounds. A low-field but very large aperture dipole is integrated with the detector solenoid to reduce backgrounds from beamstrahlung pairs generated at the IP. Physics requirements and magnetic design solutions for the BDS superconducting magnets are reviewed in this paper.


FIELD: sterile solution handling. SUBSTANCE: device has storage container 1 made of plastic which has neck 2 with open end and outer flange 3. It has also cavity 4 located on inner surface close to open end of neck, and valve gear 5. Valve gear 5 has body 6, filtering diaphragm, sealing cap 8 and valve member 9. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 7 cl, 6 dwg


An unsuccessful attempt to prepare the porphyrin (VII) is reported. The proposed synthesis (III → VII) was frustrated by the fact that neither of the intermediate dipyrromethanes (III and IV) could be prepared.


A fourth-order flat passband bandpass filter (BPF) is realized using proposed resonators and half-wave open-looped resonators. The fourth-order flat passband BPF is necessary to prepare at least two kinds of resonators that have high and low unloaded quality factors. The proposed resonator is configured based on a half-wave hairpin-shaped resonator with a parallel-connected resistor. It is assigned as a resonator with a low unloaded quality factor. The advantage of the proposed resonator is flexible adjustment of the unloaded quality factor by changing the value and setting position of the resistor. Using equations and electromagnetic simulation, we show that the unloaded quality factor can be controlled by setting the position of the resistor. A half-wave open-looped resonator is assigned as a resonator with a high unloaded quality factor. Furthermore, a fourth-order flat passband BPF with transmission zeros and a flat passband is constructed on a printed circuit board by using the proposed resonators and half-wave open-looped resonators. Flat passband characteristics of a fourth-order BPF is satisfied with the design specifications.


There is provided a body panel that is attachable to a body structure. The body panel has a portion with single thickness and an edge portion with double thickness, where the body panel folded over on itself and to the body structure can be attached. The body panel may be made of a metal material or a nonmetal material. The attachment may be via a weld, a fastener and / or adhesive.


The use of a teaching and learning strategy has been cited both internationally and in South Africa as a valuable lever to effect transformation with regard to teaching and learning. Stellenbosch University has had a teaching and learning strategy since 2002. This article reports on an evaluative study conducted on the basis of the implementation of this strategy. The study was designed to provide an insight into the success factors that influence the implementation of a teaching and learning strategy, and to consider whether this is an appropriate vehicle to encourage change at the institution. Data sources included interviews with key role players and reports and minutes of relevant meetings. Key factors affecting the strategy are shown to include: comprehensiveness of the strategy, extent and nature of devolution to faculty and departmental level; resourcing; perceptions of purpose of a strategy; coherence with institutional policies and with the South African policy environment; 'ecological fit'; leadership and support of key role players.


The author obtains some group theoretic conditions for the existence of p-blocks with defect 0 in a group with all subgroups of order p being conjugate.The existence of p-blocks with defect 0 of even order groups is also studied.


Two cases of spontaneous external biliary fistula are presented. In the first case, mucus and stones were intermittently discharged. In the second case bile and stones were intermittently discharged. In each case the discharge was due to obstruction of the biliary tree, but at different sites.


Abstract : This paper presents a method for optimization of safety factors and testing procedures to simultaneously minimize weight and maintain acceptable reliability and testing costs. A load combination rule for two categories of load with different safety factors is analyzed by structural reliability methods to estimate the probability of failure as a function of the two safety factors. As a part of this analysis, a procedure is developed for modifying published strength distributions to reflect a successful test to a specified fraction of design ultimate load. A cost model is constructed including the expected cost of failure, the value of saving weight, and the cost of development and/or proof tests. (Author)


Private equity firms take large profits through fees but do not deliver exceptional returns to investors such as pension funds. Publicised returns ignore many 'living dead' funds, and the impact on investors of the PE firms own fees.


Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effect of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (AEPF) leaves against cyclophosphamide (CP) induced myocardial toxicity in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were given CP single intraperitoneally injection (200 mg/kg) on day 1 of the experiment and two doses of AEPF (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) p.o. daily for 10 days. Cardiac biomarker enzymes such as creatinine kinase (CK), CK isoenzyme MB, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase were determined. Histopathological examinations of the hearts were done. Results: CP treated groups exhibited significantly increased in cardiac biomarker enzymes. Treatment with AEPF prevented the elevation of these enzymes. Potential protective effect was also seen in histopathological examination of the heart characterized by decreased myocardium cell damages in AEPF treatment group. Conclusion: The study showed the protective role of AEPF against CP-induced myocardial injury. The possible role of antioxidant activity is anticipated.


Raw data set (in CSV format) of a user survey about usage and needs regarding reference management software (like Endnote, Zotero, Citavi) in germany 2011. Participants were mainly college students, librarians, and other users of reference management software.


Experimental analysis has been carried out to investigate the effect of oil temperature variation on hydraulic system. Hydraulic system performance is largely affected by oil temperature, and there are considerable malfunctions in the system for high temperature conditions caused by heavy load and continuous operation. Oil pressure in the hydraulic system decreases with oil temperature, and its variation rate becomes less steep. Flow rate is also affected by oil temperature. The results in this study will be applicable for optimal design of hydraulic system.


Objectives: To compare the clinical efficiency of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori(HP) in urine, saliva and serum. Methods: By means of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in urine, saliva and serum from 102 patients were examined simultaneously, whose infectious status were evaluated by rapid urease test, selected HP culture and histopathologic examination. Results:Data from the 3 groups of anti-HP IgG in the urine, saliva and serum were compared with 62 HP positive patients and 31 HP negative patients, the differences were all very significant(P0.01). The sensitivity were 96.7%, 87.1% and 93.5% respectively; specificity were 93.5%, 83.9% and 90.3% respectively, accuracy were 95.2%, 93.5% and 94.6% respectively. Conclusions:Urine anti-HP IgG is a sensitive and specific marker in the diagnosis of HP infection, the convenience in collecting samples noninvasively is worth special recommending.


When human tear film's constituents are identified, it is diagnostically useful. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can quickly measure, the components at their low concentrations. Reproducible spectra were collected from evaporated gold thin film and silver mirror reaction glass substrates. Synthetic tears were measured on optimised substrates as proof of principle. Further analysis was used to discriminate between diseased and normal tears.


Nowadays, under the background of the global pandemic, people are required to wear face masks. Thus, it is harder to identify a person because features such as mouths and noses are being covered. Discovering a measure to recognize the identity rapidly is regarded as one of the top urgent priorities. Fortunately, thanks to the boost of various network architecture models, the problem is on the way of solving. Actually, the network architectures pose positive impacts not only on facial recognition, but also be beneficial to all aspects of daily life, like image semantic segmentation and object detection, which can be used to divide the goal and background information. The paper mainly analyzes the differences between network architectures LeNet, AlexNet and VGG, including advantages and drawbacks, and provides possible applications of models.


EFL Proficiency still becomes a necessity either for academic or career development. However, some research results indicated that the EFL proficiency of the EFL learners is still low. Many things have been done to increase the EFL learners' proficiency. Regarding this, the present study is intended to find the correlation between intelligence EFL proficiency and critical thinking skills (CTS) among pre-advanced EFL learners in the Faculty of Cultural Studies. Thirty five respondents are taken as the samples of the study. All of the respondents are further being given a test on critical thinking skills in reading and a test on EFL proficiency respectively. The scores of EFL proficiency are taken from the English students records. All of the results of scores are analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Coefficient Correlation. On the basis of this analysis, the research question is: Is there any correlation between EFL proficiency and CTS in reading. The result shows that the correlation coefficient is 0.718 meaning that there is a significant correlation between EFL proficiency and CTS in reading. The pedagogical implication is that the Critical Thinking Skills in Reading can be taught in the classroom to increase EFL proficiency. Keywords—EFL Proficiency; critical thinking skills (CTS).


RESULTS ARE GIVEN OF TESTS CARRIED OUT TO INVESTIGATE THE MECHANICAL STRENGTH, DEFORMATIONS AND CREEP OF VIBRATED CONCRETE SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS STRESSES AT AGES UP TO 600 DAYS. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF A METHOD OF DETERMINING THE REAL NON-LINEAR CREEP RESULTING FROM SMALL LOADS. THE METHOD OF CALCULATING CREEP, BASED ON THE AFFINITY OF CREEP CURVES AND A SIMPLE FUNCTION OF THE STRESS LEVEL WAS ALSO VERIFIED.


In this paper, a metastructure absorber based on the non-radiating anapole mode is firstly proposed and theoretically demonstrated. The combination of four split rings leads to a classical resonant anapole behavior upon the normally illuminating of the ${y}$ -polarized wave, which is originated from the destructive interference of the toroidal and electric dipoles. The results show that a point electric field hotspot with up to 20 times enhancement is strictly confined at the geometric center of the proposed structure in the near field and the absorption in the far-field reaches 50.18% at 1.25 THz. To further effectively enhance the absorption efficiency, an improved version is further presented by inserting two vertical asymmetric split rings on both sides of the first design, in which the strengthened magnetic dipole moments reconfigure the mode coupling of multipolar excitations and greatly enhance the absorption to 98.51% at 1.2 THz, while the confinement of the electric field amplifies to nearly 200 times. In addition, the sensing performance of this improved design for measuring the relative permittivity of the background surrounding from 1 to 1.5 has also been explored with the sensitivity, maximum FOM, minimum detection limit and minimum resolution of 341 GHz/RIU, 11.37, 0.00438 and 0.02481. Such an implementation of the absorption enhancement mechanism based on anapole mode enriches the theoretical framework and provides a new platform for multipole electrodynamics in the fields of ultra-sensitive sensing, label-free detection, optical switch, optical modulation, and so on.


Abstract Fictions evoke imagery, and their value consists partly in that achievement. This paper offers analysis of this neglected topic. Section 2 identifies relevant philosophical background. Section 3 offers a working definition of imagery. Section 4 identifies empirical work on visual imagery. Sections 5 and 6 criticize imagery essentialism, through the lens of genuine fictional narratives. This outcome, though, is not wholly critical. The expressed spirit of imagery essentialism is to encourage philosophers to 'put the image back into the imagination'. The weakened conclusion is that while an image is not essential to imagining, it should be returned to our theories of imagination.


Indonesia is rich in diversity. The socio-cultural diversity in Indonesia is relatively abundant. This can be a strength, but at the same time it can also create friction ad conflict in the society. Recently, the government issued a Joint Decree of 3 Ministers (SKB 3 Menteri) in response to the friction. This decree organize dress procedures in the learning process at schools. As a result of this implementation, various responses emerged from the Indonesian people, either agreement or disagreement. Part of the society that may be relevant to this policy are students. This article will study the perspectives of undergraduate students of Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), especially of the School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development's (SAPPK) on the Joint Decree. This article uses quantitative and qualitative methods by distributing questionnaires and interviews to SAPPK's students. From the results of this study,  the researchers are able to see the perspectives and the trends of SAPPK ITB Students towards the SKB 3 Ministerial Policy as a solution to social issues related to diversity. It is hoped that these results can be used as a reference for campus policy makers in overcoming the same problem.


The purpose of this study was to advance our understanding of corporate environmental performance by linking its antecedents and consequences. This study examined how collaboration with research organizations, as a proactive strategic decision, influences the environmental performance of firms, which in turn leads to innovation performance. Using the data collected from 597 Korean firms representing a cross-section of industries, we found that a firm's collaboration with research organizations positively affected the firm's environmental performance, which positively influenced its innovation performance. Furthermore, the results indicated a full mediation effect of environmental performance on the relationship between collaboration with research organizations and innovation performance. This study offers a more comprehensive understanding of corporate environmental performance and discusses implications for innovation performance. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.


There has been a rapid and widespread increase in the use of the micro-blogging and social networking platform Twitter (http://twitter.com) by professional athletes, sports clubs, leagues and fans. For instance, 'tweets' or messages of up to 140 characters offer high-profile athletes like Lance Armstrong (cycling), Serena Williams (tennis), Usain Bolt (track and field), Lote Tuqiri (rugby) and Shaquille O'Neal (basketball) the ability to communicate instantaneously with fans, friends and observers, bypassing the gate-keeping functions of journalists, publicists and sports officials. 'Tweeting' has added an unpredictable and occasionally controversial dimension to the types of public expression, promotion and representation associated with media sport. This paper argues that Twitter fits within a range of internet-based and mobile communications practices, including text messaging and instant messaging, that are evidence of an accelerated information order in which telepresence – 'keeping in touch' without literally being in touch – is a pervasive feature. The existence of this order highlights important changes in both the production and consumption of media content, and necessitates a shift away from broadcast-centric understandings of media sport towards those that properly acknowledge the increasing significance of networked digital communications.


The activity of the neurons of central nervous system is controlled by glutamatergic neurotransmission and glutamate plays the crucial role by acting as excitatory neurotransmitter. After synthesis in the neuronal cell bodies, glutamate is transported in the presynaptic vesicle of the presynaptic neurons by transporter protein family known as Vesicular Glutamate Transporters (VGLUTs). This protein family is also responsible for doing normal brain functions such as- learning and memory. Three and two isoforms of VGLUTs have identified in mammalian and avian brain, respectively. Recently, three types of VGLUTs identified in reptilian brain, but the difference between their distribution patterns is still unclear. Therefore, this mini-review summarizes the updated knowledge about the distribution patterns of different isoforms of VGLUTs in mammalian, reptilian, and avian brain with their concrete comparison.


We develop a framework for categorization in games, applicable both to multistage games of complete information and static games of incomplete information. Players use categories to form coarse beliefs about their opponents' behavior. Players best-respond given these beliefs, as in analogy-based expectations equilibria. Categories are related to previously used strategies via the requirements that categories contain a sufficient amount of observations and exhibit sufficient withincategory similarity, in line with the bias-variance trade-off. When applied to classic games including the chainstore game and adverse selection games our framework yields less unintuitive predictions than those arising with standard solution concepts.


The fiber optic fluorosensor that shows a specific selectivity for calcium ion is studied. This sensor employs protein Calmodulin(CaM) which forms a fluorescent chelate with . A dialysis membrane is used to entrap a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled CaM solution at the common end of a bifurcated fiber optic bundle. The sensing mechanism of this sensor is based on the shifts in the fluorescence spectrum of metal-calmodulin complexes which FCaM forms a chelate with . Upon binding with , CaM undergoes a conformational change which induces a change in the fluorescence of FCaM. This change in fluorescence signal which is measured by photomultiflier tube is related to the concentration of for calibration curve. Detection limit for and the interference effects by , and for this sensor are studied. Response time and life time for this fluorosensor are also investigated.


This article aims to designate the notion of 'Griot' – the oral transmitter of history in West African cultures to the eclectic filmmakers from the post-independence period of Francophone Senegal who utilized film as an instrument to reassemble their nation's lost image and carve an independent national identity that seeks liberation from the remnants of French imperial rule. Figuratively performing as Griots in the postcolonial film corpus, directors Ousmane Sembéne, Djibril Diop Mambéty and Mati Diop fabricated an original filmic language that represents the cultural milieu of Senegal after the French colonialism. In these directorial endeavours, the incorporation of narration elements plays a pivotal role in simultaneously manufacturing the agencies of Senegalese people and accelerating the continuum of decolonization in the country's visual domain. Including the historical framework of Senegal's cinema and illustrating the analogy between Griots and these filmmakers, this research will take a closer look at the corresponding postcolonial narratives of Ousmane Sembéne's La Noire de… (1966), Djibril Diop Mambéty's Touki Bouki (1973) and Mati Diop's Atlantics (2019) in an effort to unravel their tumultuous identity politics, critiques of (neo)colonialism and filmmakers' role as national raconteurs.


The inter-channel crosstalk in high spectral efficient coherent PDM-OFDM transmission is experimentally studied. We confirm that the inter-channel nonlinear penalty is 0.1dB in 8×66.8-Gbit/s transmission over 640 km with up to 5.6bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency.


This paper aims for the development of a smart virtual vertical three-axis machining center simulator. The developed simulator system consists of three modules: (1) virtual 3D machine tool, (2) virtual controller and operation panel, and (3) communication module. The virtual controller can interpret NC codes and drive the virtual 3D machine tool through the communication module. Electric edge finding function has been implemented in the virtual 3D machine to seek the rectangular workpiece edges in both X and Y directions. Tool length measurement has also been implemented for milling machining tool length measurement (height measurement in Z direction). Dynamic toolpath movement, solid cutting simulation, tool exchange, collision detection, and coolant effect have also been successfully developed to facilitate a smart virtual machine tool. Future development will focus on the incorporation of machining geometric errors reduction through cutting force estimation and assembly errors.


The invention relates to a method for estimating the capacitance of a cell comprising: - automatically learning (102, 212) a function GSVM that returns the capacitance Cn,k3 based on the capacitance Cn,k3-1 at a previous time k3-1, and at least one physical characteristic cc1,k3 correlated with the change over time in the capacity of the cell and measured at time k3, wherein said automatic learning comprises the execution (108) of a supervised learning algorithm on a learning database, wherein said learning database contains capacitance values and, for each capacitance value, the value of the physical characteristic measured at the same time and the previous capacitance value; and - once the function GSVM is learned, at an earlier time k3+1, calculating (190) the capacitance prediction Cn,k3+1 using the state model defined by the following relation: Cn,k3+1 = GSVM(Cn,k3, cc1,k3+1).


In this work we present a machine learning approach for face morphing in videos, between two or more identities. We devise an autoencoder architecture with distinct decoders for each identity, but with an underlying learnable linear basis for their weights. Each decoder has a learnable parameter that defines the interpolating weights (or ID weights) for the basis which can successfully decode its identity. During inference, the ID weights can be interpolated to produce a range of morphing identities. Our method produces temporally consistent results and allows blending different aspects of the identities by exposing the blending weights for each layer of the decoder network. We deploy our trained models to image compositors as 2D nodes with independent controls for the blending weights. Our approach has been successfully used in production, for the aging of David Beckham in the Malaria Must Die campaign.


As an owner-managed company, we have always believed that we are obliged to achieve perfection. Today, B+S Germany is a highly specialised and famous manufacturer of industrial cutting tools for all areas of application. We are specialised in the development and assembly of Made in Germany bandsaw blades, band knives and textile knives and, in doing so, we are uncompromising when it comes to quality.


This paper, after an initial review of the current situation of the tertiary education in Italy, both in terms of geographical differences and international comparisons, examines the territorial mobility of university students for educational purposes and, following the graduation, for working reasons. The analysis is carried out using the available data collected by the Ministry of University and Research on students enrolled in the Italian university system and by the AlmaLaurea Interuniversity Consortium surveys on the employment status of graduates. Through some simulations and the use of the SVIMEZ's NMODS econometric model applied to the data, it is possible to estimate the extent of the economic impact of student's migration along the route moving university students from the South to the Center-North of Italy. The analysis takes into account an entire decade, mapping the situation in our Country just before the emergence of the pandemic. Results from estimates highlight the significant loss of GDP affecting Southern Italy regions in this timespan and provide a detailed outlook useful for the economic policy assessments our Country is dealing with in this historical period.


We read the editorial by Pellicano et al. on the evaluation of one or two weeks of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection with standard triple therapy in the previous issue of Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology.[1] Despite the fact that various regimens, including sequential and quadruple therapy are recommended, these current therapeutic regimens lack efficacy in eradication due to antibiotic resistance, poor patient compliance, and associated adverse events. With respect to the current article, some constructive points are worth considering. First, the proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐containing triple regimen is surely one of the most widely prescribed therapies for firstline treatment of H. pylori infection.[2] Currently, PPI‐containing triple therapy for 7 days is most often used worldwide. It has been frequently shown that seven‐day H. pylori eradication therapy is preferable than a 14‐day therapy. Unfortunately, there is no general agreement on which duration can provide better efficacy with lesser side effects. We are well aware that seven days PPI‐containing triple therapy is better than a 14‐day therapy in view of the low cost, better compliance, and lesser side effects. In essence, newer antimicrobial regimens containing more efficacious agents are necessary to design better eradication rates against this bacterium.


Using well-defined supported cobalt nanocrystallites in a novel in situ sample presentation device for laboratory X-ray diffractometers, we investigated the extensively studied structure sensitivity of Fischer–Tropsch (FT) catalysts under simulated high conversion conditions, that is, at high water to synthesis gas ratios. This study has to be regarded as a further small step toward a full understanding of the various processes governing FT activity and selectivity. We were able to show, for two different crystallite sizes, that water has an overall enhancing effect on carbon monoxide conversion and surface specific turnover frequency on metallic surfaces and improves the overall product selectivity with a decrease of methane selectivity. For small crystallites oxidation was observed at elevated water partial pressures, which caused a decrease of activity. The selectivity to the undesired product methane is suppressed in favor of chain growth. This influence on the selectivity might originate from water-i...


The following list consists of dates for archaeological samples measured mostly between October 1989 and November 1990. Charcoal and grain samples were pretreated with 1M HC1 followed by washing in water and, in the majority of cases, with dilute alkali for the removal of humic acids. Wood samples were treated in the same way, or, if large enough, reduced to cellulose with chlorine dioxide produced in situ. Antler and bone samples were treated with cold dilute acid. We use the term "collagen" to mean the acid-insoluble organic fraction produced by this treatment rather than the true biochemical definition.


The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) aboard the Advanced Earth Orbiting Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) and AMSR-E aboard the AQUA have an ability to observe sea surface temperature (SST) through clouds. An accuracy of observed SST is 0.64 C estimated by comparing with oceanic buoy's SST. Spatial resolution of two AMSRs' SST is about 50 km, which is determined by AMSR's antenna diameter.


We propose a hybrid approach of multi-view convolutional neural networks with Multi-Layer Perceptron to generate an automatic medical CT report and evaluation of the severity stage of Tuberculosis patients, trained and evaluated on 335 chest 3D CT images and available metadata provided by ImageCLEF2019 organizers for the participants of tuberculosis computation track. Transfer learning and data augmentation techniques were applied to avoid over fitting and enhance performance of the model. Our multi-view CNN approach comprises the decomposition of the 3D CT image into 2D axial, coronal and sagittal slices and converting them to PNG format as preliminary to training. At the first stage, coronal and sagittal slices were used to train the CNN classifier using pre-trained AlexNet. In the second stage, MLPs were trained using features extracted during stage one alongside with the provided metadata. Our results ranked 6 and 4 ,with an AUC of 0.763 in predicting whether the severity stage is High or Low, and mean AUC of 0.707 in detecting whether left and right lungs are affected or not , detecting the absence or presence of calcifications, caverns, pleurisy and lung capacity decrease, respectively.


In this paper, we discuss changes in the ocean climate around La Perouse Bank off southwestern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and its influence on the functioning of the pelagic ecosystem. We ...


Citation errors can arise most often from two sources: (1) as published incorrectly in the full-text article or (2) as introduced by either the XML supplier (which is the case in the two identified errors in the letter) or by NLM during its processing.


In the case of multi-sensors measurement of many times on some characteristic index with unknown prior knowledge,a simple fusion method based on the fuzzy degree of nearness is proposed.This method views all the sensors 'observation values as a fuzzy set and defines the nearness degree matrix by the maximum and minimum principle.This method views the previous fusion value as an observation values and uses it in the current time fusion arithmetic.Then the nearness degree matrix ' s dimension is augmented to measure the mutual integrated nearness degree of sensors at different times.The final fusion expression is obtained based on the defined consistent reliability measurement.Applied example and simulations prove that the proposed method is simple and effective.The compared analyses show that this method not only has higher fusion precision,but also has excellent ability of stableness.


A technique is described for the closure of chestwall defects following radical excision for radionecrosis. Such defects are usually extensive with an avascular bed and often involve an opening into the pleural cavity; surgical closure poses significant; problems. The method described here utilizes a transposed omental flap to provide a vascular bed for a skin‐graft, whilst cephalad shifting of the origin of the diaphragm is used to close the pleural defect. This latter innovation has the dual advantages of simplicity and effectiveness, whilst greatly facilitating the passage of the omentum to the chest wall with minimal risk of omental strangulation.


A consistent comparison between nonrelativistic and relativistic descriptions of the (e,e'p) reaction is presented. We use the nonrelativistic DWEEPY code and develop a fully relativistic model starting from the effective Pauli reduction for the scattering state and the relativistic mean field theory for the bound state. Results for the 16O(e,e'p) differential cross section and structure functions are compared in various kinematical conditions. A limit in energy of the validity of the nonrelativistic approach is established. The effects of spinor distortion and of the effective momentum approximation for the scattering state are discussed. A satisfactory agreement with data of differential cross sections, structure functions, and polarization observables is achieved.


French theorists grew infatuated with Augustine's De musica at the beginning of the 17th c. Their enthusiasm reached its highest pitch in the last third of the century, when groups as different as the Oratorians and Jansenists were infected and the Maurists brought out a new edition (1679). Mersenne revised the classification of music in adhering to an ontology dependent on Augustine and thus firmly rooted in Christian tradition. Rene Ouvrard adopted Augustine's ideas in his discussion of the harmonic proportions of architecture (L'architecture harmonique, (1674) and provoked the reaction of Claude Perrault. Rereading Augustine, French theorists elaborated the first philosophically oriented music aesthetics.


Human blood myeloid DCs can be subdivided into CD1c (BDCA‐1)+ and CD141 (BDCA‐3)+ subsets that display unique gene expression profiles, suggesting specialized functions. CD1c+ DCs express TLR4 while CD141+ DCs do not, thus predicting that these two subsets have differential capacities to respond to Escherichia coli. We isolated highly purified CD1c+ and CD141+ DCs and compared them to in vitro generated monocyte‐derived DCs (MoDCs) following stimulation with whole E. coli. As expected, MoDCs produced high levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL‐6, and IL‐12, were potent inducers of Th1 responses, and processed E. coli‐derived Ag. In contrast, CD1c+ DCs produced only low levels of TNF, IL‐6, and IL‐12 and instead produced high levels of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 and regulatory molecules IDO and soluble CD25. Moreover, E. coli‐activated CD1c+ DCs suppressed T‐cell proliferation in an IL‐10‐dependent manner. Contrary to their mouse CD8+ DC counterparts, human CD141+ DCs did not phagocytose or process E. coli‐derived Ag and failed to secrete cytokines in response to E. coli. These data demonstrate substantial differences in the nature of the response of human blood DC subsets to E. coli.


Centrifugal distillation residue before centrifuging, at least one separation aid, and it was added to the distillation residue containing the oil to form a treated distillation residue, the processed distillation residue in at least one centrifuge separated, and a separating at least a portion of the oil from the treated distillation residues, the method and system for recovery of bio-oil from biomass is provided. Separating aid may contain at least one lecithin, at least one oil, optionally, a surface active agent having an HLB value of at least one of at least 6. Treated distillation residue product can contain and recovered as indicated separation aid oil are also provided. .FIELD 1


Antineoplastic agents are widely used in cancer chemotherapy, despite causing organ toxicity. This study was conducted to investigate the ameliorative properties of nicorandil alone and co-administered with prednisolone and diltiazem on doxorubicin-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicities in rats. Seventy female Wistar rats were treated for 16 days as follows: GI: normal saline (10 ml/kg; normal control); GII: normal saline (doxorubicin control); GIII: gallic acid (200 mg/kg); GIV-VI: nicorandil (0.22, 0.43 and 0.86 mg/kg respectively); GVII: diltiazem (3.43 mg/kg); GVIII: diltiazem + nicorandil (0.43 mg/kg); IX: prednisolone (0.57 mg/kg); and GX: prednisolone + nicorandil (0.43 mg/kg). Doxorubicin (40 mg/kg) was administered on day 14 i.p. to animals in GII-X. Nicorandil significantly (p<0.05) decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), renal creatinine, renal and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased hepatic and renal catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), compared to those administered doxorubicin alone. Co-administration of nicorandil with prednisolone and diltiazem significantly increased catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase, and decreased malondialdehyde, compared with the doxorubicin-only group. In conclusion, nicorandil decreased renal and hepatic markers of injury and increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Co-administration with the calcium channel blocker/phospholipase A2 inhibitor did not elicit superior protective effect.


Since the beginning of space activities, the number of spacecraft completing their missions keep rising, thus increasing the amount of inoperative spacecraft and space debris which could collide with operative spacecraft or re-enter to Earth in an uncontrolled manner. No guidelines currently exist for spacecraft orbiting about Lagrangian points; as orbits about them are increasingly being selected for future missions, it is important to safely dispose spacecraft at the end of their life. This goal is sometimes achieved performing a non-optimal single disposal manoeuvre directed along the Sun-Earth line direction to reduce the operational cost during the disposal phase. This paper will instead optimise such a manoeuvre dividing it in, at least, two consecutive burns, even in the case in which the total available Δv is low. In this work we will analyse the optimal disposal manoeuvre design using the elliptical restricted three-body problem and the energetic approach firstly introduced for the circular restricted three-body problem by Olikara et al. The disposal design is performed for the Gaia and Lisa Pathfinder missions for different initial conditions over one year. Finally, an interpretation of the results of a long-term simulation of the disposal orbit in the n-body problem is given, by analysing the probability of return to Earth against the date when the disposal manoeuvre is given.


This paper focuses on Harriet Prescott Spofford's short story "The Ray of Displacement" which appeared in The Metropolitan Magazine in October 1903. The story deals with a crystal structure and the adventures of an unnamed scientist falsely accused of stealing it. The scientist's invention of a Y-ray, capable of separating atoms and molecules so that solid bodies can penetrate one another, leads him to the discovery of disembodiment and invisibility. The story indirectly refers to St. Paul's Letter to the Corinthians where Revelation is shown as a riddle or enigma reflected on a looking glass. Spofford offers a hybrid narrative which fuses philanthropy, ethical concerns, and the power of sympathy, typically attributed to the female gender, with scientific forms of perceiving transcendence dominated by male consciousness. Inverting the angelic rhetoric present in the conception of the "Angel in the house," Spofford displays a complex story that engenders the supernatural.


Regression Examination is one of the most popular statistical analysis method used to determine the correlation between examined variables. It can also be used to predict the value of a dependent variable based on the value of at least one independent variable and this will allow explaining the impact of changes in an independent variable on the dependent variable. With the measured data of flow rate, output power and efficiency of turbine system, the nozzle velocity can be calculated using an appropriate mathematical equation. Along with vibration level data at every measurement axes, they are tabulated and imported into MATLAB program for the correlation determination. Three different set of data are used in this analysis which is based on the variation of water level at different month (low, typical and high) due to rainfall distribution within one year period. The objective of this study was to examine two questions: first is the effect of water level to the measured flow rate and generated output as well the calculated nozzle velocity. Second, with these variation of nozzle velocity, how significance their correlation with the vibration level at multiple axes of the turbine and generator? From the results, it has been discovered that there are significant correlation between nozzle velocity and vibration level, particularly during low level of water (lower rainfall distribution)


The concentration change in an initially homogeneous paramagnetic solution is studied interferometrically upon applying sufficiently strong inhomogeneous magnetic fields. For this purpose, five different magnetic field configurations are analyzed. Clear evidence is provided that an enrichment of paramagnetic ions occurs in the field gradient. In particular, we show that the shape of this enrichment layer maps the spatial distribution of the magnetic field gradient force.


Summary A case of schizophrenia in a 47,XYY male diagnosed according to strict phenomenologicai criteria is presented. The authors suggest that the 47,XYY chromosome anomaly should be added to the list of possible causes of symptomatic schizophrenia, and express the hope that future investigations of the effects of an extra Y chromosome on brain function will yield clues as to the aetiology of idiopathic schizophrenia.


This paper studies the stability and change rule of vitamin C in actinidia chinensis in different PH,temperature,Storage time and the influence of disrupting the ions.It show that itamin C in Actinidia chinensis is relatively stable in PH from 3.0 to 4.0,in temperature from 20 to 50 ℃,storage time increasing just results small quantity decreasing in vitamin C of Actinidia chinensis.


Background: The goal of this research was to see how effective various irrigation methods were at eliminating smear layer and debris. Study design: Sixty extracted single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. The root canals were shaped with a WaveOne large (040.08) rotary file after decoronating all the teeth to a uniform 16 mm root length. Root canals were rinsed with 6 ml of 2.5 percent sodium hypochlorite solution during instrumentation. After instrumentation, teeth were arbitrarily classified into four categories, each containing 15 specimens according to the technique of activation of final irrigant. Smear Clear solution (6 ml) was employed in all the categories as irrigating solution. In Group1- Rotary canal brush, Group 2 – EndoActivator, Group 3 – Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Group 4 – Continuous ultrasonic irrigation was employed. After sectioning the roots longitudinally, the apical, middle and coronal thirds of the canals were inspected with the help of scanning electron microscopy. Results: Group 4 was most effective in eliminating debris and smear layer at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. But Group 4 was not significantly different to Group 3 at the middle third in eliminating debris and at middle third and apical third in elimination of smear layer. Conclusion: Continuous ultrasonic irrigation eliminated debris and smear layer most effectively, followed by PUI, EndoActivator, and Rotary canal brush. Keywords: Smear layer, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation, Continuous ultrasonic irrigation, EndoActivator, Rotary canal brush


Objective: The study was conducted to elicit the pathogenetic response of Rhus toxicodendron in 30C potency on healthy human volunteers. Methodology: The proving of drug Rhus toxicodendron was conducted in the Department of Homoeopathic Pharmacy, Vinayaka Mission's Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Salem, through randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The drug was proved in 30th centesimal potency on 36 apparently healthy volunteers who were selected after conducting pre- trial medical examinations by the medical specialists and routine laboratory investigations. 18 of them were kept on interventional drug trial and remaining, under placebo. As per the proving protocol, 56 dose schedule [i.e., 56 doses of drug/placebo were consumed by a prover in each batch] was followed. The symptoms generated during the trial period were noted by the volunteers and elaborated by the proving masters which were compiled at Homoeopathic drug proving cum data processing unit of the department.


Celebrated nationwide as a symbol of change in continuity, the birth of the future king gave confidence to Bhutan, which continued its path toward democracy and sustainable development without undermining its identity despite several challenges lying ahead.


We report a case of orbital cellulitis arising from odontogenic sinusitis in a 31-year-old woman with unilateral exophthalmus, diplopia, pain, and swelling extending to the orbit from the buccal region. The patient was admitted to our hospital. She was unable to open the left eye and had diplopia. Hypoesthesia was present in the left buccal region. In this patient, orbital cellulitis was arose from ethmoidal sinusitis via odontogenic sinusitis. We operated to open the sinus and drain the orbit. Surgical treatment was necessary in this patient because orbital cellulitis can produce serious complications, such as optic neuritis, optic atrophy leading to loss of vision, cavernous sinus thombosis, orbital apex syndrome, meningitis, brain abscess, and death.


Objective- Discuss a case of acquired seizure disorder in a patient with history of autoimmune disease.
Background- Advances in neuroimmunology have helped characterize and understand several autoimmune diseases affecting the nervous system. Seizures are a presenting feature in many such syndromes.
Method - Case report
Results- 66 years old man with Addison's disease, on hydrocortisone 40 mg daily, presented with nine-month history of paroxysmal dystonic movements of left arm and face. Spells occurred more than twenty times a day and had minimal response to monotherapy with levetiracetam and valproic acid. Interictal neurologic examination was unremarkable. Stereotypical spells of dystonic posturing of left face and arm with preservation of awareness, lasting few seconds were recorded on long term video electroencephalography (EEG). No interictal abnormalities or ictal epileptic discharges were seen. MRI brain showed hippocampal volume loss bilaterally on volumetric analysis. Voltage gated potassium channel antibodies (VGKC Abs) were tested as the semiology was consistent with facio-brachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) that are associated with Leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) subtype of VGKC Abs. VGKC Abs were positive (236 pmol), so prednison was started at 60 mg daily dose which resulted in abatement of spells within few weeks along with disappearance of the antibodies.
Conclusions- FBDS are a common presenting feature of LGI1 associated limbic encephalitis which progresses to cognitive impairment in median of 36 days. Association with other autoimmune diseases is not known and to our knowledge this is the first reported case in a patient with another autoimmune disorder. Being on low dose of steroids was possibly responsible for lower antibody titers than typically reported and lack of cognitive changes after several months without adequate immunomodulatory treatment. Volumetric MRI was helpful in identifying early hippocampal volume loss that was not appreciable otherwise. Disclosure: Dr. Agrawal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tufenkjian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singh has received personal compensation for activities with Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. as a speakers bureau member.


Abstract Heavily In doped zinc oxide (IZO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by dip-coating method with different concentrations of indium. The effect of heavy In doping on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of ZnO was discussed on the basis of XRD, AFM, UV-Vis spectra and Hall effect measurements. The diffraction patterns of all deposited films were indexed to the ZnO wurtzite structure. However, high In doping damaged the films crystallinity. The highest optical transmittance observed in the visible region (>93 %) exceeded that of ITO: the absolute rival of the most commercial TCOs. The grain size significantly decreased from 140 nm for undoped ZnO to 17.1 nm for IZO with the greatest In ratio. The roughness decreased with increasing In atomic ratio, indicating an improvement in the surface quality. Among all synthesized films, the sample obtained with 11 at.% indium showed the best TCO properties: the highest transmittance (93.5 %) and the lowest resistivity (0.41 Ωcm) with a carrier concentration of 2.4 × 1017 cm−3. These results could be a promising solution for possible photonic and optoelectronic applications.


In the field of civil engineering, there are some traditional methods of property evaluation that deal with these techniques. However, there is controversy about what would bring the best performance, a greater degree of ease and clarity without presenting multicollinearity. This controversy is due to the difficulty of finding appropriate predictive variables in real estate valuation since they often do not fit the binary model, involving human subjectivity. From this, the research aims to propose improvements in the property evaluation process with the use of artificial intelligence without presenting the effects of multicollinearity and autocorrelation, to predict the value of the real estate market. The object of study is a standard 2-bedroom residential apartment with 48m-2 located in the central area of Jelgava, Latvia, in October 2019. Therefore, the methodology uses statistical inference as an initial analysis parameter and the fuzzy logic incorporates the best association rules which are originated from artificial intelligence extracted from the apriori algorithm. Finally, the results obtained by regression and fuzzy were compared with the value in euros m-2, according to the official publication of the government of Latvia, referring to the market value of a 2-bedroom residential apartment in the city of Jelgava, Latvia, in October 2019, this government publication is the reference for this study. The statistical hypotheses that allowed its validation were accepted. In the Fuzzy model, the results indicated an excellent equivalence to market prices in relation to the traditional valuation process.


This study examined the practices of school-based intervention teams. Six hundred and eighty professionals, representing 121 intervention teams from Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin, participated in the study. Team members and problem identifiers (who brought at least one case to the team) completed a survey investigating (a) the nature of referrals addressed by the team, (b) perceptions of team effectiveness, (c) identification of professionals who best facilitate team problem-solving via their knowledge and communication skills, and (d) use of quality indices in intervention development and implementation. Findings revealed several positive practices by teams from all states. However, teams from Illinois displayed consistent superiority across several measures. Discussion focuses on implications for practice and educational and legal reform.


Several attempts have been made to establish various leguminous plants as forage and cover crops on pasture land in Hawaii. Korean Lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim) and the common Lespedeza (L. striata Thunb. H and A) were among those tried. These two species are widely grown throughout the central and southern parts of the United States, where they attain good vegetative growth and are from one to two feet in height. In contrast, when they are grown in Hawaii, these plants attain a height of only a few inches before maturing. Their inability to develop a good vegetative growth in Hawaii suggested that their failure was concerned with the relationship of the plants to the relative length of day. Based on this supposition, a series of experiments was conducted to determine the critical day length for flowering in Lespedeza. Smith (2) reported that Lespedeza can be grown under 14 hours of photoperiod without fruiting. However, the effect of increasing the duration of the light period up to the critical photoperiod for the initiation of flowering has not been investigated. Four light-tight chambers were constructed. The plants were grown in wooden soil boxes 3 ? 4 ? 1.5 ft. in size which were placed on galvanized pipe frames fitted with rollers. The boxes were rolled out of the light-tight chambers each morning at 7:30 a.m., and the plants were exposed to normal conditions of sunlight intensity until 4:30 p.m. The length of the various photoperiods was adjusted by exposing the plants in the chambers to additional light from fluorescent lamps regulated by time switches. In each experiment, the treatments were started as soon as the seeds began to germinate. A field test was conducted during the longer days of the year to corroborate the results obtained in the chambers.


Super killer (SKI) complex is a well-known cyplasmic 3' to 5' mRNA decay complex that functions with the exosome to degrade excessive and aberrant mRNAs. Recently, SKIV2L, the 3' to 5' RNA helicase of the human SKI (hSKI) complex was implicated in the degradation of nuclear non-coding RNAs escaping to the cytoplasm. Here, we show that hSKI is also present in the nucleus, on chromatin and in particular at telomeres during the G2 cell cycle phase. hSKI preferentially binds single stranded telomeric DNA and DNA-RNA hybrids, and SKIV2L interacts with telomeric Shelterin factors TRF1, TIN2, TPP1 and POT1. Loss of SKIV2L leads to telomere loss, DNA damage activation and fragility, which we attribute to replication stress caused by the accumulation of telomeric DNA-RNA hybrids. Our results reveal a nuclear function of the hSKI complex and implicate SKIV2L in averting DNA-RNA hybrid-dependent replication stress at human telomeres.


Fast magnetic reconnection powers explosive events throughout the universe, from gamma-ray bursts to solar flares. Despite its importance, the onset of astrophysical fast reconnection is the subject of intense debate and remains an open question in plasma physics. Here we report high-cadence observations of two reconnection-driven solar microflares obtained by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph that show persistent turbulent flows preceding flaring. The speeds of these flows are comparable to the local sound speed initially, suggesting the onset of fast reconnection in a highly turbulent plasma environment. Our results are in close quantitative agreement with the theory of turbulence-driven reconnection as well as with numerical simulations in which fast magnetic reconnection is induced by turbulence.