Background: Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases (GTD) encompass a wide spectrum of proliferative disorders of trophoblast tissue, which hold a good prognosis if diagnosed and treated on time. A close understanding of the disease spectrum is therefore needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.Methods: This is an observational study (both prospective and retrospective analysis) conducted in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Ranchi, Jharkhand over a period of 2 years from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018.Results: A total of 162 cases of GTD were identified during the study period. Disease spectrum comprised of complete molar pregnancy in 146 (90.12%) and partial molar pregnancy in 7 (4.3%), GTN in 9 out of 162 cases (5.5%). Bleeding per vaginum preceded by amenorrhea was the most common symptom, observed in 95.4% of the cases. Uterine size was more than period of amenorrhea in almost 50% of the cases. Theca lutein cysts were found in 39.8% of the cases, hypertension in 21.5%, hyperthyroidism in 6.5% cases. Overall, there were nine (5.56%) cases of choriocarcinoma and six (3.7%) cases of Invasive mole. Remission rate in GTN was 86.7% with chemotherapy.Conclusions: Women complaining of vaginal bleeding in first half of pregnancy with uterine size more than period of amenorrhea must be evaluated for GTD by ultrasound and serum beta HCG. For cases of molar pregnancies, suction and evacuation remains the treatment of choice but need for regular follow-up and strict compliance to contraception during entire follow up has to be emphasized. Cases of GTN have excellent remission with chemotherapy.


21st century has become an era can design human's image. By designing the each human's images it is possible to express the hidden abilities of their mind. Modern society changes rapidly where the elements such as consideration, sympathy, understandings, and female leadership of communication emerge as a spur rather than speediness or complexity.In a lot of global conglomerates, it is very common for women to be selected as CEO, and even more, the rate of woman who are the member of Congress is almost 40%. The fashion of female leader has come to the fore with an improvement of female leadership, and the fashion colour which is suitable to P.O has been developed as a significant image strategy. I am going to conduct the research and analyse the fashion of a female political leader through the colour image which is equivalent to a visual image and sensitive language. I will analyze the human image which female leaders present through fashion colors.


The standard enthalpies of combustion of the pure hydrocarbons C1 to C6 at 298.15 K and 101 325 Pa selected from the literature, with reference to a more detailed document, are used to derive heating values for the ideal gas and the real gas on molar, mass, and volumetric bases at five reference conditions involving other temperatures and pressures. Values can be obtained at both dry and water saturated conditions. The second virial coefficients and their first derivatives are used to calculate the effects of non-ideality. Procedures are given and illustrated for calculating the heating values of mixtures from the composition and the data given for the pure compounds. The relationships between the quantities presented in the tables are illustrated by charts. A procedure is given for estimating the uncertainties of the calculated results.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a widely used digital modulation technique in wireless communication systems. However, its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) may cause nonlinear distortion during transmission. Selective mapping (SLM) is a popular technique to reduce PAPR by generating multiple candidate signals for phase perturbation and selecting the one with the smallest PAPR. However, the traditional SLM technology uses a random phase generation mechanism, lacks systematic design, and has high circuit complexity. Furthermore, generating multiple candidate signals requires inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), resulting in increased computational complexity. To address these issues, this paper proposes a system design of a phase generation mechanism using randomly sorted Walsh-Hadamard matrices, and introduces a phase picking mechanism to reduce computational complexity. The simulation results show that the recommended method achieves a similar improved PAPR performance as traditional SLM technology when the selection mechanism is not used. However, when the recommended method incorporates the selection mechanism, it achieves a sub-optimal improved PAPR performance. It is worth noting that this paper considers the number of Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) operations, and with the addition of the selection mechanism, the number of operations is significantly reduced by about 35%. This reduction in operations greatly reduces the overall computational complexity. These findings highlight the systematic and efficient nature of the proposed phase generation method in SLM-based OFDM systems, effectively reducing computational complexity while significantly reducing PAPR.


In the present work, the concept of composite impeller through automatic filament winding manufacturing approach was realized. The advantage of using filament winding method to manufacture high performance and light-weight composite impellers is that the production can be rapid, inexpensive and utilize commercially available winding machines. This work focuses both on how to achieve the automation of the production process, as well as evaluate the composite impeller's mechanical properties. For the automatic production process, a new filament winding facility for manufacturing fiber-reinforced composite impellers was developed. A kevlar/epoxy matrix was selected to manufacture the high strength-to-weight ratio composite material. In order to maintain the epoxy's freshness, a two component syringe dispensing device was designed to control the dispensation of resin. The composite material's properties were measured in order to ensure the impeller was able to withstand the large stresses incurred during the high speed rotation required to achieve large volume flows and a high compression ratio. With these properties, a 3D structural analysis using ANSYS was performed, which resulted in a maximum tip speed of 830m/s before the composite impeller's failure. In terms of momentum change, this is a high tip speed needed to compress water vapor.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Both the United Nations and the World Bank consider participatory slum improvement to be the current best practice for dealing with slum challenges.
10% of the population in Buenos Aires live in slum areas. Many of the residents work informally and are therefore unable to get the documents needed to get a house contract outside the Slums. Lago Soldati is a Lake next to Los Piletones, a slum in the southern outskirts of Buenos Aires. The city has an ongoing project for restoration of the lake and environmental and spatial improvements in the area. The city describes the project as a good example for other slum upgrading projects.
The thesis deals with participatory aspects of the project together with theories regarding civil participation in slum development. Researchers describe desirable levels of participation of slum dwellers in the different stages of a project together with facts about which groups that should be involved. The chosen project is analysed according to levels of participation, the groups that participated and also how the participation plan was done and the result of the used participatory approach.
The project has been influenced by the political landscape in the country, which has contributed in making the project possible, but the political landscape has also influenced the participatory work in the project and caused conflicts with different groups. The project shows the World Banks power in influencing the participatory projects. They are an important financer with demands regarding the degree of civil participation.


In one embodiment, configurable power switch cell method includes designing a plurality of power switch cells that are assembled to form a set of power switches such as power switch segment. Power switch cell, in one embodiment, in its entirety, is designed so as to occupy the integrated circuit area of the same amount. Therefore, even late in the design process, without interfering with placement of the surrounding circuitry, it is possible to replace one cell easily and another cell. Further, in one embodiment, the power switch cell comprises an interconnect layer for connecting the cells, interconnections between the cells are automatically connected by abutting the power switch cells. Thus, it is achieved by placing the cell to replace the one power switch cell and another. Routine work is not required. .FIELD 1


Light- and heat-induced decompositions and reactions with nucleophiles of 6,6,8,8-tetramethyl-2-selena-3,4-diaza-7-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octa- 1(5),3-diene have been studied. In contrast with the conversion to the cyclopentyne derivative (9), selenium containing intermediates (6a, 6b, and 7) were efficiently trapped using several reagents to give various kinds of organoselenium compounds. Of particular note is the isolation of a stable selenirane derivative (16) obtained by the cycloaddition of the photochemically generated selenirene intermediate (7) with furan. The character and reactivity of the intermediates are also discussed.


fectly, to their own experiences and to shifting social, political, and economic conditions. Taken together, both books reveal the significant transformations that have occurred in America's schools over the last 50 years. But they also show the limitations that policymakers face when trying to change them. Baugh's book exposes the institutional and political headwinds confronting those who want to leverage judicial decisions into meaningful educational change. And Orfield's concluding proposals, such as encouraging cooperation among Civil Rights organizations and school districts or merging metropolitan and suburban districts, seem either unhelpfully vague or politically problematic given the edited volume's bleak diagnosis. Fortunately, there are good reasons to think that things are not quite so dire.


Among legumes, pea ( Pisum sativum L.) is the second most important legume, which is widely used both in human nutrition and as fodder. Currently, pre-sowing inoculation of pea seeds is a promising treatment and is one of agronomic solutions for sustainable agriculture. As per the objective of the research, to determine the effects of Rhizobium inoculation and different levels of nitrogen on the yield potential and growth attributes of pea, the research was conducted in Split Plot Design with 3 replications, at Research farm of RRS, Agwanpur, Saharsa. Nitrogen application had significant effect on the plant height, number of branches, root and shoot dry weight, number of nodules, seed yield, biomass yield, harvest index, number of pods, as well as crude protein rate of seeds in both years. Plant height, number of pods, harvest index, number of nodules, crude protein rate and root dry weight were higher with application of 20 kg N ha ?1 while seed yield, shoot dry weight and number of branches were higher with application of 60 kg N ha ?1 , in the 2 seasons. The lowest values related to these parameters were obtained from the control treatment. Inoculation treatment had also significant effect on the all parameters investigated in both the years. The highest values regarding these parameters were obtained from inoculated plants, whereas the lowest values were obtained from the un-inoculated plants. Interactions of nitrogen and inoculation had significant effects on the all parameters investigated, except for number of nodules in 2009-2010 and crude protein rate of seeds in both years. The highest seed yield was obtained under treatment 20 kg N ha ?1 + inoculation with 1654.3 and 1625.0 kg ha ?1 in 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively.


The complex dielectric constants parallel and normal to the optical axis in ice Ih single crystal were measured in a wide range of the temperature (0°∼-150°C). T h e s t a t i c d i e l e c t r i c c o n s t a n t o f t h e D e b y e c o m p o n e n t a t e a c h t e m p e r a t u r e w a s o b t a i n e d b y e x t r a p o l a t i n g o n t h e C o l e - C o l e p l o t t o z e r o f r e q u e n c y . D i e l e c t r i c a n i s o t r o p y a g r e e d w e l l t h a t o f H u m b e l et al . a t h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s , a n d i t i n c r e a s e d w i t h d e c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e . T h e s t a t i c d i e l e c t r i c c o n s t a n t e ^//_s f o l l o w e d a C u r i e - W e i s s l a w w h e r e T_0 w a s 46 K a n d i t s C u r i e - W e i s s c o n s t a n t C_// w a s 2.25×10^4 K , w h i l e e ^⊥_s o b e y e d a C u r i e l a w w h e r e C u r i e c o n s t a n t C_⊥ w a s 2.37×10^4 K . T h e s e r e s u l t s s t r o n g l y s u g g e s t t h e a n i s o t r o p y i n d i p...


The pivotal role of readers/audience in helping shape students' writing has led to attempts to engage them in their composition. This reader awareness is further enhanced with the integration of Web 2.0 technology, say blogs, into writing pedagogy. This study aims to investigate the engagement strategies EFL writers employ in their blogs, and the readers' responses toward the strategies. In this content analysis study, twenty-seven learning English blog entries retrieved from three student bloggers were analyzed using Hyland's (2005) and Myers' (2010) engagement strategies. The findings reveal the student bloggers' use of almost all the eleven engagement strategies proposed in the model albeit the extent of which varied depending on the type of the blog post, their personal background, and writing purposes. The use of such strategies as "Pronoun" and "Image" drew numerous comments from readers on the blogs, implying a strong sense of readership. It is thus recommended for EFL writing teachers to introduce varieties of engagement strategies within digitally-mediated writing environments to their students to enhance reader/writer interactions.


Bone marrow (BM) stromal cells produce factors important for the growth and maintenance of normal hematopoietic, as well as leukemic cells. Interactions between hematopoietic and stromal cells as mediated by classic ligand-receptor, cytokine and metabolic elements help to create a supportive microenvironmental niche. Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is a cytokine produced by BM stromal cells. CSF1 exists as both secreted and membrane-bound isoforms, with the latter being predominant in the BM. CSF1 acts on the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R), which is expressed on phagocytic cells to induce their growth and differentiation into monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises from mutations that lead to a block in differentiation of myeloid cell precursors (myeloblast or blast cells), the accumulation of which interferes with normal hematopoiesis. In this study, we examined the role of the CSF1-CSF1R interaction in AML as related to patient outcome and its influence on AML-stromal cell interactions. Analysis of cell surface protein levels of CSF1R by flow cytometry revealed that a subset of AML patient samples express high levels of CSF1R (CSF1R high ). Clinically, we found that CSF1R high patients have shorter overall survival compared to patients with low CSF1R expression. To examine the CSF1-CSF1R interaction experimentally, CSF1R high AML cells (patient samples and cell lines) were grown in in-vitro co-cultures with murine MS5 stromal cells engineered to overexpress the membrane-bound form of human CSF1 (MS5-hCSF1). We found that MS5-hCSF1 stromal cells display an increased growth rate, altered cytokine profile and signaling changes (namely mTOR pathway activation) compared to cells that do not express CSF1. In co-culture assays, we found that MS5-hCSF1 stromal cells enhanced the long-term growth (2 weeks) and survival of CSF1R high AML cells by several fold. This growth advantage was not observed for CSF1R low AML cells. Pre-culture of AML cells with MS5-hCSF1 stromal cells for 72 hours led to increased colony numbers in colony forming unit (CFU) assays compared to pre-culture on non-CSF1-expressing stroma. This suggests that exposure to CSF1 may enhance the clonogenic potential of AML cells. Co-culture of AML cells with MS5-hCSF1 stromal cells led to increased surface expression of the stem cell markers CD34 and CD117 (c-kit), suggestive of an immature, progenitor-like AML phenotype driven by CSF1. Furthermore, co-culture of AML and MS5-hCSF1 stromal cells led to distinct changes in the cytokine profiles of both AML and stromal cells, with increased levels of IL-8, IL-10 and IL-1 RA and RANTES in AML cells, and increased levels of IL-3, IL-6 and VEGF in stromal cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the CSF1-CSF1R interaction may be important in promoting a pro-leukemic phenotype. In particular, stromal support of AML is enhanced in a CSF1-dependent manner, with effects on AML growth, differentiation and production of signaling molecules. These effects in turn, have implications for modulating stromal cells themselves. Studying and understanding the complex interplays between AML and stromal cells as driven by the CSF1-CSF1R interaction may aid in the development of therapeutic approaches to target AML and its niche environment. Disclosures Jain: Roche Canada: Research Funding.


:  IT revolution has revamped the present civilization totally. This storm has overturned the style of life all over the world totally and drastically.  This paper quickly glances through the observations about how technological advance can be correlated to language or more precisely the system of writing. The contention is that the system of writing which originated from symbols, expanded into fully-fledged language with rules regarding spelling, grammar and vocabulary is now in a stage of going back.


This study investigated sample associations between mentors' emotional empathic tendency, proteges' perception of the mentoring relationship, and proteges' teacher self‐efficacy belief. Questionnaires were administered to 26 mentor‐protege pairs who had been together for three semesters in a preservice teacher program. Scores were paired, Pearson Product Moment correlations were calculated, and responses on the open‐ended questionnaire were analyzed to provide descriptive data on factors that influenced proteges' self‐efficacy belief. Findings indicated some sample evidence that linear relationships existed between mentors' level of emotional empathy, the proteges' perception of the mentor‐protege relationship, and the proteges' teacher self‐efficacy belief. The mentors had a relatively high level of emotional empathic tendency, the proteges rated their mentor‐protege relationships highly, and the proteges had a high level of teacher self‐efficacy belief. Both felt that long‐term placement had provided th...


The use of a selective laser melting (SLM) powder-bed method to manufacture Ni-based superalloys components provides an economic approach for low production run components that operate under a high-temperature and stress environment. A major concern with the SLM of precipitation hardenable Ni-based superalloys is their high susceptibility to cracking, which has been heavily documented in the field of welding. Weld cracking may occur either during processing (hot cracking, liquation cracking and ductility-dip cracking) or during the post weld heat-treatment stage (strain-age cracking). Due to the complex thermal history of SLM fabricated material there is the potential for all of these mechanisms to be active. In this investigation, cuboidal coupons of the Ni-based superalloy CM247LC were fabricated by the SLM of argon gas atomised powder. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of the process parameters (laser scan speed, power and scan spacing) on the cracking density and morphology through conducting a stereological study of scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Further microstructural evidence is presented, illustrating the different crack morphologies observed as well as suggesting the responsible mechanisms. Finally a postfabrication Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment was performed to investigate its utility in 'healing' the internal cracks, and providing a route to retro-fix the cracking problem in the heat treatment stage of production. The findings highlight the need for process models of the SLM method in order to understand the thermal history and the laser fabricated structures observed. Introduction The discipline of additive layer manufacture (ALM) has been steadily growing since the 1980's and now encompasses a wide variety of technologies. They all share the common feature of producing a three dimensional shape by combining two dimensional 'slices' of a predetermined thickness. In recent years, ALM technologies have been developed to push the field forward from 'rapid-prototyping' towards 'rapid-manufacturing' and the production of fully dense and functional metallic components. In terms of laser fabrication there are now two key technologies for the rapid manufacture of fully-dense metallic components; Direct Laser Fabrication (DLF or any 'Blown Powder' system) and 'Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Powder-Bed' manufacturing. Comprehensive reviews of the different ALM methods can be found elsewhere [1-4]. SLM powder-bed technology has attracted the interest of aerospace manufacturers for several key reasons including: The elimination of the need the expensive tooling associated with forging and investment casting; the immediate recyclability of the unused metal powder, and the significant reduction in the 'design-to-component' time thus allowing for actual physical testing and many design iterations. The present study aims to assess the microstructural and physical characteristics of the SLM fabricated Ni-based superalloy for high-temperature application. Weld Cracking Laser fabrication process can be considered analogous to a continuous laser welding process. Due to this, an alloy weldability can be used as an indication as to its processability by SLM. Figure 1 [5] shows a number of typical Ni-based superalloys plotted according to their Al and Ti contents (γ′ forming elements). The alloys lying above the dotted line show a high volume fraction of the γ′ phase and are typically considered unweldable due to their cracking susceptibility. This relationship between the cracking susceptibility and γ′ fraction is attributed to the precipitation hardening that occurs within the aging temperature of the alloy; reheating the material to within this region (either in the welding process or as part of a post-weld heat treatment (PWHT)) results in hardening accompanied by a reduction in ductility leaving the material prone to cracking [5]. A review of the relevant literature highlighted four potential cracking mechanisms associated with welding and reheating of Ni-based superalloys, which are: Figure 1. Plot showing increasing cracking susceptibility with γ′ forming elements (Al and Ti) [5]. Alloys lying above the dotted line are particularly susceptible to cracking during welding or PWHT. Solidification Cracking Also referred to as 'Hot-Tearing', is reported to occur within the solidifying melt pool (or the mushy zone) where the material is in


It is generally argued that the current state of degradation to environment is predominantly due to lack of appropriate human behaviour. Members of the civil society are slowly awakening to the ill-effects of inefficient waste disposal and are trying to contribute to the well-being and maintenance of the world we live in. While rules and regulations have been formulated by the governing bodies for segregating waste, efforts in this direction have not translated into a veritable pro-environmental behaviour among citizens. Pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) refers to behaviour that benefits the environment or harms the environment as little as possible. Many social processes and norms exert influence over our behavior. According to a popular thesis on human behaviour, known as the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), an individual's intention towards behavior, subjective norms and perceived control over his/her behaviour together leads to intentions and behavior [1]. School children exhibit a responsibility to induce changes in social norms for environmental friendly behaviours and are also natural early adopters of technology in this endeavor. We explore the use of persuasive technologies where behaviour-oriented design techniques are employed to change behaviors of users through persuasion and social influence. In this paper, we propose an approach for designing persuasive technologies for stoking pro-environmental behaviour and initiating waste segregation at source.


The present invention relates to yttrium - Ce - Preparation aluminum garnet phosphor. Specifically, by prepared as follows yttrium - cerium - aluminum garnet phosphors: mixing a compound of yttrium, cerium and aluminum to form a raw material, wherein based on the sum of Y and Ce, Ce concentration 4-15mol%, Al and Y and Ce molar ratio of the sum is 5/3 to 5.5 / 3, the raw material pulverized into particles having an average particle size of 5-100μm, melting the particles in a high-temperature plasma, and a heat treatment in a nonoxidizing atmosphere for crystallization resulting granules .


Central America is a small but complex geographical space. Practically since independence, the five small Central American nations have attempted to build a regional integration project. However, their efforts to achieve a concise project have always been thwarted by either internal or external factors, or a combination of both. The latest integration attempt, with the construction of SICA, had already started to lose dynamism, when it started to gain momentum again. This acceleration of regionalism comes hand in hand with the negotiation of an Association Agreement with the European Union. How are the geopolitical interests of the Europeans affecting regional integration in Central America? The fact that Europe is trying to branch out to other markets, that they intend to play a bigger role in world politics or that they want to spread their particular world vision definitely plays a role in Central American regionalism.


Due to inefficient respiratory control, newborns become prone to asynchronous thoracoabdominal (TA) movements. The present study quantitatively estimated the synchrony of TA in preterm and full‐term newborns through an inertial and magnetic measurement units (IMMUs) system.


We report the generation of synchronized trains of picosecond pulses at two independently tunable wavelengths from cw mode‐locked dye lasers, synchronously pumped by a mode‐locked argon‐ion laser (pulse width∼100 psec). This has been achieved both by two‐wavelength operation of a single Rhodamine 6G dye laer and by synchronously pumping two independent (Rh‐6G) dye lasers. For both cases, with typical pulse widths of ≈ 5 psec at two independently tunable wavelengths, cross‐correlation measurements indicate good synchronization, with a jitter of less than ∼10 psec between the two pulse trains.


Clinical research in academic medical centers can be difficult to conduct and meet enrollment goals. Students under‐represented in medicine (URiM) are also under‐represented in academic leadership positions and as physician‐scientists but are critical to help solve health disparities. Barriers in pursuing medicine as a career may be high for URiM students, therefore it is important to create pre‐medicine opportunities accessible to all students interested in healthcare careers. We describe an undergraduate clinical research platform, the Academic Associate (AcA) program, embedded in the medical system that supports clinical research for academic physician scientists and provides students equitable access to experiences and mentoring opportunities. Students have the opportunity of completing a Pediatric Clinical Research Minor (PCRM) degree. This program satisfies many pre‐medicine opportunities for undergraduate students, including those URiM, and allows access to physician mentors and unique educational experiences for graduate school or employment. Since 2009, 820 students participated in the AcA program (17.5% URiM) and 235 students (18% URiM) completed the PCRM. Of the 820 students, 126 (10% URiM) students matriculated to medical school, 128 (11%URiM) to graduate school, and 85 (16.5% URiM) gained employment in biomedical research fields. Students in our program supported 57 publications and were top‐enrollers for several multicentered studies. The AcA program is cost‐effective and achieves a high level of success enrolling patients into clinical research. Additionally, the AcA program provides equitable access for students URiM to physician mentorship, pre‐medical experiences, and an avenue to early immersion in academic medicine.


DNA biosensor (DNA/SWCNT-COOH-CHIT/SPCE) composed of dsDNA adsorptive layer on a carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes–chitosan composite deposited at a commercial carbon based screen-printed electrode has been prepared and applied to a complex investigation of damage to DNA by the Fenton type cleavage agent (hydroxyl radicals formed in the mixture of Cu2+, H2O2 and ascorbic acid) and copper(II)–quercetin system in 0.1 M PBS pH 7.0 under aerobic conditions. The dsDNA damage detection is performed by using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1 × 10−7 M thioridazine and 1 × 10−3 M K4[Fe(CN)6]/K3Fe(CN)6 in the 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.0. Initial enhancement of the intrinsic guanine and adenine moieties SWV response over that of original dsDNA one indicates opening of the helix structure in the first stage of damage. At the same time, decrease in the intercalated thioridazine response confirms damage of the helix structure in parallel to deep degradation of the DNA chain and its removal from the electrode surface as indicated by the CV and EIS measurements in the presence of the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−redox indicator in solution.


In this paper the authors perform an extensive sensitivity analysis of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall to changes in parameters and boundary conditions which are influenced by human activities. For this study, the authors use a box model of the Indian monsoon which reproduces key features of the observed monsoon dynamics such as the annual course of precipitation and the transitions between winter and summer regimes. Because of its transparency and computational efficiency, this model is highly suitable for exploring the effects of anthropogenic perturbations such as emissions of greenhouse gases and sulfur dioxide, and land cover changes, on the Indian monsoon. Results of a systematic sensitivity analysis indicate that changes in those parameters which are related to emissions of greenhouse gases lead to an increase in Indian summer rainfall. In contrast, all parameters related to higher atmospheric aerosol concentrations lead to a decrease in Indian rainfall. Similarly, changes in parameters which can be related to forest conversion or desertification, act to decrease the summer precipitation. The results indicate that the sign of precipitation changes over India will be dependent on the direction and relative magnitude of diffierent human perturbations.


Since the connection of computers over the Internet and the expansion of distributed systems, they are confronted with more and more attacks. To counteract this circumstance, we have to consider security requirements from the beginning of the system development. In early phases of system development, it is common to use a twopart process for the elaboration of the application core and the functional specification in use cases. In this paper, we show an extension of this process for security-critical systems. We show a methodical concept for the development of security-critical systems and the modelling of security aspects in the application core with an extension of the Unified Modelling Language, here UMLsec. Furthermore, we introduce security use cases for the development of security aspects in conjunction with behavioural modelling.


Objectives:The effects of two clinically available biphasic waveforms on the success of defibrillation and postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction after prolonged ventricular fibrillation were compared with two newly designed dual-path sequential and simultaneous rectilinear biphasic waveforms. Defibrillation via sequential pulses and encircling, overlapping multiple pathway may depolarize a larger myocardial mass and facilitate transthoracic defibrillation. Design:Animal study. Setting:Experimental laboratory. Subjects:Thirty-two 40 ± 3 kg pigs. Interventions:Ventricular fibrillation was ischemically induced in 32 pigs. After 7 mins of untreated ventricular fibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated and continued for 5 mins. Animals were then randomized to receive up to three shocks with a) single-path rectilinear biphasic waveform; b) single-path biphasic truncated exponential waveform; c) dual-path rectilinear biphasic sequential defibrillation; or d) dual-path rectilinear biphasic simultaneous defibrillation. Measurements and Main Results:Rectilinear biphasic, dual-path sequential defibrillation, and simultaneous defibrillation had significantly fewer shocks (1.1 ± 0.4, 1.4 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.7, respectively) before restoration of spontaneous circulation than biphasic truncated exponential waveform (2.6 ± 1.4, p < .005) and less postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction (p < .05). Also, dual-path sequential defibrillation had higher postresuscitation ejection fraction than rectilinear biphasic and dual-path simultaneous defibrillation (p < .005). Conclusions:The energy requirements for terminating ischemically induced ventricular fibrillation were significantly lower and minimized early postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction in the rectilinear biphasic, dual-path sequential defibrillation, and simultaneous defibrillation than the biphasic truncated exponential waveform. Dual-path sequential defibrillation had less postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction than rectilinear biphasic and dual-path simultaneous defibrillation, but at 72 hrs these differences were no longer significant.


Abstract: Leachate in landfill can be defined as a liquid that passes through a landfill a has extracted dissolved and suspended matter from it. Leachate generation is a major problem for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in many countries and it causes significant threat to surface water and ground water. To find the effect of leachate in the ground, ground water sample was collected from the surrounding areas of 1 km radius away from Kodungaiyur landfill and the samples were tested for various parameters such as colour, turbidity, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, potassium, COD and BOD. Eight samples were collected from 1km away were collected. The parameters were compared with IS 10500:2012. The analysis helps us to understand how much the ground water is affected by the percolation of leachate. Keywords: Leachate, Hardness, Chloride, TDS, BOD, and COD


Objective To investigate the satisfaction of vocational college nursing students with clinical training environment , and improve the effects of clinical practice .Methods The questionnaire including six dimensions forty-two items was used to investigate the satisfaction of nursing students in vocational college with clinical training environment .The six dimensions included:interpersonal relationship , working atmosphere and team culture, students' participation, task orientation, innovation, and individuation.Results In the totals of 144 nursing students investigated, 127 students (88.19%) were relatively satisfied and 17 (11.81%) were satisfied with the clinical training environment . Satisfaction score from high to low was task orientation , innovation, interpersonal relationship , students ' participation, work atmosphere and team culture , and individuation.There was a relatively strong correlation between each dimension (r=0.472-0.776;P〈0.01). Satisfaction score of work atmosphere and team culture of three-year nursing students was lower , whereas task orientation,innovation and individuation of three-year nursing students was higher than five-year nursing students (t=-4.107,5.962,5.728,3.138;P 〈0.01).Conclusions The vocational college nursing students are comparatively satisfied with the clinical practice .Training in work atmosphere and team culture during clinical practice of nursing students should be enhanced .

Key words:
Student; nursing Hospital; teaching Clinical training environment Vocational college nursing students Satisfaction


In June and July 1997, Nomad, a planetary-relevant mobile robot, traversed more than 220 kilometers across the barren Atacama Desert in Chile, exploring a landscape analogous to the surfaces of the Moon and Mars. In this unprecedented demonstration, Nomad operated both autonomously and under the control of operators thousands of kilometers away, addressing issues of robot configuration, communication, position estimation, and navigation in rugged, natural terrain. The field experiment also served to test technologies for remote geological investigation, paving the way for new exploration strategies on Earth and beyond. Finally, by combining safeguarded teleoperation with panoramic visualization and a novel user interface, the Atacama Desert Trek provided the general public a compelling interactive experience an opportunity to remotely drive an exploratory robot. Nomad's performance in the Atacama Desert Trek set new benchmark in high performance robotics operations relevant to terrestrial and planetary exploration. This paper presents an overview of the experiment, describes technologies key to Nomad's success, and discusses outcomes and implications.


The global financial crisis, sometimes even referred to as a crisis of liberal-style capitalism, functions as a critical juncture that has triggered a critical reassessment of the global system and its normative underpinnings. To shed more light on the changing constituent power of global constitutionalization, this article starts with some general reflections on the role of regional and network actors in global affairs. It then continues with a short discussion of the difficulties encountered during analyzing the BRICS as a unified network actor. In order to clarify whether recent critical junctures and moments of contestation are contributing to a higher global constitutional quality, this article then continues by analyzing the sector of global financial governance. It argues that moments of contestation do not automatically result in an overthrow of the existing global order but might facilitate sectoral adjustments and partial reforms of select sub-systems. The establishment of inter-regional quasi constitutional arrangements with regard to global finance adds to the fragmentation of global constitutionalization—but does so far not result in a substitution of the organizational structures and normative principles established after 1945.


The Hansin-Awaji Earthquake of January 17, 1995 cause severe damage to various structures. Damage to the underground infrastructures was one of the amazing events, since underground structures had been considered to be relatively safe from earthquake effects compared to structures above ground. Recently, there is a great demand for a development of super-deep underground urban space in Tokyo Metropolitan area. However a seismic response behavior of a complicated structure, such as connection part of vertical shaft and tunnel, junction of a highway tunnel, ramp way, is not clear so far. Moreover, the seismic design procedure of complicate parts of underground infrastructure is not established. In this paper, the results of a large-scale three-dimensional dynamic analysis by using a workstation cluster of 16 nodes are described. It was clarified of the generation of a large axial stress to the ramp way due to axial input. Moreover, it was result that the shearing stress was not able to be disregarded due to axial and parallel input.


A transistor that employs the Quantum effect of tunneling as a main component of current is the ideal device for multi-valued logic. The first and only such device was fabricated by Seoul National University [1], which they called a Field Induced Band-toBand Tunneling Effect Transistor (FIBTET). The device structure for a FIBTET is extremely similar to a FINFET. The main differences are degenerately doped source, drain, and body regions. This device exhibits an I-V characteristic resulting from a gate influenced region of negative differential resistance (NDR), and a region of negative differential transconductance (NDT). Quantum tunneling has better control and predictability as dimensions are shrunk to smaller and smaller sizes, resulting in better device performance.


We have previously shown that heme, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), released from sickle RBCs interacts with the innate immune toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on endothelium and blood cells to activate cell signaling. This activates the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB leading to the production of cytokines and adhesion molecules that promote inflammation, coagulation, and vaso-occlusion (VO). Previous studies in our lab have demonstrated that inhibition of TLR4 in Townes-SS mice with TAK242 reduces microvascular stasis in response to hemin, hypoxia/reoxygenation and LPS. To further delineate the role of TLR4 in sickle cell disease (SCD), we bred a global Tlr4-/- deficiency state into Townes-AA mice expressing normal human adult hemoglobin A and Townes-SS mice expressing sickle hemoglobin S. These Tlr-/- Townes mice were backcrossed 10 generations to homogenize their genetic background with our Tlr4+/+ Townes colony. Townes-SS Tlr4-/- mice developed less microvascular stasis than Townes-SS Tlr4+/+ mice in response to challenges with heme infusion (4% vs 30% at 1 hr, p<0.05, Fig 1A); LPS infusion (13% vs 36% at 1 hr, p<0.05, Fig 1B); and hypoxia/reoxygenation (3% vs 20% at 1 hr, p<0.05, Fig 1C).
 We next measured the complete blood counts, serum chemistries, and urine analytes in the Tlr4+/+ and -/- mice. We also quantified mRNA levels via qPCR for liver and kidney cytokines, adhesion molecule, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and coagulation factors in all four genotypes (AA Tlr4+/+; AA Tlr4-/-; SS Tlr4+/+; SS Tlr4-/-). Hemoglobin levels in SS mice were lower than AA mice, but there were no differences between Tlr4+/+ and Tlr4-/- mice. WBC counts were greater in SS than AA mice, but there were no differences between Tlr4+/+ and Tlr4-/- mice. Bilirubin and liver function tests (LFTs) were higher in SS than AA, but there were no differences between Tlr4+/+ and Tlr4-/- mice. In the liver, adhesion molecules and HO-1 were higher in SS than AA, but there were no differences between Tlr4+/+ and Tlr4-/- mice. To define a potential mechanism for decreased microvascular stasis in response to hemin infusion in SS Tlr4-/-, we measured cytokines and adhesion molecule expression after heme challenge. When SS Tlr4+/+ mice were infused with hemin, we found increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. SS Tlr4-/- mice infused with hemin had reduced expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules compared to SS Tlr4+/+ mice; most notably in IL-6 in the liver, adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the liver and kidneys (p<0.05), and P-selectin and von Willebrand factor in the lungs (Fig 2). Our data thus far indicate that TLR4 of the innate immune system plays a critical role in VO and inflammation in challenged SS mice. We speculate that modulation of TLR4 with targeted inhibitors would be beneficial for SCD patients.

 Belcher: Mitobridge, an Astellas Company: Consultancy, Research Funding. Vercellotti:Mitobridge, an Astellas Company: Consultancy, Research Funding.


RESULTS: The effect of the intervention on self-regulation scores was significant, F(1, 21) = 7.011, p = .015). This implies that there were significant differences in selfregulation between the intervention and control groups. Inspection of Cohen's d effect sizes reveals a large effect (d = .581) of the intervention on all dimensions of selfregulation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the ability of a behavioral intervention to improve self-regulation for physical activity scores among a sample of overweight and obese adults with T2DM. This is critical as health promotion programs can adopt similar strategies to improve self-regulation for physical activity in this population and for future research.


This report is an internal working document in the Organic RDD project ClimOptic (2019-2022) as part of WP 1: System analysis and climate effects. The ClimOptic project is led by Dept. of Agroecology, Aarhus University and the other partners in project are Dept. of Engineering, Aarhus University and SEGES Organic. The ClimOptic project aims at developing, documenting and demonstrating optimized organic fertilizers to support changes in crop production and manure and fertilization management for a more climate efficient organic agricultural production. The aim of this internal report is to identify how the climate effect of the new optimized fertilizers can be assessed and to describe the system of producing the fertilizers and the systems in which the new fertilizers will be used.


Predicting the capacity of cellular communication networks is an important factor to provide better services to subscribers. As the number of mobile subscribers increases, the network load and user experience increase. By predicting the channel quality indicator (CQI) as a main factor in the network performance and spectral efficiency, it is possible to check the experimental quality in terms of appropriateness for the desired environment. In this article, the authors aimed to investigate the performance of the mobile phone network capacity of Mobile Telecommunication Company of Iran (MCI) using CQI prediction employing deep learning methods. To increase the accuracy of the proposed deep network model, hand designed features such as frequency band, physical resource block (PRB), the number of surrounding cells within a radius of 2.5 km, download/upload payload, and modulation are extracted and fed as the model input. The proposed model can predict the CQI with 96% mean absolute error rate on the real dataset of cell stations.


The invention relates to a metallic heat exchanger tube for the evaporation of liquids on the outside of the tube with a tube axis, with a pipe wall with circulating on the tube outside, integrally formed ribs. The ribs have a rib foot, rib flanks and a tip rib, wherein the rib foot projecting substantially radially from the tube wall. there is a groove between two adjacent ribs in the axial direction. at least first, second and third lateral material protrusions, which are formed from the material of the ribs at the rib flanks are arranged on a first, second and third level in such a way that the grooves are substantially covered by the totality of the material projections. According to the invention the first, second and third lateral material protrusions of the tube wall in the radial direction in each case at different distances spaced levels are formed.


This specification defines an extension to the calendar access
protocol (CalDAV) to allow attachments associated with iCalendar data
to be stored and managed on the server. This specification documents
existing code deployed by multiple vendors. It is published as an
Informational specification rather than Standards Track due to its
noncompliance with multiple best current practices of HTTP.


1
The steady-state rate equation for the ceruloplasmin catalyzed oxidation of dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) was found to be of the first degree with respect to substrate concentrations. Apparent kinetic coefficients for this substrate and its stable radical DPD+ were determined over the range pH 4.5–6.0.

2
Acid-base titrations established that the diammonium ion dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine 2 H+ titrated as a dibasic acid, and that DPD+ has ampholytic properties. Equilibrium constants were determined for the different proton dissociation steps.

3
Examination of the pH-dependence of the apparent kinetic coefficients provided evidence that four substrate forms affect the rate equation in the ceruloplasmin-DPD system.

4
Maximum activities appeared to be identical for the four substrates, and were found to decrease with pH in a way suggesting that a histidyl residue is involved in the rate-determining step of the enzymatic process.

5
Km-values appeared to be independent of pH over the range 4.5–6.0, but were shown to vary exponentially with the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the substrates.


BACKGROUND
There is no randomized controlled study about the effects of end-effector robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of end-effector RAGT on gait and balance abilities in SCI.

METHODS
Thirty-one patients were randomly assigned to the RAGT (Morning Walk ®, Curexo, Seoul, South Korea) or conventional therapy (CT) group. Patients were assessed using the 10-meter walk test (10MWT), 6-minute walk test (6mWT), lower extremity motor score (LEMS) and proprioception, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury-II (WISCI-II), and mobility category of Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III.

RESULTS
All clinical outcome measures significantly improved in both groups. The BBS and WISCI-II were significantly improved in the RAGT group compared to the CT group. In the RAGT group, pre-LEMS and pre-WISCI-II of the 10MWT improved group and pre-BBS of the 6mWT improved group were higher than those of the 10MWT non-improved and 6mWT non-improved group, respectively.

CONCLUSION
End-effector RAGT and CT in patients with incomplete SCI could lead to improvements in gait ability, lower extremity muscle strength, balance, proprioception, and mobility. Additionally, end-effector RAGT could improve balance and gait abilities substantially better than CT.


How does a small New Zealand energy company drive mutual benefits from outsourced energy partnerships with a diverse mix of industry partners and customised asset base? Pioneer Generation Limited (Pioneer) is a New Zealand based, community trust owned, generation company that has assets with a replacement value of $500m. A number of these are deeply embedded within, and are integral to, our Partners' core processes. The mix of assets Pioneer owns and/or manages are quite diverse ranging from regional electrical networks, thermal direct heat and energy, hydro and wind generation, as well as a number of standby reciprocating generators. The company's asset management challenge is to ensure we have a consistent approach to managing and optimising our asset performance coupled with a need to have our outsource partners share our asset management journey to achieve our mutual and separate business goals.


Riparian zones are considered to be a good way of reducing water flow and sediment losses to streams, but is planting trees further away from the stream bank just as effective? Here we have used a combination of analytical models and numerical models to estimate the likely effects of the positioning of trees in a catchment on the hydrologic response. An analytical model of a planar slope was used extended in a piecewise manner to determine the effect of varying roughness of a section of the slope on runoff depth, velocity and quantity. This was compared to a numerical solution of the full flow equation on a slope. Results show that the analytical solution predicts a larger runoff depth than the numerical solution, which is to be expected as it ignores some of the terms in the full solution. The numerical model shows the same abrupt transient in head (height of water on soil surface) at a change in roughness assumed in the analytical model. A uniform planar slope of length of 100 m was split into 4 equal quarters and the effect of slope, runoff rate and roughness on the discharge rate at each quarter and at the bottom of the slope was investigated with the analytical model. This showed that the discharge rate would change in quarter with different roughness but relax back to the original discharge rate in the next quarter of the slope, when the changed occurred in the upper 3 quarters of the slope. Only when the roughness change occurred in the last quarter of the slope was the discharge rate affected at the bottom of the slope. Slope angle was found to have the least effect on changing discharge rate at the bottom of the slope. The numerical solution though, could not produce a stable solution when the length of the slope length, runoff rate, roughness and slope angle were large, while the analytical solution was able to produce results in all cases considered. Neither the analytical or numerical solutions of flow down the sloping surface included the effect of prior soil conditions on the amount of runoff generated. In order to investigate soil and climate effects on runoff the problem was also solved using the THALES catchment model. Results with the catchment model THALES generally supported the analytical model but also allow the climate and soils (infiltration and evapotranspiration) when the vegetation was changed to be assessed. Three contrasting sites were chosen; Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth, along with three soil materials (clay(C), clay loam (CL) and sandy loam (SL)). The soil materials were used to created soil profiles with four 0.3 m layers (total depth 1.2 m); soil#1 SL for all four layers; soil#2 SL for top layer and CL for lower 3 layers; and soil#3 C for all 4 layers. Two slopes; A1-10°and A2-30°were used, and combined with three soils and 3 sites resulted in 18 scenarios. The results showed that the planting of trees at different positions of the slope had an effect for sandy loam soils and moderate slopes in a winter dominated rainfall climate like Melbourne. However, for a summer dominated rainfall like Brisbane the position of the trees did not significantly affect the amount of runoff generated. The position of where the trees were planted was only shown to have a significant effect in Melbourne, where the further down slope the trees were planted the more they intercepted subsurface flow and evapotranspired this, reducing runoff. Again slope was shown to have the smallest effect on runoff except for two of the scenarios investigated. Given the time requirement to run the analytical solution offers a quick and reasonably robust way to determine the effects of changes in soil, typographic, vegetation and runoff rate on runoff generated at the bottom of a planar slope.


Improving the visual appearance of coarse triangle meshes is usually done with graphics hardware with per-pixel shading techniques. Improving the appearance at silhouettes is inherently hard, as shading has only a small influence there and the geometry must be corrected. With the new geometry shader stage released with DirectX 10, the functionality to generate new primitives from an input primitive is available. Also the shader can access a restricted primitive neighborhood. In this paper, we present a curved surface patch that can deal with this restricted data available in the geometry shader. A surface patch is defined over a triangle with its vertex normals and the three edge neighbor triangles. Compared to PN triangles, which define a curved patch using just the triangle with its vertex normals, our surface patch is G1 continuous with its three neighboring patches. The patch is obtained by blending two cubic Bezier patches for each triangle edge. In this way, our surface is especially suitable for efficient, high-quality tessellation on the GPU.

We show the construction of the surface and how to add special features such as creases. Thus, the appearance of the surface patch can be fine-tuned easily. The surface patch is easy to integrate into existing polygonal modeling and rendering environments. We give some examples using Autodesk Maya.®


This research aims to find out potential tourism objects which located in Blora, they are Loco Tour and Geology. Besides having a vacation there, visitors can also learn something new from each object there. Blora local Government doesn't optimally mange these tourism objects yet, however these can be attraction to get people to come. These tourism objects are not well managed, and people don't even realize the existence of these objects and. Therefore, this study aims to determine the best strategy in developing Blora local tourism objects, such as Loco Tour and Geological Tour as educational tours in Blora and determine government's policy in developing tourism objects as educational tour in Blora. In this research, the researcher used qualitative approach to describe the result at the end of the research. The research was conducted in Blora, Central of Java. The data was gathered from recorded interviews and literature review. The head of Department of Transportation Tourism Culture Communication and Information Blora, was interviewed as the key informant. And the others were the employee of Loco Tour and Geology Tour, local people, and also the visitors who came to the objects as well. For the documented data, it was gathered from private documentation which took around the objects. Strategy in developing the Loco Tour and Geology as an educational tourism object in Blora based on the analysis result of SWOT has been formulated in several aspects such as exploiting educational potential on Loco Tour and Geology tourism objects, promoting educational tour, increasing awareness of local people to participate, giving information to local people about educational tourism developing program, optimizing the role of Kelompok Sadar Wisata (POKDARWIS), improving coordination among agencies in the development of educational tours, recruiting the capable employees, creating the local rules of tourism. Whereas Government policies are providing and developing facilities, increasing the human resources, promoting educational tour, and improving inter-institutional performance.


materials from ab initio Bo Peng1, Hao Zhang1,∗, Hezhu Shao2, Yuanfeng Xu1, Gang Ni1, Rongjun Zhang1 and Heyuan Zhu1 1Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 2Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China


Understanding
platelet–surface activation is of clinical
importance because it directly involves the formation of a hemostatic
plug or blood clot at sites of vascular injury. Although platelet
activation on various structured patterns has been investigated, this
behavior on nanoscale groove patterns remains unclear. Here, we fabricated
pattern arrays with 100 and 500 nm groove sizes by electron-beam lithography
and investigated the response of platelets on these patterns using
scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Without
modification, platelets spread strongest on the unstructured surface
and weakest on 100 nm grooves, while the spreading characteristic
significantly decreased on laminin-modified surfaces. With a laminin
coating, platelets did not spread after contact for 15 min, but the
formation of filopodia of different lengths occurred, which is longest
on the unstructured surface and shortest on 100 nm grooves. This difference
correlated with the adhesion forces because the platelets bound strongest,
weaker, and weakest on the corresponding unstructured surface and
500 and 100 nm nanopatterns. Our results show that platelet–surface
activation depends on the underlying nanostructured surface, and the
findings may have a major impact on medical applications.


The estimation of gas chromatographic retention indices based on compounds structures is an importantproblem. Predicted retention indices can be used in a mass spectral library search for the identificationof unknowns. Various machine learning methods are used for this task, but methods based on decisiontrees, in particular gradient boosting, are not used widely. The aim of this work is to examine the usability ofthis method for the retention index prediction. 177 molecular descriptors computed with Chemistry Development Kit are used as the input representation of a molecule. Random subsets of the whole NIST 17 database are used as training, test and validation sets. 8000 trees with 6 leaves each are used. A neural network with one hidden layer (90 hidden nodes) is used for the comparison. The same data sets and the set of descriptors are used for the neural network and gradient boosting. The model based on gradient boosting outperforms the neural network with one hidden layer for subsets of NIST 17 and for the set of essential oils.The performance of this model is comparable or better than performance of other modern retention prediction models. The average relative deviation is ~3.0%, the median relative deviation is ~1.7% for subsets of NIST 17. The median absolute deviation is ~34 retention index units. Only non-polar liquid stationary phases (such as polydimethylsiloxane, 5% phenyl 95% polydimethylsiloxane, squalane) are considered. Errors obtained with different machine learning algorithms and with the same representation of the molecule strongly correlate with each other.


Abstract The nuclear lipid fraction is comprised of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, plasmalogens, gangliosides, cholesterol and fatty acids. Intranuclear lipid enzymes are responsible for their active metabolism completely independently from that of other cell membranes. The crosstalk between glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids controls the nuclear lipid mediators such asceramide and diacylglycerol that are in equilibrium when the cells are resting and change whenthe cells are stimulated. This article focuses on the characteristics, localization and metabolism of intranuclear lipids. This article describes the examples of their function that have been discovered so far and an additional function, which has emerged from recent insights; somelipids associated with the inner nuclear membrane are organized to form a platform for DNA duplication and transcription that could play a role in health and disease.


This research which is entitled "The nature of the art of writing in the writing of Kurdish electronic media messages" )speda – pukmedia as samples(, has tried to achieve a set of goals, in the context of both theoretical and theoretical aspects. Practically classified, in terms of analysis, the research aims to determine how it is written in Kurdish electronic media. It also presents articles that are published daily on the Kurdish website according to the nature of their writing. This study goes into the context of described research and the method of survey ingenuity, based on the method of analyzing content and choosing the genres of journalism that are in both the speda-pukmedia website has been written and published, through the purposeful Infamous sample by receiving and analyzing items taken as samples. One of the most important results of the research: shows that most of the researchers in the survey form that specific to the journalists in the field of writing and writing in Kurdish electronic media. They believe that unifying the language of writing and writing media messages on Kurdish websites in one way is very necessary to standardize the language of writing and merge the style into a writing form. The result of the research analysis shows that Kurdish media is mostly political. the writings and objects received from the sample pages are more political. the messages are written according to the special ideas which are why media became the factor for uniforming the writings.


A phenomenological model of the system of meridian acupuncture points is proposed. The model is defined as a complex self-oscillating network with a multiloop ring topology including delayed feedbacks. It provides a generalized view of the connections between the major meridian systems. The existence of network operation modes identical to those recorded at the acupuncture points by the Sharm electromedical system for diagnosis and treatment is demonstrated. For an additive stimulus applied to certain network nodes, the magnitude-duration relation with which the operation becomes unstable is ascertained The network goes to another stable state in this case.


Abstr act An improved method of crowd counting based on regression is proposed to support intelligent management over crowd in video surveillance systems. According to the fact that human body has an articulate structure and complicated contours of shape, we propose a new low-level feature, the number of corner points, to highlight the describable capability of the feature set. We then introduce relevance vector regression (RVR) to model the correspondence between features and the pedestrian number, and propose a fusion scheme of RVR and Gaussian process regression (GPR) to further advance the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results on two crowd datasets (one is UCSDpeds) demonstrate that the proposed work outperforms state-of-the-art methods and can fulfill the real-time requirement. Keywor ds: Crowd counting·Feature extraction · Relevance vector regression (RVR) · Gaussian process regression (GPR) 1 Introducti on In public places, high density of crowd may be regarded as an indicator of congestions, threats or other abnormalities. Techniques based on analysis of video data can predict and estimate the size of crowd, which is of great significance to the security and surveillance community. Although intelligent crowd counting approaches have been studied in recent years, the precision of counting is yet not satisfactory. In this paper, we propose an improved method of crowd counting based on regression.


The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm introduced by Dempster et al [12] in 1977 is avery general method to solve maximum likelihood estimation problems. In this informal report,we review the theory behind EM as well as a number of EM variants, suggesting that beyondthe current state of the art is an even much wider territory still to be discovered.


Yuan drama — or more precisely, song-drama — has long occupied a privileged place in Western translations of Chinese literature. In the early decades of the 18th century, the Eurasian print networks of the Jesuit order propelled one particular play, The Orphan of Zhao, to the forefront of a dialogue between playmakers of the East and West. Seduced by the beauty of Chinese literature to the point of heralding it as an early, albeit unrecognized Christian revelation, a Jesuit father in Macau excerpted lines of dialogue from Orphan in an attempt to help his fellow missionaries master the intricacies of the spoken language. Meanwhile, one of his confrères in Paris announced the imminent appearance of a "Chinese tragedy" in a pamphlet designed to attract subscriptions for the grand apotheosis of the Jesuit project in China, The Universal History of China (1735–36), easily one of the most influential Western works on China ever compiled. Having been denuded of its literary core — the lyrical arias written from the point of view of a single protagonist — the skeletal playtext of Orphan nevertheless inspired actors, impresarios, and playwrights, including Voltaire (1694–1778) and Arthur Murphy (1727–1805), to mobilize China, Chinese characters, and Tartar figures on the European stage as an alternately edifying and entertaining spectacle for urban theatergoers. It is this same play that the Royal Shakespeare Company chose to make the basis for a first foray into the world of Chinese theatre in its 2013/14 season, and it is also the play that opens The Columbia Anthology of Yuan Drama (hereafter Anthology).


We worked with 6 tortoises, 3 females and 3 males of the species Geochelone carbonaria, in order to describe the main arteries, which vascularize the organs of the coelomic cavity. We observed that the left aorta lengthen three main branches in order to irrigate the organs of the animal's cranial area, before it joins the right aorta to form the dorsal aorta, which is in charge of the nutrition of the caudal area of the animal, through several branches coming irregularly in quantity and origin.


Sentiment analysis is the field of NLP which analyzes the sentiments of text written by users on online sites in the form of reviews. These reviews may be either in the form of a word, sentence, document, or ratings. These reviews are used as datasets when applied to train a classifier. These datasets are applied in the annotated form with the positive, negative or neutral labels as an input to train the classifier. This trained classifier is used to test other reviews, either in the same or different domains to know like or dislike of the user for the related field. Various researches have been done in single and cross domain sentiment analysis. The new methods proposed are overcoming the previous ones but according to this survey, no methods best suit the proposed work. In this article, the authors review the methods and techniques that are given by various researchers in cross domain sentiment analysis and how those are compared with the pre-existing methods for the related work.


In estimating the production function of firms, problems of endogeneity and self selection exist as a result of firm-specific productivity shocks and entry/exit decisions. Several methods have been proposed to handle these problems, such as those by Olley and Pakes (1996) and Levinsohn and Petrin (1999, 2003). However, the endogeneity of labor input does not seem to be completely solved by these methods. We therefore propose an alternative semiparametric IV estimator. We suppose that firm-specific productivity influences labor input as well as capital input. We adopt the lagged variables of inputs as their instruments instead of investment inputs, unlike Olley and Pakes. Moreover, our econometric model should automatically adapt to the effect of the exit decision of each firm. We applied the model to Japanese plant-level panel data from 1982 to 2004 on the Census of Manufactures provided by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. We found that our estimator works well in an empirical study in terms of sign and magnitude of the technological parameters. Using the estimation residuals, we decomposed the TFP into firm-specific productivity and other exogenous shocks. We also aggregated the productivity shocks to industry-level productivities to determine the transition. We examined whether negative technological shocks were the main cause of poor economic performance in Japan during the "lost decade", and found that productivity did not decline in most Japanese industries since the 1980s. This implies that the recession might have been caused by demand-side factors rather than supply-side issues.


This study examined responsiveness of the dot probe measure of attentional bias to standard cognitive-behaviour group therapy (CBGT) for social phobia. People who met criteria for social phobia were randomly allocated to either an immediate treatment condition or a waiting list control (WLC). All participants completed self-report measures of social anxiety, depression, and anxiety sensitivity, a verbal dot probe and a facial dot-probe task before and after eight weeks of standard CBGT was undertaken by the treatment group. On the first measurement occasion the two groups had similar scores on all measures. On the second measurement occasion the self-report scores for the CBGT group were lower than those of the WLC group. Performance on the dot-probe tasks for the CBGT group had also changed. The treatment group appeared to direct their attention away from social threat words and threatening faces after CBGT.


The nonlinear vibration responses of nano-strings are studied based on the theory of Eringen's nonlocal elasticity. Firstly, the nonlocal differential constitutive model in one-dimensional form which is suitable for a string structure is used, and then the governing equation of motion for the nonlinear vibration of nano-strings is derived by considering the expression of classical Lagrangian strain. In order to solve the non-dimensional nonlinear governing equation of motion, the Galerkin method or Rayleigh-Ritz method is applied, and the nonlinear partial differential equation is approximately transformed into the a set of ordinary differential equations. The ordinary differential equations are then solved by a numerical method, and the nonlinear vibration responses under different time histories are thus obtained. Subsequently, the approximate numerical solution of the nonlinear displacement is solved by the second-order multi-scale method. The nonlinear phenomena in the transverse displacement and the influences of nonlocal scale parameter on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of nano-strings are analyzed accordingly. The results will provide a basis for understanding and controlling the nonlinear dynamics of nano-strings which may act as key components in the booming intelligent nano-systems.


College counselors shoulder the responsibility of guiding college students' way of thinking,carrying out daily routine works and navigating the success of cultivating talents.The overall status of counselors is deeply intertwined with the growth and development of college students.Therefore,their works should be evaluated in a scientific way.Focusing on the issues that the location of the subject of the evaluation system is not scientific,the contents of the evaluation is unreasonable and the feedbacks of the evaluation is untimely,etc,we should in the future,locate the subject scientifically,build a reasonable evaluation system,handle quantitative and qualitative evaluation properly,submit feedbacks in time,and improve the incentive mechanism to push the evaluation work forward healthily.


PurposeThis study aims to explore the combined strategies leading to successful repair of two types of trust in Chinese construction projects and provide an effective guidance and control trust repair in construction projects. During the research period, the author interviewed 150 managers from 50 Chinese construction projects and collected details of 125 violations. The research examines the effect of combined strategy of trust repair in Chinese management scenario.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a mixed, quantitative, qualitative and exploratory approach. The author first extracted six strategies, namely, apology, denial, penance, communication, promise and compensation, from the literature review and generalization. Then, the author conducted an interview with 150 managers from 50 China construction projects. And the author analyzed the data through qualitative comparative analysis (QCA).FindingsWhen competence-based trust is broken, violators should adopt communication and promise, demonstrate their competence and qualification, and change the attributions of competence from the trustor. When integrity-based trust is broken, violators should apologize, actively admit the mistake, show a positive attitude and seek the forgiveness from the trustor. After reconstructing trustors' perceptions of competence or integrity, violators should also make a promise to trustors for the future. The result of this research not only illustrates the sufficiency and necessity of a single strategy for trust repair but also explores the combination of trust repair strategies that rebuild the trust.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to 50 construction projects in the Chinese construction context, so conclusions are limited in application. Data used in this research did not provide an in-depth analysis of trust repair failures. Thus, additional research is needed to explore why trust was not repaired. The study is also limited to examining the Chinese construction project organizations only, and future studies should incorporate organizations in other nations and regions.Practical implicationsCompared with using a single strategy, a combined strategy provides a contribution to the future practice of repair broken relationship between construction project organizations. This research helps to organize decisions and benefits managers, from Chinese owners and contractors, in choosing which of these strategies repair trust. The author also provides a specific combination of strategies to repair relationships for international companies that have conflicts with Chinese construction companies.Originality/valueThis research is among the early studies in China that preliminary examines the combined strategy of trust repair between Chinese owners and contractors by using causal attribution theory and QCA. This study makes a valuable contribution toward combined strategy in construction project and the knowledge system of trust repair. Future studies could build on the findings from the current study to develop a cross-cultural research on trust repair.


In this paper, EPA network and security architecture of WLAN are introduced. It also presents a deep analysis of security measures of 802.11b. Based on the analysis of the security flaws of 802.11b and the applications in industrial field, the security strategy of 802.11b wireless equipments accessed to EPA network in industrial field is proposed.


Purpose The purpose of this study was to study the potential of novel biodegradable PCL bone cement to improve bone screw fixation strength in osteoporotic bone. Methods The biomechanical properties of bone cement (ε-polycaprolactone, PCL) and fixation strength were studied using biomechanical tests and bone screws fixed in an osteoporotic bone model. Removal torques and pullout strengths were assessed for cortical, self-tapping, and cancellous screws inserted in the osteoporotic bone model (polyurethane foam blocks with polycarbonate plate) with and without PCL bone cement. Open cell and cellular rigid foam blocks with a density of 0.12 g/cm3 were used in this model. Results Removal torques were significantly (more than six-fold) improved with bone cement for cancellous screws. Furthermore, the bone cement improved pullout strengths three to 12 times over depending on the screw and model material. Conclusions Biodegradable bone cement turned out to be a very potential material to stabilize screw fixation in osteoporotic bone. The results warrant further research before safe clinical use, especially to clarify clinically relevant factors using real osteoporotic bone under human body conditions and dynamic fatigue testing for long-term performance.


Introduction: Over the last few years obstetric professionals in primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the Netherlands have been encouraged by health authorities and insurers to build partnerships, to improve the medical outcomes of perinatal care. To establish the effects of these efforts, functional rather than professional outcome measures are required, covering performance of the entire perinatal care chain. We evaluated the feasibility of the Adverse Outcome Index (AOI), developed by Mann et al [1], to evaluate medical outcomes of three obstetric care chains, including primary, secondary and tertiary caregivers and hospitals, in the Netherlands. We investigated in particular if AOI scores could be calculated based on data currently collected in routine obstetric care. This measure focusses on intrapartum care, where serious adverse events result from insufficient teamwork and communication barriers across obstetric professionals. Theory and Methods: The AOI is defined as the percentage of deliveries with one or more of ten specified adverse events affecting both mother and child. These adverse events are: maternal death, intrapartum or neonatal death >2500g, uterine rupture, maternal ICU admission, return to OR, birth trauma, admission to NICU >2500g, Apgar 26.000 singleton deliveries between 2009 and 2011 under care of practitioners from 18 independent midwifery practices, 3 university hospitals and 1 general hospital. Data were obtained from electronic patient records. Deliveries before the 32th week and of children with severe congenital anomalies were excluded. Two modifications were


Since operation and management mode for rural drinking water engineering projects are diverse and complicated,it is necessary to select a new dynamic extension evaluation model by taking Zhejiang Province as an example.Three typical operation and management modes are chosen,for comparative evaluation,including village collective management mode,contract management mode and water user association management mode.The evaluation aims to identify their suitable conditions,advantages and disadvantages for convenient extension and application.In the evaluation process,the extension evaluation model was innovatively combined with deviation analysis method and matter-element model,process element model and material element model for extension evaluation are established,and through a series of steps such as to determine measured conditions,determine weight coefficient via deviation analysis method,and established associated function and calculation qualified degrees,and calculation specification qualified degrees,and calculation excellent degrees.Fifteen different run management modes of rural drinking water engineering projects in Liandu District of Lishui city in Zhejiang Province were selected for evaluation,and evaluation results were obtained.The evaluation results are basically consistent with the actual conditions,verifying the viability of the model and method.This provides basis for the model application and informationization,but also provides technical support for the operation and management of rural drinking water project decision-making sector mode application in the future.


Objective To study the distribution pattern of the perforating blood vessels, body surface positioning and haemodynamics in dissociative anterolateral thigh flap(ALTF) by making use of high frequency color Doppler technology, which will provide the reference evidence in selecting the advantage side between the two donor sides prior to surgery. Methods To test the number, caliber, starting point, traveling course, location passing through the deep fascia, mean flow rate of two-side ALFT perforating blood vessels on 30 healthy volunteers and 13 cases of surgical patients by high frequency color Doppler, and by making the comparison of the observation of perforating blood vessels during the surgery with that detected by color Doppler, statistic analysis had been conducted. Results All together 192 perforating arteries had been detected among 30 healthy people and 13 cases of patients, and among which 79.3% were myocutaneous perforator, 18.6% were septocutaneous perforator and 2.1% were direct cutaneous perforator. Perforating caliber was(1.02±0.41)mm;There was no statistic significance between left side and right side in mean flow rate of blood(P0.05), but there was statistic significance between males and females, with higher mean flow rate among males than females(P0.05). There was no statistic significance between color Doppler findings and surgical observations(P0.05). Frequency spectrum demonstration: forward wave in contraction period, extreme slow flow rate or without blood flow in diastole period with low speed and high resistance one-way spectrum. Conclusions High frequency color Doppler can directly observe lateral femoral circumflex artery, the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, as well as the characters of bigger perforating blood vessels in terms of number, caliber, structure of blood vessel wall, extending direction, distribution area, haemodynamics, blood vessel quality evaluation and body surface positioning. The perforating results in 13 cases of patients observed during surgeries are consistent with the detection by Doppler from perspective of perforating numbers, location and caliber. High frequency color Doppler provides direct evidence for clinical selection in advantage side of skin flap by precisely obtaining the information of perforating blood vessels at the ALTP donor site.


ABSTRACT A two-dimensional model taking into account the reciprocal effect of electric field on polarization as well as variation of the polarization from saturated to minor hysteresis loops is developed for polycrystalline Pb(ZrTi)O3(PZT) film, where ferroelectric PZT grains are separated by ultrathin semiconductor PbO interlayers. Using the model, it is shown that the depolarizing field, produced by uncompensated polarization charge, strongly depresses the polarization not only on grain boundaries but at appreciable distance inside the grain. The charged dopants in the film cannot suppress the depolarizing field. Instead, the dopants strengthen the coordinate dependency of the polarization along the grain.


The invention relates to a method for preparing a patterning nanofiber membrane by utilizing insulating receiving template static spinning. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) dissolving high polymer in a solvent, and stirring until the high polymer is completely dissolved, so as to obtain a spinning solution; and (2) carrying out static spinning on the spinning solution, and taking an insulating substance with a topological structure on the surface as a static spinning receiving device, so as to obtain the patterning nanofiber membrane. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the nanofiber membrane with various patterns can be prepared conveniently and quickly at low cost. Since the patterning nanofiber membrane obtained by the invention is accurate in pattern, controllable and good in repeatability, the patterning nanofiber membrane has good application prospect in the fields of industry and medicine, especially in the field of regenerative medicine based on tissue engineering.


DOI: https://doi.org/10.25073/0866-773X/491 T article describes and analyzes cultural values of Thai people in Muong Lo, Nghia Lo town, Yen Bai province for tourism and the impact of tourism activities on those cultural values. Thereby identifying Thai cultural values in the current tourism development in Muong Lo.


The present invention relates to a preparation method of silver paste suitable to print on a silicon nitride substrate in a silk screen printing manner. The preparation method comprises: firstly, mixing and stirring silver nitrate, deionized water and concentrated aqueous ammonia which are used as raw materials to prepare silver ammonia solution; then mixing and stirring polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), ammonium hydroxide and deionized water to prepare reaction liquid; finally, mixing the two types of solution, and adding sodium borohydride solution with an appropriate concentration to obtain nano silver; and adding epoxy resin, terpineol, span 85, ethyl cellulose, lead oxide, glass powder and the like into the nano silver, and thoroughly mixing to obtain the nano silver paste. The nano silver paste can be printed into lines on the silicon nitride substrate in a silk screen printing manner, then high-temperature annealing is performed to enable the silver paste to penetrate a silicon nitride layer to form the ohmic contact with a silicon substrate. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, low in energy consumption, and easy in industrialization.


Turnip juice and several other plant materials exert what appears to be a strong tropic attraction on the germinating spores of Rhizopus nigricans when tested on the type of experimental plates used in this and earlier studies. However, evidence is presented which demonstrates that the plant juices do not exercise a direct tropic action on the mold. It is suggested that these materials function by inactivating the staling substance (a negative tropic agent which is a normal product of the mold's metabolism).


This paper aims to explore how the standard operating procedures for demotion in two education units, located in different cities, but in the same province in Indonesia, are implemented. This method is a quantitative method with two units of education from Batu city, Malang and Surabaya. The questionnaires method has been adopted for data collection, and smartPLS has been used for analysis. The study examines two educational institutions that share a consistent policy on demotion. Two leaders in the education units have understood the policies made by their respective education providers. However, in its implementation, each of the leaders of the education unit has their own perceptions regarding communicating the policies of the education providers regarding demotion to their subordinates. The research in this paper takes place in the education unit, where subordinates respond in a collegial collective manner to the treatment of leaders of the education unit in implementing demotion policies. Subordinates remain committed to education providers in supporting the achievement of organisational goals.


This ethnographic study explores the phenomenon of citizen participation in the decision-making process of their local government. The researcher explored t his topic by observing the Dog Park Master Plan process conducted by the Parks and Recreat ion Department of the City and County of Denver from June 2009 through April 2011. The researcher attended and observed seven meetings of a citizens committe e convened by the Denver Parks and Recreation Department to act as a mini-public to test the elements of the Dog Park Master Plan before presenting the Plan to the publi c, and the three public meetings held to allow the public at large to comment on the Plan. The researcher conducted interviews with citizens and city staff involved in the proc ss. The researcher collected and analyzed textual artifacts generated in the pr ocess or related to it. Using these data sources the researcher constructed a narrative ethnogr ap y describing the Dog Park Master Plan process. In the chapter on the academic literature, the research explores the litera ture on democracy, public participation, and having voice in decision making, and uses it to explain what occurred in the process. The researcher concentrates on the pract ical applications of the ideals of democracy and public participation, and democratic participation as envisioned in the concept of having voice put forth by Cheney et al (1998) and Senecah (2004). The researcher also explores as part of having voice in decision-making the principles of representation arising from culture a nd communication iii (Alcoff, 1991) and political theory (Young, 2000), as well as procedural justice (Tyl r & Blader, 2000). From his observations the researcher has concluded that the Dog Park Master P lan process unfolded as a process in which the Denver Parks and Recreation Department sa w themselves as the experts on the matter, and so, conducted the process in such a way tha t the participation of the citizen committee and the public at large was to a large e xtent ignored. As would be predicted by the literature on public participation and procedural justice, this led to dissatisfaction with the process by the participants in it . The dissatisfaction with the process led a powerful interest group to intervene in t he approval and adoption process on the Plan through opaque methods (Harnik, 2000) to short circuit the process and prevent many of the Plan elements coming out of the process being included in the final Plan.


In the last four centuries there have been a number of cosmological and evolutionary insights which have informed our understanding of the architecture of the universe and life on earth. Nineteenth and twentieth century theories of evolution continued this speculative trend in relation to human evolution and emergence. Konstantin Khroutski's bio-cosmology paradigm offers a new insight into understanding biological and social processes. This paper provides a critical response of some areas of Khroutski's theory as well as will proposing new ways in which biocosmology can further contribute to evolutionary science.


Attempts to revive the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) have been unsuc-cessful mostly because of tense political relations among members. How-ever, some cooperation can be observed among Maghreb countries at a bi-lateral level. Tunisia and Morocco have made good progress in portinfrastructure and air traffic rights. The Tunisian project to build a deepwater port in Enfidha will complete the Tangiers-Med plan and establisha direct maritime link between Tunisia and Morocco. In November 2007the two countries signed an air traffic agreement to liberalize the carriageof passengers and cargo, and the Tunisian minister of transport has ex-pressed a willingness to extend the agreement to the rest of the AMU.


The views of 261 professionals attending 36 initial child protection conferences with parental participation were collected by means of a questionnaire. Overall, the professionals found the involvement of parents beneficial to the consideration of risk and the decision-making process, with some provisos. The data revealed that most of the negative responses arose from one third of the conferences, and that these conferences shared particular features relating to family profile and certain conference characteristics. The nature of the difficulties is identified and explored, especially with regard to the ambiguities and the uncertainties involved in risk assessments which contributed to the professionals, negative experiences, and which seemed to be heightened by the parents' presence.


it. In fact, video tape is recorded by the video camera which is settled on the AUV. Using these video tapes, we In this paper, we make an attempt to predict the location can know cable's status, and know whether the cable is in of a cable in next frame according to some parameters dangerous. in current frame. At first, the initial condition is that Developing with examination about the Underwater the approximate location of cable must be given. From Optical Cable Network, there are a lot of video tapes are Hough Transformation, a high accumulated degree point taken by the AUV's video camera. A useful automatic in ~~~~h Space is gotten. Aftemar&, by inverse ~~~~h algorithms which can recognize cable and find whether IPransfonnation, using that point, the location is detected the cable is in dangerous is required. This Paper shows and then cable is pointed out from its original image. a study on how to recognize an underwater cable effecBased on the actual working conditions and perfor- tively by means of time sequence of limited parameter mance indices, as well as the location in current frame, using HOugh Transformation. the maximum mnge of degree within which the cable maybe occurred in next frame with high possibility is evaluated. firthemore, a narrower mnge of location in next frame 2 Normalized Distribution is confinned according to the speed of robot. It is this nar


ABSTRACT: The umbilical vein provides the majority of hepatic blood flow during fetal life. After birth, liver blood flow is derived from the hepatic artery and portal vein, but ductus venosus patency can alter portal venous blood flow to the liver. To characterize changes in hepatic blood flow and oxygen metabolism in the immediate perinatal period, we studied liver and ductus venosus blood flow in seven fetal sheep before and after birth using the radionuclidelabeled microsphere method. Hepatic blood flow fell from 423 ± 117 (mean ± SD) mL/min/100 g liver in the fetus to 144 ± 73 by 2 h after delivery. Although portal venous blood flow increased progressively from 2 to 10 h (137 ± 48 to 305 ± 140 mL/min/100 g), because of increasing ductus venosus shunt flow, total hepatic blood flow did not change. Hepatic arterial flow was 46 ± 24 mL/min/100 g at 2 h, providing 35% of total hepatic blood flow, and did not change over the next 8 h. Hepatic oxygen delivery fell after birth from 58 ± 25 mL/min/100 g liver in the fetus to 21 ± 11 at 2 h and then remained constant. Hepatic oxygen consumption was 7.3 ± 2.6 mL/min/100 g liver in the fetus and ranged from 3.2 ± 1.5 to 4.1± 1.8 mL/min/ 100 g liver during the 10 h after birth. Loss of the umbilical- placental circulation at birth substantially reduces hepatic blood flow. Hepatic arterial flow does not increase to compensate for decreases in total hepatic blood flow. The persistent ductus venosus shunt compromises portal venous supply to the liver. Hepatic oxygen extraction increases after birth, but is not adequate to maintain hepatic oxygen consumption at prenatal levels.


Blast disease (caused by ) has long been known as a serious problem for up rice. Now, it also Pyricularia grisea land attacks lowland rice. However, the mechanism facilitating this range expansion is still unknown. One option is to insert a marker into so that it can be used to monitor the spread of infection. ( P. grisea P. grisea S sGFP erin Green Fluorescent Protein ) gene of the study of has been used to monitor gene expression specific tagged proteins for fungal cell. genome of dc 4 from In this study, the gene has been integrated into the The sGFP igitaria c . P. grisea D iliaris p using the lasmid was introduced into triparental mating method (TPM). Genetic transformation sGFP A. tumefaciens was performed by co-cultivating spore dc4 with LBA4404–pCAMB-s . dc4 s of The P. grisea A. tumefaciens GFP P grisea . transformant was selected by using selection medium 300 μg/m hygromycin. The integration of a containing L of the the the c the sGFP sGFP sGFP gene into genome was confirmed by PCR using 's spe ific primer pair, -Nos terminator primer pair and -Tubulin primer pair as internal control. Expression of from the an the gene the β sGFP P. grisea dc4 transformant w detected with blue light fluorescent microscop as y.