Lauren Chanel Allen, a 22-year-old Christian graduate student at Howard University, struggled with mental illness for years. Like so many blacks, Lauren expected her faith to serve an elixir for her problems, including depression. However, her prayers were not sufficient. When she was unable to find solace in the church, she sought out an alternative source: the music of Kanye West. She shared her story in a 2016 article, "How An Ultralight Beam Helped My Dark Depression," which she published in Abernathy magazine. Lauren's story speaks to the disconnect that many millennials have with the church. Nowhere in her article did she use the word – therapy – or mention seeking professional help for her condition. Lauren's avoidance of medical specialists speaks to broader issues in the African American community related to mental illness. This article addresses the following questions: Why do some blacks place more faith in their churches than professional therapy to address their mental health concerns? How does the church's inability to properly address mental illness contribute to the fact that some black millennials find more solace in Hip Hop than in the church when they experience suffering? What do black pastors think about millennials turning to Hip Hop and rappers like Kanye West for comfort instead of the church? How much reliance should black millennials who are struggling with their mental health place in their faith in Hip Hop musicians such as Kanye West that uplift their spirits? 2 Journal of Hip Hop Studies, Vol. 6 [2019], Iss. 1, Art. 14 https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/jhhs/vol6/iss1/14 VOLUME 6 ISSUE 1 107 Lauren Chanel Allen was a doctoral student studying Social Psychology at Howard University as tensions began to rise in Ferguson, Missouri, following the death of Michael Brown. Brown's death and other tragic losses in her life caused Lauren to experience renewed bouts of depression and suicidal thoughts. Lauren had grown up in the church and could always find solace in her faith. She wore T-shirts proclaiming "Jesus Is My Homeboy" throughout high school and joined a Christian student organization in college. However, as the dark clouds formed around her, the 22-year-old graduate student no longer felt the same support from the church. She shared her story in a 2016 article, "How An Ultralight Beam Helped My Dark Depression," which she published in Abernathy magazine. Lauren recalled, I worried I lost my faith over the past years. I would pray and for the first time in life, I felt as though I was talking to the ceiling... One suicidal period and a hospital stay later, Ferguson happened.... Just when I got the strength to take back my life, cops were taking Black lives... So yeah. I lost my faith...1 Lauren says that amid her storm, it was not prayer or a pastor's words that gave her the strength needed to heal her troubled mind. On the contrary, it was Hip Hop that saved her life. It was the music of Kanye West and the performance of his gospel-infused song "Ultralight Beam" on Saturday Night Live that saved the day. She explained: When times get hard, we defer to our faith. Or we used to... More and more millennials lack a belief in a higher power because we're stifled when we enter the sanctuary... We're told to become completely different. To hide our true selves. Don't curse. Don't party. Don't wear that. Even how we praise is under scrutiny. But this "Ultralight Beam" performance had Negroes dabbing in the choir, leaning and snapping, milly rocking on the SNL block, and unapologetically so... This is a God dream. This is everything.2 Lauren's article intrigued me for several reasons. In 2015, my pastor tasked me with overseeing a new Young Adult Ministry for individuals between the ages of 18 and 40. One of my initial tasks was to explore why millennials felt disconnected from the church so that the church could find ways to reach them. Like so many blacks, Lauren expected her faith to serve as an elixir for her problems, including depression. However, her prayers were not sufficient. When she was unable to find solace in the church, she sought out an alternative source: the music of Kanye West. Perhaps she felt that the church elders would have been too judgmental of her condition since they were already judging her on far less critical matters. Or maybe their prayers rang hollow in her ears. Lauren's article speaks to that disconnect some millennials are facing. What I also found interesting was her commentary on mental illness. Nowhere in her article did she use the word—therapy—or mention seeking professional help for her condition. Lauren's 1 Lauren Chanel Allen, "How an Ultralight Beam Helped My Dark Depression," Abernathy, May 13, 2015, accessed November 20, 2016, https://abernathymagazine.com/ultralight-beam-helped-darkdepression/. 2 Allen, "How an Ultralight Beam Helped My Dark Depression." 3 Wright: For Colored Girls and Boys Who Have Considered Suicide/ When Pray Published by VCU Scholars Compass, 2019 VOLUME 6 ISSUE 1 108 avoidance of medical specialists, at the time, speaks to broader issues in the African American community related to mental illness. This article addresses the following questions: Why do some blacks place more faith in their churches than professional therapy to address their mental health concerns? How does the church's inability to properly treat mental illness contribute to the fact that some black millennials find more solace in Hip Hop than in the church when they experience suffering? What do black pastors think about millennials turning to Hip Hop and rappers like Kanye West for comfort instead of the church? How much reliance should black millennials who are struggling with their mental health place in their faith or in Hip Hop musicians that uplift their spirits? A Cure for Wellness: Diagnosing Black Mental Health King Davis, a professor at the University of Texas at Austin, has been conducting groundbreaking research projects on the history of mental illness in the AfricanAmerican community for years.3 According to Davis, the common belief in colonial-era medical schools was that only wealthy whites experienced mental illness due to their stressful lifestyles. On June 7, 1870, the Central Lunatic Asylum was opened in Virginia to treat blacks labeled mentally insane. A similar hospital was opened in Crownsville, Maryland, in 1911. The black patients in Crownsville were forced to participate in "industrial therapy," which meant working in the tobacco fields, basket weaving, and other forms of agricultural labor. They were also given "hydrotherapy," a practice of placing patients in ice-cold tubs. It was believed that this treatment was not only therapeutic, but also helped to uplift the race. 4 Racist attitudes often tainted the diagnoses of black patients in the 19th and early 20th century. In addition to manic episodes and depression, blacks could be committed to mental asylums for religious excitement, unhappy marriages, idiocy, masturbation, talking back to white superiors, criminal deviance, and freedom.5 Physician Samuel A. Cartwright coined the Greek-derived phrase "Drapetomania," in 1851, to refer to a mental illness that caused slaves to run away from their plantations or seek freedom.6 In his book Sick from Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering during the Civil War and Reconstruction (2012), Jim Downs documents the number of diagnosed cases of newly 3 In his 2016 paper, "Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane 1865-1900: The First 50,000 Admissions," King Davis presents an overview of the earliest recorded cases of blacks with mental illness. 4 Ayah Nuriddin, a doctoral student at Johns Hopkins University, presented the following paper at the 100th annual meeting of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History: "'Something Needed to be Done for the Black Patients': Integrating the Crownsville State Hospital, 19451970." 5 King Davis was a panelist in a session on African Americans and Mental Health Issues at the annual meeting of ASALH in Richmond, VA on October 6, 2016. 6 Kevin White, An Introduction to the Sociology of Health and Mental Illness (Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE, 2002), 41–42. 4 Journal of Hip Hop Studies, Vol. 6 [2019], Iss. 1, Art. 14 https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/jhhs/vol6/iss1/14 VOLUME 6 ISSUE 1 109 freed blacks who experienced a host of sicknesses.7 Consequently, black families and individuals developed a distrust of psychiatrists causing mental health to become a stigmatized topic in African-American households and institutions. Today, even though mental health assistance is more readily available, research indicates that many blacks still feel uncomfortable with the idea of therapy. Keli Goff reports that many black men and women do not seek professional medical attention due to a stigma, lack of insurance, a distrust of doctors, and the belief that blacks are naturally better equipped to handle emotional pain because our ancestors endured slavery and Jim Crow. On the FOX series Empire (2015 -) the eldest son of the fictional Lyon family, Andre (Trai Byers), is suffering from bipolar disorder. His mother Cookie (Taraji P. Henson) derides mental illness as a white person's disease. In his 2016 action-comedy film Central Intelligence comedian Kevin Hart says black families do not seek professional treatment, they simply go to the barbershop. Psychology Today notes that black men are less likely to seek treatment than black women and white men.8 Some use drugs to help them cope. "Niggas ain't Molly Percocets cuz it's all good. ... that's why we see people overdosing on the lean, Xanax and heroin because they're self-medicating," says Vic Mensa.9 "A lot of people are going through trauma and are too embarrassed to get help," adds Jay-Z.10 Mental Illness and the Souls of Black Folk: Prayer v. Therapy A large number of black Christians believe that prayer is all they need to cure their me


Millenary genre, the paradoxical eulogy is, in the sixteenth century, an important topos where appears the expression of humanistic comic. Nevertheless, rabelais seems to be the only author of his time who could incorporate the cosmic perception of the world in his paradoxical eulogies. We first tried to understand them in the intellectual and literary context. Therefore, the chapter i of our thesis aims at giving a general outline of the subject, namely comic (paradoxical eulogy) and cosmic (the vision of the world) proper to the renaissance. The chapter ii constitutes the examination of three rabelaisian eulogies - eulogy debt in the tiers livre, those of pantagruelion and gaster in the quart livre - with a view to throwing a new light upon rabelais' originality, that resides in the interference of comic and of cosmic.


The aim of the study is to develop theoretical foundations for creating an intelligent adaptive technology for complex objects control based on a unified artificial immune system (created on the basis of modified algorithms of artificial immune systems) using the principles of immunological homeostasis for industrial oil and gas processing enterprises, taking into account modern industrial equipment. The scientific significance and main development trends, problems and requirements for the development of such intelligent systems are considered. Information about the creation of the theory of homeostasis is given, types of homeostasis and properties of homeostatic systems are considered. The conditions for the transformation of AIS models for oil and gas industry objects are developed, taking into account modern microprocessor technology. The main stages of the developed technology and the practical value of the results obtained are described. The effectiveness of modified AIS algorithms based on the area of homeostasis was evaluated.


Hemangiopericytomas of the sinonasal cavity are relatively rare tumors. Most of them are essentially benign though malignant potential and metastasis to distant sites has also been reported. Treatment options usually involve external approaches. We hereby discuss the combined endoscopic and transoral approach to these tumors.


Electromigration (EM) and stress-induced voiding have become significant in recent LSI interconnections due to the increase in current density and residual stress (Nemoto et al., 2006). Many works have been carried out to clarify the relationship between EM and residual stress (Gungor et al., 1998). The present authors have reported the numerical analysis of vacancy transport based upon the mass balance equation (Nemoto, 2006). This paper concludes that the behavior of vacancy transport by EM is influenced by residual stress. In this paper, an equation for vacancy transport is proposed to include the effect of residual stress. A computer-aided simulation and an in-situ observation test are conducted to discuss the quantitative relationship between current density and residual stress.


East Mereenie 35 was sidetracked at 1243 metres after the drill pipe twisted off. The well was initially renamed East Mereenie 35 ST1 but is now referred to as East Mereenie 35 by Santos because only minimal hole was redrilled.


In 1976 Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Ltd (VSEL) commenced preliminary design studies on the prototype machinery and installation to be used for test and evaluation of a new design of nuclear power plant for submarines: the installation to be at the Vulcan Naval Reactor Test Establishment, Dounreay, Caithness. Part of the studies indicated that the building method was a major factor as regards the overall cost and length of programme. There were major gains to be made if large units could be entirely fitted out in Barrow-in-Furness and shipped to site complete. The UK Ministry of Defence, however, as the ultimate customer was concerned in that there were risks to these large units whilst in transit and they required to be assured that these were minimal. It is not the intention in this paper to relate all the building sequences, transportation methods and alternative routes that were examined during the course of this study. Initially no acceptable solution could be found within agreed parameters, and VSEL were unable to make firm recommendations until 1980. The paper gives a brief description of the transport operation and details the methods employed and their associated problems.


Abstract The magnitudes of the two- and three-body energy terms and their contribution to the interaction energy are computed for different water trimer arrangements at the second- to the fourth-order many-body perturbation (MP2 and MP4) levels of theory. Configurations in which the water molecules act as proton donor-acceptors, double acceptors and double donors were considered. The energy separation between the 'cyclic' and 'open' water trimer minima was estimated at 4·2 kcal mot −1. Its origin was quantitatively accounted for in terms of the difference between the two- and three-body energy terms for the two configurations. We have found that the three-body term is attractive and accounts for 18% of the binding energy of the 'cyclic' trimer but its contribution is less significant (6%) and repulsive for the 'open' trimer. It is also repulsive but smaller (4%) for an intermediate trimer configuration which has the arrangement double acceptor, double donor, donor-acceptor for the three water molecules. M...


This note introduces a measure of parallelism for activity networks, and we suggest its relevance to concurrent engineering efforts. The importance of the ability to judge the degree of parallelism in a concurrent engineering project is discussed. Then, a brief review of the existing measures of parallelism is provided. Due to the drawbacks of some of these measures, a new measure, Omega, is introduced and its performance is compared to the other measures. The results indicate that Omega is an excellent measure of parallelism, particularly for application in concurrent engineering.


Technical Field The present invention relates to a coating, in particular, relates to an aqueous paint cracks and its preparation and application methods, the present invention comprises an aqueous primer and the aqueous crack crack topcoats, waterborne basecoat crack aliphatic polyurethane dispersion comprising an emulsion Ⅰ, antifoaming agents, substrate wetting agents, thickening agents, and water; the aqueous crack topcoat include aliphatic polyurethane dispersion ⅱ emulsion, an acrylic resin of high TG, antifoaming agents, substrate wetting agents, thickening agents, water and white pulp . Use of a specific high TG acrylic resin and aliphatic polyurethane dispersions of the present invention is an emulsion, the film formation can be, in the case of environmental protection without the addition of fillers, without the addition of film-forming aid; after the application, not only the need to decorate It is formed on the substrate surface cracks realistic beautiful decorative effect, but also has a protective and decorative effect to the substrate.


Objective:To investigate the application value of the 16-slice spiral CT angiography(SCTA) in the imaging diagnosis of aortic dissection.Methods:Pre-and post-contrast CT scanning with 16-slice spiral CT(SCT) of chest and abdomen were performed in 22 patients with aortic dissection.Post processing techniques including multi-planar reformation(MPR),maximum intensity projection(MIP),volume rendering(VR) and surface shaded display(SSD) were conducted for three-dimensional reconstruction.Results:The original axial images preserved the most reliable and fundamental information.The images obtained by different reformation and reconstruction techniques had different characteristics.The whole aorta and its branches in these 22 cases were displayed satisfactorily by 16-slice SCTA.Aortic dissection was assessed in 22 cases,with true and false lumen(22 cases,100%),intimal flaps(22 cases,100%),entry of intimal tear(17 cases,77.3%) and thrombosed false lumen(9 cases,41%).Conclusion:16-slice SCT angiography can fully display the anatomic details of aortia,which is an accurate,faster and effective check method to diagnose aortic dissection.


Background Various modes of delivering cognitive remediation (CR) are effective, but there have been few head-to-head trials of different approaches. This trial aimed to evaluate the relative effectiveness of two different programmes, Cognitive Compensatory Training (CCT) and Computerized Interactive Remediation of Cognition—Training for Schizophrenia (CIRCuiTs). Methods The study used a single-blind randomized, controlled trial to examine the efficacy and effectiveness of the two therapies. The study aimed to enroll 100 clinically stable patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years who had been diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Participants were randomized to either the CCT or CIRCuiTs therapy groups. The primary outcome measures were neurocognition using the Brief Assessment of Cognition Scale (BACS) and the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS). The secondary measure was functional outcomes using the Social Functioning Scale (SFS). Results There was no group difference in any of the outcome measures post-intervention or at follow-up. Both groups had a small improvement on their SSTICS scores between baseline (M = 30.52 and SD = 14.61) and post-intervention (M = 23.96 and SD = 10.92). Verbal memory scores as measured by list learning improved for both groups between baseline (z = −1.62) and 3-month follow-up (z = −1.03). Both groups improved on the token motor task between baseline (z = −1.38) and post-intervention (z = −0.69). Both groups had a decline in Symbol Coding scores between baseline (z = 0.05) and 3-month follow-up (z = −0.82). Discussion This underpowered study found no difference in effect between the two approaches studied. If future studies confirm this finding, then it has implications for services where cost and lack of computer technology could pose a barrier in addressing the cognitive domain of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The final sample size compromised the power of the study to conclusively determine a significant effect.


YERSINIOSIS is a significant cause of disease in goats, causing enterocolitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, septicaemia, placentitis/abortion and mastitis. It is also a zoonotic infection.

In 1983 in New Zealand, McSporran reported ulcerative conjunctivitis with swelling of the ipsilateral parotid


An issue in the determination of the direct component of solar radiation involving the circumsolar contribution in numerical weather prediction and climate models is discussed. The direct flux determined using the delta-Eddington approximation is assessed against observations. The results show that errors due to the use of the delta-scaling are much larger than errors if the circumsolar contribution is ignored. In order to include the scattering contribution in the direct flux calculation properly, a simple parameterization for dust aerosol is developed which can be used to consider the scattering contribution due to the particular case of dust aerosol to the direct solar radiation within the circumsolar region.


The invention relates to a platinum in-situ modified Ti /TiO2 photocatalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adopting glacial acetic acid and amide as solvents, adopting a metal lithium salt as an assistant, using titanium sheets as a titanium source, adding an ionic liquid serving as a structure directing agent, and adding a chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution in situ, so that Pt is reduced into Pt of different valence states under the reducible environment according to a solvent-thermal method, and the Pt of different valence states can be distributed from the interior to the exterior of TiO2 according to the sequence of Pt , Pt , Pt , Pt and Pt . Compared with the prior art, the platinum in-situ modified Ti /TiO2 photocatalyst as well as the preparation method and application have the advantages that all the related chemical reagents are common reagents, low in price and easy to obtain; the transmission of photo-generated electrons can be accelerated to achieve the effect of separating the photo-generated electrons from holes fast; the photocatalytic activity is improved.


Installation device flexible conduit or similar in nature tapware systems, comprising an accessory-base and at least one longitudinal cap, wherein the accessory-base at least one through hole, and wherein the cap two different ends, one being end and the drill enabled insertion of the end into the bore as male, and the other end being enabled for inserting a flexible conduit; presenting drill an annular housing with a ring-spring, and an annular end corresponding to the annular housing and having another annular groove where a rubber ring is a slot; presenting drill proportions for the tight passage of the end; such that the ring-spring is embedded in the annular groove, and the rubber ring fits snugly inside contour of the hole.


Simple Summary The intestinal microbiota produces essential products as well as forms a barrier against pathogens, which has an important impact on pig phenotypes. Recent studies mainly focused on the microbiota of the feces and worldwide farmed commercial pigs, while research on the microbiota of various intestinal sections and indigenous pig breeds is very limited. Laiwu pigs, a precious Chinese indigenous pig breed, are distinguished by their good meat quality, especially their high intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and they also have high resistance to certain infectious diseases. In recent years, people's demand for meat consumption has transformed from quantity to quality. In this study, intestinal microbiota in the six intestinal segments of Laiwu pigs and the worldwide farmed crossbred, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs were sequenced by 16S rRNA sequencing and comparatively analyzed to understand the composition and function of microbiota in each intestinal segment, and to explore the influence of intestinal microbiota to phenotypic traits, such as high IMF, high utilization rate of crude fiber, and strong tolerance of Laiwu pigs. This study can help us better understand the microbial characteristics of indigenous pigs and lay a foundation for the potential influence of the host's genetic background on variation in microbiota composition and diversity. Abstract Intestinal microbiota has an important impact on pig phenotypes. Previous studies mainly focused on the microbiota of feces and worldwide farmed commercial pigs, while research on the microbiota of various intestinal sections and indigenous pig breeds is very limited. This study aimed to characterize and compare the biogeography of intestinal microbiota in pigs of one Chinese indigenous breed and one commercial crossbred. In this study, we sequenced the microbiota of six intestinal segments in the grown-up pigs of a Chinese indigenous breed, Laiwu pigs, and the worldwide farmed crossbred Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs by 16S rRNA sequencing, characterized the biogeography of intestinal microbiota, and compared the compositional and functional differences between the two breeds. The results showed that there were obvious differences in microbial structure and abundance between the small and large intestines. Laiwu pigs had higher large intestinal diversity than DLY pigs, while DLY pigs had higher small intestinal diversity than Laiwu pigs. Moreover, some specific bacterial taxa and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were found to be related to the high fat deposition and good meat quality of Laiwu pigs and the high growth speed and lean meat rate of DLY pigs. This study provides an insight into the shifts in taxonomic composition, microbial diversity, and functional profile of intestinal microbiota in six intestinal segments of Laiwu and DLY pigs, which would be essential for exploring the potential influence of the host's genetic background on variation in microbiota composition and diversity.


Spray drying is an essential technique in particle engineering for obtaining high performance pharmaceutical products, namely, direct compressibles (for oral dosage forms) or respirable particles (for inhalation products). The process consists in the formation of a spray from a feed solution containing an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and excipients inside a chamber in which a stream of hot gas causes evaporation of the solvent and precipitation of the solids forming a particle. For the preparation of inhalation drug products, these solutions are usually dilute and since the atomization process depends on the properties of the liquid, the solvent becomes the determining factor for droplet size and distribution. However in oral applications, both API and excipients (particularly when polymers are used) alter the feed solution properties, particularly viscosity [1]. Despite these alterations, the major effect exerted on atomization is related with the solvent used. The work presented here considers an ultrasonic atomization process to produce droplets from several solvents that are used in spray drying. The ultrasonic nozzle is an atomization system with the ability to form large droplets for relatively small flow rates (<50 ml/min), being an ideal laboratorial/pilot scale atomizer for generating product with a particle size similar to the one obtained in commercial-scale spray dryers. The analysis is limited to solvents atomization without the API or any excipients (water, water/ethanol 10%w/w, water ethanol 20%w/w, acetone), in order to investigate the isolated effect of solvents properties on ultrasonic atomization, as well as the effects exerted by different flow rates.


In respect of such issues of using and managing the multimedia classroom,this essay discusses the design and realization of managing the multimedia classroom using campus IC card. The implement and application of this system is benifit to the scientific management of teaching process and makes the teaching runtime environment more perfect.


The umbilical cord (UC) represents the link between mother and fetus during pregnancy. The cord is not directly connected to the mother's circulatory system, instead joins the placenta, which transfers materials to and from the mother's blood without allowing direct mixing. The umbilical cord develops from extraembryonic mesoderm after the development of blastula and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois (and is therefore derived from the same zygote as the fetus). It forms by the fifth week of fetal development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the fetus [Moore, 1993]. The umbilical cord in a full term neonate, weighs around 40 g, its length reaches to approximately 60–65 cm, and it has a mean diameter of 1.5 to 2 cm at term [Raio, et al., 1999, Di Naro, et al., 2001]. This diameter decreases rapidly within the placenta. Vessels are normally organized as left spiral (counter clockwise) turns. In clinical practice, determining the ―umbilical coiling index‖ (number of complete coils divided by the length of the cord; average 0.24 coils per centimeter) may identify the fetus at risk [Peng, et al. 2006, Trevisanuto, et al. 2007].


Through analyzing errors of the length measurement system in which a linear time grating was the principal measuring component, we found that the study on the error law was very important to reduce system errors and optimize the system structure. Mainly error sources in the length measuring system, including the time grating sensor, slide way, and cantilever, were studied; and therefore total errors were obtained. Meanwhile we erected the mathematic model of errors of the length measurement system. Using the error model, we calibrated system errors being in the length measurement system. Also, we developed a set of experimental devices in which a laser interferometer was used to calibrate the length measurement system errors. After error calibrating, the accuracy of the measurement system was improved from original 36um/m to 14um/m. The fact that experiment results are consistent with the simulation results shows that the error mathematic model is suitable for the length measuring system.


New realization schemes of electronically tunable inductor (L) and Frequency-Dependent Negative Resistance (D) type immittances using a Current Feedback Amplifier (CFA) and Multiplication Mode Current Conveyor (MMCC) composite active building block (ABB) are proposed. Applications of the immittances to the design of selective filters and LC-type linear voltage controlled quadrature oscillator (LVCQO) are presented. Experimental results based on PSPICE simulation and hardware design for a linear range of oscillation frequency (fo ~ 13.6MHz) with satisfactory phase-noise figure on the oscillator wave response had been verified. Effects of the Active Building Block (ABB)-nodal imperfections are analyzed to be insignificant. The new ideas in this article are two types of immittance functions realizable in the same topology; appropriate frequency-domain selective responses are also presented with experimentation results.


1 Ornamental Plants and Landscape Gardening Research Dept. Horticultural Research Institute, Giza, Egypt. 2 Ornamental Plants and Landscape Gardening Research Dept. Antoniades Botanical Garden, Horticultural Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt. Received September 4, 2016, Accepted September 27, 2016 ABSTRACT A pot experiment was conducted on statice (Limonium sinuatum, L.) P. Mill. cv "Sunday Lavander" throughout the two successive growth seasons (2013/2014) and (2014/2015) in El-Zuhrya Botanical Garden, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Egypt to study the effect of Humic acid foliar spray (25% w/v) applied at three different doses of application (5 .0 , 10.0 , 15 cm/plant) on vegetative growth, flowering and mineral contents of statice leaves. The foliar spray was applied at either 15 day or 30 day intervals. All statice plants received the recommended NPK fertilization doses except for the unfertilized plants which did not receive any fertilizers. The results indicated that all Humic acid treatments resulted in considerable significant increases on all studied vegetative growth and flowering parameters compared with the control. The results revealed that applying 5 cm foliar humic acid at 30day intervals gave the tallest plant height in both seasons. The plants received 15cm humic acid at 30-day intervals, gave the highest significant values of leaf number per plant, leaf area, number of branches per plant and fresh and dry weights of leaves compared with the control. While, the highest significant values of stem diameter were observed after treatment with 10 cm humic at 30-day intervals in both seasons. Whereas, the highest significant values of stem fresh and dry weights were observed after treatment with 15 cm humic at 15day intervals. Regarding the effect of Humic acid treatment on flowering parameters. The highest number of stalks per plant was detected after treatment with 15 cm humic acid at 15-day.While the highest recorded stalk length values were detected after treatment with 15 cm humic acid at 30-day intervals. Whereas, the highest number of florets per flowering stalk and the highest significant values of dry weight of florets per flowering stalk were detected after treatment with 10 cm humic acid at 30-day intervals. Also, the results indicated that treatment with 15 cm humic acid at 15-day intervals gave the highest significant values of root dry weight. As for the effect of Humic acid application on leaf chlorophyll content and nutrients uptake in leaves, the results revealed that the highest significant values of leaf chlorophyll content and leaf NPK contents were recorded after treatment with 15 cm humic acid at 15-day intervals.


Summary 1. In this journal 35 years ago, P. H. Leslie, T. Park and D. B. Mertz reported competitive exclusion data for two Tribolium species. It is less well-known that they also reported 'difficult to interpret' coexistence data. We suggest that the species exclusion and the species coexistence are consequences of a stable coexistence two-cycle in the presence of two stable competitive exclusion equilibria. 2. A stage-structured insect population model for two interacting species forecasts that as interspecific interaction is increased there occurs a sequence of dynamic changes (bifurcations) in which the classic Lotka‐Volterra-type scenario with two stable competitive exclusion equilibria is altered abruptly to a novel scenario with three locally stable entities; namely, two competitive exclusion equilibria and a stable coexistence cycle. This scenario is novel in that it predicts the competitive coexistence of two nearly identical species on a single limiting resource and does so under circumstances of increased interspecific competition. This prediction is in contradiction to classical tenets of competition theory.


Visualization of growth and movement/extinction in the generation of water droplets on a gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a very powerful tool for studying water management in PEFC. Observations of two-phase flow in the cathode flow field through a transparent end plate were carried out under various real-world operating conditions. Even under standard operating conditions, many water droplets were observed not only in the exit area, but also in the central area of the flow field, depending on the cathode gas utilization ratio. In contrast, under the same conditions, water droplets were not observed in the anode flow field. The shapes of the observed water droplets were of several types that are characteristic to two-phase flow.


In this essay we discuss an interesting recent development in semiclv~sica] gravity. Using an improved Born-Oppenheimer approximation, the eerniclvssical reduction of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation turns out to give important insights into the nature and the level of validity of the semiclassical Einstein equations (SCEE). Back reactions from the quantized matter fields in SCEE are shown to be completely determined by adiabatically induced geometric U(N) gauge potentials. The finite energy from the vacuum polarization, in particular, is found to be intimately related to the 'magnetic' type geometric gauge potential. As a result the vacuum energy in a universe emerging from a 'source-free' fiat simply-connected superspace is gauge equivalent to zero, leading to some dramatic consequences.


Based on the history and the actuality of E-business development,this paper expatiates on the main contents and the tendencies of new generation E-business,and according to the direction and the actuality of IT development ,concludes the main techniques concerned in the construction of new generation E-business,and gives some suggestions about how to develop new generation E-business in China.


Abstract Through geochemical analysis on cuticles of the Jurassic fossil Solenites murrayana L. et H. from the Yaojie Coalfield in Lanzhou, northwest China, and by comparison of geochemical features with its nearest living equivalent, Ginkgo biloba, we show that the characteristics of organic matter of the fossil plant cuticles accord with evolutionary features of asphalt in oil formation. The content analysis of organic matter indicates that the geochemistry is equivalent to rotten mud-sapropel humus types from Mesozoic and Cenozoic source rock in China. Some analysis data of organic matter indicate that Solenites murrayana cuticles are in a low mature stage, which coincides with the hydrocarbon generation model of cutinite in coal. Moreover, distribution features of soluble organic matter or cuticles show that fossil plant cuticles have a definite action in forming terrestrial high-wax oil, which has testified the contribution of high plants to waxness. The present study proves that Ginkgophytes abundan...


The study of index for oral hygiene has been performed by Fedorova-Volodkina and Green-Vermillion methods in patients with malocclusion before fixation, after 1 week and 1 month after the fixation of braces. All patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1: patients who used individually developed algorithm of oral hygiene and tooth brushing by a mechanical toothbrush group 2: patients who used individually developed algorithm of oral hygiene and tooth brushing by electric toothbrush with a nozzle round group 3: patients, who used publicly available information about the methods and techniques of oral hygiene. Development of an individual algorithm of oral hygiene is an important step in optimizing individual oral hygiene in patients with braces.


The noise radiated by the rotary compressor for a room air-conditioner was investigated experimentally. Noise characteristics and structural eigen modes of the compressor were identified through sound tests and modal tests each other. From these tests. we found that the accumulator has a big contribution to the noise radiation. So, various structural modifications for the accumulator were performed and these modification methods were found efficient to the noise reduction from verification tests.


In this paper, we analyze the robustness of the parameter inversion provided by general polarimetric model-based decomposition methods from the perspective of a quantitative application. The general model and algorithm we have studied is the method proposed recently by Chen et al., which makes use of the complete polarimetric information and outperforms traditional decomposition methods in terms of feature extraction from land covers. Nevertheless, a quantitative analysis on the retrieved parameters from that approach suggests that further investigations are required in order to fully confirm the links between a physically-based model (i.e., approaches derived from the Freeman–Durden concept) and its outputs as intermediate products before any biophysical parameter retrieval is addressed. To this aim, we propose some modifications on the optimization algorithm employed for model inversion, including redefined boundary conditions, transformation of variables, and a different strategy for values initialization. A number of Monte Carlo simulation tests for typical scenarios are carried out and show that the parameter estimation accuracy of the proposed method is significantly increased with respect to the original implementation. Fully polarimetric airborne datasets at L-band acquired by German Aerospace Center's (DLR's) experimental synthetic aperture radar (E-SAR) system were also used for testing purposes. The results show different qualitative descriptions of the same cover from six different model-based methods. According to the Bragg coefficient ratio (i.e., β ), they are prone to provide wrong numerical inversion results, which could prevent any subsequent quantitative characterization of specific areas in the scene. Besides the particular improvements proposed over an existing polarimetric inversion method, this paper is aimed at pointing out the necessity of checking quantitatively the accuracy of model-based PolSAR techniques for a reliable physical description of land covers beyond their proven utility for qualitative features extraction.


Scale morphology is importance in fish taxonomy today. Scale ultrastructure of Cuning fish (Caesio cuning) from Padang Waters, Pasir Kandang, Padang West Sumatera was studied using desktop scanning electron microscope (D-SEM Phenom Pro-X) since 2 January-27 February 2014. Scale as object research from below dorsal fins and lateral line region were removed. Scales was cleaned by water and dried naturally were prepare for the dekstop scanning electron microscope technique. The type scales of Cuning fish is ctenoid. Variations are found in components of scale morphology of this fish in diffrent body parts (below dorsal fins and lateral line position). Focus observation is located anterior, and central of the scales. Radii are found only on the anterior part of scale. Primary radii is more tertiary radii. These radii is divided of the anterior part of scale into few region and thus the scale have been sectioned. Lobes of anterior is diffrent . Inter circular is without granules and like straight of curve line is observed in some circuli. Lepidont form is diffrent, when we observed in below dorsal ins and lateral line position. Arrangement cteni of the scales in this fish could be used important for taxonomic characters.


The teaching of culture in English class for English majors in the first two years is discussed theoretically.The significance and importance of the teaching of culture is stated.Based on the practice of the course Integrated English,with specific cases in class,it is discussed how to teach culture in the basic period of English major,so as to improve English and achieve the goal of appropriateness in communication.


The marine controlled-source electromagnetic method has become a popular technique for mapping the electrical resistivity structure of the seafloor. Electromagnetic fields, produced by an electric dipole transmitter, diffuse through the earth and are recorded on the seabed by nodal or cable based electric dipole receivers. Accurate information on transmitter and receiver geometry is extremely important for proper interpretation; errors in the position and orientation of the transmitter and/or the receivers propagate into errors in the predicted seafloor resistivity. In this paper we consider the special situation where a receiver cable is towed in the vicinity of a transmitter which is located on the seafloor with a known position and orientation. We examine the log-differentiated step response of this system for a selection of one, two, and three dimensional models, and show that while the electromagnetic field recorded at early times contains information about the subsurface resistivity, the late time decay of this pseudo-impulse response is only a function of geometry for all the models we consider. In fact, the shape of this late time decay is almost exactly the same as that of a dipole in a wholespace having the same resistivity as seawater. This shows that late time information can be used to determine the position of the receiver cable, while early time information can be used to determine the resistivity structure of the seafloor.


Levels of immunoglobulins and certain specific antibodies were studied in 12 regular blood donors and 13 controls. Although the mean of every immunoglobulin class was lower in regular blood donors than in controls, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. No significant differences between the two groups were seen in regard to levels of hemagglutinationinhibiting antibociies against rubella and parotitis, and complement fixing antibodies against adenovirus, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, and measles. Minute or moderate loss of antibodies, even though repeated every month or every second month over a period of 20 to 90 years, as in regular blood donation, does not significantly affect the s e r u m levels of these antibodies.


Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western World, accounting for about 30% of adult leukemia, and it is characterized by the clonal expansion and accumulation of mature CD19+/CD5+/CD23+ B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and secondary lymphoid organs. Despite their apparent longevity in patients, in vitro CLL leukemic B cells rapidly undergo spontaneous apoptosis. The selective survival advantage is due both to intrinsic defects on apoptosis mechanism and to signals delivered by accessory cells at the active site of the disease. Previous studies demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), derived from bone marrow, and CD68+ nurse-like cells, derived from peripheral blood, are involved in CLL clone longevity and migration, suggesting a crucial role of MSCs on favouring disease progression.
Therefore, in this thesis we evaluated the effect of MSCs, the main stromal population in the bone marrow of CLL patients, on the survival of leukemic B cells and their role in drug resistance.
MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of 46 CLL patients; their immunophenotypic characterization was based on the expression of CD105, CD73 and CD90 and the negativity of CD14, CD34, CD45 and CD31. Co-culturing MSCs and CLL B cells, we confirmed that MSCs are able to support malignant B cell survival, providing an in vitro culture system that closely approximates CLL microenvironment in vivo. We observed that different leukemic clones demonstrated a large variety in the pro-survival effect. Evaluating the cleavage pattern of PARP, we revealed two subsets of CLL clones with different sensitivity to MSCs pro-survival signals. Our results indicate that both cell-cell contact and soluble molecules are actors in the relationship between malignant B cells and the MSCs, promoting CLL B cell survival and migration.
Later, we evaluated the role of the MSCs on CLL B cells during the most common cytotoxic therapy used in clinical practice. Our data demonstrate that MSCs are able to protect leukemic B cells from apoptosis during Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide treatment, both in vitro and in vivo. We tested MSCs protective role also during CLL B cells treatment with Ibrutinib, a novel inhibitor of Btk involved in the BCR signaling pathway, and we found that the treatment counteracts the MSC pro-survival effect. To better understand the effect of Ibrutinib on the cross-talk between CLL B cells and MSCs, we evaluated its role on leukemic B cell migration, also analyzing the expression levels of CCR7 and CXCR4, two chemokine receptors that are central in the homing of the neoplastic clone. We demonstrated that malignant B cell migration is not significantly affected by the Btk inhibitor; since cell-cell contact with MSC is crucial for CLL B cell survival, we analyzed the adhesion of leukemic B cells to MSCs after treatment with Ibrutinib. We found a significant reduction in leukemic B cells and MSCs interactions mediated by the CD49d integrin.
In this thesis, we demonstrate that MSCs enhance the survival of leukemic B cells through the release of soluble factors and cell-cell direct contact and that each CLL clone reveals a peculiar response to the anti-apoptotic signals delivered by MSCs. These observations could be relevant to identify patients more responsive to druggable targets on marrow microenvironment and also to find putative new strategies for CLL therapy. A better understanding on the complexity of the cross-talk between CLL cells and their microenvironment during CLL therapy could also help to define mechanisms of drug resistance and treatment failure, as well to plan randomized clinical trials comparing new compounds and their combinations with standard chemo-immunotherapy.


This report presents both survey results and field data analysis investigating information needs for motor carrier logistics. Relevant research in the area of estimating travel time characteristics is also provided. Survey results of trucking companies and professionals are given. Although the sample size is low, useful insight was obtained from survey respondents and is discussed. Methodologies for estimating corridor travel time mean and variance from field data collection at 2 test sites are included. Estimates using ITS data are compared to simultaneous instrumented test vehicle and commercial vehicle travel time data. A procedure was outlined for using the loess nonparametric statistical technique to obtain corridor travel time mean and variance estimates from each ITS data source and from commercial and instrumented test vehicles. The estimates from each data source were then aggregated to 5 min, and the ITS data source estimates were compared to commercial vehicle and instrumented test vehicle corridor travel time estimates. In addition, a methodology for testing the accuracy of instrumented test vehicle drivers along a corridor was developed. The research shows that commercial vehicles have statistically different travel time mean and standard deviation than AVI-equipped vehicles, suggesting that it may be beneficial to provide traveler information in real-time for commercial vehicles.


Microstructural changes induced by prolonged heat treatment of La1.8Sr0.2CuO4-δ are reported. Experimental evidence of the formation of an impurity phase during sintering of La1.8Sr0.2CuO4-δ is presented.


The purpose of the study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo sub-acute toxicity of conditioned medium obtained from rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells directed to osteogenic differentiation. Material and methods. Conditioned medium was obtained by culturing rat bone marrow-derived MSCs induced under osteogenic condition. Results and discussion. Conditioned medium from rat bone marrow-derived MSCs was shown to have no significant cytotoxic effect on Ehrlich adenocarcinoma cell culture and in vitro expanded peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. The use of MSC-CM did not have a significant effect on the state of experimental SD rats, the total body weight and growth rate of animals. A pathomorphologic study revealed no any abnormalities associated with MSC-CM injection. Conclusion. The use of conditioned medium from rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells stimulated under osteogenic condition was found to be safe for both in vitro studies (with respect to Ehrlich adenocarcinoma cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors) and in vivo studies (injection of MSC-CM to animals).


The authors present a fast moment-based method for locating an edge with a subpixel accuracy. The operator is suited to precision measurement of metal parts in a reasonable time period. The algorithm will not give wrong information even though there is no edge under the mask. A one-dimensional edge model is analyzed to find a method for edge detection with subpixel accuracy. The results are used to build the two-dimensional operator. The accuracy of the detector was tested under different noise conditions and is compared with that of other moment-based edge detectors.<<ETX>>


The purpose of the investigation was to study the behavior of mechanically activated fly ash filler containing carbon in a polymer matrix of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). By means of the methods of optical and electron microscopy the change of physical and chemical properties of fly ash after intensive grinding in planetary mills of centrifugal type was considered. The research showed that mechanically activated filler, in contrast to its non-activated analog, structures the polymer matrix and provides improving the characteristics of the composite material.


A radiology image management network connects together imaging equipment, display workstations, hardcopy units, electronic archiving systems, and department information management systems. The imaging equipment is connected to the network through image acquisition nodes. Image data is transmitted using a local area network. Images are displayed and manipulated on gray scale display workstations. Image data is stored at archiving nodes. Desired recordings of the image data are generated at hardcopy nodes. Patient data is acquired from the department or hospital information management system using gateways.


PURPOSE: A dental implant and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to obtain initial stability after transplanting an implant. CONSTITUTION: A dental implant comprises an osteoclast activity inhibitor coating film which is formed on the surface of a dental implant and promotes the initial stability and bonding power between an implant and bone. An osteoclast activity inhibitor is emitted from a coating film around alveolar bone. The emitted osteoclast activity inhibitor increases the initial stability of the implant by adjusting initial bone remodeling of the interface between an implant and bone. [Reference numerals] (AA) Hydrophobic surface; (BB) Surface hydrophilicity by plasma and ultraviolet pretreatment; (CC,DD) Existing bone; (EE) Coating implant with osteoclast activity inhibitor; (FF) Applying osteoclast activity inhibitor to existing bone


Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com (Figure 1), and cells with intermediate features are frequently present in the intervening zones. Neoplastic cells are organized in a solid, nested or reticular growth pattern and foci of collagenous or mixoid stroma is commonly observed.2,3 The presence of necrosis and/or a high mitotic activity are clues for the diagnosis of malignant myoepitheliomas.4 In some myoepithelial carcinomas (MECa), the cells focally have a sheet-like architecture and round cell morphology, which can create problems in differential diagnosis, particularly in the pediatric population.5 When the stromal component shows histological features of malignancy, typically osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma, we talk of 'myoepithelial carcinoma with heterologous (osteo) sarcomatous differentiation' or 'malignant mixed tumor.5‒8


In the calculation or certification of the matrix, it often thinks of order one matrix as a real number. However, there is no strict proof of that in the algebra textbooks.This paper gives the proof of the identity between order one matrix and the real number from the angle of the equivalence relationship.


The method of ontological designing of complex objects in an organized and socioeconomic activity is proposed. It has a practical application in the activities of air transport complexes. To meet the challenge of the development monitored metrics objects we completed an analysis of the main provisions of measure theory, logic and philosophy. The method was used to develop shell expert and automated decision-making systems for human resources management, social groups and organizations.


By specifying a generator for uniformly distributed integers, and eschewing machine-dependent real-to-integer conversions, the alias method is transformed into an algorithm for pseudo-random numbers with an arbitrary discrete distribution that delivers identical results on any computer whose FORTRAN accomodates actual or simulated integer arithmetic on positive integers of 31 bits or 10 decimal digits.


First Weekend: Reincarnation Reincarnation, a topic of widespread current interest, will be discussed during the next program of the First Weekend Program Series at Cal Poly on Sunday (Mar. 4). The panel discussion will begin at 7:30 pm in University Union 220. Students, fa culty, and others interested in the topic are invited to attend. Admission will be free and audience response will be welcomed.


The analysis of distribution electrical systems has become of the outmost importance during recent time. The arrival of computer-based tools such as genetic algorithms, neural networks, expert systems, searching methods, etc., have favored the progress in planning, operation, control, investment cost and other tasks in distribution systems. Such tasks require a power flow method calculation in order to obtain suitable results for an efficient operation. In 1977 was proposed by the authors Lemus, Ruiz, Viramontes a very simple method (LRV method) to obtain the power flows in radial distribution systems. The method required a special ordering of the nodes before calculating the currents and voltages in a feeder. In this paper is shown a new version of this method, called LRSV (Lemus Ruiz Suchite Viramontes method). This method gets the nodal voltage solutions faster than all FBS (forward/backward sweep) existing methods until now. First is explained how LRV method works, next is explained how a renumbering process improve this method, and make it suitable to analyze every radial configuration. Finally some cases are shown in order to compare this method with those existing.


The article examines the most important aspects of the problem with the existing legislation on alternative service and practice. The analysis contained in the provisions of article reveals a number of promising directions for improving the legislation on alternative service


Abstract Speech intelligibility improvement is an important task to increase human perception in telecommunication systems and hearing aids when the speech is degraded by the background noises. Although, deep neural network (DNN) based learning architectures which use mean square error (MSE) as the cost function has been found to be very successful in speech enhancement areas, they typically attempt to enhance the speech quality by uniformly optimizing the separation of a target speech signal from a noisy observation over all frequency bands. In this work, we propose a new cost function which further focuses on speech intelligibility improvement based on a psychoacoustic model. The band-importance function, which is a principal component of speech intelligibility index (SII), has been used to determine the relative contribution to speech intelligibility provided by each frequency band in learning algorithm. In addition, we augment a signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation to the network to improve the generalization of the method to unseen noisy conditions. The performance of the proposed MSE cost function is compared with the conventional MSE cost function in the same conditions. Our approach shows better performance in objective speech intelligibility measures such as coherence SII (CSII) and short-time objective intelligibility (STOI), while mitigating quality scores in perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and speech distortion (SD) measure.


As the photographic industry has been undergoing the transition from chemical/analog reproduction to digital-only reproduction, photo interpretation has become increasingly difficult to perform. Traditional zoom stereoscopes are quickly becoming an untenable solution due to a lack of available film-based reproductions. Achieving comparable results using stereoscopes with paper prints can require purchasing multiple enlargements or consuming more time by printing self-made enlargements. Using digital imagery directly has been impossible without costly and/or cumbersome equipment. All this has changed with the advent of relatively cost-effective 4K monitors and a new patent-pending process for manipulating digital imagery combining a conventional lens stereoscope, a 4K monitor, and image viewing software. It allows stereoscopic photo interpretation of historical aerial photography to be performed purely digitally. This new digital process closely matches the traditional zoom stereoscope method.


We study vacuum quantum fluctuations of simple Nambu-Goldstone bosons —derivatively coupled single scalar-field theories possessing shift symmetry in field space. We argue that quantum fluctuations of the interacting field can be drastically suppressed with respect to the free-field case. Moreover, the power spectrum of these fluctuations can soften to become red for sufficiently small scales. In quasiclassical approximation, we demonstrate that this suppression can only occur for those theories that admit such classical static backgrounds around which small perturbations propagate faster than light. Thus, a quasiclassical softening of quantum fluctuations is only possible for theories which classicalize instead of having a usual Lorentz invariant and local Wilsonian UV completion. We illustrate our analysis by estimating the quantum fluctuations for the DBI-like theories.


This position paper is concerned with the reference in computer science. We have a formal representation of lazy references in contrast to eager and failure ones. The representation problem is motivated by static analysis in Web accessibility. A fixed point theory is adopted for such an analysis.


This paper presents a broad overview of the various sensor placement strategies to diagnose discrete-part manufacturing system. Due to the technical complexity, the performance of sensor system would be cursed by any modules of sensor placement strategies. Therefore, the current state of the sensor placement strategies is outlined with three key modules, namely cause-effect relationship model, optimization basis, and optimization algorithm, are surveyed in detail. The challenges faced by industry and academia are discussed and several principle conclusions are drawn, which could create a clear platform for the neophyte researchers for sensor deployment to diagnose discrete-part manufacturing system.


An important mechanism i n any distributed objectbased system as a means of managing load imbalances. Th i s extended abstract introduces the Bellerophon load balancer. The approach described provides dynamic system-leuel load balancing i n a topology independent fashion that is appropriate for avoiding gross imbalances of load. A number of novel techniques are combined with a heuristic t o f o r m a hybrid local garbage detector and load balancer. Multiple load measures are regularly compared, by each node with a dynamically varying subset of the others; and clumps of objects, selected t o avoid breaking cycles, are transferred t o amprove the load balancing.


Hartford, Conn., Nov. 11, 1899. To the Editor: A paper read recently before the New York State Medical Association on "Morphinism Among Physicians" (seeJournal, November 4, pp. 1165 and 1173), has created unusual interest, and brought me a very large correspondence relating to it. A number of critics have asserted, with hysterical dogmatism, that the statement that from 6 to 10 per cent. of all physicians used drugs and opium was gross exaggeration and untrue. An equal number of persons are confident that this is a minimum estimate, especially in certain sections of the country. In other localities it may seem unsupported by observation. In an eastern city of over five hundred physicians, over 20 per cent. used spirits and opium to excess, and yet a prominent physician in a newspaper interview asserted that not 2 per cent, were spirit or drug takers. While the study of 3244 physicians


The facts. Two German companies and a French company have been working together for more than twelve years to distribute in Germany industrial bakery products manufactured by two sister companies…


Objective:To detect serum vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A) level and explore its clinical significance in patients with endometriosis.Methods:Serum samples from 46 patients with endometriosis(endometriosis group) and 40 patients without endometriosis(control group),and the level of VEGF-A in serum was detected by ELISA,the levels of VEGF-A were compared between patients with different clinical symptoms and stagings.Results:The level of serum VEGF-A in endometriosis group was significantly higher than that in control group(P0.05),the patients in endometriosis group with severe dysmenorrheal had high level of serum VEGF-A(P0.05).In endometriosis group,the level of serum VEGF-A of patients with late clinical staging(Ⅲ-IV) was significantly higher than that of patients with early clinical staging(Ⅰ-Ⅱ).Conclusion:VEGF-A participates in onset and development of endometriosis,targeted therapies of VEGF-A maybe a new method to treat endometriosis.


In this study, we describe a method for rapid in vitro multiplication for conservation of a threatened medicinal plant, Cocculus hirsutus (Menispermaceae) via enhanced axillary bud proliferation from nodal explants collected from young shoots of a mature elite plant. The physiological effect of different plant growth regulators such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (Kn), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on in vitro multiplication was studied. Multiple shoots were induced in vitro from the nodal segments of stem on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing BAP or Kn alone or in combination. Maximum number of shoots (45 ± 0.69 shoots per explant) was observed on the medium containing BAP (0.5 mg/L) along with additives like adenine sulphate (50.0 mg/L) and glutamine (150 mg/L). The shoots were best elongated on medium containing 0.25 mg/L BAP along with additives. Elongated shoots were rooted on ¼ MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. The rooted in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized in growth chamber. The method described here can be successfully employed for large-scale multiplication, long term in vitro conservation and for further investigation of medicinally active constituents of C. hirsutus . This is the first report on in vitro multiplication of C. hirsutus. Key words: Cocculus hirsutus , in vitro multiplication, threatened, nodal explants.


The Nuss procedure is one of the most widely used operation techniques for pectus excavatum (PE) patients. It attains the normal shape of the chest wall by lifting the patient's chest wall with the Nuss bar. However, the Nuss bar is for the most part bent by a hand bender according to the patient's chest wall, and this procedure causes various problems such as the failure of the operation and a decreased satisfaction of the surgeon and patient about the operation. To solve this problem, we proposed a method for deriving the optimal operation result by designing patient-specific Nuss bars through computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and by performing auto bending based on the design. In other words, a three-dimensional chest wall model was generated using the computed tomography (CT) image of a pectus excavatum patient, and an operation scenario was selected considering the Nuss bar insertion point and the post-operative chest wall shape. Then, a design drawing of the Nuss bar that could produce the optimal operation result was derived from the operation scenario. Furthermore, after a computerized numerical control (CNC) bending machine for the Nuss bar bending was constructed, the Nuss bar prototype was manufactured based on the derived design drawing of the Nuss bar. The Nuss bar designed and manufactured with the proposed method has been found to improve the Haller index (HI) of the pectus excavatum patient by approximately 37% (3.14 before to 1.98 after operation). Moreover, the machining error in the manufacturing was within ±5% compared to the design drawing. The method proposed and verified in this study is expected to reduce the failure rate of the Nuss procedure and significantly improve the satisfaction of the surgeon and patient about the operation.


The landscape painting course is an important element of fine arts teaching in colleges. While the traditional teaching methods gradually fade out, the modern teaching model has not been fully established. This paper discusses the possibility of fostering art students' accomplishments from the perspective of the teaching of landscape painting. It also proposes the teaching idea of creating a free painting environment for art students based on the relationship between traditional teaching and the current trend with the attempt to change the perspective of previous teaching and in hope of enabling students to improve their painting ability and foster necessary aesthetic accomplishments through exposure to art in a natural environment. KEYWORD: Landscape painting course; Free Painting; Natural situation; Aesthetic accomplishments


SUMMARY This paper applies the theory of conceptual metaphor to Shakespeare's play Macbeth with the aim of understanding the characters, structure of the plot, individual lines, and the text as a whole in a more profound, in-depth manner. At the beginning, there is a brief reference to literary scholars' growing interest in how individual authors develop metaphorical patterns which are revelatory of meanings that go beyond the level of language, into thought and comprehension of the abstract. Donald C. Freeman noticed that critical tradition has understood and wrote about Shakespeare's Macbeth in terms of PATH and CONTAINER source domains. Following in his footsteps, this paper focuses on the metaphorical expressions from the play that are built upon PATH and CONTAINER conceptual metaphors, and proves that Shakespeare intensely structures our understanding of human nature and purposes governed by sombre desires of the unconscious through these exact modes of cognition. The analysis presents Macbeth's blood-thirsty career in the form of a contained path, while the hallucinatory effects of the play and the questions of human nature are mainly visualized as containers. Besides showing that PATH and CONTAINER are dominant conceptual metaphors in the play, they are also seen in interaction with one another, and as intertwined with other complementary conceptual metaphors to build the philosophical, psychological, and cognitive basis of the play.


According to CES model of value creation of professional tennis tournament,analyzed the value claim,the value evaluation,the value sustenance of China Open,considered that the China Open must achieve the Government's value claim with city marketing;to meet the needs of the audience and create value of experience;integrated promotion brand and create value of China Open;focus on consistency of brand personality and achieve the value of sponsors;innovate on operating way and to achieve business value claim of China Open's communication corporation.


After the two studies of 1998 and 2003, the latest "EAA-LR" research, undertaken in 2010 and based on the results of 2009, is permeated by a context of recession, both economic and agricultural, and even more apparent than during the 2003 study, having particularly affected the wine growing sector. Despite this context the turnover for the food processing industry has remained more-or-less stable (in constant currency) since 2002, attaining 8.6 billion Euros. The results of this study on the dynamics of EAA-LR demonstrate several major developments in the Food processing industry over this 12 year period, of which we will focus specifically on the following points : 1. A Reduction in the number of establishments (-33% in 12 years), but becoming increasingly large in size (The average number of employees per establishment has changed from 14 to 22 between 1997 and 2009). The first response of regional food industry businesses to the economic crisis has been concentration, with size being an essential part in the improving of competitiveness, allowing for economies of scale, larger investment in materials and also intangible factors (research and innovation programs, implementation of a marketing policy or even a set-up of an exporting presence) 2. An upheaval in the relative weight of different sectors, with a loss of speed for traditional sectors, the main "levers for local agriculture", such as the "wine" sector and the "fruits and vegetables" sector. Alongside this, "cereal derived products" and "miscellaneous products", less traditional for the region (and above all requiring less regional agricultural raw materials) have largely increased their sales and are now placed in 2nd or 3rd place regionally, with establishments appearing particularly concentrated. 3. A net increase in exportation, which has progressed by 36% for the period of 2002-2009, establishing itself at 1.5 billion Euros (or 18% of the regional turnover). The 3 exporting sectors being "wine", "cereal derived products" and "fruits and vegetables", especially for the latter due to the Saint Charles International market. The destinations for export have also developed since we can see a large increase in destinations outside the European Union, and in particular to Asia and North America. The articles published in this collection propose an analysis on the themes of industrial sectors, branding strategy, innovation, sustainable development, export, logistics, financial performance, business sustainability and finally the specificity of the cooperative sector, so that the strategies of EAA's and their dynamics can clearly be understood. ...French Abstract : Apres les deux enquetes de 1998 et de 2003, cette derniere enquete « EAA-LR », realisee en 2010 sur les resultats de l'annee 2009, est teintee par un contexte de crise, conjuguant crise economique et agricole, plus marquee encore que lors de l'enquete de 2003, et ayant particulierement affecte la filiere vitivinicole en region. Malgre ce contexte, le chiffre d'affaires de la sphere agroalimentaire est reste quasiment stable en euros constants depuis 2002, atteignant les 8,6 milliards d'euros. Les resultats de cette etude sur les dynamiques des EAA-LR nous renseignent sur plusieurs evolutions majeures de la sphere agroalimentaire sur cette periode de 12 ans, parmi lesquelles nous retiendrons principalement : 1. Une diminution du nombre d'etablissements qui composent la population (- 33 % en 12 ans), avec des etablissements de moins en moins nombreux mais de plus en plus gros (l'effectif salarie moyen par etablissement est passe de 14 a 22 salaries entre 1997 et 2009). La premiere reponse des entreprises agroalimentaires regionales a la crise est donc la concentration, la taille etant un element essentiel d'amelioration de la competitivite, puisqu'elle permet de realiser des economies d'echelle, ainsi que d'importants investissements materiels, mais aussi immateriels (developpement de programmes de recherche et d'innovation, mise en place d'une politique marketing ou encore d'assurer une presence a l'export) 2. Un bouleversement du poids relatif des differentes filieres, avec la perte de vitesse des filieres traditionnelles, principaux « moteurs de l'agriculture locale », telles la filiere « vins » et la filiere « fruits et legumes » Parallelement, les filieres « derives de cereales » et « produits divers », moins « traditionnelles » pour la region (et surtout moins consommatrices de matieres premieres agricoles regionales) ont largement developpe leurs ventes et se placent aujourd'hui au 2eme et 3eme rang regional, avec des etablissements qui se sont particulierement concentres. 3. Un net accroissement de l'export, qui progresse de 36% sur la periode 2002 – 2009 pour s'etablir a 1,5 milliard d'euros (soit 18% du CA regional), les 3 filieres exportatrices etant les filieres « vins », « derives de cereales » et « fruits et legumes », en particulier pour cette derniere grâce au marche Saint Charles International. Les destinations d'export evoluent egalement, puisqu'on note une forte hausse des destinations lointaines, hors Union Europeenne et en particulier l'Asie et l'Amerique du nord. Les articles publies dans cet ouvrage proposent des analyses sur les themes des filieres, des strategies de marques, de l'innovation, du developpement durable, de l'export, de la logistique, des performances financieres, de la perennite des entreprises et enfin des specificites du secteur cooperatif, afin de donner des cles de comprehension des strategies des EAA et de leurs dynamiques.


Smart energy meters grant to power providers the capability to perform many advanced services, and several countries already started to deploy them. However, data analysis can raise privacy issues by inferring daily activities and appliance usages of consumers. Hence, there is a crucial need to deal with the problem of consumers' privacy in smart metering. Several approaches offer ways to provide privacy and preserve some of the benefits. In this paper, we list, experiment and evaluate five of these approaches based on three orthogonal technologies: noise addition, rechargeable batteries, and homomorphic encryption. We evaluate them based on the main needed attributes, such as complexity and accuracy, and conclude that there are many tradeoffs to be dealt with.


Part of the "good news" is that we can indeed know the difference between right and wrong, and have the strength to carry it out.


The goal of this study was to examine reliability and validity of learning styles inventory ISUMB2-O for primary school children. This inventory is based on Myers-Briggs learning style model, and the model itself is based on Jung's personality types. According to this model, the individual's profile is determined based on four pairs of opposite preferences: extraversion/ introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judgement/perception. Reliability data (in a sample of 100 students of the 4th grade of primary school in Nis) obtained, both for individual dimensions (expressed by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and based on item analysis, indicate that this is a stable instrument. Three out of four dimensions have the reliability over 0.93 expressed by the Cronbach's alpha. Validity was verified in two ways: a) Construct validity was checked by using factor analysis in order to check the factor structure of the instrument, and b) external validity was checked by using the degree of correlation of values obtained based on the dimensions of learning styles with the instrument ISUMB2-O and on the teachers' assessment of individual poles of the examined dimensions of learning styles in their students based on the descriptions they received. The four-factor solution is the optimal and best possible one for the given instrument and it can explain 57% of the total variance. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between the results for the dimensions of the inventory of learning styles and teachers' assessment of individual poles of the examined dimensions of learning styles in their students based on the descriptions they received. This correlation value is high in the case of dimensions E-I, S-N and J-P, and of medium intensity when it comes to the dimension F-T. No differences in learning styles were observed from gender standpoint, while the dimensions sensing-intuition and judgment-perception were found to be related to school achievement. The conclusion is that the instrument showed good psychometric characteristics, primarily from the aspect of extremely high reliability, high values for item-total correlation, satisfactory validity construct, and also due to adequate external validity, which indicate that the instrument measures the characteristics for which was originally intended. Limitations of the research were also highlighted, especially those related to the sample size.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To study the efficacy of CLOZAPINE in Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia.To evaluate the association of schizophrenia with socio demographic characteristics and adverse effects during the course of treatment with Clozapine. MATERIAL & METHODOLOGY A short term, cross sectional, prospective & non comparative study was conducted among inpatients from Department of Psychiatry in Alluri Sita Rama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru for a duration of 8 weeks.         RESULTS The mean positive symptom score showed a gradual improvement from 17 to 7 by the end of 8weeks which was found to be statistically significant (t=18.698, p<0.01). The mean negative symptom score showed a gradual improvement from 24 to 10 by the end of 8 weeks which was found to be statistically significant (t=18.880, p<0.01). The mean general psychopathology score showed a gradual improvement from 23 to 9 by the end of 8 weeks which was found to be statistically significant (t=25.225, p<0.01). Common  mild adverse effects were encountered but none of the patients treated with Clozapine   developed Extra pyramidal symptoms, Agranulocytosis , Seizures & Myocarditis CONCLUSION Our study concluded that Clozapine is beneficial, relatively well tolerated and the ideal drug for Treatment Resistant  Schizophrenia. However, attention should be paid to patients' adverse events and precautions against Agranulocytosis should be taken.


During 1981-1982 unusually large numbers of young men IV drug users and recipients of blood and/or blood products presented with clinical symptoms suggestive of a condition of impaired immunity. By 1983 HIV was identified as the retrovirus responsible for the syndrome and an antibody test became available in 1985. A great deal of research has gone into explaining the molecular biology of the virus its mode of infection and its pathophysiology in hosts. The structure of HIV differs from that of most retroviruses. HIV not only harbors the basic genes for structural proteins and the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase typical of most retroviruses it also has several genes with regulate the transcription and processing of viral RNA. Research has also determined that HIV mainly targets lymphocytes and macrophages expressing CD4 receptor molecules on their surfaces as well as other cells with surface CD4 in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. While we are increasing our understanding of how AZT functions in treatment the world is most urgently in need of a vaccine against HIV. 3 epidemiologic patterns may be seen in countries around the world. Heterosexuals homosexuals men women and infants are all potentially at risk of HIV infection. While parts of Africa and Latin America have been hard hit by HIV and AIDS Asia and other as yet unaffected and mildly affected areas may not emerge unscathed from this pandemic. Education for behavioral change has met with only limited success. The authors note that while resources for preventive interventions may be scarce in many developing countries steps must nonetheless be made toward realizing a solid program of maternal and child care.


In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation (ABA) algorithm that balances the load of the network cell and dynamically supports different levels of data rates. The algorithm guarantees Quality of Service (QoS) using the Call Admission Control (CAC) concept by restricting the access to network resources. It will accept a new admission request provided that there are adequate free resources to meet the QoS requirements of the new mobile without violating the committed QoS of already accepted mobiles. The algorithm can guarantee a level of fairness between the network users. However, there is a tradeoff between the QoS level perceived by the user and the utilization of scarce wireless resources.


A review of high-frequency and pair trading on Brent crude oil is performed, followed by a proposal of empirical study. The oil market is faced with high levels of which makes it appropriate for this investigation. The objective is to investigate the literature on both high-frequency and pair trading and confirmed its predictive power as an investment tool. Our findings showed that although high-frequency trading had increased in the stock market but they are not significant in other commodity markets, due to its higher liquidity requirements.


Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to puerarin extraction from Pueraria lobata dried root to improve the extraction efficiency. By single-factor experiments, ultrasound intensity was determined at 3.0 W/cm2 and the other factors (ultrasound temperature and ultrasound time) were chosen to further optimize extraction conditions using response surface methodology. The central composite experimental results showed the optimum extraction conditions as follows: an ultrasound temperature of 57.82C and an ultrasound time of 39.79 min. Under these conditions, the maximal puerarin yield was 43.04 mg/g. Results from the present study indicated UAE was an economical and efficient method of extracting puerarin from P. lobata dried root.

Practical Applications

Puerarin can be potentially used as a healthful food additive. However, extraction efficiency of puerarin is low using traditional extraction method. This paper presents an alternative for puerarin extraction from Pueraria lobata dried root, through the development of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technology. Experimental result confirmed that UAE had many advantages compared to the traditional extraction method. On the basis of these advantages, UAE may have great potential for being scaled-up to a commercial extraction process of puerarin.


Follow-up visits after a concussion are important in the children and young people for ensuring good health outcomes. This commentary will briefly detail the factors associated with children and young people obtaining follow-up care, review the evidence supporting the benefits of follow-up care after concussion and discuss opportunities for improving follow-up care in the paediatric population. Data suggest that whether or not children and young people receive follow-up care varies. Children and young people are under-represented in investigations into follow-up care after concussion. More research is needed on how follow-up care after concussion affects health outcomes in children and young people. The form that follow-up care should take, particularly in light of the pandemic, also requires further research.


We present an efficient approach to solving multi-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in an intense laser field. In this approach, each spatial degree of freedom is treated as a distinguishable quasi-particle. The non-separable Coulomb potential is regarded as a two-body operator between different quasi-particles. The time-dependent variational principle is used to derive the equations of motion. Then the high-order multi-dimensional problem is broken down into several lower-order coupled equations, which can be efficiently solved. As a demonstration, we apply this method to solve the two-dimensional TDSE. The accuracy is tested by comparing the direct solutions of TDSE using several examples such as the strong-field ionization and the high harmonic generation. The results show that the present method is much more computationally efficient than the conventional one without sacrificing accuracy. The present method can be straightforwardly extended to three-dimensional problems. Our study provides a flexible method to investigate the laser-atom interaction in the nonperturbative regime.


An 18-month-old Siamese cat, under treatment with cimetidine, developed an exfoliative dermatitis involving the ears, face and feet. Foot-pad lesions and paronychia with a caseous exudate were also present. Histopathology of skin biopsies showed subcorneal pustules involving the hair follicles. These findings were suggestive of pemphigus foliaceus. However, the presence of cutaneous vasculitis and the results of immunofluorescence testing did not support this diagnosis. Skin lesions disappeared when cimetidine treatment was stopped and reappeared with its re-use. A diagnosis of drug eruption was made.


The present invention discloses a pressure within an underground gas storage fatigue completion string test device and method. Belonging to the technical field of oil drilling and completion. The test apparatus includes: a pressure transmitting means sealed chamber means, control systems, leak detection system, and a sample string; top-down mechanism of the pressure transmission through the sample lumen tubing string, the said upper and lower ends column through sample chamber means closed package, the closed chamber means connected to the control system, a leak detection system mounted on the sample column, thereby constituting simulated gas storage test apparatus insufflation gas production process and the completion string, the completion string in order to obtain a radial pressure change data. Fatigue testing machine by means of the present invention, sealing properties can be detected and fatigue strength under internal pressure fitting completion string many changes, pressure changes radially data acquisition, provides the basis for the design staff oilfield, gas storage optimization job parameters.


Monique Wittig is probably best known for her radical statement: Lesbians are not women. The complex theoretical construct behind this sentence is mostly unknown. This work tries to revive Wittig's radical thoughts on language and society as developed in 'The Straight Mind', a collection of her essays. The French author not only criticises the oppressive nature of heteronormativity and patriarchy – its mechanisms and its impact on society and individuals likewise – but also analyses language in regards of how a world dominated by men influences the reality of gendered beings in general, and women and lesbians in particular. Since Wittig places great importance on the change of language, a detailed analysis of her short story 'The Garden' forms part of this book. Wittig's radical theories try to show a way out of a society which is hierarchically structured on the basis of the categories of sex, which divide human beings into men as the appropriators of the universal and women as an oppressed class. The paper presents her profound theories before evaluating them, in order to be able to conclude why she is absent from much of today's feminist, queer and gender debate.


Dynamic fiber wettability measurements are performed on T-300 carbon and Teflon fibers immersed in hexa methyl disiloxane (HMDS) silicone oil and a difunctional liquid epoxy resin, neopentyl diglycidyl ether (NPDGE). Specifically, four types of these carbon fibers, which are used to reinforce high performance composites, are studied. Decreases in the wetting force are observed for progressive immersions of all carbon fibers in the silicone oil but not observed with Teflon fibers, indicating adsorption may be occurring on the carbon surface. Perimeters determined from these wetting measurements on carbon fibers are larger than those calculated, assuming the fibers to be smooth cylinders. Scanning electron micrographs suggest this difference is attributable to surface crenulations. All carbon fibers immersed in the epoxy resin show non-zero contact angles.


We will see the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, the experiments, assumptions and analysis. 0.1 Deenitions Rememb e rCable Theory. The ecuation for the PASIVE cable are: As we know the axon is not passive. It has active conductances. Let's change the circuit: Vout Vin Vout Vin Now, we have a cable with variable conductances. The problem is to nd the new cable equation. This can b edone, but we will only get to the variation of voltatage with respect to time. The total current in the capacitance of the cable is


The article deals with the textbook "History of the class struggle", authored by Belarusian historians Y. Rubin, Z. Hanutin and L. Holmshtok. The textbook was prepared and published at the time when such an academic subject as History was eliminated from schools. Instead, Social Science containing a historical component was introduced The textbook was divided into several major topics: European history of class struggle, Russian history of class struggle, Belarusian history of class struggle, history of class struggle of the Jews in Belarus. According to the textbook, the era of Feudalism was born and developed in the environment of the Germanic tribes. The authors considered that he driving force of the history were trade and trade capital, which explains the enslavement of the peasants, the allocation of the urban patricians, etc. The craft is considered to be a progressive phenomenon of the Feudal period. The authors regard relationships inside the craft between masters and apprentices through the lens of the class struggle. The textbook highlights the main manifestations of class struggle – rebellions, and talks about their cruel suppression. Great geographical discoveries are explained as the result of the trade crisis, which had promoted individual rulers of Europe to invest into the  geographical discoveries.
In the textbook the information is given schematically, practically there are no personalistics characters whose biographies would be framed into the context of the identified problems. The peculiarity of the textbook is the presence of some plots from sources and fiction related to the topic.
Jakiv Rubiv was a well-known historian and teacher in Belarus in the interim between the wars. He worked at the Belarus Academy of Sciences and studied Jewish history and historiography. In the late 1930s he started work at the Belarus History Museum, where he researched the problems of feudalism. At the same time, he was teaching at higher educational institutions of Minsk. During the war, he was evacuated to Osh. After the war, he worked in Dnepropetrovs'k as head of the department of the world history.


Inflammatory reaction plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is one of the subfamily members of the CC chemokine class. It can attract and activate a variety of cells, such as monocytes and T lymphocytes, promote the expression of cytokines, and participate in the occurrence of ischemie brain injury, This article reviews the progresses on the MCP-1 and ischemic stroke-related research.

Key words:
chemokine CCL2;  atherosclerosis;  stroke;  inflammation


Public services in Pagerungan Island / Village, Sapeken District, Sumenep Regency, East Java still use a manual system. This condition is troublesome for government officials and citizens who want to get services. On the other hand, the global world and the Indonesian government have launched Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the ninth goal is development based on technological progress. One of the efforts made to make this happen is by initiating a digital village (or Desa Digital/DEDI) in the archipelago. DEDI is a form of digital-based village administration service, using gadgets owned by residents connected to applications that are centralized in the village office. The pioneering of a digital village was carried out through socialization and focus group discussions (FGD) which were carried out with village government officials from the village head, village officials, to neighborhood associations. Equalizing perceptions and desires, so that the digital village began to be initiated through village meetings to be implemented starting in 2020. To make it work effectively, mentoring is carried out, related to making programs, modules, and transfer of technology to officers and community units). Digital villages are implemented using village funds in 2020 and 2021.


Baomai porphyry copper-molybdenite deposit is an important part of the northern Yulong copper belt, Tibet, with typical porphyry-type mineralization and alteration. The latest exploration shows that both Cu and Mo resources have reached the medium-sized deposit, but the research work is still very poor. Based on the basic geological characteristics, intrusion ages of biotite granite porphyry and biotit-monzogranite are 41.3 ± 0.2 Ma and 40.8 ± 0.2 Ma, respectively, according to the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology method. These results are consistent with those of Yulong and Zhanaga deposits. All of them are the products of continent collision orogeny of India with Eurasia in Eocene. Geochronology evidences show that porphyries related to mineralization in the Yulong copper belt are mainly intruded at 37-42 Ma, and no obviously early (51 Ma), medium (41 Ma) and late (33 Ma) stages magmatic activities. From northwest to southeast, the ages of diagenesis and mineralization in Yulong copper belt do not change to be younger significantly.


The argument that the presence or absence of widespread literacy constitutes the central criterion to distinguish "savage" from "domesticated" society, presented by Goody in a number of works (1968, 1977, 1986, 1987), makes close associations between alphabetic literacy and the growth of knowledge and between restricted literacy and traditional societies. In this essay, I will challenge these associations by presenting material from medieval Europe, in which the milieu of restricted literacy is creative, and from Muslim Africa, in which widespread literacy does not lead to criticism or the revision of basic religious tenets. Second, I will deal with some of the reasons for the vitality of Islamic reform in West Africa, concerning myself principally with the impact of Western education on village society and the response of reformers through the promotion of Arabic literacy. A consideration of Western education and acculturation is vital for an understanding of scriptural reformed Islam's appeal. The latter issue will emerge from the material to be presented, but I will deal exclusively with the literacy debate for the moment.


Based on the correlation analysis to the data recorded by FHD-1 vector proton magnetometer with temperature,the influence of temperature to the coils and data is analyzed.


The model for misoriented nano- and micro-crystalline inclusions in composite materials is proposed. Low-angle misorientation boundaries of inclusions are modeled by the arrays of rectangular dislocation loops. The energy of these boundaries for individual nanocrystallite and the cluster of nanocrystallites is determined in dependence of grain boundary misorientation.