In this paper,the function of the new rural cooperative medical information management system is analyzed and discussed.The analysis and research of its treatment methods are given to achieve for the purposes such as providing higher quality of medicare for the new rural cooperative patients and more scientific policies of compensation.


Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin, and stimulates the proliferation of density-arrested Balb/c-3T3 fibroblasts (Pledger et al., 1978; Williams et al., 1982; Sturani et al., 1989; Coats et al., 1991). PDGF was first purified from human platelets and shown to consist of a heterodimer composed of two disulphide-linked polypeptide chains, designated A and B (PDGF-AB) (Antoniades et al., 1979; Heldin et al., 1979; Raines and Ross, 1982). Subsequently, two additional homodimeric isoforms of PDGF


Based on surveying the documentation,this paper makes analysis on the difference of teaching mode and course mode,studies the sports structure of course,and constructs the course mode of sports from idea,goal,discipline,physiology and psychology,expects to benefit to sports course reform.


A search for direct production of first-generation leptoquarks (LQ) is performed with ∼1 fb −1 of data collected by the DØ experiment in p¯ p collisions at √ s = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The topology analyzed consists of two electrons and two light-quark jets. We find our data consistent with standard model expectations, and set a 95% CL lower limit of 292 GeV on a scalar LQ mass and lower limits on vector LQ masses with different couplings from 350 to 458 GeV, for a branching fraction into an electron and a quark β = 1, improving the results obtained with a lower luminosity sample from Run II of the Tevatron.


We develop a geometric approach to operator growth and Krylov complexity in many-body quantum systems governed by symmetries. We start by showing a direct link between a unitary evolution with the Liouvillian and the displacement operator of appropriate generalized coherent states. This connection maps operator growth to a purely classical motion in phase space. The phase spaces are endowed with a natural information metric. We show that, in this geometry, operator growth is represented by geodesics and Krylov complexity is proportional to a volume. This geometric perspective also provides two novel avenues towards computation of Lanczos coefficients and sheds new light on the origin of their maximal growth. We describe the general idea and analyze it in explicit examples among which we reproduce known results from the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, derive operator growth based on SU(2) and Heisenberg-Weyl symmetries, and generalize the discussion to conformal field theories. Finally, we use techniques from quantum optics to study operator evolution with quantum information tools such as entanglement and Renyi entropies, negativity, fidelity, relative entropy and capacity of entanglement.


Research the basic theory of extenics, the extension method, transforming bridge into. The virtual scene roaming algorithm of conventional detection method is complex with huge computation, this article puts forward method of decomposing and decentralizing collision detection of objects by the transforming bridge, and applies this method to the 3D Archive Project, reduce algorithm complexity, improve the efficiency and accuracy. Keywords-component; extenics; collision detection; 3D; virtual environment; transformingbridge ; .


We present a calculation of the excitation spectrum of the electron liquid that includes time-dependent pair correlations. For the charged boson fluid these correlations provide a major mechanism for lowering the plasmon energy; here we extend that study to the much more demanding fermionic case. Based on the formalism of correlated basis functions we derive coupled equations of motion for time-dependent 1- and 2-particle correlation amplitudes. Our solution strategy for these equations ensures the fulfillment of the first two energy–weighted sum rules and, in the appropriate limit, is consistent with the bosonic version. Results are presented for the dynamic structure factor with special emphasis being put on studying the double plasmon.


OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical effect of tympanostomy tube and tympanocentesis for chronic secretory otitis media under otoendoscope.METHODS 52 cases of chronic secretory otitis media who have failed conservative medicine treatment were selected in our hospital from January 2011 to May 2013.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 26 cases in each group,and treated with tympanostomy tube and tympanocentesis under otoendoscope respectively.RESULTS There are significant differences in the total effective rate and postoperative complications between the two groups.CONCLUSION Tympanostomy tube insertion under otoendoscope not only have a clear view and short operation time,but also have the advantages of less trauma and better postoperative recovery.It is worth clinical application.


Background: Gelofusine (which does not contain calcium) has a greater effect on coagulation than Haemaccel (which contains 6.25 mmol/l of calcium). This in vitro study was performed to assess whether calcium might be the cause of the different effects on coagulation. Methods: Three solutions were compared; (a) Gelofusine, (b) Gelofusine with calcium added to 6.25 mmol/l, and (c) Haemaccel. Thromboelastography (Sonoclot) was used to examine whole blood coagulation, with time to peak clot weight as the primary outcome measure. Results: There was no significant difference between the Gelofusine containing solutions. Both Gelofusine solutions gave a greater impairment of coagulation than the Haemaccel solution. Conclusions: The different effect of Gelofusine on coagulation compared with Haemaccel does not seem to be related to the different calcium contents of the solutions.


Author(s): Trahanovsky, Mary Elizabeth | Advisor(s): Glaeser, Andreas | Abstract: The continued optimization of technologically advanced ceramics, such as bone implants, computer components, and thermal barrier coatings, is necessary to continue the improvement of their lifetimes, effectiveness, and energy efficiencies. Properties of polycrystalline ceramics can be controlled by varying processing conditions. In order to fully understand the morphological development of grains in polycrystalline material during processing, one must understand the structure and movement of their grain boundaries, both individually and as a group. For many materials, the average group behavior has been measured, but little is known about the qualities of individual boundaries, which comprise a wide range of geometries and misorientations. A more complete understanding of the structure and motion of a collection of interfaces can only be obtained by creating and studying a range of individual interfaces with known misorientations. Many methods currently exist for creating one - or a few - isolated grain boundaries, also called "bicrystals," in a sample. However, this then represents only a tiny fraction of the grain boundaries present in advanced polycrystals and until now, there has been no method for creating a wide and representative collection of bicrystals within a single ceramic sample. This research project involves the development of an experimental method that results in hundreds of ceramic island-grain bicrystals on a single sample in order to facilitate combinatorial studies of a wide range of interfaces. These samples could then be used to observe correlations such as interface structure vs. misorientation, kinetic behavior vs. misorientation, and relative surface energy by measurement of dihedral angle relative to misorientation. Additionally, changes in samples that have been chemically doped or annealed under different conditions could be compared. A clear understanding of these relationships is expected to shed light on bulk polycrystalline behavior and therefore provide more complete understanding of the energetic and kinetic properties and characteristics of interfaces in ceramics and therefore more opportunities to control and improve bulk polycrystalline ceramics.


Hermann Gunkel recognized long ago that the narratives in the Abraham cycle have a preconceived arrangement, organized according to subject matter and structure. The Abraham/Lot narratives surround the promise narratives in Genesis 15 — 18. The movement of the narratives runs from the endangered mother to the birth of a son. More recently Westermann affirmed GunkePs assessment and has taken his work a step further by proposing that »the type of presentation and the types of narrative play a part in the development of the Abraham cycle«. He then concentrates on the »types of narrative« which comprise the Abraham cycle. He groups these into: family stories (15 1-6 17 1-27 18 1-16 21 1-7 12 10-20 20 1-18 16 1-16 21 8-21), territorial conflict (13 5-13 21 22-32), accounts of success (23 24), and theological narratives (22 1-19 18 17-33 12 1-3 15 1-6). Westermann, however, does not pursue in depth the »type of presentation« of the narratives. Of interest in this paper is this »presentation« by the biblical Compilers of Genesis.


Variable elimination is a general technique for constraint processing. It is often discarded because of its high space complexity. However, it can be extremely useful when combined with other techniques. In this paper we study the applicability of variable elimination to the challenging problem of finding still-lifes. We illustrate several alternatives: variable elimination as a stand-alone algorithm, interleaved with search, and as a source of good quality lower bounds. We show that these techniques are the best known option both theoretically and empirically. In our experiments we have been able to solve the n = 20 instance, which is far beyond reach with alternative approaches.


R esidency and fellowship candidates are applying to more programs to enhance their chances of securing interviews and matching favorably. The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted interviews to video formats, which lowers interviewassociated costs for applicants but may further increase application numbers. While a candidate's application to a training program communicates some interest in the program, the relative amount of interest is obscured when candidates apply to large numbers of programs. We suspect that, as a result, programs host large numbers of low-yield interviews. The number of interviews is steadily increasing, and there is widespread agreement on the need to ease congestion in the pre-Match evaluation process. Proposals to reduce this burden include signaling (organized, centrally-controlled protocol for limited communication of interest), capping the number of applications or the number of interviews, and an early acceptance matching program as in college admissions. We propose another solution, an ''interview match'' to address the expanding number of interviews. An interview match enables candidates and programs to express preferences privately by ranking their interview choices individually or in tiers. This may ease congestion in the ''marketplace,'' reduce costs for candidates, favor interviews that are more likely to lead to a match in the final Match, and avoid interviews unlikely to convert to a match. An interview match algorithm would match based on the same ''deferred-acceptance'' algorithm currently used by the National Resident Matching Program but adapted to a ''many-to-many'' setting where candidates and programs receive multiple interviews. In brief, the algorithm assigns candidates to their top preference interview positions, and the programs temporarily retain those assigned candidates who coincide with their preferred (top) candidates, while rejecting those candidates who exceed the program's interview capacity. The ''rejected'' interview match candidates are then assigned to their next most preferred program on their interview match ranking lists, and so on. In this Perspective, we present 2 simplified scenarios to illustrate the potential to minimize low-yield interviews and some of the challenges to be considered when implementing an interview match. We then briefly discuss the advantages of an interview match over other proposals.


The paper presents data from an investigation of collapsible loess soils in northern Bulgaria by flat dilatometer in regard to the determination of the extended overconsolidation ratio (eocr). It has been found that in natural loesses as well as in some compacted loesses, layers with extremely low values of horizontal stress and of eocr occur. This condition is interpreted as a state of underconsolidation of the soil with respect to the present overburden pressure. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 287689. (Author/TRRL)


Corn grain, wheat brain and linseed meal in laying diet was partly replaced by palm meal. The results showed that laying rate was increased by 1.23% and the weight of egg was increased by 0.16% and the cost of feed per hen was decreased by 1.98%.


Colorectal surgery is associated with postoperative ileus (POI). Despite its widespread manifestation, the influence of POI on recovery, quality of life (QoL), and costs is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether the inflammatory processes found in experimental studies are also evident in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. In addition, the impact of POI on short and long‐term QoL and costs was investigated.


I catch Janet studying the side of a cereal packet. 'I'm sending off for your personalised All-Bran cereal spoon,' she tells me. 'I can't wait to see you produce it at dinner parties.'


Historically, colonies in the strict sense of "settlements" had existed long before the advent of global capitalism; the English word colony is derived from the ancient Latin term colonia, denoting an outpost or settlement. However, colonialism as a principle of imperial statecraft and an effective strategy of capitalist expansion that involved sustained appropriation of the resources of other societies, indeed regions, of the world for the benefit of the colonizing society, backed by an elaborate ideological justificatory apparatus, is a modern, West European invention par excellence, emerging from the 15th century onward.


In this research we use Mental Health Scale for Middle School Students(MHS-HNJ) to investigate middle school students'mental health in rural areas in Shaoshan city,and use questionnaire made by ourselves and interviews to investigate the implementation of mental health education in this region.The purpose is to reveal the major psychological problems rural secondary school students facing and the main difficulties in performing mental health education,and to ex-plore causes and solutions,with a view to provide some empirical and theoretical basis for full implementation of the qual-ity education of middle school.


In recent decades, public extension because of several problems has been extensively criticized. Privatization of extension is one of the most important and successful strategies for covering and minimizing these problems which arranged by different countries. In Iran, according to the economical-social programs and polices, commercial farmersvarious needs, structural implications Ministry of Agriculture, insufficiency and ineffectiveness of the public extensional activities and Iran's join up to the World Trade Organization (WTO), privatization of agricultural extension should be studied based on the view of the extension experts in this period of time. This study is aimed to identify effective factors on privatization of agricultural extension. The methodology of research is survey. Statistical population is 120 experts of agricultural ministry. Questionnaire was designed as the main tool of the study. According to results, most of the experts (45 percent) had a fairly desirable view to the privatization of agricultural extension. Factor analysis also showed that six factors Socio- Economic, Financial-Structural, Participation, Commercialization of Information, Mechanism of information transfer and Personal characteristics have explained about 78 percent of agricultural extension privatization.


Magnesium alloy is the lightest metal structural material with good reusability, so it is attached more and more importance by industry in the aspects of decreasing weight, improving performance and protecting environment. Nowadays, Magnesium alloy is applied in automobile parts through die-casting. In this paper, the strength of magnesium alloy gear box is analyzed by FEM method for its design. Furthermore, proposals for improving the structure strength is given according to the analysis results of the danger sections.


AbstractTitle: The picture of the Swedish church - Young peoples image of the organization in comparison with the organizations profile (Bilden av Svenska kyrkan – Unga manniskors image av organisa ...


Dye mixing effects on water splitting activity of KTaO 3 photocatalyst modified by various porphyrinoids was investigated. Photocatalytic activity of dye-modified KTaO 3 catalyst is greatly improved by mixing various porphyrinoids, in which transition metals such as Cr, Fe, and Co are used as central metal. Pentametylene bis[4-(10, 15, 20-triphenyl porphine-5-yl) benzoate]-dizinc(II) (Zn-TPP dimer) showed positive effect on photocatalytic activity, and H 2 and O 2 formation rates are 365 μmol g ―1 ―cat. h ―1 and 152 μmol g ―1 ―cat , h ―1 , respectively. On the other hand, the combination of chloroprotoporphyrinato iron (III) (chlorohemin) with Cr-phthalocyanine (CrPc) is the most effective for increasing water splitting activity, and the formation rates of H 2 and O 2 are 2.12 mmol g ―1 ―cat . h ―1 and 1.11 mmol g ―1 ―cat. h ―1 , respectively. Energy conversion efficiency of this photocatalyst is estimated to be approximately 0.05%. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement and cyclic voltammetry of organic dyes, it is suggested that the electronic state of the dye mixture is modified compared with that of a single dye. Energy transfer between mixing dyes is observed in the fluorescence spectra of dye-modified KTaO 3 photocatalysts. Recombination of photoexited charge in KTaO 3 is clearly suppressed by dye mixing, thus improvement of photocatalytic activity is attributed to the lengthening of excitation lifetime. This study reveals that mixing porphyrinoid dyes is an effective method for increasing water splitting activity of dye-modified KTaO 3 photocatalysts.


Wine is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages in the world, although it is mainly consumed in European and South American countries. Several thousand years have passed since the product of grape fermentation was accidentally discovered. Over the last 100–150 years, winemaking has been completely revolutionized in terms of procedures and equipment. This work is aimed to give a comprehensive overview of the consolidated use of winemaking innovations that are still in the development stage or already applied to commercial products. Their effects on physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of wines will also be discussed in comparison with the consolidated vinification procedures.


Many technologies we interact with are mundane and almost invisible to users. How can such infrastructural technologies with which we interact be studied? In his talk, Trevor Pinch will turn to the classic early studies of the American sociologist Erving Goffman for insight. He will discuss some of Goffman's early studies of mundane interaction in locations such as hotels, radio studios, surgical operating theatres, and children riding merry-go-rounds to show that the interactions he studied were materially and technologically staged, mediated and performed. This leads to the insight that all interaction is technologically mediated.


In this paper, an application of the theoretical algebraic notion of a separable ring extension in the realm of cyclic convolutional codes or, more generally, ideal codes, is investigated. It is worked under very mild conditions that cover all previously known as well as new non-trivial examples. It is proved that ideal codes are direct summands, as left ideals, of the underlying non-commutative algebra, in analogy with cyclic block codes. This implies, in particular, that they are generated by a non-commutative idempotent polynomial. Hence, by using a suitable separability element, an efficient algorithm for computing one of such idempotents is designed. We show that such an idempotent generator polynomial can be used to get information on the free distance of the convolutional code.


Disclosed is a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device comprises: a semiconductor body (100) having a first surface (101); a contact electrode (21) disposed on the first surface (101); and a passivation layer (30) on the first surface adjacent to the contact electrode (21), wherein the passivation layer (30) a stack of layers having an amorphous semi-insulating layer (31) on the first surface (101), a first nitride layer (32) on the amorphous semi-insulating layer (31) and a second nitride layer (34) on said first nitride layer (32).


Elections. The author suggests that the decline was the continuation of a trend which he reviews. Two of the three "C's" contributing to the decline—complacency and communalism—are mentioned, but less is said about communism in either of its forms. Generational discontent is highlighted. The post-election disarray was followed by recovery of nerve and renewed struggle between the Prime Minister and the Congress President. The author makes the point that the Ten Point Program, meant to refurbish and energize the demoralized party and make it attractive to the young and Left, was not seriously discussed, much less studied. He concludes that the 1967 election and its aftermath marked the start of a transformation of Indian politics from a dominant one-party type to a multiparty system. Yet he sees that "Congress remains the largest, the most highly organized, and the only all-India party" (p. 427). Another perspective is available if "monolatry," Max Mueller's term for veneration of one god among many valid gods, is borrowed to explain the Congress. Professor Kochanek concludes that the Congress has adapted to new leadership and its structure has moved from a highly centralized to an unstable coalition pattern. Structural adjustments have been accompanied by changes in membership, but with no assurance that emerging cadres will be party-oriented and contribute to an invigorated ideology of unity. An intensive and thorough investigation of a remarkable democratic party, this book is a welcome addition to Indian studies. —PAUL F. POWER


In the exhaust gas of diesel engines, the urea-water solution (UWS) is injected into the exhaust gas and decomposed into ammonia, isocyanic acid, and water by the thermal decomposition of the urea. The thermolysis rate of the urea has a great influence on the NOx conversion efficiency and the ammonia slip of the SCR catalyst. Therefore, it is essentially required to increase the residence time of the exhaust gas within the exhaust pipe to promote the conversion of the urea to ammonia. In the present work, the two Shapes of the mixing chambers are designed and fabricated to increase the residence time of the exhaust gas. Then, the characteristics of the urea thermolysis for the shapes of the mixing chambers are experimentally examined two range of the velocity (6, 12 ㎧) and temperature (350-500℃) and compared to those without mixing chamber. The ammonia and isocyanic acid are measured at the 5 points along the exhaust pipe from urea injection nozzle using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The thermal decomposition of the urea is greatly enhanced at low velocities and high temperatures of the exhaust gas. Furthermore, the conversion of the urea to ammonia with the mixing chambers is significantly improved due to the attendant increase in the residence time of the exhaust gas, compared to that without the mixing chambers.


The freeze dried extract of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. fruit consisted of gallic acid as major active ingredient which has good antioxidant activities. This extract was included in sunscreen creams to enhance the antioxidative property. The objectives of this study were to develop formulations and TLC-densitometric analysis method for determination of gallic acid in sunscreen cream. The cream was extracted by using methanol : water (4 : 6) to isolate gallic acid. For TLC-densitometric method validation, linearity was studied by preparing standard stock solution of gallic acid at 7 different concentration levels. A linear relationship (r = 0.9969, y = 9314.038x + 11.458) was obtained in the range of 594.0 1485.0 μg/spot and detected at 280 nm. The intra-day precision and inter-day precision of the assay method were evaluated and the percentages of RSD for six assay values were found at 0.37 and 0.76%, respectively. For the recovery studies, they were carried out in triplicate at three concentration levels. The recovery of gallic acid was found in the range of 100.9 101.3%. LOD and LOQ were also evaluated which were 10 and 30 ng/mL, respectively.


In this paper the resonance of a moored object in wave trains is discussed and demonstrated with the help of some results obtained from model tests with a right angled barge The measured results correspond well with a simple theory which calculates the slowly varying drifting force of regular wave trains.


Cone-rod dystrophy is considered to be one of the rare ocular diseases that arises hereditarily. The nature of the disease can easily be mistaken with other ocular condition due to its unusual characteristics. This case report covers extensive ocular examinations and proper management of the condition.


The extraction of dissoluble protein from antlers using high intensity pulsed electric fields (PEF) was investigated, and then, the extract was preliminary separated by ultrafiltration, and tested the antioxidant activity of each part. The effect of extraction rate of protein among different ratio of material and water, field strength, pulse number and times ware investigated in this text. And optimize the test by ternary quadratic regression rotation combination design, the optimum condition was determined as: ratio of material and water1:12, field strength27.03kV/cm, pulse number12,times 2. Under such condition the maximal rate of extraction of dissoluble protein is 27.32%. The three parts of proteins by ultrafiltrated had been confirmed with DPPH, superoxide anion radical scavenging ability.


One of Samuel Johnson's greatest poems was an elegy for a physician and friend who for many decades cared for the London poor with grace and simplicity. Robert Levet was, according to Johnson's biographer James Boswell, "an obscure practitioner of physic amongst the lower people" who collected minimal fees but had such an extensive practice that he walked daily on his rounds "from Houndsditch to Marylebone."

Johnson had a passionate sympathy for the poor, and called the silent and tireless Levet "a very useful and very blameless man." When Levet died, Johnson was moved to write a poem that the critic W Jackson Bate has praised for its "deep, dignified, and accurate feeling directly engaged with real and daily things." …


Homocysteine, a metabolite of the methionine cycle has been reported to play a role in neurotoxicity through activation of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR)‐mediated signaling pathway. The proposed mechanisms associated with homocysteine‐NMDAR‐induced neurotoxicity involve a unique signaling pathway that triggers a crosstalk between extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPKs, where activation of p38 MAPK is downstream of and dependent on ERK MAPK. However, the molecular basis of the ERK MAPK‐mediated p38 MAPK activation is not understood. This study investigates whether α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) play a role in facilitating the ERK MAPK‐mediated p38 MAPK activation. Using surface biotinylation and immunoblotting approaches we show that treatment with homocysteine leads to a decrease in surface expression of GluA2‐AMPAR subunit in neurons, but have no effect on the surface expression of GluA1‐AMPAR subunit. Inhibition of NMDAR activation with D‐AP5 or ERK MAPK phosphorylation with PD98059 attenuates homocysteine‐induced decrease in surface expression of GluA2‐AMPAR subunit. The decrease in surface expression of GluA2‐AMPAR subunit is associated with p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which is inhibited by 1‐napthyl acetyl spermine trihydrochloride (NASPM), a selective antagonist of GluA2‐lacking Ca2+‐permeable AMPARs. These results suggest that homocysteine‐NMDAR‐mediated ERK MAPK phosphorylation leads to a decrease in surface expression of GluA2‐AMPAR subunit resulting in Ca2+ influx through the GluA2‐lacking Ca2+‐permeable AMPARs and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Cell death assays further show that inhibition of AMPAR activity with 2,3‐dioxo‐6‐nitro‐1,2,3,4,tetrahydrobenzoquinoxaline‐7‐sulfonamide (NBQX)/6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3, ‐dione (CNQX) or GluA2‐lacking Ca2+‐permeable AMPAR activity with NASPM attenuates homocysteine‐induced neurotoxicity. We have identified an important mechanism involved in homocysteine‐induced neurotoxicity that highlights the intermediary role of GluA2‐lacking Ca2+‐permeable AMPARs in the crosstalk between ERK and p38 MAPKs.


The overall quantum of funding for local government is insufficient. Local Authorities (LAs) have generally tried to protect services. This has included through the use of reserves, and although unsustainable in the medium term, to date this has often 'disguised' the serious nature of the underlying financial pressure and its ultimate impact on service users and residents. Funding needs to be seen in the round and recognise the important role that Government departments other than MHCLG have in funding (or underfunding) Local Authorities. Changes to funding that significantly affect Local Authorities (irrespective of government department) should be subject to appropriate impact assessments and an implementation delay to allow for effective planning by LAs. The current allocation of funding is out of date and inequitable, this is evidenced both by the disproportionate number of upper tier, and in particular shire counties, facing the most significant financial problems and by the, sometimes extreme, variation in council tax levels. A transparent, forward looking, evidence-based system for allocation of funding is essential. Even ignoring the very significant issues of complexity and the existential challenges to the Business Rates system in the 21st century economy, the Business Rates Retention approach has the fundamental flaw that changes in the level of business rates income bear no relation to changes in demand for core local authority services. Council Tax is a broadly regressive funding mechanism with no natural 'buoyancy' which limits its flexibility to respond to cost and demand pressures. At a minimum there must be an urgent revaluation of the Council Tax base and consideration of increasing the number of charging bands. Councils are exploring other ways of raising revenue including commercial activities but these bring a higher degree of risk and uncertainty to the funding of key services and tend to increase inequity because some authorities, often simply through location, have disproportionately higher opportunities to generate this funding. Cost pressures as well as demand pressures are significant elements in local authority financial difficulties, there is a need to understand and reflect those in a more meaningful way. This is particularly true in relation to the higher costs of rural service delivery. The uncertainty about future funding makes effective medium term financial planning extremely challenging. Similarly, short term crisis-response government funding does not enable the long term strategic planning which is essential to sustainable local authorities. There is also now a key dependence on these funding sources (particularly Better Care Fund) but considerable uncertainty about their longevity. Incentive-based funding, in the context of very limited overall resources, does not always offer best value for money and diverts resources away from the areas of highest spending pressure.


* Chapter 1: Introduction * Chapter 2: Measurement techniques * Chapter 3: Explanation of graphs * Chapter 4: Text references * Chapter 5: Index of materials * Chapter 6: Material resistivity graphs * Chapter 7: Resistivity references


This paper represents a half-bridge inverter with an active auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit is implemented to provide Zero Voltage (ZV) transition for all the switches. The main features of the proposed inverter are simple PWM control strategy, high efficiency and low harmonic distortion of the output current. The optimal operation of the inverter will be evaluated corresponding to the duty cycle of the main switch, S1. The simulation results are provided by PSCAD/EMTDC software to verify the advantages of the proposed topology.


Melanins respond at a critical applied electrical field by changing their conductivity. The nature of the response depends upon the hydration and temperature of the sample and, to some extent, on the external circuitry. The response falls into two categories: threshold and memory switching. Threshold switching occurs when a sample cycles from an off (low conductivity) to an on (high conductivity) state at a critical electric field and returns to the off state when the electric field is removed. Memory switching, on the other hand, refers to a sample which remains in the on state when the field is removed but can be restored to the off state by larger electric fields or currents. Both threshold and pseudomemory switching have been reported in melanins. The memory state was found to return slowly to the off state; however, Culp et al., were unable to restore the on state electrically. This communication presents criteria which are particularly useful in separating thermal from electrical contributions. The memory state is reversible, destroyed by heating above 110/sup 0/C, suggesting the existence of a true memory state.


Activated sludge method is effective method in the treatment of wastewater,but the sludge bulking in the application of this method will affect the efficiency of wastewater treatment.The pre-warning and controlling of sludge bulking have been a hot topic in this field.In this paper,the latest developments in the pre-warning of sludge bulking are represented,and pre-warning methods of sludge bulking through the determination of the conventional sludge indicators,observation of morphologic and molecular ecology are comprehensively described.The advantage and disadvantage of various methods are discussed.Based on the discussion,some modified methods are concluded.Moreover,the application prospects of the sludge bulking pre-warning methods are previewed.


Recent years, some researches concerning family business hold negative attitude to its traditional governance structure. Based on the introduction of different internal trust mechanism of family business, the paper illustrates the important role of trust mechanism in a family business by setting up mathematical model and it shows, on the basis of analyzing the internal information cost of a family business, that such governance structure of traditional family business as entrepreneur enterprise and family partnership enterprise enjoy advantage in information cost because of more trust. Therefore, presently it is a adaptable institution choice in the absence of credit system in China.


This paper discusses weighted voting games and two methods of manipulating those games, called annexation and merging. These manipulations allow either an agent, called an annexer to take over the voting weights of some other agents in the game, or the coming together of some agents to form a bloc of manipulators to have more power over the outcomes of the games. We evaluate the extent of susceptibility to these manipulations in weighted voting games of the following prominent power indices: Shapley-Shubik, Banzhaf, and DeeganPackel indices. We found that for unanimity weighted voting games of n agents and for the three indices: the manipulability, (i.e., the extent of susceptibility to manipulation) via annexation of any one index does not dominate that of other indices, and the upper bound on the extent to which an annexer may gain while annexing other agents is at most n times the power of the agent in the original game. Experiments on non unanimity weighted voting games suggest that the three indices are highly susceptible to manipulation via annexation while they are less susceptible to manipulation via merging. In both annexation and merging, the ShapleyShubik index is the most susceptible to manipulation among the indices.


Generally speaking,the coefficients q(x) and p(x) in a diffusion operator can be uniquely determined by two spectra or one spectrum and norming constants.In this paper, by using the Hochstadt and Lieberman's method,it is shown that(a) if p(x) is prescribed on the interval[π/2,π]and q(x) is full given on[0,π],then a single spectrum suffices to determine p(x) on[0,π/2];(b) if q(x) is prescribed on the interval[π/2,π]and p(x) is full given on[0,π], then a single spectrum suffices to determine q(x) on[0,π/2].


In the processing of 16MnR+405 explosive stainless clad steel plate heat exchanger shell manufactured, there were four bodies cracked, and one body cracked completely.Hardness test and chemical analysis for the cracked shell was all passed; did not find any abnormal structure in metallographic test from cracked shell, and the crystal grain was eighth grade; but in the mechanical performance test, it was found that the value of 0 ℃ impact of base metal 16MnR was very low.By analysed cause, it was considered that the reason of the impact was very low as a result of the heat treatment processing. Based on testing and investigating, via normalization could improve that structure performance. After normalizing, the value of 0 ℃ impact of base metal 16MnR increased 2 to 5 times, the effect was very good.


ABSTRACT Iconography from the Late Roman period to at least the 12th century AD shows the use of a hook-shaped masthead on sailing vessels. Hook-shaped mastheads are shown not only on lateen-rigged but also on square-rigged vessels. Recent discoveries in archaeological contexts allow us to suggest that the shape was not necessary to keep the halyard as far forward of the mast as possible, to facilitate the movement of the yard while tacking, as supposed by some scholars. Rather, it facilitated the replacement of the masthead and protected the top of the mast. The oversizing of this element in iconography might suggest a symbolic meaning that should be investigated.


This article presents new simple distributed Maximum Flow and Breadth-First Search algorithms for an asynchronous communication network. Our algorithms improve the best known algorithms both in the communication and time complexities. The basic idea is first to "synchronize" the network and then to apply synchronous algorithms which use efficiently the parallelism of the model.


Seabuckthom was widely planted in Heilongjiang Province with ecological benefit, economical benefit and social benefit. In this paper, the writer discussed the technical measures of operation and management for Seabuckthom in practice.


New evidence is presented that for aqueous glycerol solutions, the Soret coefficient of glycerol, sigma sub 1 = D sub 1 T/D sub 1 (where D sub 1 T and D sub 1 are the thermal and self-diffusion coefficients, respectively, of glycerol in aqueous solutions), is an integral part of the heat of mixing parameter. Expressions are presented indicating the importance of the Soret coefficients to correlations for diffusion processes in glycerol water solvents.


Measurements were made in the NBS reverberation chamber to determine the apparent random incidence absorption coefficient as a function of the area, perimeter, and shape of the test specimens for three different materials arrayed as combinations of rectangular pieces. Measurements made with the specimen edges exposed and with the edges covered with reflecting material were compared. The experimental results were compared with a theoretical model [T.D. Northwood, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 35, 1173–1177 (1963)] using values of the acoustical admittance obtained from impedance tube measurements performed on the same materials. Both the experimental and theoretical results indicate that the random incidence absorption coefficient increases approximately linearly with E, the ratio of the perimeter to the area of the specimen for values of E ranging from 1.3 to 3.3 m−1. The theoretical analysis indicates, however, that a linear extrapolation to the value E = 0 is not necessarily valid. It was also found that if the s...


CITATION: Botha, J. 2016. The Synergy between the SAAIR Conference Events and South African Higher Education Policy Initiatives during 1994-2015, in J. Botha & N.J. Muller (eds.). Institutional Research in South African Higher Education: Intersecting Contexts and Practices. Stellenboach: SUN PRESS. 43-56. doi:10.18820/9781928357186/03.


The continual success of superconducting photon-detection technologies in quantum photonics asserts cryogenic-compatible systems as a cornerstone of full quantum photonic integration. Here, we present a way to reversibly fine-tune the optical properties of individual waveguide structures through local changes to their geometry using solidified xenon. Essentially, we remove the need for additional on-chip calibration elements, effectively zeroing the power consumption tied to reconfigurable elements, with virtually no detriment to photonic device performance. We enable passive circuit tuning in pressure-controlled environments, locally manipulating the cladding thickness over portions of optical waveguides. We realize this in a cryogenic environment, through controlled deposition of xenon gas and precise tuning of its thickness using sublimation, triggered by on-chip resistive heaters. $\pi$ phase shifts occur over a calculated length of just $L_{\pi}$ = 12.3$\pm$0.3 $\mu m$. This work paves the way towards the integration of compact, reconfigurable photonic circuits alongside superconducting detectors, devices, or otherwise.


Purpose

Teacher effectiveness has been a matter of concern not only for the parents and students but also for the policy makers, researchers, and educationists. Drawing from the "self-efficacy" theory (Bandura, 1977), the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between teacher self-efficacy and teacher effectiveness. In addition, it explores the role of collaboration among teachers and principal leadership in explaining the above relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 575 secondary school teachers and 6,020 students representing grade 6-12th from 25 privately owned schools in India. Teacher self-efficacy, collaboration and principal leadership were reported by the teachers whereas effectiveness of each teacher was captured from around ten students each who were taught by the corresponding teacher. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS.

Findings

Results confirmed a positive association between teacher self-efficacy and the three dimensions of teacher effectiveness, namely, teacher's delivery of course information, teacher's role in facilitating teacher-student interactions, and teacher's role in regulating students' learning. Results also confirmed that both collaboration and principal leadership are positively related to teacher self-efficacy.

Originality/value

The results of the study indicate that schools need to focus on enhancing self-efficacy of their teachers and give importance to teacher collaboration and principal leadership in order to improve their effectiveness in terms of delivery of instruction, teacher-student interactions, and regulating student learning.


Metal fluorides with 3D open structures, pyrochlore (pyr) or hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB), are promising materials as positive electrodes for rechargeable batteries or catalysts. Herein, we have...


Source Citation Gardner CD, Fortmann SP, Krauss RM. Association of small low-density lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women. JAMA. 1996 Sep 18;276:875-81.


Organizational bases of enterprise activity in building are considered at a pulling down of shabby habitation. Before to start the basic stage of building it is necessary to consider all building cycle, beginning from preparation of a site for building and finishing sale of ready apartments


In this paper several micro‐mechanical manufacturing technologies were studied in order to characterize their performance for making miniaturized geometries known as micro‐channels, which are the main geometric features of micro‐fluidic devices. The technologies used were Micro‐End Milling, Wire Electro Discharge Machiningesol Sandblasting and Abrasive Water Jet. Their capabilities were compared with Lithography capabilities, which is the conventional process for micro‐channel manufacturing. The evaluation consists in a comprehensive study of surface quality and topography, made with the help of advanced contact and non‐contact devices over each prototype made by each technology. Also economical considerations have been taken into account in order to choose the most appropriate manufacturing process for the prototyping of micro‐fluidic devices. The results show that Micro‐End Milling process can compete with Lithography, in terms of achieving acceptable levels of product quality and economics.


Traditional single-agent search algorithms usually make simplifying assumptions (single search agent, stationary target, complete knowledge of the state, and sufficient time). There are algorithms for relaxing one or two of these constraints; in this paper we want to relax all four. The application domain is to have multiple search agents cooperate to pursue and capture a moving target. Agents are allowed to communicate with each other. For solving Multiple Agents Moving Target (MAMT) applications, we present a framework for specifying a family of suitable search algorithms. This paper investigates several effective approaches for solving problem instances in this domain.


Rocuronium pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can be influenced by several factors like gender and obesity. We propose a brief report of a patient (59 years old, weight 135 kg, BMI 52.7) who showed three episodes of severe hypotension not responsive to continuous noradrenaline infusion therapy after rocuronium administration (dose 0.6 mg/kg; total dose: 50 mg) not based on her IBW (ideal body weight).


The Cambrian and Ordovician sandstone aquifer of eastern Wisconsin is a major source of water for municipalities and industry in eastern Wisconsin. A portion of eastcentral Wisconsin is facing significant water supply problems in response to decades of over pumping the aquifer. Declining water levels and deteriorating water quality have created concerns over the long-term viability of the aquifer. A TEM survey was conducted in two heavily developed areas on the north and south ends of Lake Winnebago to map the thickness of the aquifer and identify zones of saline water. The results of the TEM survey strongly suggest the presence of the high TDS water in the lower portion of the sandstone aquifer in portions of both areas. Saline water seems to be associated with structural features on the Precambrian surface in Fond du Lac County. The data suggest that the topography of the Precambrian surface should be considered when siting wells in Fond du Lac County. The data also suggests that some of the area designated for future well sites for the City of Fond du Lac may not be suitable for potable wells. High TDS water appears to be migrating upward in response to heavy pumpage in the Fox Cities area. The data suggests that water quality may continue to deteriorate in the Fox Cities area as a result of vertical migration from a saline water zone in the lower portion of the sandstone.


The research is a research and development study with the followingpurposes: (1) to develop lesson plans in the Thai language for CommunicationCause in accordance with the identity of Generation Y students in the FoodBusiness Management and Modern Trade Business Management Study Fields ofPunyapiwat Institute of Management focusing on work based education; (2) tocompare the average score of the speaking and writing skills before and after thelanguage training of students in food business management and modern tradebusiness management according to teaching plan focused on identity. 3) toinvestigate the opinions of students in food business management and moderntrade business managementThe results of the study found that 2 subjects were the post-learning andpre-learning Thai language usage competencies scores are significantly different atthe .01 level with the post-learning competencies scores being significantly higherthan the pre-learning competencies scores and the students were satisfied withthe instruction and activity management based on the lesson plans developedby the researcher.


MicroRNA‐155 (miR‐155) regulates T‐cell differentiation and activation. It has also been associated with HIV infection. However, it remains unclear whether miR‐155 is related to the T‐cell response in HIV‐infected individuals (e.g. T‐cell activation and exhaustion).


Cancer genomes harbor a catalog of somatic mutations. The type and genomic context of these mutations depend on their causes, and allow their attribution to particular mutational signatures. Previous work has shown that mutational signature activities change over the course of tumor development, but investigations of genomic region variability in mutational signatures have been limited. Here, we expand upon this work by constructing regional profiles of mutational signature activities over 2,203 whole genomes across 25 tumor types, using data aggregated by the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium. We find that 426 genomes from 20 tumor types display at least one change in mutational signature activities (changepoint), and 174 genomes contain a recurrent changepoint shared by three or more genomes of the same tumor type. Twenty-three recurrent changepoint locations are shared by multiple tumor types. Within these regions, the particular signature changes are often consistent across samples of the same type, and some, but not all are characterized by signatures associated with subclonal expansion. The changepoints we found cannot strictly be explained by gene density, mutation density, or cell-of-origin chromatin state. We hypothesize that they reflect a confluence of factors including evolutionary timing of mutational processes, regional differences in somatic mutation rate, large-scale changes in chromatin state that may be tissue type-specific, and changes in chromatin accessibility during subclonal expansion. These results provide insight into the regional effects of DNA damage and repair processes, and may help us localize genomic and epigenomic changes that occur during cancer development.


In the Western Alps the superposition of tectonic and/or tectonometamorphic events, and mineral transformations, strongly concur in obscuring the original prevailing processes of formation of block-in-matrix structures. We document in this study the occurrence and nature of different types of block-in-matrix structures (i.e. sedimentary and tectonic melanges, and broken formations), formed at the plate interface between continental (i.e. the Dora Maira Unit) and oceanic (i.e. the Monviso Meta-ophiolite Complex) units, that experienced the overprint of different tectonic stages from subduction to collision. A Sedimentary Melange characterizes the meta-sedimentary cover of the Dora Maira Unit and consists of exotic blocks (i.e., olistholits and blocks of marble) gravitationally collapsed from the margins of the Triassic-to Jurassic carbonate platform of the European continental margin. The Broken Formation is obtained thanks to the superposition of two deformation phases that, during exhumation stages, dismembered the original coherent stratigraphic succession. The Tectonic Melange started to be formed during the subduction via offscraping of exotic blocks from the heterogeneous oceanic seafloor. The superposition of exhumation-related deformation contributed to form its final "structurally ordered" block-inmatrix fabric. Our findings may provide better constraints for the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the northern sector of the Monviso Meta-ophiolite Complex and its pre-orogenic physiography.


Among cartographic generalisation problems, the generalisation of sinuous bends in mountain roads has always been a popular one due to its difficulty. Recent research showed the potential of deep learning techniques to overcome some remaining research problems regarding the automation of cartographic generalisation. This paper explores this potential on the popular mountain road generalisation problem, which requires smoothing the road, enlarging the bend summits, and schematising the bend series by removing some of the bends. We modelled the mountain road generalisation as a deep learning problem by generating an image from input vector road data, and tried to generate it as an output of the model a new image of the generalised roads. Similarly to previous studies on building generalisation, we used a U-Net architecture to generate the generalised image from the ungeneralised image. The deep learning model was trained and evaluated on a dataset composed of roads in the Alps extracted from IGN (the French national mapping agency) maps at 1:250,000 (output) and 1:25,000 (input) scale. The results are encouraging as the output image looks like a generalised version of the roads and the accuracy of pixel segmentation is around 65%. The model learns how to smooth the output roads, and that it needs to displace and enlarge symbols but does not always correctly achieve these operations. This article shows the ability of deep learning to understand and manage the geographic information for generalisation, but also highlights challenges to come.


Doing Survey Research is a high-level book for younger audience such as undergraduates. This book is written in an informal and friendly manner, marbled with connections to everyday thinking such as the perils of using the opinions of one's friends as a substitute for a survey. The 10 chapters carry the student from generating ideas for research, through writing questionnaires and collecting the data, to finally analyzing one's data. Most chapters consist of an overview of the general concepts followed by many short subsections that highlight the many different things (usually perils) that one should be aware of. For example, chapter 4 on writing surveys has many subsections on topics such as using absolutist language or asking ill-formed questions. The book is quite complete in scope and includes how to write a literature review and how to present work to a variety of audiences. Although the overall arc of the book is good, some of its parts are so high level that they become confusing. For example, chapter 7 gives a laundry list of many, many different measures of correlation—but does not really describe why all these measures exist. Chapter 3, Designing Research, rapidly covers a wide range of topics including hypothesis testing, but passes over these ideas so quickly that I worry that little would stick to a truly novice reader. Given the high level nature, there are also surprising bits of detail such as how to calculate a standard deviation by hand; I wish there had instead been more emphasis on understanding what these numbers are, or how to use computers to do this work. That being said, the book does serve as an accessible soupto-nuts laundry list of the things one should be aware of when doing survey research.


Let $\mathcal{B}$ be a homogeneous differential operator of order $l=1$ or $l=2$. We show that a sequence of functions of the form $(\mathcal{B}u_j)_j$ converging in the $L^1$-sense to a compact, convex set $K$ can be modified into a sequence converging uniformly to this set provided that the derivatives of order $l$ are uniformly bounded. We prove versions of our result on the whole space, an open domain, and for $K$ varying uniformly continuously on an open, bounded domain. This is a conditional generalization of a theorem proved by S. M\"uller for sequences of gradients, cf. [6]. Moreover, a potential of order two for the linearized isentropic Euler system is constructed.


Since China entered WTO ten years ago, it has developed actively and successfully international economic coordination, in realizing promises to WTO, implementing consultation mechanism, dealing with trade policies review and surmounting trade barriers. But, our government also needs to self-examine around some aspects, such as how to review continually WTO-enter documents, handle correctly non-market economic position, and cope with smoothly trade strategy of developed countries. In order to deep international economic coordination of our country, we should now attach importance to some articles in WTO-enter documents, establish overall WTO operating strategy, study deeply trade policies of developed countries, and expand effectively market access to service-trade fields.


Abstract : Contents: Threat Assessment; Friendly Situation; RVNAF Intelligence Capability; RVNAF Force Structure; Vietnamese Army; Vietnamese Air Force; Vietnamese Navy; Vietnamese Marine Corps; Territorial forces; RVNAF communications Electronic Capability; Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces Training; RVNAF Programs, Plans and Morale; JGS Command and Control; Distinguished Visitors; DATT Assessment.


This textbook offers students an introduction to classical Greek. Among the features of the book is a two-week introduction to spoken Greek, which immerses students in the sound and basic vocabulary of the language so that they are comfortable as they learn to read and write. For its reading passages the book uses engaging and even humorous stories drawn from folklore aroung the world and rendered freshly into classical Greek. Grammatical explanations are clear. One-step-at-a-time exercises are incorporated into the lessons. Entire chapters are devoted to vocabulary review to underline its importance and provide rest stops. There are special sections on aspects of Greek culture. Students test their reading skills along the way on passages in original Greek texts, which range from Heraclitus and the New Testament to Diogenes and Greek gravestones.


Described are the main technical parameters, plane layout and structure features of each part of the double-deck tourist cars in Kunming.


How does one become an adult? What are the factors that help to shape the passage from adolescence to adulthood? What does it mean to 'grow up'? These are the over-arching questions which give rise to Gli anni verdi, an otherwise eclectic collection of short essays on Southern Italian youth written not by academics but by young social workers. Individual chapters cover a wide range of topics: provincial life in Latiano near Brindisi, the nature of work in Aversa near Naples, secondary education in Taranto, the Catholic scout movement in the South, the culture of 'young Catania', adolescent life in the poorest quarters of Bari, life in a young offenders' centre, one woman's account of growing up in Corleone in the mid1970s, the experience of southern students studying at Milan's Bocconi university, and immigrants in the South. Gli anni verdi is, in actual fact, less a study of the process and experience of growing up, and more an exploration of the limitations placed upon youthful horizons (hopes, expectations and opportunities) by local conditions, class background, gender and race. Carmelo Argentieri's 'Vita di provincia' depicts 'the present generation of twenty-somethings' in Latiano as one that 'loves the representation of life in American TV-Ž lms more than life itself' (p. 29)—the passive and resigned young inhabitants of a town without an identity, without an historic centre and with high unemployment. There is scant evidence of self-organization, self-discovery and personal development. Instead, 'Peterpanism' and qualunquismo dominate. It is decidedly a minority who involve themselves in the activities of the youth periodical Sottosopra (designed to stimulate re ection and discussion), in the Sinistra giovanile organization (designed to combat apathy), or the Cultural Research Collective (for the promotion of cultural and social events). Beyond the children of 'good families', few think of 'escaping' from Latiano to study or work. A similarly depressing picture of Aversa is painted by Antonio Amato De Serpis and Silvio Verri in 'Il posto' ('Work'). A town that had thrived and grown rapidly in the economic boom of the 1950s, by the 1980s Aversa had succumbed to organized crime and economic recession. The only employment outside of the public administration was in the black economy or in low-paid work with no prospects. Amato de Serpis and Verri actually have little to say about youth itself, but the importance of work to the process of 'becoming an adult', and at the same time the lack of employment opportunities available to young people, are issues explored by Rosa Ferro in 'Periferia'. Focusing upon the poor San Paolo quarter of Bari, Ferro argues that while many adolescents possess the outward symbols of adulthood (a car, mobile phone, etc.) the lack of work, and young peoples' low expectations regarding the sort of work they can get, are signiŽ cant obstacles to self-development. From infancy, argues Ferro, the youth of San Paolo are denied opportunity. There are no schools above middle school, there are no social or cultural spaces, there are no youth organizations, there is little awareness of the outside world. So limited are the horizons of San Paolo's inhabitants that the arrival of adulthood only serves to perpetuate the existing state of affairs. Rather despairingly, Ferro calls for traditional palliatives to a 'traditional' southern problem: better communications, better education, a better physical environment, in order to create 'another way to be adults'. It is, not surprisingly, the better-educated children of better-off families who display a greater awareness of, and interest in, the world beyond their immediate locality. Alessandro Leogrande shows the contrast between the poor and the rich in his essay on the school students of Taranto. For children growing up in the 'White Houses', the poorest part of Taranto, the


Hypothesis / aims of study The recommendation of performing complete invasive urodynamic evaluation in all patients before surgical treatment of postprostatectomy incontinence (PPI) is not evidence-based and can be questioned. We studied urodynamic and clinical findings of patients with patient-reported persistent severe PPI after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa) using standardized methods and terminology according to the International Continence Society (ICS) (1,2). The main aim was to evaluate the role of urodynamics before surgical treatment of PPI.


We prove that any two $C^3$ critical circle maps with the same irrational rotation number of bounded type and the same odd criticality are conjugate to each other by a $C^{1+\alpha}$ circle diffeomorphism, for some universal $\alpha>0$.


We address the problem of improving bidders' strategies in prior-dependent revenue-maximizing auctions. We introduce a simple and generic method to design novel bidding strategies if the seller uses past bids to optimize her mechanism. This strategy works with general value distributions, with asymmetric bidders and for different revenue-maximizing mechanisms. Furthermore, it can be made robust to sample approximation errors on the seller part. This results in a large increase in utility for bidders whether they have a full or partial knowledge of their competitors. In the case where the buyer has no information about the competition, we propose a simple and agnostic strategy that is robust to mechanism changes and local (as opposed to global) optimization of e.g. reserve prices by the seller. In textbook-style examples, for instance with uniform value distributions and two bidders, this no-side-information and mechanism-independent strategy yields an enormous 57% increase in buyer utility for lazy second price auctions with no reserves. In the i.i.d symmetric case, we show existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium in the class of strategy we consider for lazy second price auctions, as well as the corresponding explicit shading strategies. Our approach also works for Myerson auctions for instance. At this Nash equilibrium, buyer's utility is the same as in a second price auction with no reserve. Our approach also yields optimal solutions when buyer are constrained in the class of shading strategies they can use, a realistic constraint in practical applications. The heart of our approach is to see optimal auctions in practice as a Stackelberg game where the buyer is the leader, as he is the first one to move (here bid) when the seller is the follower as she has no prior information on the bidder.


THE DESIGN ALTERNATIVES FOR ROLLED-STEEL BEAM AND CONCRETE SLAB TYPE HIGHWAY BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES ARE INVESTIGATED WITH THE AID OF A COMPUTER. IT IS SHOWN THAT THE MATERIALS SELECTED AND THE STRUCTURAL LAYOUT REQUIRED TO PRODUCE A MINIMUM COST SUPERSTRUCTURE VARY WITH RELATIVE COSTS AND SPANS. COMPUTER-SIMULATED RESULTS FOR VARIOUS HYPOTHETICAL SETS OF RELATIVE COSTS ARE PRESENTED. A COMPARISON OF THESE RESULTS WITH A FIELD PROJECT IS SHOWN TO BE IN LINE WITH THE SPECIFICATIONS IN VOL II OF THE HIGHWAY STRUCTURES DESIGN HANDBOOK, (UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION). THE STANDARDIZATION OF DESIGNS IS SHOWN TO BE ECONOMICALLY DESIRABLE AND STRUCTURALLY FEASIBLE.


Introduction: Eating disorders are diagnosed in 5 to 10 Million persons annually. The trend in recent years indicates the population afflicted with eating disorders is primarily women from diverse backgrounds and the occurrence of substance abuse as a co-occurring disorder is on the rise. The number of persons suffering from bulimia nervosa and a co-occurring substance use disorder ranges from 3% to 50% which far exceeds those diagnosed with other eating disorders or in the general population. As a result, treatment providers are utilizing integrated treatment models for patients with co-occurring bulimia nervosa and substance use disorders.


We prove that a large class of metrizable group topologies for subgroups of R n and the completions of the subgroups are locally isometric to, respectively, metrizable group topologies for Z and their completions, first studied by Nienhuys. This will prove, in particular, that all the complete groups in question are one dimensional, locally totally disconnected, and not locally compact. The metrizable topologies on the subgroups of R n are formed by specifying a sequence in R n and the rate at which it must converge to the identity. (Received


The utility model discloses a ferrule of a pre-buried optical fiber quick connector. A core hole which stretches along a direction of length is arranged inside a ceramic body, a hole diameter of the core hole is the same as a diameter of a bare optic fiber, and an adding groove of matching paste is arranged on the ceramic body. By means of the ferrule of the pre-buried optical fiber quick connector, accurate connecting of an optic fiber on the scene and a prefabricated optic fiber can be achieved, a connected optic fiber can be guaranteed to be non-shifted, non-deformed and non-broken, and therefore reliability of connecting of optic fibers is improved.


Enhancing the effectiveness of social policies in Indonesia Indonesia has made considerable progress over the years in improving the social conditions of its population, especially among disadvantaged groups, not least by raising government spending and strengthening social protection programmes. Nevertheless, in some respects social outcomes remain sub-par in relation to regional peers. In particular:  A rapid increase over the years in government expenditure on education has yet to deliver marked improvements in student performance, which is somewhat weaker than in comparator countries. Enrolment is particularly low in secondary education, suggesting the need to improve the transition from primary to higher levels of education. Efforts are also needed to enhance the quality of teaching. Indonesia will need to at least sustain current levels of education spending in relation to GDP over the longer term to ensure durable improvements in outcomes.  Government spending on health care and utilisation rates are lower than in comparator countries. Outcomes are also comparatively poor. As in the case of education, regional discrepancies in the health status of the population are narrowing, possibly due in part to the decentralisation of service delivery since the early 2000s. A publicly funded health insurance plan was launched in 2005 to protect vulnerable individuals against the risk of falling into poverty as a result of illness. The programme is being expanded to cover the entire targeted population of very poor, poor and near-poor individuals.  Indonesia has a number of social-assistance programmes for protecting vulnerable groups against adverse income shocks in periods of crisis. These programmes are reasonably well targeted, but there is considerable room for improvement. Social protection has been strengthened since 2005 with the implementation of government-funded conditional cash transfers and community-based development programmes. Emphasis is now shifting from crisis mitigation towards an extension of the coverage of unconditional and conditional income support. The main challenge in this area is to extend social protection, especially through social security, to informal-sector workers, while strengthening coordination and seeking synergies among the existing programmes. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l'Étude économique de l'OCDE de l'Indonésie, 2010


This deposit occurs in Lower Sinian Nantuo sandstone at the exocontact zone of an Indosinian Dashenshan granite stock. The Ore bodies are in conformity with the country rocks in attitude, occurring in bedded or bed-like form and forming synchronous folds. On the basis of an initial concentration of tungsten in the tungsten-bearing formation, mineralization took place under the strong driving force of heat produced during the intrusion of the granite. A particular horizon and a particular intrusion are the necessary conditions for mineralization. This deposit belongs in the skarnoid scheelite type.


We revealed the electrical transport through surface ferromagnetic states of a nonmagnetic metal PdCoO2. Electronic reconstruction at the Pd-terminated surface of PdCoO2 induces Stoner-like ferromagnetic states, which could lead to spin-related phenomena among the highly conducting electrons in PdCoO2. Fabricating a series of nanometer-thick PdCoO2 thin films, we detected a surface-magnetization-driven anomalous Hall effect via systematic thickness- and termination-dependent measurements. Besides, we discuss that finite magnetic moments in electron doped CoO2 triangular lattices may have given rise to additional unconventional Hall resistance.


Directing towards the grey uncertainty of probability itself,the concepts of grey probability,the grey degree of grey probability,grey probability distribution,grey probability density,grey expectation and grey variance are defined based on the theory of probability and grey system approach.The Dempster Shafer theory and Dempster's and Shafer's approachs to inference,that can be used to estimate the parameters of grey probability distribution,are introduced.


Purpose: This study was to define the significant difference of recognition and attitude of multiculture according to general
demographics in undergraduate students. Method: The data was collected from 267 undergraduate students from October
to November 2012. The data collection was done by structural survey in the form of questionnaire. The collected data's
demographic and descriptive statistic was process using SPSS Statistics(version 18.0 for Windows). Results: There was
statistically significant difference in recognition of multiculture according to meeting of multicultural family(t=4.280, p<.001).
Also there was statistically significant difference in attitude of multiculture according to foreign visiting(t=2.277, p=.024),
meeting of multicultural family(t=3.905, p<.001), multicultural education(t=3.047, p=003), multicultural knowledge(F=6.170,
p=.002). Therefore we should develop the program to improve recognition and attitude of multiculture according to general
demographics in undergraduate students.


Lay Summary When rescue behavior is more risky, rescuers should be more biased towards closer kin. We tested this idea using food-sharing vampire bats. We created a risky "rescue condition" where donors had to descend from the safety of dark roosting locations and feed a bat trapped in an illuminated cage on the floor. As expected, the increased risk for donors led to smaller and less frequent food donations that were also more kin-biased. Risk exaggerated nepotism.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the clinical activities at the Neuroimmunology Clinic of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) from 1994 to 2013.

METHOD
The final diagnosis of all patients that attended the center was reviewed and established upon specific guidelines for each disease. The number of total appointments and extra clinical activities (reports and prescriptions) were also analyzed, as are part of routine activities.

RESULTS
1,599 patients attended the Clinic from 1994 to 2013: 816 with multiple sclerosis (MS), 172 with clinical isolated syndromes, 178 with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), 216 with other demyelinating disease, 20 with metabolic disorder, 42 with a vascular disease and 155 with other or undetermined diagnosis. A mean 219 outpatient visits and 65 extra clinical activities were performed monthly.

CONCLUSION
We identified that 15% of patients seen have NMO. As patients with NMO have a more severe disease than MS, this data may be important for planning local health care policies.


Background Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) is one of the most established urological procedures for the treatment of the primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of the study is to evaluate the e�cacy and safety of 980nm diode laser as a treatment for primary NMIBC. Methods 88 patients with NMIBC were treated by en bloc transurethral resection with 980nm diode laser, and 76 patients were treated by plasmakinetic transurethral resection From May 2016 to July 2019 at the Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Air force Medical University. The clinical data were collected and compared between the two groups. Results The bladder irrigation time was shortened in 980nm diode laser group compared to that of plasmakinetic transurethral resection group (4.1±0.6 vs 13.1±3.1 h, p<0.001). 13.2% (10/76) patients experienced obturator nerve re�ex, and 5.3% (4/76) experienced delayed bleeding in plasmakinetic transurethral resection group, while no obturator nerve re�ex and delayed bleeding cases were observed in 980nm diode laser group (p < 0.05). The postoperative catheterization and hospitalization time showed no signi�cant difference between the two groups. The median follow-up time was 27 months (13-38 months). No signi�cant difference in the recurrence rate was observed between the two groups. Conclusions 980nm diode laser is an effective and safe tool in transurethral resection of NMIBC using En bloc technique. It has less perioperative complications and shortened bladder irrigation time.


In Tanzania, gender education has been being provided through various mass media. Therefore, it was expected that family resources would be equitably, if not equally, utilized. However, incidents of men squandering income from tobacco and denying their wives of benefiting from the income are common in Urambo District where the most important cash crop is tobacco. The reasons for this problem are not clear. Thus, the research from which this paper has emanated was conducted in the district during the agricultural season 2009/10 to determine gender-based factors for equitable and inequitable expenditure of income from tobacco. It was found that men's proportion of expenditures (35.2%) and that of women (12.1%) of the household income were significantly different at the 0.1% level of significance (p = 0.000). Ten percent (10.0%) was spent by children, and 42.7% was spent by whole households, i.e. family-wide expenditures. This implies great disparity in expenditure of tobacco income as men spend disproportionately higher than women and children. Patriarchy, women's humility and fear of being divorced appeared to be among the main factors for the disproportional expenditures. The results substantiate the need for more efforts in provision of gender education through mass media and training on financial management among tobacco farmers. Key words: gender, expenditure of income from tobacco, equity, equality


We envision a future with companies providing civilian drone services to people - e.g., photo-taking on-demand for tourists from impossible (such as from off-the cliff) perspectives, object inspection, delivery, guarding, or helping someone check something out remotely. The broad aim of our work is to provide a framework for the cooperation between one or more stations and one or more drones as they are allocated to tasks. This paper has two contributions: (1) we propose a two-layered task servicing a model that couples the "big picture" across-drones perspective of drone stations, and the dynamic local perspective of drones, in order to decide which task a drone should serve next, where tasks are first allocated to a drone's task set via an on-station strategy, and then drones select tasks to serve from their respective task sets via an on-drone decision-making strategy, and (2) we report on our preliminary results on simulations to assess the impact of different station strategies (i.e., round-robin vs. serve-near), a selected drone strategy (i.e., utility function based), for different kinds of client distributions (i.e., random, scatter-near, scatter-middle, and scatter-far), and for different numbers of drones. Our results show that the round-robin system performs better in most situations than serve-near for the allocation strategy.


Taking TZH type three-phase synchronous compound excited generator as an example, its principle of adjusting voltage, parameter adjustment and the measures for improvement are analyzed in the paper, which could be a reference for the people working in this area.


Roosts are essential for the survival of most animals. Due to homothermic requirements, mammals are particularly dependent on roost quality and availability. Bats select their roosts in a species‐specific way, likely related to species´ different physiological and adaptive needs. Unlike species whose individuals roost solitarily, roost selection is critical for bats forming large colonies due to the requirements for maintaining thousands of individuals in a single shelter. This is the case of Pteronotus (Mormoopidae), whose colonies reach hundreds of thousands of bats. Using captures, bioacoustics, and automated censuses, we evaluated how cave size, ceiling characteristics, environmental stability, temperature, and humidity influence the formation of exceptionally large colonies, species richness and composition in caves in north‐eastern Brazil. We expected that colonies would be positively related to cave size and stability, internal cave selection would be species‐specific, but larger and more environmentally stable caves would have higher richness. Pteronotus colonies were positively related to cave size, stability, and ceiling characteristics, and their presence strongly influenced cave temperature variation. Species richness was positively correlated to a cave stability index. Species other than Pteronotus preferred different climatic and ceiling characteristics. We detected an indirect influence of the large colonies of Pteronotus on the species richness and occupation inside caves. On the other hand, such caves favor species coexistence, as they offer a range of microenvironments, reducing niche overlap in their interior. Pteronotus gymnonotus and Pteronotus personatus are both key‐ and umbrella‐species for cave ecosystems, stressing the need for specific conservation strategies in Brazil.


We analyze the direct CP violation in the rare decay KL → π0e+e− with QCD effects taken into account consistently in the next-to-leading order. We calculate the two-loop mixing between the four-quark ∆S = 1 operators and the operator Q7V = (sd)V−A(ee)V in the NDR and HV renormalization schemes. Using the known two-loop anomalous dimension matrix of the four-quark operators, we find that the coefficient C7V (μ) depends only very weakly on μ, renormalization scheme and ΛMS. The next-to-leading QCD corrections enhance the direct CP violating contribution over its leading order estimate so that it remains dominant in spite of the recent decrease of |Vub/Vcb| and |Vcb|. We expect typically BR(KL → πee)dir ≈ 6 · 10−12, although values as high as 10−11 are not yet excluded. Supported by the German Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie under contract 06 TM 732, the CEC Science project SC1-CT91-0729 and the Polish Committee for Scientific Research. On leave of absence from Institute of Theoretical Physics, Warsaw University.


This paper proposes a novel method of corporate financial risk prediction (FRP) modeling called the adaptive and dynamic ensemble (ADE) of support vector machine (SVM) (ADE-SVM), which integrates the inflow of new data batches for FRP with the process of time. Namely, the characteristic change of corporate financial distress hidden in the data flow is considered as the concept drift of financial distress, and it is handled by ADE-SVM that keeps updating in time. Using the criteria of predictive ability and classifier diversity, the SVM ensemble is dynamically constructed by adaptively selecting the current base SVMs from candidate ones. The candidate SVMs are incrementally updated by considering the newest data batch at each new current time point. The results of the base SVMs are dynamically weighted by their validation accuracies on the latest data batch to generate the final prediction. Experiments were carried out on real-world data sets with current data for training and future data for testing. The results show that ADE-SVM overall outperforms the other three traditional dynamic modeling methods, particularly for harder FRP task with more insufficient information and more obvious concept drift.


The invention discloses a novel stay cable HDPE waterproof jacket. The novel stay cable HDPE waterproof jacket comprises an outer layer and an inner layer, wherein the outer layer comprises a waterproof component, the waterproof component comprises a body and a hot melting section, and the body comprises a cover and a transition section connecting the cover with the hot melting section; the inner layer comprises a stay cable jacket layer, the hot melting section is arranged on the stay cable jacket layer, and the hot melting section and the stay cable jacket layer are integrated in a hot melting mode. The novel stay cable HDPE waterproof jacket has the advantages that the waterproof cover is tightly combined with the stay cable jacket layer in a sealed mode, so that water can not enter an embedded pipe when a stay cable is subjected to long-term vibration, and the problem of water inflow caused by vibration of the stay cable can be completely solved.


Presents the development of a universal fuzzy controller for a non-linear power electronic converter. The classical boost converter used in power supplies is a minimal phase system with a right-half-plane zero. This right-half-plane zero forces the designer to go for controllers that give slow dynamics. The conventional linear PI controllers for such converters, designed under the worst case conditions of maximum load and minimum line conditions, present a lower loop bandwidth even if the operating conditions are better. Moreover, the system response is sluggish. Modern fuzzy controllers, on the other hand, can be designed to adapt to varying operating conditions for application in such nonlinear systems. The paper designs a universal fuzzy controller and compares its performance at various operating points with local PI controllers designed for the particular operating points. The settling time and overshoot for startup and step response obtained by computer simulations have been compared. The superior performance of the fuzzy controller, in particular, its ability to achieve good transient response under different operating conditions is clearly established.


Body-part size estimates of 20 male Ss were obtained under normal room illumination and under three basic conditions: active movement of a joint-bounded body part prior to making an estimate of that part, active movement of a different body part prior to making an estimate of joint-bounded and non-joint-bounded body parts as well as familiar non-body objects, and no movement prior to making an estimate of joint-bounded and non-joint-bounded body parts as well as non-body objects. The results did not support the hypotheses that induced muscular tension or increased attention to the estimating task creates an enhancing effect upon size judgments from pictorial memory of body or non-body stimuli. Other findings, such as overestimation of the head width and variability in estimation of the waist, were consistent with previous studies.


We describe a numerical model of faceted crystal growth using a cellular automata
method that incorporates admolecule diffusion on faceted surfaces in addition to bulk diffusion in
the medium surrounding the crystal. The model was developed for investigating the diffusion-limited
growth of ice crystals in air from water vapor, where the combination of bulk diffusion and strongly
anisotropic molecular attachment kinetics yields complex faceted structures. We restricted the present
model to cylindrically symmetric crystal growth with relatively simple growth morphologies, as this
was sufficient for making quantitative comparisons between theoretical models and ice growth experiments.
Overall this numerical model reproduces ice growth behavior with reasonable fidelity over
a wide range of conditions, albeit with some limitations. The model could easily be adapted for
other material systems, and the cellular automata technique appears well suited for investigating
crystal growth dynamics when strongly anisotropic surface attachment kinetics cause faceted growth
morphologies.


Pneumopericardium is an uncommon complication of blunt or penetrating chest trauma. It may also occur iatrogenically, e.g., as a result of thoracic procedures, endoscopy, mechanical ventilation and pericardiocentesis. Tension pneumopericardium may progress rapidly, leading to cardiovascular compromise or circulatory collapse, and require emergent drainage of the pericardial sac. We describe the case of a patient with bilateral pneumonia and pericardial effusion. The patient underwent pericardiocentesis with pigtail drainage; however, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax developed immediately after removal of the drain catheter. Cardiac tamponade signs were noted. The patient underwent emergency pericardial window operation. Pneumopericardium is a rare complication of pericardiocentesis, occurring either as a result of direct pleuro-pericardial communication or a leaky drainage system. Although there have been several case reports in the literature describing pneumopericardium associated with pericardiocentesis, none had concurrent pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important cytokine involved in the regulation of the innate immune system in IBD. Secreted MIF is able to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and counteracts anti-inflammatory effects of steroids. We evaluated whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G/C at position -173 of the MIF gene contributes to the predisposition to IBD and higher amounts of steroid therapy.

METHODOLOGY
We genotyped the SNP G/C at position -173 of the MIF gene in 157 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 102 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 489 healthy controls. Allele frequencies and cumulative steroid doses were compared.

RESULTS
C allele and CC genotype frequencies were significantly decreased in CD patients compared to controls (p < 0.012 and p < 0.022, respectively). No significant differences were found in UC patients compared to controls. Cumulative corticosteroid dose was significantly higher in CD patients with the CC genotype [12300mg/yr (0-40000mg/yr), p < 0.021] compared with the GC genotype [220mg/yr (0-450mg/yr) and the GG genotype (310mg/yr (100-500mg/yr)]. In contrast, there were no significant differences between the genotypes in UC patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data demonstrate the counterregulatory effects of MIF in CD patients and indicate the important role of the SNP G/C at position -173 of the MIF gene for the anti-inflammatory therapy with glucocorticoids.


The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance between quality of life and marital satisfaction with job burnout Urmia. Participants were 150 nurses in hospitals in the city of Urmia in 2014, randomly selected and randomly designated. The measuring quality of life (SF36) questionnaire, Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire short form and Maslach and Jackson questionnaire used to gather data were by subjects. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and Regression) were used to test the research hypothesis. The results showed that is a significant difference between quality of life and marital satisfaction with job burnout of nurses in Urmia city. Nurses that to a lesser extent suffering from job burnout, Current marital satisfaction in their lives to a greater extent and had a satisfactory quality of life.


even he might not be always conscious of having had them ; or the disease may have assumed the form of petit mal. What, if any, medical treatment had the prisoner been subjected to during the few years previous 1 That question should be answered. The percentage of epileptics who become certifiably insane is a very large one, and long before the disease reaches this point, the physiological critic


This paper scrutinizes the Archaeozoic buried hill reservoirs in the Liaohe Depression in respects of bottom oil,interior barrier property as well as oil and gas shows below bottom oil,and establishes a set of evaluation methods of deep exploration potential for such reservoirs.The exploration potential in deep interior buried hill reservoirs has been classified into 18 categories,of which many have exploration prospects.The metamorphic rock buried hill reservoirs discovered in the Liaohe Depression have been reviewed combining with oil source and transportation conditions which are necessary factors of forming interior buried hill reservoirs,and 7 favorable deep exploration targets are recognized.Commercial oil and gas flow from newly drilled exploration wells has verified the feasibility and reliability of this research method,enlarged the exploration regions in interior Archaeozoic buried hill,and improved the theoretical study system of interior reservoirs in Liaohe Archaeozoic buried hill.


Grit, or passion and perseverance in pursuing long-term goals, is a non-cognitive factor positively related to age and education level, and inversely related to frequent career changes (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007; Duckworth & Quinn, 2009). It is less clear, however, whether undergraduate students in the midst of college study show more grit the further along they are in their program. Furthermore, for students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), low within-major grades, concerns over ill-preparedness after high school, and lack of confidence in laboratory skills, time management, and maintaining enthusiasm, may contribute to differences in grit between STEM and non-STEM majors during the early years of study (King, 2015; Otrel-Cass, Cowie, & Campbell, 2009; Seymour & Hewitt, 1997). With greater rates of students switching from STEM to non-STEM majors than in the opposite direction, despite little difference in grades between STEM majors who switch and those who persist, it seems that STEM majors with higher grit may remain in STEM programs, while those with lower grit may accumulate in non-STEM programs (Ackerman, Kanfer, & Calderwood, 2013; Brainard & Carlin, 1998; Kokkelenberg & Sinha, 2010; Seymour & Hewitt, 1997; Thompson & Bolin, 2011). Differences in STEM versus non-STEM grit also may depend upon whether social and behavioral science disciplines, and health science disciplines, are included in STEM (Chen & Soldner, 2013; Langdon, McKittrick, Beede, Khan, & Doms, 2011; National Science Board, 2015, 2016; U.S. Census Bureau, 2014, July 10).


A register-transfer-level systolic synthesis strategy for multidimensional systolic arrays is described. Optimum utilization of silicon is attained by rescheduling operations on functional units across processing elements. The synthesis tool examines the tradeoff between sharing of functional units, additional buses, and the size of the controller.<<ETX>>


The effects of temperature, wet/dry packing and oxygen on the survival of live clams (Meretrix casta), were studied. The survival period was longest in the temperature range of 10-20°C. Packing clams in polyethylene bags with water and oxygen had little effect on the extension of the survival period. An insulated box was fabricated and clams were chill-stored at varying temperatures from 11 to 22°C. Clams survived for a period of 7-8 days when chill-stored, whereas these survived only for a period of 3-4 days at room temperature. Les effets de la temperature, de l'humidite de l'oxygene sur la survie de la palourde sont mesures. La temperature optimale est de 10-20°. Des emballages polyethylene avec de l'eau et de l'oxygene ne permettent pas d'ameliorer la survie. Une survie des palourdes de 7 a 8 jours dans une enceinte isolee de 11 a 22° peut etre obtenue, alors qu'a temperature ambiante elles ne survivront que 3 a 4 jours.


been an integral part of the Labour Government's strategy for achieving employment opportunity for all, encompassing Welfare-to-Work programmes such as the various New Deals for the unemployed and the more recently introduced Pathways to Work for people with a disability. Two of the hallmarks of policy development have been the increasing importance of the concept of 'mutual obligation' or individuals' 'rights and responsibilities' in the delivery and design of active labour market policy and the extension of the target group for these measures, traditionally the unemployed, to include also the economically inactive.


......................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ viii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ ix CHAPTER 1 : A method for characterizing bird song diversity between individuals and populations ...................................................................................................................................... 1 References: .................................................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 2 : Quantifying spatial variation in house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) song ...... 36 References: .................................................................................................................................... 70 CHAPTER 3 : Temporal variability in house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) song: Four decades of cultural evolution ........................................................................................................ 74 References: .................................................................................................................................. 119