Ant colony optimization (ACO) with the small window strategy is put forward to solve the routing and wavelength assignment problem in satellite optical networks. The intersatellite distance, link duration, and wavelength idle ratio are introduced as the heuristic functions, and the small window strategy is used to promote the convergence speed. By calculating the intersection of idle wavelengths on adjacent links, the algorithm can accomplish routing selection and wavelength assignment on a single ant. The results show that, compared with the Dijkstra+FF algorithm, the blocking probability of ACO can decrease by 50% at most, and improvement of the resource utilization ratio can reach 45%.


Implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES) of a shock wave/boundary-layer interaction (SBLI) was performed. Quantities present in the exact equation of the turbulent kinetic energy transport were accumulated and used to calculate terms like production, dissipation, molecular diffusion


The education ecosystem was highly disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic last March 2020, which forced school leaders and stakeholders to adopt an online learning platform to cope with learning continuity. However, educators encountered challenges in using technology to manage digital curriculum and technology-driven instruction due to the lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and knowledge. This concept paper aims to highlight the need for educators' ICT literacy, which requires the support of new policies for educators to upgrade skills in managing the digital curriculum and effective online lessons delivery. Possessing ICT literacy skills will help educators be ready to transition to the new normal in education. ICT will be an integral component of the future of school education system after the pandemic. Keywords— COVID-19 Pandemic, ICT Literacy _________________________________________________________________________________


In a ring cavity the counter‐propagating modes are coupled through a homogeneously broadened atomic medium. The mode coupling is shown to introduce novel features in the transmission characteristics of two simultaneous bistable switches. We suggest suitable materials and discuss possible applications of the predicted effect.


What is sought with this test is that the reader internalize the negative effects of bootlegging, and the fiscal gap that is being generated in the city by not perceive these funds, investments that could be made with these and social assistance it could generate in the short, medium and long term.


A non-topological soliton model with strange quarks is suggested to investigate the phase structure of strange matter. The results are qualitatively in agreement with that obtained by MIT bag model provided the ratio of coupling constants of different quarks to soliton scalar field χσ ≡ gsσ/gqσ larger than a critical value χc ∼ 0.86, but as χσ gets smaller than χc, the phase structure may change.


Classical electromagnetic potential formulations are, with the exceptions of a few special cases of one-dimensional stratification, restricted to use in uniform media. A recently developed potential formulation that provides a flexible basis for numerical computation of time-harmonic field problems involving continuously and discretely inhomogeneous axially symmetric media is the topic of this paper. The formulation manifests itself in both a differential equation system and, alternately, a variational criterion. Typical numerical applications include solutions of scattering by arbitrarily shaped material bodies of revolution and radiation from inhomogeneously loaded rotationally symmetric antenna structures. Current numerical investigations by the authors, using Mei's unimoment method in conjunction with both finite-difference and finite-element techniques, have shown the formulation to be highly feasible for computation of field problems having dimensions as large as several wavelengths.


Zalacca (Salacca edulis) consists of three main parts namely skin, flesh, and seeds. The most utilize part of zalacca is the meat, while skin and seeds were throwing away as waste. Currently, industries have started to process zalacca seeds into powder that can be brewed as substitute for coffee. However, there still lack scientific research has been done on active compounds of zalacca seeds. This study aimed to observe the active compound of zalaca seeds by observing its flavonoid level, caffeine level, consumer preference level (color, flavor, and taste), and business analysis turning zalacca seed into coffee. Result shows that zalacca seed has flavonoid level of 9.69% and caffeine content of 0.1009%. The formula of 90 : 10 of zalacca seeds and cinnamon powder, respectively, produces the most preferred zalacca seeds coffee compared to other formula. According to business analysis, the zalacca coffee has B/C ratio 2.19 per processing. Based on this study, the coffee made from zalacca seed could be used and claimed as functional beverage.


The effects of the microwave power,treating time,quantity and initial moisture content of wheat germ on the heap temperature,moisture content,and relative activity of lipase and lipoxygenase of wheat germ after microwave treatment were investigated in this paper.The results showed that microwave could effectively destroy lipoxygenase to stabilize the quality of wheat germ,and to improve the further processing quality as well.As the thickness of wheat germ was 180~210 g and the initial moisture content was controlled in 13%~17%,the optimal technological parameters are microwave power,450~720W and treating time,5~3.5 min.


Objective: This study was designed to expand the literature on health education in early life populations (ages 0-5) particularly regarding health education and development, through a nursing lens. This study focuses on ages 3 5-year-olds, also commonly referred to as preschoolers. Research indicates that low socioeconomic early life populations are at a high risk for childhood obesity, which poses a significant problem from a public health perspective. Design: The nursing model, Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, and Evaluate (ADPIE) and Piaget's cognitive development theory were used as a design framework. Children were interviewed through an "assess, teach, and evaluate" model for their understanding of fruits versus vegetables. Assessment questions were asked, an interactive test, "the sticker game" was played, and evaluative questions were assessed. Children who wanted to draw, were encouraged as an extra method of assessing development. By the end of the interview, participants were anticipated to be able to teach back at least one example of a fruit and vegetable as well as an accurate, health promoting example of why fruits and vegetables should be consumed. Participants: Due to scheduling and unforeseen absences from the program, only 36 of the 40 students who signed up for the study were able to participate. Participants were recruited from three different classrooms at two main school sites. Results: This study supported prior research linking children of low socioeconomic status to having less exposure to a variety of different fruits and vegetables. Participants, however, illustrated higher levels of health literacy than expected related to exposure of early program curriculum which aided in closing the knowledge gap seen in low socioeconomic children. Secondary to this study, evidence was found that suggest Piaget's cognitive development theory may be too broad for modern cognitive development in children. Early Childhood Health Education: A Nursing Perspective 3


A number of Karyotypic aberrations have been noted in Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) which have demonstrated an important relation to histopathology, and the prognosis of the disease. Lymph node biopsy is the standard method of obtaining the material for chromosomal studies. Another method of obtaining the tissue from involved lymph nodes in Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). We evaluated this technique in a prospective study. A total of 28 aspirates from the patients of NHL were studied. Twenty six cultures yielded sufficient growth. The histopathological diagnosis in twelve patients was of Diffuse large cell type, Lymphoblastic lymphoma in seven cases, small cell lymphoma in three, two cases were of Immunoblastic lymphoma and one case each of Follicular cell and large anaplastic cell Lymphoma. Normal karyotyping was seen in five cultures. Complex chromosomal aberrations were observed in fourteen patients. Deletion of long arm of chromo-


Memorandum presenting an investigation to determine the static directional stability of a fuselage typical of tandem helicopters. The model consisted of a body with an elliptical cross section, a rear rotor pylon which was faired to form a large vertical tail with a very thick airfoil section, and a small horizontal tail mounted at about the midpoint of the height of the vertical tail. Results regarding the stability of the original model, the causes of low directional stability, and tests of some practical modifications of increasing directional stability are provided.


In the design of corn combine harvester, there is a high demand for customization and diversification in China. Aiming at the problems of backward design method, lack of design knowledge and long product development cycle, the discrete beam method is used to establish the corn plant model. The model of sub-device and the vertical and horizontal roller picking device is established by using UG, and the virtual prototype model is established by using ADAMS software. Meanwhile, the simulation experiments on the kinematics and dynamics performance of the separating device, the corn plant and the picking roller are carried out, and the simulation results are verified by field experiments. Through this method, the design parameters of the separating device and the picking roller are serialized, the method of evaluating the separating performance and the picking performance is provided, and the development and design cycle is shortened, which provides certain reference and theoretical basis for the development and design of the corn harvester header.


Krylov space methods initiated a new era for RLC circuit model order reduction. Although theoretically well-founded, these algorithms can fail to produce useful results for some types of circuits. In particular controlling accuracy and ensuring passivity are required to fully utilize these algorithms in practice. In this paper we propose a methodology for passive reduction of RLC circuits based on extensions of PRIMA, that is both broad and practical. This work is made possible by uncovering the algebraic connections between this passive model order reduction algorithm and other Krylov space methods. In addition, a convergence criteria based on an error measure for PRIMA is presented as a first step towards intelligent order selection schemes. With these extensions and error criterion examples demonstrate that accurate approximations are possible well into the RF frequency range even with expansions about s=0.


study of the Middle East in the Western world has a long history, and its antecedents can be traced back to the Middle Ages, to the first attempts of Christian Europe to learn Arabic and understand Islam. Two basic motives led Western Europeans to that study. One was to learn. Western scholars and students came first as learners, traveling to Spain, Sicily, and, to a lesser extent, other Muslim lands to study what was then the higher civilization of the Muslim world. Their purpose was to obtain access, through Arabic translations and Arab teachers, to the sources of Greek philosophy and science. For them, Arabic was an instrument; the Arabs were intermediaries. The debt of European thought and science to these intermediaries is immense. The second motive was polemical. In the Middle Ages, Islam and Christendom were still the two great rival religions and civilizations, and much energy was devoted to the double purpose of protecting Christians from Islamic influence and converting Muslims to Christianity. This effort also involved the study of Arabic and, to some extent, of the Qur'an and other Islamic religious texts, in order to refute the Islamic religion. By the end of the Middle Ages both motives were disappearing. Europeans were already more advanced in philosophy, medicine, and the other sciences in which the Muslims had previously been their teachers, and the study of Arabic for this purpose now seemed pointless. The polemical motive, too, was fading, in both its aspects. The task of converting Muslims to Christianity was seen to be impossible. Muslims were impervious to Christian teaching, and Muslim governments did not permit the attempt. At the same time, Islam was no longer regarded as a serious religious adversary offering a challenge to Christianity, in spite of the imposing political and military might of the Muslim world, now led by the Ottoman Empire. The challenge was to Christendom, not to Christianity, and the response was military, not intellectual. The desire


From the Publisher:
Get rich in Cyberspace! Here is the first map and sourcebook to the personal finance services, resources, and planning tools available on the Net. This comprehensive, easy-to-use guide features hundreds of listings for investment advice; resources for trading stocks, bonds, and mutual funds; comprehensive listings of the best financial conferences, forums, products and services on the Internet.


Rejuvenation is an old dream of an ageing humankind. In our societies – with their confidence in scientific and technological fixes and high demands on individual appearance and performance – the wrinkles and frailties of advanced age have become an almost unbearable nuisance. Blood and other body materials, particularly from young, strong and/or innocent beings, have long been a popular source of revitalising remedies, both in fiction and in real life. Vampire stories come to mind, a favourite teenage genre. In a novel on a preservationist suffering from heart failure the recently deceased Swiss writer Markus Werner invokes a story of a sick knight who can only be rescued by a virgin voluntarily donating her heart [1]. In biomedical research, a lot of efforts are going into developing scientifically sound, carefully scrutinised organ repair and replacement therapies. At times, however, the compelling idea of using "young" material to refresh an ageing organism seems to sweep away scientific rigor. "Fresh cells", originally from sheep fetuses or placentas, have been used for cures that are still offered in some spas and clinics today. Their efficacy, however, seems questionable to the point that the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health has taken active steps to curtail their use [2]. Cord blood is another widespread source of hope and hype, and stem cell therapies of all sorts have become a blossoming global market. Another hot new approach is young human plasma. It has been known for some time that an old mouse sewn to a young mouse – a technique from the 19th century called parabiosis – seems to benefit from the young mouse's blood [3]. In spite of its promising results this set-up must seem somewhat impractical even for the most daring proponents of anti-ageing medicine. In 2014, a study suggested that the injection of young blood plasma into elderly mice may have also beneficial effects, reversing effects of brain ageing and improving learning and memory [4]. So far, no significant impact on lifespan has been found [5]. A trial using human plasma for rejuvenation is currently underway, prompting a number of ethical issues some of which were recently pinpointed in Science [6]. A major concern relates to the poor trial design that invites participation from anyone who is aged 35 years and older and willing to pay a charge of 8000 US dollars, but includes no placebo arm. There is little clinical evidence to start out with, and because of the way the study is set up it cannot be expected to contribute much to the status quo. Apparently a commercial ethics board has reviewed the study, yet questions remain about the risk-benefit ratio and the high charge. Additional issues could be raised, such as: How will incidental findings, which are likely given the high number of laboratory tests, be dealt with? Were blood donors informed that their plasma might be used for non-medical purposes? Furthermore, there are concerns about possible long-term risks, with worries that rejuvenating cells in old organisms might lead to an increase in cancer [7]. But let us assume that plasma for rejuvenation developed into a successful therapy, with robust evidence of its clinical effectiveness. Who should be eligible for this therapy? Alleviating symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease or brain injuries is one matter, but boosting the performance of healthy people is quite another. There would probably be a high demand for such an enhancement, if it was indeed safe, effective and reasonably priced. But at least as long as live donors are needed, human plasma is not a commodity like any other. Before consenting, donors would have to be informed about the intended commercial use in healthy people. This could be expected to reduce the number of volunteers willing to give blood under these conditions. Great care would need to be taken to avoid negative implications for the blood supply for medical purposes. And clearly, assuming blood will remain a scarce resource, use should be prioritised according to medical need [8]. Enhancement would have to be last in line. Thus the availability of young plasma for anti-ageing might well be limited. In this situation, live directed donation might become attractive – children or young adults more or less altruistically donating for their parents or grandparents. An alternative would be tapping into the global (and largely illegal) market for organs and other body parts and pay poor young people in developing countries for their blood. Both scenarios have ethical question marks. In the 1970s, when parabiosis studies were quite popular, an influential ethics paper appeared, questioning our duty to maintain an-


Through the statistical analysis of earthquake distribution along 51 strike-slip active fault segments on the Chinese continent, we found that strong earthquake distribution along the seismogenic fault segments is inhomogeneous and the distribution probability density p (K) can be stated asp(K) = 1.1206e-3.947K2in which K = S/( L/2), S refers to the distance from earthquake epicenter to the center of a fault segment, L is the length of the fault segment. The above model can be utilized to modify the probability density of earthquake occurrence of the maximum magnitude interval in a potential earthquake source. Nevertheless, it is only suitable for those potential earthquake sources delineated along a single seismogenic fault.This inhomogeneous model has certain effects on seismic risk assessment, especially for those potential earthquake sources with higher earthquake reoccurrence rates of the maximum magnitude interval. In general, higher reoccurrence rate of the maximum magnitude interval and lower exceeding probability level may bring larger difference of the results in seismic risk analysis by adopting the inhomogeneous model, the PGA values increase inner the potential earthquake source, but reduce near the vicinity and out of the potential earthquake source.Taking the Tangyin potential earthquake source as an example, with exceeding probability of 10 % and 2 % in 50 years, the difference of the PGA values between inhomogeneous model and homogenous models can reach 12%.


Technique in the detection of butt weld joints was introduced. The tests showed that phased-array ultrasonic imaging technique had the advantage of whole-process recording,high repeatability,visual results,measurement,and determination of spatial orientation and varitation of defects,measurement of defects height as well as high inspection efficiency.


Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are more susceptible to security threats due to the nature of openness and decentralized administration. Even though there exist several standard cryptography and encryption methods, they induce an additional computational and storage burden on the resource constrained mobile nodes in MANETs. To sort out this issue, this paper proposes a simple trust management mechanism called as Mobility and Trust Aware Adaptive Location Aided Routing (MTALAR). Initially, MTALAR founds the request zone whose sides are parallel to the line connecting the source and destination nodes. Next, the source node finds a trustworthy route through multi-hop nodes based on a new factor called as Mobile-Trust Factor (MTF). MTF is the combination of communication trust and mobility. Communication trust ensures a correct detection of malicious nodes and mobility ensures a proper protection for innocent nodes. After route discovery, the source node periodically measures the MTF of the multi-hop nodes through HELLO packets. Based on the obtained MTF values, the source node declares the corresponding node as malicious or not. Extensive simulations performed on the proposed method prove the superiority in the identification of malicious nodes.


External modulation, using integrated optics (IO) modulators, has recently received attention in analog fiber system applications. This focus is due to the availability of linear modulators capable of operating at the high optical powers now available from high-power CW diode and diode-pumped sources. Broadband high-dynamic-range fiber optic links based on integrated optic modulators show great promise for application in antenna remoting and RF signal distribution, such as in CATV networks. Some of the recent advances in these devices and their applications are briefly outlined. Advances in IO modulator technology have occurred in several areas. High-dynamic-range results have been achieved at RF frequencies in a number of LiNbO/sub 3/ modulator structures, including Mach-Zehnder, directional coupler, and synchronous directional couplers.<<ETX>>


Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) are generated by chronic hyperglycaemia and may cause diabetic microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Many factors influence the development of diabetic nephropathy; however, dysregulation of mesangial cell (MC) proliferation appears to play an early and crucial role. In this study, we investigated the effects of AGE on rat MC proliferation and the involvement of sphingolipids in the AGE response. Results show a bimodal effect of AGE on MC proliferation. Thus, low AGE concentrations (<1 μm) induced a significant increase (+26%) of MC proliferation, whereas higher concentrations (10 μm) markedly reduced it (–24%). In parallel, AGE exerted biphasic effects on neutral ceramidase expression and activity. Low AGE concentrations increased neutral ceramidase activity and expression, whereas high AGE concentrations showed opposite effects. Surprisingly, neutral ceramidase modulation did not result in changes of ceramide levels. However, the AGE (10 μm)-inhibitory effect on MC proliferation was associated with accumulation of sphingosine and was specifically prevented by blocking glucosylceramide synthesis, suggesting that the high AGE concentration effects are mediated by sphingosine and/or glycolipids. On the other hand, treatment of cells with low AGE concentrations led to an increase of sphingosine kinase activity and sphingosine-1-phosphate production that drove the increase of MC proliferation. Interestingly, in glomeruli isolated from streptozotocin-diabetic rats, a time-dependent modulation of ceramidase activity was observed as compared with controls. These results suggest that AGE regulate MC growth by modulating neutral ceramidase and endogenous sphingolipids.


A surgical instrument (1), comprising a surgical end effector (60) having at least one actuation assembly to effect a surgical procedure when actuated; an electric motor (120) operationally connected to said end effector (60) to operate said at least one actuation assembly; and a power supply (600) electrically connected to said motor (120) and selectively powering said motor (120) to actuate said at least one actuation assembly, said power supply (600) having at least one battery cell with a critical current rate; and when activated to power said motor (120) and actuate said at least one actuation assembly, operating said at least one battery cell at a super-critical current rate.


(57) Abstract: at the time of manufacture, desired refractive index (preferably about 1.70 or less) and small defects amount (e.g., air bubbles, cloudy visible, matte, or opacity, substantially nonspherical) of glass microspheres having both, and to provide a rear projection screen comprising glass microspheres. Also it provides a coating method of arranging microspheres on a film for use in rear projection screens.


Twelve elements (Cu, Ni, Mn, Ti, Si, Cr, Sr, V, Ba, Ag, Pb, and !lfo), not previously reported from the genus Velella, were found in the ash of V. lata; zirconium was also searched for but was not found. Cu, Ki, Mn, Ti, Mg, Ca, and Al were determined quantitatively. The concentration of trace elements in the whole :inimal and in five different tissues of V. lata was determined in specimens ranging from 14.4 to 84.6 mm in length. The i\fg:Ca ratio in Velella is lower than that in sea water but. higher than that in Scyphozoa. Preswnably this is due to concentration of magnesium in the chlorophyll of commensal zooxa.nthellar .


We investigate the time evolution of the excitonic polarization in semiconducting carbon nanotubes by a quantum theory, and present a modulation scheme of the excitonic polarization by applying a weak laser field. In calculation, we consider the many-body interaction between the electrons and the holes. Our results indicate that there is an intermittency of excitonic polarization. A correlation effect of the excitons induced by the weak laser field may be responsible for this phenomenon. We discuss the effect of the nanotube radius, laser field strength, and laser field frequency on the excitonic polarization.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect on brand name recall in advertisements with varying levels of female sexual objectification content among young millennials and the effect of distraction on this recall effort. The question arises whether this group evokes those brands that appear in advertisements using different levels of objectification content.,The study uses a correlational design that includes two studies with different groups of subjects: an assessment of perceived female sexual objectification levels in a set of ads and a quasi-experimental study that used the assessed perceived levels of female objectification and brand name short-term recall scores of those ads, with and without the intervention of an attention distractor.,Results suggest that female sexual objectification content exerts a limited influence on brand name recall between participants. In addition, it is not men who remember brand names from ads using sexual objectified images, but young women.,The study had an exploratory scope and used a small non-probabilistic sample. Subjects belong to a cultural context of Western world developing economy, and thus perceived female objectification may vary between different cultural settings. Results refer to graphic advertisements, though this cohort is exposed to other audiovisual content platforms.,Several studies have addressed female objectification in advertising and media, but few focused on young Latin American audiences and its impact on the recollection of advertised brands. Brand name retention and awareness is still a relevant variable that the advertising industry takes in account as one of several predictors toward buying decisions. Even less research has been made on Latin American social and cultural contexts.


The status quo of Chinese defective automobile products recall is researched.Baesd on the research,the development suggestions about Chinese defective automobile products recall is put forward from recall systems construction,standard formulation and traceability technology guarantee.


Abbink, Klaus, Abdolkarim Sadrieh, and Shmuel Zamir. 1999. The covered response ultimatum game, UniversitÄat Bonn, SFB discussion paper B-416. Abbink, Klaus, Gary E. Bolton, Abdolkarim Sadrieh, and Fang-Fang Tang. 2001. Adaptive learning versus punishment in ultimatum bargaining. Games and Economic Behavior, 37, 1{26. Abreu, Dilip, and Hitoshi Matsushima. 1992a. Virtual implementation in iteratively undominated strategies I: Complete information. Econometrica, 60, 993{1008. |. 1992b. A response to Glazer and Rosenthal. Econometrica, 60, 1439{42. Akerlof, George. 1982. Labor contracts as partial gift exchange. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 97, 543{69. Akerlof, George, and Rachel Kranton. 2000. Economics and identity. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115, 715{53. Allen, Franklin, Stephen Morris, and Hyun Song Shin. 2002. Beauty contests, bubbles and iterated expectations in asset markets. http://www.econ.yale.edu/»sm326/research.html/beauty.pdf. Alvard, Michael. 2000. Cooperative big game hunting. Texas A&M Department of Anthropology. Alvarez, R. Michael, and Jonathan Nagler. 2002. Should I stay or should I go? Sincere and strategic crossover voting in California assembly races. In B. Cain and E. Gerber (Eds.), California's Blanket Primary. Berkeley: University of California Press. Amaldoss, Wilfred, and Sanjay Jain. In press. David versus Goliath: An analysis of asymmetric mixed strategy games and experimental evidence. Management Science. Amershi, Amin, Asha Sadanand, and Venk Sadanand. 1989. Manipulated Nash equilibria, II: Applications and a preliminary experiment. University of Minnesota Department of Accounting discussion paper 1989{6. |. 1992. Player importance and forward induction. Economics Letters, 38, 291{297. Anderson, Christopher, and Colin F. Camerer. 2000. Experience-weighted attraction learning in senderreceiver signaling games. Economic Theory, 16, 689{718. Anderson, John. Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications (5th ed.). New York: Worth. Anderson, Simon P., Jacob K. Goeree, and Charles A. Holt. 2001. Minimum-e®ort coordination games: Stochastic potential and logit equilibrium. Games and Economic Behavior, 34, 177{199. Andreoni, James. 1990. Impure altruism and donations to public goods: A theory of warm-glow giving. Economic Journal, 100, 464{77. Andreoni, James, Paul M. Brown, and Lise Vesterlund. 2002. What makes an allocation fair? Some experimental evidence. Games and Economic Behavior, 40, 1{24. Andreoni, James, and John H. Miller. 1993. Rational cooperation in the ̄nitely repeated prisoner's dilemma: Experimental evidence. Economic Journal, 103, 570{85. |. 2002. Giving according to GARP: An experimental study of rationality and altruism. Econometrica,


Magnesium alloys based on Mg Al Zn system are very attractive materials in many industries due to their speci c properties. One of common forming manners suitable for this kind of material is the application of severe plastic deformation method. This paper is focused on the deformation behavior of AZ63 alloy at equal channel angular pressing process in the temperature range of 250 320 ◦C. For this purpose nite element analysis was used. Main attention was devoted to the in uence of processing parameters on the material ow. Among other, changes of the ow during equal channel angular pressing in chosen regions of the pressed samples were monitored. As variables, temperature, friction coe cient, strain rate, φ-angle or back pressure application were chosen. The comparison of the material ow lines at di erent conditions shows the a ecting of material ow. There are obvious considerable di erences between regions adjacent to the inner radius and those adjacent to the outer radius. For example in the case μ = 0 the dead zone is delimited by the angle Ψ = 36◦, while in the case of friction given by the coe cient μ = 0.04, the value of the angle was Ψ = 26.5◦.


This article will examine how globalization challenges the ways we have traditionally conceptualize higher education curriculum and reviews how globalization may affect educational practices in higher education and its implications. The primary objective of this study was to identify the impacts of globalization on higher education curriculum and create awareness of the need for rethinking in educational practices in higher education curriculum.The information in this article was obtained through review of literature; articles published in peer review journals from the search engines and published books. Although there are many definitions of curriculum, here the focus is on the definition by Hass (1987) which states that curriculum is "all of the experiences that individual learners have in a program of education whose purpose is to achieve broad goals and related specific objectives, which is planned in terms of a framework of theory and research or past and present professional practice" (p.5). Findings reveal that globalization is complex system, involving a large number of integrated components operating together and characterized by constant changes. Although globalization is not a new phenomenon, current trends show that it is erupting every nation in a very high speed. Global issues challenge higher education every day and thus, education can no longer be seen in a strictly national context.


Singly-fed 45° slant-polarized (SP) omnidirectional antennas without complex feed network are proposed in this letter. The antennas consist of a feeding probe that radiates monopolar omnidirectional vertically polarized (VP) fields and parasitic metallic/dielectric parallelepiped elements that convert omnidirectional VP fields into 45° SP fields. Two prototypes with metallic and dielectric parallelepipeds operating in C-band were designed. The bandwidths of the SP metallic and dielectric antennas are given by 15.1% and 31.9%, respectively.


Accelerator-based fourth-generation light sources are utilized in a wide range of interdisciplinary applications such as nanotechnology, materials science, biosciences, and medicine. A hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL), as a state-of-the-art light source, was optimized using evolutionary algorithms for dedicated user applications such as X-ray Raman scattering (XRS), resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), and X-ray emission spectroscopies (XES). Optimal parameter sets were obtained for an in-vacuum planar undulator driven by an 8 GeV electron beam. Performance parameters of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) operation (i.e. optimized SASE performance parameters through evolutionary algorithms) were found to be consistent with operating X-ray FEL facilities around the world. It is shown that FEL characteristics for specific user experiments can be optimized by finding several evolutionary algorithm solutions within the range of 5 keV to 10 keV.


Background: This study is part of an international study and tries to find out which social relations in definitions of happiness, future goals, meaningful things and in situations with a great feeling of happiness are mentioned most.
Method: There were 260 Dutch participants between 30 and 60 years of age. The Eudaimonic Hedonic Happiness Inventory (EHHI questionnaire), which contains open questions about happiness and well-being, was used. An international coding system was translated into Dutch and used for the analysis.
Results: 38,14% of all coded answers related to social relations, 25,24% to family relations, 10,96% to interpersonal relations and 1,94% to the relation to the higher community/ society. In total, the answer Family in general; to have a family was mentioned most often. Most of the answers that related to social relations fell into the subdomain intrinsic value/ meaning. Social relations in general and also answers from the family-domain were mentioned most often at the EHHI subparts situations with a great feeling of happiness and at the meaningful things in life. The domain interpersonal relations was mentioned most often at the definitions of happiness and the domain higher community/ society was only rarely mentioned, independent of the question.
Conclusion/ Discussion: Social relations seem to play a prominent role in people's happiness and well-being. Especially family relations seem to be important here, which seem to have an intrinsic value, they go together with happy situations and give meaning to one's life. Further research is needed to find out in which way social relations and happiness relate to each other and which factors play a role at it.


The most computationally demanding block in the digital front end of a software defined radio (SDR) receiver is the channelizer which operates at the highest sampling rate. Reconfigurability and low complexity are the two key requirements of the SDR channelizers. An architecture for implementing low complexity and reconfigurable finite impulse response (FIR) filters for channelizers is proposed in this paper. Our method is based on the binary common subexpression elimination (BCSE) algorithm. The proposed architecture guarantees minimum number of additions at the adder level and also at the full adder (FA) level for realizing each adder needed to implement the coefficient multipliers. The proposed architecture has been synthesized on 0.18mum CMOS technology. The synthesis results show that the proposed reconfigurable FIR filter can operate at high speed consuming minimum area and power. The average reductions in area and power are found to be 49% and 46% respectively with an average increase in speed of operation of 35% compared to other reconfigurable FIR filter architectures in literature.


Abstract It is well known that a weak solution φ to the initial boundary value problem for the uniformly parabolic equation $\partial _t\varphi - {\rm div}(A\nabla \varphi ) +\omega \varphi = f $ in $\Omega _T\equiv \Omega \times (0,T)$ satisfies the uniform estimate $$\Vert \varphi \Vert_{\infty,\Omega_T}\les \Vert \varphi\Vert_{\infty,\partial_p\Omega_T}+c \Vert f \Vert_{q,\Omega_T}, \ \ \ c=c(N,\lambda, q, \Omega_T), $$ provided that $q \gt 1+{N}/{2}$, where Ω is a bounded domain in ${\open R}^N$ with Lipschitz boundary, T > 0, $\partial _p\Omega _T$ is the parabolic boundary of $\Omega _T$, $\omega \in L^1(\Omega _T)$ with $\omega \ges 0$, and λ is the smallest eigenvalue of the coefficient matrix A. This estimate is sharp in the sense that it generally fails if $q=1+{N}/{2}$. In this paper, we show that the linear growth of the upper bound in $\Vert f \Vert_{q,\Omega _T}$ can be improved. To be precise, we establish $$ \Vert \varphi \Vert_{\infty,\Omega_T}\les \Vert \varphi_0 \Vert_{\infty,\partial_p\Omega_T}+c \Vert f \Vert_{1+{N}/{2},\Omega_T} \left(\ln(\Vert f \Vert_{q,\Omega_T}+1)+1\right). $$


Surface waters could be regarded as including all inland waters permanently or intermittently occurring on the Earth surface in either liquid (rivers, temporary streams, lakes, reservoirs, bogs) or solid (glaciers, snow cover) condition but this article does not attempt to cover the latter. All types of liquid surface waters are considered—rivers, reservoirs, lakes, bogs. The basic terms used to describe these water bodies are defined. Their types and classifications are given, and data are presented on the largest rivers, lakes and reservoirs.


The preparation, characterizations and the studies of self assembled monolayers are introduced. Their applications in metal corrosion protection are reviewed.


Abstract Oversedation of mechanically ventilated children is common in many pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). This practice is driven by the challenges of dealing with children of different ages as they have different behavioral, mental, and emotional statuses. We aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing a target-driven sedation protocol in the PICU on ventilator-free days (VFDs), PICU stays, and hospitalization. A 2-year retrospective cohort study was performed in our PICU between October 1, 2018, and October 1, 2020. All intubated children up to 12 years of age were included. Descriptive analyses and a pre- and postintervention comparison of VFDs and length of stay were used to assess the protocol's effectiveness. A total of 134 patients were studied. There was a significant increase in VFDs in cases with respiratory illness requiring mechanical ventilation after implementing this protocol (19.9 vs. 22.3, respectively, with a p -value of 0.031). Also, there was a trend of reduction in the length of PICU stay (median of 9 vs. 8 days, p  = 0.816), post-PICU length of stay (median of 4 vs. 3 days, p  = 0.055), and hospitalization duration (median of 16 vs. 13 days, p  = 0.062) though not statistically significant. Implementing a target-driven sedation protocol in the PICU significantly affects VFDs in mechanically ventilated respiratory cases. Though inconclusive in our study, implementing such a protocol will influence patients' care and reduce unnecessary sedation uses that will reduce sedation hazards.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core training on basic physical strength(right grip strength, back strength), isokinetic muscular strength(shoulder, trunk), balance and shooting score in rapid fire of high school male athletes. The subjects of this study were randomly assigned into two groups(n=9 in control group; n=9 in core training group). Athletes in training group performed air-dom and thera-band exercises with moderate intensity for 8weeks(3 days/week, 90min/day). The data from this study were analyzed using repeated measure twoway ANOVA. The grip strength, back strength, isokinetic muscular strength(shoulder and trunk), physical balance, and shooting scores in the core training group were improved from those in control group. More specifically, the ratio of the flexor and extensor muscle strength on right shoulder joint (p<.05) and shooting score(p<.05) in the core training group were significantly different more than those in control group. Therefore, these findings suggest that the core training program adopted in this study can be an effective and preventive posture training method for the improvement in the muscle strength of rapid fire athletes. Although the core training program was a safe and appropriate training method for physical balance, future study that considers multi-variable methods such as controlling psychological environment of subject and including more various measurement items for fitness is necessary to delineate and promote further improvements in functional performance in rapid fire athletes.


The role of orographically-induced cyclogenesis in the lee of the Alps in favouring the onset of Euro-Atlantic blocking is investigated by means of numerical simulations of a real case. The model used is the ECMWF global grid-point model as operational in August 1980. While the essential part that the local orography (the Alps) plays in triggering the development of cyclonic disturbances is confirmed for the first time using a global model, the relationship between Alpine cyclogenesis and European blocking remains less clear. The importance of global orography in generating and maintaining the blocking pattern is subsequently investigated and its crucial role evidenced and discussed. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1983.tb00203.x


An undergraduate electrical conductivity measurement experiment in a physical chemistry lab and basic fitting procedures are presented that allow a characterization of micellar system of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) in binary mixture of water and acetonitrile (ACN) as a cosolvent (10%, v/v) at 30.0 °C. Conductivity–concentration data were processed by inbuilt function of ORIGIN software to attain the values of critical micelle concentration by method of integration. Acquiring the data-fitting skills that are developed through the addition of a computational tool to a conventional electrical conductometry experiment has a general significance for its applications to more complex upper-level experiments with the aim to process data and perform fast calculations and graphics.


High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is one of the major challenges of any Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. Many methods have been suggested for reducing PAPR. In this paper we design and implement an OFDM system on a FPGA along with PAPR reduction using Selected Mapping (SLM) technique. We analyse challenges in practical implementation of the system and also investigate the resource utilization increase as compared to a normal OFDM system.


This paper expounds the connotations of the urban culture and the importance of urban culture construction,discusses the relationship between the urban culture and the library,and based on underdeveloped small and medium-sized cities,analyzes the distress situation of the public cultural infrastructure in these cities,points out the resource superiorities of university libraries in small and medium-sized cities and the significance of serving the local culture construction,and probes into the methods and measures adopted by university libraries in serving the local culture construction.


A study is described that is designed for use in determining the training requirements of Coast Guard warrant and commissioned officer billets. The Survey of Officer Billet Educational Requirements in the U.S. Coast Guard (SOBER) required a respondent to (1) estimate his billet's requirements in relation to 681 described educational and training courses and (2) assess his own competencies relative to the same courses. In addition, the SOBER contained various biographical questions, and questions concerning attitudes and opinions about parts of the Coast Guard's postgraduate/post-commission education and training program. Results were analyzed. A procedure was developed for selecting among competing training alternatives and for assigning individuals to the selected alternatives. A comprehensive database was compiled. Several policy recommendations are presented.


The former U.S. Special Middle East Coordinator advises that Washington should not launch a major new policy initiative toward Damascus now, but should focus on Lebanon and engage Syria's neighbors to deal with the possible consequences of Syrian instability.


We describe a mechanism by which complexes between gallium vacancies and oxygen and/or hydrogen act as efficient channels for nonradiative recombination in InGaN alloys. Our identification is based on first-principles calculations of defect formation energies, charge-state transition levels, and nonradiative capture coefficients for electrons and holes. The dependence of these quantities on alloy composition is analyzed. We find that modest concentrations of the proposed defect complexes (∼1016 cm−3) can give rise to Shockley-Read-Hall coefficients A=(107−109) s−1. The resulting nonradiative recombination would significantly reduce the internal quantum efficiency of optoelectronic devices.


Adjacent wires in a VLSI chip become closer as the fabrication technology rapidly evolves. Accordingly it becomes important to consider crosstalk caused by the coupling capacitance between adjacent wires in the layout design for the fast and safe VLSI circuits. The crosstalk is a function of coupling length and distance. The coupling length can be reduced by segment rearrangement technique. This paper presents a crosstalk minimization technique by adjusting the space between adjacent wires. An example is shown in this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.


Classical sociologists worked within a milieu where at least one horizon carved by Marx was within view-i.e. Weber's Protestant Ethnic, Simmel's Philosophy of Money, and Tonnies's Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft were each "inspired directly by Marx's thought". Demonstrating communal and progressive values, Durkheim argued for a science whose criterion can be demonstrated and generally accepted by everybody, and the observer's statements can be verified by others. The study of society and its elementary parts requires acknowledgement of and an approach to the relationships between wholes and parts. Durkheim, Simmel, and Marx were in agreement on the priority of scientific commitments and values, that individuals and social structures are internally related, that the use of the abstractive method was necessary to handle the relationship between appearance and essence and for the search for sociological laws, that induction is the method to uncover these laws, and that non-metaphysical supra-individual realities exist.Keywords: classical sociology; Durkheim; Marx; Simmel; social structure


Abstract Stanley Cavell's theory of film melodrama is used for Christian Petzold's Phoenix, Wolfsburg, and Barbara. Key for Cavell's understanding of classical Hollywood melodrama is his notion of the 'unknown woman.' Remarkably, Petzold's more contemporary melodramas feature unknown, i.e. unacknowledged, desires not only of female heroines but also of male protagonists. In Petzold's melodramas, male and female unknownness is reciprocated: the men and women are unable to have a romantic relationship based on mutual acknowledgment. Petzold shows how the private lives of his protagonists are constricted by public, social circumstances. These restrictions do not relate to what Cavell calls 'front-page moral dilemmas' but rather to ways in which, as Cavell points out, the everydayness of the protagonists' lives is determined by their lack of being at home. In Petzold's melodramas, the protagonists find themselves in a place-in-between-places, which cannot harbor mutual trust, mutual acknowledgment. Typically, the three films feature the negotiation by the protagonists of the significance of public artifacts for their personal lives. These are key scenes determining the moral relevance of melodramas in the everyday appearance of social confinement away from front-page moral dilemmas.


We investigate the distribution of field theories that arise from the low energy limit of flux vacua built on type IIB string theory compactified on the mirror quintic. For a large collection of these models, we numerically determine the distribution of Taylor coefficients in a polynomial expansion of each model's scalar potential to fourth order, and show that they differ significantly from potentials generated by random choices of such coefficients over a flat measure.


This chapter discusses how relations between the United States and the Vatican doubled as a political capitol engaged in shifting patterns of diplomacy with an emerging North American nation. Conducted as an amiably low-key, informal relationship in the post-revolutionary period, the growth of American power—and an even more rapidly growing Catholic population—intrigued the Vatican, which in turn infuriated many non-Catholic U.S. citizens whenever the prospect of formal diplomatic recognition loomed. Protestants and other Americans questioned why the nation's lone church beholden to a foreign potentate should be thus rewarded. When the Lateran Treaty of 1929 guaranteed Italy's recognition of Vatican City's sovereignty, the U.S government was faced with the delicate task of reckoning with—and sometimes abetting—the church's global diplomatic initiatives.


In this paper we successfully experimentally verify the recently introduced protective predictive controller patch for multi-mass drives subject to physical and safety constraints on their variables. The protective patch is obtained through set-theoretic computations that account for the drive model and constraints, as well as the state estimation uncertainties. It is used in combination with the classical LQR controller. The easy implementation of the patch online allows the correction of the LQR control signal in order to suppress the violation of drive constraints and thus avoid possibly dangerous and/or drive-harmful situations during the transients.


The Classics of Early Modern European Theater (EMOTHE) project, based at the University of Valencia (Spain) and directed by Professor Joan Oleza, represents a significant expansion, in a European direction, of the former experience of the international research team led by Oleza on early modern Spanish theater and new research tools and strategies. The group's previous focus was the creation of ARTELOPE, http://artelope.uv.es, a powerful database on Lope de Vega's plays (including summaries of their plots) published online in 2011.The main objective of EMOTHE is the creation of a repertory of classics of early modern European theatrical texts. The project's foundations have already been established by the ARTELOPE group, which has developed a database hosted on a server at the University of Valencia, where the different researchers have personalized privileges for remote access.1Included in the database is a repertory of plays from the four basic traditions of the early modern European theater (Italian, English, French, and Spanish) and the database uses the four corresponding languages. The edition of each play must contain at least two versions, one in the original language and the other in a language of translation. However, the aim is to present each play in the original language and in all three translations; there can also be different versions of the play. The structure is conceived as a galaxy of texts, as a set of planetary systems, in which each star (play) is the orbiting center of its planets, which are other texts related to it. These other texts may be translations of an original play into other languages (this is the most frequent case), but can also be different textual versions in the original language of that play, and may also be later adaptations of the play in the same language or in other languages. The database, for example, allows room for other texts of the same play reflecting different early testimonia in their original language, like in the case of La Estrella de Sevilla, a drama that has come down to us through two very different ancient testimonia. Also it is possible to insert subsequent adaptations, including those versions in different languages: this is, for instance, the case of the Italian comedy Gl'Ingannati, by the Intronati di Siena, adapted (not translated) into Spanish by Lope de Rueda as Los enganados, and the case of La verdad sospechosa, by Juan Ruiz de Alarcon, adapted to the French by Corneille with the title of Le Menteur. Some exceptional cases showing the European circulation of an extremely popular theme will incorporate more adaptations and derivative versions than translations: that is the case of plays featuring the figures of Don Juan or Faustus, for example.The original texts consist of reliable scholarly editions. Permissions to use already existing critical texts are requested, and, if necessary, copyright is paid. The team counts on the collaboration of prestigious editors who are specialists in the different theatrical traditions. In the case of the translations, we attempt to use translations of historical value, which exemplify the circulation of texts in Europe since the sixteenth century. If they cannot be found or do not exist, we use either translations by scholars associated with the team who transfer us their rights, or translations commissioned and subcontracted to specialists. A prose translation will be used if an existing verse translation cannot be found or if a new translation into verse is not feasible.The team's work is structured according to three research lines. Line 1 structures the data that is to be inserted into the different sections of the EMOTHE database and introduces the different versions of a text, where they are marked up in XML/TEI language through a tool already designed for this purpose, and prepared for its subsequent Web and EPUB publication. …


Buoyancy-driven bidirectional pulsating exchange flow through a vent in a horizontal partition is studied experimentally using a brine/water system. The associated transient and pulsating exchange flows were studied by densimetric measurements, flow visualization, and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements for three different vent length-to-diameter ratios : 0.106, 0.0376, and 0.008. A time scale, based on the rate of decay of the density difference between the two compartments, is developed that collapses all experimental data regarding the decay of density in the top compartment into one curve. Flow visualization was used to understand the flow features contributing to the pulsating flow and to provide a quantitative measure of the major pulsation frequency. Interfacial instability between brine and water at the vent was found to contribute to the pulsation. The pulsation frequencies and their decay were determined from the power spectrum of LDV measurements. For the small length-to-diameter ratios (0.008 and 0.0376) there are two different frequencies that decay at different rates, suggesting multiple flow processes that contribute to flow pulsations.


We show that the traveling salesman problem in bounded-degree graphs can be solved in time O((2-ε)n), where ε > 0 depends only on the degree bound but not on the number of cities, n. The algorithm is a variant of the classical dynamic programming solution due to Bellman, and, independently, Held and Karp. In the case of bounded integer weights on the edges, we also give a polynomial-space algorithm with running time O((2-ε)n) on bounded-degree graphs. In addition, we present an analogous analysis of Ryser's algorithm for the permanent of matrices with a bounded number of nonzero entries in each column.


This paper presents a new approach for the enhancement of Synthetic Radar Imagery using Discrete Wavelet Transform and its variants. Some of the approaches like nonlocal filtering (NLF) techniques, and multiscale iterative reconstruction (e.g., the BM3D method) do not solve the RE/SR imaging inverse problems in descriptive settings imposing some structured regularization constraints and exploits the sparsity of the desired image representations for resolution enhancement (RE) and superresolution (SR) of coherent remote sensing (RS). Such approaches are not properly adapted to the SR recovery of the speckle-corrupted low resolution (LR) coherent radar imagery. These pitfalls are eradicated by using DWT approach wherein the despeckled/deblurred HR image is recovered from the LR speckle/blurry corrupted radar image by applying some of the descriptive-experiment-design-regularization (DEDR) based re-constructive steps. Next, the multistage RE is consequently performed in each scaled refined SR frame via the iterative reconstruction of the upscaled radar images, followed by the discrete-wavelet-transform-based sparsity promoting denoising with guaranteed consistency preservation in each resolution frame. The performance of the method proposed is compared in terms of the number of iterations taken by it with other techniques existing in the literature.


glorified by journalists seeking living embodiments of nostalgic images of Ataturk's times. Yet these Kemalists also felt tensions between the nostalgia that caused the private media to glorify them and the neoliberalizing political economy that increasingly excluded elders who still identified themselves so closely with the nation-state. These tensions were also reflected in divergences between the globalized, neoliberal content of museum exhibits for the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Republic (Three Generations of the Republic, produced by the History Foundation, and To Create a Citizen: Introduction to Warfare for Creating a Modern Civilization, produced by Yapi Kredi, a private bank) and how more nostalgic and nationalistic guides and visitors reacted to them. Organizers of these exhibits wanted them to convey a vision of Turkish modernity in which people of different religions, ethnicities, and genders voluntarily embraced each other and a shared vision of homogenized, neoliberal, secular citizenship (from which signs of Islam were notably absent) that could prepare them to move beyond the nation-state into the European Union and the globalization and secularization it represents. Although these exhibits did not display Ataturk himself, guides and visitors often interpreted them in the context of their own nostalgia for and loyalty to Ataturk, and guides even told Ozyurek how much they hated the "Economic Awakening" section of the Three Generations of the Republic exhibit because it glorified selfinterested neoliberal businessmen, whom they perceived as damaging to the Republican emphasis on the importance of the nation-state. Ozyurek has produced a wide-ranging and multifaceted yet intimate and detailed ethnography that serves as a brilliant reminder of how politics are played out not only in discourses produced by elites but also in the discourses, images, and everyday activities of nonelite citizens. Nostalgia for the Modern is a fascinating, original book that sheds new light on often ironic tensions, contradictions, and interdependencies among citizens, the state, nationalism, neoliberalism, and nostalgia, through a seamless integration of rich ethnography and sophisticated theoretical insights. It should be of interest not only to those interested in Turkey but also to anyone interested in the study of nationalism, citizenship, neoliberalism, and the uses of history and memory.


According to the request of plug and play weapon integration,open store management system achieves new weapon integration on the premise of non-modification system software,which needs new software design thought.In this paper,the software model of system was designed,and the software architecture was got on the basis of software model.The design was completed on function of the system,weapon control layer and operating system and module support layer.The software function was realized through analyzing the call of system software for hardware resource.


Due to the fierce competition in clothing industry in New Zealand. This study analysed major determinants that influence consumer behaviors especially in Hamilton. The background of this research was stated at the beginning of the report. Also, there is 14 factor that may impact purchase intentions listed in the article, including store image, employee politeness, clients' gender, products quality, word of mouth as well as other nine determinants. The researcher conducted a primary research and gained all data through a questionnaire. There were 150 informants participated in this research.
After the analysis, the respondents' feature will be demonstrated in descriptive statistics, and the answers to the research question will be described in the results section. The first finding of this research is that employee politeness and consumer's gender can impact the budget people would like to spend in an apparel store. Another finding of this research is that store image, word of mouth, as well as product quality, are the major determinant of the frequency that clients will visit a garment store.
As a result, the researcher provides some recommendations for all clothing retailers to improve sales performance; firstly, coach staff before they provide service to your clients. Secondly, offer some chairs and entertainment for consumer's partner. Thirdly, increase the investment for store's decoration and design a stunning shopping bag for customers to carry. Fourthly, offer clients coupon or discounts when they bring their friends to purchase products together. Finally, retailers should focus on the industry's movement and adjust rapidly.


Over the last decade wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations have shown that steady spanwise mean velocity gradients are able to attenuate the growth of different types of boundary layer ...


EDITORIAL COMMENT: In clinical medicine there is always the tendency to grant authenticity to an opinion expressed in a typewritten report concerning a pathology or radiology investigation and to override the clinician's opinion which in truth is often more accurate. Obstetricians are well aware of the fallibility of their clinical judgement and this applies to the outcome of trial of labour, and assessment of fetal weight; thus clinical opinion tends to be unjustifiably underrated. In this series from West Malaysia the clinicians were more than equal to the technology of ultrasonography. However, this is not the end of the story since the importance of estimation of fetal size is when the baby is small and of questionable viability (is it over 800 g and worth a Caesarean section for a fetal indication, or less than 600 g and not?), or large enough to warrant Caesarean section because of the risk of severe morbidity from shoulder dystocia or uterine rupture if the patient has had a previous Caesarean or has a breech presentation.


A ground based interferometric detector for gravitational waves (GW) mainly consists of a Michelson interferometer with kilometric arms. The very low GW interaction with matter requires to keep the fundamental noises, limiting the detector sensitivity, at very low levels. In particular the sensitivity of the Virgo antenna is limited, at high frequency, by the shot noise, while could be limited by control noise in the low frequency band. To overcome the first limit, in Advanced Virgo, an increase of the input laser power up to 200 W is foreseen. On this topic we studied the thermal effects induced by the absorption of laser radiation in the bulk of the injection optics. In particular the Faraday isolator is strongly affected by thermal self-action, since the absorption in magneto-optical media (TGG) is relatively high. After the TGG crystal a doughnut-like beam with topological charge was observed. Tomographic analysis showed that this beam acquires orbital angular momentum. Besides we demonstrated that a suitable optical set-up can compensate this effect. About the second topic, the attention was focused on the electrostatic actuators for suspended mirror control, that represent a valid alternative to the current coil-magnets actuators. An accurate characterization of such actuators was performed aimed to a correct system design. Also we showed that the effect of stray patch charge on the mirror can be minimized by modulating the driving signal of the actuator.


The potential ability of humic substances to reduce Hg(II) to Hg(0) in aqueous systems and, consequently, strongly influence Hg speciation and mobility in the environment is known but has not been studied in detail. A demonstration of the redox behavior of Hg in the presence of humic substances is made in the present work. Calculations show that the reduction is thermodynamically possible. The effects of some chemical parameters (pH, aerobic/anaerobic conditions, presence of chloride) on the process were studied experimentally. Hg(0) production was highest in Oa-free systems in the absence of chloride at pH ca 4.5, when ca 25% of initially 2x10 -6 M Hg(II) was reduced to Hg(0) in 50 hr. The presence of a competing ion (10 .4 M Eu) in the system as well as methylation of the carboxyl groups in the humic substance considerably reduced the Hg(0) production. The practical importance of the abiotic reduction of Hg in the environment is pointed out.


Recent Russian actions have unequivocally underlined that it does not play by the rules. This provides a wake-up call and should alert not only the countries of the former Soviet Union, but the EU as a whole. For the EU, this has one clear implication: it cannot continue to depend on an unreliable energy supplier, which is prone to use energy as a political tool.
Luckily for the EU, summer is approaching and Europeans will need less Russian gas for heating. However, potential gas supply disruptions remind Europe of its energy vulnerabilities, and of the 2006 and 2009 winters, when Russia's decision to stop the flow of gas to Ukraine led to supply crises in a number of EU Member States.
As the EU's heads of states and governments gather in the European Council on 20 and 21 March, the developments in Ukraine and the possible Russian illegal annexation of Crimea will undoubtedly dominate the discussions. Securing energy supply will figure on the agenda, but energy should also be seen as a means to pressure Russia. It is important that the Member States use the occasion to commit to working together on energy security. If this is addressed in a holistic way, it can also support European industry and climate policy – the other issues on the Council agenda that run the risk of being forgotten.


The reactions of acetone and cyclopentanone on a variety of zeolites with different acidities and pore sizes were investigated in detail by both in situ 13 C solid-state NMR and ex situ methods following extraction. The overall reaction sequence was acid catalyzed aldol condensations followed by secondary reactions such as double bond migration, hydrogen transfer, and cracking, especially in the more acidic zeolites. The formation of reactive complexes between the ketones and the Bronsted acid sites of the zeolites is implicated as a precursor to condensations at low temperature


This study aims to develop abased social integration education model Pela-Gandong as a local content formed through the togetherness of life of the brothers based on kinship values and customary institutions in the context of cultural local wisdom in Maluku. The implementation of the development of this model was based on the desire to recognize, maintain and preserve Maluku culture as an ancestral heritage, which had experienced the shock of harmony in the lives of brothers due to the Maluku conflict in 1999-2004, so through Pela-Gandong based social integration education in Maluku it can be used as a cultural instrument in the intellectual life of the nation but also as an effort to maintain the nobility of the values of the nation's own culture. This study uses a research development method (R & D) using collaboration from the learning design model Borg and Gall with the ADDIE model (Analysis-Design-Develop-Implement-Evaluate), which produces based local content learning products Pela-Gandongas a learning resource local contents of the Maluku region that are intended for elementary school students with the theme "Beautiful Togetherness Pela-Gandong", which refers to the 2013 curriculum used in Indonesia. The target of this study was fourth grade students (four) at SD Inpres Latta, Baguala-Ambon District. The results of this study indicate that the development of based social integration education models is Pela-Gandong- very effective to be used by fourth grade elementary school students as a local content of learning which is shown through the effectiveness of learning products using minimum completeness criteria (KKM), so that Pela-Gandong based social integration education is very relevant for fourth grade elementary school students not only as a local content in introducing Maluku culture, but more than that, namely as a cultural instrument that is effective in revitalizing and transforming contextual cultural values based on local wisdom in Maluku


IN RESPONSE: I appreciate the Annals Editors' selection of Dr. Colloff's letter as representative of a differing perspective, shared by many. However, as noted in the articles cited, concordance between ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes is very high, many single matches occur between the 2 nomenclatures, and several tools and crosswalks are available online and in print for busy clinicians whose electronic health records provide inadequate or insufficient diagnosis code prompts, or alternatively provide an overwhelming array of options (1, 2). The expansion of diagnosis code choices for complex diseases now allows better descriptions of the breadth of severity of illness and not just for payment policy (1). It also offers the potential for decision support and improved quality of care by linking more highly specific diagnosis codes to medication management and other therapies, in accordance with important clinical guidelines. For example, the expanded diagnosis code choices for asthma in ICD-10 now align with the severity of asthma, and the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines encourage busy clinicians to link their therapies in a stepwise manner to the severity of asthma, as now reflected in ICD-10 diagnosis codes (3). Yet despite the expansion of diagnosis code choices in ICD-10, busy clinicians in fact need still more choices, evidenced by the numerous requests to the most recent ICD-10 Coordination and Maintenance Committee (4). These requests include a modernization of ICD-10 diagnoses for pulmonary hypertension, in accordance with the 2013 revision of the World Health Organization classification system and nomenclature. If approved, these additional codes would facilitate numerous research endeavors and public health initiatives. Furthermore, such granular codes for pulmonary hypertension will facilitate provision of effective but expensive pharmacotherapy to narrow, appropriate clinical populations, such as only those with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension deemed ineligible for surgical therapy (5). Dr. Colloff highlighted the humorous aspects of ICD-10, and certainly we all appreciate humorous content appropriately injected into otherwise dry educational presentations about clinical documentation and proper diagnosis coding. But all kidding aside, ultimately the implementation of ICD-10 (and the forthcoming ICD-11!) will represent a step forward for patient care, public health, and medical progress in this tumultuous era of health care reform.


A group G is metabelian if and only if there exists an abelian normal subgroup, A such that the factor group, G/A is abelian. For any group G, the commutativity degree of G is the probability that two randomly selected elements in the group commute and denoted as P(G). Furthermore, the probability of nth degree of a group G, Pn(G) is defined as the probability that the nth power of a random element commutes with another random element of the same group. It is also known as the nth commutativity degree of a group. In this paper, P(G) and Pn(G) for some nonabelian metabelian groups are determined.


rant hosts susceptible to clinical disease, the larvae undergo extensive visceral migration. Ingested larvae penetrate the intestine and migrate initially to the lung and liver and subsequently, throughout the body.4 Clinical signs have been limited to ocular or neurologic disease. Neurologic signs include behavioral changes, ataxia, tremors, circling, head pressing, recumbency, and paddling, followed by coma and death. The severity of signs is related to the large size and rapid growth of the larvae during m i g r a t i ~ n ~ , ~ . ~ . ~ and the release of larval enzymes and metabolic wastes.2 The onset, severity, and duration of clinical disease are dependent on the number of larvae ingested and the size, age, and species of the animal infe~ted.~ Swine,6 opossums, goats, sheep, and cats4 appear to be resistant. Rodents, rabbits, birds, ferrets,' and primates* are most susceptible. Experimental infection of mice with as few as 16 viable eggs was fatal to all mice inoculated.] Dogs appear intermediate in sensitivity. Experimental infection ofjuvenile beagles with 100,000 to 200,000 eggs caused neurologic disease and death within 2 weeks. Dogs infected with 10,000 to 20,000 eggs had less severe clinical disease with a longer time course.lo Although inflammatory lesions in this dog were limited to the central nervous system, granulomas may be found widespread throughout the body.3,4,5,8 If infection with Baylisascaris sp. is suspected, intact larvae can be recovered by Baermann extraction of fresh tissue. Cerebrospinal fluid may be useful for antemortem diagnosis. Bayhascaris sp. infection has caused eosinophilic and lymphocytic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid of h ~ m a n s ~ , ~ and monkeys.8 Eosinophilic leukocytosis has been reported in the peripheral blood of infected humanszJ and experimentally infected dogs. lo


ABSTRACT Neural crest cells migrate long distances throughout the embryo and rely on extracellular signals that attract, repel and/or stimulate survival to ensure proper contribution to target derivatives. Here, we show that leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase (LTK), an ALK-type receptor tyrosine kinase, is expressed by neural crest cells during early migratory stages in chicken embryos. Loss of LTK in the cranial neural crest impairs migration and results in increased levels of apoptosis. Conversely, midkine, previously proposed as a ligand for ALK, is secreted by the non-neural ectoderm during early neural crest migratory stages and internalized by neural crest cells in vivo. Similar to loss of LTK, loss of midkine reduces survival of the migratory neural crest. Moreover, we show by proximity ligation and co-immunoprecipitation assays that midkine binds to LTK. Taken together, these results suggest that LTK in neural crest cells interacts with midkine emanating from the non-neural ectoderm to promote cell survival, revealing a new signaling pathway that is essential for neural crest development. Summary: Midkine secreted from the ectoderm acts as a survival factor by binding to the extracellular region of LTK, triggering a signaling pathway that is crucial for neural crest development in chicken.


Halal logistics is a notion that supports the wholesomeness of halal supply chain. This new area of study is still scarcely researched, particularly studies that provide empirical evidence on adoption of Halal logistics. Thus, this study aims to understand the internal and external factors that influence the intention of Malaysian small medium enterprises (SME) to adopt halal logistics services (HLS). This research employed a quantitative research design using survey research method. Three objectives were established. Firstly, to investigate the current state of halal logistics adoption among SMEs that was achieved through literature reviews and preliminary study. There were 13 factors found with four internal and seven external factors which were reduced to seven after pilot study and reliability test were conducted. The hypotheses derived were based on seven factors acquired: the presence of familiarity with innovation, status characteristics and position in social network as internal factors; and benefits, geographical setting, societal culture and political condition as external factors. The second objective is to determine the significant factors that influence SMEs intention to adopt HLS. Online questionnaires made available to 1642 enterprise decision makers of halal SMEs listed in Halal Industry Development Corporation (HDC) Halal Directory and 176 valid responses were received. Correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses. Four of seven hypotheses were supported. Finally, the final objective was achieved by the proposal of an adoption intention model which Structural Equation Modeling was used to evaluate the fitness of the model. The proposed model showed that both internal and external factors have strong predictive power on the adoption intention of HLS among Malaysian SMEs. Therefore, this study has succeeded in stipulating evidence to show that being in the same social group HLS players and being familiar on HLS will significantly influence SMEs to adopt HLS. Being positioned in the same group of HLS actors will result in higher accessibility to information on HLS. Understanding of HLS benefits versus cost and with good support from the government are the necessary enablers of adoption of HLS among Malaysian SMEs. This study has also made major contribution to future research in service innovation adoption by providing an instrument to measure intention adoption service innovation model.


The Controlled Source Magnetotelluric (CSMT) survey was conducted over the Malabuyoc Geothermal Prospect from May 16, 2002 June 8, 2002 covering the towns of Malabuyoc and a portion of Alegria, in Cebu Province. The survey is the Department of Energy's (DOE's) commitment in the Health Spa Resort Development Project, an interagency collaboration between the Department of Tourism (DOT), Department of Energy (DOE) and Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health CareDepartment of Health (PITAHC-DOH). The project objective is to promote identified geothermal areas for health spa resort development while the survey is to establish the presence and extent of hot water at a medium depth between 300-500 meters for non-electrical applications. This technique has been used successfully in the exploration of shallow groundwater resources in the United States (Zonge, 1992).


The uneven settlement of subgrade-bridge transition section has a great influence on the driving safety and comfort of high-speed vehicles. This paper studies the mapping relationship between uneven settlement of subgrade and rail deformation in this section and it has been used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the high-speed train when it is passing through the transition section. After the mechanism analysis of rail deformation, the subgrade-bridge transition section with CRTS-III slab ballastless track is built by finite element method (FEM). Mapping relationship between uneven settlement of subgrade and rail deformation can be obtained by large amounts of calculation. Based on the rail deformation curves from FEM model, the functional expression of the mapping relationship is given using least squares polynomial method. Finally, based on train-track coupled dynamics, the dynamic behaviors of the high speed train are analyzed on different conditions. The results show that there is a mapping relationship between settlement of subgrade and rail deformation, which can be given by a function. The function can describe the rail deformation accurately and reliably in transition section. The uneven settlement amplitude will not influence the wheel and rail force. However, the acceleration of carbody will increase with greater amplitude of settlement. The results of this paper can be the reference to the construction and maintenance of subgrade-bridge transition section.


Sex determination on monomorphic birds which has no sexual dimorphism would be difficult just by observing their morphological characteristics. Some of the ways that can be used to distinguish the sex of monomorphic birds include using DNA analysis by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The canary feather samples which has been extracted then amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using P2 and P8 primer. PCR results then read using elektroforensis on 1% agarose gel to see the DNA fragments. Sex determination on the birds use W/Z sex determination system. The female sex is marked by the emergence of two bands and on male sex with one band on electrophorensis photo. Two samples of the canary feathers (Serinus canaria) that were amplified by PCR obtained 350 bp size for the Z chromosome, and 400 bp for the W chromosome, and from the results of this electrophorensis reading obtained both sample was female. The result shows that the PCR method in terms for sex determination on monomorphic birds especially canary birds is very effective to differentiate the sex of young birds and the adults.


This short communication describes possible implications of environmental pollution for the onto- and phylopatogenic models that describe etiopathogenic processes along the whole ontogeny and in transgenerational mode respectively.


Internet and Web technology starts to penetrate many aspects of our daily life. Its importance as a medium for business transactions will grow exponentially during the next years. In terms of the involved market volume the B2B area will hereby be the most interesting area. Also it will be the place, where the new technology will lead to drastic changes in established customer relationships and business models. B2B market places provide new kinds of services to their clients. Simple 1-1 connections are getting replaced by n-m relationships between customers and vendors. However, this new flexibility in electronic trading also generates serious challenges for the parties that want to realize it. The main problem here is caused by the heterogeneity of information descriptions used by vendors and customers. Intelligent solutions that help to mechanize the process of structuring, classifying, aligning, and personalizing are a key requisite for successfully overcoming the current bottlenecks of B2B electronic commerce. In this paper, we describe a system called GoldenBullet that applies techniques from information retrieval and machine learning to the problem of product data classification. The system helps to mechanize an important and labor-intensive task of content management for B2B Ecommerce.


The socialistic honor concept, of which the main content is "8 honors and 8 shames", presents the ethical requirements and evaluation criteria of human social activities briefly. This paper discusses the understanding and experience on learning and practicing of socialistic honor concept from three aspects as that the socialistic honor concept is the flag that led social fashion, that setting socialistic honor concept is an important guarantee of building a harmonious campus, and that the emphasis of establishing the socialistic honor concept is to practice.


Irradiation using short pulse, high peak irradiance sources can lead to novel photochemical reactions due to multiphoton absorption and consequent population of upper excited states. A brief review of biological reactions emanating from multiphoton photochemistry is presented.


The present invention relates to a dynamic clock control apparatus and method for a pipeline system, the preset period of the clock generator for outputting a clock signal, is added to each stage and path delays copy circuit for outputting the processing speed of each stage, the performance of the clock control unit pipeline system, including receiving from said clock generating unit by using the operation rate of each stage to adjust the delay of the clock provided to the register between stage and stage for receiving from the path delay copy circuit and It has the effect of improving the power efficiency. Pipeline (Pipeline), operation speed, clock, clock cycle, delay


This paper presents the functions of the RA center in CA, analyzes the interface relation between RA center and CA. In software design ,we elaborate the material design structure through five aspects below : runing entironment,software frame,algorithm .database structure and the error handling. This system has been applied in department of government and armed police ,and running stably .


We propose a next generation co-packaged substrate using Si photonics dies, a polymer optical waveguide, and a optical connector to achieve beyond 10 Tb/s and WDM optical links. The two micro-mirrors and polymer waveguides were integrated, and their optical characteristics were evaluated.


Our goal is to predict the performance of multi-node systems consisting of identical processing nodes from single node profiles. The performance of multi-node systems that have coherent caches considerably depends on coherence overhead, which is roughly in direct proportion to the number of transfers of cached copies. We analytically model the number of transfers of cached copies of a data block per write access for random accesses where multi-node systems have multi-versioned coherence mechanisms. Our model aims at helping to predict a baseline performance when closed and/or complex business applications are running, such as clustered databases, the algorithmic behaviours of which are practically impossible to analyse and characteristics of which vary from system to system. To empirically verify our analytical model and show how coherence overhead varies in accordance with parameters, we compared the number of transfers that was predicted by our model and that was counted by a toy simulator of multi-versioned mechanisms.


Bucky gel actuator (BGA) is a dry electroactive nanocomposite which is driven with a few volts. BGA's remarkable features make this tri-layered actuator a potential candidate for morphing applications. However, most of these applications would require a better understanding of the effective parameters that influence the BGA displacement. In this study, various sets of experiments were designed to investigate the effect of several parameters on the maximum lateral displacement of BGA. Two input parameters, voltage and frequency, and three material/design parameters, carbon nanotube type, thickness, and weight fraction of constituents were selected. A new thickness ratio term was also introduced to study the role of individual layers on BGA displacement. A model was established to predict BGA maximum displacement based on the effect of these parameters. This model showed good agreement with reported results from the literature. In addition, an important factor in the design of BGA-based devices, lifetime, was investigated.


The solubility in the system K2O-HfO2-aq-H2O under 25 °C is studied. Forming the compounds HfO2-H2O; K2Hf2O5-9H2O and K2Hf(OH)2-0,5H2O is found out. These compounds are characterized by physical and chemical methods of analysis.


A payment method and system are provided. The payment method can comprise the steps of: specifying a remittance account of a sender and a received account of a receiver in relation to a remittance request received from a terminal of the sender through a network; searching a transaction history database for a past transaction history between the remittance account and the received account; calculating a degree of risk of the receiver on the basis of at least one of a transaction history with other users of the receiver, a conversation history using a messaging service between the sender and the receiver, and a received account list designated by the sender, when the past transaction history does not exist; and determining an authentication method for the receiver on the basis of the calculated degree of risk of the receiver.


Abstract: This article presents the results of a longitudinal analysis of a large, nationally representative U.S. dataset. Based on the theoretical considerations outlined, it examines how a range of social and demographic factors are associated with marital disruption, that is, divorce or separation.


We describe a novel concept for classification of complex 3-dimensional geometry based on a concept we refer to as the Divider Set. It is a novel alternative concept to maximal disks, Voronoi sets and cut loci, which is based on a formal definition relating to topology and differential geometry. In this paper we introduce the concept of the Divider Set within the context of definition morphology of objects. We then discuss the computation the Divider Set for complex 3-dimentional geometry. In particular, in this paper, we have shown how the Divider Set can be computed for surfaces described in parametric form. In order to computer the Divider Set, two forms of solutions have been described, one analytic which takes advantage of the special parametric form of the surface and the other a numerical solution which can be utilised for general parametric surfaces. In order to show the applicability of the techniques we illustrate our concepts through a number of examples.


Abstract The population biology of the black land crab, Gecarcinus ruricola (Linnaeus, 1758), was studied in the San Andres Archipelago in the western Caribbean. Investigations were conducted on the islands of San Andres (SA), and Old Providence/Santa Catalina (OP). On both islands the mean size differed little between the sexes, but males reached a larger maximum size by ∼5 mm CW. Crabs of both sexes reached greater mean and maximum sizes on OP than on SA (by ∼10 mm CW): this is tentatively attributed to the higher human population and heavier crab exploitation on the latter. The density of crabs was higher on OP than on SA. In natural 'forest' habitats it averaged 2174 crabs Ha−1 in the former, and 804 crabs Ha−1 in the latter. On both islands the densities were higher in watersheds adjacent to the coastlines where breeding females migrate to the sea, and to which returning larvae recruit. The total population estimates were about 3 million crabs on OP, and 800,000 on SA. The lower density and population size on SA can be attributed to a combination of environmental degradation and heavy exploitation. The relative growth patterns showed no unusual features. The species is heterochelic, without preferential handedness. The growth patterns of the chelae resulted in modest levels of both heterochely and sexual dimorphism; this has implications for the pattern of exploitation.


The process of gas evolution from geopressured brine is examined using as a basis the many past studies of gas evolution from liquids in porous media. A discussion of a number of speculations that have been made concerning gas evolution from geopressured brines is provided. According to one, rapid pressure reduction will cause methane gas to evolve as when one opens a champagne bottle. It has been further speculated that evolved methane gas would migrate up to form an easily producible cap. As a result of detailed analyses, it can be concluded that methane gas evolution from geopressured brines is far too small to ever form a connected gas saturation except very near to the producing well. Thus, no significant gas cap could ever form. Because of the very low solubility of methaned in brine, the process of methane gas evolution is not at all analogous to evolution of carbon dioxide from champagne. A number of other speculations and questions on gas evolution are analyzed, and procedures for completing wells and testing geopressured brine reservoirs are discussed, with the conclusion that presently used procedures will provide adequate data to enable a good evaluation of this resource.


We present a cross-layer customization methodology for latency and bandwidth efficient inter-core communication in embedded multiprocessors. The methodology integrates compiler, operating system, and hardware support to achieve a bandwidth efficient, snoop- free, and coherence cache miss-free shared memory communication between synchronized producer and consumers cores. A compiler- driven code transformation is introduced that utilizes a simple ISA support in the form of a special write-through store instruction. It ensures that producer writes are propagated to the consumers with a single bus transaction per cache block when the producer performs the last write to that cache line before exiting its synchronization region. Information regarding the shared buffers involved in the communications is captured by the OS and provided to the cores with the purpose of filtering bus traffic and performing remote updates when necessary. The end result of the proposed methodology is a single bus transaction per shared cache block and snoop-free communication between a producer and a set of consumers with no intervening coherence misses on the consumer caches. Our experiments demonstrate the significant reductions in both bus traffic and cache misses for a set of multiprocessor benchmarks.


We study the choice between named and anonymous mutual fund managers. We argue that fund families weigh the benefits of naming managers against the cost associated with their increased future bargaining power. Named managers receive more media mentions, have greater inflows, and suffer less return diversion due to within family cross-subsidization, but departures of named managers reduce net flows. Naming managers became less common between 1993 and 2004. This was especially true in the asset classes and cities most affected by the hedge fund boom, which increased outside opportunities for, and the cost of retaining, successful named managers.


With the support of four vegetarian and vegan companies established on the Swedish market, Astrid och Aporna, Ekko Gourmet, Tzay and Quorn, the objective of this study is to understand why companie ...