A clad material comprising a core material, a first skin material covering a side of the core material, and a second skin material covering the other side of the core material. The clad material is soldered in a state in which the first and the second skin material overlap each other. The core material is made of an Al alloy comprising Mn (0.6 to 1.5 mass%), Ti (0.05 to 0.25 mass%), Cu (less than 0.05% by mass) , Zn (less than 0.05 mass%), Fe (0.2% by mass or less) and Si (0.45% by mass or less) (balance: Al and inevitable impurities). The first skin material is made of an Al alloy comprising Si (6.8 to 11.0 mass%) and Zn (0.05% by mass or less) (balance: Al and inevitable impurities). The second skin material is made of an Al alloy comprising Si (4.0 to 6.0% by mass) and Cu (0.5 to 1.0 mass%) (balance: Al and inevitable impurities).


The present work has made it possible to assess a new alternative for the treatment of wastewater generated by the slaughtering center rates, on the basis of the design and construction of a prototype of the biofilter using the crushed brick as a filtering material. This method is relatively cheap and economical, at the same time the construction of the model and the maintenance do not need a high cost.
The process started with the construction of the model through, a support structure, hydraulic installations, container of filter material (crushed brick). The functinging of the model of the biofilter begins with filling of the Reservoir of 55 gal with waste water from the Slaughtering Rates center Tena, which passes through the prototype and remain in a period of three months of oparation in order to evaluate the performance of the crushed bricks and determine its efficiency to reduce pollutants. Making ten chemical analysis of samples of the filtered waste water can evaluate the parameters of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) and ST (Total) to determine the reduction of contamination that is initially present.
The samples of the analysis were carried to the the Quality Control Laboratory of the Municipal Company of Drinking Water and Sewerage system of Ambato EP-EMAPA. The result that for the BOD5 concentration have decreased by 45.59% in relation to the non-filtered water, thus maintaining lower concentrations to 450mg/l, for the parameter COD concentrations below 1400mg/l with an average efficiency of the filter for the 50.29% and for the ST parameter analyzed, evidence concentrations lower than 1300mg/l, with an average efficiency of the filter with crushed bricks of 44.72%.


'Sovereign Tiara' (Vitis spp. hybrid) is the second of two white wine grape cultivars recently released by the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Summerland, B.C. Like 'Sovereign Opal' (1), 'Sovereign Tiara' is a late-midseason grape cultivar useful for both varietally labeled and proprietary products. Consistently high yields make 'Sovereign Tiara' ideal for use as a bulk blending grape, and render it advantageous over 'Sovereign Opal' for this purpose. Compared to 'Okan-agan Riesling', yield and winter hardiness of 'Sovereign Tiara' are superior, while fruit composition is comparable.


The recent growth of the World Wide Web at increasing rate and speed and the number of online available resources populating Internet represent a massive source of knowledge for various research and business interests. Such knowledge is, for the most part, embedded in the textual content of web pages and documents, which is largely represented as unstructured natural language formats. In order to automatically ingest and process such huge amounts of data, single-machine, non-distributed architectures are proving to be inefficient for tasks like Big Data mining and intensive text processing and analysis. Current Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems are growing in complexity, and computational power needs have been significantly increased, requiring solutions such as distributed frameworks and parallel computing programming paradigms. This paper presents a distributed framework for executing NLP related tasks in a parallel environment. This has been achieved by integrating the APIs of the widespread GATE open source NLP platform in a multi-node cluster, built upon the open source Apache Hadoop file system. The proposed framework has been evaluated against a real corpus of web pages and documents.


Using the Chern-Simons effective model of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) systems, we complete partial results obtained in the literature on FQHE concerning topological orders of FQH states. We show that there exists a class of effective FQH models having the same filling fraction $\nu$, interchanged under $ Gl(n,Z)$ transformations and extends results on Haldane hierarchy. We also show that Haldane states at any generic hierarhical level n may be realised in terms of n Laughlin states composites and rederive results for the n=2,3 levels respectively associated with $\nu= {{2}\over{5}}$ and $\nu= {{3}\over{7}}$ filling fractions. We study symmetries of the filling fractions series $\nu= {{p_2}\over{p_1 p_2 -1}}$ and $\nu= {{p_1 p_2 -1}\over{p_1 p_2 p_3 -p_1 -p_2}}$, with $p_1$ odd and $p_2$ and $p_3$ even integers, and show that, upon imposing the Gl(n,Z) invariance, we get remarkable informations on their stability. Then, we reconsider the Rausch de Traubenberg and Slupinsky (RdTS) algebra recently obtained in [1,2] and analyse its limit on the boundary $\partial({AdS_3})$ of the (1+2) dimensional manifold $AdS_3$. We show that generally one may distinguish bulk highest weight states (BHWS) living in $AdS_3$ and edge highest weight states (EHWS)living on the border $\partial({AdS_3})$. We explore these two kinds of RdTS representations carrying fractional values of the spin and propose them as condidates to describe the FQH states.


Single carriageway distributor roads with an 80 km/h speed limit (80km/h roads) are among the least safe roads in the Netherlands. A combination of factors are responsible, among which the road design and the spatial integration. Road design guidelines are intended to provide a specific or minimum level of road safety. However, presently these guidelines are insufficiently supported by empirical knowledge about the relation between the characteristics of road design and road safety. In addition, design guidelines are not always applied in practice. This lack of knowledge stands in the way of an accurate estimate of the road safety effects of such deviations from the guidelines. Hence, there is a definite need into the relation between the road design and road safety. Together with road authorities and knowledge partners SWOV investigated the relation between the road safety and the design characteristics of the 80km/h roads (the vertical cross section consisting of elements like carriageways, lanes, narrow shoulders, direction separators, obstacle-free zones, et cetera). This was done with the purpose of creating a scientific basis describing the relation between road design and road safety, more in particular for the 'composition' of the cross sectional profile by the different elements. The study was made possible by contributions from the Fund Collective Knowledge (FCO) and the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment. The study was divided into three sub studies: 1. a study into the actual design and implementation of cross sectional profiles in the Netherlands; 2. an (inter)national literature study into the relation between design characteristics and road safety; 3. a practical study consisting of a behavioural study and a mathematical modelling study. The latter investigated whether a Crash Prediction Model (CPM) can be developed to quantitatively describe the relation between design characteristics and crashes. This report may be accessed by Internet users at: http://www.swov.nl/rapport/D-2013-02.pdf


The existence of universal scalings in the vicinity of the jamming transition of sheared granular materials is predicted by the mean-field theory. The critical exponents are explicitly determined in the case of the linear spring model, which are independent of the spatial dimension. The validity of the theory is verified by the molecular dynamics simulation.


COVID-19 is a global public health emergency, which has a great and far-reaching impact on all aspects of the world. So far, it is not over, with a lot of uncertainty, which greatly increases the social risk. "Psychological typhoon eye effect" was put forward by Shu Li(2009) to describe the anxiety level of people at different spatial distances from the disaster area, the farther away from the disaster area, the higher the anxiety level of people. Two surveys have found that this effect does exist in COVID-19. It was argued that it is of practical significance to study people's psychological panic in COVID-19 from the perspective of the psychological typhoon eye effect. However, the psychological typhoon eye effect is only an analogy, and the cause or mechanism of its occurrence is not clear. Therefore, future research, especially in the context of COVID-19, should further study its implication and mechanism.


The purpose of this article is to contribute to the analysis of Chinese income inequality by focusing more specifically on income polarisation, which captures both alienation (i.e. heterogeneity between income groups) and identification (i.e. homogeneity within groups). The empirical investigations conducted as part of this research are based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1989 to 2006 and indicate that Chinese household income is strongly polarised. After a period of stagnation between 1989 and 1997, the degree of polarisation increased significantly between 1997 and 2006, indicating the constitution of identified groups in middle and upper income ranges. Although the level of income polarisation is higher in rural areas, the increase in polarisation is far more conspicuous in urban areas, suggesting that the risk of social tensions is more pregnant in Chinese cities. The analysis of the sources of income polarisation in rural areas shows that the increase in polarisation is closely linked to non-agricultural opportunities. In urban areas the emergence of identified groups in middle and upper income classes can be explained both by the sharp decline in subsidies and by the liberalisation of the urban labour market and state enterprises.


The psychiatric rehabilitation professionals and the vocational rehabilitation professionals are studied to compare their concept, aim and methods on the rehabilitation program. The goal of this Study is to provide more efficient and improved service to the people with psychiatric disabilities through the rehabilitation program The suggestions of this study are as follows; First, co-operation between two groups is necessary. Second, The vocational rehabilitation program for the psychiatric rehabilitation should be encouraged to perform, and the way of employing the people with disabilities should be through competition. Finally, the organizations which are involved in Welfare for Disabled Persons Act, Promotion of Employment and Vocational Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons Act are required to have more active attitude to execute the suggestions mentioned above. Also, more work and training setting are required to be built and a remedy on the system such as realization to medicare and medicaid is necessary.


The recombination of iodine atoms in the presence of argon and I2 has been studied between 300 and 1164°K. The rate constants, krAr and krI2, are (in liters2 mole−2·second−1) Temperature (°K)29847357386410641164krAr × 10−8248.76.64.84.14.4krI2 × 10−101401160.9 At 1064°K, the rate constants krI2 and krI were estimated to be equal to or less than 10krAr. These results were interpreted in terms of the radical–molecule complex (RMC) mechanism [J. K. K. Ip and G. Burns, J. Chem. Phys. 51, 3414 (1969) and J. A. Blake, R. J. Browne, and G. Burns, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 3320 (1970)]. This mechanism predicts that the interaction potential between an iodine atom and an argon atom is four to nine times deeper than the potential between argon and xenon, which is iodine's neighbor in the periodic table. The potential depth for the I–Ar complex was estimated to be between 1.2 and 2.8 kcal/mole, depending upon which assumptions were used in the RMC mechanism. The interaction potential between I and I2 was estimated to be 5....


Background— Radiofrequency ablation is routinely used to treat cardiac arrhythmias, but gaps remain in ablation lesion sets because there is no direct visualization of ablation-related changes. In this study, we acutely identify and target gaps using a real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) system, leading to a complete and transmural ablation in the atrium. Methods and Results— A swine model was used for these studies (n=12). Ablation lesions with a gap were created in the atrium using fluoroscopy and an electroanatomic system in the first group (n=5). The animal was then moved to a 3-tesla MRI system where high-resolution late gadolinium enhancement MRI was used to identify the gap. Using an RT-MRI catheter navigation and visualization system, the gap area was ablated in the MR scanner. In a second group (n=7), ablation lesions with varying gaps in between were created under RT-MRI guidance, and gap lengths determined using late gadolinium enhancement MR images were correlated with gap length measured from gross pathology. Gaps up to 1.0 mm were identified using gross pathology, and gaps up to 1.4 mm were identified using late gadolinium enhancement MRI. Using an RT-MRI system with active catheter navigation gaps can be targeted acutely, leading to lesion sets with no gaps. The correlation coefficient (R2) between the gap length was identified using MRI, and the gross pathology was 0.95. Conclusions— RT-MRI system can be used to identify and acutely target gaps in atrial ablation lesion sets. Acute targeting of gaps in ablation lesion sets can potentially lead to significant improvement in clinical outcomes.


High yields (61% of the original lignin) of low molecular weight oil (84% of the oil eluted through GC) have been obtained by hydrotreating kraft pine lignin with a water-soluble molybdenum catalyst at 430 °C for 60 min. The main compounds in the product oil were phenols (8.7% of the original lignin), cyclohexanes (5.0%), benzenes (3.8%), naphthalenes (4.0%), and phenanthrenes (1.2%). The degree of hydrodeoxygenation was 98%. The quality (measured by GPC and GC) of the product was as good as when using more expensive solid NiMo-Cr 2 O 3 catalysts


EThe present study is focused on the cultural conformity of musical computer instruments in the context of relevant forms of socio-cultural functioning of new types of musical creativity. The authors conducted the analysis of pedagogical use of digital musical instruments, namely, synthesizer keyboard, digital button or piano accordion for sociocultural activity. The results of the research were presented in the collections of materials of the annual International Research and Practical Conference "Contemporary Music Education" (St. Petersburg) and collections of articles "Digital Musical Instruments" and "Music Computer Technologies". The authors insist on the implementation of music computer technology and digital musical instruments for the modernization of music educational process at all stages, i.e., at schools, colleges, and universities.


PURPOSE: To increase the electrostatic storage capacity of a limited area by alternately laminating nodes and plates made of low resistance layers via a dielectric layer, removing part of the film, and connecting the nodes to each other and the plates to each other. CONSTITUTION: After a photoresist RP has been deposited, a photoresist PR is patterned by using a mask in which a pattern of the mask of a second node 7 is extended by about 1 μm. Then, the photoresist PR is heated, reflowed along a sidewall of a dielectric 7a, and the dielectric 6a is removed by etching by, for example, an RIE method. Then, the photoresist PR is removed, a polycrystalline silicon layer which is to become a second plate is formed by using polycrystalline silicon (since part of the film 6a is removed at this time, a first plate 6 is connected to a second plate 8), then photoetched to form the second plate 8. Eventually, an oxide layer 9 and a BPS layer 1 are sequentially formed in accordance with general processes.


EUROPEAN COMPOSERS Mendelssohn and the Organ. By Wm. A. Little. Oxford: Oxford Uni - versity Press, 2010. [xvi, 486 p. ISBN 9780195394382. $65.] Music examples, illustrations, facsimiles, appendices, bibliography, index. Mendelssohn's life famously overflowed with friends, family, travel, art, and music- a heady whirl of concerts, meetings, social engagements, and hard work that continued almost unabated until his early death in 1847. Extracting just one strand from this intricately woven tapestry is a formidable and delicate challenge; each part of his life overlapped with and informed the others-a challenge accepted here with elan by Wm. A. Little (emeritus professor of German and music at the University of Virginia). Although Mendelssohn was certainly celebrated as an organist in his lifetime, his compositional output for the instrument was not large, and Mendelssohn the organist now tends to be overshadowed by Mendelssohn the composer, conductor, and pianist. When the resulting product of focusing on one under-scrutinized aspect of a career is a volume of 502 pages, we realize that, until now, we have merely been seeing the tip of the proverbial iceberg. Mendelssohn and the Organ offers the reader two separate but tightly integrated approaches to the study of his activities as an organist. Part 1 relates a biographical and historical narrative in ten chapters, each dealing with a specific facet of his career from his early lessons to his activities as a performer, composer, and editor. Much of the information Little collects here is sure to be of great use to scholars of the organ whether they have a particular interest in Mendelssohn or not. For example, as Little sets the stage with an investigation of the "Berlin Organ Scene" before Mendels - sohn's first lessons, he includes a list of the organs that were available in venues around Berlin from parish churches to Schlos Charlottenburg, as well as a list of known organists associated with each instrument (pp. 8-14). Much of the biographical information covered can already be found in many other publications, so it is debatable whether or not it was necessary to include it in an already hefty volume, although the narrative here is of course usefully focused on Mendelssohn's activities as an organist. Little's views on Mendelssohn's spirituality are likely to be contested by some scholars; he maintains that Mendelssohn was "simply not by nature religiously inclined in any traditional sense" (p. 22). As support for this view, Little claims that Mendelssohn did not directly invoke the name of the Divinity in his musical manuscripts. However, Mendelssohn routinely wrote the initials for the prayers "Lass es gelingen, Gott" ("Let it succeed, God") or "Hilf Du mir" ("Assist me," addressing the Divinity with the familiar "Du"), on the first drafts of his works. Little is clearly aware of and cites these prayers (p. 23), which undermine his argument, so it is unclear why he presents this viewpoint. Particularly useful for both scholars and performers are the separate chapters detailing the genesis of Mendelssohn's organ works in part 2. Each work is listed chronologically, with an incipit, key, time signature, date, manuscript location, first editions, secondary literature, and its place in Little's edition of Mendelssohn's organ music (Complete Organ Works, 5 vols. [London: Novello, 1987-1990]), where applicable, as well as several paragraphs of commentary. This is immensely helpful for quick, targeted reference. The Six Organ Sonatas, op. 65 are allotted four separate chapters, from composition to reception. Little's experience as an editor is evident in the precision of information provided and attention to detail lavished on these chapters. The emphasis on organization and categorization renders the study less of a book to read cover-to-cover, however, and more of a German-style reference work. In addition, Little's use of special symbols to indicate the relationships between various sources and versions of works is somewhat offputting and confusing to the uninitiated; the symbols are listed on page xv, but aren't really used until page 243. …


Algorithm of thyristor control for the single-phase four-zone converter with the ladder structure, functioning in regenerative mode was compiled; investigation of the proposed converter was conducted. The correctness of thyristor control algorithms was checked by means of a computer model in the medium MATLAB / Simulink.


THE rise in the incidence of tonsillectomy is one of the major phenomena ofmodern surgery, for it has been estimated that 200,000 of these operations are performed annually in this country and that tonsillectomies form one-third of the number of operations performed under general ancesthesia in the United States. There are, moreover, features in the age, geographical and social distribution of the incidence, so unusual as to justify the decision of the Section of Epidemiology to devote an evening to its discussion.


A 73-year-old male patient with history of hypertension presented to the hospital with altered mental status, right facial droop, and bilateral leg swelling. His last known normal (LKN) time was unclear. Patient was homeless with no prior documented medical conditions, no prior history of stroke or coagulopathy. Computed tomography of his brain on presentation was concerning for left hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign; subsequent computed tomography angiography of his head confirmed occlusion of the M1 segment of the left middle cerebral artery. An ultrasound of the lower extremities showed a thrombus in the femoral and popliteal veins bilaterally. Arterial Doppler ultrasound showed diminished flow in the bilateral femoral arteries with no flow in the popliteal arteries. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed an echogenic density in the right atrium extending into the left atrium and left ventricle across the mitral valve via a patent foramen ovale (PFO) (Figure 1, Supplementary material online, Video S1). The findings were suggestive of an embolus in transit through a PFO. Patient was anticoagulated with unfractionated heparin. Endovascular embolectomy was attempted but unsuccessful. He was not a candidate for thrombolysis given unclear LKN in the context of stroke. He passed away with multiorgan ischaemia after a complicated hospital course. In discussion, the association between PFO and cryptogenic stroke has been controversial. Certain features of a PFO have been


Describes and evaluates a language model using word classes that have been automatically generated from a word clustering algorithm. Class-based language models have been shown to be effective for rapid adaptation, training on small datasets, and reduced memory usage. In terms of model perplexity, prior work has shown diminished returns for class-based language models constructed using very large training sets. This paper describes a method of using a class model as a backoff to a bigram model which produced significant benefits even when trained from a large text corpus. Tests results on the Whisper continuous speech recognition system show that, for a given word error rate, the clustered bigram model uses 2/3 fewer parameters compared to a standard bigram model using unigram backoff.


The structure of indium trihydroxide In(OH)3 for ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) has been analysed, the Madelung constant and lattice energy of In(OH)3 have been calculated, they are 2.9488 and -509521kJ/mol respectively, and a surface energy approximative expression is given, and then ulteriorly In(OH)3 crystal granule parameters are calculated in preparing nanosized In(OH)3 powder using the method of chemical precipitation,the growth rate 0.012nm/s about is given in this paper.


How can an award-winning source book that helps consumers find health information be improved? Health expert Alan Rees has done just that in his sixth edition by providing practical advice on using the Internet, tips on where to find Spanish-language health pamphlets, and recommendations on what's most important in the world of alternative medicine. The sixth edition provides users with an annotated guide to health-related resources--hotlines, newsletters, pamphlets, Web sites, CD-ROMS, magazines, books, and more! Readers are given a description on each resource and how to best use it.


We present a suite of cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the assembly of galaxies driving the reionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z >~ 6. The simulations account for the hydrodynamical feedback from photoionization heating and the explosion of massive stars as supernovae (SNe). Our reference simulation, which was carried out in a box of size 25 comoving Mpc/h using 2 x 512^3 particles, produces a reasonable reionization history and matches the observed UV luminosity function of galaxies. Simulations with different box sizes and resolutions are used to investigate numerical convergence, and simulations in which either SNe or photoionization heating or both are turned off, are used to investigate the role of feedback from star formation. Ionizing radiation is treated using accurate radiative transfer at the high spatially adaptive resolution at which the hydrodynamics is carried out. SN feedback strongly reduces the star formation rates (SFRs) over nearly the full mass range of simulated galaxies and is required to yield SFRs in agreement with observations. Photoheating helps to suppress star formation in low-mass galaxies, but its impact on the cosmic SFR is small. Because the effect of photoheating is masked by the strong SN feedback, it does not imprint a signature on the UV galaxy luminosity function, although we note that our resolution is insufficient to model star-forming minihaloes cooling through molecular hydrogen transitions. Photoheating does provide a strong positive feedback on reionization because it smooths density fluctuations in the IGM, which lowers the IGM recombination rate substantially. Our simulations demonstrate a tight non-linear coupling of galaxy formation and reionization, motivating the need for the accurate and simultaneous inclusion of photoheating and SN feedback in models of the early Universe.


The Net is now develping in high speed. It's sure that human being will live in a net society in this century. The home with spirit of disappearance, the world become a village. The great blend in cultural will will be occurred. The idea will be individualized and diversification, function of moral estimation will be atrophy, moral concept will be weak stepwise. At the same time, Human being will face to many pressure and challengs.


Summary: We demonstrate in this communication that large-scale coaxial nanocables of polypyrrole (PPy)/TiO2 can be obtained via three steps: (1) synthesis of TiO2 nanofibers by electrospinning; (2) physical adsorption Fe3+ oxidant on the surface of TiO2 nanofibers; (3) followed by polymerization of pyrrole (from vapor) on the surface of TiO2 nanofibers. During the synthesis, the PPy formed on TiO2 nanofibers as a template and formed PPy/TiO2 coaxial nanocables. TEM image proved that PPy (20 nm thickness) covered the surface of TiO2 nanofibers. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) characterized the chemical structure of the coaxial nanocables. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) revealed the surface properties of the PPy/TiO2 coaxial nanocables.

TEM image of individual PPy/TiO2 coaxial nanocable.


15. Supplementary NotesFinal report16. AbstractThe rate of disappearance of atomic oxygen has been measured at several pressures in a fastflow pyrex reactor system with its walls treated with (NH,)pSO, (s), H SO, (!) ) , and NH.C1 (s).Atomic oxygen ( P) was generated by dissociation of pure, low pressure oxygen in a microwavedischarge (.2.1*5 GHz). Concentrations of atomic oxygen were measured at several stations in thereactor system using chemi luminescent titration with NO . Recombination efficiencies calculatedfrom experimentally determined wall recombination • rate constants are in good agreement withreported yalues, for clean Pyrex and an HgSO^ coated wall. The recombination efficiency


Bagasse, the fibrous by-product from sugar cane milling was activated by low temperature carbonization (160 degreesC) followed by gasification with carbon dioxide at 900 degreesC. The bagasse samples used in this study were used as received and this has resulted in the presence of significant quantities of ash in the activated carbon (25 to 61 wt %). Despite the dilution effect of this high ash content the overall the characteristics of the activated carbon generated are still promising and confirms raw unwashed bagasse as a suitable pre-cursor for activated carbon. This study also confirms the suitability of the low temperature carbonization in preparation of suitable activated carbon from bagasse. The activated carbon generated exhibited large total surface areas (614 to 1433 m2/g), high pore volumes (0.3 to 0.9 ml/g) and highly microporous structure with median pore size from 0.45 to 1.2 nm. Overall the approach involving the use of low temperature gasification and retaining the ash in the bagasse pre-cursor has the potential to offer significant economic benefits in terms of processing cost of activated carbon.


AIM and METHOD: The microciculatory perfusion was measured with Laser Doppler Flowmeter and the plasma NO (nitric oride) level was detectred by measuring the content of plasma nitrite with colorimetric method. RESULTS: 1. The local microciculatory perfusion of amputated rats decreased significantly at Oh, 1, 2, and 3h after amputation. The concentration of loal femoral artery plasma NO - 2 went down at 2 and 3h after amputation. There was a positive correlation between the local femoral plasma NO levels at 2, 3h of amputation and the microciculatory perfusion. 2. Administrated NO synthesis substrate L-arginine(L-Arg), the blood microciculatory perfusion increased significantly at 3 and 3h after amputation. Given NO synthesis inhibitor L-N G-monomethyl arginine(L-NMA), the local microciculatory perfusion was reduced significantly at 1, 2, and 3h after amputation. 3. The local femoral vein plasma NO - 2 contents were higher in L-Arg group than that in NS group, In L-Arg+L-NMA group, NO - 2 contents was lower than that in NS group. CONCLUSIOW: This traumatic stimulation may reduce the local NO level through endogenous L-Arg-NO pathway and takes part in the pathogenesis of local vasospasm in amputated rats at 2 and 3h.


Double thiadiazole was synthesized from 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles which was previously synthesized from thiosemicarbazide and 1,3-dibromopropane.Subsequently a series of double thiadiazole-based α-aminophosphonates were synthesized by the reaction of the previous product with different aldehydes and phosphates.The structures of these compounds were confirmed by UV,IR,1HNMR,31PNMR and elemental analysis.Preliminary bioassay show that they all have excellent fungicidal activity against botrytis cinerea,gibberella zeae,physalospora pinicola and rhizoctonia solani.


In this paper we present the design of high efficiency low power rectifier for microwave energy harvesting. The proposed circuit is based on a voltage booster formed by a voltage doubler type Latour structure. The circuit topology including parasitic elements and microstrip lines has been studied and optimized for high efficiency energy conversion dedicated to low input power operations (below -10 dBm). Measurement results show 21% and 38% RF-DC conversion efficiencies for, respectively, -20 dBm and -10 dBm input power for 10 KΩ resistor load at 850 MHz. Experimental performances of the rectifier are in good agreement with the simulated ones.


2700 sugar oranges were collected from two places,Qingxin and Yunan of Guangdong. 14 common physical and chemical indices in sugar orange were tested by general physical,chemical methods and HPLC. The data gathered from the test were analyzed by variation and relativity analysis. The results showed the indices were representative. Through principal component analysis and cluster analysis,the samples from two places were classified reasonably to two types. The weight per fruit,diameter of fruit and total sugar content were the key factors to classification. The principal component analysis was useful in classification of sugar orange.


Background: P‐wave signal averaged ECG has been used to detect atrial late potentials that were found in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Ischemia is supposed to trigger ventricular late potentials, which indicate an elevated risk for ventricular tachycardia. Preexistent ventricular late potentials measured by ventricular signal averaged ECG is supposed to be eliminated by successful PTCA.


53 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. AbstractGroundwater in Assiut governorate has a part icular importance where it is the second source for fresh water used for drinking, agricultural, domestic, and industrial pu rposes. Three hundred and thirty five wells were available during t he period 2006 to 2009, and were subjected to analysis for che mical characteristics. These data has been used to conclu de two main results; the first one is preliminary evaluation of suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes by comparing those parameters with world health organization (WHO)  standards and Egyptian standards. the second one is building the correlation matrix between the groundwater quality pa rameters which are major ions, EC, TDS, SAR, Na%, RSC, TH, KI, PI, MH, CAI, and C.R. with comparing chemical parameters with  WHO (1996) and Egyptian standards for drinking, it s hows that concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Hco3-, SO42−, and Fe are lower than the permissible limits in 80% of well s. Groundwater wells were classified according TDS as abo ut 93 % of wells have TDS less than 3000 mg/l, thus groundwat er is suitable for irrigation.


This work present a novel bifunctional compound made of a bio-based polyurethane, designed and prepared to guarantee both flame retardancy and electrical conductivity. The compound is an halogen-free no-burning polymeric materials (UL94-V0) with electrical resistivity of about 103 Ω•cm (ATEX compliancy). Different phosphorous flame retardants and conductive carbon nanotubes have been properly combined, exploiting synergisms among additives, material structure and process. Particularly, the total fraction of phosphorous flame retardants is 15%-wt.
This contribution will provide the description of the R&D work done to get this result.


Measurements of propagation and time delay spread at 910 MHz on several different manufacturing floors are presented. The statistics of RMS multipath delay spread and the values of the distance/power law gradient are computed and compared for these experimental sites.


Metabolic Homeostasis is mediated via multi‐organ endocrine signaling. Because many systems are involved, therapeutics often have wide‐ranging side‐effects. We have shown therapeutic specificity can be achieved with agents that simultaneously bind two different receptors that, as a combination, are relatively unique to a given cell type. Bivalent ligands, that target cells within the homeostatic axis, were produced; melanocyte stimulating hormone linked to CCK (MSH/CCK), and Glucagon Like Peptide 1 (GLP‐1) linked to Glibenclamide (Glb, SUR1 antagonist). Binding analyses, assessed with cells expressing the complementary receptor pair, indicate an apparent Kd of ~5 nM for MSH/CCK, ~10nM for GLP‐1/Glb. Constants for the individual domains within the bivalent constructs were 30 nM or greater, and neither ligand bound with high affinity to cells expressing only one of the complementary receptors, indicating that high affinity binding requires both receptors. Once bound, the ligand/ receptor complex is rapidly endocytosed. Both ligands maintain signaling capacity, though the magnitude, sensitivity of 2nd messenger and physiological effects, differ from the constituent monomers. Uniquely, GLP‐1/Glb was found to potentiate insulin secretion at stimulatory glucose concentrations, but inhibit, rather than activate, at non‐stimulatory glucose. Thus, these bivalent ligands exhibit enhanced affinity, cell type specificity and maintain functional efficacy, and thereby hold promise as cell specific therapeutic agents.


The ontology of pesantren education is to build the lives of the student with Islamic values because the contents of pesantren education are Islamic doctrine. The epistemology of pesantren education is a method/approach to develop education in pesantren, so that in its axiological aspect can creating individuals who are noble, removes the paradigm of the dichotomy of science, changes indoctrination into participatory, builds a theoretical approach towards an applicative approach, combining a harmonious relationship between reason and revelation, useful knowledge, scientific charity, piety, and noble. The education of pesantren in the modern era needs to prepare learning media to support the achievement of educational goals. In the perspective of Islam, the universe is a medium of learning, included in this category is the media of technology. It's just that the role of the teacher needs to be prioritized so there is no dehumanization in education.


Through the example of main canal engineering of South-to-North Water Transfer,the detailed situation of concrete lining construction in the side slope of canals is analyzed.The antiskid property of spray sand antiskid type(XPS) crowded plastic insulation board is studied,and the solutions on improving the quality of concrete lining construction in the side slope of canals are proposed.


Advanced forms of telecommunications may affect urban development patterns and urban travel demands by substituting for interoffice business trips, thereby encouraging a dispersal of future office employment expected to occur in central business districts. Commonly accepted forecasts of extensive CBD employment growth create the need for high capacity, radially oriented, rapid transit systems and should this growth not occur, such systems could be economic liabilities. This possibility plus potential reductions in work travel suggest the need for further study of this unexplored area. A model is suggested to investigate the likely impact of better communications on office location behavior and is related to what little research now exists on substitution and office location theory.


An investigation was made on prevalence of the parasite Genarchopsis dasus in the fish Channa punctatus of Mymensingh, Bangladesh to determine the infestation and seasonal variation. The experiment was carried out from December 2009 to November 2010. A total of 379 parasites were collected from 235 host fish. The prevalence of G. dasus was higher in July and lower in September and October. The highest prevalence (83.3%) was in rainy July and lower in September and October. The highest prevalence (83.3%) was in rainy season and the lowest (45.5%) in autumn. The highest intensity of G. dasus was in July and the lowest in December, and the highest and lowest intensity was in rainy and winter seasons, respectively. The prevalence was highest in intermediate length fish (67.0%), where the lowest (54.9%) was in small fish. Intensity was highest in intermediate length fish. The higher prevalence (90%) and intensity (4.3) was in female during rainy season. The lower prevalence (32%) and mean intensity (1.1) was in male during autumn. The highest ratio of mature: immature was in summer (30 : 37), the highest percentage of mature worms was in summer and the highest proportion of immature worms in autumn. The stomach contained most worms (72.8%) and the lowest proportion (6.6%) was in anterior portion of intestine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8813 Bangl. vet . 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 47-54


A novel interdigital capacitance (IDC) frequency selective surface (FSS) based linear‐cross reflective polarizer for K‐ and Ka‐band applications is demonstrated in this work. The suggested device includes an IDC‐loaded dipole printed on a thin FR‐4 grounded dielectric substrate. From 17.02 to 37.30 GHz, it shows linear‐cross conversion with a minimum 90% polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of 20.28 GHz bandwidth (74.7% fractional bandwidth [FBW]) for a y/x polarized incident electromagnetic (EM) wave. Along with linear‐cross conversion, this polarizer also performs linear‐circular conversions with axial ratio ≤ 3 dB in two frequency bands (Ku band‐right circular, 15.13–16.15 GHz; Ka‐band‐left circular, 38.52–39.78 GHz) with 6.52%, and 3.14% FBW, respectively. The design performance is stable up to 45° for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The polarizer unitcell has structural dimensions 0.177 × 0.177 × 0.061 λL3, where λL corresponds to the free‐space wavelength of the lowest working frequency. The polariser's transmission line equivalent circuit model is extracted, and a good match is observed with the EM solver response. The broadband behavior of FSS and the ground plane is better understood by looking at surface current patterns at resonant frequencies. The proposed design's radar cross‐section (RCS) analysis is compared to perfect electric conductor for the bistatic condition. The design novelty lies in its compact architectural volume of the unitcell 1.911 (λL3/1000 ), low‐profile, broadband PCR response with superior angle stability, dual‐polarization conversion with circular rotation switching makes it a good option for real‐time applications.


N-Benzyl-N-substituted benzylamines and compound I of horseradish peroxidase engender electron transfer yielding the corresponding nitrogen radical cation 1, which is simultaneously converted into 2 and 3. Subsequently, expulsion of proton and hydroxylation yielding α-hydroxylamines are followed by the formation of benzaldehydes and benzylamines. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An airfoil in turbulent flow is thought to radiate sound in consequence of its fluctuating lift. The instantaneous sound and lift should be connected by Curle's equation, which describes sound radiation from a rigid surface in contact with turbulent flow. It follows that the crosscorrelation of sound and lift should be related in a corresponding way to the lift autocorrelation. Such correlations were measured in the present investigation of an airfoil in a jet flow, and the Curle relationship was verified semiquantitatively. The predicted comparative shapes of the correlation curves were found; the comparative magnitudes showed a 27% (2.7‐dB) discrepancy. This small discrepancy is attributed to model vibration, which falsely enhanced the lift signal via inertial loading. The work answers, in part, questions that have been raised as to the applicability of Curle's equation. Further, it confirms that a rigid surface in contact with a turbulent flow need not be inherently passive—a reflector of sound—but can be an active generator of sound.


'Wire bonding' is used throughout the microelectronics industry for interconnecting dice, substrates and output pins. Fine wires, generally of aluminium or gold 18–50μm in diameter, are attached using pressure and ultrasonic energy to form metallurgical bonds. Devices bonded with gold wire generally need additional thermal energy, and the bonding process is referred to as 'thermosonic' rather than 'ultrasonic'.


We investigate the characteristics of vortices induced by spanwise forcing using a streamwise oriented dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with and without a boundary layer suction channel, the flow of which is also driven by a DBD. The velocity field over various regions in the vicinity of the actuator is obtained by ensemble averaging particle image velocimetry. Increased boundary layer thinning and a stronger downward motion are seen near the powered flow-exposed electrode when the DBD is used in conjunction with a suction slot. The effect of varying the applied voltage and freestream velocity on the induced flow is examined. Studies are carried out on the ability for such a structure to control separation on an inclined flat plate and ramp. We find that DBD actuation together with boundary layer suction leads to more robust separation control in these adverse pressure gradient configurations.


Wind-tunnel measurements were used to identify and characterize the low-frequency oscillation present in the flowfield about an NACA 0012 airfoil with a horn-ice shape. This low-frequency mode was identified in the unsteady content of the airfoil lift coefficient and the corresponding Strouhal numbers compared well with those reported in the literature. To study the relationship between the ice-induced separation bubble dynamics and the airfoil circulation, the unsteady shear-layer reattachment location was determined using measurements from a surface-mounted hot-film array. At the low-frequency mode, the lift coefficient led the reattachment location by a phase of π/2. Additional characterization of the relationship between the unsteady shear-layer reattachment location and the unsteady airfoil pressure distribution was also completed, along with an analysis of the convective qualities of the low-frequency oscillation throughout the airfoil pressure distribution.


The ability to enhance deep representations with prior knowledge is receiving a lot of attention from the AI community as a key enabler to improve the way modern Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) learn. In this paper we introduce our approach to this task, which comprises of a knowledge extraction algorithm, a knowledge injection algorithm and a common intermediate knowledge representation as an alternative to traditional neural transfer. As a result of this research, we envisage a knowledge-enhanced ANN, which will be able to learn, characterise and reuse knowledge extracted from the learning process, thus enabling more robust architecture-agnostic neural transfer, greater explainability and further integration of neural and symbolic approaches to learning.


Conventional seawall engineering is mainly designed against the typhoon disaster,with little consideration of the environment protection,landscape and ecological construction.This situation can′t meet the great demand for the development in the coastal cities.This paper considers synthetically the influences of the inundation safety,ecological landscape,urban transportation and tourism,and adopts the composite seawall with a broad berm.Based on the physical model test,it′s proved that the composite seawall with a wide berm has the characteristics of low dike height,safeguard construction,good landscape and hydrophilic,low comprehensive cost and so on,thus may serve as references for the engineering design.


Objective:To study clinical difficulties and complications of microendoscopic discectomy(MED),and the technique features.Method:There was a clinical retrospective study about the surgical outcome of 134 patients operated with MED technique,according to the 50 scores grading system,they were follow up above 2 years.Result:The problems and the complications were:(1)The wrong level;(2)The difficulty of the entering into the spinal canal;(3)The difficulty of the controlling bleeding;(4)The injury of nerve root,or dural;(5)Postoperative edema and inflammation of nerve root;(6)Injury of the facet joint;(7)Incomplete removing the nuclear material;(8)Postoperative epidural bleeding,scar formation.After a follow up range from 24 to 42 months,the improving rate was 79.1%.The satisfied rate of patients was 93.2%.5 patients were surgically intervened second time for unaccepted reasons.Conclusion:MED has both outstanding and unsatisfactory features.The problems are including instrument and uninstrumented reasons.To prevent them and shorten the learning curve.Being familiar with the technique and improving the special instruments of MED are needed.


Abstract : Zephyr Programme Objective - Design a HALE UAS to fly for months at a time: Solar powered to provide 3+ months flight endurance; Solar charged batteries provide power throughout the night; Operating altitude 50,000-70,000 ft (global minimum wind speed altitude)


Energies of the coupled system of a spin-1/2 atom in a static magnetic field and an oscillating rf field are analyzed with the resolvent formalism and numerically calculated by quantizing the rf field, for the general case that the strong rf field is oriented in an arbitrary direction to the static magnetic field. It is shown that, if the component of the static field along the direction of the rf field has particular values, level crossings take place and multiphoton transitions by even or odd numbers of rf photons become forbidden, even when the polarization of the rf field satisfies the parity condition for the multiphoton transitions. Particular attention is given to the direction and amount of the shifts of the level crossings by the rf field, together with the shifts of the anticrossings or of the multiphoton transitions. Theoretical results are verified by the optical-pumping experiments with cesium vapor.


The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (African Charter) bestows a specific mandate on the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (African Commission) to promote and protect human rights in Africa. Article 45 of the African Charter states that, in order to fulfil this mandate, the African Commission should, amongst others, organise 'seminars, symposia and conferences'. The Commission's promotional activities have paid lip service to economic, social and cultural rights by being predominantly focused on civil and political rights. Concerns have been raised by representatives of civil society organisations during several of the Commission's sessions that there is a need for a focus on socio-economic rights too.


In article defining of image of higher education institute is offered as a set of factors thanks to which the object becomes known,features of an assessment of image open in the market of educational services.


Constructing a full scale common duct network (CDN) requires considerable budget support. In reality, a CDN is constructed in distinct phases rather than in a single phase because of budgetary limitations and other related factors. How to prioritize the route construction of a CDN is thus a crucial issue for the authorities. This study derives the critical variables for determining the construction priorities of routes in a CDN using expert interviews and questionnaire surveys. Statistical analysis is also performed to check the validation and verification of the survey results. Moreover, factor analysis is used to derive 24 priority determinant variables and classify them into five groups, including utility agency, traffic condition, local government, infrastructure project, and site condition. An evaluation model is developed herein to rank the construction priority of the routes in a CDN. The pairwise comparison method is then used for weighting the five groups. The site condition is found to be less important than other factors in determining route construction priorities for a CDN. Finally, a six-route CDN located in northern Taiwan is analyzed using the proposed model, and the analytical results are objective because of the consideration of multiple viewpoints.


Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) "hot spots" are the regions where the electromagnetic field is significantly enhanced, resulting in much greater SERS activity than other areas. Therefore, the engineering and characterization of "hot spots" have attracted much attention. Herein, we have synthesized nanoworms formed by connecting hollow gold nanospheres and investigated their composition as well as their SERS properties, including their potential for simultaneous analysis of multiple species. The three-dimensional nanostructures that led to different SERS activities were investigated using correlated optical/SERS and SEM imaging. Gold nanoworms with hollow nanosphere segments and partial tube formation were confirmed. All highly SERS-active structures were found to be three-dimensional arrays consisting of inter-/intrananoworm interactions; no individual nanospheres were found to give significant SERS signal under the experimental conditions. The major SERS contribution was found to be the electrom...


Based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2004 to 2009, a fixed-effect model is adopted in this paper to analyze the effect and the mechanism of the enterprises using the Internet on tax avoidance. The result shows that using the Internet will produce the peer effect, which enables enterprises to learn tax avoidance strategies on the Internet and makes the degree of tax avoidance between enterprises and other enterprises in the same industry converge. At the same time, using the Internet has a network effect, and the more the enterprises access the Internet, the higher the degree of tax avoidance for enterprises is. In addition, the effect of the Internet on tax avoidance is influenced by the intensity of tax collection and the nature of enterprises. With a further examination, it has been found that enterprises not only acquire the two tax avoidance strategies of underreporting profits and underpaying taxes through the Internet but also master the planning strategy.


The thesis topic is an unemployment of pre-retired people. The work shows unemployment as a negative social phenomenon which adversely affects many personality aspects of a person without a job. The thesis deals with the evolutionary changes in the elderly persons organism, with their problematic position in the labour market and with their low social status. The research analyzes the issue of an ageing workforce flexibility.


List of Tables and Figures Notes on Contributors Foreword Rick Altman Acknowledgements Introduction: 'The Birth of Cinema from the Spirit of Music' Claus Tieber, Anna K. Windisch PART I: THE HISTORICAL PRACTICE OF SILENT FILM SOUND 1. Organizing a Music Library for Playing to Pictures in Britain: Theory vs. Practice Julie Brown 2. The Formation of a Swedish Cinema Music Practice, 1905-1915 Christopher Natzen 3. The Use of Cue Sheets in Italian Silent Cinema: Contexts, Repertoires, Praxis Marco Targa 4. Music, Singing and Stage Practice in the Cinemas of Upper Silesia during the 1920s Urszula Biel 5. The Sound of Music in Vienna's Cinemas, 1910-1930 Claus Tieber and Anna K. Windisch 6. The Moving Picture World, W. Stephen Bush, and the American Reception of European Cinema Practices, 1907-13 James Buhler and Catrin Watts 7. Musical Beginnings and Trends in 1920s Indian Cinema Olympia Bhatt PART II: NEW APPROACHES TO SILENT FILM MUSIC HISTORY AND THEORY 8. Deconstructing the 'Brutal Savage' in John Ford's The Iron Horse Peter A. Graff 9. The Hermeneutic Framing of Film Illustration Practice. The Allgemeines Handbuch der Film-Musik in the Context of Historico-Musicological Traditions Maria Fuchs 10. Sergei Eisenstein and the Music of Landscape: the 'Mists' of Potemkin between Metaphor and Illustration Francesco Finocchiaro 11. Paradoxes of Autonomy. Bernd Thewes' Compositions to the Rhythmus-films of Hans Richter Marion Saxer 12. The Tradition of Novelty - Comparative Studies of Silent Film Scores: Perspectives, Challenges, Proposals Marco Bellano 13. Germaine Dulac's Silent Film La Souriante Madame Beudet (1923) and its Scores by Arthur Kleiner and Manfred Knaak Jurg Stenzl Select Bibliography Index


The multispecies coalescent (MSC) has emerged as a powerful and desirable framework for species tree inference in phylogenomic studies. Under this framework, the data for each locus is assumed to consist of orthologous, single-copy genes, and heterogeneity across loci is assumed to be due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). These assumptions have led biologists who use MSC-based inference methods to exclude from their analyses all loci that are present in more than a single copy in any of the genomes under consideration. Furthermore, such analyses involve the task of orthology assignment to avoid the potential of hidden paralogy in the data. The question we seek to answer in this study is: What happens if one runs an MSC-based species tree inference method on data where paralogy is present, in addition to or without ILS being present? Through simulation studies and analyses of two biological data sets, we show that running an MSC-based species tree inference method on data with paralogs, while treating all gene copies within a family as alleles from multiple individuals or by randomly selecting one copy per species, provide very accurate results that are almost identical to results obtained from single-copy genes. Our results have two significant implications. The operational implication is that MSC-based phylogenomic analyses do not have to be restricted to single-copy loci, thus maximizing the amount of data to be used. The interpretative implication is that when an MSC-based inference method infers an accurate species tree, this does not mean that ILS was much of a factor in the heterogeneity across loci.


2,3-Dihydrocyclohepta[de]naphthalene-1,4-dione (1) is formed by cyclising methyl 3-(1-naphthoyl)propionate. It forms only monoacetals, gives a hemiacetal salt with alkali, and can be dehydrogenated to a quinone (14) that undergoes ring-contraction to a phenalenone (15) on acetalisation.Acenaphthylene traps dichloroketen inefficiently, allowing formation of the dimer (19) of tetrachloroallene, but dechlorination of the acenaphthylene adduct (16) followed by opening of its cyclobutanone ring with acid gives cyclohepta[de]naphthalen-2(1H)-one (21). This and the isomeric cyclohepta[de]naphthalen-1(2H)-one (23) obtainable from the dione (1), were reduced to alcohols with the object of preparing cyclohepta [de] naphthalene (26) by ester pyrolysis.


Background: The purpose of this research was studying the impact of 8 weeks selected corrective exercises on neck pain, range of motion in the shoulder and neck of lifesaver women who suffering from forward head posture and myofascial pain syndrome.
Methods: The method of research is semi-experimental. The population consists of 30 lifesaver women who suffering from forward head posture and myofascial pain syndrome who they placed randomly in two groups of experimental (33±2.2) and control (33±2.5). Research plan was as the pre-test and post-test with control group. The exercise protocol was carried out by experimental groups for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each session lasting 45 minutes. Studied variables include myofascial pain in the neck, shoulder and neck range of motion. The mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics and in the section of inferential statistics analysis of covariance was used.
Results: Results of research indicated that, the protocol on the reform exercise of neck pain (P=0.001), range of motion of shoulder joint (P=0.001) and neck range of motion (P=0.001) has significant difference.
Conclusion: Therefore, lifesavers women can benefit from it as a training program to improve and prevent damage caused by head forward and myofascial pain syndrome.


The teaching and learning of Mathematics characterized by the use of strict mathematical problems with meaning, without concern for context, with cultural aspects, has been reflected in the performance of students not only discipline in Mathematics, but in different areas of knowledge where it is used. Therefore, the article deals with a bibliographic search carried out to investigate how the mathematical knowledge can be exploited from focusing on cultural issues through the integration between the ethnomathematics and anthropology. Thus, highlighted three themes that provide such integration: a farming community and the construction of a vegetable garden, the inca civilization and its numbering system and its architectural features and indigenous culture with its graphics and braiding. From this study, it appears that anthropology can teach us the value of each culture and how it can be used in the educational process, especially in Mathematics, to establish a dialogue exchange between its agents.


A bookseller at Dymocks Carousel in Perth discussed about the thousands of books on display on his visit to the Frankfurt Book Fair. He states that while it's easy to read about how big this industry is, it's quite another to be confronted with the sheer volume of books, publishers and people.


METHOD FOR PREPARING IMPROVED ALLOY POWDERS NICKEL AND MOLYBDENUM, THERMAL SPRAY COATING. Grind a starting mixture of alloy and molybdenum powder to produce a mixture whose size average particle is less than 10 micrometres, FORMED A SUSPENSION AQUEOUS MIXTURE AND BINDER AND MIXING AND binder, sinter ATMOSPHERE agglomerate REDUCING TO TEMPERATURES 800G A 950GC to form a mixture SINTERED ALLOYED MOSTLY IN BULK DENSITY WHICH EXCEED 1.2 G / CMBS3. Sintered MIXTURE CRAWLING PREFERABLY IN A GAS CARRIER INERTE, is brought into a plasma flame which gas is argon or mixture of argon and hydrogen, and held the flame to melt the powder particles MIXTURE SINTERED, FORMING PARTICLE sPHERICAL CAST sERVING AND MIXING alloying sintered and cooled.


Background: Childhood trauma is an environmental and risk modifying factor for schizophrenia. Aim of the work: The objective of the present work is to evaluate the incidence of childhood trauma among schizophrenic patients and how this impacts the clinical features of the disorder. Subjects and Methods: It is a crosssectional study conducted from January 2019 to June 2019 at the Psychiatry Department, Zagazig University hospitals where the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) Arabic version was used to verify the diagnosis of randomly chosen 104 schizophrenic patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for the assessment of positive, negative and general psychopathology connected with schizophrenia. Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) Arabic version to assess adverse childhood experience. The study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Zagazig University Hospitals and a written informed consent is obtained from all patients. Results: The prevalence of childhood trauma in schizophrenic patients is (85.6 %), (42.3%) of them had ≥3 types of trauma. Childhood trauma was associated with low education level and rural residence. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between childhood trauma and positive symptoms of schizophrenia in which (ACE total score ≥ 3 traumas) were associated with severe positive symptoms. Conclusion: Childhood trauma is prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. Childhood trauma patients are associated with more severe positive symptoms, especially in patients with 3 or more traumas. Patients with childhood trauma were associated with early schizophrenia onset.


Summary: In vitro tolerance of Fusarium semitectum and Fusarium solani (anamorphic, Ascomycota) exposed to surface disinfectant commonly used in aquaculture. An in vitro evaluation of the antifungal effect of acetic acid (AcH), buffered acetic acid (AcH+AcNa), potassium iodide (KI) and Iodopovidone (IP); on the growth rate (GR) of Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. 1881 and Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Ravenel, 1875 was performed. Both fungal species were isolated from eggs of the Argentinian silverside Odontesthes bonariensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835). The studied substances are commonly used in fish farming as surface disinfectants. The tested concentrations of this substances exhibited antifungal activity for both strains at concentrations higher than their 96h median lethal concentrations (LC50-96h) for the treated eggs; concentrations below the (LC50-96h) exhibited little or


Recently, several image processing and deep learning techniques have been applied to automate the detection of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cells (ALL). However, most of them have consistently focused on classification mature stage cell images into binary categories of ALL or normal cells. The real impetus of biomedical imaging lies in detecting early-stage cases since early-stage ALL cells have unintuitive global contextual and local spatial features, making their detection non-trivial. To this effect, we propose a novel architecture termed as Mixup Multi-Attention Multi-Task Learning Model (MMA-MTL), which introduces Pointwise Attention Convolution Layers and Local Spatial Attention blocks to capture global and local features simultaneously. We also introduce Rademacher Paired Sampling Mixup to prevent memorization of training data in cases of limited categorical shift. Our proposed method shows competitive performance on the ISBI-2019 CNMC dataset and benchmarks appropriate design choices for future biomedical imaging tasks.


The standard model that economists use to analyze the impact of trade reforms systematically underpredicts changes in trade patterns. It not only underestimates overall trade magnitudes, but also fails to predict which industries experience the largest trade increases. This failure results from not accounting for rapid growth in post-liberalization trade of the products that these industries produce. {{p}} This paper documents these weaknesses and demonstrates an alternative methodology. {{p}} Our modified model performs better because it accounts for the rapid growth of trade in products that were traded in small quantities prior to the reduction of trade barriers. {{p}} We offer a method for integrating this insight about least-traded products into the standard model and suggest that such models not only will produce more accurate predictions, but also will forecast larger welfare gains from trade liberalization.


Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disease resulting from an enzyme defect that leads to failure to utilize phenylalanine and it is the most common aminoacidopathy in Turkey. There are a considerable number of individuals suffering from PKU and they need special food formulations, but the choice of special foods is limited for these people. Since the bread is the staple food in Turkey, the primary aim of this study was to develop bread formulation and procedure for PKU patients by using materials available in Turkey. To be able to produce low phenylalanine starch-gum bread, five different commercial food grade gums were added to the corn starch at 1, 2, and 3% addition levels. The addition of surfactant brought about remarkable changes in the starch dough. Loaf of the best overall quality was produced with one of the gums (xanthan gum and carrageenans mixture) at the addition level of 2%, water addition level of 105%, the final proof time of 110 min and the temperature of 30 C when compared with the other gum breads. As a result, a basic formula and procedure for preparing a desirable corn starch-gum bread was reported for PKU patients. La phenylcetonurie est une maladie metabolique hereditaire resultant d'un defaut d'enzyme qui conduit a l'incapacite d'utiliser la phenylalanine. L'objectif de cette etude est de developper une formulation de pain et une procedure pour que les patients puissent utiliser les ingredients disponibles en Turquie. L'addition de surfactant ameliore la pâte d'amidon. La formule proposee utilise de la gomme xanthane et carraghenane et de l'amidon de mais.


The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region covers an extensive region, extending from Morocco to Iran, including all Middle Eastern and Maghreb countries, with an estimated population of 355 million. Most of the population in this region lives in middle-income countries. A turning point in the MENA region came with the discovery of oil, first in Iran in 1908 and subsequently in the Persian Gulf states (1938) and North Africa. With this, the region, once characterized by Bedouins, fishermen, and pearl divers, experienced major economic social and political shifts. There has been rapid demographic transition over a very short period and, with this, the scourge of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NCD), the rates of which are increasing at an alarming rate and often exceeding those of developed countries. From recent International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates, for 2013 the MENA region had the highest comparative prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world (10.9%), with three countries in the top 10 and an estimated 34.6 million adults with diabetes. This figure is projected to almost double to 67.9 million by 2035. Furthermore, diabetes accounted for 368 000 deaths in the MENA region, with almost half in those aged <60 years; associated healthcare expenditure was US$13.6 billion. Estimating the burden of diabetes in the MENA region is challenging because countries are at different stages of the epidemiological transition and migrants (non-nationals) constitute a large proportion of the resident population in many countries. In addition, there are widely variable study and reporting methods and diagnostic criteria. Over the past two decades, epidemiological data from the MENA region have increased substantially (for a review, see Zabetian et al.). Studies show variable prevalence of diabetes depending on the study methods and criteria used, for example World Health Organization (WHO 1998) or American Diabetes Association (ADA; 1997, 2003) criteria, and whether an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or only fasting blood glucose (FBG) was used. As summarized by Zabetian et al., earlier studies using 1985 WHO criteria reported rates of diabetes ranging from 3% in Tunisia to 29.8% in Bahrain; using current criteria, reported rates of diabetes range from 4.6% in Yemen to 21.4% in Saudi Arabia. Zabetian et al. highlighted the paucity of nationally representative survey data across the region that are available in the public domain. The WHO STEPwise chronic disease risk factor surveillance program (WHO STEPS) has been undertaken in many Middle Eastern countries. The reported prevalence of diabetes in studies in 14 countries (using FBG) shows moderate to very high prevalence, with no regional differences (e.g. Palestine 8.5%; Iran 8.6%–9.7%; Iraq 10.4%; Lebanon 11.2%; Oman 12.2%; Kuwait 12.4%; Bahrain 14.3%; Algeria14.7%; Syria 15.8%; Libya 10.4%; Qatar 16.7%; Egypt 16.4%–17.2%; Jordan 16.0%; Saudi Arabia 21.4%). Of note, no study, past or present, has reported low (<3%) rates of diabetes; instead, the reported rates are moderate (ranging from ≥3% to <10%), high (from ≥10 to <20%), or very high (≥20%). In addition, recent studies show that there are no regional differences. The high prevalence of intermediate hyperglycemia (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance), suggests that the prevalence of diabetes will continue to increase; this is compounded by the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes reported in children. The only available evidence from longitudinal studies comes from Iran, as does much of the robust data from the region. Over a 6-year follow-up period of urban Iranian adults, the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) found a 6.4% cumulative incidence of diabetes, an incidence rate of 10.6 (95% confidence interval 9.2–12.1) per 1000 person years, and annual incidence of >1%. In the MENA region, lifestyle varies significantly because of the different stages of economic development among countries of the region, but there are some common risk factors, both modifiable and nonmodifiable. The proportion of undiagnosed diabetes appears to be improving: from earlier studies in Yemen, Algeria, and Tunisia, 54%–75% were only diagnosed during surveys; however, from recent reports, >50% of diabetic participants were known to have diabetes, with the highest proportion in Bahrain (80.2%) and Saudi Arabia (84.7%). In a region where diabetes prevalence is very high, the proportion of the population with known diabetes should approach that reported for Bahrain and Saudi Arabia (i.e. facilities for detection and treatment need improvement). bs_bs_banner


Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are designed to have a phase assemblage consisting of approximately 50% austenite and 50% ferrite. Such an assemblage makes these materials very attractive by providing an excellent combination of high hardness, toughness, and corrosion resistance. This project discuss about the increasing of hardness in duplex stainless steel (DSS), by suitable annealing process. Increasing of austenite increases the hardness of the material and the increasing of ferrite increases the ductile nature of the material. It is too crucial to obtain the suitable result by suitable match of annealing process. Thus the Design of Experiments were done and heating temperature of 1240°C with a holding time of 4.5hrs and cooled to a temperature of 1043.9°C provides the maximum hardness value of 311.235 BHN.


Specific funding for coverage of this meeting has been provided by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH/German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), and the Finnish Ministry of Environment. Funding for translation of the Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). The opinions expressed in the Bulletin are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD or other donors. Excerpts from the Bulletin may be used in non-commercial publications with appropriate academic citation. COP/MOP 7 delegates met in a morning plenary, and in the two working groups (WGs) and several contact groups throughout the day. Plenary heard reports on progress and considered a revised draft decision on cooperation with other organizations, conventions and initiatives. WG I considered draft decisions on compliance, liability and redress, and socioeconomic considerations. WG II addressed unintentional transboundary movements of LMOs and emergency measures, and the contained use of LMOs; and considered revised draft decisions on handling, transport, packaging and identification (HTPI) of LMOs, and the BCH. The contact group on the budget and the Friends of the Chair Group on the financial mechanism met in the morning. The contact group on risk assessment and risk management met in the evening. PLENARY Delegates reviewed progress in the WGs and addressed a revised draft decision on cooperation with other organizations, conventions and initiatives. and JORDAN, proposed amendments to: reorganize the list of organizations so that those with a global dimension precede regional ones; include initiatives, conventions and organizations from all regions regarding activities undertaken to improve cooperation; and avoid references to specific FAO units. FIJI, supported by GRENADA, HONDURAS, PALAU, INDIA and NEW ZEALAND, suggested: adding regional collaboration to national alliances; including academic institutions and public-private cooperation; and adding promotion of active participation of other conventions and related organizations in the BCH online portal. The draft decision was approved with these amendments. COMPLIANCE: Parties considered a revised draft decision paragraph by paragraph. On capacity-building initiatives for the use of the BCH, the AFRICAN GROUP proposed adding reference to " allowing developing country Parties access to appropriate technology for active and meaningful participation in online activities. " COLOMBIA requested deleting " meaningful. " EGYPT, CUBA, SAINT LUCIA and SUDAN …


A battery pack manufacturing spacer that uses a cylindrical battery as a unit cell. The spacer is assembled in a rectangular frame shape and is provided on an opposing surface of the rectangular frame having a plurality of battery receiving members having a circumferential inner surface structure that partially covers the outer surface of the battery. Each battery receiving member has a horizontal through hole extending between the opposite side surfaces of the frame, and a pair of unit receiving members formed on the opposite side surfaces of the frame are connected by a structure that can be easily cut. According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a structurally stable battery pack by using a minimum number of members, reduce the number of processes, reduce the product cost, and prevent short circuit between unit cells during assembly and use. Prevent occurrence. Furthermore, it can be cut into various suitable sizes as the need arises. According to the present invention, the capacity and output of the battery pack are easily adjusted, and heat generated during charging / discharging of the unit cell is effectively removed.


The emission spectrum of atomic nitrogen (NI), singly ionized atomic nitrogen (NII), atomic oxygen (OI), singly ionized atomic oxygen (OII), and molecular nitrogen (N2) dominates the day airglow and aurora spectrum in the extreme ultraviolet. However, analysis of the excitation of these lines is not possible due to the lack of laboratory or theoretical data for the relevant processes. Absolute emission excitation cross sections resulting from low energy electron impact on N2 and O2 have been measured in the extreme vacuum ultraviolet (500–1200 A). Electron energies were from 0 to 300 eV. Numerous bands of N2 were found between 800 and 1000 A. These band systems are of particular interest because their optical oscillator strengths are unusually large and should have large emission cross sections. Excitation functions were measured for the N2 c′ 1Σ+u → X 1Σ+g v′=0−v″=0 band emission, the NII 916 A multiplet, the OI 879 A multiplet, and the OII 834 A multiplet. In addition, cross sections were measured at 20...


Davies Veterinary Specialists has won two major national awards at the Investors in the Environment (iiE) Awards, achieving a first for the vet profession by winning 'Sustainability Influencer Business of the Year 2020', while the practice's green pioneer Ellie West was recognised as 'Sustainability Influencer Individual of the Year' The awards were announced on 8 October on the event's 10th anniversary iiE is an external environmental accreditation scheme created to help businesses assess and reduce their environmental impact by implementing an environmental management system The awards would have been presented during at the annual graduation ceremony, but as the event was postponed due to Covid-19, all three have received written citations from their tutors


Background: Increased right ventricle-to-left ventricle (RV/LV) ratio on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) has been reported as a poor prognostic indicator in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). It has also been reported that pulmonary vein sign (PVS) on CTPA is a rare finding of PE. Objectives: To evaluate PVS on CTPA and unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with PE suspicion. We also aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of PE and presence of PVS, RV/LV ratio and combination of these two on unenhanced MRI. Patients and Methods: One-hundred-twelve patients with PE suspicion who underwent CTPA and unenhanced-MRI [steady state free precession (SSFP)] within the first 48-hours constituted the study group. All CTPA images were evaluated for the presence, location and severity of PE by observer-1. Two observers (observer-2 and 3), independently evaluated unenhanced-MR images for the presence of PVS without knowing the results of CTPA. Then, these 2 observers reviewed the CTPA and MRI images together with observer-4 to reach the final consensus for the presence of PVS and measurement of RV/LV ratio. Cohen's Kappa analysis was used to assess the agreement between observers. Relationship between the mean PE index and imaging findings (PVS, RV/LV) were calculated. Results: Presence of PVS on CT or MRI is significantly correlated with PE index and patients with PVS had more severe PE than those without. Presence of both PVS and RV/LV ratio > 1 on MRI indicates more severe pulmonary embolism than absence of PVS or RV/LV ratio > 1. There was a very good agreement for the detection of PVS between two observers on unenhanced MRI. Conclusion: PVS on CTPA or unenhanced MRI can be used as a sign of severe PE and it may also be an indicator of right heart dysfunction.


This paper introduces the physical and chemical properties and the toxicity of melamine.And summarizes the existing melamine detection methods,mainly with picric acid method and sublimation method,potentiometric titration,detection kit(ELISA),liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,near infrared spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were also analyzed.


In the first part of the graduation thesis is performed the analysis of crop production situation in Lithuania and Pasvalys disctrict, applicable cultivation technologies and corps breed in Lithuania, made review on the crop market.
In the second part of the thesis is performed the analysis of Salociai ŽŪB, used cultivation technologies, analysed the production activity, operating results compared with average readings in Pasvalys district and Lithuania.
Main conclusion of the Graduation thesis – Salociai ŽŪB activity is profitable, achieved yield results are higher compared with average readings in Pasvalys district and Lithuania


In the preceding article we argue that biquaternionic extension of Klein-Gordon equation has solution containing imaginary part, which differs appreciably from known solution of KGE. In the present article we discuss some possible interpretation of this imaginary part of the solution of biquaternionic KGE (BQKGE). Further observation is of course recommended in order to refute or verify this proposition.


A 35-year-old woman presented with pain, skin discolouration, and gradually increasing swelling and dilation of the veins of the left lower limb. On examination, there was dilation and tortuosity of the superficial veins of the left lower limb, limb hypertrophy and port wine stain.

Colour Doppler imaging revealed incompetence of the left saphenofemoral junction. The distal segment of left popliteal vein (proximal segment was normal), left sapheno-popliteal junction were not visualised and replaced by multiple dilated venous collaterals. Incompetent perforators were noted in the lower leg. Superficial dilated veins revealed wall thickening consistent with superficial thrombophlebitis (figure 1 …


Voting is a common way to reach a group decision. When possible, voters will attempt to vote strategically, in order to optimize their satisfaction from the outcome. Previous research has modelled how rational voter agents (bots) vote to maximize their personal utility in an iterative voting process that has a deadline (a timeout). However, it remains an open question whether human beings behave rationally when faced with the same settings. The focus of this paper is therefore to examine how the deadline factor affects manipulative behavior in real-world scenarios were humans are required to reach a decision before a deadline. An On-line platform was built to enable voting games by all types of users: agents (bots), humans, and mixed games with both humans and agents. We compare the results of human behavior and bot behavior and conclude that it might be wise to allow bots to make (certain) decisions on our behalf.


This paper reviews the power quality challenges associated with intermittency of grid connected PV systems and reviews energy storage systems and inverter control techniques that can be utilized to mitigate the fluctuations and power quality issues effectively. This review forms part of a future study which will incorporate a hybrid supercapacitor and battery energy storage system for ramp rate control, moving average control and virtual synchronous machine control respectively to eliminate and reduce the reviewed power quality challenges in grid connected PV systems.


A series of police practices and technology make up what today is known as crime analysis. Crime analysis can broadly be defined as the use of police knowledge and data to combat and solve crime. The current study seeks to illuminate the current status of crime analysis, and the measures being taken to gain legitimacy and recognition in the field of law enforcement. First, the historical backdrop of technology and police history will be established. Next, three inter-related research projects are used to frame patterns and practices of contemporary crime analysis. The first project examines police organizations' adoption of community problem analysis. The second explores themes emerging from a list serve used by crime analysts for professional assistance and queries. Third, a survey of analysts from across New York State is used to describe the experience and training needs among contemporary crime analysts. The research findings are used to evaluate crime analysis as an emerging profession and suggest questions and avenues for future research. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN POLICE TECHNOLOGY 7 Chapter 1: History of Police Technology In the Merriam-Webster dictionary there are two definitions of technology that apply to police history. The first definition is, "the use of science in industry, engineering, etc. to invent useful things or solve problems." The second definition is, "a machine, piece of equipment, method, etc. that is created by technology" (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2013). Using these two definitions of technology, technology as it applies to policing is using science to help solve crimes, and to be more efficient in other daily activities. Technology is also the items the police use to help them solve crime, and be more efficient in their daily activities. These items can be computers and the information stored on them. Information technology as defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is, "the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data." This type of technology applies to the current policing era. The technology of the police in the 1700s was very limited. Watchmen carried a double reed wood rattle (NLEOMF, 2012). The whistle had not been invented at this time, and this wood rattle was what preceded the whistle. The rattle was very loud and made a distinct noise. It allowed the watchmen to alert the townspeople of danger and signal for help (NLEOMF, 2012). Uniforms were not worn, but there were ways to identify the watchmen/police. The "Watch" could be recognized by the lanterns they carried with green inserts, when the "Watch" was at home, they hung the "green" lanterns outside so that citizens knew where they were. In New York, the first paid officers of the night watch were known as leatherheads because they wore leather helmets (Buhm & Haley, 2007, p. 141). CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN POLICE TECHNOLOGY 8 The growth of the Industrial Revolution caused citizens to move from farms to cities in search of better employment. As the United States became more industrialized, the police force continued to resist forming into official police departments; continuing to rely on the constable-watch system (Buhm & Haley, 2007, p. 142). By the 1830s, cities in America had grown and with urbanization came mob violence, public drunkenness, and prostitution. These crimes became more visible and less controlled; the constable-watch system could no longer control the social disorder of the cities (Potter, 2013). Modern police forces began emerging as a response to this disorder. In the nineteenth century Northern America was defined by the mercantile interests. These interests supported bureaucratic policing institutions through taxes and political influence (Potter, 2013). Businesses in Northern America no longer wanted to pay the cost of protecting themselves and wanted to transfer the costs to the state (Potter, 2013). The city police departments began to unify with New York City in 1845, St. Louis in 1846, and Chicago in 1854. Los Angeles also had their own department in 1869 (Archbold, 2012, p. 5). By 1835 in Southern America, the Texas rangers had formed, and in 1937, the Charleston police department had one hundred officers. These newly formed police departments took on three characteristics from the English model of policing. They were limited in authority, control was local, and law enforcement authority was fragmentedmeaning several agencies provided services in the same area (Archbold, 2012, p. 5). This fragmentation led to problems with communication, cooperation, and control among these police departments. Similar problems are still seen today as many individual police departments fail to cooperate and communicate with neighboring police forces. Other issues that arose at this time were CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN POLICE TECHNOLOGY 9 whether or not officers should be armed and wear uniforms (Archbold, 2012, p. 5). On the issue of uniforms, the merchants and businessmen of the era wanted the police to wear uniforms. They wanted the officers to be easily identified by people needing help. Officers initially resisted wearing uniforms fearing that citizens would ridicule them, and that uniforms would make them an easy target for mob violence (Potter, 2013). In 1858, Boston and Chicago police departments issued uniforms to their officers (NLEOMF, 2013). Carrying weapons was not resisted by officers. Officers began carrying weapons even when it was not department policy to do so. There was fear from the public that arming the officers gave the state too much power (Potter, 2013). Shortly after police were required to wear uniforms, they were allowed to carry clubs, and then eventually revolvers (Archbold, 2012, p. 5-6). Police departments formally armed their officers after the officers had informally armed themselves. In 1868, Boston was the first police department to issue pistols to their officers (NLEOMF, 2013). This era of policing was considered the political era. Police were put in place by politicians, and in return for the position they supported the politician who put them there. Since police were hired based on politics, there were no standards for hiring or training officers (Archbold, 2012, p.7). August Vollmer who was police chief of Berkeley Police Department, Los Angeles Police Department, and president of the International Association of Chiefs of Police described the lack of standards during this early time in policing... CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN POLICE TECHNOLOGY 10 "Under the old system, police officials were appointed through political affiliations and because of this they were frequently unintelligent and untrained, they were distributed through the area to be policed according to a hit or miss system and without adequate means of communications; they had little or no record keeping system; their investigation methods were obsolete, and they had no conception of the preventive possibilities of the service" (Archbold, 2012, p.7). Mark Haller an expert on organized crime described the lack of training in a different way, "New policemen heard a brief speech from a high-ranking officer, received a hickory club, a whistle, and a key to the callbox, and were sent out on the street to work with an experienced officer. Not only were the policemen untrained in law, but they operated within a criminal justice system that generally placed little emphasis upon legal procedure (Archbold, 2012, p. 7) Technology of the 1800s Policing at this time was not effective at fighting crime. Since the officers mainly worked to make sure their politicians were voted for, they did not require technology to do their jobs which were accomplished through brute force and intimidation. While technology was not a necessity some was used. In the 1800s, nightsticks or batons became standard issue for the officers, while eighteenth century officers had nightsticks the sticks of the nineteenth century were considered improved (Potter, 2013). During the industrial revolution, there were many failed attempts to improve the baton, such as sticks with integrated handcuffs. Today, the nightstick still remains as an effective straight stick CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN POLICE TECHNOLOGY 11 (McDonald, 2013). Other technology at this time, included the call and alarm boxes. These came around in the mid to late 1800s. They contained telephone lines that linked directly to the police departments (Archbold, 2012, p.7). Callboxes were put in place to improve communication. Police administrators used them for supervisory and managerial purposes (Archbold, 2012, p. 32). Officers were expected to call in every hour, never from the same spot, so that supervisors knew that they were walking their beat (Call box restoration project). Callboxes were the most used form of communication during this time (Archbold, 2012, p.8). Similar to callboxes, there were also alarm boxes. Businessmen were given the keys to alarm boxes so that they could call out the police force if there was a criminal incident or fire (Potter, 2013). Transportation technologies of early America were limited. In the 1700s and early 1800s police patrol was conducted mainly on foot. In the 1800s police started using horseback patrols, they were found to be effective against strikers and demonstrators (Potter, 2012). During this time, police also started using the wagon system. With the wagon system a large number of people could be arrested and transported all at once (Potter, 2013).


This thesis paper investigates the relation between anthropology and paraenetic instruction in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarch, a pseudepigraphon whose provenance is highly contested (hellenistic Jewish or early Christian).
It is argued that the text presupposes, up to a certain degree, human self-determination, that is, the capacity of human persons to make (moral) choices, which is necessary in order for paraenesis, or ethical teaching, to make sense in the first place. It is argued further that, according to the tenor of the paraenetical material in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, it is the creational order and indeed the very will of God that humans make use of this capacity so as to comply to the moral teachings that are delivered by the passing patriarchs. Achieving the virtues so forcefully enjoined by the patriarchs (and thereby avoiding sins often ascribed to the workings of demons or "spirits") can often be described as following the will of God. Thus, the correspondence between human self-determination (autonomy) and divine commandment/order ("theonomy" in a broader sense) can be conceived as the divinely ordained goal of human existence. It is human dependence on God that makes humans truly autonomous.


This work proposes a Bayesian approach for the analysis of a semiparametric density ratio model, a model useful for the integration of data from multiple sources. The proposed Bayesian analysis uses a non‐parametric likelihood and a transformed Gaussian prior for the "non‐parametric part" of the model. The former choice guarantees the validity of the Bayesian analysis in contrast to some semiparametric Bayesian analyses that rely on empirical likelihoods whereas the latter choice allows the representation of an expected smoothness property. We describe a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to fit this model which was found to empirically display good convergence behaviour. The model is illustrated with the analysis of motor vibration data obtained from three different locations on a motor. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 45: 274–289; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada


Objective:To study the action of Anti-inflammation and analgesia of clove-6.Methods:Studying the anti-inflammatory action of this medicine by inducing auricular swelling of mice with xylene,swelling of their feet with carragheenin and the analgesic action by mice hot plate test and acetic acid writhing test in mice.Results:Clove-6 was able to inhibit the swelling of mice's auricles and feet and alleviate the pain obviously in these tests.Conclusion:Clove-6 has the ideal anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions.