This paper considers whether the development of cryptocurrencies poses any threat to the ability of central banks to control the value of their national currencies. Can cryptocurrencies play the same role as actual currencies in influencing monetary policy? Despite all this inconvenience, the volume of transactions carried out using cryptocurrencies is still insignificant compared to those carried out using official currencies. Official money fulfils its main functions successfully when its value is sufficiently stable and there are no serious financial crises. While cryptocurrencies are able to work as a medium of exchange only, they cannot perform the rest of the functions of money successfully. They cannot be used as a unit of account or as a store of value due to their instability. In addition, cryptocurrencies cannot control the inflation target, unlike official currencies. However, the future role of cryptocurrencies remains uncertain. The new technology "like a block chain" will likely revolutionise finance in the future by conducting transactions faster, more securely and facilitating calculations that are beyond the capabilities of traditional computers. Therefore, we must keep an open mind about the new financial technologies, not only because of the risks they pose but also because they could improve our lives.


The abnormal cerium compounds Celn3, CeAl2, CeAl3 are studied by magnetization and specific heat measurements under pressure. The vicinity of the low temperature magnetic-non magnetic transition for Celn3 leads to a strong increase under pressure of the electronic specific heat whereas for CeAl2 a decrease is observed. Magnetization experiments performed on Ce 3Allx clearly show that striking properties attributed to CeAl3 may be due to a small content of Ce3Aln in CeAl3 samples.


In independent component analysis (ICA), random-variable independence is often equated with factorization of the joint moments, expectations of products of powers. This paper shows that many nonpower functions are equally useful: if E[f(X)g(Y)] factors into E[f(X)]E[g(Y)] for every f and g from an independence class, then random variables X and Y are independent. Examples of and sufficient conditions for independence classes are presented for bounded random variables.


This paper is an attempt to use the recent knowledge of Applied Climatology in order to ezamine to what extent Thornthwaite's scheme could be used to explain the distribution of natural vegetation on the basis of climatic data in Mysore State. The correspondences observed are so marked and convincing that they justify the applicability of water balance concepts to practical problems and thus establish the rationality of the approach as well.


With the development of China's market economy,mall,as a new kind of shopping center,has developed from major cities to medium-sized cities.But in medium-sized cities,some factors,such as traffic conditions,people's income level,consumption habits,consumption concept of the new shopping center,still have a big gap between big cities and medium-sized cities.So it remains some constrains and problems.This paper analyzes these constrains and problems based on the case of Lianda Commercial Plaza in order to find out the countermeasures and suggestions on positioning publicity,traffic arrangement,promotion methods,shopping layout and quality of service that other similar shopping centers in medium-sized cities can also learn from.


Summary In the 1970s a group of ex-partisans founded the Resistenza Continua social movement. This article traces the origins and history of the movement and explores its contacts with other similar neo-Resistance groups. Though Resistenza Continua was clearly not a movement of great consequence, an analysis of it sheds a useful light on the strengths and weaknesses of the Resistance tradition.


At present, the investment performance of investment funds is evaluated in two aspects: one is to evaluate yield without risk adjustment, the other risk-adjusted yield. This paper will discuss these two approaches, with emphasis on the corresponding empirical study design of the latter with a view to effectively applying it in research.


Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy is used to examine the stability of defect configurations in Si and InP. A systematic approach has been developed to study alternate structures of metastable defects through their representative electronic states. Regulation of defect charge state prior to analysis reveals dramatic transformations in the resulting spectra. These defect states are metastable and can be controlled with thermal or electronic energy. Model studies in electron irradiated InP and Si are presented. The barriers to configurational change are determined from the reaction kinetics. The roles of electric field, minority carrier injection and charge state are explored through junction bias techniques. It is believed that the observed behaviors represent a new class of defect reactions. The systematics of detecting and studying these reactions are presented. Model defect structures are discussed.


Based on the international iron ore trade data during the period 2000-2013, this paper analyzes the density,centrality and clustering coefficient of the international iron ore trade network by using the Social Network Method.These results show that: firstly, the tightness of the trade relation is not high. Although the international iron ore trade spreads nearly one hundred countries, its network is controlled by only a few countries such as Australia, Brazil.Secondly, Brazil, Australia, Japan and Germany occupy the important position in the international iron ore trade network,on which China does not have a significant impact. Thirdly, clustering coefficient of the international iron ore trade network has changed slightly, while the overall trend is downward rendering.


Two new flavonol glycosides and three known flavonoids were isolated from seeds of Camellia semiserrata Chi. The structures of these new flavonol glycosides were established as kaempferol 3-O-[(2'''',3'''',4''''-triacetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)(2''',4'''-diacetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] and kaempferol 3-O-[(3'''',4''''-diacetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)(2''',4'''-diacetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] by spectroscopic methods. The estrogenic activity of these compounds was investigated by a recombinant yeast screening assay.


AbstractThis study, which is based on six instrumented mould trials conducted at four Canadian minimills, has focused on the development of strategies for the detection of process upsets and defect deformation in the continuous casting of steel billets, using thermocouples installed in the mould wall. Laps and transverse depressions can be detected using two thermocouples installed in the mould wall at the midface location, with the first one located at least 100 mm below the meniscus. With respect to bleeds, it is preferable to monitor metal level fluctuations and mould wall temperatures, maintaining values within a desired range where bleed formation is minimal. In the case of rhomboidity, the average difference between maximum and minimum temperature for the four walls computed for one or more locations situated 25–50 mm below the meniscus (in the vicinity of the peak hot face temperature), for a time period corresponding to the entire billet length, correlates well with the severity of rhomboidity. Lo...


Providing food safety training to an audience whose native language is not English is always a challenge. In the study reported here, minimal-text visuals in Spanish were used to train Hispanic foodservice workers about proper handwashing technique and glove use based on the 2005 Food Code requirements. Overall, results indicated that visuals influenced participant knowledge about proper handwashing and proper glove use as evidenced by increased knowledge scores. Extension personnel can use visuals to train a wide variety of audiences about food safety, nutrition, occupational safety, and other topics.


This workshop aims to design advanced empathic user interfaces for in-vehicle displays, particularly for high-level automated vehicles (SAE level 3 or higher). Incorporating model-based approaches for understanding human emotion regulation, it seeks to enhance the user-vehicle interaction. A unique aspect of this workshop is the integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the design process. The workshop will explore generative AI's potential in crafting contextual responses and its impact on user experience and interface design. The agenda includes brainstorming on various driving scenarios, developing emotion-oriented intervention methods, and rapid prototyping with AI tools. The anticipated outcome includes practical prototypes of affective user interfaces and insights on the role of AI in designing human-machine interactions. Through this workshop, we hope to contribute to making automated driving more accessible and enjoyable.


In South Los Angeles, like in many low-income urban communities throughout the country, Latino immigrants are moving into historically African-American urban neighborhoods. This results in some real and some perceived competition for government resources, jobs, and political power. In such contexts, religious institutions can play a powerful role in building alliances between African-American and Latino immigrant residents. This case study aims to inform how the Second Baptists Church of Los Angeles, a historically African-American church and leader in civil rights, can begin developing ties with its Latino neighbors. Drawing on analyses of publicly available administrative data and original needs assessment data, we identify issues that might unite African-Americans and Latinos around a common agenda. This study presents a replicable model for a research-based approach to promoting multi-racial alliances in neighborhoods experiencing demographic transitions.


Recent improvements in infrared sensor and computer technology led to the resurgence of the infrared imaging in medicine. The technique has many advantages such as being noninvasive and relatively less expensive than MRI or ultrasound. These imaging techniques are based on the following principle: when a surface is heated or cooled, variations in the thermal properties of a structure result in identifiable temperature contours on it. These contours are characteristic of the structure's shape, depth, and its thermal properties.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


BACKGROUND
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Robert view in assessing trapeziometacarpal arthrosis and to compare the accuracy of the Robert and lateral views in staging trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint arthrosis.

METHODS
Patient demographics were obtained. Four participating raters reviewed 62 randomly selected thumb x-rays of patients presenting with thumb TM joint pain. Lateral and Robert-hyperpronation views were assessed using an analysis of 13 criteria.

RESULTS
X-rays of 62 thumbs for 58 patients were evaluated. The average patients' age was 64 (47-87) and 51 (80%) were females. The majority of X-rays evaluated fell into stage 3. Stage 2 was the second most common level of arthritis encountered and the least was stage 1. More osteophytes were encountered in the trapezium than metacarpal on both the Robert and lateral views. The Robert view was superior in detecting osteophytes on the trapezium than the lateral view. Osteophyte size varied from 1.7 to 2 mm. The lateral view displayed 61 cases with dorsal metacarpal subluxation (98%). The Robert view displayed 48 cases (77%) with radial metacarpal subluxation and 9 cases (15%) with ulnar metacarpal subluxation. Thumb metacarpal adduction deformity was encountered on the lateral view in 20 cases (32%) whereas on the Robert view it was encountered in 14 cases (23%). Subchondral sclerosis was encountered on the Robert view in 56 thumbs (90%) while it was seen on the lateral view in 52 thumbs (84%). Pantrapezial arthritis involving the STT joint was encountered equally in 16 cases (26%) on the Robert view and the lateral views. The study found a moderate level of interrater reliability on both the lateral and Robert views. With the exception of osteophytes encountered on the trapezium versus the metacarpal, there were no other statistically significant findings.

CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms that each of the Robert and lateral views offer unique information and combining both views enhances the ability to assess radiographic disease severity, and should be the recommended set of X-rays for assessing TM osteoarthrosis.


A producing process for manufacturing glass-ceramic decorative slabs from niobium-tantalum ore tailings was studied. The effect of the enamel formulations of the glass-ceramics on technological regimes in sintering system and conjunction of the body with enamel was examined. The crystalline composition on the glass-ceramic surface,and the conjunction and match of the glass-ceramic enamel with body were studied by XRD and SEM.


Background: Intravenous dolasetron mesilate has shown efficacy in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) when administered as a single dose prior to emergence from anesthesia. This trial compared intravenous dolasetron and ondansetron for the prevention of PONV when administered at induction of anesthesia.


Manganese (Mn) using as raw material for melting process in ferrous foundry and it is considered as a hazardous neurotoxic substance. The furnace-men and melting department workers are potentially exposed to manganese particles or fume in the workplace which accumulates in their central nervous system and neurological disorder observed for exposed workers. The objective of the research was to investigate the sources and levels of manganese exposure in the foundry by correlation of blood-manganese (B-Mn) and air- manganese (air-Mn) measurement. Air-Mn and B-Mn were measured involving workers (case= 35, control=35) who worked in a big size foundry during one year. The standard method of OSHA- ID121 was used for air and blood assessment and atomic absorbsion spectroscopy (AAS) was carried out for air and blood sample analysis. The air sampling results revealed that there is a high exposure to manganese (4.5 mg/m ) in the 3 workplace compare to NIOSH time weighted average (Reference TWA= 1 mg/m ). The average blood Mn 3 concentration were 2.745 and 274.85 µg/l for less than three months (n=35) and 3-12 months working experience (n= 35), respectively, it imply that there is a high accumulation of manganese in their blood. Risk assessment based on mutual evaluations of B-Mn and air-Mn seems to be valid in the understanding of workers' hazard. Our study indicates that B-Mn assessment by AAS may be a precious procedure for estimation of exposure condition based on working experience (more than 3 months).


The effect of O-rings on the behavior of damping coefficients is investigated using a squeeze film damper unit with a horizontal shaft configuration. Experimental values of the equivalent viscous damping coefficient are presented for three ranges of initial compressibility13; in the mounting of the O-ring and three values of rubber hardness. The inclusion of O-rings in the squeeze film damper unit increases the damping coefficient for larger film thicknesses with the effect found to decrease with film thickness. The hardness of the O-ring increases13; the damping coefficient whereas rotor speed and initial13; compressibility have little effect.


This paper proposes a codebook based limited feedback zero-forcing(ZF) precoding scheme for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink channels. In such system, each user needs to calculate a channel directional index (CDI) and a channel quality indicator (CQI), feedback them to the base station (BS). BS selects the set of active users, and calculates transmit beams through zero forcing method. In case of rank-one feedback, each user should combine the MIMO channel into a multiple-input single-output (MISO) channel through a receiver weight, then feedback CDI and CQI of this combined channel. Current existing schemes use the Hermitian of the left eigenvector associated to the maximum eigenvalue of the channel as the weight. The problem is that when there is multi-user interference, the feedback information is inaccurate. Focusing on this problem, we propose a new feedback scheme which uses a quasi minimum mean squared error (MMSE) weight to calculate CQI and CDI. By the simulations in 3GPP long term evaluation (LTE) environment, the proposed scheme is proved to achieve higher spectrum efficiency than the existing schemes.


Autopsy specimens of iliac arteries of 63 individuals of ages between birth and 91 years have been used to measure pressure–volume curves from which elastic diagrams, i.e. tension vs. elongation, and 'elastances' were deduced. For a smaller number of specimens, the longitudinal elastance was also measured. The resistance to deformation was also derived from the amount of excess pressure outside, which was required to empty the vessel (collapse pressure). The mean curves of tension vs. stretch for the different age groups showed a remarkable increase in resistance to stretch with age for both circumferential and longitudinal elastance. The incidence of atherosclerosis, shown by the independent grading of the histologist, increased with age, but vessels not showing atherosclerosis also showed a significant increase in 'elastance' with age. The thickness of the arterial wall was increased from birth to age 20 (about 3 times) but did not change significantly thereafter. There was a significant trend for the d...


because, to get proper fixation, it was necessary to put the plaster right up to the nipple line, on the side opposite to the disease, and hence efficient heliotherapy was not possible. Dr. Hipsley thought that a little movement did not do any harm and that frequently children were kept too long at rest in bed. Dr. Hipsley said that they were always taught that tuberculous abscesses should never be opened, and in general he agreed with this, although sometimes it was difficult to evacuate the pus, except by open incision. Professor Starr, of Toronto, claimed excellent results after opening cold abscesses and then swabbing them out with iodoform gauze. If it was necessary to aspirate frequently, a sinus often resulted, and there were cases in which the correct treatment was to open the abscess by making an incision through healthy skin so that it could be closed again after evacuation.


Oxfam has been involved in sustainable livelihoods and enterprise development since the 1960s, gaining practical experience in setting up businesses that deliver social as well as economic development. Since we believe that gender inequality is one of the greatest barriers to poverty eradication worldwide, over the last three years we have been piloting an innovative Enterprise Development Programme (EDP) – a unique initiative that uses a business approach to create wealth, and deliver economic growth, while increasing women's power in markets and wider society. This article outlines the reasons why Oxfam is encouraging this type of investment in rural Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), the importance of promoting the role of women in enterprise development, and some of the successes and challenges faced by the EDP so far. We hope that the lessons that we have learned will help and inspire other international development practitioners to support and invest in SMEs that work for women.


Background: Predicting the final height in children with idiopathic short stature is essential for starting growth hormone therapy. This study was conducted to assess final height estimation variability over time. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children with idiopathic short stature were examined. Bone age and final height were estimated through the Greulich-Pile and Bayley-Pinneau method. This process repeated in the later visits with at least six months, and the results were compared statistically. The patients were classified based on the changes in predicted final height (PFH). Results: A total of 81 patients (46 boys, 35 girls) with a mean age of 11.09 years were enrolled. The calculated PFH in the first visit was 160.15±8.79 cm, which has decreased to 159.33±9.38 cm. Based on the second evaluation, 43 patients had few changes in PFH (±3 cm), 23 patients experienced a decrease in PFH of more than 3 cm, and 15 patients experienced an increase in PFH of more than 3 cm. A change in Tanner stage, weight gain, height velocity, target height, and the interval between the two evaluations were similar in all groups. Young under ten years had more decreasing in the PFH. Conclusion: Depending on bone age velocity, predicting the final height can change over time. As bone age velocity increases, PFH decreases more. PFH is also less reliable at younger ages and requires monitoring of growth and puberty and repeating final estimations later in life.


A general variational approach for the study of mixtures of complex fluids is described in this paper. In particular, the special coupling between the transport of the microscopic variables by the flow and the induced elastic stress is elaborated, and an efficient numerical scheme based on a stabilized semi-implicit discretization in time and a well-conditioned spectral-Galerkin method in space is also presented. As examples of applications, the Marangoni-Benard convection and the mixture of nematic liquid crystal with a Newtonian fluid are considered. Some numerical simulations indicating the robustness and versatility of the proposed approach are presented.


Body-Crossroads as Performing Experience in the Congado Ritual – This article discusses the congado ritual as a performing experience based on the notions of body-crossroads. First, it studies the congado universe and its symbolic complexity, perceiving it as a crossroad culture. The congado ritual is the nodal point of this manifestation. The relation between the body and the performance characterizes the ritual. This work is based on theoretical studies and field research carried out with the Catopês of the city of Bocaiúva, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and aims to be a reference for studies on Brazilian culture, especially on Afro-Brazilian cultural manifestations.


Children are at high risk for influenza and for severe cases.This article discussed the pathogenesis of severe influenza in children, including evaluation methods, immune system development, energy metabolism, genetic background and influenza virus strains.Try to provide some ideas for early identification, diagnosis and treatment of severe influenza in children.

Key words:
Influenza; Pathogenesis; Child


The purpose of this paper is to develop structural classification of Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problem (SVRP) by different domains and attributes. This research used a systematic review and meta-analysis on SVRP literatures. This includes browsing relevant researches and publications, screening related articles, identifying domains, attributes and categorising the articles based on the identified domains and attributes. The findings of the study show clear differences on the number of studies under each domain and attribute. Most studied attributes are stochastic customer demand, capacitated vehicle, synthesis data and objective function with cost minimization. Whereas the least studied are maximisation objective function, stochastic service time, and an applied model using stochastic with recurs. The research helps to summarise and map a comprehensive survey on SVRP literatures so that various contributions in the field are organised in a manner that provide a clear view for the readers and identify future research directions. This paper is the first of its kind in the field of SVRP that develop a classification scheme for articles published since 1993 to enhances the development of this newly emerging discipline.


This research compares the performance of two reused electric generators (a car alternator and a permanent magnet DC motor) coupled to a stationary bike. From physical performance tests, the average (62.13 W) and maximum (150 W) mechanical power delivered by a person were determined. Furthermore, an injection mechanical power system and a data acquisition system were implemented to determine the performance of the generators. Mechanical power was gradually injected into the bicycle-generator system and electrical output power was measured. The vacuum losses and the efficiency for each generator were determined. Subsequently, performance tests were validated with real people. It found the average powers generated with the DC motor and the alternator are 56.4 W and 25 W, respectively. It concludes that generators with characteristics similar to the DC motor used in this research are viable to generate energy when they coupled to stationary bikes.


The Norwegian language falls into two main variants bokmal and nynorsk. The majority's variant is bokmal, used by over 90 % of the population. Historically, bokmal again falls into several sub-variants, but now the two main sub-variantsriksmal and bokmal proper are practically united in one common norm. This norm is being documented in the national dictionary project bearing the symbolically significant name BRO ('bridge'). The article presents the background for the BRO collaboration, and sketches a concrete and feasible plan for the lexicographical documentation of the common norm. A challenge lies in the choice of lemma sign form and the presentation of bokmal's wide variety of optional forms, where also style nuances play a role. The same applies to the choice of examples and collocations and other multi-word lemmas. Both challenges arise from the need for freedom of expression within the norm, which is typical of Norwegians' preference to mark identity through


Considering that researches are perceived as the main mission for every universities in Thailand, a key performance indicator representing performance quality of relevant agencies, as well as an assessment factor for world leading university ranking programmes. None the less, there are no clear guidelines set by the College of Government, Rangsit University with respect to the internal practices towards the promotion of research activities. Accordingly, this study aims to (i) examine all researches context and research promotion policy found within the College of Government, Rangsit University; (ii) conduct a strength-weakness analysis; (iii) analyse experiences and lessons learned of other institutes; and lastly; (iv) provide applicable recommendations, based on literature reviews of both primary and secondary materials, for the College. From the research findings, it is discovered that (i) supports given by the University have, in general, led to a higher number of research publications, however, more could still be achieved should they had utilised the support programme more effectively; (ii) despite the College's research support programme including its fostering environment and favourable organization culture, a lack of research initiatives as well as limited number of competent staffs are essentially main challenges that restrict possible research potentials; (iii) the challenges faced by either the College or Rangsit University are also present amongst other institutions, of which they have laid down relevant guidelines aiming to promote research publications; (iv) there are three steps that the College could undergo, as an ad hoc response, the College should provide greater research incentives and more supporting environment for its academics, followed by creating appealing conditions to encourage publications and disseminations, and lastly as an ultimate long run solution, practical strategy and systematic regimes should be put in place.


Mesoporous TiO2 materials have been prepared by an aerosol process, which leverages on acetic acid mediated sol–gel chemistry and on the evaporation-induced self-assembly of surfactants to obtain m...


Once in a great while a novel comes along that pleases and astonishes not only by virtue of the story it tells, but also by virtue of its form, and the new possibilities that it suggests for the genre itself. Gerard Gavarry's Hop la! un deux trois (2001) is just such a book, one of the richest and most innovative novels to appear in France in recent years. Set in the suburbs of Paris, it puts on stage figures seen only rarely in French fiction: supermarket employees, long-distance truck drivers, fatigued commuters, and young, supremely disaffected banlieusards. Clearly, one of the things that Gavarry is after in his project is to persuade his readers that the banlieue and its inhabitants deserve more attention than they have been accorded in fiction. And in that sense Hop la! is a deeply committed "social text," invoking what Franqois Maspero (speaking from the perspective of an "intra-muros" Parisian) called "ce monde qu'on a sous les yeux et qu'on ne voit pas: ce monde des frontibres, qui, ai chacun de nous, fait un peu peur" (18).1 The tale that Gavarry tells is a fairly simple (if violent) one, focusing upon an adolescent named Ti-Jus Deux-Rivibres who rapes and murders his mother's supervisor, Madame Fenerolo; and the narrative archetype that Gavarry appeals to is the biblical account of Judith's seduction and decapitation of Holofernes. What complicates his tale, however, is the fact that Gavarry tells it three times over, in three separate parts of his novel. Those parts, entitled respectively "Le cocotier," "Le cargo," and "Le Centaure," present Gavarry's story in three different modes, or tones, with three sets of images and three vocabularies of key terms. The first relies on tropical images, as if the banlieue itself had suddenly been transplanted to a more conventionally exotic shore. Gavarry's characters speak to each other using words borrowed from the lexicon of the coconut industry, in a jargon that, in the first instance at least, appears to be impenetrable. The second part transforms the banlieue into a seascape; here, the characters' discourse is awash in arcane nautical terms. The final part invokes the mythology surrounding centaurs, and, like those figures, its lexicon is a hybrid creation, where modern French and ancient Greek vex each other in intriguing ways.


In this paper, the basics of FDA regulatory premarket process were introduced that relates to chronically implanted recording devices in the central or peripheral nervous system.


Objective To study the contents and determination method of chlorogenic acid,forsythin and glycyrrhizic acid in Yinqiaojiedu Tablets.Methods The procedure of RP-HPLC was performed on a column of DiamonsilTM C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) using acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid water solution as the mobile phase in gradient elution.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.λ1 was 326 nm,λ2 was 228 nm,and λ3 was 252 nm in three-wavelength detection.The column temperature was 30℃.Results The sample size of chlorogenic acid,forsythin and glycyrrhizic acid showed respectively a good linear relationship at range of 0.395 6~2.769 2 μg,0.592 8~4.149 6 μg and 0.558 3~3.908 0 μg(r=0.999 1,r=0.999 8 and r=0.999 9).The average recovery(n=6) was 100.5%,97.1% and 99.6%(RSD=1.6%,2.1% and 1.2%) respectively.Conclusion The method is peculiar with a good reproducibility,which can be used for the qualitative evaluation of Yinqiaojiedu Tablets.


Deals for half-off Botox treatments, hair transplants or liposuction haven't traditionally shown up in bargain bins. Nor have advertisements asserting that "detox foot pads" are "the secret to soothing your battered body" exactly been a medical norm. Well, perhaps, not since the days when


The coordination between the renewable energy integration scale and the cycling capacity adequacy of power systems has been largely ignored at the capacity planning stage. In this paper, a generation capacity planning model (GCPM) for power systems with significant renewable energy is proposed taking into account the base-load cycling capacity margin (BCCM). In this model, the daily feasible ranges of system minimum output in the target year are given. For a day in the target year, if the sum of minimum load and BCCM does not reach the feasible range, then the BCCM constraint of that day is introduced into the GCPM to re-optimize the generation capacity mix. This treatment is conducted for each day to make sure the daily BCCM constraints can be satisfied in the capacity planning stage. Moreover, the impact of the CO2 emission cost on the optimal generation capacity mix is also addressed. The model is solved by combination of the screening curves method and Lagrange relaxation method. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed model. As compared with the traditional GCPM without BCCM constraints, the capacity shift from base-load plants to mid- and peak-load plants increases significantly with the increase of renewables after considering the BCCM constraints. It confirms that the BCCM constraints are non-negligible in GCPM, especially for power system with high share of renewable energy.


Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Setting the Scene Chapter 2: Determining the Need Chapter 3: Getting Started Chapter 4: Running the Business Chapter 5: Flight Department Management Chapter 6: Operations Chapter 7: Maintenance Chapter 8: Safety Chapter 9: Putting It All Together Appendix A: Business Aviation Background Appendix B: Air Transportation Requirements Appendix C: Owner Flown Procedures Appendix D: Budget Justification Appendix E: Employee Jobs and Performance GLOSSARY INDEX ABOUT THE AUTHOR


In this paper,we consider a queueing system with two heterogeneous servers of different service rates,in which Server 1 is perfectly reliable and Server 2 is subject to breakdown.Using the quasi-birth-and-death process method,we derive the equilibrium condition of the system and the matrix-geometric solution of the steady-state probability vectors.Some performance measures of the system and numerical results are obtained.


Cross-domain recommender systems use information from source domains to improve recommendations in a target domain, where the term domain refers to a set of items that share attributes and/or user ratings. Most works on this topic focus on accuracy but disregard other properties of recommender systems. In this paper, we attempt to improve serendipity and accuracy in the target domain with datasets from source domains. Due to the lack of publicly available datasets, we collect datasets from two domains related to music, involving user ratings and item attributes. We then conduct experiments using collaborative filtering and content-based filtering approaches for the purpose of validation. According to our results, the source domain can improve serendipity in the target domain for both approaches. The source domain decreases accuracy for contentbased filtering and increases accuracy for collaborative filtering. The improvement of accuracy decreases with the growth of non-overlapping items in different domains.


Heavy metal pollution has become one of the major problems in the world,and soil cadmium( Cd)pollution is the most widespread pollution. Cd is a heavy metal without biological functions and highly toxic to organism,and its accumulation in soil is becoming a severe threat to plant growth. Nitric oxide( NO) is an oxidation reduction signaling molecule and a reactive nitrogen species( RNS) with diverse physiological functions in plants. Recently,many researchers found that NO plays an important role in mediating some biotic and abiotic stress-induced oxidative stresses in plant kingdom. The valuable ornamental plant Catharanthus roseus is an important landscaping and anticancer drug source plant which is widely distributed in city gardens and on roadsides in China. Our objective was to investigate the effects of exogenous NO with the sodium nitroprusside( SNP,anexogenous NO donor) on the plant growth,reactive oxygen species( O2and H2O2),antioxidative enzymes,ATPase enzyme and mineral nutrition absorption in C. roseus seedlings under cadmium stress. A controlled pot-experiment was arranged with seven concentrations( CK,0; Cd,25 mg / kg Cd2 +; T1,Cd2 ++ 0. 45 mg / kg SNP;T2,Cd2 ++ 0. 90 mg / kg SNP; T3,Cd2 ++ 1. 80 mg / kg SNP; T4,Cd2 ++ 3. 60 mg / kg SNP; T5,Cd2 ++ 7. 20mg / kg SNP). Morphological,ecological,physiological indexes were observed during the growth of C. roseus. The distribution of Cd,macro( K,Ca and Mg) and micronutrients( Fe,Cu and Zn) in C. roseus plants was determined after harvest. The results show that the addition of 25 mg / kg CdCl2inhibits the growth of C. roseus seedlings,and dramatically increases accumulation of Cd in both shoots and roots,furthermore,the absorptions of macro and micronutrients are inhibited. Addition of 0. 45 mg / kg,0. 90 mg / kg and 1. 80 mg / kg SNP significantly decrease the transport of Cd from roots to shoots,alleviate the inhibition of K,Ca,Mg and Fe,Cu,Zn absorption induced by cadmium,reduce the toxicity symptoms,and promote the plant growth. The accumulation of ROS,including malondialdehyde( MDA) and superoxide radicals( O2) generation rate,significantly is increased in C.roseus seedlings exposed to the cadmium stress,and is resulted in the lipid peroxidation,which is indicated by accumulated concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances( TBARS). Addition of 0. 45 mg / kg,0. 90mg / kg and 1. 80 mg / kg SNP significantly decrease the levels of O2and H2O2,and lipid peroxidation. The activities of antioxidant enzymes also show the same changes. Addition of 0. 45,0. 90 and 1. 80 mg / kg SNP increase the activities of catalase( CAT),superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD),and glutathione( GSH) in C. roseus seedlings exposed to Cd. Simultaneously,addition of 0. 45 mg/kg,0. 90 mg/kg and 1. 80mg / kg SNP can induce H+- ATPase,Ca2 +- ATPase and 5'- AMPase enzyme activity of plasma membrane to normal levels in shoots and roots. Addition of 1. 80 mg / kg exogenous SNP has the most significant alleviating effect against cadmium toxicity,while the addition of 3. 60 mg / kg and 7. 20 mg / kg SNP have no significant effects with cadmium treatments.


500kV Nanning substation is the pivot of the power transmission from west to East.In the past 10 years, Nanning substation has been expanded and operation mode has changed. It will have a negative impact on the operation of the local power grid when lightning damage accident happened in Nanning substation. The study built a substation model and calculated the amplitude of transient overvoltage in equipment due to shielding failure and back flash on 500kV transmission lines. According to the simulation results, the lightning surge insulation margin of the equipment in the substation was checked. Meanwhile, the influence of different factors on amplitude of lightning overvoltage were studied. The simulation results provide references for the safe operation of power grid and the improvements to design for lightning protection.


We report here a case of nonhepatosplenic γδ T‐cell lymphoma with undescribed initial localization in testis, without hepatosplenomegaly or adenopathies, and subsequent development in the maxillary sinus. The maxillar mass biopsy revealed a T‐cell infiltration, and its immunologic characterization by flow cytometry showed a γδ T‐cell phenotype (CD45+, CD3+, CD2+, TCR γδ+), without expression of CD7, CD5, CD1a, TdT, CD4, CD8, TCR αβ, or NK antigens (CD16, CD56, and CD57). Clonal γ‐chain gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was detected in testicular and maxillar biopsies. Epstein‐Barr virus type 1 (EBV) sequences were detected by molecular biology in the biopsy material, suggesting that this oncogenic virus may play a role in the genesis of the clonal expansion of γδ T‐cells. The patient was initially treated with standard chemotherapeutic protocols, with poor response and aggressive course. Am. J. Hematol. 65:260–262, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract We present adsorption processes of dinitrogen on size-selected silver cluster cations, Agn+ (n = 1–10), studied by kinetics measurement using an ion trap. The cluster ions showed sequential adsorption of N2 molecules when the ion trap was cooled down to 105 K, excluding n = 8 and 9 that were exceptionally inactive at this temperature. Termolecular rate coefficients of each adsorption step are determined by analyzing time-dependent changes in the reactant and product ion signals. The first-step rate coefficients were found to increase exponentially from n = 1 to 7 due to increased internal degrees of freedom at larger sizes, which are favorable for accommodating the adsorption energy in a free cluster. In contrast, the adsorption rate turned to decrease for n > 7 due to weaker binding of dinitrogen as revealed by density-functional-theory (DFT) calculation. Adsorption sites on Agn+ are further discussed on the basis of the maximum number of adsorbing N2 molecules observed in the experiment.


T. R. Dickson. Wiley: New York, NY, 1995. xvi + 663 pp. Figs. and tables. 19.2 X 23.2 cm. $20.95 PB.Seventh edition! If you liked the previous editions of this one-term chemistry textbook, as I did, you will like this edition. And it has been improved, though one might think wisdom would have been to leave well enough alone. This edition hones the outstanding clarity of presentation and emphasis on how to solve problems. A special feature of the latter is the use of interesting graphics to clarify the pertinent steps and concepts involved, say, in stoichiometry. Others may be intrigued with the unique flowchart for nomenclature (p 280) that would appeal to students exposed to programming or who are comfortable with computers, surely a sizeable majority of students. Another special feature: focus boxes in the text that provide an effective emphasis of concepts and their applications/significance ("Calcium in the Body" comes after a section called "Predicting Chemical Reactions"). The margins also are used ...


A woman developed pulmonary embolism with cardiac arrest after caesarean section. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed for 45 min during which echocardiography showed right ventricular dilatation. After stabilization, but still in a critical condition, the patient was transferred by airambulance to a hospital with facilities for extracorporeal circulation. A massive embolus was removed. Some hours after extubation the patient developed respiratory insuffiency and hypovolaemia. Re‐intubation was followed by severe hypotension requiring external cardiac compression for about 15 min. An emergency explorative laparotomy revealed a ruptured liver with a subcapsular haematoma. A critical illness polyneuropathy made prolonged ventilatory support necessary. She recovered without cerebral sequelae.


Catalytic wet air oxidation(CWAO) was an useful kind of advanced oxidation process for treating wastewater containing high concentration,toxic and non-biodegradable pollutants by using an effective catalyst.The Mn-Ce catalysts performed low cost,high activity,good stability and selevtivity.Therefore,it became a hot research and application point at home and abroad.The preparation methods and applications of Mn-Ce catalyst,the deactivation mechanism and regeneration measures were also studied,with a view to provide a reference for the researchers.


It is often useful to know the element excitations of an array antenna. This information may be used to adjust the phase shifters of an electronically scanned array, or to verify the design of an antenna with a fixed excitation. It can be difficult, however, to measure the element excitations directly without disturbing the field fo the antenna. This paper describes a procudure to calculate the excitation of each radiator from a near-field scan of the antenna. First, the plane wave spectrum of the antenna is computed from the near-field data. This is divided through by the spectrun of a typical array element. Integration then yields the complex element excitations, which include any mutual coupling effects that may be present. The precise location of each radiator relative to the near-field data is essential for this calculation. Results are given for measurements of a C-band circularly polarized array of potter horns fed by a squareax network.


This chapter examines the role of non-iconic elements in the Roman visual arts, highlighting their contribution for the purposes of identifying, situating, and characterizing individual figures and whole scenes. Non-iconic or non-figural elements such as bases, frames, or supports, as well as features that relate to the material identity of an artwork (e.g., the type of metal, stone, and pigments), do not refer to things or facts about the subject or outside the artwork itself. Nonetheless, these elements play an essential role in establishing the meaning and context of an image. As recent scholarship has demonstrated, they participate in a complex semantics of visual codes and stereotypes designed to assist viewers in making sense of an image at both immediate and more sophisticated levels.


As the number of mobile devices we carry increase, the job of managing those devices throughout the day becomes cumbersome. This is especially true for cell phones. Despite the many benefits they provide, cell phones create problems that arise from a mismatch between the user's context and the cell phone's behavior. In large part, the mismatch occurs because owners do not remember to frequently update their cell phone configurations according to the current context. It is desirable for mobile devices to automatically configure themselves based on the context of the environment and user preferences. While automatic configuration of cell phones may prove too tedious as different sensors are involved, it still serves as an effective means of managing cell phones in different contextual environments. In this work, a context-aware cell phone was simulated and its response was tested in different environments to see if it would react accordingly. The sensor, media and audio manager framework of the android operating system were used in capturing data from the cellphone's inbuilt sensor, and contextual information were derived from the data captured. A combination of these contextual information was used to deduce the likely activity the user is carrying out at a particular moment, and appropriate cellphone configuration. Keywords : Context, Context-Awareness, Cellphone, Android, Sensors, Platform


Starting from the economic relationship among regions,the paper analyzes the logistics demand at Lianyungang,the economic hinterland with qualitative and quantitative analysis.


The multinational enterprises are now transferring abroad their service which are out of the hinge of the business in the form of outer-contract for the goal of maximized resource redistribution,cost control,profit maximization under the circumstances of globalization.This megatrend is a important opportunity for China to absorb FDI.This article analyzes the status quo of multinational enterprise's service outer-contract and concludes the relevant strategy of receiving FDI for Chinese government and domestic firms.


Basing on the Chetaev's theorem on stable trajectories in dynamics in the presence of dissipative forces we obtain a generalized stability condition for Hamiltonian systems that has the form of the Schrodinger equation. We show that the energy of the dissipative forces generating generalized Chetaev's stability condition exactly coincides with Bohm's "quantum" potential. Using the principle of least action of perturbation we prove that the Bohmian quantum mechanics complemented with the Chetaev's generalized theorem does not have hidden variables.


The CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12) ceramics doped by Eu_2O_3 with different dopant contents were prepared by the traditional solid-state reaction method.The results showed that the dielectric properties of CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12) ceramics were greatly associated with the grains structures.The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the phase structures CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12) doped by Eu_2O_3 were similar to that of pure CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12).But Eu_2O_3-dopping can detered the formation of Cu-enriched phase and increasing number of the smaller grains appeared around big grains got crystal grains touch closer.This can improve the stability of dielectric properties of materials. On the other hand,the dielectric constant decreases with the increasing of dopant content because of the decreasing of the average grains size.The best improvement can be made as being doped by 0.2%.


Solving the lattice RPn-1 and CPn-1 models in the large-n limit, the authors show that they undergo a first-order phase transition for dimensions greater than or equal to two. In the latter case, although there is no long-range order, they argue that at least in the RPn-1 model, the transition corresponds to a condensation of defects.


Analysis of the brain specific biomarkers amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and total tau (t-tau) protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has a sensitivity and specificity of more than 85% for differentiating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from non-demented controls. International guidelines are contradictory in their advice on the use of CSF biomarkers in AD diagnostics, resulting in a lack of consistency in clinical practice. We present three case reports that illustrate clinical practice according to the Dutch and European guidelines and portray the value of CSF biomarker analysis as an add-on diagnostic to the standard diagnostic workup for AD.


further step in righting humiliation and achieving respect. As he points out, Herzl was more occupied with the issues of Jewish pride and Gentile recognition than with a refuge for Jews in distress, "more with Jewish honor than with Jewish power" (8). Herzl thought that anti-Semitism would disappear with the departure of the Jews from Europe. But he was "far from bearing Gentiles' animosity"; on the contrary, the purpose of "statehood was to reconcile Jews and Gentiles, not to renounce Europe but to identify with it, not to emphasize differences between Jews and Gentiles, but to eliminate them" (179). Komberg's historical approach to Herzl—taking up the subject of the power of stereotypes —seems to be a promising approach to understanding the struggles and identity problems of minorities and women, as well. It also seems to be an interesting exercise to compare other research, such as that of Klaus Hodl, with Komberg's Theodor Herzl, Based on the example of the Zionist Turnverein (gymnastics association), Hodl argues that the early Western Zionists also believed in science and accepted medical research that, in the late nineteenth century, created the image of Jews as "the others." Like Theodor Herzl, they accepted anti-Semitic prejudices and hoped that Zionism, and especially the Zionist sports movement, would reconcile Jews, so that only the Zionist Jew would remain, while "the others," the Eastern European Jews, who actually were not regarded as Jews, would disappear (Klaus Hodl, "Der Zionismus als Therapie'—Zionistische Strategien zur Bekampfung des Antisemitismus," Zeitgeschichte 1-2 [1997]: 48-61; see also Klaus Hodl, Geschlecht undMedizin iml9. Jahrhundert [forthcoming]). Analyzing the reactions of Jewish leaders to the founding of the State of Israel, we can see that the "new Jew" they saw represented by the Israelis actually was an answer to long-term anti-Jewish stereotypes and the nightmare of the Shoah: Jewish soldiers and pioneers became the new heroes while ghetto Jews and Holocaust survivors were regarded as an embarrassment (see Tom Segev, The Seventh Million: Israelis and the Holocaust [New York, 1993], and Helga Embacher, Neubeginn ohne Illusionen. Juden in Osterreich nach 1945 [Vienna, 1995], 90ff.).


Graduation thesis discusses calculation of geometric center for a chosen area with examples from abroad and Slovenia. Presented and compared are several methods for calculating or determining the geometric center with associated conditions for area and data selection. The preliminary results are calculated, compared and cartographically displayed coordinates of the geometric center of Slovenia obtained by using some of the described methods with the integration of different areas and data. The final results of the thesis are coordinates of the geometric center of Slovenia calculated with the use of the analytical method where the border of an area consist of a polygonal line


We prove an equivalence between the derived category of a variety and the equivariant/graded singularity category of a corresponding singular variety. The equivalence also holds at the dg level. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Mathematics First Advisor Tony Pantev Subject Categories Algebra | Algebraic Geometry This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/319 The Derived Category and the Singularity Category


In 2020 we published a case-series detailing patients who died from pancreatic cancer [1] (Appendix). These three patients were diagnosed with new-onset type 2 mellitus or deterioration of pre-existing type 2 diabetes shortly before their pancreatic malignancy was detected. We reflected on some characteristics in their presentation and clinical course of their diabetes mellitus that were atypical and could suggest the need for further investigation. In the presented cases the diagnosis diabetes mellitus led not to the diagnosis of the underlying pancreatic carcinoma in such a timely manner that it contributed to survival.


Let E be a Hilbert H∗-module over an H∗-algebra A, and BA(E) be the C∗-algebra of all bounded A-linear operators on E. In this paper, we show that the set of all semi A-Fredholm operators on E equals to the set of all regular operators on E and we apply this fact to show that if the linear map φ on BA(E) is surjective up to compact operators and preserves closedness of operator ranges in both directions, then φ preserves semi AFredholm operators in both directions.


In this paper,the concept of subinvariant Lie algebra is generalized. It is discussed that the properties of subinvariant n-Lie algebras.


Wenckebach periods of alternate beats (AW) can be described as a 2:1 atrioventricular (A-V) block in which the conducted P waves show progressive prolongation of the P-R interval of the Wenckebach type. However, while classical Wenckebach periods terminate with a single blocked P wave, AW necessarily ends with (or begins from) two consecutive blocked P waves. Five clinical cases and several experimental examples of AW are reported. Recovery curves of A-V conduction were constructed, and it was demonstrated that AW is related to a marked prolongation of both the absolute and relative refractory periods. All the cases were associated with intraventricular block. In addition, recording of His bundle potentials in one case, histological study of the conduction system in another, and the experimental observations, support the view that AW tends to occur below the A-V node, in one of the main ventricular conducting fascicles. Four of the five patients developed complete heart block and Adams-Stokes seizures.


Summary A re-evaluation of the temperature humidity index (THI) confirmed that current THI values underestimate the severity of heat stress levels. Previously, a THI equal to or greater than 72 has been used to define onset of heat stress, but our research demonstrated that a THI greater than or equal to 68 is low enough to cause adverse affects when cows suffer from heat stress. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that when average THI is 68 or higher, the milk yield loss becomes highly significant after 17 hours of exposure. Supplementation of lactating dairy cows with encapsulated niacin proved to alleviate some affects of heat stress during acute thermal stress. This was observed through increased evaporative heat loss, increased water intake to support the increased sweating rate, and decreased rectal and core temperatures. Milk production was not affected by the supplementation of encapsulated niacin.


Gastrointestinal duplication cysts are uncommon congenital malformations that could present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. They may be either cystic or tubular, and most of them are located in the mesentery of the intestine. Duplication cysts can be a diagnostic dilemma to the surgeon because of their varied presentations. A high index of suspicion is necessary to facilitate the diagnosis and prompt operative intervention after adequate resuscitation may be necessary in a setting where diagnostic tests are either not available or affordable. We report a case of a noncommunicating ileal duplication cyst in an infant presenting with intussusception, which was successfully managed by surgery.


While surface electromyography(SEMG) using traditional disposal, the individual difference is obvious. For this reason, we provides a new feature extraction method to SEMG: Power Spectrum coefficient method. This method is suitable to the feature extraction of non-special-person. By calculated the parameters of Power Spectrum,we got the numerical value of Power Spectrum. The Power Spectrum coefficient method decreases the individual difference, and solves the non-special-person's recognition of the forearm movement.


We analyzed the effect of three different types of inventory systems for saving the total cost using simulation on the system where multiple depots...


We examine the theoretical relationship between Ω0 and substructure in galaxy clusters that are formed by the collapse of high-density peaks in a Gaussian random field. The radial mass distributions of the clusters are computed from the spherical accretion model using the adiabatic approximation following Ryden & Gunn. For a cluster of mass M(r,t), we compute the quantity ΔM M— at a cosmic time t and within a radius r, where ΔM is the accreted mass and M— is the average mass of the cluster during the previous relaxation time, which is computed individually for each cluster. For a real cluster in three dimensions we argue that ΔM M— should be strongly correlated with the low-order multipole ratios, Φintl/Φint0, of the potential due to matter interior to r. Because our analysis is restricted to considering only the low-order moments in the gravitational potential, the uncertainty associated with the survival time of substructure is substantially reduced in relation to previous theoretical studies of the 'frequency of substructure' in clusters.  We study the dependence of ΔM / M— on radius, mass, Ω0, λ0 = 1 − Ω0, redshift and relaxation time-scale in universes with cold dark matter (CDM) and power-law power spectra. The strongest dependence on Ω0 (λ0 = 0) occurs at z = 0, where ΔM / M— ∝ Ω1/20 for relaxation times ∼ 1–2 crossing times and only very weakly depends on mass and radius. The fractional accreted mass in CDM models with Ω0 + λ0 = 1 depends very weakly on Ω0 and has a magnitude similar to the Ω0 = 1 value. ΔM / M— evolves more rapidly with redshift in low-density universes and decreases significantly with radius for Ω0 = 1 models for z≳0.5. We discuss how to optimize constraints on Ω0 and λ0 using cluster morphologies.  It is shown that the expected correlation between ΔM / M— and Φintl / Φint0 extends to the two-dimensional multipole ratios Ψintm / Ψint0, which are well-defined observables of the cluster density distribution. We describe how N-body simulations can quantify this correlation and thus allow ΔM / M— to be measured directly from observations of cluster morphologies.


Objective To explore the risk factors of food poisoning and to propose reasonable proposal,prevention and control measures. Methods The cases were searched by developing case definitions.Then a matched case-control study was applied to analyze the suspicious meal and food,a canteen health survey was carried out,and collected samples for common enteric pathogens isolated culture and biochemical identification. Results Seventy-three cases were found and met case definition,including 57 suspected cases,16 probable cases; 2 were teachers and 71 were residential students.The incidence rate was 12.6%( 73 / 581).The main symptoms were stomachache 97. 3%( 71 / 73,nausea 31. 5%( 23 / 73),vomit 20. 5 %( 15 / 73). Some students reflected throat discomfort and burning sensation.The case-control study indicated that braised duck meat with potatoes was questionable high-risk food( OR = 4.2,95% CI: 1. 3- 14. 0). Conclusion This event is one case of food poisoning caused by solanine. School should enhance supervision and administration to canteen hygiene and raw materials to prevent food-poisoning event outbreaks.


This symposium is about Airports and Transport Aircraft and Interface problems. The best way to deal with interface problems is not to have them. My paper is about some of the interface problems which may arise concerning a Third London Airport if we do not plan them away beforehand. The majority of the points I shall be raising were identified during our work for the Commission on the Third London Airport and are fully set out in the Report on the Commission's Proceedings Papers and Proceedings Volume VIII Part 2, Section 2, to which you should turn for more detail.


This article studies the financial integration between the six main Latin American markets and the US market in a nonlinear framework. Using the threshold cointegration techniques of Hansen and Seo (2002), we show significant threshold stock market linkages between Mexico, Chile and the US. Thus, the dynamics of these markets depends simultaneously on local and global risk factors. More importantly, our results show an on-off threshold financial integration process that is activated only when the stock price adjustment exceeds some level.


Virtual characters have become ubiquitous in multimedia applications, appearing in numerous contexts such as characters in video games, avatars in immersive worlds, or tutors in multimedia learning environments. One type of virtual character is known as a pedagogical agent. Pedagogical agents are lifelike characters present in multimedia learning environments in order to facilitate learning. Pedagogical agents have been researched for nearly two decades, yet the effectiveness of including an agent in a learning environment remains debatable. The purpose of this study was to critically examine persisting issues in pedagogical agent research that examines the use of an agent to a nonagent condition. Our analysis of the literature highlights three persisting issues and provides promising future research directions.


The article deals with the urgent problem of the formation of educational milieu within the scope of modernization of education. By implementing the Humanistic strategy standards of new generation, the school setting gains a special emphasis as a coordination center of all individuals of the given educational milieu. In connection with the strong concern our government shows to the population health and environmental situation in the country, the introduction of the ecologo-valeological component which forms the individual aspiration for the healthy way of life and solicitous attitude to the environment is required. In this case the necessity in individual student itinerary tutor support may occur.


We demonstrate that VCSELs, like neurons in the brain, can successfully generate and communicate photonic spiking signals upon the arrival of external stimuli, yet at sub-nanosecond speeds (eight orders of magnitude faster). This offers great prospects for ultrafast photonic neuronal networks for non-traditional computing paradigms.


It is shown that the cosmological constant links the roots both of General Relativity and Newtonian gravity via the general function satisfying the Newton's theorem that the gravitating sphere acts as a point mass situated in its center. The quantitative evidence for this link is given via the correspondence of the current value of the cosmological constant with the value of the cosmological term in the modified Newtonian gravity to explain the dark matter in the galaxies. This approach reveals: (a) the nature of the dark matter as gravity's signature, (b) the common nature of the dark matter and of the cosmological constant (dark energy), (c) the dark matter as repulsive gravity and increasing with the squared distance ensures the observed higher mass-to-luminosity M/L ratio while moving from the scales of galaxies to galaxy clusters. The galactic halos via non-force-free interaction of the repulsive dark matter determine the galactic disks and the flat rotation curves. Among the consequences of such modified General Relativity is the natural link to AdS/CFT correspondence.


Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in electric vehicle application due to their high power density, high efficiency and very good performance at low speeds. Safety concerns in automotive industry require monitoring of the system to ensure a correct and safe operation of the electric vehicle. This paper presents three software methods for estimating the winding electrical resistance and detecting an open phase failure during torque control operation of a PMSM. All three methods can be applied online. Differences between these methods are reflected into computational effort and efficiency. The described methods were numerically simulated and tested in MATLAB. The first two methods monitor the electrical resistance of the stator windings which are estimated through an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Hence, the three phase model and the rotating reference frame model are both used as internal models for the proposed Kalman filters and the estimation performance is evaluated in each case. In order to detect an open phase fault, the gradient of the estimated electrical resistance is monitored. The third method which is independent of the motor parameters calculates the Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) coefficients of the fundamental frequency in the phase currents signals. Hence, due to the low computational effort and good performance, the Goertzel algorithm is proposed. Conclusions are drawn based on estimation accuracy, time response and complexity of each method.


Long-term and short-term slow slip events (SSEs) have occurred repeatedly in the Nankai Trough subduction zone, Japan. The SSEs may incrementally stress the adjacent parts of the locked megathrust zone. When SSEs occur, it is important to determine whether they are similar to previous repeated events, in order to judge whether the probability of occurrence of a large Nankai Trough earthquake is relatively high. In this study, we objectively detected short-term SSEs in the Nankai Trough subduction zone by correlating the GNSS daily and 6-hour coordinates with a ramp function with a one-week slope, excluding common noise and long-term trends. The spatiotemporal distribution of short-term SSEs detected was in good agreement with the occurrence of deep low-frequency earthquakes. In addition, assuming slip on a rectangular fault on a plate boundary, we estimated the moment magnitude of long-term SSEs from displacement data for two years and obtained results that were close to those of previous studies. Corresponding author: Akio Kobayashi Department of Seismology and Tsunami Research, Meteorological Research Institute 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com © 2021 by the Japan Meteorological Agency / Meteorological Research Institute A. Kobayashi Vol. 69 2 規模によっては検出できることが示された(Nishimura et al. 2013)。同じ現象を複数の観測項目で監視すること で観測結果の信頼度は向上すること、ひずみ計の観 測点は GNSS と比較して数が少なく観測点分布が一 様ではないことから、ひずみ計や傾斜計に加えて、 GNSS による検出も併用することが重要である。また、 Kobayashi(2017)による手法は長期的 SSE に伴う変位 の確からしさを示すもので、SSE の規模を推定するも のではない。長期的 SSE および短期的 SSE について、 GNSS データを用いて即時的に位置や規模を推定する ことを目標に、ここでは以下の手法を開発・検証した。 2 章では、Kobayashi(2017)の手法を応用し、注目 する現象の継続時間を短くすることにより、GNSS 日 値による短期的 SSE の客観的な検出を試みる。また、 東海地域のみより時間発展の短い現象の検出のために、 GNSS の 6 時間座標値(6 時間値)が 3 時間ごとに求め られている(小林 2007)。3 章では、この GNSS6 時間 値を用いた場合の短期的 SSE の検出について検討する。 4 章では、客観検出手法を応用した長期的 SSE の規模


The present invention relates to a measuring device for measuring the magnetic properties of the measuring apparatus around, which includes a sensing column and pre-magnetizing the auxiliary field device means comprises a magnetoresistive sensing at least one column extending in the column direction, sensing element, the sensing element can measure the magnetic properties therearound, wherein said sensing element has a width, length and height, wherein the height is less than the width and the length of the column direction of the transfer point the width or length direction of the sensing element, said auxiliary field in the region of the auxiliary magnetic field generating means of the sensor columns extending in the pre-magnetization device having a plurality of pre-magnetized magnet or pre-magnetized magnet, wherein the at least one pre-magnetized magnet and the sensing columns being spaced in a direction perpendicular to the column direction, and extending in a direction parallel to the column direction, wherein said magnetoresistive sensing element substantially only in the orthogonal coordinate system direction is called the measurement direction, or substantially only around the magnetic measurements, measured perpendicular to a plane defined by two directions orthogonal coordinate system determined by a sensor measuring surface is called the Resistance, if the pre-magnetization device by only one pre-magnetized magnets, the magnetic field characteristic of the pre-selected so they influence the magnetization of the magnet and the pre-generated magnetization of the magnet relative to the sensing arrangement of columns, as well as said auxiliary field generated by the auxiliary field means, such that the pre-magnetization field generating means and said bias magnetic field is formed auxiliary field is superimposed, the superimposed magnetic field in the sensing direction is directed to the column strength of the field component intensity field component is greater than the at least one position perpendicular to the column direction does not point to the height direction of the sensing element column, or, if the pre-magnetization device composed by a plurality of pre-magnetized magnet is selected so the pre- they affect the characteristics of the magnetic field generated by magnetization of the magnet and the pre-magnetization of the magnet relative to the sensing column arrangement, and the auxiliary field generated by means of an auxiliary field, such that the pre-magnetization field generated by means intensity field component and the auxiliary bias magnetic field formed field superposition, the superposition of the magnetic field pointing in the column direction of said at least one position sensing column Greater than perpendicular to the column direction does not point to the height direction of the field intensity component of the sensing element.


Experiments were conducted to observe the solidification sequence and final shrinkage void distribution more precisely than was previously possible for liquids frozen from above in a rigid, constant-volume container. Physical models have been developed to give quantitative predictions about the different regimes of void initiation and why voids ultimately cease to grow downward with the freezing front. In both models, natural convection is of paramount importance for understanding the heat flows within the solidification chamber. Agreement of the results with experimental data is encouraging. We feel that these results will eventually lead to better void management in phase-change materials for storing thermal energy.


The invention discloses a cavity/barrier detection walking stick for blind people, and belongs to the technical field of articles for daily use. The cavity/barrier detection walking stick comprises a handle and a stick body, wherein the lower part of the stick body is provided with an ultrasonic detection alarm device; the ultrasonic detection alarm device comprises a control processor, an ultrasonic sensor, a voice alarm module and a power supply circuit; the lower end of the stick body is connected with a substrate; the substrate is connected with at least three supporting legs which are supported on the ground; the ultrasonic sensor is arranged in front of the substrate by a preset angle; the control processor, the voice alarm module and the power supply circuit are arranged on a circuit board; the circuit board is fixedly arranged under the substrate. The control processor is used for computing and analyzing the road condition according to ultrasonic data transmitted by the ultrasonic sensor, then controlling the voice alarm module to work and reminding the blind people to steer away from the barrier and the cavity, so that the waling safety of the blind people is ensured.


In this report, the thermal performance of a hydrogen (H)-terminated diamond field-effect transistor (FET) is investigated using Raman spectroscopy and electrothermal device modeling. First, the thermal conductivity (κdiamond) of the active diamond channel was determined by measuring the temperature rise of transmission line measurement structures under various heat flux conditions using nanoparticle-assisted Raman thermometry. Using this approach, κdiamond was estimated to be 1860 W/m K with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1610 to 2120 W/m K. In conjunction with measured electrical output characteristics, this κ was used as an input parameter for an electrothermal device model of an H-terminated diamond FET. The simulated thermal response showed good agreement with surface temperature measurements acquired using nanoparticle-assisted Raman thermometry. These diamond-based structures were highly efficient at dissipating heat from the active device channel with measured device thermal resistances as low as ∼1 mm K/W. Using the calibrated electrothermal device model, the diamond FET was able to operate at a very high power density of 40 W/mm with a simulated temperature rise of ∼33 K. Finally, the thermal resistance of these lateral diamond FETs was compared to lateral transistor structures based on other ultrawide bandgap materials (Al0.70Ga0.30N, β-Ga2O3) and wide bandgap GaN for benchmarking. These results indicate that the thermal resistance of diamond-based lateral transistors can be up to ∼10× lower than GaN-based devices and ∼50× lower than other UWBG devices.


As the complexity of digital circuits increases, High-Level Synthesis (HLS) is becoming a valuable tool to increase productivity and design reuse by utilizing relevant Electronic Design Automation (EDA) flows, either for Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) or for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). Side Channel Analysis (SCA) and Fault Injection (FI) attacks are powerful hardware attacks, capable of greatly weakening the theoretical security levels of secure implementations. Furthermore, critical applications demand high levels of reliability including fault tolerance. The lack of security and reliability driven optimizations in HLS tools makes it necessary for the HLS-based designs to validate that the properties of the algorithm and the countermeasures have not been compromised due to the HLS flow. In this work, we provide results on the resilience evaluation of HLS-based FPGA implementations for the aforementioned threats. As a test case, we use multiple versions of an on-the-fly SBOX algorithm integrating different countermeasures (hiding and masking), written in C and implemented using Vivado HLS. We perform extensive evaluations for all the designs and their optimization scenarios. The results provide evidence of issues arising from HLS optimizations on the security and reliability of cryptographic implementations. Furthermore, the results put HLS algorithms to the test of designing secure accelerators and can lead to improving them towards the goal of increasing productivity in the domain of secure and reliable cryptographic implementations.


Present IoT services have been suggested as a specific thing-oriented service and they do not provide suitable IoT services on the space that ordinary users are living. Therefore, this paper proposes the user-centric thing environment service platform architecture that can provide the best appropriate services in the space which the user locates such as house, car and office. The user-centric thing environment service platform performs one associated process which is made by using persons, things, situations and services associated in accordance with the changing context of things.


Sustainable development lies at the heart of sustainable entrepreneurship. In the context of this view, the current paper explores the linkages among sustainable development, entrepreneurship, and innovation. Since Gujarat ranks among the five top Indian states in terms of renewable energy (RE) potential, we studied this sector using a case study approach. The study explores factors that affects the shift from conventional to sustainable entrepreneurship. These factors include major opportunities, as well as challenges for RE entrepreneurs. The findings suggest that RE entrepreneurs are driven by a mix of economic, personal commitment for the environment and social concerns. Institutional support in the form of skill development programmes, subsidies and easing entry level barriers to RE serve as opportunities for entrepreneurs. Technological expertise is another enabler for RE entrepreneurship. Major challenges identified in this study include inadequate access to formal and institutional finance, especially for start-ups, bureaucratic obstacles, limited number of government-accredited certification labs, and inconsistency in the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) guidelines. Knowledge barriers in the form of lack of information regarding usage, maintenance and utility of solar technologies are also challenges for this sector. Technological risks related to the adoption of RE technologies also puts them at a cost disadvantage in comparison to conventional technologies.


We consider the stability of robust optimization (RO) problems with respect to perturbations in their uncertainty sets. In particular, we focus on robust linear optimization problems, including tho...


This paper discusses the issue of hardware and software fault tolerance in distributed computing environments as well as issues related to efficiency and flexibility. A set of new fault tolerant architectures is presented, and a detailed dependability analysis of these architectures together with an efficiency evaluation is performed. The proposed architectural solutions are based on the assumption that the distributed supporting environments under consideration are highly varying and they would support multiple competing applications associated with different fault-tolerant architectures, thereby exhibiting dynamic service characteristics. Stress is placed on adaptation - the major goal of designs of these new architectures is to attempt the adaptive execution of redundant components so as to minimise hardware resource consumption and shorten the response time, as much as possible, for a required level of fault tolerance.


Robert Nozick is an important representative of liberalist,who is regarded as a successor of John Locke.In the comparative analysis of the theory of state of nature,this article tries to describe the logical structure of liberalist theory of origin of state,and points out the two different methods that they used in the construction of their theories.On the basis of analysis the substantial difference is shown from the ostensibly similar theory.


PURPOSE: A dynamic range enhanced mode decision method of a digital camera is provided to prevent the photography failure due to a restriction of a dynamic range using a fuzzy rule. CONSTITUTION: A feature value about a preview image is determined by the selected measuring standard(120). It is determined whether to expand the dynamic range using a fuzzy rule which is matched with a determined feature value(130). A step for determining whether to expand the dynamic range determines an auto exposure mode(141), a contrast enhancing mode(151), or an HDR(High Data Rate) image module(161) by the expansion of the dynamic range.


Various theorists and educators over the years have produced their preferred knowledge groupings or frameworks. Most well-known ones include those produced by Hirst (1974) and Phenix (1964). Curriculum frameworks were advocated by many educators in the 1990s as an important springboard and focus for teachers in terms of curriculum planning. It was argued that they would be a stimulus for evoking creative ideas and activities. Yet, they are also a major tool for control and direction. The use of curriculum frameworks were very evident in Australia in April 1991 when eight learning areas were created by the Australian Education Council (AEC) and planned for use in all states and territories. These eight learning areas, or key learning areas (KLA's) have largely endured in all states and territories even though the ambitious plans for national statements and profiles did not survive. This paper provides a stock-take on the current uses, benefits and problems in using KLA's as curriculum frameworks in Australia. There are many different contextual factors operating, which affect their use and effectiveness. Disjunctions can occur between major players at federal and state levels which provide different and often conflicting points of leverage. It is timely to analyse their impact on curriculum planning and implementation in Australia.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can complicate the clinical course in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Most cases have occurred in patients who are receiving systemic corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents, although cases have been reported in immunocompetent persons. This condition is more prevalent with ulcerative colitis and only rarely has been associated with Crohn disease. We report a case of CMV proctitis in a patient with Crohn disease who was corticosteroid-naive.


in length, was made over the lower end of the ulna. Both bones were explored with a gouge and found to be healthy. There was no disease of the epiphyses. The wounds were sutured and a dressing applied. An attempt was made to reduce the deformity and to keep the wrist and ulna in position by means of an anterior and a posterior straight splint. In four weeks the wounds were completely healed. The forearm and wrist were massaged and kept at rest on a splint in a sling. In six months the pain had entirely disappeared, but the deformity still *remained. The patient states that she finds the deformity no inconvenience, and that the wrist is as useful as it has ever been.


Objective To investigate the expressions of VEGF-C, p53, and C-erbB-2 and their relations to the metastasis and prognosis of primary breast carcinoma. Methods The expressions of VEGF-C, p53, and C-erbB-2 were determined in 90 tissue specimens of primary breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry technique .Results The positive expression rates of VEGF-C, p53, and C-erbB-2 were 57. 8%, 53. 3%, and 43.3% respectively.There was significant relationship between these expressions in tissues of breast carcinoma and breast benign lesions (P 0.05). The positive expression rates of VEGF-C, p53, and C-erbB-2 in cases with lymphatic metastasis were higher than those in cases without lymphatic metastasis (P 0.05). The VEGF-C,p53,and C-erbB-2 were detectable more frequently in stageⅢandⅣthan in stageⅠandⅡbreast carcinomas (P 0.05). Lymphatic metastasis rate in cases with abnormal expressions of two or three indicators (58.8%) was higher than that in cases without abnormal expression or with abnormal expression of one indica-tor (30.8 %) (P 0.01). Conclusion The high expressions of VEGF-C, p53, and C-erbB-2 in breast carcinoma were closely related to lymphatic metastasis.The VEGF-C,p53,and CerbB-2 may play promoting roles in lymphatic metastasis of breast carcinoma. Combined detection of the expressions of VEGF-C, p53, and C-erbB-2 is helpful to evaluate the biological characteristics and prognosis of breast carcinoma.


Information Technology can play a significant role in supporting and even driving sustainability strategies in an organization. However, many small and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) often separate their "Green IT" initiatives from existing business and IT strategy. The authors describe how one SME used IT service management (ITSM) to clarify and improve their IT services and to integrate sustainability into the IT function. Their case provides a detailed description of ITSM and also shows that ITSM offers a framework for SMEs to integrate sustainability into the IT operations.


Background:  To determine the efficacy and safety of optic nerve sheath fenestration, and to identify factors predicting visual field (VF) and visual acuity (VA) in patients with progressive pseudotumour cerebri syndrome.


Abstract Background Mortality from cryptococcal meningitis remains very high in Africa. In the Advancing Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment for Africa (ACTA) trial, 2 weeks of fluconazole (FLU) plus flucytosine (5FC) was as effective and less costly than 2 weeks of amphotericin-based regimens. However, many African settings treat with FLU monotherapy, and the cost-effectiveness of adding 5FC to FLU is uncertain. Methods The effectiveness and costs of FLU+5FC were taken from ACTA, which included a costing analysis at the Zambian site. The effectiveness of FLU was derived from cohorts of consecutively enrolled patients, managed in respects other than drug therapy, as were participants in ACTA. FLU costs were derived from costs of FLU+5FC in ACTA, by subtracting 5FC drug and monitoring costs. The cost-effectiveness of FLU+5FC vs FLU alone was measured as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). A probabilistic sensitivity analysis assessed uncertainties and a bivariate deterministic sensitivity analysis examined the impact of varying mortality and 5FC drug costs on the ICER. Results The mean costs per patient were US $847 (95% confidence interval [CI] $776–927) for FLU+5FC, and US $628 (95% CI $557–709) for FLU. The 10-week mortality rate was 35.1% (95% CI 28.9–41.7%) with FLU+5FC and 53.8% (95% CI 43.1–64.1%) with FLU. At the current 5FC price of US $1.30 per 500 mg tablet, the ICER of 5FC+FLU versus FLU alone was US $65 (95% CI $28–208) per life-year saved. Reducing the 5FC cost to between US $0.80 and US $0.40 per 500 mg resulted in an ICER between US $44 and US $28 per life-year saved. Conclusions The addition of 5FC to FLU is cost-effective for cryptococcal meningitis treatment in Africa and, if made available widely, could substantially reduce mortality rates among human immunodeficiency virus–infected persons in Africa.


[Objective] To discuss the age and seasonal characteristics of diarrhea rotavirus infection in Jinhua City. [ Method] 2011 January to 2012 December co llection of children diarrhea stool specimens of 11702copies, 11702 stool specimens of children suffering from diarrhea were collected from January 2011 to December 2012. Group A rotavirus in stool were detected with im- mune colloidal gold assay and the results were analyzed. [ Result] In 11702 specimens, 3228 were rotavirus po sitive and the po sitive rate was 27. 6%. 6 months ~ 2 years old was the risk age factor for infants rotavirus infection. The positive rate in those patients was 37. 0%. Rotavirus diarrhea incidence season was from October to December each year. [ Conclusion] The main pathogen of infantile diarrhea is rotavirus. 6 months to 2 years old children are susceptible population. autumn and winter were the sickly season.


Decision Support System (DSS) is a computer-based system that can be used to help someone improve their performance in decision-making. By using the DSS , are expected to help decision-making in solving problems to determine the majors at SMK YMIK Joglo Jakarta Barat. In this research will be developed using the method of a decision support system that can solve the problem of Fuzzy Multiple Atrribute Decision Making (FMADM) which is proven to have a very effective performance against data whose value is the form of a specific value within the reach range . DSS method used in this research is the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). This method determines the value weights for each attribute, followed by a process of rankings . So will result in the best alternative of many alternative calculation which is quite appropriate . The alternative a new prospective student there in SMK YMIK Joglo Jakarta Barat which will be selected based on the criteria specified .


With exploding populations, sprawling development, and an endless network of infrastructure personifying our insatiable dependency on the car our future generations may be forced to live in a very different world than the one we all know. The preservation of lands and the creation of open-space aims to remedy this looming possibility. For our community service project we worked with the Barnegat Bay Partnership and a neighborhood group to organize and carry out a clean-up of the Brown Property. The Brown Property is a 41 acre property that was purchased through the New Jersey Department of Environmental protections Green Acres Program by Toms River Township for preservation and public use purposes. The site is located on the Toms River and is the last undeveloped tract on the lower section of the river.


Objective:To probe into the curative effect of thrombin injected into stomach to treat neonates with stomach mucous membrane bleeding after suffocation.Methods: 62 infants with stomach mucous membrane bleeding after suffocation were divided at random into a control group of 28 and a treatment group of 34 with 500 u thrombin dissolved into 3~5 mL physiological saline injected into the stomach after washing the stomach in routine,once very 8 hours until the haemorrhage stopped. Results: The total curative effect of the treatment group was 33/34((97.1%),) while that of the control group was 21/28(75%),which had significant differences(P0.05).Conclusions: Thrombin injected into the stomach has a good curative effect in the treatment of neonates with acute bleeding in mucous membrane of stomach after suffocating.


A well-known component of RF systems is the circulator, a three-port device that allows signals to flow in one direction while inhibiting propagation in the reverse direction. Circulators play an important role in protecting sensitive RF devices from reflections and are used to isolate the transmitter from the receiver chains in monostatic radar architectures. Circulators are also fascinating on their own, providing a textbook example of how reciprocal symmetry is broken. This symmetry-the invariance of device transmission under the exchange of sources and detectors-is a very common property that applies to most passive microwave devices. For example, antenna gain does not change whether the antenna is used as a transmitter or a receiver. Likewise, attenuator loss does not depend on the attenuator's orientation.


Estimation of spudcan penetration resistance is an important design step to guarantee the stability and functionality of offshore mobile jack-up units. Dependence on in situ penetrometer test data to evaluate the stratigraphy and resulting spudcan capacity profile has been increased. However, this becomes difficult in intermediate soil types in which the degree of consolidation during penetration falls between the extremes of fully drained or fully undrained. In this study, a penetrometer-based methodology utilizing results from cone and T-bar penetration tests is developed. Three main steps are involved, comprising estimation of the relative penetration resistance of spudcan and cone or T-bar penetrometer under fully drained and fully undrained conditions, and then quantifying the effect of the different normalized penetration rates for spudcan and penetrometer. Values of the various correlation parameters for the proposed model are evaluated. The validity and accuracy of the proposed methodology are evaluated through case studies from centrifuge tests in clay and a field example of spudcan installation in interbedded carbonate silts and sands. The comparisons confirm the potential of the proposed methodology for interpretation of penetrometer tests and application to the prediction of foundation performance.


Partially-functional broadside tests attempt to maintain close-to-functional operation conditions by using scan-in states that are referred to as partially-reachable. An earlier procedure starts from the fully-unspecified state, and uses fully-specified primary input vectors to compute partially-specified states that are partially-reachable. The procedure is divergent in that the number of states it considers increases with every iteration. This paper describes a new, convergent procedure that starts from a subset of reachable states, and uses the fully-unspecified primary input vector to compute partially-reachable states. The procedure typically converges without any additional constraints. By starting from reachable states, the convergent procedure captures functional constraints that cannot be obtained by the divergent procedure starting from the fully-unspecified state. Experimental results for benchmark circuits demonstrate the implications on the generation of partially-functional broadside tests.


It is commonly agreed that most democratic orders rest their foundations on three basic principles: people's sovereignty, liberty and equality. This means that the most essential condition for all democratic forms of governance is the "freely expressed will of the people whereby all individuals are to be treated as equals".


Given the renewed interest in alternative monetary systems, it is conceivable that some may reconsider Hayek's proposal for competing monies. I attempt to show that Hayek underestimates the importance of network effects. As a result, his confidence in believing the mere admission of competing private currencies will spontaneously generate a more stable monetary system is unfounded. After reviewing Hayek's proposal and detailing the historical significance of network effects, I draw on the modern theoretical literature concerning currency acceptance to offer a general solution for entrepreneurs attempting to provide the type of monies Hayek recommends. JEL Codes: B53, E42


Aiming to the difficulties resulted by implicit performance function and the limitations of traditional methods for reliability analysis of underground cavern, a new method based on Gaussian process classification (GPC), which is a newly developed machine learning method, is proposed for structural reliability analysis of underground cavern. The implicit performance function of underground cavern is reconstructed by GPC model based on small amount of training datasets which are built by finite element numerical simulation. Thus, the implicit performance function is approximated by GPC model with explicit formulation. Then, Monte Carlo Simulation method is applied to get the failure probability and reliability index of underground cavern using the approximated performance function by GPC. The study results show that the method can get accurate and computationally efficient results for reliability analysis of underground cavern.


Plant development is orchestrated by transcription factors whose expression has become observable in living plants through the use of fluorescence microscopy. However, the exact quantification of expression levels is still not solved and most analysis is only performed through visual inspection. With the objective of automating the quantification of cell nuclei fluorescence we present a new approach to detect cell nuclei in 3D fluorescence confocal microscopy, based on the use of the sliding band convergence filter (SBF). The SBF filter detects cell nuclei and estimate their shape with high accuracy in each 2D image plane. For 3D detection, individual 2D shapes are joined into 3D estimates and then corrected based on the analysis of the fluorescence profile. The final nuclei detection's precision/recall are of 0.779/0.803 respectively, and the average Dice's coefficient of 0.773.


New two‐dimensional ω, and ω1, ω2 semi‐selective homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR experiments recorded with pulsed field gradients (PFGs) were designed and tested on two peptides. The use of PFGs improves dramatically the performance of the semi‐soft experiments. The complete absence of t1 modulations allows the observation of cross peaks which are buried in the noise. The same principle as described here can also be implemented for recording three‐dimensional and four‐dimensional semi‐soft experiments.


Waveform character Searching is one of the important means for a digital oscilloscope to capture and analyze signals of interest, and also marks the waveform analysis capability of the digital oscilloscope. Its performance determines the design level of the oscilloscope directly. At present, domestic digital oscilloscopes generally show low efficiency in waveform character Searching. For this reason, a research on the FPGA+DSP-based waveform character Searching hardware co-processing technology was conducted. Details on the operating principle and design method were given, and comparative analyses were performed on software and hardware-based Searching efficiency. The results of simulation and testing indicate that this method can effectively improve the real-time processing capability of an oscilloscope.


Objective:To study the nursing of the olds undergoing artifitial total hip arthroplasty.Method: 52 cases were performed mental care and basic nursing according to the features of patients before operation,and prevent syndrome nursing,basic nursing after operation.Result: All of patients have no syndrome.Conclusion: Synthetical nursing can obviously reduce postoperative syndrome of artifitial total hip arthroplasty and improve the effect of the operation.


(57) Abstract: the present invention is synthesized, immune but immunogenic but relates amyloid β homologous peptide is non-amyloidogenic, with conjugates of the singly or immunostimulatory molecules, immune against amyloid β peptides and amyloid deposits It may be used in the immunizing composition for inducing a response.