Introduction: Unique weather patterns on March 16th, 2017 led to 3 times the number of emergency department (ED) visits due to fall-injuries (FIs) on snow or ice compared to winter averages. The objective of the study was to identify weather-dependent differences in demographics, length-of-stay (LOS) predictors, and volume of ED presentations for winter FIs. We placed emphasis on Chinook phenomenon (rapid freeze-thaw cycles) common east of the Rocky Mountains. Methods: Patients with extremity injury due to fall on snow or ice were identified from the Alberta Health Services ED database from November 1st 2013 to March 31st 2018. We conducted regressions, chi-square analysis, bivariate correlations, and t-tests to identify differences in post-Chinook, high-volume, and regular winter patient cohorts. High-volume dates included any date with more than 25 FI presentations, representing a 400% increase from the daily average of 5. Results: We identified 3478 patients, with females more likely to present, X2 (1, N = 3480) = 443.266, p < 0.001, making up 67.8% of the total cohort. Mean age was 48.2 (SD ± 19.9) in all patients, and 48.4 (SD ± 20.0) among the post-Chinook cohort. Looking at ED LOS in the full patient cohort, age over 65 predicted longer ED LOS (mean = 4.23, SD ± 3.06) compared to younger age groups (mean = 3.42, SD ± 2.39), t(3478) = -7.37, p < 0.001]. Patients with fractures to the wrist or hand had shorter ED LOS (mean = 2.50, SD ± 5.83) than those without (mean = 10.95, SD ± 92.54), t(3478) = 2.64, p = 0.008. Among admitted patients, results were similar, with elevated inpatient LOS for patients over the age of 65 (mean = 171.71, SD ± 508.35) compared to younger patients (mean = 45.45, SD ± 39.53), t(3478) = −3.41, p = 0.001. Patients with radius fractures had shorter LOS (mean = 61.87, SD ± 210.37) compared to those without (mean = 288.83, SD ± 632.29), t(3478) = 3.87, p < 0.001. With respect to volume and weather, night-freezing events (below-freezing temperatures the preceding day, followed by freezing temperatures prior to 0600 hours the following day) were more likely to result in high FI volume (OR, 8.08; 95% CI, 5.14, 12.07; p < 0.001) as were recent Chinook events (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.81; p = 0.017). Conclusion: Chinook-induced meteorological mass-casualty events can be severe, but do not target populations distinct from winter averages. They can be predicted based on forecasted weather variations and should be considered for population-level alerts utilizing cellular technology.


12 2 2 Abstract: Enzymes are act as biocatalyst for a wide variety of chemical reactions. Amylases are extracellular enzymes which can hydrolyse starch to glucose units. Microbial amylases have immense applications in various fields in world market because of their wide application. In the present study, Aspergillus flavus fungal species isolated from solid waste dump site soil was used for amylase production to observed the suitable incubation period (3 day, 5 day, 7 day, 9 day, 11 day and 13 day) and analysed the effect of shaking and rd th th th th th static condition for amylase production. The result indicate that after 11 day of incubation at pH 5.5, th temperature 27 ±1°C in shaking condition Maximum 47.002 ±1.01 U/ml of -Amylase was produced and in static 27.105 ±0.80 U/ml of -Amylase was produced. Compared to both, in shaking condition production of amylase was maximum. It was clearly observed that incubation period and condition play an important role in the production of amylase enzyme.


High purity silicon carbide (SiC) materials are of interest from high-power high temperature applications across recent photo-voltaic cells to hosting solid state quantum bits, where the tight control of electrically, optically, and magnetically active point defects is pivotal in these areas. 4H- and 6H-SiC substrates are grown at high temperatures and the incorporation of transition metal impurities is common. In unintentionally Nb-doped 4H- and 6H-SiC substrates grown by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition, an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum with C1h symmetry and a clear hyperfine (hf) structure consisting of ten equal intensity hf lines was observed. The hf structure can be identified as due to the interaction between the electron spin S = 1/2 and the nuclear spin of 93Nb. Additional hf structures due to the interaction with three Si neighbors were also detected. In 4H-SiC, a considerable spin density of ∼37.4% was found on three Si neighbors, suggesting the defect to be a complex...


The cortical projection field of the pulvinar in primates has usually been ascribed to the posterior parts of the parietal and temporal lobes, but the relatively topographical relationship between various parts of the cortex and pulvinar has not been satisfactorily determined. Experimental results based on secondary cell change in the pulvinar of monkeys following cortical ablation are not consistent. Le Gros Clark and his co-workers ( '35, '36, '37) reported that the main part of the pulvinar element pB projects entirely to the lips of the posterior part of the Sylviari fissure (Polyak's posterior Sylvian receptive region, '32), and that another element, pd, projects to the peri-parastriate area. These authors held that a zone of cortex between these two separate areas is devoid of any thalamic connections and that several parts of the pulvinar, the nucleus pa and the caudal pole, do not appear to be affected by lesions in the parieto-temporal region. Walker ( '38), on the other hand, favoured a much wider distribution of pulvinar projection fibers. He concluded that the medial and posterior part of the pulvinar projects to the anterior lip of the superior temporal sulcus; that the medial and anterior


Background: Hypertension in young adults is a specific disease with its discrete pathophysiology compared to other subset of hypertension. Prevalence of diabetes is higher in young adult hypertensive patients. Previous research reported that the prevalence of diabetes in young adult hypertensive patient is 11.1%. Both hypertension and diabetes are independent cardiovascular risks which contribute to major cardiovascular events. Objectives: To review the prevalence of diabetes & pre-diabetes in young adult hypertensive patients and its association with major cardiovascular events. Methods: Data of young adult hypertensive patients at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita from 2011 until 2013 were reviewed and studied retrospectively. Major cardiovascular events in this research consists of myocardial infarct, stroke, and coronary revascularization procedure (either PCI or CABG). Results: From 194 young adult hypertensive patients, complete diagnostic workup of diabetes, including oral glucose tolerance test, is done only to 108 patients. The prevalence of diabetes in young adult hypertensive patients is 41.7%, while the prevalence of pre-diabetes is 24.1%. Among 108 patients, major cardiovascular events were found 70.4% in diabetes and pre-diabetes patients compared to only 48.6% in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.26). Conclusion: This study emphasize the high prevalence of diabeticstate in young adult hypertensive patients and that complete diagnostic assessment of diabetes should be done in all young adult hypertensive patients. In the other hand, with significant result from statistical analysis, diabetes & pre-diabetes prevalence is higher in young adult hypertensive patients which presented with major cardiovascular outcome compared to those who did not.


Limbungan Baru is the most populous Sub-District in Rumbai Pesisir District. The high level of density population in Limbungan Baru Sub-District is as one potential contributor of CO2 emissions. The calculation of total energy consumption that generate CO2 emmision was called carbon footprint. The CO2 emissions from the household activities are divided into primary and secondary CO2 emissions. The primary CO2 emissions is resulting from fuel used in households, while the secondary CO2 emissions is resulting from the used of electric household equipment. CO2 emmision were calculated using IPCC method (1996). Total CO2 emissions from household activities in Limbungan Baru Sub-District is 2.194,614 tons CO2/month where primary CO2 emissions amounted to 185,535 tons CO2/month, and secondary CO2 emissions amounted to 2.009,089 tons CO2/month.


PURPOSE: To assess visual outcomes and patient satisfaction following implantation of the Sulcoflex® multifocal intraocular lens (IOL; Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd., Hove, UK) in a procedure combining capsular bag lens implantation with sulcus placement of the Sulcoflex® IOL. SETTING: Instituto de Oftalmologia de Assis, Assis, SP, Brazil. METHODS: Cataract patients > 45 years, with hyperopia ≥ 1.50 D and potential acuity measurement ≥ 20/30 undergoing Sulcoflex® multifocal IOL implantation were included. Monocular and binocular uncorrected near and distance visual acuity (VA) were evaluated at five days, one month, and three months postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity and refraction were measured in a subset of patients three months postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was assessed one month postoperative. RESULTS: This non-consecutive case series comprised 25 eyes of 13 patients. Eleven eyes (52%) had pre-existing retinal pathologies. Monocular distance VA improved significantly at all follow-up visits. At final follow-up, 88% of eyes had monocular uncorrected distance VA (UDVA) of at least 20/25 and 24% had monocular UDVA of 20/20. All eyes had binocular UDVA of at least 20/25, and 58% had binocular UDVA of 20/20. Monocular uncorrected near vision (UNVA) was J1 in 68% of eyes and all patients had binocular UNVA of J1. Of all eyes studied, 92% and 58% achieved a spherical equivalent within 1 D and −0.5 D, respectively. The majority of patients reported satisfaction with visual outcomes. Complications included a postoperative intraocular pressure spike in four eyes. CONCLUSION: The Sulcoflex® multifocal IOL improves near and distance VA in cataract patients with retinal abnormalities and good VA potential.


Mice received each day for four weeks 150 r, with one of the posterior paws being protected. The number of leukocytes decreases during the first week, but it is then stabilized. The functional activity of the bone marrow of nonirradiated regions, at first superior to the normal, later becomes less than normal. This phenomenon is probably connected to constant migrations of cell roots of irradiated tissues to nonirradiated tissues and vice versa. (tr-auth)


The problem of the historical development of mental processes, the personality, etc., remains one of the most important in contemporary psychology. Hence, studies to repeat experiments that were done several decades ago to determine which features have remained unaltered and which have undergone certain changes during these years could be of some value in this regard.


Th e research aim s to know the difference between credit risk in The Private National Bank and Foreign Bank terms of the value of the Loan to Deposit Ratio ( LDR), Non Performing Loan( NPL), Capital Adequacy Ratio ( CAR) and Bank Size. This research are explanatory research and used a descriptive comparative method . The period of study are 2007-2011 year . This study includes research in the study population because as all elements of the population are studied . The data used The Private National Bank and Foreign Bank published on the Bank Indonesia and the official website of the bank which is the object of research . The different test performed using an independent sample t test and Mann - Whitney U test .The results for each ratio analysis shows that there is no difference in the level of credit risk in terms of the value of LDR , NPL and Bank Size between The National Private Banks and Foreign Banks in Indonesia . However, in terms of the CAR indicates that the credit risk between the National Private Banks and Foreign Banks are significantly different. Keywords : Credit Risk Management, Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non Performing Loan(NPL), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Bank Size, The Private National Bank (BUSN), Foreign Banks.


Over the years we have observed that many Chemical Engineering and Engineering Chemistry students when they come into the fourth year one term Capstone Process Design course claim that most of the material is completely new to them. Making allowance for the expectations that students would claim this in any case, we believe that there are many advantages to trying to integrate preceding courses as much as possible with the fourth year design course. What we are proposing is to develop a framework process model using a simulator such as PRO/II, UniSim, or ASPEN that would serve as a thread to link assignments in preceding courses such as heat and mass transfer. This model would then be used as the basis for the Capstone design exercise. Although there are several potential advantages to this such as reducing duplication of effort and having a more cohesive design concept throughout the three years, there are bound to be teething problems. One potential problem is a common understanding of design. There are many concepts as to what Chemical Process Design consists of, which reflects the background and experience of the instructors. What we hope to do is to keep in mind the definitions of Science, Engineering and Technology as stated at the Inaugural CDEN conference by Dr. Tom Brzustowski P.Eng., the president of NSERC. This talk clearly pointed out the difference between Research and Development as well as Design. These are a continuum, Research, particularly speculative research is the least expensive and to a large degree the easiest of the three since there is not often the pressure to achieve a specific outcome. Development on the other hand which is primarily an engineering activity is considerably more expensive and usually has a fixed deliverable. Development is a team effort. There is a direct link between development and design since design cannot take place without the engineering development phase. The design and implementation of an artifact is the most expensive item by far and requires inputs from Economics, Environmental Health and Safety as well as knowledge of the market. We are also aware of increasing demands on our engineering graduates from the two perspectives, the increasing competition on a global basis and the expanding core body of knowledge expectations


Developing automatic methods to detect Parkinson's disease (PD) from speech has attracted increasing interest as these techniques can potentially be used in telemonitoring health applications. This article studies the utilization of voice source information in the detection of PD using two classifier architectures: traditional pipeline approach and end-to-end approach. The former consists of feature extraction and classifier stages. In feature extraction, the baseline acoustic features—consisting of articulation, phonation, and prosody features—were computed and voice source information was extracted using glottal features that were estimated by iterative adaptive inverse filtering (IAIF) and quasi-closed phase (QCP) glottal inverse filtering methods. Support vector machine classifiers were developed utilizing the baseline and glottal features extracted from every speech utterance and the corresponding healthy/PD labels. The end-to-end approach uses deep learning models which were trained using both raw speech waveforms and raw voice source waveforms. In the latter, two glottal inverse filtering methods (IAIF and QCP) and zero frequency filtering method were utilized. The deep learning architecture consists of a combination of convolutional layers followed by a multilayer perceptron. Experiments were performed using PC-GITA speech database. From the traditional pipeline systems, the highest classification accuracy (67.93%) was given by combination of baseline and QCP-based glottal features. From the end-to-end-systems, the highest accuracy (68.56%) was given by the system trained using QCP-based glottal flow signals. Even though classification accuracies were modest for all systems, the study is encouraging as the extraction of voice source information was found to be most effective in both approaches.


The strict efficiency of set-valued optimization is considered in real normed spaces.By applying the properties of higher-order derivatives,higher-order type necessary optimality condition is established for a set-valued optimization problem whose constraint condition is determined by a fixed set to attain its strictly maximal efficient solution.When objective function is concave,with the properties of strictly maximal efficient point,sufficient optimality condition is also derived.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a separation membrane that can cope with the treatments of treated waters such as industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater containing surfactants and oils that can not be coped with marketed RO membranes and NF membranes. SOLUTION: An ionic polymer 3 is pressure bonded on a membrane surface 4c of a primary side in a UF membrane 4 having at least either one property of acid-resistance and alkali resistance to strippably form a separation active layer 2 having an ionic exclusion performance, and a separation membrane 2A that can perform ion exclusion on the treated solution containing at least one of the oil, a surfactant and a microorganism is obtained. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


Every year, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) offers grants to recognise the best overall abstracts of the 14 ERS Assemblies submitted for the ERS International Congress, covering all respiratory areas. The authors of the best abstract (i.e. the highest average score of abstract reviewers and only those who have not applied or were not eligible for a sponsored award) were invited to write a short summary about their virtual Congress experience and view on the evolving field of research in light of their respective Assembly. This article provides an overview of some of the Congress highlights and gives the stage to the promising best-abstract awardees as they are the future of the ERS. This article provides an overview of some of the highlights of the @EuroRespSoc Congress 2021 from the perspective of the best-abstract awardees of the ERS Assemblies @EarlyCareerERS @OrphaLung https://bit.ly/3JCjHYS


A zero‐current electrometer method is presented. It allows static charge measurements with a precision comparable to that of classical electrometers and current measurements without any current flow in the external circuit. The advantages of this technique are pointed out. The apparatus is used in the investigation of a new charge‐decay process due to the interaction of the electret with molecules of a solvent. The observed effects are interpreted in terms of hopping conduction stimulated by chain motion.


[assignment] Thereby obtaining a thin semiconductor device capable of high density mounting. [Solution] The IC package 17 is mounted on both sides of the substrate 11 with respect to the respective openings 12 so that the package bond 18 is half-accommodated in the opening 12 provided in the substrate 11. [


Ewing sarcoma is malignant round cell tumor, which is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor in pediatric patients. It presents with pain and swelling but some patients may present with signs and symptoms due to metastasis. The imaging modality preferred for diagnosis is conventional radiography. We report a four-year old female child from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, who had a locally advanced left tibial Ewing sarcoma with skull, scapula, pleura and pulmonary metastasis. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of Ewing sarcoma to be reported from Ethiopia.


Various peroxo salts were evaluated as possible bleaching agents for paper grade pulps. For economical as well as for ecological reasons the bleaching agents should be recyclable, possibly by electrolysis. Among the eligible candidates peroxodisulphates, peroxocarbonates and peroxoborates, only the latter ones proved to be useful. Sodium and potassium peroxoborates were compared with hydrogen peroxide with regard to delignification and bleaching efficiency. Especially the potassium salt showed to be least aggressive towards the pulp fibers. Thus the mechanical strength properties of pulps bleached by peroxoborates are better than comparable ones bleached by hydrogen peroxide. However the peroxoborate bleaching reaction proceeds more slowly because in this case the proper bleaching action is preceded by the formation of hydrogen peroxide. By increasing the reaction temperature the necessary reaction times can be reduced without any abatement of fiber properties.


SPINOZA IS CERTAINLY ONE of the most original and anomalous ~ thinkers the world has ever seen. H e does not be long to any established school and represents a b reak with all t radit ions in philosophy. This does not mean, o f course, that he had no sources o f inspirat ion no r that he had noth ing in c o m m o n with his fo re runne r s . Somet imes he h imsel f stresses the newness of his position. In the Korte Verhandel ing he reminds his readers o f the indubitable fact that a proposi t ion he de fends ~ will a p p e a r " ra the r scandalous" [niet wynig aanstotelyk] to not a few people ( I I /XVII I /1 ) . Concern ing favor and grat i tude he says: "I know, o f course, that all m e n j u d g e these passions to be good. But notwiths tanding that, I da r e say they can have no place in a perfect man" (KV I I / X I I I / 1). Likewise he mainta ins "against the whole world" (KV II/X/2) that r emorse and r epen tance cannot be beneficial. Similar expressions are found th roughout the treatise, which is concluded by Spinoza with the warning to his fr iends: "Do not be surpr ised at these novelties [nieuwigheeden], for you know very well that it is no obstacle to the t ru th o f a thing that it is not accepted by many" (KV II /XXVI/1 o). Runn ing t h r o u g h his writings one finds not a few indications o f his negative re la t ionship to earl ier phi losophers . T h e doctr ines of the Platonists and the Aristotelians are dismissed as worthless and even dangerous "specula-


With the regard of outsourcing data to the cloud,it is protect the confidentiality of data and support the cloud server to simply achieve the data at the same time. Under such strains, reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDH-EI) invites more and more scientists' attention. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for RDH-EI based on reversible image transformation (RIT). Different from all earlier encryption-based frameworks, in which the cipher texts may interest the system of the snooping cloud, RIT-based framework allows the user to transform the content of new image into the content of another object image with the same size. The transformed image, which looks like the target image, is used as the "encrypted image," and is outsourced to the cloud. Therefore, the cloud server can simplyembed data into the "encrypted image" by any RDH methods for plaintext images. And thus a client-free scheme for RDH-EI can be recognized, that is, the data-embedding development executed by the cloud server is irrelevant with the processes of both encryption and decryption.


When spring is coiled,the layout of coiling craft is a very tedious job.From the choice and layout of coiling cutting tools and the cams to program's achievement are manually operated.The application of expert system in drawing up spring coiling craft was studied.Automatic generating system of spring coiling craft layout was developed based on expert system.The standardized management of spring coiling craft is convenient,and the spring production efficiency is enhanced using the new method.


A 21-year-old man was admitted after fainting abruptly while playing basketball. On finding the patient in cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, first responders performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation and applied shock to restore sinus rhythm. The patient had no family history of cardiac abnormalities or sudden death; when younger, he had noted that overexertion during sports caused mild chest pain that was relieved with rest. An electrocardiogram showed anterior-wall infarction, and the patient's cardiac troponin T level was elevated. Results of left-sided cardiac catheterization revealed a dominant, massively dilated right coronary artery (RCA) from which collateral vessels arose and supplied the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary artery territories (Fig. 1). No left coronary artery (LCA) was apparent on the angiogram; however, a computed tomogram showed a smalldiameter LCA originating from the pulmonary artery (PA), that is, ALCAPA. An echocardiogram revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 43%. To correct the anomaly, we performed uncomplicated surgical reimplantation of the LCA from the PA to the aorta (Fig. 2). Two months later, the patient had resumed normal physical activities.


In recent periods, individual security is becoming increasingly endangered. Several methods of safeguarding person are private, economic or health data are developed by entities, fabrications, and managements. Thus the patient data are generally produced in the place of the health images for observing. Thus, it is effortlessly available to each one. The patient data obviously shown may be interrupted by other parties during automated broadcast. For analysis purposes, these health informatics desires to be voluntarily nearby to the physicians. Unique feature of this scheme is to make a revision on the Digital Imaging and Communications in medicine (DICOM) standard, which specifies the form that all numerical health images will be well-suited. Several private data, such as patient's name, date of birth, gender, and patient identity with details about where the image was taken. So it is essential from the patient's idea of sight is to keep the above evidence in private. Therefore the security of medical images can be achieved through confidentiality, availability, reliability and authentication.


Abstract : Remote control circuit breakers are trip-free thermal devices that combine the functions of a conventional circuit breaker and relay into one device. The remote control circuit breakers are used in the AH-64A Apache Attack Helicopter to prevent electric current overloads to the Hellfire Missile System. The Office of the Assistant Inspector General for Auditing performed a technical evaluation of the breakers based on a Hotline allegation that the breakers were defective in design and workmanship. The evaluation objective was to conduct a technical assessment to determine the adequacy of the design, quality control, and acceptance of the remote control circuit breakers. Specifically, we evaluated and tested remote control circuit breakers for design and quality to ensure that the United States Army Aviation and Troop Command (now Army Aviation and Missile Command), McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems, and Texas Instruments complied with manufacturing and quality processes.


In the current outlook for economic growth, they are designed an oil refinery and various petrochemical industries to be installed in the Industrial Port Complex of Suape, south coast of Pernambuco. This exploratory study analyzed the discourse of print media on the implementation of the refinery leaning over journalistic texts selected from the electronic collection of the Jornal do Commercio published in a period of three years. The news was systematized and analyzed using guiding concepts of Critical Discourse Analysis, as of theories that support the perspective of health and the environment in the sustainable development process. The materials found are illustrative of one-way communication that plays the interests of businessmen and allies in the implementation process of the Oil Refinery is perceived as beneficial economic development, while issues relating to the expropriation of communities, new settings and environmental conflicts, impacts on culture, health, the environment and people's lives are left aside. It was identified that there is an ideology that sustains the lack of concern for social and environmental impacts and demonstrates that the population is alienated from their own interests .


This issue of Aging & Mental Health includes six papers relating to the emotional well-being of family carers (Croog et al., 2006; Droes et al., 2006; Gilliam & Steffen, 2006; Martin et al., 2006; ...


Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have been the subjects of controversy: from diagnosis and cause to therapies. The disagreement with regard to the diagnosis relates to various case criteria (ME, CFS, ME/CFS, chronic fatigue) and the assessment of symptoms. While the case criteria for ME and CFS define two distinct, partially overlapping clinical entities, many researchers conceive ME and CFS to be 'similar disorders'. Symptoms are almost always assessed by subjective measures, sensitive to bias and other effects and incomparable between patients and over time. For that reason objective tests should be employed to assess the severity of the symptoms. The controversy relating to the cause and treatment of ME and CFS originates from two contradictory paradigms: the (bio) psychosocial model(s) for 'incapacitating fatigue' and the biomedical explanatory model(s) for ME/CFS. The (bio) psychosocial models for 'CFS', biased towards psychological explanations, are invalid and lack to explain the organic abnormalities in 'ME/CFS'. CBT and GET have shown to have no objective effect at all. Moreover CBT and GET are potentially harmful. Biomedical researchers have observed various immunological, neurological, mitochondrial and other abnormalities, both in rest as in response to exertion. A clear-cut etiologic model is still lacking. Some studies suggest that rituximab and rintalomid are effective in a (large) CFS patient subgroup. Looking at the evidence, it is time to leave the (bio)psychosocial framework(s) behind us and to investigate the abnormalities observed in 'ME/CFS' in ME patients and (symptomatic) CFS patient subgroups, in order to develop effective therapies.


Crowdfunding is an innovative process for funding diverse and multiple new ventures, allowing entrepreneurially skilled individuals to request funding from the public or crowd, which in return will get the product. Meanwhile, as a problem is the awareness and understanding of public about this crowdfunding is still lack as well it has been debated for its legality from Sharia' compliance. Next, the question arises about the elements that follow the conventional practice. Due to lack understand about significant of crowdfunding practice in the socioeconomic. The primary objective was to determine the crowdfunding
concept in Islam and to analyze the socio-economic development of crowdfunding in society. In this study a number of crowdfunding as a model to a number of case studies. It uses methods related to the deductive and inductive. Deductive to compare the practice of
crowdfunding. Meanwhile, the inductive to give some of the additional strength to the research. At the end of this research, this is the best practice to everyone to generate
economic Malaysia. In conclusion, it will hope this research will give benefit to society in Malaysia for the betterment of socioeconomic and education.


The paper introduce a W-band folded waveguide traveling wave tube(TWT), the test result show the impulse wave output power is above 100W within 2GHz bandwidth from 94GHz to 96GHz. The peak power is 120W and the maximum gain is 41.6dB. The electron efficiency is more than 3.7 % and the total efficiency is more than 18% with two stage depression collector. The tube is tested under the electron gun voltage is 19.1 KV and beam current is 145 mA.


The World Robot Summit 2018 Assembly Challenge included four different tasks. The kitting task, which required bin-picking, was the task in which the fewest points were obtained. However, bin-picking is a vital skill that can significantly increase the flexibility of robotic set-ups, and is, therefore, an important research field. In recent years advancements have been made in sensor technology and pose estimation algorithms. These advancements allow for better performance when performing visual pose estimation. This paper shows that by utilizing new vision sensors and pose estimation algorithms pose estimation in bins can be performed successfully. We also implement a workcell for bin picking along with a force based grasping approach to perform the complete bin picking. Our set-up is tested on the World Robot Summit 2018 Assembly Challenge and successfully obtains a higher score compared with all teams at the competition. This demonstrate that current technology can perform bin-picking at a much higher level compared with previous results.


Conductance curves for normal metal/superconductor point contacts have been modeled in terms of electron spin polarization, for the case in which the normal metal is magnetic. We modify this model to include inelastic scattering, i.e., quasiparticle lifetime effects. Furthermore, a quantitative technique for estimating the inelastic scattering parameter and the spin polarization parameter is presented. Comparison to data for a Co2Cr0.6.Fe0.4Al/Sn point contact is discussed.


Coolingin summer isgenerallydone by air conditioners using electric energy , But tkis syst巳m of辷en causes diseases attrib翼table to excessive cooling and poor circula【jon as cool air blows locally . Radia1ion cooling is a solution to this prob玉em . The authors have installed ceiling radiation panels using well wa1er as a heat medium in a room ofawooden hoロse, and verified comfbrtableness and energy −saving by measuring temperature, humidity , solar rudiation and so on continuously throughout a year.


COASTAL COMMUNITIES 17__ s Impact of the Spread of Phragmites on the Distribution of Birds in Connecticut Tidal Marshes. 1999. Benoit, L.K., Dept. of Environmental Protection, Office of Long Island Sound Programs, 79 Elm Street, Hartford CT 06106; and R.A. Askins. Wetlands 19(1): 194-208. During a survey of 40 salt and brackish marshes along the Connecticut coastline, Benoit and Askins observed a significantly greater number of bird species nesting in short-grass marshes than in wetlands where the common reed (Phragmites australis) have displaced cattail (Typha spp.) and cordgrass (Spartina spp.) as the dominant vegetation. Among the species that apparently do not favor the reed-dominated wetlands are several that the state of Connecticut has listed as either endangered or threatened. The height and density of reeds may also inhibit birds from using pools, such as those created by muskrats, that appear to enhance bird species richness. Although the authors recommend controlling the spread of reeds in tidal wetlands, they caution that complete removal of the plant would reduce wetland biodiversity and destroy the habitat of a few species that nest in tall, reedy vegetation.


The chemistry and migration patterns of the mantle ichor are discussed on a globle scale followed by evaluations of the significance of HACONSfluid with respect to various geological processes of fundamental interest.


To study the existence and regularity, even just partial regularity (smoothness except for a closed exceptional set of some measure or capacity zero) for higher order (nonlinear) elliptic equations (systems), we intend to develop a nonlinear potential analysis on Morrey spaces, fractional Riesz potentials, fractional maximal functions, and Morrey capacities of two different types.


In this paper, a substrate integrated waveguide microwave filter combining miniaturization and tunable technology is proposed. On the basis of miniaturization, the absolute bandwidth can be adjusted under constant central frequency and the center frequency can be adjusted under constant absolute bandwidth. It lays a solid foundation for the realization of high quality fully tunable filters.


The Supported Accommodation Assistance Programs (SAAP) is analyzed to understand how many additional places are needed to meet the current measured demand for SAAP accommodation. The different policies that can be undertaken to facilitate a fall in turn away rates are highlighted.


Proves the inequality and equality problem by using probabilitic method, further more discusses the wide application of probabilitic method in mathematical proof.


Delivering high-definition (HD) wireless video under stringent delay constraint is challenging with regard to the limited network resources and high transmission rate. Concurrent multipath transfer (CMT) using stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) exploits the multihoming feature of mobile devices to establish associations with different access networks. In this paper, we study the multihomed HD video communication with SCTP over heterogeneous wireless networks. The existing CMT schemes mainly treat the traffic data in a content-agnostic fashion, and thus cannot effectively leverage the scarce wireless resources to maximize the perceived video quality. To address this critical issue, we propose a content-aware CMT (CMT-CA) solution that featured by the unequal frame-level scheduling based on estimated video parameters and feedback channel status. First, we develop an analytical framework to model the total distortion of parallel video transmission over multiple wireless access networks. Second, we introduce a joint congestion control and data distribution scheme to minimize the total distortion based on online quality evaluation and Markov decision process (MDP). The performance of CMT-CA is evaluated through extensive semi-physical emulations in Exata involving HD video encoded with H.264 codec. Experimental results show that CMT-CA outperforms the reference schemes in terms of video peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), end-to-end delay, and goodput. Or conversely, CMT-CA achieves the same video quality with 20 percent bandwidth conservation.


Objective: The objective of this research work is to develop a simple, rapid, cost-effective, accurate, precise, and robust stability-indicating reversephase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative estimation of telmisartan (TEL) and amlodipine (AMD) in combined tablet dosage form.
Methods: The method uses Poroshell 120EC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) with an optimized mobile phase containing acetonitrile:50 mM ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio (45:55 v/v), pH adjusted to 4.5 with acetic acid. The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min, column temperature at 25°C and detection was monitored by a PDA detector at a wavelength of 245 nm. International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) recommended stress degradation studies were performed on TEL, AMD standard drugs, and tablet formulations; further stressed samples were analyzed by the proposed method.
Results: Major degradation of TEL and AMD was observed under acidic, alkali, hydrolytic and oxidation conditions. The described method was validated as per the ICH guideline and validation parameters such as system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness results were within acceptable limits.
Conclusion: The method was found to be suitable and accurate for quantitative estimation and stability study of title drugs in pharmaceutical preparations.


In this article author deals with the legal problems of a qualification and classification of emergency situations of technogenic character and also some measures of social support for citizens living on the territory under the influens of technogenic accidents and сatastrophies.


The present invention provides a system for wireless energy transfer in a defined area. , Source and means resonator may be an energy transfer in the region through the plurality of repeaters. Resonator region may be adjustable; region energy or magnetic field distribution can be configured according to the position and the energy demand device.


Microarray image noise reduction determines the precision and veracity of microarray data processing and information extraction.Highly fluorescent noise is a type of special noise with higher brightness and shape in block which can′t be removed by traditional methods.According to the feature of it,this paper proposes that using mathematical morphology opening operator with disk structure element to evaluate image quality,then suppress the noise with thresholding segmentation techniques.Two methods are put forward to get threshold:one is the adaptive method based on maximum variance between clusters,another is the fixed means.Through comparison and analysis,the lots of experiment results show that both two methods can effectively remove the highly fluorescent noise and preserve edge and detailed information.


The phases of the formation of mathematical modeling direction in power engineering in Ukraine are investigated. It was found out that the initial studies began in research institutions in the late 1940s and early 1950s, but they received consistency at the Institute of Electrodynamics of the NAS of Ukraine under the guidance of Academician G. Pukhov. Actually, on his initiative, the scientific theme on electronic modeling of power assets and systems became a part of scientific work of the Institute of Electrodynamics. The in-depth study of the archive documents of the G. Pukhov Institute for Modeling in Energy Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the cabinet-museum of G. Pukhov, the Archive of the National University "L'viv Polytechnic", the Institute of Archival Studies of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine made it possible to reveal that the scientist had created a scientific school of mathematical modeling, which occupied the leading position in the field of methods and tools of electronic and mathematical modeling in power engineering. It has been proved that the innovative scientific work of academician G. Pukhov and his scientific school are definitely important achievement in the history of Ukrainian science and technology of the second half of the XX century.


Purpose – To develop a fast and accurate method of calculation of permanent magnet machines.Design/methodology/approach – Presently two ways exist of modeling of synchronous machines – the classic one, when the concept of inductances Ld and Lq is used and the numerical, time‐stepping approach. The first cannot account for precisely the saturation effects, while the second one is highly time consuming. Proposed algorithm replaces inductances by the distributions of flux densities, which were used for their definition, obtained from finite element solutions. Mathematically, the analysis is converted from the space of trigonometric functions to the more general space of periodic functions.Findings – The compact algorithm of analysis has been found, making it possible to extend its application to other types of machines.Research limitations/implications – Validation of the proposed method was done only by cross‐checking with integral parameters coming from finite element solution.Practical implications – A po...


Diffusivity of lithium (or Li vacancies) in active materials in a lithium ion battery is a key property to achieve high battery performance. Propagation of Li-deficient phases in large LiFePO4 single crystals along the (100), (010) and (001) planes (a, b and c planes, respectively) during chemical delithiation was studied by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Li was extracted from one of the b (a, c) planes, and Raman spectroscopy was simultaneously conducted on the other b (a, c) plane on the opposite side. Li-deficient phases were observed 10 minutes after delithiation was started. The results indicate that the diffusivity of Li along the b axis during migration of Li-deficient phases under this condition is in the order of 10−5 cm2 s−1, which are five to seven orders of magnitude higher than Li diffusivities previously reported. The density of Li-deficient phases on the b plane continued to increase even after delithiation had stopped. The diffusivities of Li along the a and c axes were also in the order of 10−5 cm2 s−1, but the diffusivity along the a axis was smaller than those along the b and c axes. The very fast diffusion is thought to be induced by a diffusion mechanism that is strongly coupled to the chemical potential of Li in LixFePO4 depending on the concentration of Li(x).


For the family of polynomials in one variable $P:=x^n+a_1x^{n-1}+\cdots +a_n$ we ask the questions at which points its discriminant set can be considered as the graph of a function of all coefficients $a_j$ but one and how its subset of points, where the discriminant set is not smooth, projects on the different coordinate hyperplanes in the space of the coefficients~$a$.


PURPOSE
To describe differences in health status (symptoms, physical function, and quality of life) between continued medical management and transmyocardial revascularization with a carbon dioxide laser in patients with severe, symptomatic, inoperable coronary artery disease.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
This prospective, multicenter trial randomized 98 patients to transmyocardial revascularization and 99 to continued medical therapy. Health status was assessed with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and the Short Form-36 at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months. A new analytic technique, the benefit statistic, was developed to facilitate interpretability of disease-specific health status assessments over time.

RESULTS
Of the 99 patients assigned to medical therapy, 59 (60%) subsequently underwent transmyocardial revascularization. By an intention-to-treat analysis, patients initially randomized to transmyocardial revascularization had 44% of their angina eliminated versus 21% for the medical treatment group (difference = 23%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11% to 34%). Differences in the benefits of transmyocardial revascularization on physical limitations (33% vs 11% in the medical arm [difference = 23%; 95% CI, 15% to 31%]) and quality of life (47% vs 20% in the medical arm [difference = 26%; 95% CI, 18% to 35%]) were similarly large. These benefits were apparent at 3 months and sustained throughout the 1 year of follow-up. An efficacy analysis that excluded patients who crossed over from the medical treatment to transmyocardial revascularization arm suggested greater treatment benefits.

CONCLUSIONS
Transmyocardial revascularization may offer a valuable palliative alternative to patients with severe limitations in health status for whom no standard revascularization options exist.


A response surface model was developed for effects of temperature (20 to 40C), pH (4.5 to 6.5) and water activity (aw) (0.94 to 0.99) on germination of Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 spores. Germination depended, to varying extents, on the interactions among the independent variables and complexity of the medium. In particular it was affected (P <0.05) by interactions of aw with temperature and pH and by temperature in its quadratic term. The model was validated against data not used in its development. Mean absolute relative error of predictions (model accuracy) was 22.8% in model systems and 10.17% in real systems. Bias factors were 0.887 and 0.922 for model and real systems, respectively. Results indicated that the model developed was "fail safe" and provided reliable predictions of germination of B. cereus.


Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a form of benign cutaneous leukocyteclastic vasculitis [1]. It affects children younger than two years of age. Respiratory tract infections, immunization, and drug intake are considered as precipitating factors. AHEI is characterized by fever, ecchymotic,purpuric lesions, and edema on the extremities and/or face. On histopathology, the skin lesions show leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The clinical features may be confused with Henoch-Schönlein purpura, erythema multiforme, meningococcemia, and septicemia. There is no internal organ involvement, and the disease runs a benign course with spontaneous resolution [2].


A new square-pyramidal complex, Zn(DMABT)(acac) 2 (DMABT = p -dimethylaminobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone; acac = acetylacetonate), has been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray crystal structure analysis. Crystal data: crystal system Monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n , with M r = 485.89 (C 20 H 28 N 4 O 4 SZn), a = 8.208(3) Å, b = 10.982(5) Å, c = 26.647(9) Å, f = 90°, g = 93.67(3)°, n = 90°, V = 2396.8(15) Å 3 , Z = 4, D c = 1.347 g/cm 3 , F (000) = 1016, w = 1.143 mm m 1 , R 1 = 0.0444, wR 2 = 0.1182. Reflections collected are 4733, while unique reflections are 4636 with I S 2 σ ( I ). The complex structure contains a square-pyramid formed by four oxygen atoms and one sulfur atom around a zinc atom. The molecular shape is like a screw, in which two acetylacetonate groups form the head and the DMABT group forms the tail. The first-order molecular hyperpolarizabilities ( g ) of the complex and DMABT were calculated utilizing PM3 method through MOPAC software package in Chem 3D, the result of which shows that the g 0 value of the complex (30.6 2 10 m 30 esu) is higher than that of DMABT (21.5 2 10 m 30 esu). Electronic absorption spectroscopy was compared with ZINDO/S calculated result.


In the present study, blood samples from Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 vaccinated and non-vaccinated (control) sheep were collected at definite interval from 0 day to 98th day post vaccination (PV), sera were separated and subjected to different serological tests viz., Standard tube agglutination test (STAT), Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT), Agar gel immunodiffision (AGID), Radial Immunodiffusion (RID), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and dot-ELISA. The STAT titre of 40 IU and formation of precipitation line in AGID were found from 3rd day to 84th day post-vaccination (PV) whereas the characteristic precipitation ring appeared from 7th to 84th day PV in RID. The RBPT, ELISA and dot-ELISA were found positive from 3rd to 98th day PV, which revealed higher sensitivity of these tests in comparison to STAT, AGID and RID. However, RBPT, being a sensitive, simple, economic, rapid and field oriented test, was advised to be used for detection of antibodies against the brucellosis in sheep.


A new hardware platform for multi-carrier and multi-mode applications is presented, providing a fully digital solution up to the first intermediate frequency (IF) at around 80 MHz. It has been designed as a research and development platform for future wireless ad hoc networks with inherent quality-of-service measures, i.e. fourth generation networks and beyond (4G+). Because of its software configurable nature, it is not only suitable for 4G, but it is also capable of carrier-processing for second and third generation networks, such as GSM/EDGE and UMTS. The proposed solution is quite flexible, powerful and yet cost-effective. A wide-spread general purpose digital signal processor (DSP) assisted by field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) plus dedicated transmit and receive signal processors work at the transceiver's core.


1. Studying Emotional Development 2. Deconstructing Emotions: Elicitors, Action Patterns, and Experiences 3. Multiple Emotions and Moods 4. The Early Emotions 5. The Rise of Consciousness 6. The Transforming Role of Consciousness: Self-Conscious Emotions, Social Relationships, and Mentalism 7. Lying and Deception in Emotional Life 8. The Self-Conscious Emotions 9. Temperament, Emotion, and Stress 10. The Socialization of Emotion 11. Emotional Development Gone Awry 12. The Fugue


Several benzothiazolyl, imidazobenzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothienopyrimidinyl and quinazolinyl 4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinones were synthesized and examined for cardiotonic activity in anesthetized dogs after i.v. administration. Among them, 4-methylamino-7-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-methyl-3-oxo-6- pyridazinyl)quinazoline (36) showed potent and long-lasting inotropic activity (relative potency = 2.11, milrinone = 1). The activity of 36 was more potent than indolidan (2) (relative potency = 1.53) which is one of the most potent inotropic agents to date.


This paper proposes a new connectionist (or neural network) expert system for the online fault diagnosis of a power substation. The connectionist expert diagnosis system has similar profile to an expert system, but can be constructed much more easily from elemental samples. These samples associate the faults with their protective relays and breakers as well as the bus voltages and feeder currents. Through an elaborately designed structure, alarm signals are processed by different connectionist models. The output of the connectionist models is then integrated to provide fine final conclusion with a confidence level. The proposed approach has been practically verified by testing on a typical Taiwan Power (Taipower) secondary substation. The test results show that rapid and exactly correct diagnosis is obtained even for fault conditions involving multiple faults or failure operation of protective relays and circuit breakers. Moreover, the system can be transplanted into various substations with little additional implementation effort. >


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide high purity silicic acid porous glass where the content of silicic acid is at least more than 99 wt.% and a method for producing the same. SOLUTION: The method for producing the high purity silicic acid porous glass where the content of silicic acid (SiO 2 ) is at least more than 99 wt.% is characterized by having a first step to produce mother glass by heating and melting a raw material composition obtained by at least mixing two or more kinds of the ingredients of group II elements and a lithium ingredient in an SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -Na 2 O composition system, a second step for phase-separating by heat-treating the mother glass and a third step to elute ingredients except silicic acid by performing acid treatment on the phase-separated mother glass. The high purity silicic acid porous glass produced by the method is provided. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


I argue that there is nothing about truth as such that prevents contradictions from being true. I argue this by considering the main standard accounts of truth, and showing that they are quite compatible with the existence of true contradictions. Indeed, in many cases, they are actually friendly to the idea.


An ordinary difficulty in assessing the severity of medical data is the confined ability to structurally organize the ensemble of different cases into semantically relevant classes. A conceivable visualization scheme of the entire set can potentially reveal critical data similarities and help the physicians to ocular estimate their initial diagnosis. In this paper, a novel method for efficient organization of hip joint osteoarthritis data in a low-dimensional space is presented. A collection of 57 radiographic images are utilized and characteristic features are extracted using a standard texture-based methodology. The management of all individual cases is pursued using a well-suited data analysis methodology. The final outcome is a 2-dimensional point-diagram that visually reflects the intrinsic organization of the ensemble of available data. The proposed framework can be used to detect putative clustering tendencies, examine the presence of data similarities and potentially indicate the existence of possible false alarms in the initial perceptual estimation.


In the molecule of the title compound, C11H11FN2O4, the five-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation. An intramolecular N—H⋯F hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules.


The present invention includes an extension member, puncture catheter, reentry catheter, multi-lumen reentry catheter and to use a specialized catheter containing a combination of these catheters, total occlusion or almost completely occluded lesion chronic vascular to provide a system and method for traversing or bypass the. Puncture catheter includes a distal tip which is used to pierce an occlusion in cross treatment, puncture catheter may be configured to support or extension member executes microdissection occlusion. Reentry catheter includes a distal side port and a ramp for facilitating reentry or perforation of the vessel wall. Multi lumen reentry catheter or entry catheter, having an rupturable lumen divider and distal side port and ramps.


The utility model aims to provide a linear multi-head cap screwing device, which comprises main work systems including a height-adjustable lifting mechanism, a control system, a cap screwing mechanism, a product conveying and positioning system and the like. The cap screwing mechanism is provided with a torque limiting device, the lifting mechanism is connected with the cap screwing mechanism and controls lifting of the cap screwing mechanism, the control system is connected with the cap screwing mechanism and controls the cap screwing mechanism via a programmable logic controller (PLC), and the product conveying and positioning system is disposed below the cap screwing mechanism and used for conveying products. By the aid of the cap screwing device with the special structural design, clamps are not required to be replaced when barrel shapes are replaced on a filling production line, shape replacement time is greatly shortened, shape replacement operation is fast and high-efficient, and the linear multi-head cap screwing device is applicable to production of various barrel shapes and various cover shapes, and increases production efficiency of the filling production line.


Perovskite solar cells have quintupled in efficiency in the last five years, making them the fastest growing such type of device. But as Stephen Ornes explains, researchers have yet to overcome one final hurdle: figuring out how to stop them degrading in real-world applications.


According to the age and the usage, a rectangular warranty region is divided into four nonoverlapping sub-regions. Preventive maintenance activities with different levels are performed over these sub-regions. In the sub-regions, which cover the early and last stages of the warranty regions, the maintenance is minimal. In the second sub-region, an imperfect and periodic two-dimensional preventive maintenance strategy is performed. While in the third sub-region, perfect and periodic two-dimensional preventive maintenance actions are scheduled. The age and usage intervals for the two periodic two-dimensional strategies are optimized by minimizing the associated cost. A numerical example is given to illustrate the application of the strategy.


According to the "Smart Electromagnetic Environment" (SEME) paradigm, the propagation scenario will become a key actor in the design of future wireless systems. As a matter of fact, the exploitation and arbitrary manipulation of the complex electromagnetic (EM) phenomena arising in multi-path and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments will represent a fundamental asset to fulfill the ever-growing needs and requirements of the forthcoming communications standards. An overview of some of the most promising SEME-enabling technologies is given, along with a discussion of the current and future trends within such an emerging framework.


Objective To investigate the relation between changes of tissues nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and aging. To modulate NO synthesis by increasing or inhibiting NOS activity for demonstrating the role of NO in aging. Methods Rats tissue inorganic nitrate concentration was detected by Cu 2+ activated cadmium reduction method. Tissue NOS activity in heart, liver, brain and kidney was determined by oxyhemoglobin oxidation method. Tissue malonaldehyde(MDA) was determined by thiobarbituric acid test. Results Compared with the young group, NO significantly decreased in heart, brain and kidney in the aged group ( P 0 01),but only decreased significantly in kidney in the middle age group ( P 0 05). Compared with the middle age group, NO decreased significantly in heart in the aged group ( P 0 01). NOS activity in heart and brain was also lower in the middle age group than that in the young group ( P 0 05). NOS activity in heart and brain was higher in the aged group than that in the middle age group, but just in brain had significant difference between two groups ( P 0 05). Compared with the aged group as control, β estradiol induced NO significantly increased in heart, liver, kidney and brain ( P 0 01), but tissue MDA in heart, brain and kidney significantly decreased ( P 0 01). L nitroarginine methylester (L NAME) induced NO in liver decreased significantly ( P 0 05),but MDA only in the brain tissue decreased significantly ( P 0 05). Conclusions The study demonstrates relative relation between NO and aging.


The search for new ways to obtain analogues of the well-known Methylene Blue dye is an important synthetic task. Herein, we proposed and developed an approach to the synthesis of 3-N′-arylaminophenothiazines and asymmetrical 3,7-di(N′-arylamino)phenothiazines. This approach included the optimization of synthetic strategy by quantification analysis of the positive charge distribution in the cation of 3-N′-arylaminophenothiazine derivative. The obtained experimental data are confirmed by DFT studies. Two synthetic routes for asymmetrical phenothiazine diarylamino derivatives were suggested and verified. The developed convenient and versatile synthetic approach makes it easy to obtain aromatic Methylene Blue isostructural analogues with various substituents. As a result, a series of novel 3-N′-arylaminophenothiazines and asymmetrical 3,7-di(N′-arylamino)phenothiazines containing ester, tert-butoxycarbonyl, sulfonic acid, hydroxyl and amine groups were obtained in high yields.


The present paper is aimed at our evaluation of removing environmental estrogens from the sewage treatment via an in-vivo bioassay.For our research purpose,we have collected sewage samples of different major sewage treatment processes from Jiaozuo municipal sewage-treating plant.In our investigation,we have chosen adult male goldfish(Carassius auratus) as subjects.In order to investigate responses of the male goldfish to various concentrations of estrogens in the sewage,we have prepared the testing solutions by a serial dilution of the sewage(5% and 10%,volume fraction) in the dechlorinated municipal water.The male goldfish were exposed to the various dilutions of the sewage.When the blood samples were taken after 7 days' exposure,the fish were killed by cervical transaction.At this,we have done assessement over the effects of biomarkers, such as serum vitellogenin(VTG) and gonadosomatic index(GSI).The bioassay indicates significant serum VTG induction and gonad atrophy in all the sewage-treated fish.Of all the 5% sewage treatment groups,serum VTG levels in the fish were found reduced with the exposure solutions treated throughout the process in the plant.In addition,the oxidation ditch proves to be the main process for removing the environmental estrogens.The 10% of the sewage collected from aerated grit chamber and the other 10% collected from the bio-selecting tank both inhibited the VTG induction to the male goldfish for their toxicity.The highest GSI was observed in the response to the treatment of the 5% sewage from the secondary sedimentation tank(0.57%) and the lowest GSI(0.36%) was observed in the fish exposed to the 10% sewage from the aerated grit chamber.And,finally,it was found that it was impossible for the environment estrogens to be removed totally from the sewage treatment process,and with a feminization effect left over in the male goldfish due to the effluent,which means that the receiving water of the effluent of the Jiaozuo municipal sewage treatment plant can be contaminated by the environmental estrogens and fish in them can be exposed to risk of being femininized.


The present invention discloses tablets containing olmesartan medoxomil and amlodipine besylate, the dispersion of the solid amlodipine benzenesulfonate, prepared olmesartan medoxomil and pharmaceutical excipients from the acid amlodipine solid dispersions the weight ratio of 1: amlodipine besylate and 7-12 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose composition. The compound amlodipine besylate tablets rapid dissolution and absorption of the body, by taking the hypertensive patients, only two active ingredients having enhanced synergistic antihypertensive effect, but also significantly reduces the adverse drug reactions.


A new solid ion accelerator based on magnetron sputtering discharge is described. The ions of working gas are used to bombard and sputter a cylindrical target made of metal or dielectric material. The sputtered atoms can be ionized and extracted by an ion optical accelerating system. Tests have shown that the ion source can operate stably for a long time that is principally defined by the target consumption. The mixed beam consisting of various solid ions (B, C, Si, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Ta, W) and ions of working gas can be obtained. PACS: 52.30.Ex; 52.50.Dg; 52.75.-d


Proteinuria is the most common clinical symptoms of chronic kidney disease,which was the independent risk factor for chronic renal failure( CRF) and having some characteristics perplexes clinical workers,such as resistant and repeatability. YE Chuanhui is the famous expert of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine,who is rich in the experience of treating proteinuria and having a good effect. This paper summarizes her experience from three aspects,as the syndrome differentiation and prescription of TCM( Traditional Chinese Medicine),the care of TCM,the example of medical records. In order to enlighten scholars.


Holliday junctions are critical intermediates for ho-mologous, site-specific recombination, DNA repair, and replication. A wealth of structural information is available for immobile four-way junctions, but the controversy on the mechanism of branch migration of Holliday junctions remains unsolved. Two models for the mechanism of branch migration were suggested. suggest an alternative model in which the junction adopts an extended conformation. We tested these models using a Holliday junction undergoing branch migration and time-lapse atomic force mi-croscopy, an imaging technique capable of imaging DNA dynamics. The single molecule atomic force microscopy experiments performed in the presence and in the absence of divalent cations show that mobile Holliday junctions adopt an unfolded conformation during branch migration that is retained despite a broad range of motion in the arms of the junction. This conformation of the junction remains unchanged until strand separation. The data obtained support the model for branch migration having the extended conformation of the Hol-liday junction. The Holliday junction (HJ) 1 suggested in 1964 by Robin Holliday (6) is a central intermediate in homologous and site-specific recombination (7). This type of DNA structure is also involved in double-stranded break repair (7, 8). Recent data show that HJs are critical intermediates in replication fork stalling leading to subsequent correction of the corrupting template lesion (9 –11). Movement of the crossover along DNA allowing for length extension of the heteroduplex is termed branch migration. If this process is not terminated by re-solvases, branch migration leads to complete strand separation as shown in Fig. 1A. Branch migration, whether spontaneous or mediated by proteins, is a key step in various genetic processes involving the Holliday junction. Various models for the Holliday junction intermediate have been utilized to unravel the structural basis for branch migration and resolution of the junction. The immobile four-way junction was a primary model system for the Holliday junction, and a great deal of information on the structure of HJs was obtained from their study. Numerous techniques (12–17), including very recent x-ray crystallography analysis (18, 19), show that in the presence of multivalent cations, the junction adopts an antiparallel orientation in which the four helices stack in pairs to form two double-helical domains. Immobile HJs can adopt two conforma-tional states undergoing transition between them via extended conformation as a transient state (20). However, these findings are in contrast to data obtained for HJs formed by inverted repeats (2-fold sequence symmetry), which …


Muller glial cells of the vertebrate retina express purinergic P2 receptors; activation of these receptors causes an increase of the intracellular free calcium concentration and a subsequent activation of calcium-dependent potassium channels in the plasma membranes. The expres-sion of these receptors varies among the animal species. Muller cells of all species investigated so far express metabotropic P2Y receptors while human Muller cells additionally express ionotropic P2X7 receptors. The expression level of functional purinergic receptors in Muller cells of the rabbit retina is dependent on the developmental stage. At the early postnatal stage, the vast majority of immature radial glial cells show calcium responses upon exposure to ex-tracellular ATP whereas in the adult retina, only a minority of Muller cells shows such re-sponses. However, in experimental proliferative retinal diseases, the ATP responsiveness in-creases significantly in correlation to alterations of the potassium conductances of the mem-brane. A similar disease-dependent up-regulation was found in human Muller cells, in respect to the expression of functional P2X7 receptors. Purinergic receptors are suggested to be impli-cated in the regulation of both retinal precursor cell proliferation in the developing retina and reactive Muller cell proliferation in the diseased adult retina.


As businesses and financial institutions engage in transactions with increasingly international scope, U.S. regulatory agencies follow closely behind, investigating potential violations of the securities and exchange laws. Of all the investigative powers of the Securities and Exchange Commission, one of the more feared is the ability to issue administrative subpoenas and have them enforced by a Federal court. What is troubling, however, is the SEC's recent foray into investigating possible misconduct across U.S. borders through subpoenaing foreign employees conducting business overseas. This article argues that in certain circumstances, the SEC does not have the authority to issue or enforce an extraterritorial administrative subpoena. In other situations, while the SEC may clearly exercise its subpoena power, there are certain precautions that may be put in place to help minimize a financial services firm's risk profile.


" simple rationality, if nothing else, dictated a return to quiescent cultivation." That is where this reviewer certainly found his peasants 10 years later. Still, perhaps one can suspend judgment until the promised second volume appears. Perhaps also one day it may be possible to examine the Soviet occupation with the same thoroughness as the American occupation has been examined here, though one should by no means disparage, on account of its necessary brevity, the quality of the account of the Soviet occupation given here. One of the main themes of this book appears to be that it was U.S. policy in 1945-46 simply to contain or roll back communism, and in his almost total ignorance of U.S. politics and overwhelming concern for Koreans, this reviewer is not able quite to accept that South Korea is no more than an unfortunate by-product of that U.S. policy.


§0 Introduction §1 First and Second Variational Formulas for Area §2 Bishop Comparison Theorem §3 Bochner-Weitzenbock Formulas §4 Laplacian Comparison Theorem §5 Poincare Inequality and the First Eigenvalue §6 Gradient Estimate and Harnack Inequality §7 Mean Value Inequality §8 Reilly's Formula and Applications §9 Isoperimetric Inequalities and Sobolev Inequalities §10 Lower Bounds of Isoperimetric Inequalities §11 Harnack Inequality and Regularity Theory of De Giorgi-Nash-Moser References


The rapidly advancing fields of medicine and technology are converging, creating new capabilities and products that could not have been conceived of 10 years ago. One new field of study that has come from this convergence is affective computing. This field of study attempts to give machines the capability of understanding, feeling, and responding to human emotions. For some, a machine that can understand and respond to their emotions can be scary, invasive, disturbing, and even harmful. Many of the devices with these capabilities are still in infancy, but it will not be long until these devices become common place. The problem is that the laws in the United States do not address any of the potential problems that these devices will bring to light. This paper discusses some issues that these devices will bring about and present some solutions to the issues.


Twenty years ago the first laser system was installed to solve a manufacturing problem, the drilling of precise holes in diamonds to produce a wire drawing die. The early system installations either for laser technology or end use reasons, were categorized as specials, that is units which differed in specification and performance from previous units. During the first ten years it was quite common for industrial applications to be processed by a customized unit. As the number of common applications grew, and as the specific application needs began to dictate a uniform approach to successful resolution, the number of customized systems began to decline. Coupled with this was the system suppliers' efforts to standardize product design to reduce manufacturing complexity and cost. Today the users of industrial laser systems have a choice when considering the laser in a manufacturing operation. within certain categories such as sheet metal cutting, turbine blade drilling, and ceramic scribing users can choose from a representative number of stan-dard systems. For other applications such as marking, hermetic sealing, and transmission component welding suppliers can provide variations of designs which are known as semi-standards. The third and last category, specials, makes up a reasonable share of the units currently being installed in production applications. These specials are the subject of this paper. Identification of a specific manufacturing problem and exploration of the reasons why a laser could be cost effective are presented. Illustrations of a number of these manufac-turing problems will show how a custom laser design provided a practical, satisfactory, solution. The novel system concepts employed to effect the solution will be discussed. Applications selected include: oven liner cutting, transmission gear welding, exhaust pipe cutting, and aircraft engine part processing.


"new art history" originate in and draw inspiration from other academic fields,3 it is possible that the literature cited in art history journals would reflect a corollary in crease in interdisciplinarity. To test this premise, the sub ject dispersion of articles cited in recent issues of Art Bul letin and Burlington Magazine are compared to the sub ject dispersion of articles cited in the same journals forty years earlier. This study does not seek to direct the specific collec tion development decisions of art librarians. It attempts to gauge the general direction of the discipline of art his tory and to provide some evidence for librarians to con sider as they evaluate the conflicting points of view of the "new art history" discussion. How fast is the disci pline really changing? How fast do art libraries need to change to keep pace? How important is access to sources outside the discipline?


Past experiments have demonstrated that details of the external electrical circuitry can strongly influence the performance of radio frequency (rf) plasma processing reactors. Seemingly minor changes in the circuit, such as changing cable lengths, can lead to significantly different plasma characteristics. To investigate these couplings, a plasma equipment model has been developed which consists of a linked reactor simulation and a circuit model. In this hierarchy the results of the reactor simulation are periodically used in the circuit model to construct a simple representation of the plasma consisting of sheaths and resistors which are connected to the external circuit. Voltages (dc, fundamental and harmonics) and currents at all electrodes and reactor surfaces are computed, and are then employed as boundary conditions for the plasma reactor simulation. The models were used to investigate the effects of operating conditions, reactor geometry and stray coupling on the electrical characteristics of asymm...


Make provision for the holding of a referendum in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar on whether the United Kingdom should remain a member of the European Union.


The evaporation of water from an aqueous solution is widely used in the food, desalination, pulp, and chemical industries. Usually, a large amount of energy is consumed in the evaporation process to boil off water due to atmospheric pressure. As a way of improving the energy efficiency of the evaporation process, the combination of multiple effect evaporation and thermal vapor recompression has been proposed and has become a successful technique. In this study, 4 multiple-effect falling film type evaporators for sugar solution are designed and the energy efficiency of the system is analyzed in response to the selection of the steam ejector position. Energy efficiency is increased and vapor is more compressed in the steam ejector as the Thermal Vapor Recompression (TVR) is arranged in the rear part of the evaporator system. A simplified 0-dimensional evaporator model is developed using non-linear equations derived from mass balances, energy balances, and heat transfer equations. Steam economy is calculated to compare the evaporation performance of the 4 proposed evaporators. The entrainment ratio, compression ratio, and expansion ratio are computed to check the ejector performance.


To the Editor: Although the number of elderly people with activity of daily living disability is increasing dramatically, little is known about the effect that caregiving has on young, informal family care providers. Because many older people with dementia are widowed or because their spouses or even their children are too old or too unhealthy and because more and more households are multigenerational, it has become more common for grandchildren to take on the role of main informal caregiver. The current study was undertaken to examine how burdensome adult grandchildren caregivers (AGCs) caring for their grandparents (GPs) with dementia found their tasks. This was a multicentric, prospective, observational study over a 2-year period. Using a structured, nonrecorded telephone interview, AGCs were asked 55 questions regarding their sociodemographic characteristics; the kind of support they provided; and whether they had social, physical, or mental health problems. Of 8,940 individuals aged 75 and older who were screened, 164 were eligible, and 70 dyads (GPs and AGCs) were enrolled in the study. Participants were recruited from the French Northern Alzheimer Database. All participants provided oral informed consent. Confidentiality and anonymity rules were respected. The research ethics committee approved the study (ref HP 13/03). The main results are presented in Table 1. The GPs had a mean age of 87 and at least five grandchildren, more than half still lived in their own homes, and most were female. The AGCs had a mean age of 38 and an average of 2 young children; a vast majority were female. Threequarters were employed and had an adequate monthly income (€1,500 (US$1,690) per month). The AGCs had been providing care for 5 years or more. The kind of assistance provided was variable (e.g., visits, shopping). AGCs declared that they were in good health. Seventy percent reported that caregiving did not influence their quality of life and did not affect their leisure activities. Most considered the effect of caregiving to be positive.


A comparative study has been carried out on the effect of some soil amendments (phosphorus compounds, organic fertilizers and sapropel) on the quantity of the phytoaccessible forms of Pb, Zn and Cd and the accumulation of these elements by the Triticale. The effect of the used soil amendments on the mobile forms of the Pb, Zn and Cd is specific without clearly expressed tendencies. Only with the natural fertilizer there is a clear tendency for their reduction in all of the three studied elements. No direct relation between the quantity of the mobile forms and the absorption of Pb, Zn and Cd by the Triticale was established. The superphosphate and KH2PO4 are effective phytostabili zing amendments for soils contaminated with lead. In combined contamination, however, adding superphosphate is not appropriate, as it increases the content of zinc and cadmium in the overground parts of the plants, while KH2PO4 can be used successfully.


Guided by speech act theory, the present paper, based on the statistical data, discusses the issue about exhortation power of English advertising, and analyzes and reasons its distributions and realizations. The statistics indicates that the speech acts carrying out the exhortation power distribute differently and the majority of them are potential buyers oriented. Direct speech acts and indirect speech acts are two common used approaches in the advertising. In comparison, however, the former are used slightly more than the latter. Analysis shows that the admen always try to apply various ways to make the advertising language vivid and attractive so as to not only achieve their ultimate aim to sell products, but also avoid violating their potential buyers in language as well.


This book started by posing the question why a great amount of both non-intelligent and intelligent complex systems share the same properties and what makes a system to respond in an intelligent way. What we have learnt from the book is that a range of common properties of both intelligent and non-intelligent systems is necessary for sustaining the stability of a system. Further, the stability is developed through hierarchical self-organization which, to the most surprise, takes a new role: the role of implement of a semantic-like response. These premises, as we have seen, define an operational protocol that allows developing a systematic general theory about transformation of a system of constituents into a system of specifiable agents which respond to external stimuli in an intelligent-like manner. The proposed approach develops both the physics and the information theory and puts the relation between them on novel grounds by establishing the foundation for realization of a functional circuit capable to autonomous organization of information in a hierarchy of semantic structures along with its autonomous comprehending and autonomous creating of information. The book has demonstrated that the key advantages of this strategy are: • The boundedness sets the homeostasis to be a property of each hierarchical level starting with the quantum-mechanical one. Alongside, it makes available its characteristics to take metric-free forms which provides covariance of their robustness to small perturbations (provides their independence from the choice of a reference frame). • The exclusive property of boundedness to appear both as a grounding principle for every given hierarchical level and as an emergent property at the next one opens the door to versatility and scalability of the hierarchical order through its non-extensive super-structuring. • The general way of 'building' a hierarchy is through morphogenesis considered in the setting of the developed by us concept of boundedness. Its major advantage is that it provides a sustainable evolution of a 'kind' by means of diversifying its mutations. • The semantics appears as an autonomous property of self-organization contrary to the traditional information theory where the process of distinguishing of a message from a random sequence is subject to an " external mind. " • The information is organized in semantic order in a non-extensive manner. The effect of that non-extensivity is best illustrated by the rate of its extent – it is justified by the availability the next and the previous unit (letter, word, sentence…) …


PURPOSE: A balance weight system of a crank shaft is provided to improve the endurance and lubrication of the support bearing by increasing the oil thickness on the bearing. CONSTITUTION: A balance weight system of a crank shaft comprises a crank shaft, a first balance weight(100), a ninth balance weight(140), a second balance weight(105), an eighth balance weight(135), and a balance weight group. The balance weights are successively arranged along the length of the crank shaft. In the first balance weight, a first crank pin is located at 90 degrees and the centroid is located at 78~82 degrees from a horizontal line. In the ninth balance weight, the centroid is located at -82~-78 degrees from the horizontal line. In the second balance weight, the centroid is located at +86.5~+89 degrees from the horizontal line. In the eight balance weight, the centroid is located at -89~-86.5 degrees from the horizontal line. The balance weight group has rotation inertia moment of 13% to 17% to the first to ninth balance weights.


TAs comprise a substantial proportion of the staff in both primary and secondary schools and occupy a key role in the support of pupils identified as having Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND), (Webster et al 2011). Much previous research about their role has assumed that TAs can and do make a positive contribution and has focused on the identification of best practice. However, recent findings have questioned these assumptions, suggesting that TAs have a negative impact on pupil progress, and offering possible explanations for this (notably Blatchford et al 2009b). The present study examines descriptions offered by TAs about their work obtained during focus group interviews. An Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach is adopted as a framework for the research (Reed 2007) with a focus on what they do well and on what would help to move their work forward. Interview data are subjected to a thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke 2006). Findings offer a view that TAs provide a vital role in enabling pupils to cope in mainstream schools; that they provide a uniquely personal and holistic view of the pupil's needs in school and that relationships and communication are central to the success and development of their work.


Electronic absorption and emission spectra of the mixtures of benzophenone and aromatic amines have been studied in rigid solutions. From absorption spectral measurements, it has been concluded that benzophenone as an acceptor forms the molecular complexes with various aromatic amines as donors. Emission spectra different from those of the component molecules were observed at longer wavelengths in the same systems. The maxima of the anomalous emission spectra of these systems were found to shift slightly to lower frequencies with the decrease in the ionization potentials of donor molecules. On account of their decay times, the emissions may be ascribed to the phosphorescence of benzophenone-aromatic amine complexes. Photolysis of benzophenone-aromatic amine complexes in rigid matrices always resulted in the appearance of the visible absorption spectrum of benzoketyl radical, together with ESR spectra, the analysis of which indicated that there is an interacting pair of radicals which is in the combined tr...


The Peruvian Amazon is an area of difficult access due to geography, and even more are their rural communities, which have high poverty rates, maternal mortality children, among others, as is the case Balsapuerto district. This area has been neglected by public and private entities who consider unattractive as to terms of profitability, because the investment required would be much higher compared to investments in urban areas. In this paper, we propose the use of mobile communication technology applied to the monitoring of pregnant women in rural areas in order to reduce somewhat the high rates set forth above.


Rice plant type related traits, which include tiller number, tiller angle, plant height and panicle characteristics, play an important role in controlling rice yield. The formation of plant type involves a series of gene expression and expression product exercising functions. So it is important to explore and analysis these genes. At present, researchers made rapid progress in understanding the genes and its functions which controlled plant type. This article outlines the traits for each plant type, reviews the identified genes and their functional characteristics for the further research of molecular breeding and genetsics and physiology.


In this paper, we present a method to improve the loop closing behaviour for visual SLAM. Landmarks consist of a combination of attention regions and Harris-Laplace corners. The attention regions are detected by a visual attention system which combines image-based, bottom-up and target-related, topdown information. The ability to perform target-directed search is used to search for expected landmarks. We analyze the amount of correct and false matches for bottom-up and top-down matching depending on different matching thresholds. It shows that whereas bottom-up matching is useful for situations in which the scene changes only slightly like during tracking, top-down matching has advantages in loop closing situations by detecting a much higher amount of correctly matched landmarks.


Abdel-Magied et al. The Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Cynomorium Coccineum and Withania Somnifera on Tes ticular Development in Immature Wistar Rats; Journal of Ethnopharmacology 75 (2001) pp. 1-4.* Garg et al. Effect of Withania Somnifera on Reproduction. In Mice; Planta Med. (1965) 13, pp. 46–47.* Revilla et al. Comparison of Several Procedures Used for the Extraction of Anthocyanins From Red Grapes, J. Agric. Food Chem. (1998), 46, pp. 4592-4597.* Rao et al. Effects of Some Indigenous Drug on The Sexual Behavior of Male Rats; Indian Journal of Pharm. Sciences (1978) 40, No. 6 p. 236-237.* Farnsworth, N.R. et al., "Current Status of Plant Products Reported to Inhibit Sperm." Research Frontiers in Fertility Regulation. Vol. 2, No. 1, Jun. 1982, pp. 1-16. Abstract of Shappira, Z. et al., "Preliminary Studies on the Potential of Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants to Regulate Reproduction in White Rats." Israel Journal of Botany Basic and Applied Plant Sciences, vol. 36, No. 4, 1987, p. 212.


Most recently, there is a renewed interest in the generation of energy from biomass given its abundance and its perceived ability as an alternative to a fossil fuel, which significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emission. Given this, lignocellulosic biomass has been acknowledged as the most abundant biomass stock for renewable energy generation across the globe. The socio-economic significance is also very overwhelming. This review article takes stock of different sources of lignocellulosic biomass and also different experimental procedure, which has been applied in the determination of the heating value and elemental composition. The review concluded that most of the research paper often echoed the enormous energy potential of biomass without thoroughly highlighting their contribution to greenhouse gas emission. It was also observed that it is only a few papers that have analyzed the effect of mixing on the heating value and elemental composition, while there are few direct comparisons of the biomass by geographical location. In overall the authors advocate for a more harmonized database for biomass.


The key issue is whether the minimum Israeli security conditions for the establishment of a Palestinian state can be fulfilled.


the Irish republic. While the author is not a rebel against he older generationindeed, there is no longer much point in such revolt-he looks on its achievements with a benevolent detachment that would have been hazardous even ten years ago. In the first fifty pages, Mr. Coogan presents an indifferent summary of the events between 1916 and 1922 which might have been improved by the use of such recent works as Richard Bennett's The Black and Tans. Yet this makes little


Integrated assembly comprising a circuit and a MEMS switching element (500) - wherein said circuit comprises a plurality of semiconductor devices (400) overlying metallic conductive lines (101 ... 104, 201 ... 204, 301 ... 304) arranged in several superposed metallization levels (100, 200, 300) with each other are connected to form the circuit, - are in which the metallization (100, 200, 300) between the MEMS switch element (500) and the semiconductor devices (400), so that the MEMS switching element (500) above the uppermost metallization level is formed (300) - in which the MEMS switch element (500) is movable, - the MEMS switching element (500) positioned on a dielectric (26) is formed, forming so that the movable MEMS switch element (500) and the dielectric (26) comprises a variable impedance (for a high frequency signal), and - is formed for a MEMS switching element (500) positioned drive electrode (303) for generating an electrostatic force for moving the MEMS switch element (500) in the in the topmost metallization (300).


Journal of Transplant Coordination, Vol. 9, Number 4, December 1999 criteria,133 1 45 including the use of organs from non–heart-beating donors.158-167 Despite its pivotal nature, until the early 1990s the role of medical examiners, coroners, and justices of the peace (ME/C/JPs) in the organ shortage was largely ignored, with a few notable exceptions.158-160 ME/C/JPs have the right to determine, from a medicolegal perspective, whether a deceased person can be an organ donor. In medical examiner jurisdictions, the medical examiner (who is a physician) must give permission for organ recovery to proceed. In coroner or justice of the peace jurisdictions where there is no medical examiner system, the coroner or justice of the peace must give permission for organ recovery to proceed. "In effect, the [ME/C/JP's] decision to allow procurement surgery is a sine qua non for organ transplantation."184 Thus, as can be seen, ME/C/JPs play an important role in the donation process, reviewing Ethical analysis of organ recovery denials by medical examiners, coroners, and justices of the peace


The objective of this paper is to research the fatigue characteristic of asphalt. The fatigue characteristic of four kinds of asphalt in continuous loading and loading with rest interval were both researched. DSR (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) was used to measure the rheology characteristic of asphalt. The experiments adopted 15C and stress-controlled condition. Four indexes were used to evaluate the fatigue characteristic of asphalt in different kinds of loadings, they are DER (Dissipated Energy Ratio), DR (Damage Rate), δ and 50% reduction in initial complex modulus (50% G*). The results show that the indexes used in continuous loading test can't reflect the fatigue characteristic of asphalt accurately. Rest periods can lengthen the fatigue life of asphalt, and the modulus of asphalt can recover during rest periods. It is not available to evaluate the fatigue characteristic of asphalt only in continuous loading test. Both the fatigue life in continuous loading and the healing ability should be used to evaluate the fatigue characteristic of asphalt.


Contrary to the First Amendment, there is a growing trend to ban certain books, magazines, and other reading material from American classrooms and libraries. Censorship has been on the rise for the past ten years and is escalating nationally. Kanewaha County, West Virginia; Idaho Falls, Idaho; and, Island Trees UFD on Long Island, New York, are just a few of the cities and towns that have censored books. The list is growing and the whole censorship issue is becoming a deep concern to librarians, school officials and school board members. STRATEGIES FOR DEALING WITH THE GROWING CENSORSHIP ISSUE Nicholas P. Criscuolo SUPERVISOR OF READING, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Contrary to the First Amendment, there is a growing trend to ban certain books, magazines, and other reading material from American classrooms and libraries. Censorship has been on the rise for the past ten years and is escalating nationally. Kanewaha County, West Virginia; Idaho Falls, Idaho; and, Island Trees UFD on Long Island, New York, are just a few of the cities and towns that have censored books. The list is growing and the whole censorship issue is becoming a deep concern to librarians, school officials and school board members. This alarming increase in book censorship is evidenced by a recent report entitled "Limiting What Students Shall Read," sponsored by the Association of American Publishers, the American Library Association, and the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. This report is based on responses to a questionnaire by 1,891 elementary and secondary school superintendents, princi pals, librarians and library supervisors in all fifty states and the District of Columbia. I t was conducted during the school years 1978-79 and 1979-80. Almost three-fourths of the respondents indicated that the rate of challenges had increased, and about one-third said that recent challenges had resulted in changes in books and materials or in the educational process. Seventy-five percent of those reporting challenges said the number is growing. Such books as One Flew Over the Cuckoo I s Nest, The Grapes of Wrath, Merchant of Venice, Little House on the Prairie and Farewell to Arms are a few titles which have been chopped from school and library lists. Surprisingly, even Webster I s Collegiate Dictionary and such magazines as Sports Illustrated and Mademoiselle have been censored in some communities. Although eminent, Hemingway, Steinbeck, Shakespeare, and Hawthorne are a sampling of the authors whose works are being banned in some districts and destined for the scrap heap. Why is censorship gaining ground in America? A variety of reasons are given for banning certain books. Books are banned because they allegedly are anti-American, anti-Black, anti-Christian and anti-Semitic. Objections to school literature are also made because they are concerned with "sex, obscenity and objectionable language."