: Recent studies indicate internal communication and organizational identification are the pressing needs of organizations to achieve employee performance and organizational effectiveness. Despite an extensive number of studies, the concepts of internal communication and organizational identification and their link to employee performance are still understudied particularly on the impact of organizational effectiveness. Understanding the mechanisms by which internal communication influences employee performance also remains scarce in the literature. Thus, this paper is prepared to ascertain the influence of two factors; internal communication as the communication factor and organizational identification as the social factor in terms of enhancing employee performance. A wide-ranging search of the three concepts is explored, examined their relationships and proposed with an underlying mechanism for the relationship. Adopting symmetrical internal communication, social identity and social exchange theories from the perspective of employee communication behavior, this paper reviews and analyses the effects of internal communication and organizational identification on employee performance by providing an integrative conceptual framework and suggesting an improved direction for future research. Theoretically, this paper provides a comprehensive insight into the existing literature that offers the basis for a rigorous assessment of internal communication and organizational identification influences on employee performance. Practically, the conceptual model may provide communication managers with the crucial guidelines for designing and implementing appropriate internal communication and identification programs for the success of employee performance and organizational sustainable development.


Fire protection engineering is increasing in importance in Canada and other countries, especially with recent changes to building and fire codes. Fire protection engineering design is highly interdisciplinary, which can present challenges when developing courses in this area. At the University of Saskatchewan, this challenge has been partially addressed through partnerships with the fire service, and other universities and research organizations. This paper discusses the importance of considering the fire service in the design process, and provides examples of partnerships with the fire service in the Mechanical Engineering undergraduate program and in graduate research projects.


Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of gas-filled cysts in the bowel wall. A case is reported which was associated with peptic ulcer and in which there was involvement of the ileum and pre-pyloric region of the stomach. Stomach involvement is a rare occurrence. Chronic pneumoperitoneum was also present. The mechanism of its occurrence is discussed.


The Test Cells that had been built and utilized for the previous study titled "An experimental study on variation of indoor radon concentration and soil gas analysis" was utilized for this study as well to find out what are the important differences in indoor radon concentration when the test cells are with or without basement. For this purpose, the basement was filled with imported soil after the previous study to have changes in substructure as follow; 1) filled up to 30cm below ground floor slab to make floating slab, 2) filled the unfilled space to make grade-on slab, and 3) substitute top 10cm thick soil with gravel underneath ground floor slab to provide high permeability. The indoor concentrations of ground floor at the above three status were measured and analyzed in regression method to compare with each other and with when the basement was not filled.


The invention discloses a novel gas detecting analysis alarm. The gas detecting analysis alarm comprises a housing, a preprocessed pipe body, a sensor, a gas intake pipe and an exhaust pipe, wherein a transmitter is mounted in the housing; a gas pump is fixed on the transmitter; a T-shaped partition plate is arranged in the preprocessed pipe body; a filter layer is arranged on the outer layer of the T-shaped partition plate; a ventilation terminal is arranged on the inner side end of the T-shaped partition plate; the ventilation terminal on the T-shaped partition plate is directly connected with the gas intake pipe; the gas intake pipe is connected with the gas intake end of the gas pump; the gas discharge end of the gas pump is connected with the exhaust pipe; the tail end of the exhaust pipe is located at the sensing end of the sensor; pores are formed in the lower end face of the preprocessed pipe body. Compared to the prior art, the structure of the novel gas detecting analysis alarm can prevent false alarm and zero drift due to impurities such as moisture and dust which enter the sensor; in the meantime, the pumping method is used to stably introduce the unstable gas flow into the front end of the sensor, so that the gas detection stability can be greatly improved.


The aim of this study is to optimize and construct an rfgun to be a source of femto-second electron bunches to produce coherent far infrared (FIR) radiation or femtosecond x-ray pulses. To produce ultra-short bunches we use an rf-gun with a magnetic bunch compression in the form of α -magnet. In this study we concentrate on the specific optimization of an rf-gun to produce femtosecond electron bunches. The optimum geometric and electric rf-gun specifications have been investigated through numerical simulation with the particle-in-cell code PARMELA. The numerical simulation show that the electron bunches from this optimum rf-gun as short as a few fs rms can be expected.


Summary Chemical enhanced oil recovery methods like alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding can yield high additional recoveries at the right conditions. But chemical floods are often cost intensive, and are limited to certain reservoir temperatures, water salinities, and so on. These restrictions reduce the number of reservoirs where chemical floods can be applied with highest performance. Surfactants are defined and well-known by their ability to lower the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water to ultra-low values and thereby mobilize the trapped oil. It is less known that due to their intrinsic properties surfactants and related chemicals can also be used to improve oil recovery via most other EOR techniques. They have the ability to decrease heavy oil viscosity, change reservoir wettability, reduce injection pressure, create stable foams, and increase miscibility. Hence, involving those materials in steam injection, gas/(sc)CO2 injection, solvent flooding, wettability alteration, or foam assisted procedures is an easy way to increase the economics of oil recovery processes even more if the injection facilities are already in place. This paper describes the physical principles of different EOR techniques and presents examples on how to select the best surfactant for each of the above applications by considering the varying requirements and limitations.


Background: Occurrence of anaemic retinopathy and conjunctival pallor is common in nutritional anaemia. Magnitude of retinal manifestations depends upon severity of anaemia. Retinal damage in anaemia occurs due to anoxia, venous stasis, angiospasm and increased capillary permeability. Methodology: Non interventional study was conducted in 48 adult patients diagnosed with nutritional anaemia in gynaecology, medicine and surgery department. Patients with diabetes, hypertension, anaemia other than nutritional causes and media opacities were excluded. After obtaining informed consent ocular examination was carried out with direct torch light illumination and direct ophthalmoscope. Fundus examination was done after dilatation of pupils with tropicamide (mydriatic) eye drops. Patients were examined in more detail in the Ophthalmology O.P.D (whenever possible). Results: Conjunctival pallor was the most common finding and was seen in all patients. Flame shaped retinal haemorrhages was the second most common finding and was seen in 37.50% of patients. Fundal pallor was the third common finding seen in 31.25%. Other ocular manifestations like lid edema, subconjunctival haemorrhage, papilledema, macular star, cotton wool spot etc were less common. Incidence and severityof retinal manifestations was more with more severe grades of anaemia. Conclusion: Anaemia can result in wide variety of ocular manifestations. Patients with conjunctival pallor should be evaluated for anaemia. Patients with moderate to very severe anaemia should undergo mandatory fundus examination for identification of anaemic retinopathy. Incidence and severity of retinal haemorrhages depends on severity of anaemia. Early recognition of retinal manifestation may help in early institution of treatment and thus early resolution of retinal changes.


Abstract : Several interesting mathematical problems concerned with partition into classes, and surface covering are suggested by the physical mechanisms and geometry of antibody attachment to virus particles. This paper outlines some of the recent work done in this area by Yassky (1962), the author (1965a, and b), Moran and Fazekas de St. Groth (1962) and Gilbert (1965), adds a model and other extensions of the author, and concludes with a suggestion for further investigations. The author has endeavoured throughout to hold the mathematical argument at a simple level, and to emphasize the model-building aspect of the work, in the hope that virologists may be tempted to use and perhaps verify experimentally some of the models put forward.


National report done by the Odysseus network for the European Commission on the implementation of the Directive on reception conditions for asylum seekers in: Sweden


An analytical expression was obtained for the dipole contribution to the surface potential of a highly polar liquid. This contribution was calculated for two water models (ST2 and TIP4P). The result was shown to depend on the parameter of the truncation of electrostatic interaction at short distances. However, appropriate choice of this parameter results in good agreement between theoretical result and the data of the numerical experiment.


Corus Cogifer has recently unveiled a new design for backdrive for switches. The system, in-bearer backdrive system (IBBS), uses proven techniques and components already employed on European rail networks. The manufacturer expects a cost reduction of 35% in comparison with existing steel in-bearer designs. IBBS uses solid concrete bearers, incorporating a 'notch' to house the drive and detection rodding, and is fully tampable, without the need to remove components.


Since the Pinochet dictatorship in the 1970s, Chile has carried out neoliberal reforms. Successive governments have promoted exports, reduced tariffs, welcomed foreign investment, and pursued bilateral and regional trade agreements, including the recent U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement. Unlike most countries in the region, these reforms have produced rapid growth. Real growth rates in the 1990s averaged 6 percent. Thanks in part to Chile's diverse trade relationships and its maintenance of capital controls – a notable area in which liberalization was limited – the financial crisis in Argentina did not affect Chile to the same extent it spread to Brazil and some other countries in the region.


The stress glut which is equivalent to the stress drop on the fault plane results in a slip between two sides of the fault at the focus. An alternative approach which has the same form as that of in plane shear crack in static case, has been proposed here as a time dependent dislocation model. The present model considers a buried elliptic in plane shear dislocation on an inclined plane. The crack or dislocation models are usually solved in an infinite medium. But, in this paper the problem has been solved in an elastic half space by computing the equivalent body force corresponding to the model and then finding the response of the medium to the equivalent body force. A series of transformations, followed by the traditional Cagniard-de-Hoop technique are used to com- pute the surface response due to the model. Various wave arrivals are discussed with graphical representations. The originality of the paper lies in the fact that for the first time an exact computation of the surface response due to a finite dislocation model on an inclined plane has been computed by Cagniard's approach.


type="main" xml:lang="en"> The multimarket contact hypothesis holds that more contacts between firms competing in the same markets may induce more collusion. This paper tests the hypothesis for the Italian banking market, analysing the behaviour of the largest Italian banks from 1990 to 1996. Market rivalry is gauged by changes in loan market shares and interest rates in each Italian province. We estimate the effects of increasing multimarket contacts, concentration indicators, banks' costs and loan demand on variations in market shares and interest rates. No support is found for the multimarket contact hypothesis. Geographical overlap in banking is positively correlated with changes in market shares, confirming the thesis of an overall increase in competition within the Italian banking system. Greater multimarket links also seem to correspond to lower lending rates. (J.E.L.:G21, C33, L40.)


What once was considered a nuisance in surface science, the spontaneous adsorption of water on surfaces, is now a key element to develop some nanolithographies based on the spatial confinement of chemical and/or electrochemical reactions within the limits of a nanoscale meniscus. In this chapter, I introduce some of the fundamental aspects of the field-induced formation of water and other liquid bridges between two solid surfaces. The role of the different energy contributions such as the condensation, surface, van der Waals, and electrostatic energies are discussed. Special attention is devoted to describe the formation of field-induced nanoscale liquid bridges in a force microscope interface. The last section of the chapter is devoted to introducing tip-based oxidation nanolithography. There, the control and manipulation of water bridges has enabled the fabrication of sophisticated electronic and


Objective  To compare in twin pregnancy the rate of deterioration in umbilical blood gas status during the second stage of labour, and to investigate whether the duration of the first twin's delivery has any effect on the blood gas status of the second twin.


A new switch-and-stay combining (SSC) scheme is proposed. In contrast to the traditional signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based SSC, the new SSC scheme employs the magnitude of the product of the fading factor and matched-filter output as the switch statistic. To illustrate the receiver performance of the new SSC scheme, the bit error rate (BER) of BPSK signalling is derived for the independent but not necessarily identical Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results based on the analytical result and simulation are presented. The simulation result validates the accuracy of the analysis. From the numerical comparison, the new SSC significantly outperforms the SNR-based SSC, and moreover it even has a better performance than the SNR-based selection combining (SC) for some range of the average SNR.


Retrospective data concerning 2,223 patients with fracture of the distal radius were related to the age- and sex-profiles of the population. Compared with observations from other countries, we found a similar sex ratio with a steep rise in fracture incidence in women after age 30-40. Our data did not permit calculation of absolute fracture incidence rates.


Abstract Benzimidazoles, one of the nitrogen heterocycles, possess pharmaceutical and biological potential. This heterocycle has been known for pharmacological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, and antiparasitic. The reports on the activities of the compounds containing this basic moiety are well-reported in the literature, specifically as anthelmintic and proton pump inhibitors. This review covers the synthesis of benzimidazole analogs by feasible methods from our laboratory. Also, the present review explores the recent reports on benzimidazole analogs designed as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral agents. Graphical Abstract


This article describes a conceptual design of an ultrahigh vacuum beam shutter for an insertion device beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. Various aspects of the design such as geometry, cooling arrangement, and material selection are optimized based on thermal and stress finite element analysis. The goal of the optimization is to assure survivability while maintaining a reasonably compact physical size.


The electrical transport characteristics of a quasi-one-dimensional Si-MOSFET with a dual-gate structure are studied. In this device, the width of the one-dimensional channel can be changed continuously using the field effect and the intervals between one-dimensional subbands as well. By making part of the channel narrower, strong oscillations in differential conductance, even negative differential conductance, have been observed at 4.2 K, indicating the enhanced modulation of the electron mobility by inter-subband scattering suppression.<<ETX>>


(Fe65Co35)0.42(SiO2)0.58 granular film consisting of FeCo nanoscale magnetic granules embedded in SiO2 matrix was fabricated by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Excellent soft magnetic properties with anisotropy field Hk = 3 820 Am-1, coercivity in easy axes low as to as 143 Am-1 and resistivity up to 13.4 mΩ·cm were obtained after the sample was annealed in a magnetic field at low temperature. At a frequency lower than 0.7 GHz, the real part μ′ of complex permeability of this sample is above 100 and the FMR frequency is as high as 1.8 GHz, implying a high cut-off frequency for high frequency applications, which makes it promising in the applications in high frequency device and anti-jamming technology. It was proved by ferromagnetic resonance that the good soft magnetic properties in this sample come from the ferromagnetic intergranular exchange coupling.


During the 17th century, there is a steady increase of references to emergency baptism in Spain. These references facilitate important insights into the circumstances of childbirth. The data reviewed in this paper mostly stems from the parish registers of San Justo y Pastor and San Pedro de Barajas, and they cover the years from 1611 to 1663. This information reveals some tendencies regarding the number and ratio of infants born in precarious conditions. Moreover, they enable us to widen the biographies of outstanding birth assistants who were active at that time. Interrogations carried out by the parish priest at the baptismal font widen our understanding of birthing scenarios and the actions of midwives. We conclude that the problem of baptism might help to grasp the relevance of religious preoccupations at all stages of procreation and obstetrical care.


In this article Ayer's criticisms of Russell's defense of scientific realism and his criticisms of Russell's rejection of naive realism are discussed. It is argued that Ayer's criticisms either lack force or depend for their validity on the assumption of existence of a clear cut distinction between conventional and factual issues, an assumption which is question begging with respect to his discussion of Russell.


Camptothecin possesses broad antitumor spectra on various cancers. In spite of its marked tumor suppressing potency, camptothecin is too hydrophobic to be solved in water, and therefore it is not currently in clinical use. CPT-11 (irinotecan) is one of the hydrophilic analogs of camptothecin and widely prescribed. However, its water-solubility is still low and furthermore, CPT-11 evokes severe diarrhea. Therefore, we designed and synthesized novel highly hydrophilic camptothecin-derivatives by conjugating SN38 with branched glycerol trimer (SN38-BGL), which we have been developing as a unique strategy to endow hydrophobic molecule with much hydrophilicity, to maximize the benefit of CPT-11 and minimize the adverse effects. The SN38-BGLs exhibited equivalent or slightly stronger tumor suppressing effects in murine xenograft human lung cancer models compared to CPT-11. However, neither early- nor late-onset diarrhea was observed when SN38-BGL was administrated. Heights of villi in jejunum and ileum were bigger than those from CPT-11-treated mice, indicating that SN38-BGL is less harmful than CPT-11. Ex vivo digestion by liver microsome did not yield SN38 but a couple of other molecules against our expectations, which suggests involvement of other active metabolites than SN38 and may explain the differences. Hence, SN38-BGLs can be novel hydrophilic camptothecin-derivatives without causing severe diarrhea.


To push forward the rule of law in socialist China, it is necessary to build up a contingent of legal professionals. Therefore the permission system of the occupation of law plays the kernel role in the structure of the government of law. This paper makes a comparative study of the permission systems among the principal countries of the two legal systems, and puts forward some suggestions on how to construct and improve the permission system in China.


The role of innovation in improving productivity might vary according to a country's relative position in technology advancement. Frontier countries might benefit more from policies that promote firms'internal innovation (create), while follower countries would gain more from policies favoring the adoption of existing technologies through innovation outsourcing (buy). However, in many countries, the government policies to promote innovation narrowly focus on"creating,"regardless of considerations of the level of a country's technological advancement. This paper investigates the effect of different sources of innovation on output via productivity with representative manufacturing firms in Tunisia from 1997 to 2007. It finds that"buying"has a positive effect on productivity whereas"creating"does not, which might imply that Tunisian firms do not invest sufficiently in"creating,"or that"creating"is more difficult for Tunisian firms because they might be too far from the technology frontier. Meanwhile, there is no synergy from using both sources of innovation simultaneously ?- a finding that counters literature suggesting that"creating"could enhance firms'absorptive capacity. The paper considers the possibility that"creating"and"buying"substitute for each other in Tunisia, where resources are limited, assuming the effect of innovation is not linear or requires a certain amount of investment (threshold) to positively affect productivity. The estimation result using the Tobit model supports this assumption. The findings suggest that innovation policy in Tunisia should emphasize adoption and adaptation, rather that creation and innovation. To encourage firms'"buying,"the government can promote exports and workers'skills, whereas incentives that encourage firms to hire more technicians or to acquire foreign investment might not be efficient ways to encourage"buying."Moreover, the fact that there is a minimum requirement (threshold) for innovation investment suggests that policies that aim to reduce this threshold or support firms around this threshold could catalyze the innovation investment.


A light device includes a substrate on which a light source is provided; and a positional information transmitter that is provided on a surface of the substrate on which the light source is provided and transmits predetermined positional information to a terminal device.


Abstract An "eye‐spotted" beach ball and a commercially available deterrent eye‐spot ball significantly reduced the number of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) visiting a bird table to feed. The commercial ball had a greater deterrent effect than the beach ball at all four distances tested (10, 20, 30, and 40 m). The deterrent effect of both balls decreased with distance from the table, and was neglible at c. 40 m. Deterrence was increased 10% by illuminating the eyes with a rotating halogen light and by reinforcing the visual stimulus with alarm calls of blackbirds (Turdus merula), house sparrows, and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), but declined with continuous use, and disappeared altogether after 9 days. Eye‐spot beach balls in a vineyard significantly reduced landings by song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) for 2 weeks, and landings by blackbirds, house sparrows, and starlings for 3 weeks. They failed, however, in the fourth week when the grapes were fully ripe and most in need of protection. Eye‐spot bal...


Let $f$ be a real polynomial function with $n$ variables and $S$ be a basic closed semialgebraic set in $\Bbb{R}^n$. In this paper, we are interested in the problem of identifying the type (local minimizer, maximizer or not extremum point) of a given isolated KKT point $x^*$ of $f$ over $S.$ To this end, we investigate some properties of the tangency variety of $f$ on $S$ at $x^*,$ by which we introduce the definition of faithful radius of $f$ over $S$ at $x^*.$ Then, we show that the type of $x^*$ can be determined by the global extrema of $f$ over the intersection of $S$ and the Euclidean ball centered at $x^*$ with a faithful radius. Finally, we propose an algorithm involving algebraic computations to compute a faithful radius of $x^*$ and determine its type.


© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2021. Reuse permitted under CC BYNC. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. DESCRIPTION A 68yearold man with atrial fibrillation, morbid obesity, heart failure and venous stasis dermatitis presented to the emergency department after a presyncopal episode. On arrival he was febrile, hypotensive, tachycardic and found to have leucocytosis, which led to concerns for septic shock. Blood cultures grew group C Streptococcus, prompting treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone. Physical examnation showed extensive bilateral leg swelling with extreme hyperpigmented skin accompanied by multiple keratotic papules and plaques draining white malodorous discharge (figure 1). The patient reported the discharge started 6 months prior, while the nodules developed over the course of 2 years and extended from the malleolus to a few centimetres below the knee. These findings were suggestive of the diagnosis of elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) superimposed on chronic venous stasis dermatitis. The patient received aggressive diuresis to address the heart failure exacerbation, which led to reduced swelling of his bilateral lower extremities and flattening of the papules and plaques (figure 2). ENV is a rare complication of nonfilarial chronic secondary lymphoedema that can be caused by conditions impairing lymphatic drainage including recurring erysipelas and cellulitis, congestive heart failure, obesity and chronic venous stasis. Additionally, ENV can be caused by malignancies such as lymphoma, which can impede lymphatic drainage, and softtissue trauma which can introduce bacteria to cause infections. In particular, obesity and congestive heart failure are two causes of secondary lymphoedema which have increasing prevalence in the USA and can be expected to accompany ENV more frequently in the future. ENV is a progressive condition that can lead to irreversible disfiguring skin changes and interfere with ambulation. This case reports sepsis as a consequence of streptococcus skin infection in a patient with ENV, further highlighting the importance of early identification and intervention.


Tensile and / or power transmission means of elastomer material, in particular in a traction mechanism, wherein the tensile and / or power transmission means strength carrier in the shape eingebundener cords in each of which one or more shaped and aligned fiber bundle or filament yarns are disposed, which at least partially carbon fibers as have filaments and in which the carbon fibers are formed into the shape and orientation prior to its carbonation which they occupy in the fiber bundles, or filament yarns of the cord.


OBJECTIVES: Infertility is the inability to conceive after a 12 months and longer of having unprotected intercourse and it affects 15% of couples who are in their reproductive ages. Male infertility is responsible for half of all infertile patients. It is know that over the past 50 years infertility rate has increased by 30% and human sperm concentration showed a 50% decrease. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results of semen analysis and to determine the guiding effects of fertilization for alcohol and tobacco use in infertile males. MATRERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective study on two of the most common unhealthy habits tobacco and alcohol addiction, and their effects on male fertility Tobacco smoking is remarkably common in the world; a wide health problem, given the well-known ill-effects on reproductive and sexual function. Alcohol consumption is frequently noted socially acceptable, but its negative effects of gonadal function have been systematically reported in the last years. Alcohol consumption is often considered socially acceptable, but negative effects of gonadal function are frequently reported in recent years. In this study, the relationship between alcohol and cigarette consumption and semen quality of 426 infertile male patients who applied to Biruni University for infertility treatment was determined by statistical analysis methods of syllable analysis. Our study was compared with the Student t test, which tested the independent two-group averages. RESULTS: The levels of FSH in alcohol and cigarette users were significantly lower than those in smokers and non-smokers, and sperm motility was significantly decreased in smokers and smokers. A dramatic decrease in alcohol and smokers was observed in sperm counts after washing, but it was shown that especially sperm rates of smokers decreased significantly only when the semen analysis of individuals who were smoking users were evaluated. CONCLUSION: Our results show that smoking caused a significant decrease on semen volume. In the light of the data obtained from this study, it was understood that the short-term effects of alcohol and smoking were especially on sperm functions. We believe that the data obtained as a result of this study will provide a basis for more comprehensive studies with more examples.


Hydrogen uptake by Azospirillum brasilense was studied in N2-fixing and NH4Cl-grown batch cultures. The Km for H2 of uptake hydrogenase (O2-dependent H3H uptake) in whole cells was 9 µM. In N2-flxi...


Background: Mismatch repair genes fix problems that arise during deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication when bases are incorrectly paired, as well as preventing microsatellite instability. Mutations are associated with an increased malignancy risk, including colorectal carcinoma. There are conflicting reports concerning colorectal carcinoma with and without mismatch repair gene mutations in association with disease outcome. Objective: To correlate mismatch repair gene defects with the outcomes of colorectal carcinoma patients having undergone adjuvant chemotherapy containing 5-fluorouracil. Materials and methods: The records of all stage II, III and IV colorectal carcinoma cases treated at Songklanagarind Hospital from 1994-2003 were examined for the study. There were 140 patients and all had received adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. The mismatch repair gene proteins mutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2 ( E. coli ) (MLH1) and mutS homolog 2, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 1 ( E. coli ) (MSH2) in tumor cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Negative staining confirmed abnormalities in or complete loss of mismatch repair genes. Survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox Proportional Hazards regression. Results: Mismatch repair gene defects were detected in 36 cases (25.7%): only MLH1 defects in 15 cases (10.7%), only MSH2 defects in 10 cases (7.1%), and both MLH1 and MSH2 defects in 11 cases (7.8%). Survival analysis showed no significant differences between mutated mismatch repair gene patients and normal mismatch repair gene patients (95% CI=0.35 to 0.67, p=0.54). Conclusion: Mismatch repair gene defects do not predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.


The purpose of this thesis is to describe the architectural models of four selected Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) Web tier frameworks. The approach to the subject is a conceptualanalytical research with a focus on the application concerns the different frameworks promote. The thesis begins with an introduction to frameworks and the basic categorization into Blackbox and Whitebox frameworks. An introduction to the J2EE with a focus on the Servlet framework and the general J2EE application model follows. After that the chosen frameworks are presented. JavaServer Faces and the Portlet framework as frameworks from Sun Microsystems and Jakarta Struts and Apache Cocoon from the Apache Software Foundation cover most of the current framework extensions for the J2EE Web tier. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the results and presents a compact evaluation of the frameworks with a focus on possible future scenarios.


ON 19 May 1989 Nauru filed an application instituting proceedings against Australia, relying on the parties' declarations under Article 36.2 of the Statute as jurisdictional title. The essence of Nauru's claim is that Australia breached the trusteeship obligations it had accepted in relation to Nauru under Article 76 of the UN Charter and under Articles 3 and 5 of the Trusteeship Agreement, as well as obligations owed under general international law, by failing to rehabilitate land from which phosphate was extracted before Nauru achieved independence in 1968. A point of great significance to the preliminary objections phase of this case is that Australia was not the sole trustee of Nauru. Article 2 of the Trusteeship Agreement provided: "The Governments of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom (hereinafter the 'Administering Authority') are hereby designated as the joint Authority which will exercise the administration of the Territory." This mirrored the arrangements made in the tripartite 1919 Nauru Island Agreement to discharge performance of the mandate granted over Nauru in favour of "His Britannic Majesty". Until control of the phosphate industry was .transferred to the Nauruan Local Government Council (NLGC) in 1967, extraction was also regulated by the 1919 Agreement which had created the British Phosphate Commissioners. This comprised three members, one appointed by each State party, whose task was to work and dispose of the phosphate principally "for the purposes of the agricultural requirements of the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand". Nauru achieved independence on 31 January 1968. In 1981, when the British Phosphate Commissioners' functions on Christmas Island came to an end, the three participating governments decided to wind up the Commissioners' affairs and divide between themselves the remaining liabilities and assets. This was effected by an agreement of 9 February 1987, which expressly terminated the 1919 Nauru Island Agreement. Time limits for filing the Nauruan memorial and Australian counter-memorial were fixed by an order dated 18 July 1989. The memorial was deposited in good time, but contained a new submission in which Nauru also requested the Court to adjudge and declare that it was entitled to the Australian share of the assets of the


ultrasonography. Initially, we administered antibiotics under the diagnosis of mastitis. After unsuccessful treatment of the mastitis, an oncology consultation was ob-tained. In October 2013, a breast mass was found unexpectedly, close to the nipple of the left breast, on abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for follow-up of a hepatic tumor. The breast mass showed similar findings on breast contrast-enhanced MRI. Although incisional biopsy did not reveal a definitive diagnosis, angiosarcoma was suspected based on the pathological findings. Therefore, we performed left mastectomy with removal of the silicone gel bag. Finally, the tumor was confirmed as angiosarcoma. She is currently without evidence of disease recurrence.


In order to trade mineral resources with North Korea in the future, this study analyzed the spatial distribution of mines and transportation infrastructures in the country, evaluating their relationships. A geographic information system database of the mines and transportation infrastructures was built from a variety of data, and a connectivity analysis of minerals with high domestic demand was conducted. The optimal route connecting the mine to the nearest port and railway junction was investigated, and the analysis revealed that mineral resources can be transported to facilities (e.g., ports) after accessing the railway through the road. The accessibilities of the railway junctions and of the ports were evaluated, confirming that the mine to the west has a good connectivity with the Songlim Port, while the mine to the east can be connected to the Dancheon, Wonsan, and Chongjin ports.


The topic of this article was chosen in connection with the widespread introduction and use of information technologies in the educational process. This topic is relevant, as there is gradual computerization of teaching specific disciplines. Also, the relevance of the research problem is since the integration of new information and pedagogical technologies contribute to the creation of a humanistic educational environment in which an active personality develops, who can acquire knowledge and apply it, generate his own ideas. Let's highlight two main ideas. First, the need for a variety of learning environments. The use of ICT tools contributes to this. Secondly, the requirement to individualize teaching, to adapt it to the cognitive needs and interests of the learners. And this problem can be effectively solved by ICT.


. We consider a problem on analytic classification of semi-hyperbolic maps on the plane for an example of the simplest class of germs, namely, the class of germs that are formally equivalent to F 𝜆 , which is the unit time shift along the vector field 𝑥 2 𝜕𝜕𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 𝜕𝜕𝑦 , 𝜆 ∈ R + ). A key step in the classification is an analytic normalization of the germs on sectorial domains forming a cut neighbourhood of the origin ( C 2 , 0) ∖{ 𝑥 = 0 } . For this class, in the present work, we prove a theorem on a sectorial analytic normalization in the half-neighbourhood invariant with respect to F − 1 𝜆 . We also show that a formal normalizing change of the coordinates is asymptotic for the constructed sectorial normalizing change.


Most of the solids discussed so far have been molecules or ions with low molecular masses, ranging from tens to hundreds of atomic mass units. Many of the molecular materials in consumer goods today, however, have very high molecular masses, ranging from thousands to millions of atomic mass units, and are formed from a carefully controlled series of reactions that produce giant molecules called polymersA giant molecule that consists of many basic structural units (monomers) connected in a chain or network by covalent bonds. (from the Greek poly and meros, meaning "many parts"). Polymers are used in corrective eye lenses, plastic containers, clothing and textiles, and medical implant devices, among many other uses. They consist of basic structural units called monomersThe basic structural unit of a polymer., which are repeated many times in each molecule. As shown schematically in Figure 8.8.1 , polymerizationA process by which monomers are connected into chains or networks by covalent bonds. is the process by which monomers are connected into chains or networks by covalent bonds. Polymers can form via a condensation reaction, in which two monomer molecules are joined by a new covalent bond and a small molecule such as water is eliminated, or by an addition reaction, a variant of a condensation reaction in which the components of a species AB are added to adjacent atoms of a multiple bond. Many people confuse the terms plastics and polymers. PlasticThe property of a material that allows it to be molded into almost any shape. is the property of a material that allows it to be molded into almost any shape. Although many plastics are polymers, many polymers are not plastics. In this section, we introduce the reactions that produce naturally occurring and synthetic polymers.


The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different treatments of udder stimulation on day to day variations in milk parameters in cross bred cows. In group T1, milk yield was positively (P<0.01) correlated with main milking phase, total milking time and average milk flow rate. Milking duration was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with total milking time and average milk flow rate. Total milking time was showed positive (P<0.01) correlation with average milk flow rate. Fat percentage had positive (P<0.05) correlation with SNF (r=0.46). Significantly (P<0.05) positive correlation was observed between total solids with lactose and ash content. SNF was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with acidity. Specific gravity was positively (r=0.59) correlated with total solids. In T2, milk yield was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with main milking phase, total milking time, average milk flow rate (r = 0.99) and negatively (P<0.05) correlated with fat percentage. Main milking phase had positive correlation with total milking time and average milk flow rate and negative correlation with fat percentage. Total milking time was significantly correlated with average milk flow rate. Average milk flow rate had negative correlation with fat percentage (r=-0.71). In T3, milk yield was significantly correlated with main milking phase, total milking time and average milk flow rate and negatively with fat percentage (r=-0.55). Total milking time and average milk flow rate were positively correlated with main milking phase and milking duration was negatively correlated with fat percentage (r=-0.54). Total milking time was positively correlated with average milk flow rate and negatively correlated with fat. Fat percentage was negatively correlated with average milk flow rate was with. Ash content and acidity were positively correlated with total solids.


THE PAST FEW YEARS have witnessed an increased tempo in tuberculosis-prevention measures. Diagnostic programmes of various types such as regular chest clinics, community and industrial surveys, routine hospital admission chest radiography, routine pre-employment chest radiography and the examination of other special groups have been highly developed. Both official and voluntary agencies have contributed large amounts of money to finance these programmes. The expense and effort required to carry on this work have assumed large proportions, and it is essential that they be utilized to the best advantage in order to ensure maximum results. There has been a decided change in the tuberculosis situation in recent years. A shift towards the older age groups in the development of new disease and a rapid decline in the death rate from tuberculosis without a comparable decrease in the known incidence are some of the factors indicating a change which warrants close attention. It is fallacious to base the value of different diagnostic programmes solely on a comparison of the number of cases found. Each has its particular merit and meets a special need there being many avenues of approach to case nding, all of which have the objective of finding the unsuspected case of tuberculosis. Definite information on the tuberculosis problem in a given area is necessary so that each diagnostic programme can receive due recognition. The problem, therefore, is how best to utilize the various methods at our disposal. In order to accomplish this end, it is important that we understand the role of


Westbrook claimed that Centrelink had overstated income amounts earned by his wife during the 13-week period commencing on 27 March 2009 and therefore underpaid his age pension entitlement during those periods.


The Rigvedic meters that figure most prominently in this study are the "dimeter" meters gāyatrī and anuṣṭubh.1 Both meters employ the same octosyllabic pāda (verse-line). The rhythm of the pāda is underlyingly iambic. As the poets approach the end of the pāda, they regulate syllable weight more strictly, and the iambic rhythm emerges more clearly. All pāda-final syllables count as long/ heavy. A rough approximation of the surface rhythm of the pāda will serve our current purposes: × – × – ⏑ – ⏑ –. The gāyatrī stanza consists of three such pādas, the anuṣṭubh of four.


Shaft vibration of large steam turbine has a characteristic of sub-Gausian signal with predominant component of rotating speed and its harmonics. Most of faults occurred on shaft indicate the change of harmonics with nonlinear coupling reciprocity from each other, that makes it difficulty to identify the fault source and extract the fault feature from vibration signals by means of power spectra analysis based on second-order statistical analysis. This paper took a non-stable vibration phenomenon of a large steam turbine as a example and made use of high-order statistical analysis to determine the characteristic of fault with half harmonic. By comparing the bispectra and 1(1/2) dimension spectra of vibration signals under stable station with unstable station, the feature of nonlinear coupling of harmonics of this fault component was analyzed. A method for fault feature extraction was proposed by using the corresponding component in side-spectra of bispectra and in 1(1/2) dimension spectra as feature values to monitor the trend of unstable vibration. Results show that those values are more sensitive to fault and can reduce the noise in vibration signals, so as are suitable for automatic diagnosis of fault.


The traditional control charts produce frequent false alarm signals in the presence of autocorrelation. The implementation of the modified chart scheme is a way of handling the problem of autocorrelation in control charts. In modified charts, the standard control limits of the traditional charts are adjusted to offset the influence because of the autocorrelation. The exponentially weighted moving average– and cumulative sum–modified charts are 2 widely used charts for monitoring autocorrelated data. These charts have design parameters in their formulation, and the choice of these parameters play significant roles in the detection of out‐of‐control situations. In reality, the magnitude of the mean shift is uncertain, and this leads to a difficulty in the choice of design parameters by the practitioner. The use of optimal parameters can enhance process performance in such situations. In this paper, we determine optimal design parameters for the charts using an exhaustive search procedure. In the optimization process, we determine the parameters that produce the smallest extra quadratic loss (EQL) value for each autocorrelation coefficient. This criterion measures the anticipated loss attributed to poor quality in the process. The loss in quality is lowered by minimizing the EQL and the combination of parameters in the chart that yields the smallest EQL has a better detection ability over the entire shift range. For the purpose of this work, we concentrate on autocorrelation that can be specifically modelled with autoregressive models. This article provides the practitioner with optimal parameters that can be used to enhance the overall effectiveness of the charts over an entire shift range.


Recent standards reform documents across the globe have called for statistical literacy by the end of high school. Thus, it is important for teachers to develop a deep understanding of the content. Despite the relatively thick literature base connecting students' content knowledge and reasoning, research on these connections among practicing teachers is in critical need. Our study contributes to this lack of research by examining the knowledge structures and statistical reasoning—and possible ways knowledge structures supported reasoning—of a stratified purposeful sample of nine middle and secondary mathematics teachers as they responded to released items from the Levels of Conceptual Understanding in Statistics (LOCUS) assessment during two 60–90 minute task-based clinical interviews. Knowledge structures were categorized as compatible-connected, incompatible-connected, and incompatible-disconnected. Teachers with less incompatible knowledge elements in their structures engaged more frequently in reasoning coded as sound. However, teachers frequently engaged in both sound and unsound forms of reasoning on the same task item. Implications are offered for teacher education and future research.


[This long article is a part of Martyr Murtada Mutahhari's book Ashna'i ba 'ulum-e Islami (An Introduction to the Islamic Sciences). The book consists of seven parts: (1) logic (2) philosophy (3) al-kalam(Muslim scholastic philosophy) (4) 'irfan (Islamic mysticism) (5) usul-e fiqh (the principles of jurisprudence) (6) fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) (7) hikmat-e 'amali' (practical philosophy or practical morality). All the seven parts together serve both as a comprehensive survey of the fundamentals of different branches of Islamic sciences and a general and comprehensive perspective for the proper understanding of the basic teachings of Islam along with the main points of difference among various sects of Muslims. This work of Martyr Mutahhari is the best introduction to Islamic philosophy and jurisprudence. From this view, Ashna'i ba 'ulum-e Islami deserves to be prescribed as the basic text for all the students of Islamic studies. It is also very useful for non-specialists who wish to acquaint themselves with Islam. All the introductory books written so far are either by the Orientalists and are naturally biased and fail to give true picture of the development of different Islamic sciences or are written by Muslim scholars who consciously or unknowingly incorporate in the body of books certain misleading notions propagated by the Western scholars of Islam about Muslirn philosophy and its various branches. It also can be said with some justification that no other available introductory text in this field covers all Muslim sects and their specific views. Martyr Murtada Mutahhari's exposition and evaluation of various theories is objective and unbiased, which is the most essential condition for a book to be prescribed as an introductory text.


Nickel deposited on carbon has been used as adsorbent to recover Zn (II) from aqueous system. The adsorbent was synthesized by depositing nickel nitrate on carbon under inert conditions and decomposing it to nickel by raising the temperature, washing and vacuum drying. Various techniques including XRD, FTIR, and SEM were employed for its characterization. FTIR showed that the nickel deposition enhanced the carbon functionalization due to presence of OH, C=O and C-O groups.Average crystallite size ofabout 9 nm was determined from XRD. Nickel deposition resulted in further division particles as indicated from the morphological study. Zn (II) was subjected to adsorptionon the synthesized adsorbent. It was observed that the rate of adsorption increased significantly on the nickel deposited carbon than the carbon alone. Morris-Weber, Lagergren and Reichenberg models were applied to find out the type and rate of adsorption employingfirst and second order rate equations.The adsorption data were applied toLangmuir, Freundlich and D-R isotherms and values of isotherm constants were calculated and were higher for Ni/C than carbon alone. The mean free energy of zinc sorption on carbon and Ni/C are 16.67 and 18.26 kJmol-1 which shows chemisorption. Thermodynamic studies were done to find out the effect of temperature on sorption. Positive values of ΔH and negative values of ΔG show endothermic and spontaneous type of sorption.


Cytoglobin (Cygb), like other members of the globin family, is a nitric oxide (NO) dioxygenase, metabolizing NO in an oxygen (O2)‐dependent manner. We examined the effect of modification of cysteine sulfhydryl groups of Cygb on its O2 binding and NO dioxygenase activity. The two cysteine sulfhydryls of Cygb were modified to form either an intramolecular disulfide bond (Cygb_SS), thioether bonds to N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM; Cygb_SC), or were maintained as free SH groups (Cygb_SH). It was observed that the NO dioxygenase activity of Cygb only slightly changed (~ 25%) while the P50 of O2 binding to Cygb changed over four‐fold with these modifications. Our results suggest that it is possible to separately regulate one Cygb function (such as O2 binding) without largely affecting the other Cygb functions (such as its NO dioxygenase activity).


A new study in JAMA Internal Medicine shows how to keep urinary catheters from posing a risk to the 1.4 million Americans currently in long-term and post-acute care. The study reported results from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Safety Program for Long-Term Care, which focused on reducing catheterassociated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and other health care– associated infections. The project adapted principles and methods


In semiconductor devices, low-frequency noise typically results from fluctuations in the number of carriers due to charge exchange between the channel and defects at or near a critical semiconductor/insulator interface. Measurements of noise magnitude and its temperature and/or voltage dependence often enable estimates of the effective energy distributions of defects that lead to 1/f noise. The microstructures of several defects and/or impurities that cause noise in microelectronic devices and materials have been identified via experiments and first-principles calculation. Examples are shown for Si- and SiC-based MOS devices and GaN-based HEMTs.


Embryos of the marine cheilo‐ctenostome bryozoan Bugula neritina undergo a marked increase in volume (about 500‐fold) during embryogenesis while being retained in a brood chamber. Previous morphological studies indicate that shortly after transfer of the zygote to the brood chamber, the epithelium of the maternally‐derived portion of the brood chamber, the ooecial vesicle, differentiates in regions adjacent to the embryonary space from a squamous to a columnar form suggesting that the parent is involved as a source of extraembryonic nutrients required for the extensive growth of the embryo.


Numerical analysis was presented in this current work for fluid flow and a steady natural convection heat transfer in a graphite/epoxy laminated composite annulus enclosure of three dimensions. Carbon nanotubes with base fluid of water and ethylene glycol were considered for simulation. The nanofluid flow pass through glass beads like a porous medium in the midst of two horizontal coaxial cylinders, in addition to fins which were attached to the inner hot cylinder. The solution of governing equations was presented by using finite difference approximation; furthermore, the results were gotten by employing the MATLAB software. The results described in expressions of local Nusselt number, temperature fields and the rate of Nusselt number on the hot wall and cold wall cylinders with developed Rayleigh number (10 Ra 1000), nanotubes volume fraction (0   0.4), and abased fluid of ethylene glycol and water in percent of (0 EG  90). It could be concluded that by raising the Rayleigh number, the rate Nusselt number increased. Moreover, adding of carbon nanotubes on base fluid cause to improve flow strength with the heat transfer. The main reason of the improvement of heat transfer was the presence of carbon nanotubes with high value of Rayleigh number which was more considerable than carbon nanotubes with low value of Rayleigh number.


— Surveillance is an important component of secure infrastructure. People need to ensure that their properties, homes, friends, families, and valuables are protected from intruders. In this article, we developed an enhanced background subtraction algorithm for smart surveillance of homes under changes in illumination. An adaptive Gaussian Mixture technique was applied to improve the conventional background subtraction technique for smart surveillance system by reducing false positives and improving the system performance in motion detection. The developed smart surveillance system has the ability to send notifications containing intruder's image to registered email account and short message system to registered phone number whenever motion is detected. The performance evaluation of developed algorithm showed a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 92% and an accuracy of 95.56%. This system works in conditions of illumination changes and can be adopted in motion detection for home surveillance..


A nitride semiconductor light-emitting device comprising a substrate, which is incorporated in the first conductive semiconductor layer, the nitride semiconductor light-emitting layer and the second conductive semiconductor layer, adjacent to the first surface of the second conductive semiconductor layer at least a portion of the transparent electrode, and a second electrode adjacent to the first conductive semiconductor layer, wherein said substrate having a first surface, said first surface having a peripheral portion is removed by the device in the a first region of the first portion of the nitride semiconductor layer exposed by removing the exposed and adjacent said peripheral portion except the second device said at least part of the transparent electrode layer through the nitride semiconductor substrate the second region. A method for manufacturing a device, which includes removing a first portion of said substrate until the peripheral portion of the device in the nitride semiconductor layer is exposed to form a first exposed region, and removing in addition to the peripheral portion of said device adjacent to said at least a second portion of the transparent electrode layer, the nitride semiconductor until reaching the substrate to form a second exposed region, wherein the laser light using a combination of removing the wet etching for removing the respective steps.


Review of the Neframi's collected volume "Objectifs et competences dans l'Union europeenne". The book is the product of a conference held at the Paris 13 University, and it is intended to broadly reflect on the interplay between the EU's objectives and its competences – the two essential components of the principle of conferral as conceived and enshrined inArticle 5(2)TEU: "Under the principle of conferral, the Union shall act only within the limits of the competences conferred upon it by the Member States in the Treaties to attain the objectives set out therein."


NOTE: Pages 278, 280b, 282 have duplicate pagination. Pages 276 and 281 have been removed by Dr. Lederberg and reconstituted
 as part of his laboratory notebook, "Enzyme Experiments."


Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was applied to photostability studies on rac‐nicardipine, a dihydropyridine chiral drug. CE methods were developed able to provide the enantioresolution of drug and its separation from the photodegradation products. Enantioresolution was achieved using 5% sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin (S‐β‐CD) as chiral selector in 20 mM triethanolammonium phosphate solution (pH 3). The photostability studies were carried out on inclusion complexes of rac‐nicardipine with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) in aqueous solutions (pH 7.4 and 5). The CE analysis of the solutions exposed to UV‐A and UV‐B radiations showed a photoprotective effect by β‐CD; conversely, HP‐β‐CD proved to favor the drug photodegradation. Moreover, evidences for CDs‐mediated stereoselective photodegradation of rac‐nicardipine were obtained. In fact, two distinct photodegradation profiles were observed for the nicardipine enantiomers in the presence of the CDs. The photodegradation was found to follow an apparent first‐order kinetics and two different kinetic constants (k) were obtained for the two enantiomers. After exposure to UV‐A and UV‐B radiations, the solutions contained residual nicardipine with a significant change in the enantiomeric ratio; this effect was depending on the CD used for the inclusion complexation.


Based on physical process of nucleation and growth of grains and basic transfer equations such as heat and solute transfer equations,We develop a Cellular Automaton(CA) model for the three-dimensional simulation of microstructure,microsegregation and free dendritic growth of aluminium alloys. The growth of the dendritic is controlled by CA method. Different from the classical cellular automata in which only the temperature field is calculated,this model includes both the solute diffusion in liquid and in solid and curvature undercooling,which have vital influence on the evolution of microstucture. The relationship between the growth velocity of a dendrite tip and the local undercooling is calculated according to the KGT(Kurz-Giovanola-Trivedi) model. The finite difference method is used to calculate the temperature and solute fields in the calculation domain. The model is applied to predict the microstructure,such as growth of single crystal,growth of multi-crystal. Simulated results show that the nucleation,growth of single crystal,and multi-crystal and microstructure evolution of free dendritic crystal could be predicted reasonably. The calculated results are coincident with actual phenomena.(3.


Background: Several clinical decision rules have been developed to help practitioners avoid futile resuscitative efforts after in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCA). One parsimonious decision rule, developed and validated by van Walraven and colleagues (Arch Int Med, 1999; JAMA 2001) was highly predictive of survival to discharge after IHCA in a small sample. However, it's large-scale applicability remains unknown. Hypothesis: The model will continue to perform well in the context of a diverse population and among contemporary hospitals. Methods: We examined the model's sensitivity and specificity for predicting survival to discharge after IHCA in 75,272 patients from 372 US hospitals within the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry. The model defines a chance of survival if the arrest met any one of the following three conditions: 1) was witnessed or monitored, 2) initial rhythm was ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, or 3) was less than 10 minutes in duration. We compared observed...


Objectives: Traumatic joint injury results in an acute inflammatory response. If uncontrolled, this can progress to chronic inflammation, which can expedite the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Normal synovium plays an important protective role for cartilage, while inflamed synovium can lead to degenerative changes. Previous studies have investigated the cartilage-synovium in limited conditions, but the effect of normal synovium on damaged cartilage remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of normal synovium on two types of damaged cartilage: IL-1β or impaction-induced. Methods: Fresh human tali and distal femoral condyles were obtained from 7 human donors (mean age; 39 years-old, 4 male and 3 female) with no history of joint disease. Gross morphology was assessed using Collins grading 0-4 and only normal joints of grade 0-1 were used. Two damage models were introduced: 1) treatment with IL-1β (10ng/ml) at 48 hours before co-culture; or 2) controlled mechanical impaction (600 N within 2 ms). Cartilage explants (8mm) and grossly normal synovium (8 mm) from both joints were harvested and randomized to one of six treatment groups (n = 5 in each group): non-treated cartilage without or with synovium (Group 1 or 2), IL-1β-treated cartilage without or with synovium (Group 3 or 4), impacted cartilage without or with synovium (Group 5 or 6). Samples were collected at 0, 2, and 14 days and assessed for the percentage of live cells and histology with Safranin O staining. Cell survival was measured using calcein AM and ethidium bromide homodimer-1. Image analysis was performed on the superficial and middle/deep zone. Live cells were counted using Image J. Histological grading was based on modified Mankin score. The level of significance for all analysis was set at P < .05. Results: The percentage of live cells in Group 1 was mostly unchanged, 79.9 - 87.9% in the superficial layer and >90% in the middle/deep layer with no significant differences between Group 1 and 2 (Figure 1). All damaged cartilage displayed elevated cell death, especially in the superficial layer at all time points (Group 3; 56.4 ± 20.0%, 44.5 ± 11.5%, and 57.6 ± 16.3%, Group 5; 14.8 ± 5.3, 12.8 ± 13.2%, and 20.1 ± 4.1%, respectively). In the presence of synovium, chondrocyte survival significantly increased at 2 and 14 days (Group 4; 75.3 ± 4.7% and 77.8 ± 7.8%, P < 0.01 and 0.02, Group 6; 31.8 ± 13.7% and 33.4 ± 14.3%, P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). By contrast, the percentage of cells in the middle/deep layer remained unchanged for both damaged cartilage with or without synovium. For histological analysis, non-treated cartilage (Group 1 and 2) had a normal structure through 14 days. Mankin score progressively increased in damaged cartilage (Group 3; 1.0 ± 1.41, 2.2 ± 1.8, and 3.25 ± 1.64, Group 5; 3.0 ± 1.2, 3.6 ± 1.1, and 4.6 ± 0.5 at 0, 2, and 14 days). In the presence of synovium, Mankin score decreased at 2 and 14 days (Group 4; 0.8 ± 1.3, and 0.8 ± 0.8, P = 0.087 and < 0.01, Group 6; 1.0 ± 0.0 and 1.6 ± 0.5, P =0.02 and < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that healthy synovium is protective of damaged cartilage as evidenced by increased cell viability, especially in the superficial layer. These findings suggested that the inhibition of inflammation by normal synovium may lead to both the recovery of damaged cartilage and prevention of PTOA. In the future, the underlying mechanism responsible for the interaction between the normal synovium and damaged cartilage needs to be addressed.


Objective To establish the method of determination of puerarin content,the main ingredient of Chinese herbal patent,Jing Kang Jiaonang with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Methods Betasil chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)was adopted,the detective wavelength was 250 nm,mobile phase was methanol-water(25∶75),and the flow rate was 1 mL/min.Results Good linear relation of puerarin was obtained in the range of 0.14 μg to 0.694 μg.Correlation coefficient r=0.999 853,the average recovery rate was 102.51%,and RSD=1.24%.Conclusion The method is high in sensitivity,strong in specialty and good in reproducibility.By the observation of puerarin contents of several batches of samples,it figures out that this method can be taken as one of the indexes to evaluate the quality of the preparation.


Network operators seek more flexibility with solutions like Network Function Virtualization and Service Function Chain- ing (SFC). Thanks to these techniques operators can define on-the-fly which services have to be applied to which pack- ets. We propose to use IPv6 Segment Routing to support SFC and describe and evaluate the performance of our im- plementation in the Linux kernel.


We study functions on topometric spaces which are both (metrically) Lipschitz and (topologically) continuous, using them in contexts where, in classical topology, ordinary continuous functions are used. We study the relations of such functions with topometric versions of classical separation axioms, namely, nor- mality and complete regularity, as well as with completions of topometric spaces. We also recover a compact topometric space X from the lattice of continuous 1-Lipschitz functions on X , in analogy with the recovery of a compact topological space X from the structure of (real or complex) functions on X. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification 54D15 (primary); 54E99, 46E05 (sec- ondary)


It is the steadily worsened condition of earth ecology that pushes ecology and eco-aesthetics forward.It is not too late to repair the fold even after some sheep are lost.We should establish its research range,research object and research method in the eco-aesthetics.At Least we should separate the eco-aesthetics from ecology and make it different from the traditional aesthetics.Since 1950s aesthetics has become a apparent learning but ecology of aesthetics has been destroyed because of the disruption of it.During 1950s the discussion of aesthetics with the clear political guide had the discussion confined to disputing the questions of subject and object and made the discussion contact with aesthetics reality.After 1980s aesthetics research began to serve the evaluation of the title of technical post and the establisment of subject,which is another alienation.After finding the evils we should break through the limitation of subject and object and widen out field of vision in research of aesthetics.We can make use of the concept of whole of China's traditional medicine,which emphasizes the balance development of man and nature,and regards human body as part of celestial body.This ideological method is worth being used that the questions of health protection and treat are considerated from the angle of the action of celestial body on human body.


We present a case of a bronchogenic pulmonary cyst in a 48-year-old patient. We performed [corrected] mucoclasis using argon laser photocoagulation following resection of mucosa, closure of some drainage bronchus, and covering of the inner surface by the intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst with an [corrected] absorbable vicryl mesh. At [corrected] 4-year [corrected] follow-up, the patient had no signs of recurrence.


Image distribution on the surface of circular receiver of parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) is obviously different from that of flat reciever. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the physical model on the image distribution of circular reciever in considerable detail. In order to determine the image distribution, it was determined the distribution of energy flux in the integrated images on the focal plane for three models of the sun, including a ununiform solar disk with an intensity distribution. In this paper, the same method to determine the image distribution as Evans is used to analyze PTC with a circular reciever. New image distribution on the reciever of liner paraboric trough concentrator gives some important conclusions not only optical performance but also thermal performance. By the application of image distribution in the performance simulation of the concentrator, it is obvious that results of the simulation have been improved, on the other hand, that new image distribution is practically useful.


Genes and Environment. Cells and Tissues: Damage and Repair. Infectious Organisms. Infectious Disease. The Immune System. Immunity and Infection. Immunopathology and Immunodeficiency. Controlling Infection. Adaptation to Stress. Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases. Vascular Pathology. Neoplasia. Age and Disease APPENDICES: Terminology of Inflammatory Diseases. Categorization of Biological Agents According to Hazard and Categories of Containment. Autopsy. Commonly Require Tests


Сreating new methods of surgical treatment of diseases is always of great interest to the anatomy of the organs affected. The rapid development of cardiac surgery causes more attentively to the questions about the structure of the heart and its structures. Objective: study the structural features of intraventricular cardiac structures and their correlation relationship. Subjects: 115 preparations of the human heart. Methods: dissection, morphometry, statistical analysis. Results: examined variable anatomy of elements cardiac valvular apparatus and studied their correlation relationship. Conclusions: The findings significantly deepen and complement the picture of the human heart structure and will contribute to the study of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of heart disease.


From the perspectives of English pragmatic competence and students' self abilities,the importance of English pragmatic competence in English application is discussed.The paper proposes relying on English literature and combining with the practical problems in the teaching process,English teaching mode should be innovated,so as to foster students' pragmatic competence.


The mining of a complete set of frequent itemsets will lead to a huge number of itemsets. Fortunately, this problem can be reduced to the mining of frequent closed itemsets (FCIs), which results in a much smaller number of itemsets. The approaches to mining frequent closed itemsets can be categorized into two groups: those with candidate generation and those without. In this paper, we propose an approach to mining frequent closed itemsets without candidate generation with a data structure called the frequent pattern list (FPL). We designed the algorithm FPLCI-mining to mine the FCIs. Experimental results show that our method is faster than previous ones.


Concretization of Marxism is the theoretical foundation of sinicization of Marxism.Analysis of the great revolutionists' thought,which holds that Marxism must combine the revolution and concrete practice in each country,is the theoretical guidance to promote sinicization of Marxism and the theoretical foundation of sinicization of Marxism.


The F 1 heterosis and fertility of combinations of LH422 or 02428 with Indica or Japonica and combinations of Indica with Japonica were inspected in this test. The results showed that F 1 of M-201/Nihonmasari had a quite stronger heterosis on tillers per plant and grains weight per plant, F 1 of WCVs with Indica or Japonica were of higher heterosis and of stronger fertility and would promote the rice output obviously, and LH422 had a stronger tendentiousness to Japonica, but 02428 has also a strong tendentiousness to Indica.


For years Chinese literature output has very big deficit, especially for Euramerican deficit is about 100:1 above. In recent years many translators devoted to the introduction of Chinese literature to the world. The National Social Science Fund conducted long-term foreign translation project of Chinese academic programs. This article tries to restore a real female image of Chinese classical beauty in the literary works through recognition of noble concubine Yang, and is devoted to let the world re-know this literary image. Noble concubine Yang Yuhuan was the first of the four classical beauties in ancient China. Another three were Xi Shi, Wang Zhaojun, and Diao Chang, with the idiom "the beautiful women shame the moon and flowers" describing the four. Noble concubine Yang Yuhuan was also the beautiful woman with highest status and biggest authority among the four in ancient China, as well as an imperial concubine who was largest affect in the world in China's feudal dynasties. In the Chinese history, did not any woman have to be richer than noble concubine Yang's story the romantic and full of legend color. "Beauty is the cause of evil" has been the excuse of men to cover their mistakes in history. In number of writings noble concubine Yang was described as this. However in some other words Yang's beauty was pure and her nature was kind in such struggle of the imperial palace. Her love was sincere. According to some historical material and even some tales we can have recognition of this unique beauty in China's ancient history.


Objective To determine the challenges, coping strategies and needs of urban and rural Jamaican caregivers of adolescents with diabetes, and suggest ways to assist coping. Methods This qualitative study comprised four focus groups (two urban and two rural) with a total of nineteen caregivers of adolescents with diabetes. Thematic analysis was conducted on the data. Results The main challenges caregivers faced were keeping their children healthy, managing conflict with their children, and financial concerns. They met these challenges with problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Caregivers used the problem-focused strategies of vigilance, advocacy, minimising their children's negative emotions, coercion, education, and seeking support, and the emotion-focused strategies of relying on their identity as parents and turning to their faith. Caregivers wanted assistance acquiring medication and equipment, increased diabetes education, and support groups. Discussion More resources should be channelled toward provision of diabetes supplies. Diabetes education is necessary in schools and for the general public. Healthcare practitioners should explore issues beyond diabetes management, such as caregivers' coping and the caregiver-child relationship. Support groups are needed to facilitate learning. Special attention must be paid to rural areas: rural residents appeared to be in greater need than their urban counterparts.


: Cloud computing allows network access to a computing resources like servers, storage and applications. These shared resources can be increasingly use-full to the consumers on the basis of paying only for resources they use. Cloud provides the delivery of storage resources to the consumers over the Internet. Private cloud storage is to a particular organization and data security risks is more in cloud. Hence, private cloud storage is built by using the commodity machines within the organization and the important data is stored in it. When the use of cloud increases the problems also increase like performance & storage demand, privacy & security, data integrity. Increase in storage leads to extend the cloud storage with more storage nodes. During such expansion, the storage on the cloud needs to be managed In order to maintain the load across storage nodes, the data need to be move across the storage nodes. This data that is moved from one location to other, consumes more network bandwidth. The key idea behind this is to develop a dynamic load balancing algorithm based on de-duplication to balance the load across the storage nodes during the Extension of private cloud storage. For maintaining privacy, security & data integrity we will use AES algorithm & SHA algorithm. SHA algorithm also used to avoid duplication.


In this paper, the authors propose assessment methodology of Electrical Stability for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) and EV (Electronic Vehicle) through a Simulation Model Development. The purpose of the simulation is to simulate the situations where insulation failure leads to leakage current and voltage rise. The allowance of the symptoms in the view of human safety also can be assessed through the simulation. Through the simulation, high voltage system of the HFCV and EV can assessed considering electrical accidents. The assessment of the high voltage system of HFCV and EV is achieved through the simulation. And also the authors can supplement high voltage system design by the results of the simulation.


Vegetation phenology (seasonal rhythm) is closely related to seasonal dynamics in the lower
atmosphere and is therefore an important element in global climatic models and vegetation
monitoring. Remote sensing is the primary means by which we can observe the dynamic
characters of the earth's biosphere. Description and mapping of the natural vegetation, and its
interpretation in terms of soil, climatic and other information, are important in land use
planning, particularly in areas where detailed information on soil and climate is insufficient,
as is often the case in East Africa. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of
coarse resolution (1 km) data from the NOAA AVHRR sensor for the identification and
separation of principal vegetation communities (biomes) and to define seasonal rhythms for
these communities.
The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor is carried by a series of
meteorological satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA). The primary advantage of the AVHRR is the frequent temporal (daily) coverage
over large areas, which allows a better opportunity to obtain cloud free coverage during
important phenological stages. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived
from AVHRR offer a means of evaluating phenological characteristics, such as flowering and
senescence. A total of 53 AVHRR NDVI composites covering Kenya between 1 April, 1992
and 21 September, 1993, were obtained from National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA).
The results show that some essential biomes such as grassland and dry forest were possible to
identify and separate. Phenological characteristics, such as beginning and end of growing
season were only possible to extract for grassland and dry forest. Even though cloud detection
and interpolation methods were applied on the composites, the influence of clouds degraded
the image quality and it was therefore difficult to interpret the NDVI profiles.
This study indicates the potential usefulness of 1-km NOAA data for monitoring vegetation
phenological cycles and has demonstrated that atmospheric effects (e.g. clouds) must be
understood quantitatively for specific inventory purposes.


The alanine‐rich repeating region (A‐region) in the surface protein antigen (PAc) of Streptococcus mutans has received much attention as an antigenic component for vaccines against dental caries. The PAc (residue 361–386) peptide in the A‐region possesses a multiple binding motif (L‐ ‐V‐K‐ ‐A) to various HLA‐DR molecules and a B‐cell core epitope (‐ Y‐ ‐ ‐L‐ ‐Y‐ ‐ ‐ ‐) that recognizes the inhibiting antibody to S. mutans. In the present study, we investigated the immunogenicity of the PAc (361–386) peptide in humans and regulators of induction of the anti‐PAc (361–386) peptide IgA antibody (aPPA) in saliva. The PAc (361–386) peptide was confirmed as an ideal peptide antigen for induction of the inhibiting antibody to S. mutans in 151 healthy human subjects (36·6 ± 12·6 years old) by quantitative analyses of oral bacteria and ELISA, as the aPPA titre in human saliva decreased significantly in an age‐dependent manner. Homozygous DRB1*0405 and 1502, and heterozygous DRB1*0405/1502 showed a negative association with production of aPPA and tended to reduce the number of total streptococci in saliva. In contrast, the DRB1*1501 allele was significantly correlated with a high level of induction of the antibodies, and also tended to reduce lactobacilli and mutans streptococci. Further, peptide immunogenicity was confirmed in NOD‐SCID mice grafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results indicate that the interplay between regulators such as age, DRB1 genotype, cytokines, and peptide immunogenicity may provide a potential means for developing a vaccine useful for the prevention of dental caries as well as their diagnosis.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has been recommended for primary (PP) and secondary prevention (SP) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic patients. The consumption of ASA among Catalan diabetic people is described here.

SUBJECTS AND METHOD
We analyzed 1,718 questionnaires administered to members of the Catalonia's Diabetic Association. ASA intake, history of CVD and medical advice about the use of ASA were evaluated.

RESULTS
ASA was taken by 21% subjects (as PP in 14% and as SP in 53%). Medical advice had been received in 23% (15% as PP and 56% as SP).

CONCLUSIONS
ASA intake among diabetic patients is low in both PP and SP. Physicians should recommend its use to improve this situation.


Signaling molecules regulating embryo development have been described in angiosperms, but very little is known about how embryogenesis is controlled in gymnosperms. In this work we show that lipophilic low molecular weight molecule(s) with GlcNAc residues that are sensitive to chitinase are secreted by embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce. These data indicate that lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), homologous with rhizobial Nod factors, are present in plants. Interestingly, developmentally blocked lines secrete more LCOs than normally developing lines do. Endogenous LCOs from spruce and rhizobial Nod factors suppress programmed cell death (PCD) and stimulate proliferation of proembryogenic masses and somatic embryo formation but not further embryo development. LCOs are known to be degraded by chitinases. The Chia4-Pa1 gene, encoding for class IV chitinase, was isolated and characterised. The Chia4-Pa1 gene belongs to a small family with highly similar members. The expression of Chia4-Pa genes increases significantly after withdrawal of plant growth regulators, i.e. during a treatment that triggers PCD and stimulates the switch from proliferation of proembryogenic masses to somatic embryo differentiation. Based on the spatial expression pattern of Chia4-Pa, I propose that chitinase-expressing cells have a megagametophyte signaling function. The localisation of the CHIA4-Pa proteins does not correspond to the expression pattern of the encoding genes. I suggest that the CHIA4-Pa proteins are targeted to places where the substrates are localised. Furthermore, chitinases might act on arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) thereby causing cell wall loosening and cell elongation. In our laboratory, work is being carried out to identify markers specific for different developmental stages of embryo development in Norway spruce. The level of endogenous LCOs secreted to a medium might be used as an indicator of the embrogenic potential of the proliferating cultures, while the increased level of Chia4-Pa transcript coincides with massive PCD and differentiation of somatic embryos. In addition, the PaHB2 gene, a member of the sub-group of the HD-GL2 family with subepiderm- and protoderm/epiderm-specificity, was isolated and characterised.


The invention relates to a pill with a function of strengthening muscles and bones and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to provide a pill with a function of strengthening muscles and bones and a preparation method thereof. The pill has obvious effects on treating insufficiency of the liver and kidney, deficiency of blood and qi, malnutrition of muscles and bones, slow and sunken pulse, dizziness caused by limb weakness, cervical spondylosis, osphyalgia, skelalgia and acroanesthesia. The pill provided by the invention is prepared from the following more than 20 medicinal materials: angelica, rhizoma corydalis, clematis root, Chinese yam, notopterygium root, earthworm, tuckahoe, chuanxiong rhizome, atractylodes rhizome, coix seed, nux vomica, scorpion, centipede, prepared rehmannia root, cibot rhizome, dogwood fruit, radix angelicae pubescentis, mistletoe, dodder, fried eucommia, spatholobus stem, milk vetch, radix cyathulae, dangshen and fructus psoraleae. The invention belongs to the preparation field of traditional Chinese medicines.


ABSTRACT A convenient fabrication approach is proposed for a durable superhydrophobic epoxy surface. By duplicating micro-rough topography of the template, covalently grafting with TiO2 nanoparticles, and treating with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, the surface shows superhydrophobicity with a high static contact angle (162.0°) and a low sliding angle (2.5°), respectively. And its WCA has hardly changed along with the pH value of solutions. Besides, the superhydrophobic property remains constant even after 144 h long-term UV radiation or 16 cycles of friction tests. The surface also exhibits superior self-cleaning resilience for organic contaminants of oleic acid, kerosene, lubricants, and vegetable oil by TiO2 photocatalysis degradation of pollution.


ABSTRACT To examine the effects of local versus global message framing concerning climate change, data were gathered from 114 undergraduate students at a Southern US coastal university. The experiment accounted for participants' perceived attachment to their environments (place attachment) to observe whether it related to increased engagement and risk perceptions. Messages were most effective in eliciting environmental action when local effects of climate change were emphasized. Those reporting more connection to their local environments perceived more risks and intended more mitigating actions. The results may assist practitioners, researchers, and decision makers in developing more effective approaches to climate change mitigation.


Traders and the development frontier economic progress and occupational distribution - numbers, roles and categories population, welfare and development - gloom dispelled foreign aid - the central component of world development? the Third World debt crisis - can't pay or won't pay? marketing reform - an inventory of intervention co-operative societies in less developed countries commodity stabilization - disguised restrictionism wage regulation in less developed countries - on not helping the poor price control in less developed countries - unexpected consequences industrialization and development - Nigeria policy and progress - the Hong Kong story import capacity and economic development - India price response - cocoa and palm oil in Nigeria economic history as theory an unrealistic prospectus development economics - a retrospective view.


In a recent controversial tax judgement the Supreme Court of Appeal held that a right to receive an interest-free loan was capable of being valued and that value, in the circumstances of that case, constituted an amount that accrued to the taxpayers for purposes of determining their gross income.


Actinomycetes are prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has prompted us to search for potential natural antimicrobial agents. Herein, we report the isolation of rare actinobacteria from Egyptian soil. The strain was identified as Amycolatopsis keratiniphila DPA04 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Cultivation profiling, followed by chemical and antimicrobial evaluation of crude extracts, revealed the activity of DPA04 ISP-2 and M1 culture extracts against Gram-positive bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values ranged from 19.5 to 39 µg/mL. Chemical analysis of the crude extracts using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) led to the identification of 45 metabolites of different chemical classes. In addition, ECO-0501 was identified in the cultures with significant antimicrobial activity. Multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is reported to be related to the multidrug efflux pump (MATE). ECO-0501 and its related metabolites were subjected to molecular docking studies against the MATE receptor as a proposed mechanism of action. ECO-0501 and its derivatives (AK_1 and N-demethyl ECO-0501) had better binding scores (−12.93, −12.24, and −11.92 kcal/mol) than the co-crystallized 4HY inhibitor (−8.99 kcal/mol) making them promising candidates as MATE inhibitors. Finally, our work established that natural products from this strain could be useful therapeutic tools for controlling infectious diseases.


Summary The Achimov horizons are deep-water sandy and clay strata's associated with the fondoform part of the Neocomian cyclic wedges. Reserve recovery in these deposits is still less than 10 percent, with a mere handful of license projects in which the Achimov horizons have entered the commercial production phase despite dozens of years of research on the Achimov's geology. This is due to the complicated geological architecture of the horizons, their vertical and lateral heterogeneity, low porosity and permeability, and high water saturation. The geological model covered 20 Gazprom Neft licensed areas with an area of 15.5 thousand square kilometers. 10 zonal cyclites of the Valanginian age were identified within the study area. A total of 320 lithologically limited objects were mapped, more than 200 of which are prospective for the search, exploration and development of hydrocarbons. 2D probabilistic assessment was performed for all objects. The Achimov formation has a complex geological structure, due to the combination of different facies within one object. For correct modelling and mapping of Achimov bodies it is necessary to combine electrofacial, core, dynamic, spectral analyzes and work with paleosurfaces (under-counting one of the studies reduces the quality of geological models).


Objective To investigate whether intracoronary bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) transplantation result in sustained engraftment,differentiation and to improved cardiac function. Methods A 90-minute left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion was used to induce myocardial infarction (MI) in swine. Either PKH-26 labeled BM-MNCs (n=6,BM-MNCs group) or medium (n=5,control group) were injected into infarct-related coronary artery. Six weeks after implantation,morphologic,histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics and heart function were studied. Results In the specimens of BM-MNCs group,labeled cells were found in the infracted region. Newly-growing cardiomyocytes were found by HE stain,PTAH stain and transmission electromicroscopy. Immunochemical stain showed that the PKH26 positive cells were also factor Ⅷ and desmin positive; Hemodynamic datum showed improved-dp/dt and cardiac output (CO) than that of 90-minute after MI (P0.05); Echocardiogram datum showed improved stroke volume and CO than that of control group (P0.05); and the number of vessels was more than that of the control group (P0.05). Conclusion Bone marrow mononuclear cells after being intracoronary transplanted into MI region could engraft,growth and differentiate into cardiomyogenic cell and endothelial cell. Intracoronary transplantation of BM-MNCs can promote angiogenesis and have clinical potential in improving cardiac function.


The present invention discloses a time division duplex (TDD) standard data transmission method, comprising: setting IP packet analysis processing and control parameters; receiving IP packet from the IP layer, in accordance with the control parameters and stores the received IP packet buffer; scan buffer receiving the IP packet, the IP packet header information is analyzed and adjusted according to the IP packet transmission order control parameter, according to the transmission order of the IP packet into the transmission buffer; sending order in the sending buffer IP packet transmitted to the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity. The present invention also discloses a method for data transmission in a TDD standard. By the apparatus and method of the present invention, improve the utilization of the air interface improves the speed of the user data acquired from the network side, saving the user time; while improving network capacity without hardware investment, which also reduces operating costs.


Objective—The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an atherogenic diet on immune function in LDLr−/−, ApoA-I−/− mice. Methods and Results—When LDLr−/−, ApoA-I−/− (DKO), and LDLr−/− (SKO) mice were fed an atherogenic diet, DKO had larger peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) and spleens compared to SKO mice. LNs were enriched in cholesterol and contain expanded populations of T, B, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Expansion of all classes of LN cells was accompanied by a ≈1.5-fold increase in T cell proliferation and activation. Plasma antibodies to dsDNA, β2-glycoprotein I, and oxidized LDL were increased in DKO, similar to levels in diet-fed Faslpr/lpr mice, suggesting the development of an autoimmune phenotype. Both LN enlargement and cellular cholesterol expansion were "prevented" when diet-fed DKO mice were treated with helper dependent adenovirus expressing apoA-I. Independent of the amount of dietary cholesterol, DKO mice consistently showed lower plasma cholesterol than SKO mice, yet greater aortic cholesterol deposition and inflammation. Conclusions—ApoA-I prevented cholesterol-associated lymphocyte activation and proliferation in peripheral LN of diet-fed DKO mice. A ≈1.5-fold increase in T cell activation and proliferation was associated with a ≈3-fold increase in concentrations of circulating autoantibodies and ≈2-fold increase in the severity of atherosclerosis suggesting a common link between plasma apoA-I, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.


This chapter provides information on the development and execution of graphomotor skills, as a basis for remediation. Concepts common to both drawing and handwriting such as motor learning theory and grasps used with writing and drawing tools are discussed first. Following are detailed sections on drawing and then handwriting. The emphasis in these sections is on outlining research that broadens our knowledge of the development of drawing and handwriting and deepens our understanding of the factors that are associated with graphomotor difficulties. Graphomotor skills comprise those conceptual and perceptual-motor abilities necessary for drawing and handwriting. Drawing is defined as the art of producing a picture or plan with implements such as pencils, pens, or crayons. Handwriting is the process of forming letters, figures, or other significant symbols, predominantly on paper. Both these activities can be used to record experiences or thoughts, as well as communicate these to others. Drawing and handwriting are complex motor behaviors in which psychomotor, linguistic, and biomechanical processes interact with maturational, developmental, and learning processes (SmitsEngelsman & Van Galen, 1997). The need to develop proficiency in activities as fundamental as drawing and handwriting may be questioned in relation to the growing reliance on electronic communication devices. It is the position of this chapter that graphomotor skills represent more than a means of recording thoughts or conveying experiences. Developmentally these skills allow for experimentation and self-expression in the way a child interacts with the environment. Furthermore they are a means by which children learn basic tool use and are able to produce a product that is socially recognized and rewarded. As such they form an important part of the development of an individual.