After metamorphosis, smooth or common newts (Triturus vulgaris vulgaris (Linn)) dis- perse on land, where they live as juveniles before returning to the water as breeding adults. The population age-structure was obtained by dissecting the standard length frequency distribution, a procedure which is justified in the text. Juveniles have an uncomplicated age-structure, the number of individuals in successively later age-classes being reduced by mortality and by recruitment to the adult population. Among adult newts, the most frequent age-class is nearly central, indicating the existence of extensive variation in the age at maturity. Growth continues throughout life, the rate of growth decreasing with age. The annual survival rate of adult newts as estimated by a census method, and from the age-structure, was found to be =50%, being rather greater in Y Y than in d d. Less reliable data indicate the annual survival rate of juveniles was -80%. Maturity is attained between the ages of 3 and 7 yr, most individuals reproducing for the first time at 6 or 7 yr of age. The number of eggs laid increases with age from - 100 at age 3 to -400 at age 12; there is also an effect of Y age on oocyte size, which may influence subsequent larval survival. Smooth newts breed annually. Reproduction diverts surplus energy from somatic growth, and thereby decreases potential future fecundity in animals whose fecundity is proportional to body size. Individuals maturing at different ages, therefore, have different schedules of fecundity, which were estimated through the use of microbomb calorimetry. Population size was found to be lognormally distributed, with a mean of -70. The sex ratio of juvenile newts was near equality, but a majority of Y Y comprised most adult populations. This imbal- ance is due to greater mortality of adult d d, which results in an age-specific trend in the sex ratio. There are 2 breeding migrations: 1 in autumn and I in spring. It is likely that newts migrate during autumn when about to reproduce for the first time, and thereafter migrate during spring. Terrestrial newts appear to move little; there is some evidence that colonization of newly dug ponds is achieved by the infrequent emigration of juveniles. During its life, a smooth newt occupies a succession of ecological niches. Moreover, different individuals may occupy different niches, or may occupy the same niches for different periods of time. It is speculated that in large newt populations the complex life history is able to trap genetic variation and to dampen fluctuations in population size. However, it is suggested that these group attributes have arisen largely as the result of selection between individuals. Breeding only once (rather than repeatedly) will reduce fitness because the additional fecundity necessary to balance the loss of later reproduction cannot be attained. Early maturity appears to be favored in d d, and late maturity in Y Y; these opposed selection pressures may contribute to the observed age variation at maturity. Finally, the sex ratio does not vary with population density, and is therefore thought to be controlled by natural selection.


(71 ff.: he could have cited Hesiod's Silver Age in support, n. 93). As to the aXoyov that Aphrodite never explains why she could contrive no better fate for Anchises, Smith concludes that the poet's desire to follow up the implications of immortality' led to [his] juxtaposing the cases of Ganymede and Tithonos with that of Anchises even though the juxtaposition can lead to nothing in the story' (p. 90). In reaction to past historicism, Smith denies that there were any pretended descendants of Aeneas in the Troad, at least in the Archaic period. We await his full arguments in HSCP, but here they are self-contradictory (p. 3 & n. 5): it is important and convincing in this consolatio that procreation is man's way of attaining a kind of immortality and accepting mortal status (e.g. n. 118); but the poet chose an atrocious example if his audience knew of no living descendants of Aeneas. Without them, the whole Hymn is inconsequent by Smith's own analysis (cf. p. 69, 'Anchises.. .the ancestor of a family which famously survived'). On a priori grounds the Hymn validates Strabo's report (607 f.), whether it was composed to honour the Aeneadae, or merely for an audience aware of their existence; and praise of them will help to explain Aphrodite's illogicality if poetic aims alone cannot. Refusal to consider realities external to the system of ideas is a common fault in writing of this kind; Structuralism is neither the only approach possible, nor incompatible with others. Smith has not made this error regarding oral composition; indeed, as he recognizes (pp. 11 f.), there is no necessary contradiction between orality and poems finely wrought. But oral style does not prove orality, and Smith disregards apparent verbal borrowings from Homer and Hesiod (of several parallels with Sappho fr. 44, the only one noticed by Smith is dismissed, as fr. 44 is 'probably, as Lobel thought, spurious', n. 109; cf. my Homer, Hesiod and the Hymns (CUP 1981), chs. 2, 8). A salutary emphasis on the Hymn's internal structure should not distort its external relations. A slightly different book could have fallen foul of J. van Eck's Utrecht dissertation 'The Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite' (1978), of which Smith is unaware. But Eck's analysis of the Hymn's structure is briefer and less sensitive, although his detailed commentary is useful. Despite this unfortunate gap, the broad consensus over basic aspects of Greek culture and religion arising from Structuralist approaches is itself persuasive, all the more so for Smith's freedom from the incomprehensible jargon and Indo-European dubieties of some recent American work on Hesiod and this Hymn. Equipped as it is with a (debatable) text and pleasing translation, even a Greekless novice might find it profitable, if a little long. Misprints are rare and trivial, and I would congratulate the publisher could I be sure that the price is reasonable.


Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMxV) is a core operation in many engineering, scientific and financial applications. Due to the sparse nature of the underlying matrices, irregular memory access patterns and short row lengths often slow down the performance significantly. Past implementations of SpMxV have been reported to be run at 10% or less of the machine's peak capability. In this paper we present a novel hardware support called distTree for efficient SpMxV. It is shown that replacing the column indices of sparse matrices with extra hardware is achievable and yields an average speedup by a factor of two for the suite of benchmarks used. The matrix data set for the distTree is approximately 30% less than that for conventional CSR algorithms so that distTree is beneficial in terms of not only performance but also memory usage. Thorough analysis is done by looking at the correlation between the performance speedups and various matrices properties.


Although the bulk aerodynamic transfer coefficients for sensible (C,,) and latent (C,) heat over snow and sea ice surfaces are necessary for accurately modeling the surface energy budget, they have been measured rarely. This paper, therefore, presents a theoretical model that predicts neutral-stability values of C, and C, as functions of the wind speed and a surface roughness parameter. The crux of the model is establishing the interfacial sublayer profiles of the scalars, temperature and water vapor, over aero- dynamically smooth and rough surfaces on the basis of a surface-renewal model in which turbulent eddies continually scour the surface, transferring scalar contaminants across the interface by molecular diffusion. Matching these interfacial sublayer profiles with the semi-logarithmic inertial sublayer profiles yields the roughness lengths for temperature and water vapor. When coupled with a model for the drag coefficient over snow and seaice based on actual measurements, these roughness lengths lead to the transfer coefficients. C, is always a few percent larger than C,. Both decrease monotonically with increasing wind speed for speeds above 1 m s-r, and both increase at all wind speeds as the surface gets rougher. Both, nevertheless, are almost always between 1.0 x lo-' and 1.5 x 10m3.


Arginine synthesis is a complex, age-dependant process involving multiple precursors and enzymes, and the interorgan transfer of substrates. The objectives of this thesis were to elucidate arginine synthesis from enteral precursors in newborn infants and in healthy adults using stable isotope methodology. In the first, of four studies, I validated the use of a non-invasive methodology using urinary amino acids for stable isotope studies of arginine synthesis and demonstrated a known, but under-recognised, problem with D-amino acid contamination of tracers. Implementing chiral chromatography, this issue was further investigated using samples from previous studies in our laboratory with several different isotopes. I demonstrated the novel finding that the impact of Damino acids is dependent on the tracer used, and also on the age of the subject. In the second study, I used a multi-tracer design to assess arginine synthesis from enteral proline or glutamate in healthy preterm infants. Labeled arginine (M+2), proline (M+1) and glutamate (M+3) were given enterally to fifteen stable, growing preterm infants (gestational age at birth 30-35 weeks) at 1-3 weeks' postnatal age. I found only arginine synthesis from proline,


Aim: In order to monitor the developments in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and clinical outcome, a national clinical database for knee ligament surgery (Danish ACL Registry) was established in 2005. This study presents data for 2 years national production of ACL reconstructions from the Danish ACL registry. Methods: All clinics performing ACL reconstructions in Denmark reports to the database. The database is divided into surgeon data and patient data. The surgeon reports anamnestic, objective knee laxity and operative data including graft and implant choices. At one year control, complications, reoperations and objective knee laxity are recorded. The patient registers the KOOS knee score and Tegner function score preoperatively and at 1, 5 and 10 years follow-up. A specific set of indicators that define good diagnostic procedures and clinical outcome have been specified. Results: During the first 24months, more than 5000 knee-ligament reconstructions were registered. 84 % were primary ACL recontruction, 7,7 % were ACL revisions 8,4 %were multiligament reconstructions. 90 % of all departments reported to the database. 71 % of primary ACL reconstruction used hamstring tendon grafts and 21 % used patella tendon graft. Meniscus injuries were treated in 35 % of all patients. 17 % had significant cartilage lesions. Follow-up KOOS scores demonstrated specific differences between primary ACL, revision ACL and multiligament reconstructions. Conclusion: This study presents epidiomiology and follow-up data a national ACL reconstruction registry. These data will become new international reference materials for outcome measures before and after ACL surgery. The database will enable future monitoring of developments in ACL reconstruction techniques and outcome.


An imbalanced classifier performance evaluation method,weighted Area Under the Curve(wAUC),is proposed to solve the evaluation problem of imbalanced or class-skewed data classifiers.This method makes use of different weights in different regions according to the values of the True Positive rate(TPrate) to focus on the accuracy of positive class when calculating the weighted area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve.It is beneficial to distinguish the different contributions of the accuracies on different classes to the overall performance.The features of the weight function are discussed and the characteristics of the wAUC are analyzed.Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed wAUC method is superior to OP and AUC methods.


A PRELIMINARY survey of the available data on unwed motherhood reveals that historically a variety of etiological factors have been emphasized. Studies made during the 1920's stressed such causal factors as "immorality" and "mental deficiency." 1 During the 1930's the findings pointed to the factors of a "broken home," "poverty," "little education," and "domestic occupation." 2 Within the past two decades, unwed motherhood has been explained increasingly as an accepted pattern of life in a given sub-culture.3 However, the most frequent emphasis at the present time appears to be upon psychological processes. The majority of current studies conclude that unwed motherhood is a product of un-


FORMING OF BUSINESS SYSTEM STRATEGY ACCORDING TO PROJECT APPROACH. Strategic management development was based upon the forming of a business system strategy. Nowadays, strategic management is undisputed as a fundamental part of a successful business system. Without a systematic analysis, monitoring and prognosis of a business surrounding, it is highly risky to initiate any kind of management of business system activities. The purpose of business systems was the creation of strategies and not the realisation of the objectives set by the strategies themselves, and this is something that needed to be changed. First of all, a strategy is to be designed and then preparations for the launching (start) of the project followed by the realisation of project growth and development are to take place. In this way strategic management is linked to project management within a unique and continuously active process. The quick transformation of strategies into projects is reached with instruments such as project strategy forming measures and timely introduction of project management in the process together with the support of various experts. Project management is to be introduced in the process during the phase of strategy forming in order to initiate preparations for project launching as soon as possible, thus achieving quick realisation of strategic objectives.


Along with the rapid development of computer technology and the increasing requirement of modernized military training,the renewal and improvement of military training are encouraged by hi-tech applications and progress.Virtual reality technology has found wide application in the simulator for military training research and development.This paper introduces the main structure of hardware and software,function module of the portable anti-aircraft missile's digitalized training simulator developed by ourselves.The design and development methods and processes,key technologies,the functions and characteristics of the system are explained in detail.The system demonstration and effectiveness assessment are summarized at last.


This article refers to an intervention with professionals of three units of primary health care (two Strategies for Family Health and Primary Care in Community Agents) of a mediumsized city's inner gaucho. Such intervention was performed by these units rely on more pregnant / postpartum women with HIV / AIDS, was developed by a social worker and a nurse in a Multidisciplinary Integrated Residency Program, working in Line Mother-Baby Care in a Hospital that has Outpatient prenatal High Risk and infectious diseases, pregnant women who attend local / postpartum women and their children with HIV / AIDS. A meeting was held at each health facility in order to identify the level of knowledge of the staff on reception, counseling and monitoring of pregnant / postpartum women with HIV / AIDS and newborns and, more importantly, discuss a flow of care, ie, the trajectory that these women and their children roam the health network, in order to broaden the knowledge of those professionals qualified attention and favor of women and children with HIV / AIDS. The results demonstrate that Primary Care professionals have sufficient knowledge about the biological aspects which is, as is manifested and transmitted HIV / AIDS, however, have limited understanding and uncertainty about his role opposite the reception, advice and assistance of pregnant / postpartum women and their newborns. In this sense, it is important to continued formation of Primary Care, especially in regard to counseling and monitoring of pregnant / postpartum women with HIV / AIDS and their children.


Background/aims: Surfactant mixtures are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulas in order to establish product efficacy while maintaining mildness and skin lipids. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique of the spin labeling method with a nitroxide spin probe is a valuable method in the study of biological membranes. The objective of this study was to define the influence of surfactant mixtures on intercellular lipid fluidity and correlate EPR spectral data with in vivo safety data.


: Abdominal tuberculosis is defined as infection of the peritoneum, hollow or solid abdominal organs with Mycobacterium tuberculi. TB can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including anus, peritoneum and hepatobiliary system. The peritoneum and the ileocaecal region are the most likely sites of infection. The clinical manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis are nonspecific and mimic various GI disorders and cause delay in diagnosis and management. This pathology has several complications, including free intestinal perforation.


H3-proline has been extensively used in the study of collagen metabolism of the periodontium. 1B order to determine what proportion of H3-proline is actually incorporated into collagen, 24 hour incorporation of proline and its conversion to hydroxyproline was measured using microchemical techniques. The periodontal ligament of incisors, the gingivae, the palatal mucosa and the skin were collected and the specific activity of proline and hydroxyproline was determined. The results indicated that the specific activity of hydroxyproline was highest in the periodontal ligament, lower in gingivae and palatal mucosa, and lowest in skin. Most of the activity, however, was recovered in proline. The difference was mainly in the specific activity of the two amino acids. The proportion of radioactivity recovered in hydroxyproline varied from 13.9% in periodontal ligament, 8.3% in gingivae, to 6.6% in palatal mucosa. There appears to be a high rate of incorporation of H3-proline into oral tissues, as previously reported. However, after 24 hours most of the H3-proline is found in non-collagenous proteins and not in collagen.


Based on CE theory,the current situation of management in NPDP in manufacturing enterprises is deeply analyzed,the problems involving in the process are appointed.An advanced management pattern in NPDP based on CE in manufacturing enterprises is presented,this pattern include new developing environment,IPT,new developing process and PDM technology.


I read with great interest the article by Streng et al.1 published in the European Journal of Heart Failure. I congratulate the authors for a solid study design and very exciting results. Streng et al. conducted a very valuable study where 1479 patients with waist and hip measurements from the BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT-CHF) validation cohort were analysed.2 The authors found that there was a significant association between waist-tohip ratio (WHR) and mortality in women with heart failure (HF). In addition, their data demonstrated that a higher WHR was related to an elevation of inflammatory markers and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in women. The findings in this study suggest that fat deposition is involved with pathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target in female patients with HF.1 However, the study design of the BIOSTAT-CHF project was exclusive for Caucasian patients.2 Therefore, further studies might be required in other ethnicities and geographic regions. Furthermore, the authors have recently developed and validated a risk prediction model for patients with HF from the BIOSTAT-CHF population3 that uses an online calculator available at: http:// www.biostat-chf.eu. The risk scores are calculated based on age, HF hospitalisation in the last year, peripheral oedema, systolic blood pressure, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, haemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein, serum sodium and beta-blocker use at baseline. Could Streng et al. do a further analysis for this BIOSTAT-CHF validation cohort to discover the added value of WHR on top of the BIOSTAT-CHF risk prediction model, especially in women if it is possible? This would have a greater impact for this study. Finally, adiposity has been associated with increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP).4 In particular, higher CRP levels in plasma were associated with more severe HF, morbidity and mortality.5 However, no data about CRP were presented in the article. If the authors could report the data about CRP, this would be more informative for readers. Conflict of interest: T.H.C. is funded by the John and Lucille van Geest Foundation and the National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre.


The Second Chance Schools were established in Greece in 1997, and their main purpose is to offer a complete development to adult learners and to prepair them to be actively and adequately to the economic, social and cultural reality. Specifically, the objectives of the second-chance schools, among others, are the completion of compulsory education of citizens and adult learners to have the necessary education and skills in order to integrate smoothly economically and socially.
Theorists of adult education express that through the second chance schools, adults, who started from the last rung of the social hierarchy and probably failed in their studies in the formal education system, regardless of their level of intelligence, have the opportunity to advance to higher education people.
The modern structure of societies highlights the need for every adult to have access to learning, training, in order to be able to evolve, to adapt at the prevailing conditions and ultimately to define itself anew. This need calls educators embody a role that goes beyond that of the teacher, but to meet the needs of the animator, facilitator and consultant. The adult educator has the multiple role of the group leader, the teacher, who poses the means to bring about change, the member of the group, because they should have won a position in-class team and not to be external element and the evaluator, is be able to evaluate their students as observer.
This study investigates whether the educators of second chance schools are adequately equipped with the necessary to cope with the needs of a role that goes beyond the typical teacher-student relationship, and accordingly if the adult students feel that their needs are adequately covered or not, and what are the characteristics that they deem necessary.


Abstract : In this Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, preliminary tests of ion implantation to increase the lifetime of spark switch electrodes have indicated that a 185 keV carbon ion implant into a tungsten-copper composite has reduced electrode erosion by a factor of two to four. Apparently, the thin layer of tungsten carbide (WC) has better thermal properties than pure tungsten; the WC may have penetrated into the unimplanted body of the electrode by liquid and/or solid phase diffusion during erosion testing. These encouraging results should provide the basis for a Phase II SBIR program to investigate further the physical and chemical effects of ion implantation on spark gap electrodes and to optimize the technique for applications. Keywords include: Spark switches, electrodes, and ion implantation.


A brake actuator comprises an electric motor, a conversion device for converting the rotational movement of the electric motor into a linear movement and a hydraulic transmission for transmitting the linear movement of the conversion device to an adjusting piston of a brake. The hydraulic transmission comprises at least two hydraulic pistons which independently of one another can be axially displaced in a hydraulic chamber, whose first hydraulic piston by way of a first driving element of the conversion device can be operated directly by the electric motor and whose second hydraulic piston can be operated by way of second driving element of the conversion device which can be taken along by a controllable clutch element by the first driving element.


Monte Carlo simulations were used to compare the Kenny and La Voie (1985) method for separating individual and group effects with a maximum likelihood estimator. Maximum likelihood estimates cannot be out of bounds; that is, sample coefficients of correlation cannot be less than −1 or larger than +1. The Kenny and La Voie estimator yielded sample correlations greater than 200. The 2 methods were shown to be similar in bias. Overall, the maximum likelihood estimator was judged preferable because it was always at least as good and sometimes better than the Kenny and La Voie method


Abstract Disclosing sex crime victims' identities without their consent can harm their autonomy, dignity, equality, and intimacy. This article analyzed how state statutes in the United States may protect sex-crime victims' privacy interests. Several states have allowed punishing printing, publishing, or broadcasting sex crime victims' identifying information in instruments of mass communication. Such laws have conflicted with constitutional rights when applied to punish truthful disclosures of matters of public significance lawfully obtained from public records. States, at times, may punish government employees for knowingly or intentionally disclosing victims' identifying information stored in government records. Fewer constitutional concerns arise when states shield victims' identities with pseudonyms or confidentiality provisions than when states use swords to punish disclosures in instruments of mass communication. Methods to shield victims' privacy interests may recognize victims' privacy rights without unduly limiting constitutionally protected expression rights.


Before geographers commit themselves to public policy, they need to pose two questions: what kind of geography and what kind of public policy. The evolution of the discipline, in terms both of its aims and its professional organization, must be seen as an adaptation to external conditions, particularly to the development of the corporate state with its emphasis on the 'national interest'. The corporate state forces education to be seen purely as investment in manpower and academic research becomes subservient to the state and is used to preserve and strengthen the status quo. There is here a potential conflict with the academic's sense of moral obligation, but in practice the conflict is resolved by the parochialism and elitism of the humanistic tradition. To help to move away from the corporate state and towards the 'incorporated state' in which men can control the social conditions of their own existence, geographers need to address their efforts towards understanding the tension between the humanistic tradition and the pervasive needs of the corporate state and thereby to learn how to exploit the contradictions within the corporate state itself. CAN geographers contribute successfully, meaningfully and effectively to the formation of public policy ? General Pinochet is a geographer by training, and by all accounts he is successfully putting geography into public policy. As President of the military Junta that overthrew the elected government of Salvador Allende in Chile on I September I973, General Pinochet does not approve of 'subversive' academic disciplines such as sociology, politics and even philosophy. He has asked that 'lessons in patriotism' be taught in all Chilean schools and universities and he is known to look with great favour upon the teaching of geography-such a subject is, he says, ideally suited to instruct the Chilean people in the virtues of patriotism and to convey to the people a sense of their true historic destiny. Since the military have taken full command of the universities and frequently supervise instruction in the schools, it appears that geography will become a very significant discipline in the Chilean educational system. General Pinochet is also actively changing the human geography of Chile. An example is here in order. The health care system of Chile has, for some time, comprised three distinct components: the rich paid for services on a 'free-market' basis; the middle classes made use of hospital-based medicine financed by private insurance schemes; while the lower classes and poor (some 60 per cent of the population) received free medical care in community-based health centres paid for out of a National Health Service.1 Under Allende, resources were switched from the first two sectors into the community health services which had previously been poorly financed and largely ignored. The geography of the health care system began to be transformed from a centralized, provider-controlled, hospital-centred system catering exclusively to the middle and upper classes, to a decentralized, community-controlled, free health care system primarily catering to the needs of the lower classes and the poor. This transformation did not occur without resistance-the providers of hospital-based medicine organized strikes to preserve the old social geography of health care against the emergence of the new. But during the Allende years the community health centres grew and flourished. Also, community control through the creation of Community Health Councils had a profound political impact and many aspects of life began to be organized around the community health centres. The emphasis also shifted from curative medicine (with all of its glamour and expensive paraphernalia) to preventive medicine which sought to treat medical care as something integral to a wide range of environmental issues (water supply, sewage disposal, and the like). The human geography of social contact, political power and distribution changed as hitherto never before, as the lower classes and poor people began to realize the potential for controlling the social conditions of their own existence.


E ach of us has shared a similar experience. How often have we, when considering a friend or colleague, sought to remember when we first met? What were the circumstances that led to that meeting? When did we begin to form an impression of that person? Upon learning that I had the honor of presenting the Nadas Lecture, I began such a process. How did I form my impression of Dr. Nadas, a leader of our discipline? Some of you met him during your training; many others met him at a stressful timeduring an oral examination in pediatric cardiology-for he served two terms on the Sub-board of Pediatric Cardiology, the only individual to do so. I did not meet him in this circumstance, either. Rather, I met him by reading the first edition of his book Pediatric Cardiology.1 An image of Dr. Nadas could be gained while reading his book. While the terms echocardiography and Doppler did not exist, and proper nouns such as Rastelli and Rashkind were not among the pages, there were words that are rarely used in current medical textbooks. These were the personal pronouns "I," "my," and "mine." These active words gave a glimpse of the author. Rather than using indirect phrases such as "personal observations lead to the conclusion that ... ," Dr. Nadas said, "I think...." But what I still remember from my first reading was a small symbol at the bottom of the preface, the trademark of a magazine published by his father in Budapest. In that preface, Dr. Nadas wrote that his father, a writer, had always wanted to become a doctor. Dr. Nadas became a doctor and a writer as well, publishing not only that first volume' but two subsequent editions.23 These books influenced physicians who care for children with cardiac conditions and as a result improved the care of children with cardiac problems around the world. I am very honored to present this lecture in 1993, a year ending in the digit "3." Many important events have happened in the life of Dr. Nadas in years ending in the digit "3." In preparation for this lecture I reviewed the curriculum vitae of Dr. Nadas. Of his 222 articles, I chose to review those written in 1953, 1963, 1973, and 1983. This lecture looks at the period of time beginning in 1943. In that year Dr. Nadas joined Boston Children's Hospital as a resident, beginning a 50-year relationship with that famous institution to which he added his luster. What was the status of pediatric cardiology in 1943? Five years earlier Gross had ligated a patent ductus arteriosus4 for the first time. The year after Dr. Nadas went to Boston the initial resection of a coarctation of the aorta. was performed, as was the first Blalock-Taussig operation to palliate tetralogy of Fallot.6 The first reports of applications of cardiac catheterization described the hemodynamics of cardiac malformations.7.8 Later, in 1951 and 1952, Gibbon first attempted to repair an atrial septal defect using cardiopulmonary bypass.9 Lewis and associates10 reported the first large series of patients undergoing repair of atrial septal defect using hypothermia at the University of Minnesota. In 1953 Nadas reviewed the status of cardiac surgery in children with a cardiac malformation.1 Five conditions -patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, and atrial septal defect-were considered operable cardiac malformations, with the optimum age for operation described in years rather than months. One year later, open heart procedures for congenital malformations were performed for the first time under direct vision using a cardiopulmonary bypass technique at the University of Minnesota. These initial procedures


The features and principle of A/D converter TLC0832 are introduced in this paper. Its conversion timing, the hardware and software design of interface with AT89C52 are also gived in detail.


Broiler farm is one of businesses that have a high risk level for production and price, but it doesn't reduce the interest of broiler farmers to commercialize broiler. This indicates that broiler farmers have the entrepreneurial characteristics that can be studied and linked to the performance of the business itself. The objectives of this research are to identify the entrepreneurial characteristics of the broiler farmers and the correlation of entrepreneurial characteristics to the business performance of broiler farm. The results showed that risk taking character was the most dominant character owned by broiler farmers in Pamijahan, Bogor. Furthermore, the ability of breeders in carrying out their businesses had a significant correlation to the effectiveness of labor in broiler poultry. Then, the leadership skills, risk taking characters, ability to make some decisions, and the ability of breeders in carrying out their businesses had a significant correlation to determination of chicken harvested.


Proteins are dynamic molecules that use coordinated atomic fluctuations to achieve proper function. These motions have fundamental implications for not only understanding how proteins function, but current methods of structure based drug design. In this review, we focus on providing an overview of the NMR experiments to detect side-chain motions and their applications, to characterize to conformational entropy, allostery, and proper protein function.


A Genetic Population Study of the D1S1656 System in Southwest Spain J.J. Gamero , J.L. Romero, L. Souto, M.I. Arufe, D.N. Viera, M.C. Vide Institute of Legal Medicine of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000, Portugal Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz, Spain 3⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄41⁄23⁄4 Since the discovery of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and subsequent automation of the process, there has been rapid generalisation of its use in genetic research. The number of highly polymorphic systems that may be analysed with PCR is continuously rising, fundamentally in the field of repetitive DNA and specifically in the field of microsatellites or regions of repetitive DNA made up of very short sequences that are also known as Short Tandem Repeats (STRs). This study presents the result obtained from a genetic population study for the D1S1656 system carried out in the Provinces of Cadiz, Huelva and Sevilla (south-west Spain). The analysis of the different samples was carried out with ABI 373 and ABI 377 (Applied Biosystems) sequencers. XZ


Building Name Location Alderson Hall Hallway near Room 251 (2 floor, by west stairwell). Arthur Lakes Library Hallway near Room 200 (near southeast stairwell and the Circulation Desk, Main / 2 Floor). Berthoud Hall Hallway near Room 224 (2 floor, east end of building). Bradford Hall 1 floor, by the Main Desk. Brown Hall #1 Hallway near Room 253 (Hallway cabinet at center of East Wing). Brown Hall #2 Hallway near Room W363 (Hallway cabinet at center of West Wing). Chauvenet Hall Hallway near Room 149 (near top of stairs from 14 Street entrance). Coolbaugh Hall Hallway near Room 209 (2 floor near southwest stairwell). CTLM Building Hallway near Room 146 (Main / 2 floor, southeast corner of building). Engineering Hall Hallway near Room 210 (next to 2 floor elevator lobby). Foundation Trailers North trailer kitchen area on top of refrigerator. Green Center #1 Near Room 136 (in lobby by NW entrance). Green Center #2 Near Room 220 (2 floor, by NE stairwell and elevator). Green Center #3 Near Room B14 (Basement, by NE stairwell and elevator). GRL Building Hallway near Room 220 (near 2 floor elevator, across from Geology Museum entrance). Guggenheim Hall 2 Floor Main Lobby (next to the elevator). Hill Hall Hallway across from Room 202 (near MME Dept. office and main/15 Street entrance). Maple Hall #1 Near Room 136 (1 floor, main lobby, across from front desk) Maple Hall #2 Hallway near Room 173 (north end of building near the Community Room). Meyer Hall Hallway near Room 330 (west end of building, near Physics Dept. office, Main / 3 floor). Mines Park Community Center 2 Cabinet just inside main/north entrance


Abstract : For greater than sixty years, controversy has surrounded the topic of air ions and their possible effects (both beneficial and adverse) on humans. Although many of the early studies were criticized for being flawed and results were frequently conflicting, the preponderance of them seemed to be in agreement that atmospheric (air) ions were at least active in biological systems. However, cause-effect relationships for human conditions or diseases were less conclusive and often contradictory. Unsubstantiated medical claims for ion generating devices and concern over ozone byproducts by from these machines led to the imposition of harsh marketing restrictions by the FDA in the early 1960's. As a result, serious interest in air ion research declined and has remained at relatively low levels in most scientific circles. Over the years, the technology and study designs have improved, but inconsistencies in findings have persisted. Despite this, a growing number of ion generating devices are being purchased, the sales undoubtedly influenced by fairly regular reports in the popular press about the health benefits of negative ions. Much of the scientific work in this field and the socioeconomic factors at work in the marketplace are unknown to most practicing health care providers. Yet, many will be asked to give professional opinions or advice on the use of these devices for various health reasons. This paper will explore air ions from the standpoint of a classic Public Health dilemma, and will present and use an epidemiological approach for judging a possible cause-effect relation-ship between air ions and health effects. A fairly inclusive bibliography is also offered as a resource for those wanting to explore particular aspects of the field in more depth.


In a novel model mining experiment, we data mine hundreds of randomly constructed three-factor models and find that many outperform well-known models from the literature, including those with four and five factors. The results provide compelling evidence that the threshold of factor model success needs to be raised. Confidence intervals for model rankings, derived from a bootstrap simulation, offer new insights into the consistency of a model's pricing ability. Rankings for some well-known models are unusually volatile, which have wider confidence intervals than that of most of the random factor models.


THE SEASON of goodwill was marked by the issue of a Ministry of Housing and Local Government Circular, 56/61, to local authorities in the London area. This was accompanied by maps showing (a) possible groupings of London boroughs as envisaged by the Minister, compared with (b) the provisional proposals of the Royal Commission. The White Paper on London Government: Government Proposals for Re-organization (Cmd. 1562), published in November, accepted the view of the Royal Commission that boroughs should be the primary units of local government in London. Whereas, however, the Royal Commission advised mergers of boroughs resulting in a total of 52, the Minister considers that the population units should be larger, within a range of 180,000 to 360,000. The population of the proposed 34 boroughs (the City of London is left unaltered) does in fact range from 181,581 in the case of the new borough comprising Barnes, Richmond, Twickenham, to 361,000 in the proposed new borough of Croydon, Caterham and Warlingham, and Coulsdon and Purley. The factors taken into account in drawing up the proposed grouping are stated to have been &dquo;present and past associations, the locution and influence of service centres, lines of communication and patterns of development.&dquo; While the proposed new boroughs are for the most part broadly comparable in terms of population, the areas of what may be termed the outer ring seem to be much greater than those in the inner ring. It would appear to follow that the problem of selecting a reasonably accessible service centre in new boroughs such as that comprising Cheshunt, Edmonton and Tottenham, or to take another example, Kingston, Malden and Coombe, Surbiton, Esher, and Walton and Weybridge though not impossible of solution may well be a matter of some


Life and Background. Introduction. List of Characters. Critical Commentaries. Character Analyses. The Chinese Custom of Foot-Binding. Lotus Flower and Concubinage. Review Questions. Selected Bibliography. The Good Earth Genealogy.


ALTHOUGH cases of agnosia for sound and music have been reported for more than 80 years, 1-10 such defects were invariably observed to be associated with at least a mild impairment in language recognition, ie, auditory verbal agnosia. According to Nielsen, 11 only one case of an agnosia for sounds without evidence of aphasia either in the history or in the present clinical picture has so far been on record. This patient was a 52-year-old Mexican man who was examined with the aid of an interpreter. 12 An older vascular lesion had caused a left hemiparesis in this patient, and a more recent lesion resulted in a total loss of light perception, disorientation in space, loss of ability to visualize, incapacity to form nonlanguage concepts through sensory impressions, and unawareness of the left side of the body. The patient denied the loss of vision and in doing so would, eg,


This research report outlines the practice-based research processes undertaken in a preliminary research project to test the viability of using a cutting-edge custom built 3D wireless motion tracking system to allow the use of the movement of dancers to spatialise sound in 3D in realtime. The research was conducted by choreographer Sarah Rubidge and sound artist Stan Wijnans, in collaboration with improvising dancers Abi Mortimer and Carrie Whitaker of Lila Dance Company. The project culminated in an improvised performance for an invited audience.


Despite the fact that environmental taxes and Environmental Tax Reform (ETR) are accepted to be policies with desirable environmental and other economic effects, their implementation has been patchy. The most common definition of Environmental Tax Reform (ETR) is the use of the revenue from environmental taxes to reduce distortionary labour taxes. Although the EU, OECD and academic economic literature may be strongly in favour of environmental taxation as a fiscal policy, and politicians may be intellectually convinced of its merits, there have been very few research efforts devoted to understanding the roles and priorities of the public, policy-makers, businesses and other stakeholders. This paper explores the perceptions and attitudes of business to ETR and, more specifically, to energy taxation. It reviews the various policy instruments and instrument mix options to reduce carbon ant other emissions. In addition, as it is an important determinant of attitudes to ETR, the attitude of business to the environment generally is examined. The principal methodology is a case study of key businesses in Ireland. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with representatives of the firms at their place of employment. While not necessarily representative of all firms, the results show that, for the firms examined, while they all have internal energy policies, these are driven by financial rather than environmental motivations or the existing policy mix. However, some firms did experience a financial saving directly as a result of compliance with EMAS and integrated pollution control regulation. In addition, most of the environmental awareness of companies comes from compliance with EPA regulations. Raising awareness of environmental issues and problems is generally considered to be a prerequisite of changes or improvements in environmental practice and performance and willingness to accept environmental economic instruments such as taxes and charges. Perhaps surprisingly, companies were relatively more enthusiastic about energy taxes if , rather than recycling to reducing labour, the revenues were used to promote energy efficiency, subsidies for renewable energy and environmental education. However, this result is consistent with the attitudes of the general public. FONDAZIONE LANZA Padova, Italy email@example.com NATIONAL ECOLOGICAL CENTER OF UKRAINE Kyiv, Ukraine firstname.lastname@example.com 5 International Conference on Ethics and Environmental Policies BUSINESS STYLES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Kyiv, April 2-6, 2003 Louise Dunne I reland p. 2/12 Introduction This paper is based on socio -economic research that seeks to incorporate the aspects of considering climate change and company behaviour that do not always act rationally and as the market would expect. Policy-makers often run into political trouble with environmental initiatives that seem, on the surface, to be acceptable and workable compromises. Business and business lobbies often start out from an inflexible and cynical stand with regard to proposed new environmental measures, presuming that competitiveness and environmental stringency are mutually exclusive. Of course this is not the case, or not always, but getting past this blockage is one of the main challenges for policy makers and international governments. The general public can be equally suspicious, but the approach to convince them is a different one to business. Typically, we recognise the following broad classes of policy instrument. 1. Command and control, or regulation, whereby a standard of environmental performance is set and enforceable by law, and often administered using an integrated pollution control licensing scheme. Regulations mandating minimum insulation standards in new buildings, or requiring that combined heat and power be used in certain circumstances, are of this character. 2. Direct market based instruments, whereby a direct price signal is given to polluters that emissions impose a cost on society, and that they will pay a penalty per unit of emission every time they pollute. There are two types of direct market based instruments: Environmental taxes and charges, whereby a charge that in theory reflects the marginal external cost being imposed at the optimum point is imposed; Emissions trading, whereby typically the total quantity of emissions per unit time is fixed and this 'envelope' allocated to emitters, and they then trade, with the proviso that emitters always hold sufficient permits to 'cover' their emissions. 3. Indirect market based instruments, including grants and tax and other subsidies, the removal of subsidies and government regulations that encourage environmental degradation, 'green purchasing' policies by governments and companies, and liability for environmental damages. Special capital write -off provisions relating to pollution abatement equipment (environment enhancing subsidies) and removal of subsidies for peat and coal extraction and use (environmentally perverse subsidies), providing for compensation and clean up by the liable parties in the event that they cause environmental degradation, are of this character. 4. Direct investment that facilitates emission reduction e.g. investment in the electrical grid so that it can 'take' additional windpower, and investment in a gas pipeline interconnector that provides additional natual gas to substitute for more carbon rich fuels are of this character. 5. Information that allows producers and consumers to know and understand the implications of the choices they face. Examples include energy audits and performance labelling that allow buyers of buildings, cars and appliances to know what are the energy performance characteristics of their prospective purchase. 6. Voluntary or Negotiated Agreements, whereby a firm or group of firms in a sector commit to meet a particular standard, e.g. carbon emissions per unit of output, typically within a defined period. Such agreements are often encouraged by tax (UK and Denmark) and regulatory (Netherlands) concessions. 7. Research Development and Demonstration (RD&D) which can produce new choices that did not exist before, which reduce the costs of meeting standards, or develop entirely new products and processes that change the nature of products and services. The development of combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT) simultaneously reduced emissions and generation costs. FONDAZIONE LANZA Padova, Italy firstname.lastname@example.com NATIONAL ECOLOGICAL CENTER OF UKRAINE Kyiv, Ukraine firstname.lastname@example.com 5 International Conference on Ethics and Environmental Policies BUSINESS STYLES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Kyiv, April 2-6, 2003 Louise Dunne I reland p. 3/12 Table 1 Taxonomy of Environmental Policy Instruments Instrument Main Strength Main Weakness 1. Command and Control (Regulation) Well established, familiar, few set up costs to implement in developed countries Potential for regulatory capture, high total costs of compliance 2. Direct Market based instruments § Taxes and charges Can reduce total costs of compliance and enhance economy wide performance Politically difficult to raise charges to 'optimal' level. § Emission trading Wide coverage, stakeholder acceptability, reduce total costs of compliance and (perhaps) enhance economy wide performance Free allocation limits economy wide effects and creates transfers from consumers to producers. 3 Indirect Market based Instruments § 'Green' Grants and subsidies Highly popular with beneficiaries Difficult to avoid 'dead weight' losses and high costs relative to benefits at margin. § Removal of environment-ally perverse subsidies. Simultaneously reduces the burden on tax payers and improves their environment. Very difficult to achieve because of beneficiary dependence, e.g. coal industry 4. Direct Investment Very large and continuing impact with large investment. Issues in unfair competition and 'State aid' in EU context 5. Information Can be very cost effective, and empowering of consumers Response limited if not market reality incentives choices 6. Voluntary Agreements High degree of acceptability with some stakeholders Can have high transactions costs and low credibility with environmental NGOs and others 7. RD&D Imposes no pain on emitters Effectiveness doubtful in absence of strong complementary market signal Command and control has been traditionally used to quite some success, and in fact most of the environmental improvements that have been seen from the 1970's onwards, certainly in Ireland, have been due to EMAS and IPC licensing. However, problems exist in the regulatory approach to environmental problems. As Rosenbaum (1991) states, 'No problem casts a larger shadow over the second environmental era than the continuing failure of environmental institutions and policies to achieve many essential regulatory goals' (p. 301). Tenbrunsel et al. (1997) use a psychologica l perspective to investigate the problems associated with standards without denying their benefits. They investigate the nonregulatory approach espoused by many economists, environmentalists and business executives (Anderson and Leal, 1991). They propose that one of the main sources of the costs of the regulatory system is that legal standards become an independent force, taking on a life of their own, leaving rationality, innovation and societal interest behind. They provide evidence of the suboptimal outcomes that can result from an adherence to standards and suggest that this suboptimality is due to a tendency for standards to direct attention toward the law itself and away from the purpose of the law. As Howard (1994, p.50) states, 'Rules preclude initiative. Regimentation precludes evolution.' Tenbrunsel et al. (1997) argue that in many cases, wiser regulation could allow for greater environmental improvement at a lower economic cost than current regulation. Taxes and charges have been used intermittently up to the early 90's, mostly for revenue raising rather than e


The arrangement of informal institution refers to th o se rules which work in society as conventions, customs, traditions, cultures and ideology. In terms of the process of evolution of the system, the arrangement o f informal institution acts as the deepest reason for the appearance of the prob lem of ecological environment. On this consideration, innovations in the process of effecting sustainable development should be made not only in the arrangement of formal institution but also in the arrangement of informal institution. Only through innovations in the arrangement of informal institution, can the retionality of human race in environment be elevated in economic development.


The theory of diffusion in a temperature gradient has been tested by comparing the results of gas mixing experiments and gas unmixing experiments, the unmixing being caused by thermal diffusion. Both types of measurements have been carried out in the same apparatuses with the same temperature distributions, so that corrections cancel on taking ratios. Measurements are reported on H2‐37Ar, H2‐85Kr, D2‐85Kr, T2‐N2, T2‐Kr, and T2‐CO2 over a maximum temperature range of about 195° to 435°K. The theory is confirmed within experimental uncertainty, provided that account is taken of the variation of the thermal diffusion ratio during the course of the diffusion. The ratio of the experimental results to their theoretical predictions is 0.991 ± 0.023. It is therefore possible to make reliable measurements of diffusion coefficients in the presence of temperature gradients.


A recently developed three dimensional concrete law is used for the analysis of concrete specimens and reinforced concrete columns subjected to different load patterns. The hypoelastic, orthotropic concrete constitutive model includes coupling between the deviatoric and volumetric stresses, works with both proportional and non-proportional loads and is implemented as a strain driven module. The FE implementation is based on the smeared crack approach with rotating cracks parallel to the principal strain directions. The concrete model is validated through correlated studies with: (a) experimental tests on confined concrete cylinders; (b) experimental results on three reinforced concrete columns tested at the University of California, San Diego. The correlations are overall very good, and the FE responses capture all the main phenomena observed in the experimental tests.


This paper advances to replace the coal mine surveillance system in existence by using industry component software, imports GIS to found a new model of the inspecting system of the coal mine security at the same time. The coal mine surveillance system combines GIS together to share the data can make use of various data that supervised and controlled by the monitoring system effectively. In order to carry out transferring and translation of real-time Data,and graphical user interface by GIS.


This article develops further results on earnings management and the cost of capital, which complement Strobl (Journal of Accounting Research, forth.). Within a simplified version of the model, I illustrate the existing linkage between earning management activities and firms' cost of capital, even if the individual fraud risk is diversifiable. I identify plausible conditions under which the cost of capital will increase with more earnings management and show that the level of managerial ownership and enforcement are important testable determinants of this association. Lastly, I argue that, in the absence of an observable aggregate wealth portfolio, whether accounting quality is informative on firms' beta or a separate risk factor are observationally equivalent propositions. I then show that an aggregate accounting quality measure would provide information about expected returns.


Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction are major causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Several studies have shown that ageneralized endothelial dysfunction is associated with these complications. Clinical trials have shown that pregnant women who demonstratehigh resistance in uteroplacental blood flow are at higher risk for preeclampsia. Uterine artery Doppler studies both in the second and thefirst trimester can predict pregnancies at increased risk of the complications of impaired placentation. The sensitivity for predicting severepreeclampsia ranges between 80 and 90% for a false positive rate of 5 to 7%. Uterine artery Doppler screening at 20 to 24 weeks�gestation is superior to first trimester screening, and appears to fulfill the requirements for a worthwhile screening test. Further researchis needed to better assess the value of various combinations of uterine artery Doppler and maternal serum markers, for the prediction ofadverse pregnancy outcome.


TANSO-FTS onboard GOSAT is the only sensor that measures Short Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) and Thermal InfraRed (TIR) spectra at the same time and footprint, providing a unique opportunity to retrieve atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations from space. Since the launch of GOSAT in January 2009, TANSO-FTS continues to observe greenhouses gases. Nevertheless, the simultaneous use of SWIR and TIR to extract more information on the greenhouse gas concentrations is limited to theoretical studies (e.g., Herbin et al. 2013).


Physical/sporting activities provide a child with opportunities to interact with others, validate and express him/herself, while also being critical factors in socialisation and the prevention of deviant behaviour. Therefore, in this study, we were interested in which physical/sporting activities are most strongly associated with the management of behaviour problems. Results from a representative sample of 1782 Slovenian primary school students show that a lack of physical/sporting activity is the strongest predictor of internalising behaviour problems. In this context, key roles are played by the frequency and intensity of activity, extracurricular sports activities, practising dance and limiting sedentary transportation to school.


A general model-based methodology is presented for the optimal design of stimulation patterns in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of non-human primates (NHP) that seeks to enhance performance in a Delayed-Match-to-Sample task. The methodology follows a hierarchical Volterra-type modeling approach that expresses the probability of a correct behavioral outcome in terms of multi-convolutional modules involving "Triggering Likelihood Functions" (TLFs), which represent the interactions among multiple neuronal spikes as they impact the outcome. This TLF-based model is estimated from experimental spike-train data recorded in the CA1 region of the hippocampus with multi-electrode arrays. The model can be used to compute the likelihood of a correct outcome for any given set of spike-train data of CA1 multi-neuron activity. This enables the design of the optimal stimulation pattern through a computational search procedure under proper constraints on mean firing rates. We present results of the TLF-based model obtained from experimental NHP data and initial experimental validation of the designed optimal stimulation pattern.


The different filler sorts such as limestone dust, cement and hydrated lime, and different ratios of filler/asphalt which influence properties of asphalt mortars' are studied by a bending test at low temperature. The results show that there is an optimal ratio of filler/asphalt at the aspect of low temperature cracking resistance for asphalt mortars, different asphalt mortars have different optimal ratios, and cement and hydrated lime are helpful to low temperature cracking resistance of asphalt mortars.


This paper introduced the system structure and design principle of CBTC(Communication Based Train Control)Simulation System,and the application of database in CBTC simulation,analyzed the application of directed digraph theory in database design,and introduced design and implementation for database in CBTC simulation


In Individual Strategy and Social Structure, Young describes a particular version of The Segregation Game. This paper begins to extend the work of Young to congurations involving three types of individuals. Seven scenarios representing


This study aims to determine the level of vulnerability zone population explosion wanderer locusts (locustasp) on agricultural land in South Sulawesi Province. Various method scan be used , but in this study using a prediction model level of vulnerability the dominant analysis locust (ADL) This method, put the drought factor as the main cause the explosion of locusts. This analysis is a modification than the dominant analytical animals model, which is one of the analytical models of geographic information system (GIS). The results found three levels of vulnerability wandered locust (Locustasp) on agricultural land in South Sulawesi Province namely a severe impact, medium and low. The third level of vulnerability spread Northern portion of south Sulawesi portion to the south


It is shown that it is possible to control lateral diffusion of phosphorus during an n-well drive-in through appropriate choices of surface thin-film and drive-in conditions. This permits reduced design rules with no change in lithography. The n-well drive-in process takes advantage of vacancy supersaturation caused by SiO formation. In an n-well structure, vacancies are injected only outside the well region, from the thin oxide, and virtually no vacancies are injected from the thick SiO/sub 2/-Si interface. Therefore, while normal P diffusion in the vertical direction in the well is still expected, lateral diffusion of P into the region under the thin oxide can be retarded. >


THE SEMI-BOX GIRDER IS THAT BREED HAVING A PARTLY OPEN AND A PARTLY CLOSED CROSS SECTION. AS SUCH, IT IS NOT AS TORSIONALLY STIFF AS A RECTRANGULAR BOX GIRDER,BUT SUBSTANTIALLY STIFFER IN THIS REGARD THAN AN OPEN SECTION. ITS MAIN ATTRIBUTE IS ITS ABILITY TO RESIST FAILURE BY LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING AND, AS SUCH, IS USEFUL IN BRIDGE WORK TO FACILITATE ERECTION, OR IN OTHER INSTANCES WHEN THE GIRDER IS USED IN AN ISOLATED CONDITIONS, SUCH AS IN A MONRORAIL OR CRANE GIRDER. THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT ARTICLE IS, FIRST, TO DESCRIBE AN APPLICATION INVOLVING A CRANE RUNWAY; SECOND (AND MOST IMPORTANT), TO ILLUSTRATE THE EASE OF HANDLING THE DESIGN OF THIS TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION AND THUS ENCOURAGE ITS USE; AND LAST, TO SUGGEST CODIFICATION RULES. /AUTHOR/


To cope with the ever increasing demand for bandwidth, future wireless networks will be designed with reuse distance equal to one. This scenario requires the implementation of techniques able to manage the strong multiple access interference each cell generates towards its neighbor cells. In particular, low complexity and reduced feedback are important requirements for practical algorithms. In this paper we study an allocation problem for OFDMA networks formulated with the objective of minimizing the load of each cell in the system subject to the constraint that each user meets its target rate. We decompose resource allocation into two sub-problems: channel allocation under deterministic power assignment and continuous power assignment optimization. Channel allocation is formulated as the problem of finding the maximum weighted independent set (MWIS) in graph theory. In addition, we propose a minimal weighted-degree greedy (MWDG) algorithm of which the approximation factor is analyzed. For power allocation, an iterative power reassignment algorithm (DPRA) is proposed. The control information requested to perform the allocation is limited and the computational burden is shared between the base station and the user equipments. Simulations have been carried out under constant bit rate traffic model and the results have been compared with other allocation schemes of similar complexity. MWDG has excellent performance and outperforms all other techniques.


: Forest ecosystems contain many tree-related microhabitats (TreMs), which are used by various groups of organisms. Birds use TreMs for shelter, foraging and breeding. The abundance and variability of TreMs is related to tree stand composition and age. Over the last few centuries there has been a drastic decline in the structural and biological diversity of temperate forests over large areas of the Northern Hemisphere. These changes have reduced the diversity and quantity of TreMs. In this study we showed the relationships between stand composition, the abundance of TreMs, and the species richness of birds in a managed forest. We focused on TreMs that are important to birds: woodpecker breeding cavities, rot holes, dead branches, broken treetops, and perennial polypores. Our study was performed in a managed lowland temperate forest. In 94 plots (10 ha each) we made bird surveys and inventoried the stand composition and TreMs. Our results show that the tree stand composition of a managed forest affects the abundance of TreMs. The share of deciduous trees in the stand favors the occurrence of such TreMs as dead branches, rot holes and perennial polypores. The overall richness of bird species and the species richness of primary cavity nesters depended on the total basal area of oak, hornbeam and birch, whereas the species richness of secondary cavity nesters increased with the total basal area of birch and oak.


ABSTRACT During infection, the Legionnaires' disease bacterium,Legionella pneumophila, survives and multiplies within a specialized phagosome that is near neutral pH and does not fuse with host lysosomes. In order to understand the molecular basis of this organism's ability to control its intracellular fate, we have isolated and characterized a group of transposon-generated mutants which were unable to kill macrophages and were subsequently found to be defective in intracellular multiplication. These mutations define a set of 20 genes (19 icm [for intracellular multiplication] genes and dotA [for defect in organelle trafficking]). In this report, we describe a quantitative assay for phagosome-lysosome fusion (PLF) and its use to measure the levels of PLF in cells that have been infected with either wild-type L. pneumophila or one of several mutants defective in different icm genes ordotA. By using quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy, PLF could be scored on a per-bacterium basis by determining the extent to which fluorescein-labeled L. pneumophilacolocalized with host lysosomes prelabeled with rhodamine-dextran. Remarkably, mutations in the six genes that were studied resulted in maximal levels of PLF as quickly as 30 min following infection. These results indicate that several, and possibly all, of the icmand dotA gene products act at an early step during phagosome establishment to determine whether L. pneumophila-containing phagosomes will fuse with lysosomes. Although not ruled out, subsequent activity of these gene products may not be necessary for successful intracellular replication.


Hand foot syndrome (HFS) and hand foot skin reaction (HFSR) are common side effects of a number of cancer treatments, including fluorouracil, capecitabine, doxorubicin, docetaxel, sunitnib and sorafenib. Hand foot syndrome is erythema of the palmar aspect of the hands and the plantar aspect of the feet accompanied by tingling, burning or painful sensation. This is primarily seen in patients receiving chemotherapy, such as doxorubicin, fluorouracil and docetaxel. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to be caused by concentrations of chemotherapy in the eccrine glands of affected patients. Hand foot skin reaction is similar to hand foot skin reaction with the exception, that the condition is complicated by hyperkeratosis. This condition is most commonly found in patients receiving multitargeted kinase inhibitors (MKI), such as sunitinib and sorafenib. Unlike the chemotherapeutic agents mentioned, the MKI are not found in the eccrine glands of affected patients. Because an overlap in targets for MKI such as sorafenib and sunitinib lies in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibition, HFSR may be an indirect effect of this. Inhibition of VEGFR and PDGFR could prevent vascular repair mechanisms from functioning properly, thereby causing HFSR in high pressure areas, such as the palm of the hands and the soles of the feet. Both conditions can make it difficult or painful to carry out activities of daily living (ADL). For this reason, it is important for nurses to be diligent in managing and minimizing these side effects. Prior to the initiation of therapy, a comprehensive assessment of the patient should include a thorough examination of the skin's condition. The nurse should also assess the likelihood of a patient developing HFS or HFSR based on patient social, work and home life. Patients whose jobs require a significant amount of walking or hand friction are at greater risk of developing HFS and HFSR. Caustic cleaning solutions and hot water are also contributors to the development of these skin toxicities. Educating the patients is an important step in management of HFS and HFSR. When nurses teach patients about the purpose and the side effects of antineoplastic agents and multikinase inhibitors, emphasis of HFS and HFSR and the need to be proactive upon initiation of therapy in taking measures to prevent or minimize them. Avoiding the use of hot water, contact with caustic chemicals, tight fitting shoes and rubber gloves, can reduce the risk of developing HFS and HFSR. Patients should also be taught to recognize the signs and symptoms of HFS and HFSR. HFS and HFSR are graded according to severity (Table I).


Headache is one of the most common complaints in pregnant women. Different conditions including vascular disorders and thrombosis can have role in headache. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of different types of headaches during pregnancy among hospitalized patients. In this descriptiveanalytic study, 616 pregnant women who presented with headache from 2009 to 2015 and were admitted to our university hospital were studied. A checklist was designed which included demographic data, the frequency of different types of headaches, radiologic evaluation, frequency of photophobia, nausea, vomiting, fever, neck stiffness, decreased consciousness level, convulsions, blurred division, palsy, muscular stiffness, vertigo, epigastric pain, and fatigue were recorded using the medical records. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Mean age of the patients was 30.03 years and mean gestational age was 32.63 weeks. Mean gravity was 2.30 and mean parity was 0.09. The most frequent type of headache was related to preeclampsia seen in 430 patients (70%) and the least frequent type was hemorrhaging arteriovenous malformation (AVM) or aneurysm (each was documented in five patients (0.8%)). Due to lack of enough studies about headaches during pregnancy, the presented results can be considered as a basis for Future studies


Previous works have discussed the jurisdictional aspects of administration of intestate estates of Muslims in Malaysia. This paper adds to the literature by exploring the weakness of the current legal framework that may have caused slow distribution and determination of escheatable estates. It focuses on the effectiveness and adequacy of laws and evaluating the existence of mandatory powers or otherwise, regarding reporting deaths of property owners, and their estates, faster termination of administration, and distribution of estates, as well as a quicker ascertainment of escheatable estates. For this, relevant legislations are examined. The paper is a preliminary work that is purely theoretical. The author suggests a conceptual framework that could be the subject of further study.


Surveillance of blood donors is fundamental to safety of the blood supply. Such data can also be useful for public health policy but tend to be underutilized. When the COVID‐19 pandemic arrived, blood centers around the world measured blood donor SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence to inform public health policy. There is now a movement toward blood centers becoming more involved in public health research and surveillance post‐pandemic. However, blood donors are a healthy population and not representative of all segments of the general population. In this article, we explain how blood centers can evaluate their donor base to understand which part of the general population they are representative of.


The article is dedicated to the role of inclusive education in the socializing of children with special needs in France. The article deals with a retrospective analysis of the basic stages of development of the legal frameworks of inclusive education in the French Republic. The development of regulatory legislation and the current state of inclusive education for people with disabilities are studied. Much attention is given to the history of the formation of integrated studies in France and to the reformation of the modern stage of development of French education. Children with disabilities who are not enrolled in ordinary schools may be accepted full-time or part-time at a medico-social centre while continuing their schooling. The introduction of integrated educational practices at the level of higher school is examined. The Law of 11 February 2005 strengthened the framework of this schooling in a specialized environment by creating strong ties to schooling in a mainstream setting and by establishing teaching units within social and medico-social establishments. The education of children and adolescents with serious difficulties, either through disability or illness, is based on an infrastructure, which has slowly grown into a very extensive network. This network includes four sectors: the public education system, under the authority of the Ministry of Education; the medico-educational sector, under the authority of the Ministry of Health, Youth and Sports; the socio-educational sector, under the authority either of the Ministry of Labour, Social Relations and Solidarity or the Ministry of Justice; and the health sector. Nowadays the legal side of inclusive education in France is related to the supervisory functions of the state and wide latitudes of local departments. Key words : inclusive education, education reform, a child with special needs, socialization, integrity.


Nonlinear propagation and scattering of incident sound due to the presence of gas/vapor bodies and temperature‐dependent sound speed and acoustic absorption have been found to contribute to irregular lesion formation during high‐intensity focused ultrasound therapy. The appearance and importance of these mechanisms are dependent on the intensity of insonating sound and the medium properties. In the regime where the focal pressure is slightly above the cavitation threshold and the medium possesses sufficient nuclei, photographic observations and model simulations for tissue phantoms reveal that tadpole lesions start to develop prior to large‐scale boiling; however, enhanced heating from inertial cavitation greatly accelerates the progression to boiling. The relative time scales for cavitation‐triggered boiling and bubble dissolution are studied in order to yield insight on how to control pulse‐mode HIFU insonation in order to either avoid bubble behavior outright or utilize cavitation and boiling to promot...


The laws of armed conflict, or international humanitarian law (IHL), divide armed conflict into two categories, international and non-international, with far fewer rules applicable to the latter. The conflicts of today, however, increasingly blur the lines between the two, often involving non-State parties with military capabilities on a par with States, and wreaking the same destruction as conflicts between States. One such example was the conflict in 2006 between Israel and Hezbollah. This article examines whether the conflict in Lebanon was international or non-international, and asks which laws applied to that conflict. The article argues that the 2006 conflict was non-international, and concludes that only the bare minimum treaty protection, as well as relevant customary laws, applied. In doing so, the article explores the legal problems created by modern conflicts with powerful non-State actors like Hezbollah. It argues for an expansion in the application of the laws applicable to international armed conflict in order to fill the lacuna, and calls for an independent international body to make determinations on the classification of conflicts until the gap between the rules of international and non-international armed conflict can be closed.


Twenty-seven infertile women with hyperprolactinemia were treated with Hachimijiogan (5.0 to 10.0 g/day), Chinese herbal medicine. In 15 out of 18 patients, who were treated with Hachimijiogan, the serum prolactin levels dropped to 19.4 +/- 10.5 ng/ml during Hachimijiogan treatment, and the levels in 8 patients remained essentially unchanged during 6 months after the cessation of Hachimijiogan treatment. Three patients with 100 to 300 ng/ml did not drop to the level below 30 ng/ml. Four of 6 patients with amenorrhea ovulated. Eleven patients conceived and delivered normally. The hormonal profiles during or after pregnancy were normal. These results indicate that Hachimijiogan is a new safe treatment for hyperprolactinemic women.


We discuss a direct Schr\"odinger equation set-up for the diffraction of a quantum particle at (almost) planar patterns with slit-type configurations. Physically meaningful initial values and potentials are modeled via regularizations and the solutions can be interpreted as generalized functions in this approach. We discuss fundamental spectral and scattering theoretical properties of the regularizing solution families and provide also some comparison with the more direct approximations and simplifications used in physics.


A method to start the jump or avoidance of a pair of operations transcoding carried out in series through a first trans-coder, arranged together with a first communication terminal on a local side of a communication network and by a second trans-coder, arranged together with a second communication terminal on a distant network communication side, the method characterized by comprising receiving from the distant side, in a first initial request to bypass or bypass operations being transcoding, information about an encoding format being used at that time on the far side, about encoding capabilities of the distant side, and about a version of a bypassing protocol that provides support distally, and transmitting to the remote side in a second initial request to bypass transcoding operations, information about a trained encoding is being used at that time on the local side, about encoding capabilities of the local side and about a version of a bypassing protocol it supports the local side, and initiate an immediate optimization format encoding only if the local version and the remote version equal or exceed a specific version to allow, on one or both sides, a change of communication format being used at that time, before starting the avoidance operations trans-coding.


The study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil application of the humic preparation Humistar and/or foliar application of the potassium fertilizer Drakar on biometric features, overwintering and state of nutrition, as well as the quantity and quality of winter oilseed rape yield. This study was based on a single-factorial field experiment conducted over 2006-2009 in Chrząstowo, on mesic Typic Hapludalf soil of a granulometric composition of light loam, in a randomized block design, in four replications. The effect of the following was evaluated: Humistar (12% humic acids and 3% fulvic acids), applied pre-sowing into soil, at a rate of 40 dm∙ha (T1); Drakar (25.7% K and 3% N), applied in autumn after formation of 6 leaves (2 dm∙ ha) and in spring, at the beginning of falling petals (4 l∙ha) (T2); combined application of Humistar and Drakar (T3); and the control (T4). In this study has been shown that Drakar had a positive effect on seed yield of oilseed rape. The use of this fertilizer increased the chlorophyll index in the autumn and improved overwintering in relations to the control only when the earlier application of Humistar was made. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of these preparations in weak soils with low content of organic matter and nutrients.


ABSTRACT Background Slowed language production and comprehension in people with aphasia (PWA) is frequently cited as a characteristic of the disorder, even after full recovery. However, results supporting the existence of slowness are inconsistent and the mechanisms are unclear. Previous research has failed to determine the neurocognitive locus of the slowing and whether it is due to left hemisphere damage, general aging, or language-specific mechanisms. The goals of this study are: (1) to explore whether reduced processing speed is present and specific to the presence of aphasia or due to left-hemisphere damage more generally and (2) whether it is specific to the linguistic domain of cognition. Results The results of the mixed effects model revealed significant main effects for groups and domains, and no significant interactions among groups or between domains. The two brain-damaged groups exhibited significantly longer processing times across tasks compared to the NHC group. The processing speed of the PWA group was significantly longer than that of the LHD group across simple perceptual and more cognitively complex tasks. Groups were not significantly different on three nonlinguistic sensory-motor tasks. Conclusions Left-hemisphere damage-related slowing, as well as aphasia-additive slowing, was demonstrated as evidenced by significant differences between the two brain-damaged groups and between these two groups and the NHC group. Therefore, the observed slowing in the PWA group appears to be due to both brain-damage-related and aphasia-additive slowing. Domain-specificity was not observed as evidenced by significant slowing on both linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks in both brain-damaged groups compared to the performance of the NHCs.


Effectiveness of emotional freedom technique on postpartum blue among post caesarean section mothers at selected hospitals, Erode.
OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the level of postpartum blue among control and
experimental groups of post cesarean section mothers before and
after emotional freedom technique.
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2. To compare the effectiveness of emotional freedom technique on
postpartum blue among control and experimental groups of post
cesarean section mothers.
3. To find out the association between posttest scores of postpartum
blue among control and experimental groups of post cesarean
section mothers with their demographic variables.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS
It refers to reduction of postpartum blue symptoms among post
cesarean section mothers as determined by significant difference
between post test scores of control group and experimental group.
EMOTIONAL FREEDOM TECHNIQUE
Emotional freedom technique refers to tapping on acupuncture
points (karate chop, inner eye brow, side of eye, under eye, under nose,
chin, collarbone, under arm, wrist, and crown) for the duration of 30
minutes,once a day for 5 days. Allow the patient to verbalize their
negative and positive thoughts during tapping.(In the 30 minutes first15
minutes for negative thoughts and next 15 minutes for positive
thoughts).
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POSTPARTUM BLUE
Postpartumblue symptoms are feelings of anxiety, tearfulness,
irritation, and restlessness among post cesarean section mothers, which
is measured by, Likert, Am I blue? Assessment scale.
POST CESAREAN SECTION MOTHER
Mother who delivered a baby through caesarean section and
admitted in postoperative ward from the 3rd day of delivery to 7th day.
SELECTED HOSPITALS
TPN Hospital and Government Head Quarters Hospital, Erode.
HYPOTHESES
H1: There is a significant level of postpartum blue among control and
experimental groups of post cesarean section mothers before and after
emotional freedom technique.
H2: There is a significant effectiveness of emotional freedom technique
on postpartum blue among post cesarean section mother in experimental
group than control group.
H3: There is a significant association between post test scores of
postpartum blue among experimental and control groups of post
cesarean section mothers with their demographic variables.


The issue of studying the processes of formation of the violin musical texts of the Western European Baroque is one of the most relevant in contemporary Russian musicology. Its complexity and multidimensionality consists in the indissoluble unity of the musical text with the diverse forms of vocal and instrumental music-making, not limited in the least to violin music. Representing a significant stratum of the performance practice of the baroque style and period, the musical text of compositions for solo violin still remains a enigma and a point of attraction of contemporary musicians aspiring to discover the "key" to its authentic interpretation. At the same time in musicology an apparent preference is given to comprehension of the regular laws of the baroque instrumental performance practice and the reflection of its specificity in clavier and organ compositions with a contrapuntal type of thematicism. The musical text of compositions for solo violin remains on the periphery of research interests, since having been notated on one line it has been traditionally regarded as monophonic, connected with the melodic element. Thorough attention is called for by the baroque practice of ensemble and orchestral music-making, in the "bosom" of which the principles of violin solo performance has been generated. Upon examination of the most general regular laws of formation of the solo violin musical text through the prism of the specificity of instrumental music-making of the baroque period the approach emerged in the elaborations of the scholarly issue "The Musical Text and the Performer" at the Laboratory for Musical Semantics (academic advisor Liudmila Shaymukhametova). It presented the possibility of systematic study of the historical musical text as a variable and poly-structural phenomenon which contains traits of musical texts for other instruments. Keywords: the practice of music-making, baroque, violin, solo musical text.


Chinese story Lady Bai Imprisoned Under Leifeng Tower,Japanese Story Lustful Snake and British story Lamia are eastern and western representatives of the legends about man and snake falling in love.The eastern and western developments of the image associations of snakes revealed in these stories are surprisingly similar yet the specific associations are somewhat different.In the three stories,the similarities and differences of snake women reflect the universalities of the developments of human history and culture,the historical contexts of the stories,and the differences in the eastern and western cultural backgrounds.


Hemodialysis patients have a high prevalence of constipation related to medication use, water restriction, insufficient dietary fiber intake, and reduced physical activity. Thus, these patients use drugs for constipation (DFC) more than five times that used by healthy individuals. In hemodialysis patients, two pathological factors, namely, reduced defecation function and DFC use itself, occur. These factors could be related to deteriorating life prognosis resulting from altered intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal complications, or declining quality of life. In the general population, some reports have suggested that constipation and DFC use are risk factors of coronary artery disease, cardiovascular death, or all-cause death. However, whether such risk factors are appropriate for hemodialysis patients has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association between DFC use and risk of death in hemodialysis patients.

 In this prospective cohort study based on the Japan-Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (J-DOPPS), we used J-DOPPS phase 1-5 (1998-2015) data. Hemodialysis patients enrolled in the J-DOPPS whose dialysis vintage was >3 months (n=12,217) were divided into two groups according to usage (DFC group;n=3,721) and non-usage (non-DFC group;n=8,496) of DFC. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. Secondary endpoints were deaths from infection, malignancy, and cardiovascular causes. Hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using multilevel Cox regression analysis with facility level. Potential confounders were adjusted by the inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score. Rubin's rule was used for combined data. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using instrumental variable method to assess the effect of unmeasured confounders. Missing data were imputed using multilevel multiple imputation repeated 20 times.

 DFCs were prescribed in 30.5% of patients at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 730 [418, 974] days, 1,240 deaths from any cause were noted. Overall data were analyzed first. Although DFC use was associated with increased mortality risk (adjusted HR, 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 1.21), proportional assumptions were not met (Figure). Then, we only analyzed data of patients with observation period >1.5 years. In this study, 8,345 patients had an observation period >1.5 years, DFCs were prescribed in 31.0% of patients at baseline, and 389 patients died from any cause. Marked difference was observed after 1.5 years from baseline (adjusted HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17, 1.55). Risks for deaths from infections (adjusted HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.14, 2.29) and malignancy (adjusted HR 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08, 2.36) were higher in the DFC group, but no difference in cardiovascular death risk was found (adjusted HR 1.11; 95% CI, 0.91, 1.36).

 In hemodialysis patients, DFC use was associated with an increased risk of death. Thus, it may be important to manage defecation habit without using DFC by modulating intake of dietary fibers, exercise, or use of medications that are less likely to cause constipation.


Stemming from the definition of the Cauchy principal values (CPV) integrals, a newly developed symmetrical quadrature scheme was proposed in the paper for the accurate numerical evaluation of the singular boundary integrals in the sense of CPV encountered in the boundary element method. In the case of inner-element singularities, the CPV integrals could be evaluated in a straightforward way by dividing the element into the symmetrical part and the remainder(s). And in the case of end-singularities, the CPV integrals could be evaluated simply by taking a tangential distance transformation of the integrand after cutting out a symmetrical tiny zone around the singular point. In both cases, the operations are no longer necessary before the numerical implementation, which involves the dull routine work to separate out singularities from the integral kernels. Numerical examples were presented for both the two-and the three-dimensional boundary integrals in elasticity. Comparing the numerical results with those by other approaches demonstrates the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Background: Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) predisposes patients to iron deficiency due to compensatory secondary erythrocytosis. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency among infants and children having cyanotic and non-cyanotic congenital heart disease. Patients and methods : This was a case-control study enrolled 30 children with congenital heart disease whether cyanotic or non-cyanotic at the Department of Pediatrics and Intensive Care Cardiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine at Zagazig University Pediatrics Hospital. They divided into 15 cyanotic and 15 non-cyanotic congenital heart disease. In addition, 15 healthy age- and sex-matched children were included as a control group ranged from 1 to 5 years ago. Children were investigated by doing complete blood count, pulse oximetry, erythrocyte indices and iron profile, based on the transferrin saturation. Results : Iron deficiency anemia was found among 7 (53.3%) patients with CCHD, 2 (13.3%) patients with noncyanotic congenital heart disease and 5 (33.3%) healthy children. There was no statistically difference between CCHD children, non-cyanotic congenital heart disease children and normal healthy children. Conclusion : Iron deficiency anemia remains a very common health problem and leads to high morbidity and mortality rates among children with congenital heart disease.


PROs, highly considered tools for the personalization of therapies and for research, are still scarcely used in clinical practice. Patient organizations played an important role in the validation process of these tools and are engaged in their dissemination and development.


The objective of this research was to study the level of work integrated learning (WIL), and the competency of the teaching profession based on the standards of knowledge of the graduates at St. Theresa International College. The study group consisted of 115 graduates pursuing Graduate Diploma in Teaching Profession Program. The questionnaire was constructed by the researcher and tested for validity, which evidenced that it holds good reliability. The statistical tools used for the study were descriptive statistics and Pearson's simple correlation moment. It is found that the work integrated learning (WIL) and competency of graduates pursuing Graduate Diploma in Teaching Profession is at high level. It is also found that the relationship between work integrated learning and competency of the graduates in teaching profession is at moderate level .505, with a statistical significance value of .01. Hence, strong relationship was not found between the individual dimensions. Further measures should be taken to reduce the gaps. Recommendations are presented for the further study. Keywords: Work integrated learning, competency of graduates, teaching profession


EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP TURPIN, VINCE H. M.A. ATLANTA UNIVERSITY, 1984 THE INFLUENCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINE, TEACHER/STUDENT RELATIONSHIP, STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT, ATTENDANCE AND CONDUCT ON THE DECISION BY STUDENTS OF STEPHENS COUNTY HIGH SCHOOL TO DROP OUT Advisor: Dr. Trevor Turner Thesis dated December, 1991 The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ad ministrative discipline procedure, teacher/student relationship, stu dent achievement, student attendance, and student conduct on the deci sion by students of Stephens County High School to drop out of school. Results indicated that teacher/student relationship does influence the decision to drop out. Further, these teachers are more likely to be female. Administrative discipline procedure can affect the decision to drop out. While student achievement does not directly affect but plays an important role in de *sion making to drop out, attendance will hinder the motive to continue. Student conduct had no effect on the decision to drop out. Gender, race, and socioeconomic status were con founded in the results.


SrTa 2 O 6 thin films were prepared by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition using strontium bis[tantalum (pentaethoxy)(2-methoxyethoxide)], Sr[Ta(OC 2 H 5 ) 5 (OC 2 H 4 OCH 3 )] 2 , and an O 2 plasma. The thickness of the SrTa 2 O 6 thin film increased linearly with the number of cycles employed, and the deposition rate at 250°C was about 0.05 nm per cycle. The Sr/Ta ratio in the SrTa 2 O 6 films decreased slightly with increasing deposition temperature. SrTa 2 O 6 films prepared at 250°C showed a stoichiometric composition. The surface morphology of an as-deposited film at 250°C was very smooth, with an rms roughness of about 0.23 nm. Furthermore, the morphology of the film remained unchanged after high temperature annealing. From the relationship between the capacitance equivalent thickness (CET) of the film and the physical thickness of SrTa 2 O 6 . the CET for the interfacial layer and the dielectric constant of SrTa 2 O 6 were calculated to be approximately 1.75 nm and 30.5, respectively.