In field archaeology in the UK there is no clear division between period based archaeology (such as historic or prehistoric archaeology). Despite this seeming advantage in comparison to the development of archaeology in other countries, we have experienced difficulties in achieving an acceptable level of integration between terrestrial and submerged archaeology in all its forms marine, nautical, underwater and maritime.


Based on the 3D Maxwell's equation in time domain,the pseudo-spectral method is used to simulate electromagnetic propagation in whole-space in time domain in this paper. The six components of electromagnetic field are transformed to same form.By means of replacing source with initial condition,the problem of respond with source is transformed to the problem with initial condition. Then the fast Fourier transforming is used to compute spatial derivatives and the Chebyshev expansion to approximate evolution operator. To verify the method,the numerical solutions of response of transient line in whole-space are compared with analytical solutions. The numerical solutions of response of a transient electric dipole in whole-space shows that transient electromagnetic method( TEM) has high resolution to low resistance and low resolution to high resistance. And the advantage of pseudospectral method is that it can simulate electromagnetic propagation and the response of the low resistance continuously. Finaly, it discusses the potential application fields of pseudo-spectral method are mine and seafloor TEM.


Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and is the third leading cause of cancer mortality with an estimated 50, 310 deaths occurring in 2014 in the United States. There has been a steady decline in the incidence of colorectal cancer over the past 30 years, which is largely due to early endoscopic screening. Surgical management remains the mainstay of treatment for early and locally-advanced non-metastatic colon cancers, and in patients with initially resectable liver or lung-only metastases. Systemic therapies have shown to significantly improve outcomes when given in the neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant setting in these patients, and when used as principal therapy in patients with unresectable metastatic disease. The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Stage III and high risk stage II disease significantly improves recurrence free survival. Patients with oligometastatic Stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) who receive post-operative chemotherapy have a median OS that exceeds 5 years in some studies. The advent of targeted molecular therapies has further helped improve outcomes in patients with metastatic CRC cancer. Patients with unresectable metastatic disease who receive a combination of systemic chemotherapy and targeted agents have a median overall survival over 2 years today. It is important that patients be exposed to all active agents during their disease course to achieve this survival benefit. In this review article we summarize important clinical trials that have led to an evidence-based approach to the management of colon cancer.


Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) tunnel segments were tested as an alternative solution to the classical precast reinforced concrete (RC) segments Since this loading has been considered as critical for the lining reinforcement, the experimental frame was designed in order to represent the bi-directional bending and torsion due to the badly equilibrated thrust of the tunnel boring machine, which may lead to failures (sometimes observed on site). The tests and measurements are described. The global behaviour, cracking process and failure modes of both types of segments are presented and discussed. For the SFRC segments studied, in the test configuration, the failure load is about 2.3 times smaller than the reference ultimate load of RC segments, which confirms the lack of ductility of deep SFRC elements under flexural loading. Laying SFRC tunnel segments would thus require specific care in steering and thrust applying.


At present, information and communication technology has been brought to a number of businesses in order to make the operations more convenient adding to their values. Restaurant management can be more efficient with the help of technology. Both the owner and the customer will find it more convenient and hence values will be added from the good impression and the efficient administration and management of the entrepreneurs. As living standards improved, people not only focus on good diet but also on the dining environment and home deliveries. In addition, the management of traditional hotels is a relatively low level wherein all the operations are basically carried out by hand, the time taken by the waiter for taking orders is long, the waiter rushes about with leaflets and high error probability. Also, while taking home delivery orders, there can be mistakes done in a similar way while noting the orders. Today, hospitality and services have a great impact on the business. On this basis, the automated food ordering system came with the tide of fashion. The orders from the customer's tablet are sent directly to the kitchen as well as updated in the central database. Due to the tablets the waiter does not need to leave the tables to process the orders, they can spend more time in satisfying and grooming the customers, there won't be any issues of orders being mixed, waiters will know the availability of the food as the messages will be sent to the waiter's tablet from the kitchen, status of the ordered food can be checked at any time by the waiter as well as the customer. Plus, there will be an online version available for home delivery of food. All these goals can be achieved by this proposed system.


Networks of workstations make cheap and powerful parallel processors and many systems have been demonstrated using Unix workstations. Personal computers, with their cheap, high performance CPUs, can also be used in a similar way. However, if we are to exploit the multitudes of PCs that sit on desks idle for much of the time, we need robust systems. The uncontrolled environment and physical separation between elements of the parallel system make them prone to a variety of faults that would not normally plague a single processor in a machine room. We describe extensions made to the run-time system for Old MacDonald-a network of PowerPC based Macintoshes-to enable programs written in a functional style using Cilk-a threaded extension of C-to continue in the face of processor and network failures and unpredictable delays likely to be encountered when using widely dispersed machines as components of a parallel system.


Place is one of the most elements in a novel because it is a space where there are elements of the novel and the relationship established among them, including events. Also, it is an environment to form character and the element that completes the time of the story. "Place" in the novel has witnessed many changes in new studies and also multiple different categories have been formed for it. The present study intends to investigate one of these categorizations- i.e., closed and open places (which is entitled spatial dichotomy or the confrontation between two opposing spaces and its effect on the characters of the story. The reason why we chose this novel was to examine the high frequency of open or closed places such as houses, schools, cities, and villages in the novel. One of the most important results is a wide-ranging description of the closed spaces due to the living problems and personality disorders of the novel characters. Moreover, the novel indicates that open places are not always a source of happiness and well-being for the characters, rather psychological and material consequences and effects of these places may differ in person's perspective to that place. The method applied in the study is a descriptive-analytical one, based on the description and analysis of the data derived from the context of the novel.


The Sienese humanist Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini spent his later life, including his pontificate as Pope Pius II (1458–1464), explaining away the errors of his youth. He had, as a young cleric, adhered to the Council of Basel (1431–1449) and its antipope, Felix V. Aeneas self-consciously changed his interpretation of Felix, the former Duke Amadeus VIII of Savoy, from favorable to unfavorable. Even his physical description of the antipope became negative. Nonetheless, he was careful to place the worst criticism of Felix into the mouths of others, further distancing himself from his past. Piccolomini's nephew, Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, had Felix excluded from the pictures narrating his uncle's life he had Pinturicchio execute for the Piccolomini Library in Siena.


Acceleration of rates of development of society, dynamic development of economy and increase of a role of the human capital impose new requirements to training of specialists. In this regard the main objective of professional education consists in formation of the competent identity of the expert capable to self-development, self-education, innovative activity. For the solution of this task it is necessary to teach students to acquire independently knowledge, to analyze information, to study it and to use for the solution of specific professional problems and technical tasks. The position of authors is under construction on the statement that only systematic independent work and control of its performance promote formation of creative thinking of the students capable to the solution of professional tasks. It is shown that development of modern methodical approaches and didactic tutorials is necessary for the organization of independent work. In article the detailed characteristic of the purposes, tasks, organizational forms and types of independent work of students is given. The organization of independent work of students on a rating basis is favorably reflected in quality of education as has flexible, variable, raznourovnevy character, stimulates students to work systematically, allows to reduce in most cases time for clarification of readiness of students to occupations. Various forms of maintenance of SRS and a way of increase of its efficiency are shown. The conclusion that the systematic work which is carried out by teachers of higher education institution of the organization of independent work of students in the conditions of rating system of training allows to make active informative and creative independence trained that considerably improves quality of training of future graduates is drawn.


110 X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) have distinctive characteristics such as high peak intensity, short pulse duration and coherence. Since XFELs require a high-brightness electron beam for lasing, a linear accelerator is used as an electron beam driver. Therefore, the electron beam is generally provided to only one beamline at the same time. In order to improve the usability and efficiency of XFEL facilities and satisfy the increasing demand for user experiments, the distribution of the electron beam to multiple beamlines has become an important issue. SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) has been open to user experiments since 2012 [1]. Currently two XFEL beamlines (BL2 and BL3) and one EUV FEL beamline (BL1) are in operation. BL1 is driven by the SCSS+ accelerator and independently operated from XFEL beamlines. In 2015, a switchyard composed of a kicker magnet and a DC septum magnet was installed at the end of the linear accelerator of SACLA. The switchyard can distribute 60 Hz electron bunches from pulse to pulse in three directions corresponding to the two XFEL beamlines and an electron beam injection line to the SPring-8 storage ring [2]. Figure 1 is a schematic of the current SACLA facility. Since the stability of the electron beam orbit inside undulators is critically important for XFELs to ensure interaction between electrons and photons, high stability and reproducibility are required for the switchyard, particularly for the kicker magnet. At the switchyard, the destination of the electron beam is determined by the kicker magnet, which deflects the beam by either 0° or ±0.5°. The deflected beam is further bent by the DC septum magnet (2.5°) as shown in Fig. 1. The deflection angle of the kicker magnet is made as small as possible to relax the stability requirement for the pulsed power supply. The pulsed power supply employs PWM (pulse width modulation) regulation using eight FETs connected in parallel and it generates bipolar trapezoidal current waveforms with arbitrary amplitudes to cover various beam energies. Figure 2 shows the pulse-to-pulse stability of the kicker magnetic fields measured by a gated Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) probe. The typical peak-to-peak stability is 1×10–5 except for a slow drift, which can be corrected by electron beam orbit feedback. In the multi-beamline operation, several user experiments are performed in parallel. Consequently, the wavelengths of the XFEL may be different between Pulse-by-pulse multi-beamline operation of SACLA


The construction of dams has had more impact on the survival of salmon than any of the other activities of man. Because of the necessity for providing safe passage over the physical obstructions of dams, fishways were provided to permit adult fish to swim over the dams to continue their upstream migration. The large scale of fishway construction required more information on fish behavior and abilities, therefore a special laboratory for fishery-engineering research was constructed in which the reactions of anadromous fish were measured. Experiments provided data on the spatial requirements of salmon on fishways, on rates of movement of ascending fish, and on the effect of fishway slope and length on fish performance. Mortality rates for juvenile fish have been estimated at 15 percent loss per dam, thus studies were undertaken to develop practical methods of protecting young migrants at dams. Dams created other environmental stresses such as delays in migration, temperature changes, and ''nitrogen supersaturation.'' To avoid the cumulative hazards of a long series of dams, a system is being developed to collect and transport young migrants to the estuary. (CAJ)


Abstract The atmospheric response to the oceanic forcing in the eastern Pacific along the northern equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) front is investigated in terms of sensible and latent heat flux during the 6-month period from 28 July 1999 to 27 January 2000 and the 7-month period from 28 June 2000 to 27 January 2001. Of particular interest is the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) response to oceanic tropical instability waves (TIWs) that distort the SST front during May–January in normal years. In previous studies, time series of surface heat fluxes clearly show the influence of TIWs, but the relationship to spatial patterns of SST and wind speed has been inferred only from sparse in situ data. In this study, satellite observations are used as a basis for compositing in situ data from moorings to compensate for the lack of a spatially dense mooring array. The variability in the position of the SST front caused by westward-propagating TIWs enables fixed mooring locations to measure the ABL response...


Abstract Research in Augustine is manifold. Recent scholarship in Germany focused upon Augustine's heresiology (esp. against Manichaeism, but also Pelagianism, Donatism, Priscillianism), the controversy with Neoplatonism, his exegesis (esp. in sermons and in de Genesi ad litteram), emotions (esp. for the description of sin and grace), and his widespread correspondence. As important impulses for modern theology, his concept of God may be of special interest. God establishes his will in time and history and cannot be urged against his will. This is the presupposition not only for Augustine's christology and pneumatology, but also for his understanding of history and his doctrine of grace. The latter takes into consideration the social context of human beings, the emotional character of voluntary decisions and the ongoing development of individual identity. Furthermore, good and evil are not equal options, but the good is only possible if God enables the individual to act according to his insights and exerts a direct influence upon one's will. Insights or knowledge are not salvific by themselves, but belong to one's development that leads to a better understanding of creation and revelation exactly when it is orientated towards God's salvific operations.


Our modelling studies of the Wairakei and Ohaaki geothermal fields have been ongoing for more than 30 years and it is now possible to check back on the predictions made from early studies carried out in the 1990s and early 2000s and determine how well the predictions made by those models compare with reality. There are several problems with a retrospective assessment of the 1990s and early 2000s models. The most significant is that the future scenarios considered then are different from the actual production and injection strategies followed. We overcame this difficulty by using the actual production /injection history with the old models. In general the models perform quite well in matching the production history but in both cases they are too conservative and the actual performance of Wairakei and Ohaaki has been better than that predicted by models from the late 1990s or early 2000s. In both cases the number of make-up wells used in the original future scenarios turned out to be more than have actually been required The main discrepancies arise because of the development of new and/or deeper production zones, not included in the old models. In some cases, e.g. the shallow steam zone at Te Mihi (Wairakei), the permeability has turned out to be even higher than the high value used in the old model and production has continued past the point when the old model predicts failure should occur due to a large pressure decline.


In the article topical problems of private-state partnership management with an object of its effective development are considered. Private-state partnership represents itself as a major tool of project realization in strategically important branches of national economy, and first of all in the innovative sphere.


ABSTRACT The extraction of Am3+ and Eu3+ with 6,6'-bis(5-alkyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine (BPzBPy, alkyl = i-Bu, n-Bu, n-Oct) from HNO3 medium and the complexation of BPzBPy with Eu3+ were investigated. By using meta-nitrobenzotrifluoride (F-3) as a diluent, iBu-BPzBPy ligand in combination with 2-bromohexanoic acid was able to extract Am3+ over Eu3+ with the nature of significantly high efficiency, relatively fast extraction kinetics, and easy stripping. Slope analysis showed the formation of a 1:2 metal/ligand extraction species. The analyses of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectrum (TRLFS) revealed that the composition of the extracted complex was [Eu(H2O)L2]A3 (L = ligand; HA = 2-bromohexanoic acid). The complexation of iBu-BPzBPy ligand with Eu3+ was an enthalpy-driven spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy-decreasing process. Besides, the complex stability constants were also obtained via UV–vis spectrophotometric titration. Combining the results of solvent extraction and complexation studies, a cation exchange extraction model was also proposed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Background: Alopecia Areata (AA), also known as spot baldness is thought to be autoimmune in origin, marked by patchy, non-scarring hair loss. More recently, a strong association between the sufferers of AA and disorders of mood disturbances, anxiety and depression has been noted. Aim: To determination the mean quality of life score in patients with alopecia areata (AA). Study design: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Place and duration: Department of Dermatology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from March 2021 to September 2021. Methodology: After ethical approval, we included 124 patients irrespective of their gender aged between 18-60 years presenting with AA in this study after informed consent. Patient's demographic details were noted. Quality of life was assessed using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score. Results: Of the total 125 patients, about 59.2% patients were male and 40.8% females, with a mean of 29.72±11.01 years. The mean duration of disease was 9.45±8.56 months. DLQI score ranged from 2 to 24 with a mean of 6.74±4.60. When stratified, DLQI score was significantly higher among females (p=0.008), those with disease duration >12 months (p=0.000) and severe disease (p=0.024). Conclusion: This study found that AA is associated with deterioration of quality of life of patients and the effect is more marked among female patients and those with more severe and chronic disease. Key-words: alopecia areata, quality of life, dermatology, autoimmune disease


The present invention is a name "biomedical sensor single-use." Self-powered disposable biomedical sensor includes a printed electrode on a wet base sheet. Wet electrode element with an electrolyte to enhance electrical contact with the surface to be measured. Furthermore, encapsulated in a hermetically sealed compartment in the battery printed on the base sheet. Disposable self-powered sensors may be stored within the housing or package, housing or package provide a suitable atmosphere to prevent the electrolyte from drying out and to extend the shelf life of the sensors.


Insect cell cultures have become important tools in the production of biological substances for use in a variety of research, human and veterinary medicine, and pest control applications. These applications often require the introduction of foreign DNA into the cells and have generally used methods originally developed for use with human and other mammalian cell cultures. While these methods can be successfully employed, they are often less efficient with insect cells and frequently involve complex procedures or require specialized equipment. Even when they do work, they may require substantial modification because of differences in the culture medium or growth patterns of insect cells. In this study, We have optimized transfection conditions of Sf9 cell line using insect expression vector pIZT/V5-His which expresses green fluorescent protein effectively. Human stem cell factor (hSCF) is a glycoprotein that plays a key role in hematopoiesis acting both as a positive and negative regulator, often in synergy with other cytokines. It also plays a key role in mast cell development, gametogenesis, and melanogenesis. It can exist in membrane-bound form and in proteolytically released soluble form. As determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed, hSCF level in supernatant averaged 995 ng/ml. The human hSCF was partially purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The results show that the hSCF has N-linked carbohydrate and corresponds to the soluble form, at or about 223 amino acids in length. The findings suggest functional importance for soluble hSCF in cells.


Introduction The aim of this study was to facilitate and deepen the understanding of the associations of the clinical significance of PLA2G16 and CDH11 in patients with osteosarcoma. Material and methods We collected 50 paired osteosarcoma tissues and adjacent normal bone tissues and evaluated the expression of PLA2G16 and CDH11 by quantitavise reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results PLA2G16 expression was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues when compared with adjacent normal bone tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (4.78 ±0.70 vs. 1.31 ±0.65; p < 0.05). Our data indicated that high expression of PLA2G16 was significantly related to advanced TNM stage and metastasis or recurrence (p < 0.05). The expression level of CDH11 was lower in osteosarcoma tissues (median relative expression level ± SD: 6.29 ±1.43) than adjacent normal bone tissues (mean ± SD: 13.72 ±3.08, p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that decreased expression of CDH11 was strongly linked to advanced TNM stage, and metastasis or recurrence (p < 0.05). Log-rank analysis showed that patients with high expression of PLA2G16 have shorter overall survival than those with low expression. Moreover, shorter overall survival was significantly correlated with decreased expression of CDH11. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that PLA2G16 (p = 0.028; HR = 2.621; 95% CI) and CDH11 (p = 0.023; HR = 2.81; 95% CI) expression and also metastasis or recurrence (p = 0.03; HR = 2.531; 95% CI) were independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. Conclusions These findings suggest that PLA2G16 and CDH11 expression can be independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma.


Brain tumour segmentation can improve diagnostics efficiency, rise the prediction rate and treatment planning. This will help the doctors and experts in their work. Where many types of brain tumour may be classified easily, the gliomas tumour is challenging to be segmented because of the diffusion between the tumour and the surrounding edema. Another important challenge with this type of brain tumour is that the tumour may grow anywhere in the brain with different shape and size. Brain cancer presents one of the most famous diseases over the world, which encourage the researchers to find a high-throughput system for tumour detection and classification. Several approaches have been proposed to design automatic detection and classification systems. This paper presents an integrated framework to segment the gliomas brain tumour automatically using pixel clustering for the MRI images foreground and background and classify its type based on deep learning mechanism, which is the convolutional neural network. In this work, a novel segmentation and classification system is proposed to detect the tumour cells and classify the brain image if it is healthy or not. After collecting data for healthy and non-healthy brain images, satisfactory results are found and registered using computer vision approaches. This approach can be used as a part of a bigger diagnosis system for breast tumour detection and manipulation.


This article discusses the meaning of jury "predictability" and whether jury research supports claims of unpredictability. It then analyzes the factors that are associated with perceptions of civil jury unpredictability using data from (1) surveys of corporate and insurance attorneys' views of the civil justice system, and (2) the outcomes of civil jury trials in state courts. Perceptions of punitive damages dominate business and insurance industry attorneys' jury predictability ratings. Punitive damages data are significantly and strongly related to attorneys' judgments about jury predictability across states. This strong association occurs despite evidence of infrequent punitive damage award requests and less frequent occurrence of punitive awards.


Product quality and design are two strategies used to win the competition, particularly in the furniture industry. An industry (furniture) is an industry that processes raw materials or semi-finished materials, rattan, and other natural materials into finished goods that can be called furniture, which has high added value and benefits. The method of data collection involves using interviews and observations on simple furniture. The strategic planning method uses the SWOT method to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the furniture business. This analysis involves determining the specific goals of the furniture business and identifying the supporting and non-supporting internal and external factors to achieve that goal. In terms of strength and opportunities, it is clear that the furniture business can still thrive with the amount of cleared land to be used as housing. In terms of weaknesses (weaknesses) and threats (threats), i.e., the number of businesses engaged in the same field and the increasing difficulties of accessing raw materials, The results of the analysis and evaluation in this study found that product quality and design had a positive effect on Simple Furniture's ability to establish and maintain cooperation with loyal consumers.


ABSTRACT In this study, 2,4,4,6-tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadienone (TABCO) was prepared and used successfully as a stable phosphine-free reagent for the conversion of alcohols into alkyl thiocyanates and epoxides into 2-hydroxythiocyanates. The reactions seem to proceed via in situ generation of electrophilic sulfur species by reaction of NH4SCN and TABCO. This combined reagent worked well with both alcohols and epoxides in acetonitrile solvent and under solvent-free conditions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The contents of Cu, Zn, pb, Cd and Hg were analyzed in raw materials used to produce bread samples ie. (wheat flour 82% and 72%, wheat bran, tap water, salt, compressed yeast, dough and final product (shamey, Balady and bran bread samples) and different types of bread samples which collected from El-Mansoura City super market. These heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrorphotometry (AAS). The results showed that:  The concentrations of heavy metals in compressed yeast and wheat bran were higher than other raw materials.  The amount of heavy metals were in bran higher than in whole wheat flour than wheat flour ext. 82% than wheat flour ext. 72%.  The highest level of this heavy metals were in bran bread samples (4.944 – 5.335 mg/kg for Cu, 34.166 – 36.145 mg/kg for Zn, 1.907 – 2.076 mg/kg for pb, 0.2 – 1.10 mg/kg for Cd and 0.01 – 0.013 mg/kg for Hg).


The non-intelligence factor,a psychology concept opposite to intelligence factors,has close contact and can influence the whole mental factors of the intelligence.It is an organic combination of attention,emotion,will,need,motive,ideal,conviction,global view,value,interest,interest,qualities,personality etc.and has active education function.Therefore,the educators should strengthen students' non-intelligence development and promote students comprehensive and harmonious development.


Propagation of the fig tree predominately uses hardwood cuttings obtained from pruning stock plants. With a view to optimising fig tree propagation, the effects of auxin and misting on the rooting of herbaceous and hardwood cuttings from the fig tree were evaluated. An experiment was set up in a 2x2x2 factorial design, with two types of cuttings (softwood and hardwood), two levels of auxin (0 and 1000 mg L -1 indolbutyric acid) and two environments (with and without misting). Thirty days after starting the experiment, rooting, root length, sprouting and losses were all evaluated. The interaction of the type of cutting and the auxin was significant for rooting, sprouting, root length and cutting loss. Misting did not affect the variables analysed. In the absence of auxin, there was no difference between the type of cutting for rooting, length of root and sprouting, while the application of auxin (1,000 mg L -1 ) produced a reduction in these variables. The production of fig tree seedlings can be made from either softwood or hardwood cuttings and does not require the use of auxin or misting.


The article is devoted to finding out best machine learning model used for the analysis of magnetohydrodynamic pump. The machine learning model was created on the basis of data obtained as a result of numerical simulation of the unit using COMSOL Multiphysics. The paper compares errors of output data collected by using various machine learning methods for out-of-sample data.


Abstract The swine genetic type "Nero di Parma" has been obtained after a preservation programme of a local breed suitable for outdoor rearing systems in Parma province. Actually, 480 females and 35 males are registered by Italian Swine Breeders Association and are reared in 28 herds of Parma province. The study involved the analysis of the reproductive performance of 120 sows from 19 boars, born between 1999 and 2005, during 211 parities from 2002 to 2006. For each parity, the boar, the age of the sow, the length of the farrowing interval, and the litter size (number of born alive, stillborn and weaned piglets) were recorded. Two rearing systems of the farrowing sows (from the final phase of gestation to the end of lactation) were considered: indoor (sows closed off in individual stalls or farrowing cages) and outdoor (sows in individual huts inside the paddocks, with straw bedding); dry sows in both systems had access on pasture with forage and concentrate integration. Data concerning sows performance were analyzed by a GLM procedure with a mixed model containing, as fixed factors, the type of rearing system of farrowing sows (2 levels: indoor, outdoor), the parity (4 levels: 1, 2, 3, >3), the farrowing season (4 levels), 1st degree interactions and, as a random factor, the father (n=19). Data concerning litter size were analyzed with a mixed model containing, as fixed factors the type of rearing system of farrowing sows, the parity, the farrowing season and year (5 levels), the herd (n=20) nested within type of rearing system, 1st degree interactions and, as a random factor, the boar (n=30). In both models, the inbreeding coefficient of sows, calculated from pedigree analysis, was used as a covariate. Type of farrowing sows rearing system significantly affected (P<0.05) the age at parities and the length of farrowing intervals. Farrowing sows reared indoor showed lower age at parities (737 vs 834 d) and farrowing intervals (236 vs 269 d) than outdoor sows. Parity number and inbreeding coefficient significantly affected (P<0.001) age at parities but not farrowing intervals. Additive genetic effect was significant (P<0.001) for both traits. With reference to litter size, no significant effects (P>0.05) were shown by type of rearing system on number of born alive piglets (8.51 vs 7.21 for indoor and outdoor sows, respectively), as year (P<0.05), season*year interaction (P<0.05) and boar (P<0.001) significantly affected the number of stillborn; type of rearing system showed a highly significant effect (P<0.001) on the number of weaned piglets (6.57 vs 3.95 for indoor and outdoor sows, respectively). In conclusion, the sows from the genetic type "Nero di Parma" show actually a low reproductive performance, however in line with those reported for other autochthonous breeds. In addition, the traits are affected by a rearing system, in which the control by the breeder is moderate. Because genetic improvement of reproductive traits is rather difficult, it seems to be necessary an improvement of farm management.


Abstract The Framework for a Pacific Oceanscape (FPO) catalysed the declaration of large Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) (over 250,000 km) in Oceania. The scale of these Pacific Ocean Arcs' is designed to address biodiversity loss and climate change that threaten crucial ecological and sociological functions. This paper critically examines the institutional capacity in Oceania to meet spatial marine protection targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 (CBD). It scrutinises the regional institutions for oceans governance and national institutional arrangements for the oldest and newest Arcs in Kiribati and Palau. Implementation of credible and functional Arcs depends on enforcing the elimination of extractive activities to produce beneficial reserve effects. To meet the 2020 CBD marine spatial protection target will require support from all institutional members and better integration of coastal community governance.


Background: Gold nanoshells can be tuned to absorb a particular wavelength of light. As a result, these tunable nanoparticles (NPs) can efficiently absorb light and convert it to heat. This phenomenon can be used for cancer treatment known as photothermal therapy. In this study, we synthesized Fe3O4@Au core-shell NPs, magnetically targeted them towards tumor, and used them for photothermal therapy of cancer. Objective: The main purpose of this research was to synthesize Fe3O4@Au core-shell NPs, magnetically target them towards tumor, and use them for photothermal therapy of cancer. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty mice received 2 × 106 B16-F10 melanoma cells subcutaneously. After tumors volume reached 100 mm3, the mice were divided into five groups including a control group, NPs group, laser irradiation group, NPs + laser group and NPs + magnet + laser group. NPs were injected intravenously. After 6 hours, the tumor region was irradiated by laser (808 nm, 2.5 W/cm2, 6 minutes). The tumor volumes were measured every other day. Results: The effective diameter of Fe3O4@Au NPs was approximately 37.8 nm. The average tumor volume in control group, NPs group, laser irradiation group, NPs + laser irradiation group and NPs + magnet + laser irradiation group increased to 47.3, 45.3, 32.8, 19.9 and 7.7 times, respectively in 2 weeks. No obvious change in the average body weight for different groups occurred. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that magnetically targeted nano-photothermal therapy of cancer described in this paper holds great promise for the selective destruction of tumors.


The size of university maintenance organisation depends on the size of the university and the procurement strategy the university uses for the maintenance services. The absence of a well-structured maintenance organisation leads to poor service delivery, unnecessary increases in maintenance costs and increases in maintenance backlogs. However, there are many complaints in the media and research literature concerning the performance of university buildings in Malaysia. This paper aims to investigate and describe the maintenance organisations of universities in Malaysia. The survey questionnaire conducted indicates that most universities in Malaysia outsource their maintenance services. However, there is a need for organisational changes in maintenance service delivery in order to shift towards value added initiatives. The paper concludes with the recommendation that those occupying top management roles in the maintenance organisation who do not possess knowledge of maintenance should return to university to obtain degrees in maintenance or related disciplines.


Noise levels around airports and airbases in the United States are computed via the FAA's Integrated Noise Model (INM) or the Air Force's NOISEMAP (NMAP) program. These models were originally developed for use in the vicinity of airports, at distances which encompass a day night average sound level in decibels (Ldn) of 65 dB or higher. To evaluate the applicability of INM and NMAP at longer distances, a measurement program was conducted at a major air carrier airport with monitoring sites located in areas exposed to an Ldn of 55 dB and higher. Automated Radar Terminal System (ARTS) radar tracking data were obtained to provide actual flight parameters and positive identification of aircraft. Flight operations were grouped according to aircraft type, stage length, straight versus curved flight tracks, and arrival versus departure. Sound exposure levels (SEL) were computed at monitoring locations, using the INM, and compared with measured values. While individual overflight SEL data was characterized by a high variance, analysis performed on an energy-averaging basis indicates that INM and similar models can be applied to regions exposed to an Ldn of 55 dB with no loss of reliability.


The roundness of convex uniform polyhedra can sometimes be of utmost importance. One of the Archimedean solids, the truncated icosahedron, is since the eighties in use for the construction of the outer skin of soccer balls and in this case the roundness of its form is essential and is sometimes of great economic value. This form is not ideal, particularly because the faces of this solid differ very much in area (about 51%) and have different distances from the systems center. It is an open question whether any of the other 12 semi-regular solids may eventually have characteristics that make it more suitable for this purpose. As they all consist of two or three kinds of different polygons and as these also have different distances from the center, a general approach has been worked out to improve the roundness of polyhedral solids.


question of Weimar democracy (that is, one that maps the terrain of popular engagement strictly against the peaks and valleys of liberal democracy's successes and failures), the volume's contributions reveal a variegated picture of the possibilities of civic engagement in Germany's first democracy, one that gives ample weight to the symbolic and the performative aspects of Weimar politics. Showing that, for all the familiar constraints and challenges facing it, Weimar democracy was not so ill-equipped as previously supposed to construct and enact its emancipatory and participatory claims, this volume makes a valuable contribution to the scholarship on the Weimar Republic.


The Final Project equipment is working to maximize the cement industry. One of kind that we maximize is the sound sensor and the dc motor is used as a booster to beat Ball Mill materials cement . With 12 Vdc battery voltage is connected with the Boost Converter to be raised to 24 Vdc. Boost Converter to work on the 40 kHz switching frequency with a wide balance of 50%. Boost converter output voltage. Boost converter output voltage at the End of jobs is used as the source for the dc motor as a booster Ball Mill. By using a 3 kg load currents of 2.5 A and the battery output current 3-4 A, with the capacity of 12 Ah battery can play Ball Mill for 1-2 hours.


The invention discloses a message processing method and a message processing system. The message processing method comprises the steps of: determining communication of a service node is abnormal when a heartbeat time of the service node received by a monitoring node is greater than or equal to a preset heartbeat time threshold value; adding the service node into a preset blacklist; interrupting communication between the service node in the blacklist and other service nodes and/or a client temporarily; and transferring communication relates to the service node in the blacklist to a replica node of the service node. Through the scheme of the invention, the message processing method and the message processing system can save network communication loss, and improve the processing speed of an entire cloud storage system.


Charles Wright and colleagues[1][1] are to be commended for the model of health outcome measures that they have developed for examining the appropriateness of elective surgical procedures. However, we have some concerns about the tool used to assess cataract surgery. The VF-14 index is very


It introduces the functional structure of new automatic pharmacy,proposes the concept of rapid dispensing unit and implementations.On the basis of systematic mechanical structure design,it builds the control system of intelligent dispensing machine.This system consists of two sub-systems,the one is PC machine as the host computer for information management and control programs,and the other is PLC as a control unit for control tasks.The application in outpatient pharmacy service of hospitals shows that the system has a good operational effects.


To provide communication confidentiality in multicasting applications,traffic data in secure multicast is encrypted with a session key known only by certificated group members.Whenever there is a change in the group membership,the session key must be updated dynamically.Previous work has been focused on individual rekeying,There are two problems with individual rekeying:inefficiency and an out of sync problem between keys and data.This paper devise a batch rekeying scheme based on iterated hash chain which can improve efficiency the server cost.This paper analyze the key server's processing cost for batch rekeying.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves much lower rekeying cost compared to individual rekeying.The proposed scheme saves server cost substantially.


•·Intact myometrium specimen, received from 56 •women of reproductive age during surgical interventions. There •were 30 women with combined hyperplastic processes in the •reproductive system organs (uterine myoma, endometrium hy•perplasia, adenomyosis, benign ovarian tumors, mastopathy, •background cervical pathology), and in 26 cases solitary uterine •myoma was found. At infrared spectrometry of the lyofilized •myometrium, taken from patients with combined proliferation •foci, a stable peak with wave number 3500 snr1 was found, which •reflects the accumulation of molecules with oxidized OH-groups •and a change in proportion of OH-/NH-containing molecules. •At the study of the myometrium of patients with single myoma •focus the described peak was absent. The acquired data sug •gests, that combined benign hyperplasias in the reproductive •system organs are accompanied by the oxidative stress cascade •reactions, characterized by uncontrollable production of free •radicals and/or insufficiency of antiradical protection mecha •nisms. •


Many economies in the world have adopted energy-efficiency requirements or incentive programs mandating or promoting the use of energy-efficient transformers. On the other hand, increases in transformer efficiency are subject to increases in transformer weight and size, sometimes as much as 50% or more. The transformer manufacturing industry is therefore faced with the challenge to develop truly optimum designs. Transformer design optimization (TDO) is a mixedinteger nonlinear programming problem having a complex and discontinuous objective function and constraints, with the objective of detailed calculation of the characteristics of a transformer based on national and/or international standards and transformer user requirements, using available materials and manufacturing processes, to minimize manufacturing cost or total owning cost while maximizing operating performance. This paper gives a detailed comparative analysis of the application of five modern nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms for the solution of the TDO problem, demonstrated on three test cases, and proposes two algorithms, for which it has been verified that they possess guaranteed global convergence properties in spite of their inherent stochastic nature. A pragmatic benchmarking scheme is used for comparison of the algorithms. It is expected that the use of these two algorithms would have a significant contribution to the reduction of the design and manufacturing costs of transformers.


Invertases are glycosidases applied for synthesis of alkyl glycosides that are important and effective surfactants. Stability of invertases in the environment with increased content of organic solvent is crucial for increase of productivity of glycosidases. Their stability is significantly influenced by N‐glycosylation. However, yeast N‐glycosylation pathways may synthesize plethora of N‐glycan structures. A total natural crude mixture of invertase glycoforms (EINV) extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subfractionated by anion‐exchange chromatography on industrial monolithic supports to obtain different glycoforms (EINV1–EINV3). Separated glycoforms exhibited different stabilities in water‐alcohol solutions that are in direct correlation with the amount of phosphate bound to N‐glycans. Observed differences in stability of different invertase glycoforms were used to improve productivity of methyl β‐d‐fructofuranoside (MF) synthesis. The efficiency and yield of MF synthesis were improved more than 50% when the most stabile glycoform bearing the lowest amount of phosphorylated N‐glycans is selected and utilized. These data underline the importance of analysis of glycan structures attached to glycoproteins, demonstrate different impact of N‐glycans on the surface charge and enzyme stability in regard to particular reaction environment, and provide a platform for improvement of yield of industrial enzymatic synthesis by chromatographic selection of glycoforms on monolithic supports.


The bachelor thesis contains a theoretical part in which is included the theory of vanadium, vanadium compounds, vanadocene complexes and mechanisms of vanadium antitumor activity. The theoretical part is followed by an experimental part, which describe the testing of the cytotoxic activity of vanadocene dithiocarbamate complexes on tumor cell line the MOLT-4 by determining the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) in selected 10 complexes. The most potent test complexes were chelate-bound piperidinedithiocarbamate (4. 9) whose IC50 was in the range of 0.9 - 1.0 umol /l.


Some sensations are pleasant, some are unpleasant, and some are neither. Furthermore, those that are pleasant or unpleasant are so to different degrees. This chapter explores what kind of a difference is the difference between these three kinds of sensations. After going over some standard puzzles about pleasure and some popular philosophical theories, the chapter develops the author's own account, which is a comprehensive three-level account of sensory pleasure that simultaneously is adverbialist, is functionalist and is also a version of a satisfied experiential-desire account.


Structural Steel Introduction to LRFD Tension Members Column Numbers and Other Compression Members Compact Beams and Other Flexural Members Noncompact Beams and Plate Girders Members in Flexure and Tension Beam-Columns: Combined Flexure and Compression Torsion Composite Members Connections Other Design Considerations


Transformers achieve remarkable performance in various domains, including NLP, CV, audio processing, and graph analysis. However, they do not scale well on long sequence tasks due to their quadratic complexity w.r.t. the inputs length. Linear Transformers were proposed to address this limitation. However, these models have shown weaker performance on the long sequence tasks comparing to the original one. In this paper, we explore Linear Transformer models, rethinking their two core components. Firstly, we improved Linear Transformer with Shift-Invariant Kernel Function SIKF, which achieve higher accuracy without loss in speed. Secondly, we introduce FastRPB which stands for Fast Relative Positional Bias, which efficiently adds positional information to self-attention using Fast Fourier Transformation. FastRPB is independent of the self-attention mechanism and can be combined with an original self-attention and all its efficient variants. FastRPB has O(N log(N)) computational complexity, requiring O(N) memory w.r.t. input sequence length N.


Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease resulting from the interaction of many local and systemic risk factors, among which an important role is played by genetic (hereditary) factors. This disease affects both men and women, but there are certain differences in the development and progression of the disease in different sexes.Aim: To study associations of polymorphic loci of candidate genes with the risk of developing knee ОА in the male population of the Central Chernozem region of Russia.Material and Methods. The study sample included 410 men (208 patients with knee OA and 202 controls). Ten polymorphic loci of candidate genes were genotyped: rs2820436 and rs2820443 LYPLAL1, rs3771501 TGFA, rs11177 GNL3, rs6976 GLT8D1, rs1060105 and rs56116847 SBNO1, rs6499244 NFAT5, rs34195470 WWP2, rs143384 GDF5. The study of associations of polymorphic genetic loci with the development of the disease was carried out by the method of logistic regression, taking into account covariates (age, BMI). The MB-MDR method was used to study intergenic interactions of polymorphisms associated with the disease.Results and Discussion. It was found that nine out of ten polymorphic loci of candidate genes (with the exception of rs6976 GLT8D1) are associated with the formation of knee OA in men in four models of interlocus interactions (pperm ≤ 0.024). The rs3771501 TGFA polymorphic locus (included in three of the four most significant models of gene-gene interactions) demonstrates the greatest contribution to the development of the disease in men. Independent effects of the studied polymorphic loci of candidate genes in the development of knee OA in men have not been identified (р > 0,05).Conclusion. Polymorphic loci rs2820436 and rs2820443 LYPLAL1, rs3771501 TGFA, rs11177 GNL3, rs6976 GLT8D1, rs1060105 and rs56116847 SBNO1, rs6499244 NFAT5, rs34195470 WWP2, rs143384 GDF5 involved in the development of knee osteoarthritis in men in four models of intergenic interactions. Among the studied loci, rs3771501 of the TGFA gene has the greatest contribution to disease susceptibility.


An approach to teaching introductory programming is discussed in which substantial time is devoted to the discussion of algorithms before introducing the programming language. The approach, called "algorithms first", was tried in an introductory course of programming in C. Algorithms were written by students during the first seven weeks of the course in an executable algorithm language called Genesis. During the last seven weeks students translated algorithms into C. The overall results seem to favor the approach. Strengths and weaknesses of the approach are discussed along with suggestions for adapting this technique to a variety of course structures.


Vector quantization (VQ) is a powerful tool in signal processing. Hierarchical VQ (HVQ) is a method to implement VQ completely based on look-up tables (LUT). In HVQ, both encoders and decoders are inherently simple and fast, since there are no searches over codebooks. We introduce an overlapped HVQ (OHVQ) method, in which the number of samples is preserved after each HVQ stage. After the last stage, each OHVQ code in a particular location in the signal maps to a block (vector) which approximates that neighbourhood in the original sequence. For this reason, OBVQ is used as a basis to create a LUT-based filter, ie, a spatial signal processor with very fast implementation. Preliminary analysis and image processing examples are shown demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed method.


The invention discloses a self-calibration method of multi-view structured light, comprising the steps of: (1) projecting a grid pattern by a projector, carrying out code generation by the grid pattern on the basis of a position only principle, and acquiring three pictures by a video camera on three non-collinear positions, wherein a multi-view structured light system comprise the video cameral and the projector; and (2) defining Kc to be an inner parameter matrix for the video camera, phi 1 and phi 2 to be two arbitrary projector planes, Hi to be a homography matrix obtained by the video camera through transmission via the plane phi 1 from c1 to c2 and from c2 to c3, i to be 1 or 2, and Kct to be a pole of a video camera c1 and to be equal to t3e2; and determining a vanishing line of a stripe plane of the projector in a first video camera coordinate system through the homography matrix obtained through transmission via the strip plane, and obtaining the inner parameter matrixes of the video camera and the projector by combining infinite homography knowledge. The method can simplify calculation, has good applicability and benefits cost reduction.


Electrically controlled air suspension for semi-trailer used a height sensor and solenoid valve instead of mechanical rotary slide valve and height valve in traditional air suspension.A nonlinear model of body height modulation was derived by analyze the performance of the gas flowing in pipeline components,thermodynamic process of rubber balloon gas and the vehicle dynamics.The problems of over-modulation and oscillation were investigated during height control,and a Fuzzy/PWM height controller was designed and simulated.The results demonstrated the control strategy improved the accuracy of height switchover and system stability effectively.


The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL), process of subcontracting space hardware and systems with suppliers varies somewhat from the industry-standard supply chain process. This paper is an overview of the technical and contract process of subcontracting hardware or software with JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), in Pasadena, CA. The goal of this paper is to present and clarify the JPL way of subcontracting in order to help both potential and current suppliers understand the JPL technical and programmatic nuances and ease the process of contracting with JPL.


Researchers used a cluster randomised controlled trial design to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent physical activity programme on the physical and psychological health of young schoolchildren.1 For each child, the skinfold thickness was measured at four places (triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiacal), and the measurements were added together to provide a marker of obesity.

At the end of the study period of one school year, the intervention group (n=297) had a mean skinfold thickness of 32.50 mm (SEM=0.85 mm), compared with 33.70 mm (SEM=1.20 mm) in the control group (n=205). SEM, sometimes shortened to SE, is the abbreviation for standard error of the …


With retirement I am bringing to conclusion a 7-year stint as the surgical section editor of Current Opinion in Pediatrics (COP). My association with journal editor Dr Richard Johnston began many years ago at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and has ended at the Children's Hospital Denver and the University of Colorado School of Medicine, where Dick again was friend and mentor for my pediatric surgical career. Dr Johnston has been the consummate gentleman and scholarly academic pediatrician/scientist and I will be forever grateful for the privilege of working with him and having him as mentor. Thank you, Dick, very, very much.


The study focuses on a new variant of transient liquid phase soldering (TLPS) using tin based solder with copper powder. This technology may act as an alternative for lead free joining of semiconductor dies in power electronic applications at high operating temperature. Lead-free joining technologies currently used like gold-rich solders and silver sintering are well suited for high temperature applications. However, due to the high metal price they have a limited acceptance. Using a special soldering process it is feasible to produce an almost void-less solder joint, using a paste of tin-based solder powder (e.g. SAC305), copper powder and a solvent which is hardly activated. The resulting interconnection is characterized by an almost complete transformation into intermetallic phases of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn. Thus the melting point of the transformed interconnect can be increased up to the decomposition temperature of the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic phase which is 415 °C. A two-step soldering process allows to eliminating the typical skeleton structure that forms as a result of the immediate reaction of the liquid tin-based solder with the higher melted copper powder to form the Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn intermetallic phases. An alternative way compared to the two-step-process is also explained in this study: Capillary forces let the solder flow into the gap filled with Cu spheres.


Aim: Our study was to compare three different teaching method in first year medical students. Objectives: To assess the outcome and perception of students towards teaching method. Method: 150 students were divided randomly in to 3 different groups as group A (attended Lecture), group B (attended demonstration) group C [attended small group discussion (SGD)], topic was Introduction to BP. As a pretest all the groups had answered a set of structured 25 MCQs, after attending their respective teaching sessions, immediately post test I and after 1 month post-test II was conducted. For subjective assessment likert scale was used. Statistical Analysis: Paired t test was used for comparison. "P"<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test I, pre-test and post-test II in all the groups (P<0.001). When we compared post-test I and II, group A and B showed the significant difference (P<0.05), as their performance in post-test II has reduced, but there was no significant difference showed by group C between post-test I and II, as their performance in post-test II has not reduced. Subjectively also Students preferred SGD as better teaching method. Concussion: Looking at results, clearly states that the SGD is better compared to other two method, both subjectively and objectively.


BACKGROUND
Circadian rhythm regulates many important biological functions in humans. The goal of this study is to explore the impact of day-to-day deviations in the sleep-wake cycle on nighttime blood pressure (BP) dipping and further examine whether the ethnic difference in day-to-day deviations in sleep patterns can explain the ethnic difference in nighttime BP dipping.

METHODS
Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and 7-day accelerometer data were obtained from 365 adult participants (age range, 18.7-50.1 years; 52.6% Blacks and 47.3% European Americans; 64.1% females). Systolic BP dipping level was used to represent nighttime BP dipping. The SD of sleep duration was calculated as the index of sleep variability, and the SD of sleep midpoint was calculated as the index of sleep irregularity.

RESULTS
A 1-hour increase in the SD of sleep midpoint was associated with a 1.16% decrease in nighttime BP dipping (P<0.001). A 1-hour increase in the SD of sleep duration was associated with a 1.39% decrease in nighttime BP dipping (P=0.017). The ethnic difference in the SD of sleep midpoint can explain 29.2% of the ethnicity difference in BP dipping (P=0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
Sleep variability and sleep irregularity are associated with blunted BP dipping in the general population. In addition, data from the present investigation also demonstrate that the ethnic difference in sleep irregularity could partly explain the ethnic difference in BP dipping, an important finding that may help reduce the health disparity between Blacks and European Americans.


The e-enablement of business is simply a logical step in a progression which has taken business from the model of the privately owned, self-contained trading unit through to a publicly owned and traded enterprise, integrated into its markets, supply chains and culture. The technology of e-commerce provides businesses with an unprecedented ability to communicate directly with their market. At the consumer level, Web surfing is a very personal activity. An individual customer makes personal contact with the information systems of a potential supplier directly via their Web browser. The availability of active content, personal identification (via the acceptance and analysis of 'cookies' or via exchange of personal digital certificates) and of sophisticated customer databases has allowed businesses to develop very personal relationships with their customers.


AIM: To study the hemodynamics characteristic of the extra-and intracranial ateries and the peripheral arteries inmigraine patients during the headache-free period by TCCS(Transcranial color Doppler ). METHODS: Two-dimensionaland color Doppler techniques (American Acuson 128XP/10 )were performed in 35 patients with migraine during theheadache-free period and 21 healthy volunteers. The parameters such as vmax,v, Pulsatility index (PI ) and Resistive index (RI ) of middle cerebral artery (MCA ), hasal cerebralartery (BA ), temporal superficial artery (TSA ) and radiansindicts artery(RIA) were studied. RESULTS: ①In all 35 patients, marked asymmetry of vmax in MCA were found in 51 %patients (18 cases ), significant bilateral increase in 23% (8cases ), significant bilateral reduction in 6% (2 cases), bilateral normal in 14% (5 cases); ②vmax of bilateral or unilateralMCA increased significantly in about 54% patients. The PIcorrespondingly reduced significiantly;③Velocity and PI ofBA had a same tendency as MCA, but the differences compared with control group were not significant (P0. 05 ); ④Marked differences were not found in TSA compared with control group; ⑤The velocity of RIA decreased and the PI increased significantly in 80% patients (P0. 05). CONCLUSION: The study indicated that the velocity of intra--cramalartery increased in magraine during headache-free period. ThePI, RI decreased correspondingly. On the contrary, the velocity of peripheral artery decreased, the PI and RI increased.


A variation function somewhat similar to that applied by Rosen to H2 is used in the discussion of the normal state of H2+.


Th e letter is closely related to daily life, considering that the purpose of writing is to communicate. It has the super fi ciality of everyday speech, sometimes deepening as in a dark conversation. In fact, it allows us to share our feelings and thoughts that we cannot express verbally with the people or persons in front of us. Th e letter was not only a literary genre in our literature, it was also used as a narrative method called "talking by letter". It is possible to see the examples of this narrative style in the form of letters, novels and poems. Th e purpose of the authors, who use letter format in another genre, is to convey the sincere and warm expression in the letter to their works. Th e "chitty-chatty" style in the letter is both internal and has the power to directly a ff ect the reader. Th is expression possibilities in the letter suggests that it is a genre which should be used in children's literature. In children's literature, it is aimed to contribute to the development of basic language skills along with the psychological, mental and social development of children with literary products. Th e letter genre is a kind that supports the realization of these objectives. However, when children's literature of us is examined, it is seen that this type has not been used su ffi ciently. In this study, the genre letter in the context of children's literature and the place of this species in anthologies and textbooks are examined. In addition, it is stated that the letter should be given more space as a kind of expression tool in children's literature.


The invention discloses a drying system adopting the air for cooling. The drying system is characterized in that: the drying system comprises a dryer, a feed pipe, a discharge pipe and a steam pipe are arranged on the dryer, and the dryer is connected with a sucking pump. The structure and principle of the drying system are simple; after steam is adopted for drying, cooling is carried out under the effect of the compressed air, consequently, the cooling efficiency is high, meanwhile, the phenomenon of the chemical reaction of medicinal materials is prevented, and the drying quality of medicinal materials is increased.


To the Editor: Clinical trials of preventive cardiology often use sonographically evaluated carotid intima-media thickness, a representative surrogate marker for cardiovascular diseases, as a study end point. A recent example is the Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol 6—HDL and LDL Treatment Strategies (ARBITER 6-HALTS) trial for statin-treated patients, which reported the superiority of extended-release niacin over ezetimibe in suppressing the intima-media thickness progression (a primary end point). The assessment method appears to be a valid trial methodology (eg, the single operator in a blinded manner, a confirmation on reproducibility of measurements). However, the resolution of sonography equipment may not make it possible to obtain a significant level of accuracy as reported in a previous trial ()0.0007 mm in the ezetimibe group and )0.0142 mm in the niacin group in the changes observed at 14-months: an expression in four decimal points) in considering the actual situation where at least one or two decimal points are clinically applicable. It is necessary to accept the fact that, even if the results are considered to reach a level of statistical significance, the basic nature of such data must still be acknowledged. The images obtained depend on the settings of the sonography devices (the gain and ⁄ or the time gain compensation) and the sound attenuation of the body ⁄ tissue. These factors are examinerand examinee-dependent, respectively; thus, such data can vary greatly due to both factors. The errors also tend to increase in manually operated measurements. Moreover, the repeated measurement of data at specific intervals with such background may potentially induce further problems, even though the same sites of the same arteries were examined. Therefore, based on the above-described factors that may negatively influence the accuracy of the sonographic findings, it is important to carefully and prudently interpret sonography data, especially when there is a slight level of change.—Kazuhiko Kotani, MD, PhD; Nobuyuki Taniguchi, MD, PhD Tochigi, Japan


Carbon-based materials have been widely used in energy storage and conversion devices. Among them, graphene oxide (GO) holds much promise for supercapacitor applications due to its high-capacitance, low-cost, etc. Nevertheless, intrinsic characteristics related to the capacitive properties of GO are far from being fully understood. Little attention has been paid to the size effect of raw graphite on the electrochemical characteristics of GO. In order to investigate the relationship between raw graphite size and the capacitive properties of GO, electrochemical performances of GO, prepared from raw graphite of three different sizes using a modified Hummer's method, were compared. Experimental results indicated that the capacitance of a GO electrode was enhanced with the increasing size of the raw graphite. The GO electrode prepared with the largest size of raw graphite achieved a specific capacitance as high as 94.4 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 due to a medium-sized specific surface area and smaller charge transfer resistance. It is concluded that more attention should be paid to the prevention of agglomeration or even restacking of the graphene-based material after the heat drying of graphene-based solutions because of residual intercalated water molecules, which contribute to strong hydrogen bonding interactions between layers.


Hexaqua magnesium chlorine, bishofite, almost never occurred in the fossil salt deposits until recently, while industry has used artificially produced magnesium chloride. The discovery of bishofite deposits in the Lower Volga region (both for raw materials purity of MgCl2 up to 95-98%, and for reserves about 500 billion tons) was a unique event. The use of bischofite consists in the salt compositions of sand to protect roads from icing yet. The chapter represents the results summary of the bishofite solutions electrochemical processing with the purpose of obtaining solutions with the antibacterial properties complex the use of which can be recommended for pre-plant seeds treatment, plant protection from fungal effects, which allowed, as shown by experiments on the crops cultivation, to increase yields up to two-three times, and also to use for disinfection of domestic and industrial wastewater in agricultural enterprises. The technological characteristics of the using electrochemical device are considered in the chapter.


Spin-controlled semiconductor lasers are highly attractive spintronic devices providing characteristics superior to their conventional purely charge-based counterparts. In particular, spin-controlled vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) promise to offer lower thresholds, enhanced emission intensity, spin amplification, full polarization control, chirp control and ultrafast dynamics. Most important, the ability to control and modulate the polarization state of the laser emission with extraordinarily high frequencies is very attractive for many applications like broadband optical communication and ultrafast optical switches. We present a novel concept for ultrafast spin-VCSELs which has the potential to overcome the conventional speed limitation for directly modulated lasers by the relaxation oscillation frequency and to reach modulation frequencies significantly above 100 GHz. The concept is based on the coupled spin-photon dynamics in birefringent micro-cavity lasers. By injecting spin-polarized carriers in the VCSEL, oscillations of the coupled spin-photon system can by induced which lead to oscillations of the polarization state of the laser emission. These oscillations are decoupled from conventional relaxation oscillations of the carrier-photon system and can be much faster than these. Utilizing these polarization oscillations is thus a very promising approach to develop ultrafast spin-VCSELs for high speed optical data communication in the near future. Different aspects of the spin and polarization dynamics, its connection to birefringence and bistability in the cavity, controlled switching of the oscillations, and the limitations of this novel approach will be analysed theoretically and experimentally for spin-polarized VCSELs at room temperature.


In his 1606 De Stella Nova, Johannes Kepler attempted to answer Tycho Brahe's argument that the Copernican heliocentric hypothesis required all the fixed stars to dwarf the Sun, something Brahe found to be a great drawback of that hypothesis. This paper includes a translation into English of Chapter 16 of De Stella Nova, in which Kepler discusses this argument, along with brief outlines of both Tycho's argument and Kepler's answer (which references snakes, mites, men, and divine power, among other things).


We develop approximation algorithms for set-selection problems with deterministic constraints, but random objective values, i.e., stochastic probing problems. When the goal is to maximize the objective, approximation algorithms for probing problems are well-studied. On the other hand, few techniques are known for minimizing the objective, especially in the adaptive setting, where information about the random objective is revealed during the set-selection process and allowed to influence it. For minimization problems in particular, incorporating adaptivity can have a considerable effect on performance. In this work, we seek approximation algorithms that compare well to the optimal adaptive policy. We develop new techniques for adaptive minimization, applying them to a few problems of interest. The core technique we develop here is an approximate reduction from an adaptive expectation minimization problem to a set of adaptive probability minimization problems which we call threshold problems. By providing near-optimal solutions to these threshold problems, we obtain bicriteria adaptive policies. We apply this method to obtain an adaptive approximation algorithm for the Min-Element problem, where the goal is to adaptively pick random variables to minimize the expected minimum value seen among them, subject to a knapsack constraint. This partially resolves an open problem raised in [5]. We further consider three extensions on the Min-Element problem, where our objective is the sum of the smallest k element-weights, or the weight of the min-weight basis of a given matroid, or where the constraint is not given by a knapsack but by a matroid constraint. For all three of the variations we explore, we develop adaptive approximation algorithms for their corresponding threshold problems, and prove their near-optimality via coupling arguments. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Stochastic approximation; Mathematics of computing → Combinatorial optimization


Analysis on the present situations of our country's inspection test market was made,pointing out the positioning and distinction between the chinese and the third party's (commercial) labs.Having described that at present and for a long time in the future,our country's inspection test market wall take Chinese inspection test market as the leading position,and that the final formation of the third party's inspection test market should be adaptable with our country's economic development and the reform of governmental organs and the situation of transformations of governmental functions will still need a quite historical period to be accomplished.


This article takes stock of the visions, roadmaps and the status quo of market introduction for hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. Based on innovation theory concepts, the study examines whether the framework conditions for a smooth transition form RD&D to market introduction exist. International, regional and national partnerships have started to develop supportive advocacy coalitions. Niche markets for value-driven, but limited product range like toys, portable, auxiliary and back-up applications are being established. But, market formation/ creation, development of a competitive industry and rules and regulations for the prime applications are still in their infancy. Instead, a patch work of country-, regionand product specific policies has emerged to allow "supported commercialization" beyond the demonstration stage. The study concludes that without more attention to the specifics of coevolution of technologies and policies for each major market segment, the ongoing market introduction efforts of fuel cell and hydrogen technologies is likely to falter or create eternal niche markets.


RBP-52 and PD5 isolates were isolated from Indonesian fruits samples that contains glucose. RBP-52 isolate was obtained from coconut water (waste), collected from nata factory, and PD5 isolate was obtained from rotten coconut sample, collected from Parung. They were identified as Acetobacter liquefaciens. RBP-52 and PD5 isolate produced cellulose in static and shaking cultivation. Production of cellulose by RBP 52 and PD5 were optimized in static cultivation. Cellulose was found to be produced at the liquid surface in static cultivation. The rate of cellulose production depended proportionally on the surface area of the culture medium. The maximum production rate of cellulose was 2.78 g/l per 7 days (surface area 77.60 cm2) in the static cultivation. Key words : Bacterial cellulose, static culture, shaken culture, RBP-52 and PD5 isolates, surface area


A macrosociological theory's central principle, suggested by Simmel's concepts of crosscutting social circles and web of group affiliations, is that intersecting social differences promote intergroup relations. This theorem is tested with data on intermarriage rates in the 125 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. Since the theorem refers to intermarriage generally, the research testing reported here analyzes measures of ten different forms of intermarriage and not only the more commonly studied ethnic intermarriage. The theorem is respecified on the basis of preliminary analysis to stipulate that multiple, not merely bivariate, intersection of social affiliations fosters intermarriage, as is, indeed, implicit in the original theoretical discussion. Eight independent empirical tests corroborate the theorem that multiple intersection of social differences furthers not merely superficial but even profound and lasting intergroup relations. One of Simmel's profound insights is that the social structure of complex societies and communities entails multiple group affiliations with intersecting boundaries. Members of simple tribes also belong to several groups, but these typically are, from each person's own perspective, concentric social circles, such as one's immediate family, extended kin group, larger lineage, and encompassing clan. In modem society, on the other hand, a person's multiple group affiliations constitute mostly crosscutting circles,


This chapter evaluates the regime of Peter des Roches. As Henry III journeyed back from Painscastle to Windsor and Westminster, he was about to enter the most traumatic political period of his life, barring the later years of reform, rebellion, and civil war. Henry would be pulled one way and another by the struggle for power between Hubert de Burgh and Peter des Roches. With de Burgh gone, he would be driven by Bishop Peter into a series of lawless acts and an unsuccessful war against Richard Marshal. In the end, he would be reined in by a great council and forced to admit his faults. The principles of Magna Carta would be vindicated and the difficulty of returning to anything like the rule of King John exposed.


Summary: A simple heuristic scoring method is described for assigning sequences to known domain types based on BLAST search outputs. The scoring is based on the score distribution of the known domain groups determined from a database versus database comparison and is directly applicable to BLAST output processing. Availability: The scoring system will be incorporated into the server www.icgeb.trieste.it/ sbase/


Abstract Introduction: In some patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), the initial surgical procedure fails, and the patients suffer from repeated or persistent symptoms. These patients complain of severe inflammation, intestinal obstruction, fecal or urinary incontinence, abdominal pain or dystrophy. However, little data has been published on the long-term follow-up results after re-operations for HD. Materials and Methods: We followed 8 cases between 2004 and 2006, of complicated HD requiring repeated surgery and recorded prior procedures, histological results, indications for re-operation, postoperative follow-up as well as long-term clinical outcomes including stool patterns, nutrition and micturition. Results: The follow-up period ranged from 3.0 to 5.5 years (mean: 4.4 years). Indications for repeat procedures were as follows: blind rectal pouch after a Duhamel operation (n=2), persistent aganglionosis (n=4), long-segment stenosis (n=1) after a Rehbein operation, and anal stenosis following TERPT (transanal endorectal pull-through) (n=1). In one patient who had a Duhamel-Martin operation, extirpation of the rectum and a definitive terminal ileostomy was necessary. A Duhamel procedure was performed in five patients with a primary Rehbein and 1 patient with a primary Duhamel operation. Complete stool continence was achieved in 4 patients. Partial fecal incontinence persisted in one patient with associated trisomy 21. 1 patient with total colonic aganglionosis and 1 patient with a pelvic fistula and a previous subtotal colectomy reported soiling 1–2 times per week after a repeat operation. 4 patients in our series experienced postoperative complications following repeated surgery [perianal ulceration (n=2), repeated botulinum toxin injection for sphincter achalasia (n=1) and functionally impaired colonic transit without stenosis (n=1)]. Micturition was normal in 7 patients, 1 patient with associated trisomy 21 was partially continent, and 1 patient reported infrequent urge incontinence. Conclusions: All patients improved after further surgical intervention. However, resolution of their symptoms was delayed and partial stool incontinence or soiling persisted in 3 patients. Most complications leading to repeat procedures are preventable, especially residual aganglionosis. Therefore, great efforts should be made to minimize complications when planning and performing the primary surgery.


3 Abstract: in order to evaluate allelopathy effects of maize CVS. 301 and 704, sorghum, barley and alfalfa on some aspects of wheat plantlet such as germination and growth, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was carried out with three realizations. Two concentrates of 50 and 100 percent extracts based on one gram grinded aerial parts in 10 cc distilled water, were considered as 100 percent extracts. To prepare 50 and 100 percent sucrose solutions with the same osmotic potential for their relevant plant extracts, character procedure was us employed. Results showed that there were significant allelopatic differences across alfalfa, sorghum and maize cv.301 and the highest decrease in coleoptiles length was belonged to the extracts of alfalfa, sorghum and maize cv.704, while the longest seed root was achieved using alfalfa, sorghum, maize cv.301 and extracts. Decrease in the number of roots related to the extracts of alfalfa, sorghum and maize cv.704. By considering the interactions between plant extracts and sucrose solutions, it was revealed that the shortest wheat coleoptiles was obtained by applying the sorghum and alfalfa extracts and the longest seed root was achieved as a result of 100 percent alfalfa extract. The lowest seed root number was counted after maize cv.704 and alfalfa extranets, respectively. Allelopathic potentials of these plants which induces identifying and purification of allelopathic substances, may entitle them to control specific weeds especially in non-sequential crops by preparing them as natural herbicides.


Four economic objectives * Development of agriculture as the base and allround development of other sectors of the economy as well * Proper evolution of the market-oriented economic system * Development of the economy inviting participation in terms of technical know-how and investments from sources inside the country and abroad * The initiative to shape the national economy must be kept in the hands of the State and the national peoples Four social objectives * Uplift of the morale and morality of the entire nation * Uplift of national prestige and integrity and preservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage and national character * Uplift of dynamism of patriotic spirit * Uplift of health, fitness and education standards of the entire nation Four political objectives * Stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity, prevalence of law and order * National reconsolidation * Emergence of a new enduring State Constitution * Building of a new modern developed nation in accord with the new State Constitution YANGON, 20 Oct — A mass rally, organized by Union Solidarity and Development Association, was held in support of the Prime Minister's clarification on the seven-policies and programmes of the State (roadmap) in thePyidaungsu together with Lashio Hospital Medical Superintendent Dr Khin Maung Wah, Palaung national U Khun Pwint, Shan State MCWA Secretary Dr Nan Kein Phaung Tit and Kachin national Duwa Khaung J as members. Executive of rally Principal of Lashio Degree College U Pe Thaung made a speech. He said: Today's mass rally is to support the seven-point future policies and programmes of the State which was mentioned in the speech of Prime Minister General Khin Nyunt on 30 August 2003. In his speech, the Prime Minister touched on matters relating to development of the State, political developments and future political programmes. Here, I would like to present development of the State. It can be seen that when the Tatmadaw government took the State's responsibilities in 1988 to this date there has been development in such sectors as economic, education, technology, health, transport, agriculture, meat and fish, etc. For example, the GDP of the nation, which stood at only over 47000 million kyats in fiscal year 1988-89, reached over 50000 million kyats in 199091 financial year . The GDP of the country grew by an average annual rate of (7.5) percent in 1995-96 fiscal year and During the 20022003 fiscal year, (11.1) percent GDP growth was achieved. In the education sector, the number of basic education schools reached over 40,000 and universities, degree colleges and colleges, 154. Moreover, there are now 28 post-graduate Diploma Courses, 26 Masters Courses in medicine, 7 Dr Med Sc Courses and 29 PhD Courses. The number of hospital has increased 757 from 617, and 114 hospitals were upgraded. Transporta-tion plays a vital role in national development. Therefore, in the time of the Tatmadaw government, there emerged about 150 bridges including 7 Ayeyawady River crossing bridges, 2 Chindwin River crossing bridges, 3 Thanlwin River crossing bridges and nearly 2,000 miles of new roads and it can be said that these are the significant progress. When the Tatmadaw assumed the State responsibilities unavoidably on 18 September 1988, there reigned chaos and anarchy due to the political influences behind the violent demonstrations in the country. With the strength of national unity, acts of destructive elements, who had been keeping the ideology, sectarianism and racialism in the fore, to Sports Ground, Lashio, Shan State (North) this morning. Present on the occasion were Central Executive Committee members of USDA, executives and members of state, district and township USDAs, departmental personnel, members of Maternal and Child Welfare Association, Working Committee for Women's Affairs, War Veterans Organization, Red Cross Society and Auxiliary Fire Brigade, faculties and students of Lashio Degree College, Government Technical College, Government Computer College, trainees of Lashio nursing school, members of Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association, Border Traders Association, Rice Millers Association, Rice Merchants Association and other social organizations and local national people totalling over 15,000. Before the mass rally, Thanlwin Column led by State USDA Executive U Sai Nyunt Maung, Shweli Column led by Shan State USDA Executive U Kan Myaing and Dokhtawady Column led by Lashio District USDA Dr La Sai marched into the Sports Ground and took their designated places . Principal of Lashio Degree College U Pe Thaung presided over the mass rally Kukai Township USDA Daw Nan Myintzu acted as master of ceremonies and Executive of Hsibaw Township USDA Daw Nan Theingi acted as co-master of ceremonies. First, the master of ceremonies announced the commencement of the mass rally. Chairman of the mass Chairman of the mass rally Principal U Pe Thaung delivers an address. — MNA


The solution of Word automation based on .NET has provided the elements for the enterprise automation application.This page analyses the technology of application object in this solution,and particularly introduces the theory of several regularly-used application objects,and explaines the application method by example. This will have instructive significance on the Word automation.


Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide compound tablet in mild and moderate essential hypertension.Methods:In the double-blind,pararrel and controlled study with the positive drug,36 patients with mild and moderate essential hypertension were randomly divided into two groups: treatement group with bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide compound tablet(n=20),and control group with bisoprolol(n=16).The curative effect in two groups were observed.Results: After 8 weeks,the total effective rate was 80.0% in treatment group and 37.6% in control group(P0.01).Conclusion: The effect of bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide compound tabletis markedly superior to that of bisoprolol in treatment of hypertension,which can be used as the first medicine for mild and moderate essential hypertension.


The joining of rubber polyester composite is affected by design and geometry parameters. These parameters affect the failure load of the composite joint and the failure mode. Catastrophic failure modes should be avoided, and the optimum parameters are selected to achieve a progressive failure that could be observed. Geometry parameters such as the edge distance and the center distance between holes are tested under tensile loading to get the optimum values. Design parameters such as tightening torque of bolt and washer size are also tested under tensile loading, and their effect on the failure load is obtained and studied. The failure modes are investigated under the digital microscope in each case. It is found that the failure load increases by increasing the edge distance, the tightening torque, and decreasing the center distance between holes. The optimum washer size is varied according to the used tightening torque. The optimum obtained failure mode in tests is a mixed - mode of bearing and net tension modes.


We report AC loss data of superconducting pancake coils (PC) wound from several non-transposed YBCO tapes connected in parallel. Due to coupling losses, their magnetization AC losses in AC fields applied parallel to the tape surface are significantly higher than for single-tape PCs. It was experimentally demonstrated that these coupling losses can be effectively reduced by using double-PCs in which the parallel tapes between the two PCs are connected in reversed order. This special connection between PCs imitates a twisting of parallel tapes and results in their decoupling. An AC current applied additionally with an external AC magnetic field to the double-PCs does not impede the decoupling of the tapes. We propose a simple model to calculate the magnetization AC losses of PCs by approximating the coils by face-to-face stacks of YBCO tapes.


The axial compression capacity of drilled shafts using full-scale tests has received the attention of many geotechnical engineers. Regarding the extreme loads that large diameter shafts can resist, many cautions should be considered in the static load test (SLT) application. The High Strain Dynamic Pile Test (HSDPT) is recommended as it propounds a substantial saving of time, cost, and requirement of less space. Over the last decades, the signal matching analysis (e.g., Case Method, CAPWAP, and TNOWAVE) is considered to be the most common procedure followed to predict the axial static response of piles based on HSDPT results. This paper presents an empirical approach to predict the axial compression static capacity of drilled shafts based on HSDPT results. The ultimate static pile capacity has estimated from HSDT results using a simplified formula that conveys the ultimate capacity to the pile set occasioning from a hammer strike and not only the tip stratum properties but also other pile and soil/rock properties (shaft, tip soil, and rock). Numerous well-documented full-scale tests and finite element models were used to develop and validate the suggested formula.


The aim of this thesis concerns the mathematical and numerical study of the cardiovascular system. This work covers the three related main brances of study, dealing with artery modeling, valves modeling and heart modeling. The work is thus subdivided into three parts, each one dealing with a specific branch. In each part this work starts by a specific known in licterature problem and suggests original improvements aimed at obtaining a more accurate solution and/or a cheaper computational cost.

In the first part a new one dimensional model for the compliant vessels is proposed, capable of reproducing also the effects related to the fluid-structure interaction which are loosed by the classical models present in licterature. In particular it is show that with a cheaper modification it is possible to reproduce also in a one dimensional model the so called added mass effect, an effect related to the multidimensionality of the flow field as concerns the flows into compliant pipes.
In the same parts an analytical solution for the unsteady motion in an undefined rigid pipe is proposed, taking into account of the transitory effects. As far as the pulsating flow is concerned, the reference solution classically adopted in literature is represented by the Womersley one. Even though accourate, this latter allows the only study of the motion when the flow is fully developed; conversely it is not capable of reproducing what happens, for example, immediately after a sudden pressure drop. In this work a new solution capable of reproducing also the motion when not fully developed is proposed.
As far as applications is concerned, two particular cases are studied: the starting of an extracorporeal device (fluid initially at rest) and a double variation of pressure (non-homogeneus initial conditions), consisting of a sudden drop followed by a sudden raise (i. e., this is what happens during a fainting).

In the second part a stability estimate concerning the immersed finite elements method is reported. Up to now, in literautre the structural description is performed through linear piecewise continuous polinomial; in this work a new estimation is performed for a structural description performed by piecewise continuous polinomial of an arbitrary order, clearly comprehensive of the linear case.
Moreover, for the implicit case only, it is demonstrated that a stability limit from below exists for the time step size; even though not determinable. Numerical examples will enforce the results obtained.
A comparison between the ALE and the IFEM schemes is also performed for the simulation of an immersed structure. The results show that whenever the ALE computational cost increases proportionally to the structure displacement (as a consequence of the fluid mesh distorsion), the IFEM formulation does not depend on structure displacement.

The third part deals with the heart electro-mechanical coupling. The heart electrical activity is typically reproduced through the data obtained by the electro-cardiogram, a non-invasive medical device furnishing the graphical representation in time of the extracellular potential differences between different body locations. Up to now the study of the heart activity was performed by treating independently the electrophysiology and the mechanics, i.e. without considering a feedback between them. In this work the solution is determined by considering the electro-mechanical feedback, arising a non-linear fully coupled problem, being both solutions (electro physiology and mechanics) depending on each other. As a results a changing in the heart conductivity is present, affecting the electro-cardiogram graph in some terminations. Moreover different distributions between the problem solved with feedback and the one solved without for both the trans-membrane and the extracellular potentials are present.