The constitutional reforms in Russia are amongst the most significant news for Russia's partners in international relations. The configuration of international law and Russian domestic legal order falls within the scope of the constitutional changes of 2020, and there is no chance that this change will be abandoned by the legislator. This particular amendment was not actively commented on during the nationwide discussion on the constitutional reform; it drew mostly experts' attention. The article alleges that the constitutional amendment restricting the applicability of international case law in Russia is both a transient response to the instant political tension around Russia, and a formalization of the positivistic trend well established in domestic judicial practice. The positivistic trend is part of the process shaping Russia's own approach to international law. The prospective amendment concerning international case law in the Constitution of the Russian Federation will not hinder the rules expressly stated in the treaties of the EAEU. However, the resolutions of the EAEU's structures and institutions, including the case law of the Court of the EAEU, are likely to be scrutinized in a defensive way by Russian Constitutional court in situations extraordinary for the Russian State, ensuring their conformity with the unquestionable and unconditional supremacy of the Russian Constitution.


The principal object of the research reported in the series of papers of which this is the concluding number, is to determine more precisely than has hitherto been done the relations to nature of the various genera and families of the fishes of an interior region. This purpose has led especially to a study of the food relations of the groups, for through these, chiefly, fishes exert their influence on the outer world, and are themselves impressed in turn; and thus have appeared a number of subordinate considerations having a bearing, more or less direct, on the main intention of the study.


This paper presents a new method for the design and validation of advanced propulsion systems using a new approach called vehicle hardware–in–the–loop (VHiL); where the development process, and mainly the validation phase, of adding hybrid electric powertrain modules to an existing platform is carried out faster, in a cost effective and controllable manner. In the VHiL laboratory a complete real vehicle equipped with a conventional powertrain is set up in a hardware–in–the–loop simulation environment, where a chassis dynamometer is used to simulate the road load. The working principle and the added value of VHiL are demonstrated with test results of the performance of the system. This new concept assists validating the inclusion of hybrid electric module to an existing platform during the design/concept stage.


Keywords: effet d'echelle ; effort tranchant ; poutre ; precontrainte ; size effect ; shear force ; beam ; prestressing Reference EPFL-REPORT-163141 Record created on 2011-02-07, modified on 2016-08-09


Abstract The study of 13C NMR spectra of polystyrene thermally obtained on clays shows that thermal polymerization of styrene on these minerals proceeds by two parallel reaction mechanisms: the radical mechanism due to the thermal effect, and the cationic mechanism in which the initiatory cation H+ is provided by the clay. The latter mechanism, accelerated by increase in temperature, becomes more important as the clay content increases in the reaction medium. Otherwise, the thermal polymerization on clays is accompanied by the hydrogenation of some α carbons of the polystyrene molecule and the oxidation of certain aromatic carbons.


The utility model provides a tire pressure monitor which comprises a transparent upper cover (1), a PCB (printed circuit board) circuit board (3), a base (5), a ring-shaped battery (6) and a transparent lower cover (10), wherein the transparent upper cover (1), the base (5) and the transparent lower cover (10) are combined into a sealed shell; the PCB circuit board (3) is arranged between the transparent upper cover (1) and the base (5); the lower part of the base (5) is provided with a fixing part (5a) connected with a tire inflating valve; and the ring-shaped battery (6) is positioned between the base (5) and the transparent lower cover (10) and is sleeved around the fixing part (5a). In the utility model, the ring-shaped battery capable of being sleeved at the position on the base of the monitor, which is close to the inflating valve, is adopted so as to lower the height occupied by the battery, thereby fundamentally reducing the height and the weight of the tire pressure monitor and eliminating the influence of the tire pressure monitor on the dynamic balance of a tire.


Abstract : This report summarizes the findings of a fleet-wide survey of USN aviation ships and shore activities and investigates problems with aviation Armament Handling Equipment. The problem areas surveyed included: fleet level management, allowance documentation, equipment maintenance, and inventory reporting methodology. The report presents a thorough discussion of pertinent findings along with comments and recommendations.


In muscles which have gone into rigor at 15°C or 37°C without shortening, prevention of cooking shortening leads to greater toughness than in samples cooked free. This tenderness difference is not seen in cold shortened muscles. A histological study showed that heat shrinkage of collagen imposes an irregular "cooking crimp" in unshortened muscle, cooked free. This is quite distinct from cold induced crimp. Cooking cold shortened muscle under restraint completely removes the cold crimp. A striking "crossed-diagonal" orientation of the perimysial collagen in the cooked meat is described.


When taking over the conduct of a matter, you must ensure that the transfer is seamless and that your risk is minimised. Chris Hargreaves and Rebecca Wilson discuss the key steps in the process.


Manganese complexes have been considered as a cheap and readily available alternative to commonly used precious metal catalysts in C–C bond coupling reactions. Although high-valent Mn aryl intermed...


TMAH solution was a new type anisotropic etchant whose property was excelent. \ In order to compare the etching roughness and etching rates, \ We carried out a series of experiments using 100 and 111 single crastal silicon wafers with different specific resistance and different crystal directions. The paper had a significant meaning to use TMAH solution correctly.


In this paper,on the base of analyzing the construction contracting market and its actuality,the concept and the basic thought of dynamic collaboration in the manufacturing industry are presented,and the dynamic collaboration purchase modeˊs merit relative to the traditional purchase mode is expatiated.Then,much emphasize is laid on the possibility and necessity of setting up dynamic collaboration between contractor and supplier,and how to set up the collaboration.Finally,several noteworthy problems are indicated and a conclusion is drawn that it is possible to set up dynamic collaboration in the construction industry.


A seamless and secure handover is always one of the important design goals of the cellular networks. The handover scheme of 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless networks is complex due to the pres...


We investigate whether corporate governance affects the use of employee stock options (ESOs) in CEOs' compensation packages. Consistent with the managerial power view, we find that firms with poorer corporate governance grant their CEOs higher values of ESOs after controlling for the economic determinants of ESO use. We show that the relation between governance strength and ESO grant values cannot be attributed to two other plausible explanations: omitted economic factors or substitution effects between corporate governance and incentive compensation. Also consistent with the managerial power view, we show that firms with poorer governance in the pre-SFAS 123R period cut back more on ESO grant values for their CEOs after the issuance of SFAS 123R which mandated ESO expensing. Our last finding is consistent with poorly governed firms taking relatively more advantage of the favorable accounting treatment for ESOs in the pre-SFAS 123R period by granting their CEOs excess ESOs, suggesting that agency problems associated with poor corporate governance contribute to excessive ESO use


Today's medical imaging professionals want to use the latest radiologic science and technology in the service of medical diagnosis and treatment. They rely on the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting to help them remain at the forefront of medicine. The RSNA annual meeting provides an international forum for health care professionals to expand their knowledge through refresher courses, lectures, discussion panels, scientific presentations, education exhibits, and a technical exhibition that is the largest and most comprehensive of any medical meeting in the world. For many, the RSNA scientific assembly is the professional event of the year. At RSNA 2003, more than 59,000 people—including 25,000 professionals from more than 90 countries—took advantage of the unparalleled opportunity to network with top imaging leaders and experience an impressive array of educational offerings. RSNA 2004 offers 80.5 continuing medical education (CME) credits for physicians, medical physics continuing education credit for medical physicists, and category A credit for radiologic technologists.


Objective. To analyze the results of repeated corrective surgery in patients with spinal deformities of various etiologies.Material and Methods. The study group included 87 patients (mean age is 22.8 years, m : f = 10 : 77) who underwent repeated deformity correction using third-generation instrumentation (CDI and its analogues), and were selected from 144 patients previously operated on for spinal deformities of various etiologies using different types of spinal instrumentation. The magnitude of scoliotic deformity, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, rotation of the apical vertebra, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, and the duration of the operation were assessed. All patients answered the questions of the SRS-24 questionnaire at the stages of treatment and postoperative follow-up, and were also examined by computer optical topography method.Results. Out of 87 reoperated patients, 74 had idiopathic scoliosis. In 31 patients, the results were evaluated within a period of at least 2 years (average 61.8 months). As a result of the intervention, the primary curve was corrected by 29.1° (36.5 %). Loss of correction was 4.6° (p < 0.001), derotation of the apical vertebra – from 34.9° to 22.1° (p < 0.001) and loss of correction – 0.8°. The average blood loss varied from 810 to 1138 ml, and the operation time – from 187 to 289 min. Computer optical topography data convincingly confirmed the corrective effect achieved during the repeated intervention. According to the questionnaire (SRS-24), satisfaction with the results of the operation was quite high.Conclusion. Repeated corrective interventions in patients with spinal deformities of various etiologies, even in long-term periods, can partially restore the lost primary correction and improve the quality of life of patients, which is confirmed by clinical and radiographic data, the results of computer optical topography and the SRS-24 questionnaire.


Carcinoidosis due to a tumor in Meckel's diverticulum occurred in a 68-year-old man. Location of a carcinoid tumor in Meckel's diverticulum is very rare, and its association with a carcinoid syndrome is rarer still. Clinical manifestations were peculiar as they were dominated by respiratory disorders consisting of attacks of asthma and permanent dyspnea. Respiratory function tests confirmed the spasmodic bronchostenosis and its relief with isoproterenol sulfate (Aleudrin [Britain]; Norisodrine Sulfate, comparable US product). At autopsy, there was a small primary tumor in Meckel's diverticulum with spread to the mesenteric lymph nodes and to the liver. Heart lesions were limited to a thickening of the leaflets and chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve. Serotonin content of the tumor tissue was 10μg/gm of tissue, an abnormally high figure though much lower than that usually found in these tumors.


Kinetic viscosity is an important index indicating physical properties of petroleum products,showing products' sticky situation at a certain temperature.The unit is square millimeter per second.This paper introduces a kinetic viscosity tester of intelligent petroleum products that takes avr microcontroller as the control core,which has many functions such as determining the kinetic viscosity of petroleum products,displaying real-time information,printing report card and automatic cleaning.It describes the principle,hardware components and software design of the instrument in detail.


. China has entered the "post-epidemic era", with frequent epidemics altering the economy, society, education, and a variety of other spheres of life. These entwined fields had an impact on the evolution of education. Among them, postgraduate entrance examinations (PGEE) fever has emerged as the primary source of concern for a large number of college students and social groups. This paper mostly discusses the reasons for the rapid expansion of candidates for postgraduate entrance examinations from the macro, meso, and micro perspectives. Findings from the study show that this group is motivated by changes in national policies, the backgrounds of target colleges and their surrounding peers, and employment-related factors. COVID-19 has influenced the current situation, and this paper examines PGEE motivations among groups in order to better understand how modern education and society are linked. Furthermore, social workers can use the current situation to formulate a positive talent introduction management mechanism or come up with new ideas to alleviate the phenomenon of postgraduate entrance examination fever.


An antioxidative system that was designed to maintain heme iron reduced, nonheme iron as an inactive chelate, and provide free radical scavenging in the aqueous and lipid phases, was most effective when added early in the processing of washed, minced mackerel muscle. Mince prepared from mackerel dark muscle showed greater propensity to oxidize than did the mince from light muscle. Washed mince from light muscle in the presence of the antioxidative system showed no loss of odor quality during 24 wk at -20°C. Postmortem age of the mackerel muscle had little effect on initial odor quality of the washed mince.


Objective To investigate new surgical method to treat hypertensive thalamic hematoma.Methods Two medial-degree coma patients with hypertensive thalamic hematoma were treated by CT stereotactic evacuation.Results One week after operation the two patients regained consciousness. The function of paraplegic appendage restored partly, and one patient could take care of himself.Conclusion CT stereotactic evacuation to treat hypertensive thalamic hematoma has the advantages of small trauma, little complication and good clinical results. We suggest that it be selected firstly in treating hypertensive thalamic hematoma.


The econometric analysis of interest rate pass-through is examined. It is noted a number of recent studies have employed a procedure that underestimates the extent of interest rate pass-through. This issue is highlighted via an analysis of pass-through from the U.S. Federal Funds rate to the U.S. 30-year fixed mortgage rate. In contrast to work of Payne (2006), which draws an inference of incomplete interest rate pass-through, the adoption of an unbiased method leads to the conflicting conclusion that it is complete. The importance of adopting an unbiased method is noted given the central role of interest rate pass-through in the effectiveness and transmission of monetary policy.


OF THE THESIS ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x


This article aims to analyse, in base of a private inform from 1898, some means of the transformation of Valencian agriculture under the new conditions imposed by the expansion of the citrus industry. Among the outstanding issues, the author intents to show those related to the efforts for an adaption of agriculture to the new market conditions, the changes concerned with the new land-exploitation devices and the working market, as well as land-owners' strategies.


This paper presents the design of a controller for an autonomous ground vehicle. The goal is to track the lane centerline while avoiding collisions with obstacles. A nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) framework is used where the control inputs are the front steering angle and the braking torques at the four wheels. The focus of this work is on the development of a tailored algorithm for solving the nonlinear MPC problem. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations with the proposed algorithm show a reduction in the computational time as compared to general purpose nonlinear solvers. Experimental tests on a passenger vehicle at high speeds on low friction road surfaces show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


To realize efficient and versatile energy management systems for future homes, buildings, and local communities, nano-grid (NG) finds possibility for integrating distributed energy resources. This paper implements the power flow coloring, which gives a unique ID to each power flow between a specific power source and a specific power load. It enables us to design versatile power flow patterns between distributed power sources and loads, taking into account energy availability, cost, and carbon dioxide emission. To implement the power flow coloring, this paper proposes a cooperative distributed control method, where a master-slave role assignment scheme of power sources and a time-slot based feedback control are introduced to cope with power fluctuations while keeping the voltage stability of the NG. Experimental results show the practical feasibility of our proposed method in managing distributed power sources and fluctuating loads.


Value-at-risk(VaR)has been applied widely in recent years as an integrated method to measure financial risks.Based on auto-regressive conditional heteroskdatic(ARCH)model,and the research of RMB/USD foreign exchange rate,the risk course of it is measured


The safety of the computerized accounting system is becoming more prominent.Reinforcement of the safety management of the computerized accounting system is imperative.With the continuous progress of science and the rapid development of computer technology,the application of electronic computers in the accounting work to achieve settlement of networking and information management,efficient and complete accounting information systems can be greatly improved work efficiency and quality of the accounting work.However,along with the rapid development of the computerized accounting system,the accounting profession generates the new problems and conflicts that is the security of the computerized accounting.How to improve the accuracy and timeliness of the accounting treatment to ensure the accounting security of the computerized system has become an urgent problem.


A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Cover Image: view of the coast line of Madeira.


All parties in today's supply chain have to face a tremendous pressure that results from the competitive market factors such as short product life cycle, stringent regulations and keen competition. For manufacturers and distributors, these factors are considered as driving forces for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of their manufacturing and distribution systems. In this respect, computer-based discrete-event modelling and simulation methodologies have emerged as a very useful tool to facilitate the effective analysis of these complex and uncertain operations. However, computer simulation alone may not guarantee optimal solutions in most situations. In this regard, this paper presents an optimisation framework that couples the process of optimisation and simulation such that the strengths of both techniques are leveraged. The proposed simulation-based optimisation framework integrates an immune-inspired algorithm with a simulation tool for determining optimal parameters of material handling systems. The performance of the framework is evaluated via two case studies. [Submitted 22 October 2016; Accepted 26 August 2019]


Statistical analysis based on layout-aware scan diagnosis has been successfully used for identifying defect root causes and reducing physical failure analysis (PFA) efforts, especially for interconnect defects. With increasing complexity and density of designs manufactured by FinFET technologies, more and more cell internal defects are observed. For such defects, the root cause deconvolution (RCD) and PFA based on layout-aware diagnosis learning become less efficient because diagnosis reports can only call out cell instances, but can't pinpoint the defect location within the suspected cell. Cell-aware diagnosis (CAD) uses analog simulation results to accurately locate defects inside standard cells. The cell-aware RCD (RCAD) provides a comprehensive defect pareto for both cell-internal defects and interconnect defects. Both techniques can be very beneficial for PFA. In this work, we present a case study which combines these techniques to successfully identify a systematic cell internal issue caused by a sensitive layout pattern with dramatically improved PFA efficiency for recent silicon data manufactured by an advanced FinFET technology.


This document updates the 'Guideline for the Administration of Blood Products: Transfusion of Infants and Neonates', published in 1994. In doing so it acknowledges changes in transfusion practice during the past decade, particularly in respect of safety issues and further published transfusionrelated guidelines. The transfusion requirements of the neonate are recognized as unique, but there are other groups of children who are regularly transfused and who have very specific transfusion needs. There remains a lack of evidence for many transfusion practices in the neonatal period and childhood, making recommendations difficult in a number of areas. The British Committee for Standards in Haematology published its last Guideline for the Administration of Blood Products regarding the Transfusion of Infants and Neonates in 1994 (British Committee for Standards in Haematology, 1994). This highlighted the lack of scientific evidence for many of the then widely accepted practices, which were often based on outdated information, particularly in neonatal transfusion. It sought to replace these with recommendations for which there was some scientific support or, at a minimum, defendable broad agreement. It influenced practice positively, but a number of transfusion guideline documents have been published in the last few years incorporating recommendations for transfusion practice in neonates and children. However, in the absence of controlled evaluation, many areas of uncertainty still remain. In addition, the National Health Service Executive (2002), entitled 'Better blood transfusion: appropriate use of blood' is as applicable to children as it is to adults. Transfusion practice has advanced since 1994, particularly with respect to safety issues regarding the risk of transfusiontransmitted variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD). (See the Guidelines for the use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate and cryosupernatant (www.bcshguidelines.com) and the vCJD position statement in the document library of the UK Blood Services; http://www.transfusionguidelines.org.uk.) Although there is no current alternative to red cells and platelets from UK donors if the UK demand for these products is to be satisfied, sourcing FFP from donors residing in areas where bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and vCJD have never been endemic is more feasible. However, this may introduce other risks (e.g. if the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible diseases caused by known organisms is relatively high in such areas), but most of these diseases can be effectively eliminated from plasma by virus inactivation procedures. Although these procedures do not inactivate prions, by applying them to imported plasma the overall risks of transmitting infection (including vCJD) from treated products will be reduced. Important changes in transfusion practice include:


A space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) method for three-level Inverter is introduced.Simulation results verify that the proposed SVPWM method is effective.


In 1971, the Phillips Norway Group decided to handle the natural gas injection requirements at its North Sea Ekofisk oil field with a centrifugal compressor. The design called for 9,200 psig discharge pressure, almost three times the pressure capability of existing centrifugal natural gas compressors. The process conditions, compressor design, start-up problems, and modifications made to correct these problems are described in detail. The compressors have been in successful operation under severe conditions since December 1974. (JSR)


Several health studies have implicated mold as the cause of respiratory effects, asthma, central nervous system difficulties, and general malaise. Most of these studies have used selfreported data from questionnaires to obtain information on exposures and health outcomes Self-reported exposure is not well-correlated to airborne fungal concentrations, and selfreported symptoms or illnesses are limited in providing sufficient quality data for studying potential adverse health effects of mold. We reviewed those epidemiologic studies that attempted to use more objective measures for both exposure and health assessment. Among these studies, there appears to be a general consensus towards a positive association between mold exposure in indoor environments and respiratory effects. However, many of these studies are limited by small sample sizes, no demonstrations of dose-response relationships, exposure misclassification and other study limitations. Without better studies, a causal association cannot be confirmed at this time. INDEX TERM Mold, Fungi, Health effects, Epidemiology, Review INTRODUCTION There has been much public and scientific concern over the health effects of mold in indoor environments. Many epidemiologic studies have indicated an association between damp buildings and health effects such as respiratory effects and other non-specific symptoms such as fatigue and headaches. The literature of direct toxic effects of mold is less conclusive. Toxicological effects and case studies have indicated that ingestion or inhalation of large amounts of mold or spores of the quantity found in moldy hay or grain, can cause adverse health effects (Robbins et al., 2000). Ingestion of certain mycotoxins such as aflatoxin has been documented as a hepatocarcinogen. Molds have been implicated in causing three different types of health effects: 1) allergic effects, 2) infections, and 3) toxic effects. Fungi can act as an opportunistic infectious agent among immunologically suppressed populations, but these health outcomes will not be discussed in this paper. Only papers regarding the allergic and toxic effects of molds will be discussed. METHODS A DIALOG database (including Elsevier Biobase, Embase, Life Sciences Collection, NTIS, FEDRIP, Env. Bib., Enviroline, Pollution, Biol. & Agric. Index, Paxcal, ICONDA-Intl Construction, Tiosis Previews, Toxfile, TGG Health & Wellness, MEDLINE, CAB HEALTH, and ChemEng & Biotec Abs.)search for health studies about mold and health effects was conducted using the following key words: mold, fungi, fungus, health or adverse effect, human, study, Epidemiology. We analyzed recently published papers (1981 to 2001) * Contact author e-mail: email@example.com Proceedings: Indoor Air 2002


Summary 1) Zone electrophoresis of 13 bovine sera yielded a mean concentration of 3.37 ± .29 g (42%) albumin, 1.19 ± .10 g (15%) alpha globulin, 1.23 ± .15 g (15%) beta globulin and 2.28 ± .49 g (28%) gamma globulin/100 ml. Serum protein-bound hexose was 124 mg/100 ml or 1.53 ± .12% of the mean serum protein concentration of 8.08 g/100 ml. Zone electrophoretic separation showed albumin to contain 7 ± 4%, alpha globulins 51 ± 6%, beta globulins 23 ± 4% and gamma globulins 20 ± 5% of the protein-bound polysaccharide. 2) Twenty-one synovial fluids from the same animals had a mean concentration of .90 ± .27 g (50%) albumin, .24 ± .08 g (14%) alpha globulins, .29 ± .10 g (16%) beta globulins and .37 ± .11 g (21%) gamma globulin/100 ml. Synovial fluid protein-bound hexose was 36 ± 11 mg/100 ml or 1.98 ± .46% of the mean synovial fluid protein of 1.80 g/100 ml. Zone electrophoretic separation showed albumin to contain 10 ± 5%, alpha globulins 49 ± 8%, beta globulins 28 ± 5%, and gamma globulins 14 ± 4% of the protein-bound polysaccharide. 3) The synovial fluid had relatively more albumin (50%) and relatively less gamma globulin (21%) than serum (albumin 42%, gamma globulin 28%) and a higher hexose/protein (PR) ratio indicating preferential permeability of albumin and one or more glycoproteins. Alpha globulins were not separated into alpha 1 and alpha 2 zones.


In this paper,subgroup-self-organizing worm algorithm(SSOMA) is presented based on the emergence method in complexity research and the classical searching methods.The main idea of this algorithm can be described as follow: search the neighboring regions of peak points through the prophase optimization;select a small quantity of units to build up subgroup in every region,and process the anaphase optimization in these subgroups,by which the peak points will be found in these subgroups.The computation complexity can be lowered obviously and the convergence rate can also be improved efficiently by this method.At last,experiments are given to solve several typical multi-modal function optimization problems.The analysis results on the precision and computation complexity show that SSOMA is perfect for the multi-modal optimization.


(57) Abstract: N access channels, M-number of individual disk storage array, commutator for connecting each of the access channels to each of the storage arrays, and the commutator is connected to each of the access channels to each of the storage arrays it is a system having a control unit for controlling the commutator so. Disk storage array can store segments of data blocks sequentially. For movies, each segment includes, for example, a few seconds of the movie. Commutator, each access channel to access the entire data, connecting the access channels to a disk storage array. The system is configured such that each access channel can receive data at a maximum system bandwidth. In addition, the maximum system bandwidth, data by one access channel is written in the memory array can be other access channels simultaneously receive data. One embodiment of this system, each access channel is connected to the downstream channel, at least two of these downstream channels having a bandwidth different from the system bandwidth. In this embodiment, each downstream channel it can receive the same data at the bandwidth desired.


The influence of die angle,friction condition and deformation speed on the ironing process was quantitatively analyzed by finite-element simulation software.This can provide some references for the design of die and process parameters.


Rate of oxidation of cysteine, γ-glutamylcysteine, cysteinylglycine and reduced glutathione by molecular oxygen has been studied polarographically in alkaline buffers by following the time changes in anodic and cathodic limiting currents of the SH- and SS-groups, respectively. Oxidation ofthiols proceeds considerably faster in contact with metallic mercury. Obtained results have been supported by Raman spectroscopy measurements.


Starting from the assumption that the growth of desublimed layers is governed mainly by heat and mass transfer, the authors present a model based on conditions in the diffusion boundary layer and suggest that the "hoarfrost"11 density depends on only one parameter. The discussion accounts for the process determining factors, i.e. the growth rate, mass transfer and gas concentration. The theoretical relationship is confirmed by the authors' own experiments on two systems and data from literature. The relationship can be established by a few laboratory experiments and permits the calculation of frost density and of associated variables, thus facilitating the optimization of desublimator design.


Plasma B-endorphin and prolactin profiles were obtained from groups of unstressed, adult male rats. The infusion of caffeine (20 mg/kg) via a chronic, indwelling intra-atrial cannula results in a prompt and sustained (2-2.5 h) rise in plasma B-endorphin levels. The infusion of the opiate antagonist naloxone causes a modest (40%) decrease in plasma 8-endorphin and blunts the elevation in plasma 8-endorphin following caffeine administration. In contrast, plasma prolactin levels were unchanged following caffeine administration and were decreased by treatment with naloxone. Caffeine treatment did not effect CSF 8-endorphin levels or the release of 8-endorphin from hemipituitaries incubated in vitro.


Parkinson's disease is a neurological ailment affecting millions of individuals throughout the world. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) are crucial for effective treatment and management of the disease. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using Emotional Intelligence-based approaches to detect PD, as changes in emotional processing are a common symptom of the disease. Emotion recognition using various techniques of emotional intelligence can aid in early detection, management, and monitoring of the disease. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research on PD detection. Also, the taxonomy approaches to PD detection using different biomarkers and Emotional Intelligence (EI) are discussed. In this paper, it also reviews recent studies on the use of Emotional intelligence techniques for PD detection and proposes future directions for research in this area. Overall, the review suggests that using Emotional Intelligence approaches has a high potential for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of PD detection and monitoring, and can have significant implications for improving the quality of life of PD patients.


The paper deals with methodological and motivational aspects of developing a research competence of junior students of programme "Academic Bachelor of Engineering" at the technical university. Educational and research projects on mathematical analysis are presented as an example.


Benign metastasizing leiomyoma of uterus to the lung is a very rare disease and very interesting because of its histological benignity and clinically metastasizing characteristics. We recently encountered a 33-yr-old woman who was referred to our hospital because of bilateral multiple small nodular lesions on chest radiography. She had undergone myomectomy for myoma uteri at the age of 24. She underwent thoracoscopic tumor excision at left lung. The lesion was proved pathologically benign, and same as myoma uteri. Therefore we consider these lesions were pulmonary metastasis of myoma uteri. Myoma uteri has certain potential of metastasizing to the lung, in spite of benign disease. We report a rare case of benign metastasizing leiomyoma of uterus with a review of relevant literature.


For uni-traveling carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs) using InGaAs and InP as the absorber and collector, an abrupt heterojunction at the absorber-collector interface may induce a large degradation of current handling and microwave performance caused by the current blocking effect. In this work, UTC-PDs with dipole doping at the InGaAs/InP interface to suppress the current blocking are demonstrated. By using a dipole-doped InGaAs/InP interface, the use of InGaAsP quaternary for the interface is eliminated, which eases both material growth and device fabrication.


Irritability is a common presenting concern in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This chapter provides an overview of research on irritability in ASD, including informative findings from the related fields of temperament and emotion regulation. The developmental course is described, highlighting irritability as one of the earliest phenotypic characteristics in ASD. ASD-related characteristics that may predispose youth with ASD to experience high or chronic irritability are considered, in addition to conceptualizations of irritability in ASD as resulting from a co-occurring psychiatric disorder. Common approaches to assessment, psychosocial treatment, and pharmacologic management of irritability are summarized. Finally, gaps in our understanding of irritability in ASD are highlighted and promising directions for future research are provided.


The U.S. Army has accepted risk in facility sustainment to maintain warfighting readiness, which can result in higher life-cycle costs because it increases the likelihood that facility components break earlier. To identify strategies and make recommendations for improving the allocation and execution of Army installation facility sustainment funding, the authors study practices in the Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and public and private sectors.


In three patients with Fisher syndrome abnormal eye movements suggested the presence of supranuclear lesions. The first patient was a 59-year-old woman, and the second patient was a 37-year-old man. Both patients had preservation of Bell's phenomenon despite paralysis of voluntary upward gaze, an increase of the range of supraduction in the doll's eye maneuver, and downward nystagmus on gaze and positioning tests. In addition, ocular dysmetria was observed in the first and rebound nystagmus in the second patient. The third patient, a 56year-old man, show ocular dysmetria and square wave jerks. In our patients, no central lesion was detected by either CT or MRI studies, although the abnormal eye movements mentioned above are consistent with a supranuclear lesion. These findings can't show definite location of the lesion in Fisher syndrome. However, ophthalmoplegia might result from both the peripheral and the supranuclear lesions.


Classical programs for environmental monitoring have been supplemented by bioindication measures for a number of years. Investigations on living organisms or their remains (e. g. peat) are frequently used to indicate the environmental situation in either qualitative (bioindication) or quantitative (biomonitoring) terms. This provides pieces of information on environmental burdens of a region at a given point of time or on its changes with time ( trend analysis) . Classical bioindication often deals with observation and measurements of chemical noxae (both inorganic and organic ones) in well鄄 defined bioindicator plants or animals ( including man). In term of analytical procedures and results, there are parallel developments between progresses in bioindication and innovation in instrument analytical methods. Bioindication approaches usually integrate instrument analytical methods and get information through them. One of the main problems in practice is the representativeness of samples in bioindication approaches and in instrument analytical methods. To get an idea of precision in respect of site and time variations, repeated sampling is necessary in the bioindicator approaches. However, it is difficult to obtain the accuracy of the approach during the sampling procedure since there is no "certified reference system冶 at present as a calibrator for accuracy in representative sampling. Compared to instrumental analytical methods, a linear range for bioindicators is more difficult to achieve since living organisms are constantly changing their " hardware冶 by biologically living processes. Therefore, standardisation of bioindicators seems unrealistic at the moment, which means that harmonisation between users of the same indicators is specific and of real concern for the future. It is hard to harmonise scientific and cultural differences in a globalising world because cross-border projects have a tremendous intercultural impact. In spite of that, bioindication may be seen as a


In this paper, we introduce a simple automatic color enteromorpha image segmentation algorithm. First, the color images are converted from RGB into NTSC color space. Then, we scale the data of the saturation channel in NTSC color space to the range of 0-255 and obtain its histogram. Using this histogram, we can obtain two peaks in the enteromorpha and background class respectively. Thus, two positions in these two classes can be obtained. Thirdly, those two positions are used as the centroids in the k-means algorithm. By means of k-means algorithm, every enteromorpha image can be divided into two classes: enteromorpha and background class. In fact, it is only a pre-processing for enteromorpha detection. Experimental results show that our approach can segment the enteromorpha images very accurately.


We investigate the quenching properties of central and satellite galaxies, utilizing the halo masses and central–satellite identifications from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy group catalog of Yang et al. We find that the quenched fractions of centrals and satellites of similar stellar masses have similar dependence on host halo mass. The similarity of the two populations is also found in terms of specific star formation rate and 4000 Å break. The quenched fractions of centrals and satellites of similar masses show similar dependencies on bulge-to-total light ratio, central velocity dispersion, and halo-centric distance in halos of given halo masses. The prevalence of optical/radio-loud active galactic nuclei is found to be similar for centrals and satellites at given stellar masses. All these findings strongly suggest that centrals and satellites of similar masses experience similar quenching processes in their host halos. We discuss implications of our results for the understanding of galaxy quenching.


Temporal cartographic animations are increasingly common. For users to understand a temporal animation, they must not only apply an appropriate spatial knowledge schema that allows them to interpret relative geographic location, they must also apply an appropriate temporal schema that allows them to interpret meaning inherent in the sequence and pacing of the animation. Similar to static maps, then, the animated maps should be accompanied by a legend that prompts an appropriate schema. However, with animation, the legends function, not only as an interpretation devices but also as a navigation tools. This paper describes potential legends for temporal animation and argues that choices among them should be made with regard to the nature of the temporal data. A test is proposed to assess the viability of the different legends.


Practical application of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) has demonstrated a number of circumstances in which CMA fails to converge, or, equally bad from a practical standpoint, converges to a solution which fails to equalize the input signal. The authors describe several situations in which misconvergence occurs, suggesting that a firmer analytical understanding is needed of the behavior of blind algorithms in the presence of cyclostationary and/or quasi-periodic, nonwhite inputs. While this analytical understanding is not yet established, the practical experience reported should be directly useful to those designing new digital communications systems. An example presented, is the use of CMA to equalize quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals used to broadcast high-definition television signals.<<ETX>>


We have observed unipolar-type resistance switching in an ultrathin niobium oxide film. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the resistance switching transport revealed that low-resistance state showed a type of electrical conduction typically observed in metals. The modification in chemical binding states of the film in different resistance states was studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analysis of XPS showed that metallic suboxides NbOδ (δ ≪ 2), decomposed from some of Nb2O5 and NbO2 components of the film, were created after electroforming process, suggesting that the metallic suboxides are constituting elements of metallic channels in the low resistance state.


Organic nonlinear optical materials have recently attracted high attention because of their superior properties such as larger susceptibility, faster response, multiplicity in morecular and aggregating structures, compared with those of inorganic and semiconducting substances so far elucidacted. In the first, various nonlinear optical effects and their applications are explained. Thereafter, pioneering achievements of opto-electronic properties are summarized. A recent trend in progress and future perspective of the relevant fields are also presented in view of molecular engineering, crystal engineering and morphological engineeering, with particular reference to crystallography and crystal growth.


In order to find out the deficiency of the stroke performance of elite flat-water kayak athlete,improve the effect of stroke and offer references and theoretical basement to athlete and coach,it analyzed the bilateral stroke from the middle of the racing course.Independent t-test was used to test the significant difference between two groups.It was found that the performance of bilateral stroke was unbalance,right side was better;the pull performance of left side was unobvious and uneven;bilateral stroke rhythm was not ideal and was suggested to prolong the pull time,decrease the recovery time,and improves stroke rhythm;prolong the maintains of max speed;strengthen the power of left muscle strength,improve the balance of bilateral muscle strength,improve the coordination of the performance of both sides;enhance the core strength training.


When testing the equality of proportions from two independent binomial populations, one may reject the arguments for conditioning all testing and inference on the observed data and choose to employ the exact unconditional test (Suissa and Shuster, 1985), or the t test approximation (D'agostino, Chase, and Belanger, 1988). The achieved size of the t test with a pooled variance has been investigated previously for small sample sizes, but the power has not. Exact calculations, computed via enumeration, of the power of the t test with pooled variance and with Satterthwaite's variance approximation are reported here. The pooled variance approach was superior in both null and nonnull cases. For very small sample sizes, the tests achieved a power of at least .8 only when differences between proportions were at least .45. The calculations allowed demonstrating the accuracy of noncentral F integrals as approximations of empirical power, at least when power is acceptably high. The pooled variance approach provides ...


The EU and its member states implement different policy tools aiming to promote a more sustainable power sector and achieve security of supply. Here carbon and renewable policies are the most prominently implemented (with the EU ETS established at the European level, and several national renewable policies implemented by the member states). In principle a distinction between price-based and quantity-based policies can be made for both carbon and renewable policies. Both policies directly affect the power sector and reciprocally interact. While this has already been investigated for equilibrium situations, the feedback loops between policy mechanisms, the electricity market and investors over several years, is less well known. We present a long-term simulation of a single country power sector where carbon and renewable policies are implemented on a national level. Different scenarios are investigated alternating quantity and price-based mechanism for both carbon and renewable policies, namely a carbon tax, carbon market, feed-in tariffs and tradeable green certificates. The simulation is primarily economic model with risk-averse, expected-profit maximising agents, which use a conditional value at risk approach as a measure of investment risk. The results show the dynamic impact that different policy implementations and combinations have on decision of investors. The paper concludes with suggestions for policy makers.


Radio waves from a compact radio source are scattered by electron density irregularities in the solar wind, and the scattered radio waves interfere with each other as they propagate to the Earth, producing diffraction patterns on an observer's plane. This phenomenon is called interplanetary scintillation (IPS). Since Hewish et al. developed the IPS technique in 1964, it has been used to study the three-dimensional solar wind structure and dynamics with advantages over in situ spacecraft measurements: It can observe three-dimensional solar wind in a short time, and the observations can be carried out consistently over a solar cycle. However, because of the IPS line-of-sight (LOS) integration effect, solar wind had to be studied with blurred images. In the late 1990s, new analysis methods of IPS observation, which can deconvolve the LOS integration effect using computer-assisted tomography (CAT) technique, were developed by collaborative works of groups at the STE Lab (Nagoya University) and CASS(UCSD). Four different CAT methods are developed. One is named the corotating tomographic method, which can be used to analyze temporarily stable solar wind structure. The second is the time-sequence tomographic method, which can be used for slowly varying solar wind structure. The third method is MHD-IPS tomography in which MHD simulation is incorporated with IPS observations using a tomographic method. The last one is time-dependent tomography, which can be applied to propagating CME measurements. Corotating can derive the detailed solar wind structure in the solar minimum phase from which we can study the latitudinal solar wind structure, origin of low-speed wind and coronal parameters which determine the solar wind acceleration mechanism. The time-sequence tomography and the time-dependent tomography can determine solar wind structure from short period observations and are now being tested for application to


A passenger car comprises a valve disposed in the dashboard gas bag module, the gas bag envelope has a point in the direction of the passenger area in the baffle to constantly expanded state (14a) and a support region. Here is a portion of the support portion (14b) on the inside of the windshield, and another part (14c) on the instrument panel of the passenger car to, said gas bag cover has at least one ventilation device (15) which is closed upon application of the gas bag envelope at an obstacle at least partly , In order to improve the protection of a hunched seated child without impairing the retention performance in a that are available in the normal position occupants, the ventilation device (15) is on at full expanded airbag covering on the windshield.


Construction of the primary crushing plant for ore/waste within the Open Pit of the Veliki Krivelj Mine has achieved higher capacity of copper pre processing capacity in order to increase the capacity of the copper Mine Veliki Krivelj from 8.0 to 10.5 x 106 t/year of ore [1,2]. Very important and expensive technological position within the plant is the apron feeder for ore/waste which feeds the ore/waste into the primary crusher Allis Chalmers 48'x74'(1219 x 1879.6) mm. With the increasing of capacity of the copper Mine Veliki Krivelj, capacity of Flotation plant is also increased, that is the produced quantities of copper concentrate and consequently the amounts of produced smelter slag, so each increasing the efficiency of these processes or rationalization of energy have very important meaning.


Valvular heart disease is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, especially in China. More than a half of valvular heart diseases are caused by acute rheumatic fever. microRNA is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. However, the miRNA profile of the rheumatic valvular heart disease is unknown. This research is to discuss microRNAs and their target gene pathways involved in rheumatic heart valve disease.Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a disease of international importance, yet little has been published about disease progression in a contemporary patient cohort. Multi‐state models provide a well‐ established method of estimating rates of transition between disease states, and can be used to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of potential interventions. We aimed to create a multi‐state model for RHD progression using serial clinical data from a cohort of Australian patients.


Surface acoustic wave devices with precisely set frequencies are produced by laser trimming metallization strips on the device while monitoring the device frequency and/or phase shift. The trimming strips may be metallizations added during device manufacture or after device manufacture, or they may include selected ones of the reflecting gratings.


Preface 2018 International Conference on Advanced Materials, Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation (AMIMA 2018) was held in School of Information and Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, China during May 23rd-26th, 2018. We have invited scholars and researchers from all over the world to present the conference. Co-sponsored by Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, China and University of Information Technology, Vietnam, AMIMA 2018 prepared an international stage for experts to share their research findings in the area of materials and manufacturing. The conference was featured with invited speeches and paper presentations. About 100 speakers were invited to AMIMA 2018 to present their research achievements. These lectures and presentations were well appreciated by the attendees.


This paper reports on changes in service use over a 2 1/2-year period among people aged 85+ at baseline. The socio-demographic, social, pyschological and physical characteristics of the consistently high utilizers and the consistently low utilizers of services are described. The strongest predictor of total service use was functional ability. The analyses confirmed that a small proportion of people are likely to account for the most expenditure on health and social services.


I am grateful to Mr. Dodds for pointing out the error in my paper. Equation (6) should read -▿⋅[σ(x,z)▿ϕ(x,y,z)]=Is(x,y,z), and equation (7) should read -▿⋅[σ(x,z)▿ϕ˜(x,ky,z)]+ky2σ(x,z)ϕ˜(x,ky,z)=Ĩs(x,ky,z).


This study proposes a novel standing mobility device aimed at supporting and assisting people with disabled lower limbs. The developed mobility device is capable of assisting voluntary postural transition between standing and sitting by a passive exoskeleton equipped with gas springs, in addition to providing wheeled locomotion in a standing posture using two in-wheel motors. The device allows voluntary natural assisted sit-to-stand motions. Furthermore, it can be operated in the standing posture without using hands. This paper describes the development and assessment of the standing mobility device as well as a pilot study conducted with a person with spinal cord injury. Then, investigation of the mechanical characteristics of the device is presented for further analysis of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transfer assistance.


The article considers the experience of classification documents of the territorial planning and management of urban agglomerations in the Russian Federation. We have analyzed the documents of the federal level the main aim of which is regulating the processes of formation and development of agglomerations in the country. The documents developed in the regions over the past ten years, which regulate the functioning of all Russian urban agglomerations including laws, concepts, strategies, territorial planning schemes, inter-municipal agreements, and regulations on the activities of coordination councils are considered in detail.

A comparative analysis of the documents allowed us to group agglomerations according to the degree of representation of the regulatory and documentary basis. There are five groups of agglomerations that differ in the number of documents and the degree of elaboration of agglomeration issues. The results revealed a significant gap between the selected groups. For agglomerations of the first and second groups we have prepared the complete sets of documentation, which reflect sufficiently the main parameters of agglomerations as integral system formations. For agglomerations included in the fourth group, there are no special documents, there are also some relevant materials in the regional documents of strategic and territorial planning which are characterized by poor elaboration. Agglomerations of the fifth group are not provided with regulatory documents at all, they are not considered as special formations.

The analysis can contribute to improving the methodology of agglomeration development, understanding the need to expand and improve approaches to the management of urban agglomerations as integral objects. It is obvious that the urgent problem of sustainable development and functioning of urban agglomerations is the need to develop an innovative management model, its coordination with the regulatory framework of regional management structures, and a clear definition of conceptual and terminological and spatial-structural parameters.


This paper show result of empirical analysis application of cost of capital for capital structuring in Croatian firms. Intensity of this applications is highly unrespectable because Croatian firms usually calculated cost of capital in their capital budgeting process. Analysis also show low inconsistency of Croatian firm's capital structures with peaking order theory. The paper shows that Croatian firm's employ debt in their capital structure close to the debt equity ratio 1:1, with the significant portion of trade credit and short term bank credits. This short term liabilities are greater than 60% of total used debt in analyzing firms. Finally, paper shows that with degree of using the cost of capital in capital structuring rise profitability of analyzing firms.


This article proposes a framework of studying metaphorical terms in the sphere of economics, in the context of translation difficulties lying in the base of their different perception in English and in Russian. In order to make an accurate translation, it is very important to identify the types of transformations used in the translation of  English metaphorical terms in the field of economics, into the Uzbek language. The following tasks should be fulfilled in the process of research:(1) to identify semantic and pragmatic characteristics of metaphorical economic terms; (2) to define types of transformations used in translation of metaphorical economic terms.


We are using low temperature photoluminescence (LTPL) to evaluate the quality of SiC wafers and are able to characterize up to 2 inch diameter wafers (with or without epilayers) at low temperature (2K). Polytype maps for bulk material can be drawn, as well as nitrogen concentration maps for both bulk and epilayer wafers in the very large doping range available today (from low 10(14) cm(-3) to 10(19) cm(-3)).


Although the mechanism of stress-induced gastric ulcer has not been defined yet, it is clear that gastric ulcer is occurred by stress. Moreover, the gastric ulcerogenic action of corticosteroids that increase in blood during stress is controversial. To elucidate the involvement of corticosteroids in stress-induced gastric ulceration, we used adrenalectomized or macrophage-depleted animals. Rats were bilaterally-adrenalectomized and were given saline solution as a drinking water for 6 days. Separately, the animals for macrophage depletion were intraperitoneally administered with silica (SiO₂, 500 ㎎/㎏) for 6 days prior to challenge with water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) for 4 hr. Adrenalectomy greatly reduced blood cortisol concentrations. Also, silica treatment lowered the number of macrophages to 48% of control and the differential count from 7.34% in normal animals to 2.48%, leading to a marked decrease in blood cortisol and corticosterone levels. WIRS significantly enhanced corticosteroid levels in normal and sham operated rats, and induced severe gastric ulcers. In contrast, adrenalectomy and silica treatment remarkably attenuated the stress-induced gastric ulceration, reducing the ulcer index to 30% and 10% of control level, respectively. Taken together, it is suggested that compensatory secretion of corticosteroids following macrophage activation may playa role in stress-induced gastric ulceration.


Today, SAR interferometry plays an important role in the observation of the Earth. It enables the generation of digital elevation models. Differential interferometry allows the determination of uplifting and subsidence and coherence is utilized for land use classification purposes. Most of today's radar satellites deliver data suitable for SAR interferometry. New missions will provide continuation of this capability. DLR's German Remote Sensing Data Center is implementing an operational SAR interferometry processing system, currently supporting ERS SAR data. It will be further developed for ESA's ERS follow on system ENVISAT as well as for the SRTM mission (Shuttle Radar Topography Mapper). The main objective is the operational interferometric derivation of DEMs to fill a global elevation data base. These DEMs are utilized for the terrain correction of amplitude images. Interferograms as base products for, for example, differential interferometry as well as coherence maps will be available for the repeat pass interferometry missions.


Atresia ani is a failure of development of the anal opening. It is a congenital abnormality, manifested clinically by an absence of feces, dullness, anorexia with abdominal distension, discomfort and straining at an attempt to defecate. Rectal lumen usually bulges subcutaneously at normal site of the anus when the abdomen is compressed. Surgical treatment is the only course of action . This paper reports a case of female sheep with atresia ani and also gives the surgical procedure adopted. Atresia ani is a failure of development of the anal opening. It is a congenital abnormality, manifested clinically by an absence of feces, dullness, anorexia with abdominal distension, discomfort and straining at an attempt to defecate. Rectal lumen usually bulges subcutaneously at normal site of the anus when the abdomen is compressed. Surgical treatment is the only course of action and its success depends on the extent of rectal development (Roberts, 1971; Martin & Aitken, 1991; Rebhun, 1995). Tailessness, anury or perosmus acaudatus is seen as a common defect in dairy and beef cattle and sheep characterized by a lack of coccygeal vertebrae. Polydactyly (extra digit) is a dominant, autosomal character with a variable expression. The extra toe may hang loosely from the skin or be attached with normal bones (Roberts, 1971). Different animals were received in the Surgery Clinic of College of Veterinary Science, Lahore with atresia ani in past few years. Most of the animals were females, which were confused as males. In sheep recto-vaginal fistula was also noticed with this abnormality. The case of atresia ani with the longest duration of diagnosis and treatment brought to the hospital was a female sheep of 25 days old. The case under discussion was a 3-day old ovine male kid with the history of straining and absence of feces. On clinical examination, it was found that the animal had atresia ani, absence of tail and instead it was having a 5 th limb attached at the perineal area. There was no movement in the extra limb and it was attached loosely with sacral vertebrae. It appeared like hind limb on account of hock joint like development and there were improper joints within the limb. Distally the limb was comprised of two feet i.e., four digits. The animal was depressed, anorectic and straining for defecation. Surgical Treatment On abdominal compression, the animal developed a bulge at the right dorso-lateral aspect of junction of extra limb at perineal area. The site was selected for operation and prepared for surgery. The animal was operated upon under local infiltration anesthesia with Lignocaine HCl 2% solution injected subcutaneously. After the cruciate skin incision, the blind rectum was identified and opened, which voided feces and air on abdominal compression. The rectal walls were sutured with the skin. The animal was alert and active after the surgery. Atresia ani has been reported by a number of authors in the past mostly in sheep (Martin & Aitken, 1991) and other animals (Blowey & Waverly, 1990). Tailessness has also been reported in sheep (Roberts, 1971), but no reference has been reported for a 5 th


In his famous visit to the U.S. early in the nineteenth century, the French observer Alexis de Tocqueville was surprised by what he saw as " an equality of condition " in his travels around the country. Although he commented on the existence of wealth in the new nation, he was impressed by what he saw as its relative lack of concentration (de Tocqueville 1969). Recent studies by social historians, however, discovered that de Tocqueville was mistaken. Further research suggests that a pattern of highly unequal distributions of wealth and income persisted from the time of the Revolution up through the end of the Civil War, peaking during the period from 1850 to 1870 (Sturm 1977). In subsequent years, patterns of income and wealth inequality fluctuated only slightly until the late 1970's, when the income disparity began to rise again, with the gap growing ever since (Keister and Moller 2000; Hurst 2004). Public concern for the poor emerged as a prominent issue during the latter half of the 19th century, although there is little concrete information about the actual extent of poverty in the U.S. at the time.


The "Internet of things" has become a common term, and low-power wide-area (LPWA) technology is attracting much attention as one of its elemental technologies. LPWA achieves wide-area communication without consuming much energy, allowing various data sensing and gathering applications. LoRa is an LPWA communication technology that uses unlicensed bands. Because it is possible to build a self-managed network with LoRa, many LoRa-based services will be scattered in the same area without an overall administrator. As a result, the communication performance of LoRa may degrade due to unintended radio interference. Unfortunately, many LPWA techniques, including LoRa, have low data rates, making it difficult to gather sufficient control information to avoid such degradation of communication performance. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating network congestion states through successive estimation using Bayesian updates of prior distributions. Computer simulations show the network state can be estimated by our proposed method with accumulating a little control information.


Iridium complex loaded polypyrrole nanoparticles (Ir-PPy NPs) have been prepared through the polymerization of pyrrole by Fe3+ in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and iridium complex. The Ir-PPy NPs exhibited a photothermal effect and the generation of singlet oxygen. In the Ir-PPy NPs, PPy could convert light energy to heat with a photothermal conversion efficiency of ∼35.5% when irradiated by a 730 nm continuous wave (CW) laser, and the iridium complex could generate singlet oxygen when irradiated by a 730 nm CW laser, as confirmed by monitoring the consumption of DPBF at 410 nm.


1. Six 45 kg pigs with re-entrant ileal cannulas were used in two 3 × 3 Latin-square design experiments to study the site of absorption of protein and amino acids. Semi-purified diets containing soya-bean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM) or no protein source (protein-free) were offered at the rate of 1 kg dry matter/d. 2. Flow-rates of ileal contents for 24 h collection periods, corrected for recovery of marker, were 3135, 3127 and 1243 ml (SE 390) for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively. 3. Amounts of dry matter digested in the small intestine were 730, 669 and 809 g/d for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively, all values being significantly different (P < 0·001). 4. Nitrogen intakes were 32·6, 29·9 and 5·9 g/d, and amounts digested in the small intestine were 25·7, 20·2 and 1·6 g/d for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively, all values being significantly different (P < 0·001). Amounts digested in the large intestine were 2·6, 3·7 and 0·7 g/d. 5. Total amino acid intakes and amounts collected at the ileum and in the faeces were (g/d): SBM, 177, 24 and 18; RSM, 149, 28 and 22; protein-free 3, 9 and 12. Digestibility in the small intestine was higher for SBM than RSM for seventeen of the eighteen amino acids estimated. Greater quantities of arginine, methionine, cystine and tyrosine were voided in the faeces than passed through the ileal cannulas for pigs receiving the SBM and RSM diets. For those receiving the protein-free diet this was true for each amino acid except proline. 6. Significant differences were found between all diets in the concentration of some amino acids in ileal and faecal amino-N, and endogenous protein secretions did not mask the differences between diets. 7. Differences in digestibility between SBM and RSM were greater at the ileum than in the faeces. Amino acid fermentation in the large intestine obscured or reduced differences between SBM and RSM.


The temporal imaging effect based applications in multiplication of repetition rate and optical short pulse equalization are demonstrated via simulation in this paper. The combination of a phase modulator and a dispersive element enable us not only to stabilize the multiplied pulse train but also to equalize adaptively the short pulse in optical signal processing.


The invention relates to a method for the detection of uncontrolled burning in an internal combustion engine which occur located independently of the ignition of a, in a combustion chamber (16) of the internal combustion engine (1) fuel-air mixture by a spark plug, wherein a combustion chamber pressure (p) is evaluated. In order to detect the occurrence of uncontrolled burning early from the combustion chamber pressure (p) a temperature (T) of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber (16) is derived, by means of which is closed to the occurrence of uncontrolled combustion.


In my judgment, the book would have been enhanced if MacEoin had included a wider spectrum of theological scholarship. It would be beneficial to contrast these points of view with those of an Avery Dulles or a Richard John Neuhaus. A voice from the Orthodox tradition should also have been elicited. The book will have some value for beginning students and for general readers who are not familiar with the theological literature of the past few decades. More serious students will be better served by Michael J. Buckley's Papal Primacy and Episcopate and The Exercise of the Primacy edited by Phyllis Zagano and Terrence Tilley. The authors of this volume have presented a challenging vision of the future. One wonders to what degree the vision will be fulfilled as the Church and the papacy advance into the new millennium.


All-electric intelligent anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a new technology to be developed and applied in the Electric Vehicles(EVs). It could completely replace the traditional mechanical brake as well as hybrid ABS system which is not suitable for electric vehicles. Thus it greatly improves the reaction speed, shorten the braking time, and is more easily to be integrated in the electric vehicle central control unit. It improves the braking performance by optimizing the coefficient of tire adhesion to the ground to in order obtain Maximum braking force. This paper examines an integrated controller of the ABS using Simulink/Stateflow module of Matlab, which consists of a traditional continuous PID and logic limits controller based on finite state machine theory. The two controllers regulate slip ratio and deceleration simultaneously, which can effectively optimize the braking characteristics and further improve the safety of ABS. The ABS parameters including Vehicle velocity, wheel rotational speed, braking displacement, pressure state and slip ratio are investigated to reveal the performance of ABS. This method is simple and suitable for all electric ABS. More importantly, it could solve braking problem under complex road condition and a sudden change of road condition. Quarter-car system is studied for the concept such that the proposed controller can effectively shorten braking distance and duration and also enhance the stability of ABS and has potential to applied to all electric vehicle


Active development of renewable energy is a fundamental solution to the shortage of energy supply and environment pollution,and tax incentive is an important measure in promoting renewable energy development.China's present tax system provides a weak support to the promotion of the development of renewable energy,so that it needs to be improved and the effect of tax incentives on the development of renewable energy should be strengthened.


Mathematical critical thinking skills arerequired to improve the understanding of mathematics. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of the RMS learning model (reading, mind mapping, and sharing) assisted by PPW (Props, PowerPoints, and Worksheets) toward students' thinking skills. This research is experimental research with a quasi-experimental design. The cluster random sampling technique was used to determine the sample. The data collection techniques used were tests. Before the tests were administered, they were tested using the realistic test, validity test, difficulty test, and discrimination index test. The data analysis technique used in this research wasthe one-way ANAVA with unequal cells. The results of the analysis showed that: Fobserved = 3.101296 <Fcritical = 4.076109 which indicated that H0was rejected. This indicated that there was an influence of the RMS learning model assisted by PPW on the students' thinking skills. Furthermore, concerning the hypothesis testing and data analysis, the result was that the RMS learning model assisted by PPW could significantly affect students' mathematical critical thinking skills.


The relevance of the problem concerning the development of social entrepreneurship in Russia considered in the article is determined by the increasing social difficulties that the state cannot tackle. The standard of living in Russia is declining, whereas unemployment and social tension are rising. The low efficiency of the methods utilized in solving social problems, the growing number of needy citizens and increasing social needs have led to the emergence of social entrepreneurship – a new form of socially oriented activities. That is why it is necessary to study and popularize the practices of social entrepreneurship. Therefore, in this article, RESUMEN: La relevancia del problema relacionado con el desarrollo del emprendimiento social en Rusia considerado en el artículo está determinada por las crecientes dificultades sociales que el estado no puede abordar. El nivel de vida en Rusia está disminuyendo, mientras que el desempleo y la tensión social están aumentando. La baja eficiencia de los métodos utilizados para resolver problemas sociales, el creciente número de ciudadanos necesitados y el aumento de las necesidades sociales han llevado al surgimiento del emprendimiento social, una nueva forma de actividades de orientación social. Por eso es necesario estudiar y popularizar las prácticas de emprendimiento the authors aim to develop proposals that would promote these activities that are imperative to Russia. The research involves a sociological study of youth awareness regarding social entrepreneurship. It also aims to determine the immediate prospects for the development of these ideas. The authors explore the development of social entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation as an innovative way to solve social problems through businesses. For instance, the article justifies the need for and proposes effective ways of promoting social entrepreneurship among Russian youth. Moreover, it identifies effective sources of financing social activity within the business framework. The study revealed that most students do not differentiate social entrepreneurship from charity. Concurrently, they are not ignorant of the idea of helping other people. In such conditions when the state provides no support, crowdfunding and crowdinvesting become the most appropriate ways to finance social projects. Besides that, the mass media, public service awards and the system of higher and additional education can significantly increase the number of young people involved in social entrepreneurship, which indicates the practical significance of the research findings.


Chronic pain is considered a growing healthcare problem becoming a major cause of global burden. Prolonged use of the currently used analgesics such opioids is associated with adverse effects; urging the need for safer alternatives. Cannabinoids are a group of compounds structurally related to Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC). Both cannabinoids and opioids produce antinociception in different chronic pain animal models. However, therapeutic doses of these drugs may be accompanied by undesirable side effects, such as abuse liability and decrease locomotion in animals. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of combining range of doses of opioids and cannabinoids that are sufficient to produce antinociception without producing unwanted side effects. Inflammatory pain was induced by intra‐plantar injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the left hindpaw of adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Von Frey filaments were applied to the mid‐plantar aspect of the left hind paw using the "up‐down" method to determine the CFA‐induced mechanical allodynia. Antinociceptive effect of morphine (0.32, 1 and 3.2 mg/kg; i.p), the synthetic cannabinoid CP55940 (0.032, 0.1 and 0.32 mg/kg; s.c.), their combinations, or their vehicles was evaluated 3–9 day post‐CFA administration. Intracranial self‐stimulation (ICSS) test was utilized to evaluate the abuse liability of these drugs or their combinations. Morphine produced significant antinociceptive effects at 1 and 3.2 mg/kg, but not at the lowest dose of 0.32 mg/kg with minimal changes in ICSS. CP55940 showed significant antinociceptive effects only at the highest administered dose (0.32 mg/kg), while producing depression in ICSS at 0.1 and 0.32 mg/kg. The sub‐theraputic dose of morphine (0.32 mg/kg) was co‐administered with the different doses of CP55940 (0.032, 0.1 and 0.32 mg/kg). 0.32 mg/kg morphine enhanced the antinocicpetive effects of CP55940, such that CP55940 produced antinociception at lower dose (0.1 mg/kg) compared to vehicle. However, in ICSS test, the aforementioned combinations did not change CP55940‐induced depression of ICSS. In conclusion morphine and CP55940 produce analgesic effects at lower doses if combined together with no additional risk of abuse liability side effects, which may be useful in clinical practice.


We introduce several approaches to studying the Cantor-Bendixson decomposition of and the dynamics on the (topological) space of subgroups for various families of countable groups. In particular, we uncover the perfect kernel and the Cantor-Bendixson rank of the space of subgroups of many new groups, including for instance infinitely ended groups, limit groups, hyperbolic 3-manifold groups and many graphs of groups. We also study the topological dynamics of the conjugation action on the perfect kernel, establishing the conditions for topological transitivity and higher topological transitivity. As an application, we obtain many new examples of groups in the class A of Glasner and Monod, i.e. admitting faithful transitive amenable actions. This includes for example right-angled Artin groups, limit groups, C'(1/6) small cancellation groups, random groups at density d<1/6, and more generally all virtually compact special groups.


It has been suggested that a decrease in the total concentration of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (TCAIs) ‐ secondary to a reduction in glycogen availability ‐ compromises oxidative energy provision in skeletal muscle during prolonged exercise. However, no study has directly tested this hypothesis. We therefore studied six men (28 ± 2 years) during 90 min of leg kicking exercise at an intensity equivalent to 70 % of maximum. Biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained at rest and after 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 90 min of exercise, and thigh oxygen uptake (VO2,thigh) was calculated according to the Fick principle. The sum of six measured TCAIs (≈95 % of total pool size) was 1.30 ± 0.15 mmol (kg dry wt)−1 at rest and increased (P≤ 0.05) rapidly during exercise to a peak value of 3.15 ± 0.23 mmol (kg dry wt)−1 after 10 min. Thereafter, the [TCAI] declined to 2.14 ± 0.23, 1.73 ± 0.32 and 1.62 ± 0.10 mmol (kg dry wt)−1 after 30, 60 and 90 min, respectively (P≤ 0.05vs.10 min). Despite the 50 % decrease in [TCAI], aerobic energy provision was not compromised, as evidenced by stable VO2,thigh values throughout the entire exercise bout and little change in muscle [phosphocreatine] after 10 min. The largest decrease in [TCAI] (Δ+ 1.00 ± 0.24 mmol (kg dry wt)−1) occurred from 10 to 30 min of exercise despite the fact that muscle [glycogen] remained relatively high at this point in exercise (≈274 ± 24 mmol (kg dry wt)−1 after 30 min; ≈65 % of rest value). Conversely, there was little change in [TCAI] during the final 30 min of exercise (Δ+ 0.11 ± 0.29 mmol (kg dry wt)−1) despite a decrease in [glycogen] to ≈72 ± 3 mmol (kg dry wt)−1 after 90 min (≈13 % of rest value). We conclude that there is a progressive decrease in muscle [TCAI] during prolonged exercise in humans; however this decrease does not compromise aerobic energy provision and is not attributable to the depletion of muscle [glycogen].


Precise conductance measurements have been made on twelve uni-univalent salts dissolved in sulpholane. The results have been fitted to better than 0.1 % by introducing an association constant and by using the Pitts equation for the conductance of free ions. To reconcile the closest distances of approach of associated ions according to the Bjerrum model with the sums of ionic radii it is necessary to take account of dielectric saturation. This is particularly so for lithium chloride and bromid which have association constants of 1.386 × 104 l. mole–1 and of 278 l. mole–1 respectively.


Let fU(p;q)gpq�0 be the N-periodic discrete evolution family of mm ma- trices having complex scalers as entries generated by L(C m )-valued, N-periodic sequence of mm matrices (An) where N � 2 is a natural number. We proved that the Poincare map U(N;0) is dichotomic if and only if the matrix V� = N P �=1 U(N;�)e i�� is invertible and there exists a projection P which com- mutes with the map U(N;0) and the matrix V�, such that for each � 2 R and each vector b 2 C m the solutions of the discrete Cauchy sequences xn+1 = Anxn + e in Pb; x0 = 0 and yn+1 = A 1 n yn + e in (I P)b; y 0 = 0 are bounded.


Hey @scsu #literacies and @SCSU_CompSci students we released our w3c #credweb community group Technological Approaches to Improving Credibility Assessment on the Web https://credweb.org/report/20181011


Class and Labor in Iran: Did the Revolution Matter? by Farhad Nomani and Sohrab Behdad, Syracuse University Press, 2006. xiii + 214 pages. Tables. Bibl. to p. 234. Index to p. 268. $49.95. Reviewed by Djavad Salehi-Isfahani To say that the publication of a book on Iran's social classes in 2006 is timely is simply to note that more than any other time this year, Iran is the focus of international attention. This book makes an important and timely contribution to our understanding of the internal dynamics of Iran's society. The question the authors pose, and the book's subtitle, is "Did the Revolution Matter?" Their short answer is that it did not, at least as far as the class structure is concerned. Their long answer, which takes the reader through much painstaking manipulation of census employment data, shows that the Revolution brought about deep changes in employment structure during its first (the "Khomeini") decade that were reversed during the subsequent period of "rejuvenation of capitalism." The book's greatest merit lies in its empirical approach to the study of class and labor. The theoretical discussion is brief and to the point, confined to one chapter, where the authors explain their neo-Marxist approach modeled after Erik Wright.1 This approach expands the traditional bipolar structure of capitalist versus working class based on the ownership of means of production to take into account the important role of human capital in modern capitalist production. A useful chart (p. 30) describes how the three concepts of ownership, authority, and skill are fused in this framework. Empirically, they describe the class structure in Iran by four main social classes: capitalists, the petty bourgeoisie, the middle class, and the working class. Each is then divided into sub-categories, such as modern and traditional, public and private sector, etc. Mapping the census data on occupational categories into these four classes can only come at the cost of some heroic assumptions, which can stretch one's credulity. We read on page 88 that, "in 1976 there were 182,000 capitalists in Iran." Among these are all types of employers, including small employers, such as bicycle repair shop owners, who predominate, In 1976, for example, the average number of employees for 97% of establishments was less than two (p. 90). Unpaid family workers (about half of whom were moved from this category in 1976, to the category "unspecified" in 1986) count as petty bourgeois. The empirical work is confined to census data from 1976, 1986, and 1996, which is unfortunate, as important changes have occurred since the last census. For exampie, the shares of wage and salary workers in the private and public sectors have reversed since early 1990s; in 2004, the private sector employed 50% more wage and salary workers compared to the public sector. There are plenty of employment survey data that could have been used to examine changes during the last ten years of economic growth (annual employment surveys since 1997 are available at www.amar.sci. ir). When, sometime in 2007, the results of the new census, taken in November 2006, are made available, the book's description of class structure in Iran would seem quite out of date. The crux of the empirical analysis of this book is that economic crisis during the "Khomeini decade" led to what they call "involution," which is characterized, among other things, by a large shift during 1976-86, from 32% to 40%, in favor of the petty bourgeoisie, and away from the working class, from 40% to 25%. …


This article examines conceptually the relationship between timestyle—the customary manner in which one perceives and thinks about time—and leisure decisions. The authors suggest that individuals' timestyles can be described via four key dimensions, namely, social, temporal, planning, and polychronic orientations. Further, it is posited that these four dimensions of timestyle influence leisure activity decisions through their impact on categorization processes implicated in time perception. Propositions are offered for the linkages between timestyle and temporal category structures, the various factors that likely affect the categorization of any particular unit of leisure time, and how categorization of a leisure time unit in turn leads to the formation of a small-sized consideration set of leisure activity choices.


This paper presents a new floating random-walk algorithm for the solution of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation in the context of plasma discharge modeling. Previous studies using the floating random-walk method have examined only the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation, producing solutions that are only accurate for small values of the potential. This is due to the absence of analytical expressions for volumetric Green's functions for nonlinear equations. In this work, an approximate expression for a volumetric Green's function has been derived with the help of a novel use of iterative perturbation theory, and this expression has been incorporated within the floating random-walk framework. The floating random-walk method is based on probabilistic interpretations of deterministic equations and needs no discretization of either the volume or the surface of the problem domains. Hence the memory requirements are expected to be lower than approaches based on spatial discretization, such as the finite-difference or the finite-element method. Another advantage of this method is that the random-walks are statistically independent, so that the computational procedure is highly parallelizable and a nearly linear increase in computational speed is expected with an increase in the number of processors. In this paper, we present the preliminary results in one dimension where excellent agreement has been obtained with an analytical benchmark solution.


In order to solve the problem that the quality of steel strip products is rough by manual evaluation, this paper will combine expert knowledge with quality data and establish four evaluation grades by taking surface quality, mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy as evaluation indicators. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method are used to confirm the weight of each evaluation indicator. The mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy indicators are confirmed by statistical method to find out the optimal range of indicator parameters, and the indicator deterioration degree is calculated. The deterioration degree of surface quality indicator is confirmed by fuzzy language quantization. The membership degree of each indicator parameter is calculated according to the membership degree function of ridge distribution, and then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation result matrix of strip quality is obtained by synthesizing each indicator parameter step by step. Finally, the comprehensive score of strip steel quality is obtained by quantizing and summing the evaluation result matrix. The experimental results show that the evaluation result of the model is consistent with the actual data, so it has certain practicability.


Due to special geographical and political factors, cities in Tibet developed pretty slowly before 1950s. The living environment was bad, while the improvement of human settlements was neglected for a long period time. After the peaceful liberation, the Central Committee began to strengthen city construction of Tibet in all aspects. From three aspects of transportation, environmental sanitation and medical treatment, this paper describes the status of urban development in Tibet before 80s, and discusses the positive impacts of living environment improvement in various cities and regions of Tibet. The construction of good living environment plays a vital role in the development of cities in Tibet.


Background and Objective: Permit-to-work system is a formal, documented, and written system aiming at controlling the risk of occupations that are considered potentially dangerous. This study aimed to identify and prioritize the criteria affecting the performance of the permit-to-work system in an oil refinery. Materials and Methods: The present study was designed and implemented in three steps. In the first step, the primary research criteria were identified after reviewing previous studies and conducting interviews with experts. In the second step, the Fuzzy Delphi method was used to determine the final criteria after obtaining the opinions of 25 experts regarding the primary criteria. Finally, the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was utilized to weigh and prioritize the identified criteria. Results: The result of the Fuzzy Delphi method showed that six criteria affected the performance of the permit-to-work system. These criteria included the hazard identification and risk assessment, training and competence of individuals, preventive actions, communication, responsibility, and coordination. The prioritization of these criteria using fuzzy hierarchical analysis showed that responsibility ) final weight 0.191), as well as coordination and communication (final weight 0.134 ( obtained the highest and lowest importance among the identified criteria, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, a model of decision-making based on Delphi methods and fuzzy hierarchical analysis was introduced to identify the factors affecting the performance of the permit-to-work system in an oil refinery.


We use the Henriques et al. (2015) version of the Munich galaxy formation model (L-GALAXIES) to investigate why the halo and stellar mass scales above which galaxies are quenched are constant with redshift and coincide with the scale where baryons are most efficiently converted into stars. This model assumes that central galaxies are quenched by AGN feedback when hot halo gas accretes onto a supermassive black hole. Nevertheless, we find that supernova (SN) feedback sets both mass scales. As haloes grow above a threshold mass, SNe can no longer eject material so their hot gas content increases, enhancing the cooling rate onto the central galaxy, its cold gas content, its star formation rate and the growth rate of its central black hole. Strong AGN feedback terminates this short-lived phase by suppressing the fuel supply for star formation. Despite strong evolution of the halo mass - temperature relation, quenching occurs at a redshift-independent halo and stellar mass which coincides with the mass where baryons have been converted into stars with maximal efficiency. These regularities and coincidences are a result of the specific parameters selected by MCMC tuning of the model to fit the observed abundance and passive fraction of galaxies over the redshift range 0


Abstract 3472 Allo-SCT procedures are currently undergoing a profound evolution. The spectra of patients and diseases for which this approach is now considered have increased considerably over the past years. This is mainly due to the introduction in routine practice of the so-called nonmyeloablative or RIC regimens. While it is well established that fludarabine is the backbone drug to secure engraftment, there is a wide variability in the degree of myeloablation between the different RIC protocols, and the toxicity profile might vary significantly from one protocol to another. The combination of fludarabine and Busulfan (usually 8 mg/Kg total dose) with or without ATG, is among the most widely used RIC protocols worldwide. In an attempt to further decrease the toxicity of the transplant procedure, we hypothesized that further reduction (50%) of the Busulfan dose can allow improving transplant outcome for lymphoid neoplasms. With this background, this retrospective analysis was performed to assess whether a RIC regimen including fludarabine (120 mg/m 2 ), low dose busulfan (4 mg/Kg total dose administered orally over a single day) and ATG (Thymoglobuline®, 2.5 mg/Kg/d for 2 days; FB1A protocol, n=44), is a valid alternative to the classical RIC regimen including fludarabine (90 mg/m 2 ) and TBI (2 Gy.) (FTBI, n=27) prior to allo-SCT. The cohort included 37 males (52%) and 34 females (48%) treated consecutively in a single centre, with a median age at time of allo-SCT of 53 (range, 15–66) y. Diagnoses included 39 NHL (55%), 17 Hodgkin lymphomas (24%), 12 CLL (17%) and 3 myeloma (4%). PBSCs were used as stem cell source in 42 patients (91%), while 4 patients (9%) received classical bone marrow. A matched-related donor was used in 18 cases (39%) and an unrelated donor in 28 cases (61%). With a median follow-up of 43 (range, 3.7–85) months after allo-SCT, all patients, but one (from the FTBI group) engrafted. In the FB1A group, the acute grade 3–4 GVHD rate was 20.5% (n=9), the chronic GVHD rate was 32% (n=14), the relapse rate was 23% (n=10) and the TRM rate was 25% (n=11). In the FTBI group, the rate of grade 3–4 acute GVHD rate was 44% (n=12; P=0.03 in comparison to the FB1A group), the chronic GVHD rate was 52% (n=14; P=0.09), the relapse rate was 15% (n=4; P=NS) and the TRM rate was 37.0% (n=10; P=NS). At 2 years, overall survival was 66% (95%CI, 51–78%) in the FB1A group versus 55% (95%CI, 36–73%) in the FTBI group (P=NS). Disease-free survival (DFS) was also comparable between both groups (at 2 years, 59% in the FB1A group, vs. 48% in the FTBI group, P=NS). In a Cox multivariate analysis for OS or DFS, the type of RIC regimen was not significantly associated with outcome. In all, these results suggest that in patients with lymphoid malignancies, a RIC regimen including Fludarabine, ATG and low dose busulfan (4 mg/Kg total dose) is a valid alternative to the classical Fludarabine and low dose TBI-based RIC regimen with a favorable toxicity profile and efficient disease control. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.