Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was employed to study the interaction between memantine (a water-soluble drug for treating Alzheimer's disease) and lipid bilayers (including zwitterionic PC and negatively charged PG lipid bilayers) at the molecular level in real time and in situ. SFG results revealed how the memantine affected these lipid bilayers in terms of the lipid dynamics, average tilt angle (θ), as well as angle distribution width (σ). It was found that memantine could adsorb onto the zwitterionic PC surface but did not affect the flip-flop rate of the PC bilayer even in the presence of 5.0 mM memantine, indicating the negligible interaction between memantine and the PC bilayer. However, for the negatively charged PG bilayer, it was found that the outer PG leaflet could be significantly destroyed by memantine at a relatively low memantine concentration (1.0 mM), while the inner PG leaflet remained intact. Besides, the θ and σ of CD3 groups in the outer PG lipid leaflet were ...


The paper deals with fuzzifications of the coalitional game models in which the expected pay-offs of players and coalitions are known only vaguely. There exists a class of games, here we call them linear coalitional games, which can be modelled as games with, as well as without, side payments. In the deterministic case both types of models of a linear coalitional game lead to the same results. As the fuzzification of games with side-payments is based on other principles than the fuzzification of more general games without side-payments, the linear coalitional games offer situations in which both approaches to the fuzzification of coalitional game models can be compared and their differences can be clearly illustrated. In this paper the attention is focused to the analysis of concepts of superadditivity and core of coalitional games.


Background: in endemic areas, neurocysticercosis appears mainly as a single, large, spherical and non-enhancing intracranial cyst. Case presentation: an atypical case of neurocysticercosis (NCC) in a French Caucasian, without history of travel to endemic areas, was confirmed by histology and molecular speciation. Imaging was atypical, showing several hook-bearing scolices visible in the cyst, while the serology employed was non-contributary. Conclusions: NCC should be considered when multiple taeniid scolices are observed within the same cystic lesion.


Based on photogrammetric principals two methods for multi-baselines forward intersection are introduced: bundle forward intersection and linear forward intersection. The two methods for multi-baseline forward are compared and analyzed. And how the baseline length and sequential-stereo-image counts influence the forward intersection precision is analyzed. The analysis result can give directions for practical production.


Crop biomass is an important attribute to consider in relation to site-specific nitrogen (N) management as critical N levels in plants vary depending on crop biomass. Whilst LiDAR technology has been used extensively in small plot-based phenomics studies, large-scale crop scanning has not yet been reported for cereal crops. A LiDAR sensing system was implemented to map a commercial 64-ha wheat paddock to assess the spatial variability of crop biomass. A proximal active reflectance sensor providing spectral indices and estimates of crop height was used as a comparison for the LiDAR system. Plant samples were collected at targeted locations across the field for the assessment of relationships between sensed and measured crop parameters. The correlation between crop biomass and LiDAR-derived crop height was 0.79, which is similar to results reported for plot scanning studies and greatly superior to results obtained for the spectral sensor tested. The LiDAR mapping showed significant crop biomass variability across the field, with estimated values ranging between 460 and 1900 kg ha−1. The results are encouraging for the use of LiDAR technology for large-scale operations to support site-specific management. To promote such an approach, we encourage the development of an automated, on-the-go data processing capability and dedicated commercial LiDAR systems for field operation.


The objective of this study is to survey the working health status and musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) in garlic farmers. 111 full-time farmers(males=51, females=60) lived in Gangwon province participated in the study. To offer the fundamental data for agricultural improvement of garlic farms, information about physical characteristic, health condition, and musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) was obtained by questionnaire and interviews. The results are as follows: 1. Mean age was 57.1(15.3)yrs in males, 62.6(14.0)yrs in females. 2. Cultivation period was 36.5(19.6)yr, Cultivation area was 17.9(26.7)a. 3. Smoking rates were 41.2% in males and 1.7% in females. 4. Drinking rates were 60.8% in males and 23.7% in females. 5. Regular exercise rates were 14.3% in males and 5.8% in females. 6. The order of physical fatigue in farmers was tired(63.6%), a little tired(21.8), and very tired(12.7%). 7. The prevalence rate of medical diagnosed diseases was higher osteoarthritis(34.2%) and herniated nucleus pulposus(HNP, 23.4%) than other disease. 7. Prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms among the various pain areas was higher in order of arm/elbows, low back, and knees. 8. Prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms above NIOSH standard 1 was higher in order of low back, knees, and shoulders. These results can be practically used for work improvement of Garlic farms to prevent MSDs.


Public enterprises conceived as an instrument for maximizing the welfare function have a major influence in the development of a mixed economy like India. They are referred to as 'Commanding Heights Of The Indian Economy'. In 1947, when the country became independent, there were various socio-economic problems confronting the country, which needed to be dealt with in a planned and systematic manner. India at the time was an agrarian economy with a weak industrial base, low level of savings, inadequate investment and lack of infrastructural facilities. There existed considerable inequalities in income and levels of employment, glaring regional imbalances in economic development and lack of trained manpower. As such, the State's intervention in all the sectors of the economy was inevitable since the private sector neither had the necessary resources, the managerial and scientific skill, nor the will to undertake risks associated with large long-gestation investments. Given the type and range of problems faced by the country on the economic, social and strategic fronts, it become a pragmatic compulsion to use the public sector as an instrument for self-reliant economic growth.


Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency in old age. Compared to other Indian states, Kerala has one of the highest proportions of elderly in the country. However, there is poor awareness about dementia among all sections of our society. There should be a concerted effort to educate the public and to develop services that improve quality of life of dementia patients. Professionals have to be trained and made confident in understanding and skilled in addressing the problems associated with dementia. There is a need to develop specialized dementia care services that can be implemented using the existing infrastructure. The Kerala model of health care, a remarkable achievement at par with those of many developed countries, is ideal for developing a dementia care initiative that can serve as a model for other Indian states. Health, social welfare, and social justice sectors should jointly design a service stream for dementia sufferers. Voluntary agencies can play a close collaborative role in this model of care, and organizations like Alzheimer's and Related Disorders Society of India (ARDSI) are well positioned to do it, considering their experience and knowledge.


Objective: To demonstrate that the increase of iodine in the diet could be the trigger factor of auto-immune thyreopathies in regions of currencies of Municipalities of Santo Andre and Sao Paulo, SP. Methods: were evaluated 71 patients between 2002 and 2003: 58(81.70%) with thyreopathies and 13(18.30%) without thyreopathies(control). These 58 patients were divided into groups: 1-hyperthyreoidism, 2-hypothyreoidism, 3-auto-immune chronic thyreoiditis, 4-amiodarone, 5-control. Detecting urinary iodine in 71 patients, the average values were: Groups: 1=203.50ug/L; 2=258.31ug/L; 3=244.29ug/L; 4=1157.50ug/L; 5=262.31ug/L. Excluding the amiodarona group, we do not observe significant differences in the average of urinary iodine among the groups(p>0.05). The urinary iodine from these patients is not different from urinary iodine levels obtained by the same method in Santo Andre in 1994, when more than 80% of schoolchildren demonstrated urinary iodine levels sufficient. Conclusion: the iodine cannot be considered the trigger factor of auto-immune thyreopathies in the regions mentioned above.


ABSTRACT The granting of parole to prisoners is the last link of the convict's fostering business in the penal system. By means of parole, inmates can improve communication with the wider community, rediscover their self-worth as human beings and their existence as members of society. In this conditional exercise it must be considered or based on correctional principles, one of which states that during the loss of freedom of movement, prisoners should be introduced to society and should not be alienated from it. By observing one of these principles, it is hoped that the implementation of parole as a means to foster prisoners based on the penal system in achieving its aims and objectives. Factors that are an obstacle or barrier to the implementation of parole are as follows: The inmate concerned still has other cases that have not yet been decided by the court; The prisoner concerned has not received remission or legal deduction; Prisoners who are recidivists; The convicted prisoner during the fostering of the Penal Institution violates; Inmates who underwent less than one year of crime; The Correctional Officer does want conditional exemption to be increased, but the prisoner often commits an offense while in the Penitentiary, so that his administrative requirements do not support prisoners being sent for parole. Sometimes the decline of the parole decree is delayed and if something like this happens then the inmates themselves will be confused, while the officers have tried as much as possible, the prisoners may feel that the prison officers made it difficult to issue the decree. From these communities, parole often encounters obstacles that make prisoners feel less acceptable, for example the families of the victims are still grudging against the prisoners concerned and there is a perception from the public that these prisoners after leaving and getting parole may disturb the order and security of the neighborhood his place. Keywords: Parole


In view of the low efficiency of the particle swarm algorithm under multiple constraints of reservoir optimal operation, this paper introduces a particle swarm algorithm based on strongly constrained space. In the process of particle optimization, the algorithm eliminates the infeasible region that violates the water balance in order to reduce the influence of the unfeasible region on the particle evolution. In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, it is applied to the calculation of reservoir optimal operation. Finally, this method is compared with the calculation results of the dynamic programming (DP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The results show that: (1) the average computational time of strongly constrained particle swarm optimization (SCPSO) can be thought of as the same as the PSO algorithm and lesser than the DP algorithm under similar optimal value; and (2) the SCPSO algorithm has good performance in terms of finding near-optimal solutions, computational efficiency, and stability of optimization results. SCPSO not only improves the efficiency of particle evolution, but also avoids excessive improvement and affects the computational efficiency of the algorithm, which provides a convenient way for particle swarm optimization in reservoir optimal operation.


On December 2019, a viral pneumonia known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in China and has spread rapidly throughout the world. The official announcement of the first case of COVID-19 in Turkey was made on March 11th, 2020, and strict pandemic measures have been taken since then. Routine healthcare for non-COVID-19 disorders have been either restricted or interrupted due to COVID-19 patient overload. Considering the published declarations of International Breast Imaging Societies in March 2020, breast cancer screening, mammography, and breast MRI were delayed for 2.5 months in our country in line with the pandemic precautions (1, 2). Since the mitigation of COVID-19 pandemic measures, we started to accept patients in our breast clinic as of June 1st, after a 2.5-month break. In June 2020, 333 patients were admitted to our clinic, 179 for screening and the remaining 154 for diagnostic work-up. Seventeen of these patients were diagnosed with breast cancer. The mean and the median tumor sizes were 33.9 mm and 15 mm (range, 6–100 mm) respectively. The staging of these patients was as follows; five were classified as Stage III, three were Stage IV (one bone, one liver and one orbital metastasis), one was stage IIA, four were stage IB, and four were Stage IA. Only two of these cancers were detected by screening and presented as stage I in both cases. Our data showed that 47.1% of our patients were diagnosed with advanced-stage breast cancer whereas 52.9% were at an earlier stage. When compared with our 3-year breast cancer data, early-stage breast cancer rate was 52.9% vs. 81.2% and advanced breast cancer rate was 47.1% vs. 18.8 %. We have observed a significant rise in higher stage cancers after the pandemic period in which screening was discouraged. In line with these findings, we have observed late diagnosis in patients who have missed their screening period or were scared to visit a breast clinic after finding a lump in their breast. Our patients declared that they have postponed their visits considering that their findings were not urgent, even in the presence of a newly developed lump. However, tumor extent at the time of diagnosis is important as the stage of the disease is one of the main prognostic factors of breast cancer. On the other hand, one of our patients was detected by the thorax CT examination which was held for COVID-19 pneumonia. Regarding this patient, it is apparent that thorax CT examinations of patients with COVID-19 suspected symptoms may play an important role in detecting silent breast cancers. We believe that meticulous evaluation of the breast tissue in these CT exams is essential. The rate of survival from breast cancer decreases significantly when the stage is higher at the time of diagnosis (3, 4). In other words, the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage breast cancer increases both the survival rate and the quality of life (5, 6). In the COVID-19 pandemic, women were discouraged from screening, as well as scared to visit a health clinic. We believe that this is the main reason for the late diagnoses observed in our clinic. In case of a second wave of pandemic, women should be well informed about breast cancer via social media. Women must be encouraged to perform self-breast examination at home and consult a health professional in case of any suspicious findings such as new-onset lump, skin or nipple retraction, orange peel skin, or unilateral nipple discharge (2). Furthermore, screening of women at high risk must be pursued. We believe that it is the responsibility of breast radiologists to maintain the continuity of both the information and imaging of women during the pandemic measures. In conclusion, during the pandemic, continuous information of the women, an elective screening strategy, and ongoing diagnostic breast cancer imaging with necessary safety measures should be ensured. Furthermore, a meticulous evaluation of thorax CT examinations for breast lesions should be kept in mind in the assessment of women with suspected COVID-19.


The compound, [Ni(phen)3]NO3 · C2H5OP(O)O · 3H2O, was obtained by the reaction of Ni(NO3)2, C2H5OP(OH)2 and 1,10-phenanthroline in 95% EtOH solution, and was characterized using IR and UV spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements over the temperature range 75-300 K. The red crystal is triclinic of space group P&1macr;, with lattice parameters a = 12.462(3), b = 13.416(3), c = 13.422(3) Å, f = 75.88(3), g = 64.75(3), n = 65.87(3)°, and Z = 2. The coordinated cation contains a six-coordinate nickel atom chelated by three phenanthroline ligands, resulting in a distorted octahedral arrangement with the six Ni-N distances ranging from 2.086(2) to 2.113(3) Å. In addition to the nickel coordination complex, there are two anions, NO3 and C2H5OP(O)O-, and three water molecules which complete the crystal structure. In the solid state, the title compound forms a three dimensional network structure through hydrogen bonds. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds connect the [Ni(phen)3]2+, NO3, C2H5OP(O)O- and H2O molecules.


This paper describes how the State of Arizona and the Phoenix metropolitan area have been identified as one of the opportunity states and cities for taking initiatives in resolving pedestrian safety issues. The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) has volunteered to be the lead agency along with the City of Phoenix in developing a Statewide Pedestrian Safety Action Plan. Using the resources and funding provided by the Federal Highway Administration, the State of Arizona is in the process of developing the plan that will include safety guidance for the state as well as local agencies. Representatives from several other local jurisdictions in the Phoenix metropolitan area are assisting in this effort, and Phoenix is well on its way in developing its local Pedestrian Safety Action Plan.


The entity extraction has already been quite mature in the area of natural language processing. With the dramatic increase of electronic medical texts,more and more attention have been paid on the applications of medical entity extraction in the medical field. However,for the terminology in the medical field,the accuracy of generic entity extraction is not high. This paper uses the method of linguistic rules to extract diseases,symptoms and pathogens in dispensatory and evaluate the accuracy of the system. According to the existing vocabulary,part of speech tagger will conduct the initial entity extraction. And then,the medical terminology will be enriched by the linguistic rules,so it can further improve the accuracy of the medical entity extraction. The experimental results show that the accuracy of medical entities,such as diseases,symptoms and pathogens,is more than 80% and the approach proposed by this paper is efficient and effective.


Yttrium aluminium garnet (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 , YAG) is an important material used as a laser host and in phosphors. YAG powders are conventionally synthesized by solid-state reaction processing using Y 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 as starting materials. The solid-state reaction process usually requires high calcination temperatures to eliminate intermediate phases. The high calcination temperature inevitably leads to coarsening of the microstructure and, thus low sinterability of the synthesized powders. As a result, extremely high sintering temperatures are needed in order to obtain translucent or transparent YAG ceramics. Various wet-chemical methods have successfully reduced the calcination temperature of YAG powders. Both ammonium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide carbonate were used as the precipitant for the synthesis of YAG powders via co-precipitation process. In this study, ammonium hydroxide carbonate was selected as the precipitant to produce Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 and YAG powders from the solutions of yttrium and aluminium nitrates via precipitation. The effect of the molar ratio between the precipitant and source salt on the yield and composition of the resultant yttrium and aluminium precipitates, and the evolution of the precursors of the resultant powders with calcination temperature were investigated.


In the previous papers (1, 2), the biological functions of riboflavinylglucoside have been studied in the culture of Aspergillus oryzae, a wellknown mold to have a high activity of transglucosidase and several evidences have been described in some detail. For investigating such function further, Rhizopus oryzae having very low transglu cosidase activity was employed. Thus the author found, in the culture medium of the mold containing riboflavinylglucoside, a new flavin compound, a riboflavinylglu coside mononucleotide, in which the ribityl radical was linked with a phosphate.


While interest in the topic of attention has a long history in organizational studies, little research has investigated what qualities of attention are most pertinent to working professionals—and how these qualities may be attained. Through the study reported here, I elaborate theory concerning the qualities of attention in a dynamic work setting (trial law). Specifically, I identify the importance of two qualities of attention—attentional breadth and attentional integration—and examine how these qualities connect to the experiences individuals accrue within the focal context. My findings indicate that, through the acquisition of experience, individuals become attentive to a wide range of events surrounding them (via attentional breadth) and attuned to the opportunities that reside within these events (via attentional integration). Therefore, in achieving these two qualities of attention, individuals are able to see not only more events but also more possibilities.


studies performed The The approach of a unilateral impact of the financial sector on economic growth was invalidated by the last financial crisis which very quickly changed into a global economic crisis. The aim of the study is the analysis of the impact of the financial sector on economic growth in the context of the growing phenomenon of financialization, which was one of the significant reasons of the financial crisis. The study was focused on presenting the growing scale of this phenomenon and analysing the impact of money supply in USD and EUR on world GDP and the GDP of the USA and the Eurozone. The following hypothesis was postulated: the growing process of financialization causes the growth of the USD and EUR supply, influencing changes in the world GDP, the GDP of the USA and the Eurozone. The study confirmed the hypothesis of the relation of the money supply with changes in economic growth. However, influencing economic growth with the money supply causes the purchasing power of business entities to decrease and causes growing debt. Furthermore, it does not contribute to the strength of the real economy. A repair of the current "system" should not be sought for in constantly increasing macroprudential regulations, but in a return to a country's interventionism, leading to a change in the priorities of the actions of financial institutions; mainly banks, and the supply of money based on fixed parities (gold, energy).


With the increasing consummation about the noninvasive monitoring technique in the artery structure and function,These improvements have a great significance in making us advance our recognition about the effect of large artery in the genesis and development of hypertension,illuminating the change of large artery buffering function and noninvasive evaluation methods and their relationship with cardiovascular disease,which will bring a new moment for the prevention and cure of cardiovascular.


A deepwater production riser design developed by Mobil Research and Development Corporation is presented. The riser consists of a lower rigid section terminated about 200 feet below the sea surface with a tensioning buoy assembly and a flexible upper section made of a bundle of flexible pipes. It is designed to be compliant to waves, currents and vessel motions and applicable to both mild and severe environments. Design, analysis, testing, and installation method are discussed.


Millimeter‐wave interferometric synthetic aperture imagers are currently being developed for short‐range applications such as concealed weapons detection. In contrast to the traditional snapshot imaging approach, we investigate the potential of mechanical scanning between the scene and the array in order to reduce the number of antennas and correlators. We assess the trade‐off between this hardware reduction, the radiometric sensitivity and the imaging frame rate of the system. We show that rotational scanning achieves a more uniform coverage of the (u, v) plane than the more conventional linear scanning. We use a genetic algorithm to optimize two‐dimensional arrays for maximum uniform (u, v) coverage after a rotational mechanical scan and demonstrates improvements in the array point spread function. Imaging performance is assessed with simulated millimeter‐wave scenes. Results show an increased image quality is achieved with the optimized array compared with a conventional power law Y‐shaped array. Finally we discuss the increased demands on system stability and calibration that the increased acquisition time of the proposed technique places.


Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most commonly-encountered entrapment neuropathy. The classic symptoms of CTS are numbness and paraesthesia in the first three fingers of the hand, which is commonly exacerbated at night. The diagnostic signs include sensory loss along the lateral aspect of the hand, motor weakness and wasting of abductor pollicis brevis muscle. Tinel's and Phalen's signs are elicited at the wrist. Methods: This is a prospective analysis of clinical and electrophyisologic study performed on patients that attended the rheumatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary institution. The primary patients of the unit and those that were referred to the rheumatology clinic on account of clinical features of CTS were included in the study. Excluded from the study were pregnant women and those with previous history of CTS surgery. Nerve conduction study was carried out on all patients with features of nerve compression at the wrist. Results: Sixty nine (69) patients out of 82 that presented with clinical features of CTS were diagnosed of CTS. Females constituted 84.1% (58) and males were 15 .9% (11). The most affected age group was (31-40) years. Diabetes patients had the highest presentation of CTS (42%). The classic history of CTS was reported in 33.3%, Paraethesia was observed in 46.4%, numbness in 44.9% while paraethesia and numbness together were reported in 40.6% of patients. Day pain and nocturnal pain was seen in 60.9% and only nocturnal pain was reported by 42.0%. Abductor policis brevis (APB) muscle weakness was found in 24.6% of patients while 11.65% had wasting of the muscle. Conclusion: CTS was fairly common among the rheumatology patients and diabetes patients were predominantly affected.


The study of EC waves even in respectively low temperature laboratory plasma requires taking into account relativistic effects, especially for the quasiperpendicular waves propagation. Two original equivalent integral forms of the exact relativistic dielectric tensor for Maxwellian plasma were given by Trubnikov [1] but were singular and as a result proved difficult to evaluate numerically. For low temperature plasma, in which relativistic effects are relatively weak, gradually was developed the theory of weakly relativistic approximation that widely used now in applications. A review of vast number of works in that direction is presented in the recent book of Brambilla [2]. For plasma with more high temperature the theory is developed in less detail. One approach was suggested by Tamor [3], who simplified the problem studding only non-singular anti-Hermitian parts of dielectric tensor. This way, using recursive properties of anti-Hermitian parts, allows him numerically to estimate those parts for plasma with temperature below 30 KeV. For more high temperatures this way failed due numerical instability of the recursion. Later, at the same way Bortnatici and Ruffina gave exact analytical expressions for anti-Hermitian parts of dielectric tensor for harmonics with numbers and estimate Hermitian parts [4]. However, their results for anti-Hermitian parts were not quite general and estimations for Hermitian parts were approximate. That didn't allow them to derive whole dielectric tensor in the exact closed form. 0 ≥ n


In addition to the main social function of the judiciary (solving conflicts), there are other important social tasks of the judiciary that can be summarised as solving conflicts, protecting the interests (rights) of individuals and general (state) interests, social control, the judiciary in the function of a homeostatic mechanism and achieving system legitimacy and control of the executive branch of power. The public's perception of the judiciary and its confidence in the judicial system depends first and foremost on the public's notions of the tasks and competencies of the judicial authorities as they are formed in public opinion. These notions and the related perception of the social functions of the judiciary are to a small extent formed on the basis of the individual personal experiences of participants in judicial proceedings and the experiences of others that these impart to their social environment. To a greater extent, the social perception and public opinion of the work of the courts depends on media reports, the appearances of politicians and the public appearances of representatives of the judiciary.


In this study, novel Ag₂Se sensitized TiO₂ nanocomposites were prepared by facile sonochemical assisted synthesis method. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N₂ adsorption BET analysis. The as-prepared Ag₂Se/TiO₂ nanocomposites simultaneously possessed great adsorptivity for organic dyes and efficient charge separation properties. In the decolorization of rhodamine B, a significant enhancement in the reaction rate was observed for the Ag2Se/TiO₂ nanocomposite compared to the cases of using pure P25 or TiO₂. The sonocatalysis activity was higher due to the greater formation of reactive radicals, as well as to the increase of the active surface area of the Ag₂Se/TiO₂ nanocomposite.


Parliamentary control has become more active within the past twelve years and administrative management has been fairly actively supervised. During that time various administrative reform projects have been the subject of long and serious debates, although the Government has a comfortable majority. Priority has been given to the control of the administration and the management of the civil service. Nevertheless, members of parliament do not yet avail themselves of all the possibilities of control. This is not due to the Government's attitude but to a long period of unprogressiveness under authoritarian rule.


Stimulation of the A1 adenosine receptor and angiotensin II receptor type‐1 (AT1 receptor) causes vasoconstriction through activation of cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) and ERK1/2. Thus, we hypothesized that acute angiotensin II activation alters the vasomotor response induced by the non‐selective adenosine receptor agonist, NECA, in mouse mesenteric arteries (MAs).


Tunability of the surface plasmon resonance wavelength is demonstrated by varying the thickness of Al2O3 spacer layer inserted between the graphene and nanoparticles. By varying the spacer layer thickness from 0.3 to 1.8 nm, the resonance wavelength is shifted from 583 to 566 nm. The shift is due to a change in the electromagnetic field coupling strength between the localized surface plasmons excited in the gold nanoparticles and a single layer graphene film. In contrast, when the graphene film is absent from the system, no noticeable shift in the resonance wavelength is observed upon varying the spacer thickness.


This paper reports in a summary form on the discussions during a workshop organized by IIASA and UNIDO in January 1983. The workshop treated problems and prospects relating to developing countries in the sectors of forestry and wood-processing industries. The results of the workshop will be used in IIASA's project "Structural Change in the Forest Sector" and in UNIDO's work on its world-wide study on wood and wood processing industries. The invited participants came mainly from developing countries and from the two institutions mentioned.

The issues raised during the meeting are summarized systematically in Figure 2. The main concern of the meeting related to the sustainability of the wood resources, over-exploitation and depletion and suitable counter-balancing measures, such as afforestation, reforestation, and more efficient use of available resources. Trade patterns were also discussed. A global trade model for forestry industry products was presented.


An aptitude indicates the competency of an individual to learn and acquire new skills those necessary for the success of individual in particular field. Teaching aptitude indictes the acquired capacity in teaching profession of individual in the field of teaching after providing absolute training and different type of opportunities etc. In this study, investigator explored the teaching aptitude among B.Ed student teachers because they are the future teachers and most of times they become the role model for their pupils. A representative sample of 60 (32 boys and 28 girls) student teachers was taken and self prepared questionnaire (in google form) used to collect data in virtual way. It usually signifies the mainly three domains like cognitive, affective and psycho-motor domains in teaching. Investigator mainly instructed to tick the all questions within 20 minutes to complete the test. At last, after the collection or analysis of the data investigator found there is no significant difference in teaching aptitude among B.Ed student teachers gender basis.


In recent years, gamification has emerged as a new approach to increasing learner engagement. It covers a very wide range of games with very different purposes and with many fields of application. However, most of the gamification solutions proposed do not adopt the same modeling approach and little attention has been paid to mobile serious games (MSG) belonging to different pedagogical contexts. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have developed in this paper a generic model based on the Software Product Line (SPL) approach to manage the common and variable points of the MSG product set. We have also focused on the User eXperience (UX) concept to study the aspects that most affect the player's experience in the context of MSGs. These aspects have been modeled in the form of features in the SPL Feature Model. MSG designers can use the model proposed during the development process, both to manage variability and to create an effective and fun learning environment.


The regeneration success of Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) in southern Arizona may be partially due to rapid germination during sporadic periods of available soil moisture. There is limited information regarding germination rate of Lehmann lovegrass but it is known that total germination response for this species is highly variable. Some of this variability may result from differences in the degree of mechanical scarification during harvest, threshing, and storage. Scarified and nonscarified seed from 7 seed lots were germinated over the water potential range of 0 to -1.16 MPa. Results showed that mechanical scarification increased total germination and germination rate. Mechanical scarification reduced variability among seed lots for germination rate, but increased variability for total germination. The rapid germination hypothesis may be valid for Lehmann lovegrass as long as seed numbers are not limiting. Of the scarified seed that germinated above a water potential of -0.4 MPa, at least 10% did so between days 1 and 2 of the study.


China's hog sector is undergoing the shift from family farming system to commercialized intensive production. The empirical analysis indicates that middle-size hog farms (100<Q≤1000) have outperformed other hog farms in the pursuit of environmental conservation and economic efficiency; however, 45.5% of sampled hog farms are small farms with less than 100 head. To achieve the win-win situation of economic efficiency and environmental conservation, it is critical for the Chinese government to facilitate the evolution of structural changes of small hog farms via contracting production, specialization of the piglets, and establishment of association of hog farming.


The present invention provides a shock-absorbing device for shoes comprises a cross-linked foam having a body and at least one inner cavity formed in the body; and a housing containing the cross-linked foam. The shock-absorbing device of the present invention can easily be applied to soles of shoes having diverse sizes and shapes to effectively reduce an impact applied to a foot. Besides, the present invention can cut down a manufacturing cost greatly by simplifying a manufacturing process of the shock-absorbing device.


A model developed for studying the population dynamic consequences of female territoriality (as seen Clethrionomys populations) is analyzed. Specifficaly we investigate the plausibility of Bujalska's (1970) hypothesis for explaining the stability of the central European populations of C. glareolus, and the role of Wiger's (1982) hypothesis for explaining the cyclicyty of the more northern populations of C. glareolus.


Textual use-cases have been traditionally used at the design stage of development process for describing software functionality from the user's view. Their advantage is that they can be easily understood by stakeholders and domain experts. However, since use-cases typically rely on a natu- ral language, they cannot be directly subject to a formal verification. In this paper, we present Formal Verification of Annotated Use-Case Models (FOAM). This method features simple user-definable an- notations, which are inserted into a use-case to make its semantics more suitable for verification. Subse- quently a model-checking tool verifies temporal invariants associated with the annotations. This way, FOAM allows for harnessing the benefits of model-checking while still keeping the use-cases under- standable for non-experts.


Background: Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Soil transmitted helminthes infections are among the major public health problems especially in Sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. However, little is known about the distribution of these infections in area where there is risk factors for infection, especially schools at nearby rivers. Therefore objective of this study is to determine the prevalence, infection intensity and associated risk factors among two primary school children at nearby rivers of Jimma town. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among two primary school children aged from 6 to 19 years in Jimma town from March to April/15 2016. For diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) and soil transmitted helminthes (STHs), a single stool sample was obtained from each child and processed using single Kato Katz and examined using light microscope. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information of the school children participated in the study and variables used for risk factors assessments. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and variables with P-value < 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with S. mansoni and STHs infections. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthes infection with S. mansoni and STHs was 50.64 %( 118/233). The prevalence of S. mansoni among school children of the two primary schools was 26.6 %( 62/233) with the prevalence of 29.2% in males and 23.3% in females. The prevalence of T. trichuira, A. lumbricoides and hookworms among the school children in Jimma town was 22.3%, 20.2% and 3.4% respectively. Majority of the infection intensity for both S. mansoni and STHs were classified as low. Water contact habits has significantly associated with S. mansoni infection where as finger trimming status, frequency of handing washing habit before meal and after toilet were significantly associated with, A. lumbricoides and T. trichuira infections (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal helminthes infection with S. mansoni and STHs were 50.64 %; with the prevalence of S. mansoni, T. trichuira, A. lumbricoides and hookworms were 26.6%, 22.3%, 20.2% and 3.4% among the school children in the two schools. Majority of the infection intensity for both S. mansoni and STHs were classified as low. The school children were at moderate risk of infection with S. mansoni and STHs based on WHO 2012 prevalence classification in which once a year MDA is required for STHs and biannual MDA for S. mansoni. Health information regarding the transmission and prevention of S. mansoni and STHs should be given for school age children in the area. Bajiro et al. (2018) Email: Ann Clin Pathol 6(4): 1144 (2018) 2/8 Central Bringing Excellence in Open Access 


Disasters cause widespread harm and disrupt the normal functioning of society, and effective management requires the participation and cooperation of many actors. While advances in information and networking technology have made transmission of data easier than it ever has been before, communication and coordination of activities between actors remain exceptionally difficult. This paper employs semantic web technology and Linked Data principles to create a network of intercommunicating and inter-dependent on-line sites for managing resources. Each site publishes available resources openly and a lightweight opendata protocol is used to request and respond to requests for resources between sites in the network.


Abstract In this paper the cutting stock problem minimizing saw cycles is considered. In this context where objects can be cut simultaneously the trade-off between raw material and machine utilization costs is of major interest. Different processing times for each cutting pattern are considered, according to the number of items on it, different from previous works of the literature. The optimization aims to minimize both machine utilization costs due to the saw cycles and raw material usage costs. An integer mathematical formulation is proposed, and a solution method based on a column generation procedure is used. Computational tests were performed to assess the impact on costs for illustrative and real industry instances. A set of instances were also randomly generated to analyse the behaviour of the outcome of the problem in face of different technical parameters.


Abstract A simple radioimmune assay method was used to detect antibody to Australia antigen (HB Ab). This method detected specimens that contained antibody against ay or ad subtypes of Australia antigen (HB Ag) and seemed more sensitive than other laboratory methods. Examination of serum specimens from military recruits showed that 5 per cent had HB Ab, whereas HB Ab was found in the serum of 14 per cent of soldiers arriving in Korea and 25 per cent of soldiers leaving Korea after a year of overseas service. Quantification of the HB Ab in lots of gamma globulin that had been used in experimental studies to protect subjects from icteric serum hepatitis showed no correlation between the HB Ab titer and the efficacy of the lots of standard human serum gamma globulin.


The present invention is particularly off funnel mode, to a system and method for controlling at least one vehicle subsystem. From the driver user interface, to input for example the road surface material, moisture, and momentum, a plurality of characteristics of inclined like the possibly. Based on the input, the processing unit a proper configuration is determined.


To the issues of the isolation between the primary side and the second side of the electronic voltage transformer,a new photoelectric isolation circuit was designed to separate secondary circuit components from high voltage part effectively by using integrated operation amplifier and some other separate components.Simulation and experiments indicate that this circuit has good characteristics and is worth promoting.


The reactions of [MH3(L)L′][M = Ru, L =η-C5Me5, L′= P(C6H11)31; M = Nb, L = L′=η-C5H4SiMe32; M = Nb, L = L′=η-C5H3(SiMe3)2-1,3 3] with [Au(PPh3)]PF6 produce the trinuclear clusters [L(L′)M(µ-H)2{Au(PPh3)}2]PF6[L =η-C5Me5, L′= P(C6H11)3, M = Ru 4; L = L′=η-C5H4SiMe3, M = Nb 5; L = L′=η-C5H3(SiMe3)2, M = Nb 6]. Complex 1 also reacts with one or two equivalents of [Au{N(SiMe3)2}(PPh3)] to yield respectively the neutral derivatives [(η-C5Me5){(C6H11)3P}Ru(µ-H)2Au(PPh3)]7 and [(η-C5Me5){C6H11)3P}Ru(µ-H){Au(PPh3)}2]8. The same reaction with [NbH3(η-C5H4SiMe3)2] yields the novel hexanuclear raft cluster [Au3Nb3(µ-H)6(η-C5H4SiMe3)6]9. Spectroscopic (IR and NMR) data are provided for all the compounds. Crystals of 9 are triclinic, space group P, with a= 14.927(2), b= 15.083(2), c= 15.632(2)A, α= 103.81(1), β= 99.20(1), γ= 112.55(1)°, and Z= 2. The molecule consists of a central almost equilateral triangle of gold atoms, with each Au–Au bond bridged by a niobium atom which completes its co-ordination sphere with two η-C5H4SiMe3 groups. Additionally, each Au–Nb is bridged by one hydride ligand. The most interesting feature of this molecule is the planarity of the six metal atoms.


An approach for the quantification of fluorescent spots in time
series of 3-D confocal microscopy images which is based on the
HMAX transform was presented as an oral presentation.


Introduction One of the real financial obstacles for small farm owners who want to begin raising animals for their own consumption or to sell commercially, after the initial cost of land, is the capital cost associated with constructing shelters and other farm structures to support an animal enterprise. Whether it is a simple pole barn to provide shelter from the elements, or a utility shed to store feed and tools, farm structures can represent a sizeable financial draw on available capital in the animal enterprise.


Aims: Aim of this study was to compare hepatic gene expression during the development of experimental biliary atresia in two different mouse strains. Methods: Balb/c mice and C57Black/6 (Black/6) mice were infected with RRV postpartum, clinical signs of BA and survival were noted. Liver sections were assessed for CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression, and the hepatic virus load was determined. Second, mice of both strains were sacrificed three days after infection. Isolated hepatic RNA was subjected to gene expression analysis using Affymetrix Gene Chip MOE 430 2.0. Results: The incidence of BA was significantly lower in Black/6 mice compared to Balb/c mice (13.5% vs. 67%, p<0.05). The mean virus titers were higher in mice with BA compared to mice without BA. Different gene profiles three days after virus infection were noted, with differential expression of 201 genes, including those regulating apoptosis, nucleic acid binding, transport function and particularly the immune response (CCL2, toll-like receptor 3 (TLR 3), CD 14 antigen, CXCL 10 and CXCL 11). This correlated with a significant increase of CD4 positive cells only in Balb/c mice with BA compared to healthy mice (13.5 vs. 5.0; p<0.05). Black/6 mice did not exhibit any significant increase of CD3 or CD4 leukocytes despite cholestasis. Conclusions: The different susceptibility to experimental BA was associated with an increase of CD4 T-cells in the liver of Balb/c mice, which is linked to different gene profiles at the onset of bile duct obstruction.


Linux is not a real-time operation system,but its source code is open. So it has been the research focus in the field of the embedded system application that rebuilding Linux into a real-time operation system.This article has particularly introduced some broadly adopted method and their characteristic at the present-time that rebuild Linux into the embedded run-time Linux.And it has expounded some methods about testing operation system real-time character.Also it has expected the development of embedded Linux.At the end it pointed that twokernel method is better than other methods in rebuilding operation system run-time character for the most common developer basing on the embedded Linux system.


Background Tamoxifen is used to improve oncologic outcomes in a hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. High-dose tamoxifen induced ocular toxicities, and regular dose of tamoxifen is known to increase the risk of cataracts in landmark studies. The current study's objective is to review the incidence of cataracts in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients who received adjuvant tamoxifen treatment, which can exclude the effect of other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and target therapy. Method Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance claims database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea. Patients diagnosed with DCIS were sorted and retrospectively reviewed for the incidence of cataracts. The primary study outcome was the incidence of cataracts according to tamoxifen, and the incidence of cataracts was defined by concomitant diagnostic and behavioral code based on International Code of Disease, 10th revision. Results A total of 12,032 patients diagnosed with DCIS and received breast surgery from 2009 to 2015 were cut down to 4,759 patients, excluding those who already had cataracts, malignancies, or had developed cataracts within a year of breast cancer surgery. There were 3,037 patients who received tamoxifen and 1,722 patients who did not, median age of 49 years old. The incidence of cataracts was similar according to the use of tamoxifen, 7.6% and 7.7% respectively. The risk of developing cataracts did not increase with or without tamoxifen, even in the group who received adjuvant tamoxifen for more than two years (HR 0.978, 95% CI 0.782-1.222, p=0.843). The findings were consistent after propensity score matching (HR 1.072, 95% CI 0.829-1.388, p=0.595). Conclusions In a nationwide cohort study, the risk of cataracts in DCIS patients is similar whether the tamoxifen is used or not.
 Citation Format: Dooreh Kim, Woo-Chan Park, Soyoung Jeon, Hye Sun Lee, Chang Ik Yoon. Association between tamoxifen and the incidence of cataract in ductal carcinoma in situ patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-16.


A major element for determining if a vascular catheter is infected is the performance of a quantitative microbiologic assay to show the presence of a significant number of microorganisms. The first method used was the semiquantitative roll-plate method described by Dennis Maki from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Subsequently, there have been a number of methods described to perform quantitative assays of catheter tips or segments. A recent investigation compared a sonication method with the rollplate method, and both of these methods to a flush technique for cultures of triple-lumen central catheters. In a clinical trial, 248 triple-lumen catheters were removed from patients in an intensive-care unit, and their cultures of tips and subcutaneous segments were prepared by both the sonication and roll-plate methods; for 191 of these catheters, flush cultures of all three catheter lumens also were performed. Previously published quantitative endpoints were used to define significant catheter colonization. By using a composite index as a definition of colonization (any of the seven types of cultures meeting quantitative criteria), sonication of the subcutaneous segment was the most sensitive at detecting colonization (58%), followed by sonication of the catheter tip (53%). Sonication of both the subcutaneous and tip segments was 20% more sensitive than sonication of an adjacent catheter segment by the roll plate method. The greater sensitivity of the sonication method could be attributed to its greater ability than the roll-plate method to detect catheter lumen colonization (82% vs 57%, respectively). A greater number of positive catheter segment cultures were found for colonized catheters from patients with associated bacteremia than for colonized catheters from patients without bacteremia (57% vs 37%), making any culture method more likely to identify them. For catheters with significant colonization of only one site, the localization was 36.7%, subcutaneous segment; 36.7%, catheter lumen; and 26.6%, tip segment. The authors concluded that the current practice of obtaining a culture from a single segment of a central vascular catheter is inadequate and needs to be reexamined. In addition, they suggest that initial colonization of the catheter lumen and tip segments may be more important than previously thought and may require a change in strategies designed to prevent catheter infection. FROM: Sherertz RJ, Heard SO, Raad II. Diagnosis of triple-lumen catheter infection: comparison of roll plate, sonication, and flushing methodologies. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:641-646. Nosocomial Bacteremia in Spain


The article substantiates the need to apply systematic and dialectical approaches when considering the development of the labor relations system. The article provides an interpretation of the structure of the labor relations system by the phases of labor reproduction, considering the role of personal consumption in the production (formation) of labor. The authors attempt to extend their concept of the dialectic of the general and particular in the process of economic relations development to the system of labor relations and to present the structural and genetic connections of the reproduction of labor not only as carriers of continuity, heredity but also as the basis of development. The paper presents the objective development of labor relations as a change in the qualitative state of techno-labor, organizational-labor, and social-labor relations in the process of combining and functioning of production factors, which is reflected in the specifics of ownership relations for the means of production and labor. The study shows that the specifics of the labor relations system in the development process are also determined by nationalspecific and socio-cultural factors. The proposed methodology for studying the development of the system of labor relations in the unity of the systematic, and dialectical approaches may be useful for building a logical structure of the course in labor economics, including the study of labor relations at all stages of labor reproduction.


In view of the deficiencies in the path selection research on current traffic network,This paper proposed a shortest path algorithm under congestion traffic network based on ant colony algorithm,built a traffic network model based on Petri nets,and used ant colony optimization to find the shortest path for the static traffic network.Then weather and road capacity were added to the model,which makes it become a dynamic traffic network. AHP combined with Petri network was used to find the shortest path based on the traffic topology map and make a comparative analysis. The results show that when road congestion occurs,the path algorithm for dynamic traffic network can be more convenient for travelers to find the route.


by YIQIANG ZHAO Two topics of self-organizing polymeric systems are explored in this work: thermodynamic and dynamic properties of liquid crystal polymers in solutions and rheological behaviors of self-organizing gels. For dilute nematic solutions of end-on side-chain liquid crystal polysiloxanes (SCLCP) dissolved in 5CB, the chain anisotropies Rll/R⊥, obtained from electrorheological(ER) analysis based on the Brochard model, are consistent with independent measurements of Rg||/Rg⊥via small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), which unambiguously demonstrating a slightly prolate SCLCP chain conformation. Dissolution of this prolate SCLCP in flow-aligning 5CB produces a tumbling flow, clearly indicating a discrepancy with the Brochard hydrodynamic theory which predicts such a transition only for oblate conformation. A numerical comparison using a modified version of the Brochard model leads to improved self-consistent agreement between SANS, ER and shear transient experiments. The molecular weight dependence of the chain conformational relaxation time τr indicates an extended SCLCP chain conformation in


An apparatus and method for the adiabatic flashing of liquids and more particular, to flashing in a series of sequential stages to obtain vapor at successively lower pressure for each succeeding stage. A common application of such flashers is in the multistage flash process for desalination of sea water and brackish water.


The article analyzes the most important changes in the dynamics and geographical structure of international merchandise trade during 2010–2017. After the global financial and economic crisis, the world exchange system noted the emergence and growth of negative trends, which caused a decline in its value volumes. However, 2017 demonstrated a new trend, formed on the base of positive price dynamics in world commodity markets. After a three-year period of stagnation, and then a significant drop in the value of international commodity exchange, in 2017, its basic parameters showed up. At the same time, the Russian Federation was among the beneficiaries, despite the introduction and subsequent expansion of economic sanctions against it by western countries. The article uses current official statistical and computational data, introduced for the first time into domestic scientific circulation. This study was conducted on the base of the application of methods of comparative analysis.


Staff exchanges, such as the one described in this report, are intended to facilitate communication and collaboration among scientists and engineers at Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories, in U.S. industry, and academia. Funding support for these exchanges is provided by the DOE, Office of Energy Research, Laboratory Technology Transfer Program. Funding levels for each exchange typically range from $20,000 to $40,000. The exchanges offer the opportunity for the laboratories to transfer technology and expertise to industry, gain a perspective on industry`s problems, and develop the basis for further cooperative efforts through Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAS) or other mechanisms.


Vol. XIII, No. 16 | [Articles:]"Grand Reunion Hits 'Grand Slam' for Generations of Alumni -
Blue Skies, High Spirits Mark University's 50th Anniversary Celebration";"Rx for Swine Flu: Common Sense, Careful Hygiene"; "Flashbacks—CSUN's Golden Fifty
The Past and Present of Cal State Northridge - CSUN's Legacy of
Botanic Beauty"; "In Brief - Honor In Absentia for
Student Esha Momeni";


The Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province is one of the major regions of wheat production in China. Farmers believe that the more nitrogen is applied,the higher yield is obtained. In fact,the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer does not increase the yield of wheat synchronously,but cause a series of environmental issues. A simple but effective technique for crop nitrogen estimation can lower the production cost and improve the ecological environment. The critical nitrogen concentration can be used to diagnose the crop nitrogen status. Previous researchers mainly developed the critical nitrogen dilution curve based on the aboveground dry matter,whilst the leaf dry matter was used to establish the curve in this study. The field experiments were conducted between 2013 and 2015 to construct and validate the critical nitrogen dilution curve based on leaf dry matter in the vegetative stage in winter wheat. In this study,we selected six winter wheat varieties and set four nitrogen levels N0( 0),N1( 105 kg /hm2),N2( 210 kg /hm2) and N3( 315 kg /hm2). Results showed that there were negative power relationships between the critical nitrogen concentration and the maximum leaf dry matter. The nitrogen nutrition indexderived from the critical nitrogen dilution curve could be used to evaluate the nitrogen nutrition status of winter wheat. The nitrogen nutrition index increased with the nitrogen rate,with the values between 0. 57 and 1. 21. The relation between nitrogen nutrition index and relative yield indicate that 105 ~ 210 kg / hm2 was the optimal nitrogen rate for winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain. The critical nitrogen dilution curves based on leaf dry matter were successfully used to assess of the nitrogen nutrition status of winter,which can be used for guiding scientific application and diagnose of nitrogen in Guanzhong Plain.


Abstract Novel clivia biochar adsorbing daptomycin (DAP) was prepared by microwave digestion–anaerobic carbonization in this work. Fe/Ag submicron particles were introduced to the biochar surface based on the reducibility of biochar to enhance its adsorption capacity. Characterization confirmed that modified biochar (AF-biochar) had a higher particle size (126 μm), larger specific surface area (521.692 m2 g−1), richer pore structure, and higher thermal stability. The effects of the main variables (e.g., the solution pH, contact time, initial DAP concentration, and temperature) were investigated during adsorption. The results showed that AF-biochar could reach the adsorption equilibrium at pH 4.8 for 85 min. Besides, the adsorption capacity was 48.25 mg g−1, and the adsorption efficiency was 96.50% when the concentration of DAP was 25 mg L−1. The pseudo-second-order kinetics (R 2 = 0.9997), Langmuir equation (R 2 = 0.9999), and thermodynamics (R 2 = 0.9631) of AF-biochar fit well, indicating that the main adsorption process of AF-biochar was spontaneous, exothermic, and monolayer. Their adsorption was analyzed by physical and chemical adsorption. The main adsorption mechanisms included the electron donor–acceptor interaction, electrostatic force interaction, Lewis acid–base interaction, and H-bond interaction. Graphical abstract


What is a proof? One answer, common especially to some logicians, is that a proof is a finite configuration of signs in an inductively defined class of sign-configurations of an elementary formal system. This is the formalist's conception of proof, the conception on which one can encode proofs in the natural numbers. Then for any elementary formal system in which one can do the amount of arithmetic needed to arithmetize proof, and metamathematics generally, one can prove Godel's incompleteness theorems. Godel's theorems are often described as showing that proof in mathematics, in the formalist's sense, is not the same as truth, or that syntax is not the same as semantics. On this view "proof" is always relative to a given formal system. One might ask whether there is some common feature that these different purely formal 'proofs' share, a feature by virtue of which we are prepared to call them 'proofs'. The formalist's conception of proof is quite alien to many working mathematicians. The working mathematician's conception of proof is not nearly so precise and well delineated. In fact, just what a proof is on the latter conception is not so clear, except that it is not or is not only, what a strict formalist says it is. In mathematical practice proofs may involve many informal components, a kind of rigor that is independent of complete formalization, and some kind of "meaning" or semantic content.


AimThe extracellular matrix glycoprotein reelin plays a crucial role in the control of neuronal migration and during development is expressed by Cajal-Retzius cells in the marginal zone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of reelin in the pathogenesis of human nodular heterotopia, a malformation of cortical development frequently associated with focal drug-resistant epilepsy.MethodsFive patients presenting with subcortical nodular heterotopia and referred for epilepsy surgery, after a comprehensive presurgical investigation, were considered. The surgical specimens were studied by combining immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, and in situ hybridisation procedures.ResultsThe selected cases were characterised by the presence of multiple nodules presenting in the core cell-free zones, reminiscent of the cortical molecular layer. In all cases, small reelin-positive cells, without typical Cajal-Retzius cell features, were distributed inside the nodules and localised in these cell body-sparse regions.ConclusionThe presented data corroborate the hypothesis that reelin might be involved in human heterotopic nodular formation.


A statistical analyses of comparisons between POAM III version 4.0 retrievals and measurements from HALOE (version 19) and SAGE II (version 6.2) and ozonesondes have been performed. In addition, when available, limited numbers of comparisons with aircraft-based instruments have been performed. For statistical analyses with correlative satellite data, coincidence criteria were 500 km and 2 hours unless too few coincidences were found, in which case the time criterion was relaxed to 12 hours. Comparisons for NO2, however, included only measurements that occurred within 2 hours to avoid artifacts due to diurnal variations. Coincident measurements for satellite statistical analyses were also required to occur within 3 degrees in equivalent latitude.


Worldwide declines in honey bees and other native and managed pollinators have led to an increased global dialogue about the different aspects concerning the potential factors that may be causing these declines. One important factor under consideration is the use of pesticides and the understanding of how plant protection products are affecting the non-target insect group of pollinators Apoidea (Fischer, 2011). By now there have been recent developments in toxicity testing of plant protection products on honeybees and their brood and there are several test guidelines available for studying the potential impacts of pesticides on the honeybee Apis mellifera (e.g. OECD 213, 214, 237, 75 or EPPO 170). In contrast to these guidelines there are no validated test procedures developed for native (nonApis) bees like solitary bee species, stingless species or other social non-Apis bees. These groups of bees are as important for pollinating as honeybees. Furthermore, the biology and ecology of nonApis bees differs from honeybees in several ways, including the body size, foraging behavior or in particular the nesting behavior. Therefore, a method development for a semi-field study was planned and conducted. As test species the solitary (over Europe and North Africa widespread) bee species Osmia bicornis, the red mason bee, was used. Semi-field tests are especially important because they are designed to monitor sub-lethal effects on nesting behavior, reproduction performance or foraging behavior caused by pesticides. Furthermore, semi-field scenarios (higher tier) may provide a more realistic exposure scenario under controlled and defined conditions (crop, tunnel size and exposure duration). Therefore, the results from a semi-field test potentially provide data for a more realistic, worst-case prediction of exposure of limited duration under semi-field conditions. The method development of the semi-field study took place in four 'micro' tents of 4.60 m. White mustard Sinapis alba and the scorpionweed Phacelia tanacetifolia was used as forage crop to provide pollen and nectar for the bees. The results of this method development have been presented in a poster.


The quality of service in a network interworking system and a network interworking system (Quality of Service, QoS) negotiation method is disclosed. WLAN 3GPP- WLAN interworking system which the user apparatus is connected is connected to the WLAN access network, the 3GPP packet-switched service network including a terminating device, the WLAN access network and the 3GPP packet-switched service network including a wireless LAN access point 3GPP core network, and a packet data gateway for relaying a 3GPP core network and the 3GPP packet-switched service network. WLAN user device negotiates with the receiving quality of service that can be provided to deal with the wireless LAN access three point generates a WLAN bearer and provided according to the type of user data, a packet data gateway, the quality of service that can be in accordance with the radio environment It generates a WLAN 3GPP IP connection bearer, to negotiate which can be provided in accordance with the data processing power of the terminal apparatus and the quality of service termination unit generates the end-to-end bearer. The packet data gateway negotiates with the 3GPP packet-switched service network services available quality and the termination device and generates an external bearer. QoS, quality of service, INTERWORKING, 3GPP, UMTS, WLAN


This research focuses on identifying the main policy strategies that could potentially contribute to the advance of three Latin American economies, namely Brazil, Chile and Mexico towards a green growth model that is social and inclusive, given the actual patterns of development of those economies. With this aim, we first identify and describe past and current policies in each country in terms of economic, social and environmental indicators. A detailed analysis follows for Brazil, Chile and Mexico, in which we propose a series of green growth indicators and choose a definition and classification of green growth sectors. We estimate an empirical model to explain the determinants of green house gas emissions and deforestation in Latin American countries. We broadly identify the sectors that contribute to its increase and describe the main green policies applied in each country. In turn we identify the sectors with higher potential for the future. Finally, we present policy recommendations and reflections for the future. 1 A brief version of this paper was published in the book "Los desafios del crecimiento sustentable com inclusión em América Latina", Ed. Teseo,Argentina 2 Nicole Grunewald is a research economist at Global Footprint Network. She received her PhD from the University of Göttingen and her main field of research is environmental economics 3 Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso is invited Professor of Economics at Göttingen University and Professor at University Jaume I of Castellón. She received her PhD in Economics from the University of Birminghan (UK).


In this study, the comparative photocatalytic activities of undoped and N-doped TiO2 anatase nanocrystals towards the degradation of Reactive Yellow 125 (RY125) azo reactive dye in aqueous solutions under UV and VIS irradiation ranges were investigated. Both nanocrystals prepared by a fast-hydrothermal method using titanium isopropoxide as precursor were characterized morpho-structurally by X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDX analysis and BET measurements. Also, optical features of the nanocrystals were studied by diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy (DRUV-VIS) technique. N-doped TiO2 catalyst exhibited better adsorption capacity for RY 125 azo dye, adsorption stage being a necessary condition in photocatalysis process. Both catalysts exhibited very good efficiencies for RY 125 azo dye degradation under UV irradiation. Under VIS irradiation range, Ndoped TiO2 catalyst allowed reaching good efficiency for RY125 dye degradation, in comparison with undoped TiO2, for which the results were not satisfactory.


This is more than a historical analysis of nineteenth century missions to China. Professor Covell probes the writings of some of the key missionary figures who involved themselves with two historical phenomena — the Taiping Rebellion and the negotiation of tolerance clauses in the unequal treaties — and shows how they struggled, or failed to struggle, with underlying questions of ethics, philosophy of history and church/state relations. In pointing up the trends to casuistry that surfaced during this period, the author raises a warning about similar trends in our own day.


Present paper is a cross-sectional study conducted to identify the visual problems in the students of an urban basic secondary school from the Habana Vieja municipality during the 2002-2003 courses. All study students (1 129 corresponding to the total of students) underwent the visual acuity measurement using the Snellen's chart graduated of different letters and analysis of learning level. In screening performed in this school, the 37.0% of students showed visual alterations being referred to Ophthalmology specialists due to visual deficits. They were diagnosed with specific affections among the more frequent is the combination of hypermetropia and astigmatism in the 12.8%, followed by myopia and astigmatism in the 5.3% and in third place there was present the hypermetropia with a 4.6%. From the 376 adolescents presenting with learning problems, the 45% has ophthalmological disorders. Results are showed in statistic tables and graphs. The high percentage of students with visual acuity deficit and the association among the visual problems and the low educational performance, suggest that it is essential to perform systematically ophthalmologic studies in students of different levels of the educational system to detect and to solve in time the problems that could interfere in its subsequent learning.


Reactions of acyclic ketones and o-phenylenediamines under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions have been developed for the preparation of dihydrobenzimidazoles. This method can also be used for the synthesis of other heterocyclic compounds such as dihydrobenzothiazoles and perimidines.


Let F be a separably closed field of characteristic different from 2 and 3. We consider 3-dimensional subspaces V of trace zero cube-central order 3 matrices with coefficients in F . Each such vector space gives rise to a ternary cubic form, mapping an element of V to its cube. We use geometric properties of cubic curves to determine V up to conjugacy in the case where the cubic form is nonsingular.


Agricultural law enforcement is the main protection means to develop agriculture,build a new countryside and solve the problem of countryside,farmer and agriculture.The status of agricultural law enforcement in ethnic minority areas in Gansu is behind.In order to implement comprehensive agricultural law enforcement,the agricultural law enforcement system should be improved as soon as possible.Starting with institution setting,fund management,staff configuration,system construction and monitoring system,we can build up a professional full-time agricultural administrative law enforcement team with excellent quality,a fine style of work,in an honest and fair.


Taking Danxiashan landscape resort as the example,the paper analyzes the features for the typical case and appeals,and searches for the better channels for the planning of the resorts of reddish landform in Danxia protection and application from the organization of the tourist unit,the development and application of resources,the system of service facilities,and the social adjustment of residents,so as to realize the harmonious unification of the protection and utility.


Banana and plantain are among the most important commodities, both as staple food and as export crop, for many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) tropical race 4 (TR4), which is attacking banana in Asia, represents a threat to the export banana industry which in Latin America is based almost 100% on the Cavendish subgroup that is susceptible to Foc TR4. Production for national markets, based on apple banana, plantain and Gros Michel, is also under threat. Bioversity International has formed a strategic alliance with the Research and Development Network for Plantain and Banana for Latin America and the Caribbean (MUSALAC), the Regional Organization for Agriculture and Livestock Sanitation (OIRSA), the University of Florida and the Cuban Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV) to launch an awareness campaign in order to prevent entrance of Foc TR4 into the Americas. The threat of Foc TR4 was first raised in the VII Steering Committee meeting of MUSALAC held in Panama in October 2007. The 12 country representatives prepared a resolution emphasising the importance of quarantine measures. The resolution of this workshop has been distributed to all 13 MUSALAC member countries. In addition, OIRSA sent an official communication to the agriculture ministries of nine countries in Central America in order to strengthen the quarantine measures of plant protection departments to prevent entrance of this pathogen. In addition to the resolution and actions by OIRSA, Bioversity International and OIRSA are co-organising a training workshop and expert consultation with country quarantine officers and international Fusarium specialists. The workshop will provide technical training to country representatives and input to prepare quarantine guidelines oriented to all stakeholders of the banana production chain and other related sectors such as ornamental plants. IMPORTANCE OF THE BANANA INDUSTRY FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Banana is one of the most important commodities, not only for foreign exchange generation for producing countries, but also as food security for rural and urban populations of several countries in the region. In addition, with its year-round production, banana is one of the few commodities that provide a permanent source of employment for rural populations. For example, Ecuador has more than 225,000 ha cultivated with banana, creating more than 500,000 jobs that depend directly or indirectly on this industry and generating 1350 million dollars per year (V.H. Quimí, pers. commun.). In the case of Costa Rica, the second largest exporter in the region, more than 43,000 ha of banana cultivation create more than 100,000 jobs generating 659 million dollars per year (Pocasangre and Perez Vicente, 2009; Sandoval and Segura, 2009) . Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) has Proc. Int'l ISHS-ProMusa Symp. on Global Perspectives


Saliva is a readily accessible biofluid that contains numerous genetic biomarkers to predict and diagnose several diseases. Salivary DNA is a robust marker for diagnostics and the quality of DNA yield obtained from saliva is comparable with blood and urine and can be used for genetic and molecular analysis. DNA and RNA from saliva could be used as genetic biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma and other diseases. Nowadays, noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), circular RNA (circRNA), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) found in saliva are considered as potential disease markers. The small size and stability of these molecules in various body fluids including saliva makes them advantageous in molecular diagnostics. Furthermore, salivary 8-OHdG can be used as a biomarker of DNA damage to assess disease progression, for example, from oral premalignant disorder to oral cancer. Salivary diagnostics is an emerging field along with the application of genomics aid in the early detection of different diseases. These genomic alphabets of saliva may serve as a timely, cost-effective, non-invasive diagnostic medium. This review aims to discuss the genetic biomarkers of saliva in various diseases.


Goats are one of the oldest domesticated animal species widely distributed in the world playing an important role in the food production system in Sub-Saharan African Region (SSAR). Due to their multiple uses (milk production, meat, fiber and hides) and adaptation aptitudes to ecological conditions, goats produce and contribute positively to farmers' socio-economy status in various production systems. This review aimed at giving a summary overview on the goat's production systems characteristics, the genetic diversity and the candidate genes affecting reproductive and milk production performances in goat breeds in SSAR. It has been observed that traditional livestock production system with communal grazing system is the most used in goat keeping in SSAR. The geographical locations play an important role in the relationships between goat's distributions in the region. At the same time, goats might have been differentiated and isolated one to others due to the wide geographic range, the diversify climate and the topography in the region. Among the six worldwide known haplogroups of goat (A, B, C, D, G and F), haplogroup A is the most representative in SSAR. However, haplogroup G and B can be found in some goat populations in some countries in east (Kenya and Ethiopia) and south parts of Africa. This review reveals that little is known on the candidate genes associated with prolificacy and milk production traits in indigenous goat breeds in the region. That observation suggests the importance of assessing candidate genes associated with economic traits in the populations of goat in SSAR.


To test the asymmetric volatility effect,we introduced the asymmetric stochastic volatility model based on the traditional stochastic volatility model.Using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate the parameter,the authors apply the asymmetric stochastic volatility to analyze the Shenzhen and Shanghai stock market,the result indicated that asymmetric stochastic volatility can explore the asymmetric volatility,compare with GJR-GARCH,asymmetric stochastic volatility had better forecasting power.


My ardent wish is that my fellow citizens may profit by my misfortunes. If they peruse these pages with attention they will perceive the necessity of uniting our federal strength to enforce a due respect among other nations. Let us, one and all, endeavor to sustain the general government. . . . Our first object is union among ourselves. For to no nation besides the United States can that antient saying be more emphatically applied: BY UNITING WE STAND, BY DIVIDING WE FALL. —Royall Tyler, The Algerine Captive (1797)


The present invention relates to an optical film, an optical film and a method of manufacturing anti-reflection film. Object of the present invention is to obtain an optical coating film, which can be maintained for a long time anti-reflection properties at humidity environment. An optical coating film, which is constituted by an optical coating film formed on a substrate, wherein the coating film has at least in voids (X), a gap (X) of the long diameter (L) and its positive post maximum short diameter (D) of the average value (void size = (L + D) / 2) of 20nm or more, the gap (X) of the long diameter (L) to short diameter (D) satisfying 1 <L / D, at the interface of the optical coating film and the base material, the gap (X) is not in contact with the substrate.


The interaction of MGN-3/Biobran In vivo in activating immune response is quite complicated and different between the rats and human. We analyze the major routes of this interaction kinetically and a cytokine mediated model (CMM) is developed to evaluate such a crucial discrepancy between the two biological systems. Rats responded with a kinetic order 1/3, while that of human was 1/24 regarding both MGN-/Biobran and INF-, compared to the predicted value 1/2. As well known, a higher reaction order implicates the more complicate reaction among the reactants. Alternatively, the Monod model gave values of Ks 1.43 and 2.44 mg/kg, and those of Vmax 32.36 and 227.27%/day respectively for rats and human. Apparently, the immunological response of rats was more complicate than human in view of MGN-3/Biobran therapy. We conclude that the discrepancy in the immune-response between rat and human can reach 3000 folds due to the inter-species variation. We suggest that such differences should be taken into account when using mice or rats as preclinical models of human disease.


In the surgical treatment of destructive pathologies of the cranium (intrinsic or contiguous), the demolition phase must be followed by a reconstructive procedure, preferably in the same surgical sitting. In this context, the task of the neurosurgeon has been greatly facilitated by the advent of custom-made cranial implants, which confer the following advantages: immediate restoration of the functional integrity of the cranium; excellent aesthetic outcome; rapid, safe and simple surgical procedure. Furthermore, when these implants are employed, the patient need only undergo one operation, rather than two. This is especially desirable, as the patient will not be exposed to the symptoms of "syndrome of the trephined" in the interim, neither will they face the psychological implications of having to endure an obviously deformed skull for several months (at least). Furthermore, customized cranioplasty implants are designed to fit, obviating the need for the surgeon to shape them during the procedure with curvature and thickness imperfections, and therefore considerably accelerating the process. Custom-made cranial prostheses can be made out of various materials, but acrylic resin (PMMA) and Porous HydroxyApatite (PHA) of varying degrees of porosity are most often used. While PMMA implants have the advantages of being less costly to produce and conferring a useful degree of primary mechanical resistance, PHA implants are biomimetic (biointeracting, biointegrating and biostimulating). Thanks to its osteoconductive properties, the use of hydroxyapatite has allowed us to achieve an optimal integration between the prosthesis and bone. The manufacture of custom-made cranial implants in porous PHA is an all-Italian technology that has been exported to the rest of the world. The use of this approach has consented excellent functional and aesthetic results to be achieved, even in the surgical demolition/reconstruction of large complex defects resulting from various destructive pathologies. In addition to the intrinsic difficulties in removing a tumour, surgery is further complicated by the need to create a hole in the skull that precisely conforms to the borders of the custom-made cranial implant, for this reason extensive use of the neuronavigator is advised. When faced with a demolition/reconstruction of the skull, the neuronavigator-assisted surgical procedure will entail the following series of steps: 1) the study of the three-dimensional resin model of the patient's skull, created from cranial CT data, to determine the precise area of bone to be demolished; 2) neuronavigational simulation of the surgical procedure, implementing both cranial CT and head MRI data; 3) validation of the cranial implant prototype that will be used to fill the cranial hole created during surgery. To aid the fitting of custom-made cranioplasty implants, the surgeon can take several measures to improve the chances of a long-term aesthetic and functional outcome. Among these is the use of "jigsaw" (introflexions and extroflexions at the bone/implant interface) and "slanted S" (undulating profiles at the juxtaposition between two prostheses) techniques during Original article


This study theoretically examined the effect of aggregate structure on the suspension yield stress. The aggregation process of colloidal particles was simulated using the discrete element model (DEM) combined with the well-known DLVO theory. The predicted aggregate structural characteristics, namely the coordination number, and inter-particle forces were then used in a modified version of the Flatt and Brown mechanistic model [J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89 (2006) 1244-1256] to calculate the corresponding suspension yield stress. The effect of key parameters such as solid volume fraction, suspension pH and ionic strength on the aggregate structure and hence the yield stress of the suspension was investigated. The results showed that the yield stress increased significantly under conditions that were favourable for formation of complex net-like aggregate structures, such as high solid volume fractions, pH values near the iso-electric point, and high ionic strengths. The suspension yield stress exhibited a power law dependency on the solid volume fraction. The interconnected network structure developed at high solid volume fractions was found to be the major contributing factor to the observed high suspension yield stress. A decrease in the number of bonds and the mechanical bonding strength of the aggregate structure was found to be responsible for the smaller suspension yield stress as the particle-particle repulsion becomes significant. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between simulation results and the published experimental data.


The various resolutions of Council on the subject of the dispute at Llanelly were reported to the committee, together with a recommendation from the small committee to which the matter has been delegated asking that financial support might be afforded from the Central Emergency Fund of the Association in respect of the consultative and medical services scheme launched by the profession in that area. The Medico-Political Committee agreed as to the amount of the grantuand the provisional period over which the assistance was to be extended, also as to the conditions, which were that the grant should be equivalent, up to a certain maximum, to the amount contributed locally towards the service, and that it should be subject to a periodical report and balance sheet. This assistance has only in view the maintenance of an adequate consultative service, which, in the Council's judgement, is of great importance.


Background
Multiple studies have been conducted investigating the use of sterile vs non-sterile gloves. The aim of this Clin-IQ is to determine whether there is a clinically significant difference in the rate of infections in relation to the use of sterile vs non-sterile gloves for joint injections.

Conclusions
Multiple studies have shown no appreciable difference in outcomes using sterile vs clean gloves for a variety of clinical applications including joint injections.


Objectives. To study the role of the ADRB2 gene polymorphism (rs1042713) in the impaired external respiratory function in children with bronchial asthma (BA). Material and methods. The study group included 60 children aged 3-17 years with allergic (n=37) and mixed form of BA (n=23). The genotyping of the investigated gene locus was performed by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism), BA control was exercised using the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Results. The analysis of allele frequencies showed an association of allele A with normal spirogram parameters in patients with BA (p=0.042). In children under 12 years, there were statistically significant differences in spirogram indices when comparing patients with genotypes AA and GG (p=0.045). An association of allele A with the absence of pathological changes was revealed when evaluating the results of spirometry (p=0.021). There was a moderate positive correlation (r=0.615, p=0.011) between the assessment of nocturnal symptoms (Asthma Control Test) and the genotype of the ADRB2 gene polymorphism in children aged 12 years and older. Conclusions. An association of the ADRΒ2 gene polymorphism (rs1042713) with the external respiratory function was revealed in an objective study by spirometry and a subjective assessment of this indicator by the patient himself/herself or by his/her parents. This gene locus can be included in the BA target panel in order to determine the likelihood of uncontrolled course development of the disease with impaired external respiratory function and in the future to develop an individual program for dispensary observation of the patient.


Partial sleep deprivation is associated with increased insulin resistance (IR), a metabolic disease risk marker. Little is known about habitual sleep patterns and IR in the absence of acute sleep restriction. We anticipated greater change in habitual sleep over one month would be associated with increased IR.

 24 males (age=33.6±6.4 years; BMI=25.7±2.5kg/m2) completed baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2; ≥4 weeks post-T1) study procedures: actigraphy (one week) followed by polysomnography (PSG; one 10h sleep opportunity) and a next morning oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], β-cell function [HOMA-β], and Matsuda Index). Weekly average actigraphy total sleep time (aTST; 291-511min) and sleep efficiency (aSE; 72–93%) were computed at T1 and T2, as well as across the 1, 2, and 3 days prior to PSG/OGTT. Pearson and Spearman correlations assessed the change (T1-T2) in actigraphy (aSEΔ, aTSTΔ, PSGΔ) or PSG sleep (PSG-TSTΔ, PSG-SEΔ, sleep stages) versus change in metabolic risk (HOMA-IRΔ, HOMA-βΔ, MatsudaΔ).

 There were significant correlations between HOMA-IRΔ and aSEΔ [r(22)=-0.42, p=0.01; rs=-0.45, p=0.03], PSG TSTΔ [r(22)=0.50, p=0.012; rs=0.41, p=.045], and PSG-SEΔ [r(22)=0.49, p=0.015; rs=0.43, p=.037]. No significant associations emerged between change in metabolic risk versus aTSTΔ one week prior to PSG/OGTT, aSEΔ or aTSTΔ across 1–3 days prior to PSG/OGTT, or PSG sleep stages.

 Within-subject T1-T2 decrease in habitual sleep quality, but not TST, was associated with increased IR. T1-T2 PSG TST and SE were associated with following day IR. At home sleep 1–3 days beforehand were not correlated with IR. Although preceding night sleep quality and TST are associated with IR, habitual sleep quality, rather than TST, may be a more important determinant of metabolic risk in community dwelling middle-aged men.

 This work was supported by NIH/NHLBI R01HL124211, NIH/NHLBI K24HL138632, NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UCLA CTSI Grant UL1TR001881 (PI: Liu); and NIH/NHLBI K24HL143055 (PI: Martin). Dr. Kelly is supported by the VA Office of Academic Affiliations through the Advanced Fellowship Programs in Geriatrics.


Abstract A mild, efficient and highly regioselective addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) to α,β-unsaturated diesters has been achieved by using MgI2 etherate as catalyst under solvent-free conditions. This protocol provides the corresponding β-cyano esters in high yields. Graphical Abstract


The pace at which mining will occur in Northern regions and Arctic lands will depend on the answers to a number of questions. Who are the local aboriginal participants? What land uses are they pursuing? What are their objectives? What is their understanding of the process of mining development? This paper will focus on the last question, communicating the process of mineral development to local aboriginal communities.


THE INVENTION RESPECT OF COMMERCIAL SOLUTIONS PERACIDS CARBOXYLIC STABLE IN TIME AND NOT CORROSIVE. THESE SOLUTIONS PERACIDS CARBOXYLIC ACID IN PARTICULAR PERACETIC, CONTAIN ACID OXIDATIVE CHARACTER AS THE NITRIC ACID PRESENT IN PERCENTAGE WEIGHT AT LEAST EQUAL TO THAT OF CARBOXYLIC pERACID. APPLICATIONS SUCH SOLUTIONS diluted with water REGULAR, A sTERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL aSEPTIC PREGNANT AND EQUIPMENT OF FOOD INDUSTRY, ESPECIALLY THE DAIRY INDUSTRY.


We investigate a spectrum of positive self-adjoint operator $\Gk$ (Laplace operator) acting in the external complexes of some interesting subalgebras $\Lk$ of Lie algebra $A_1^{(1)}$. We obtain an explicit formula for the action of $\G_k$. This formula is used to compute the homology of $\Lk$ with trivial coefficients for $k=-1,0,1,2$. In these cases we show that a spectrum of $\G_k$ is the set of non-negative integers with a finite multiplicity of each eigenvalue for $k=-1,0$, infinite one for $k=1,2$. We also found the generating functions for the multiplicities of $\G_k$-eigenvalues (in appropriate sense for $\G_1$ and $\G_2$).


Ad hoc networks are distributed, self-organized wireless networks. By their nature, it is easy for a malicious user to enter this kind of networks with the intention of disturbing the way they are behaving by not participating to the network. This kind of behavior is a form of selfishness where nodes want to save their energy by not routing packets. Many solutions based on virtual currency mechanisms or on reputation mechanisms have been shown to increase the networks reliability for this kind of problems. We advocate in this paper that this issue can be treated with local algorithms that have minor drawbacks compared to sophisticated solutions developed in other works. We conduct an evaluation of our solution, which shows satisfying enough results to be used in civilian spontaneous networks


physiological solution daily for 7 days. Rats of groups VI and VII were intragastrically administered with ethylthio sulfanylate oily solution at a rate of 100 mg/kg of body weight daily for 14 days, than animals were intraperitoneally injected K 2 Cr 2 O 7 in a dose of 2,5 mg Cr(VI)/kg body weight daily for 7 (group VI) and 14 days (group VII). After the decapitation of the animals during thiopental anaesthesia, a blood samples were taken. It has been found that the introduction of bichromate of potassium in the blood of rats in groups III and IV shows an increase in the content of oxidative stress. Preliminary intragastric administration of ethylthiosulfanylate partially reduced the level of growth of hydroperoxides of lipids and thiobarbituric acid TBAactive products caused by the action of Cr(VI) in groups VI and VII and did not affect the level of carbonyl groups of proteins products, in particular lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid (TBAactive products and carbonyl groups of proteins. The work of the glutathione link of an tioxidant protection under the influence of Cr(VI) was partially activated in group III, but suppressed in group IV. Ethylthiosulfanylate separately (group V) and in combination with Cr(VI) (groups VІ and VІІ) caused activation of glutathione reductase and increased GSN concentration in erythrocytes of rats compared with group ІІ. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of rat erythrocytes were increased by the action of Cr(VI) in groups III and IV in comparison with group I. However, with the effect of ethylthiosulfanylate in Cr(VI) complex, superoxide dismutase activity was increased in VII and catalase activity in VI and VII groups decreased, compared to group II.