ABSTRACT This article examines the sociopolitical environment and how it enters the treatment room, impacting both analyst and patient. The focus is on clinical work with a patient who wears a binder and has considered top surgery but fears her wish for top surgery is connected to her history of sexual abuse. After delinking the abuse and the wish for surgery from each other, memories of abuse are freed and flood the patient, making it difficult for her to think or speak in session. While working intensely with this patient, the violent White supremacist Unite the Right rally took place in Charlottesville, Virginia. The president's description of "fine people on both sides" had a destabilizing effect on the analyst, evoking her family's Holocaust history. The analyst uses these experiences to connect with her patient and to reach for a sense of possibility in order to "dream ourselves forward."


Abstract Alternatives to conventional methods of providing urban water services, such as making use of stormwater and wastewater resources within urban areas, are receiving increasing attention throughout the world. Such alternatives can offer multiple benefits by stabilising or decreasing the demand on water imported into the area and/or reducing stormwater and wastewater discharge. The performance of a given system is location dependent due to a number of factors, including the prevailing climate, land use characteristics, demands for water, the quality required, and the availability of stormwater and wastewater. Three case studies are used in this paper to show that, generally, two factors limit the volumetric performance of a scheme using stormwater and/or wastewater, namely: (a) mismatches between stormwater and/or wastewater availability and water demand; and (b) the size of the storage required to smooth out the temporal disparities in (a).


The earliest coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s and were named for the coronal spike-like protein located on the surface of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 disease rapidly had a profound impact worldwide, resulting in millions of infections and deaths. High transmission rates and high mortality rates have plunged many countries into crisis, mainly in medical and economic terms. Innate immunity also plays a central role in the fight against COVID-19 virus, which includes T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and other types of immune cells. However, the SARS-CoV-2 virus appears to be new to the human immune system and often causes fatal complications and symptoms that are beyond the reach of natural human immunity. In the early stages, doctors tried treatment with antiviral drugs, as well as immunomodulators, using steroids and different kinds of cytokine blockers, which seemed promising, but it was still not effective in curing COVID-19 or curbing the infection rate. When a vaccine is established, the global pandemic will cease, which will greatly reduce mortality and prevent serious complications in patients. Various forms of vaccine development have strengthened the control of global COVID-19 infection, but challenges and barriers to containment of SARS-CoV-2 remain.


In this paper we consider the DTN routing problem in networks where the links between nodes are not stable, but tend to change over time. In these cases, the classical algorithms are not adequate, so new protocols are needed to deliver the highest number of messages, trying to limit the amount of messages transmitted in the network. We propose a new algorithm, S-Grasp, whose foundations are found in other works already presented in the literature, but in some cases it improves their performances. Finally we will show, through simulations, that although the success rate is close to the optimal value, the number of retransmissions is reduced by at least 50% compared to that of other analyzed algorithms.


The work principle of digital hydraulic fin stabilizer was introduced.The integral simulation model of digital hydraulic fin stabilizer system was established,and the dynamic properties were researched and simulated with the fluid simulation software AMESim.The results show that the digital hydraulic fin stabilizer system has a good open-loop tracking characteristic,and is able to satisfy the technical requirements.


Abstract Background Telehealth and telemedicine have become indispensable healthcare delivery tools during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older individuals with cirrhosis have complex medical needs that are currently unmet due to the growing disease burden and decreased access to care. Delivering timely specialist care virtually to older adults with cirrhosis will likely be beneficial and acceptable to such patients; however, this has not yet been prospectively evaluated. Purpose The primary goal is to pilot the delivery of dual specialist care from a hepatologist and geriatrician, delivered virtually, for older adults living with liver cirrhosis who are at high risk of geriatric syndromes (age >/= 65 with frailty, undifferentiated cognitive impairment from dementia or hepatic encephalopathy, recurrent falls, risk factors for polypharmacy and moderate to severe malnutrition). Care is delivered using a dedicated hepatology-geriatric referral pathway. Primary objectives include evaluating the impact of this approach on emergency care and inpatient utilization, along with patient attitude and satisfaction to the virtual interdisciplinary care delivery model. Method This pilot quality improvement study was conducted in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Ethics approval was obtained from the Nova Scotia Health Research Ethics Board and the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board. Fifty to one hundred participants (age 65 years or older with at least one geriatric syndrome; diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by liver elastography or liver biopsy, or Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis greater than three and having radiological features of cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension) were recruited between September 2022 to December 2022 at the time of their hepatology consultation. After consent and screening, each patient underwent a telehealth appointment by zoom with a geriatrician within four weeks of their initial hepatology assessment. Follow-up by telephone using a standardized survey regarding ease of access and quality of their telehealth experience then occurred at 3-4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months for emergency room visits and hospital admission status. Result(s) Pending Conclusion(s) Pending Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding; Pfizer Canada Disclosure of Interest J. Zhu Grant / Research support from: Pfizer Canada, F. Carr Grant / Research support from: Pfizer Canada, P. Tian: None Declared, M. McLeod: None Declared, M. MacFarlane: None Declared, S. De Coutere: None Declared, M. Sun: None Declared, K. Peltekian: None Declared


The present invention relates to a decker new and / or resorcinol Decker Ansel rate, or Dekker New and / or the decor during urination disorder therapeutic and edema therapeutic composition comprising angelica extract the play Ansel rate as an active ingredient. The Decker new and / or Decker resorcinol Ansel rate, or Dekker New and / or Decker resorcinol dysuria treatment of the Ansel rate include angelica root extract as an active ingredient and a swelling treatment composition of the invention, benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary incontinence while having a good effect on edema and urinary disorders represented, even during long-term use and safe with no side effects, in addition, it is possible to provide a therapeutic agent, auxiliary agent and dietary supplements to improve human capabilities. Angelica extract, Decker God, Decker resorcinol Ansel rate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary disorders, edema


The utility model relates to the technical field of agriculture machine, particularly to a traction vertical feed mixer. The traction vertical feed mixer comprises a mixing box body and a material discharge door, wherein a spiral taper spiral drill auger is vertically arranged in the mixing box body, a telescopic fixed cutter is arranged on the barrel wall, the spiral taper spiral drill auger comprises a taper spiral blade and a taper shaft, the taper spiral blade is in a tower shape and is welded on the taper shaft, the bottom portion of the taper shaft is connected with a transmission mechanism, a chassis is arranged on the bottom of the mixing box body, the front end of the chassis is connected with a traction lever, and the rear end of the chassis is connected with a walking wheel and a wheel shaft, the traction vertical feed mixer has the advantages that the structure is simple, the failure rate is low, the reliability is high, the forage grass processing ability is strong, the manufacture cost and operation cost are low, the material discharge is complete, and the feed mixing evenness is high.


Vibration fatigue of structure easily arises due to the dynamie load,so that frequency domain fatigue analysis technique is used to involve dynamic properties of the structure.Taking a converter cabinet as a research object,the transfer functions between input and structural stress are obtained by frequency response analysis.The fatigue life is predicted in frequency domain according to the results of frequency response analysis on the finite element of the converter抯 cabinet and the ASD(Acceleration Spectral Density) spectrum from the standard GB/T 21563-2008 Railway applications-Rolling stock equipment-Shock and vibration tests.Failures of the converter cabinet in vibration test are successfully analyzed with simulation and the correctness of simulated results is verified.


The rapid development of network offers a wide range of channels for information acquisition,which brings a serious potential security danger at the same time.this paper puts forward a method of access control based on SDT,by which the incredible binary code is executed separately through software dynamic translation.In the dynamic fragment execution,SDT is responsible for adding the security polices to the executable code,and controls the access of system resources by security polices.This method is implemented by the strata(SDT common platform).


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: ICE specific fuel consumption is minimised by control using feedback with transmission elements and consists in power recuperation in vehicle incorporating ICE 3, AC generator 5, rectifier 7, controlled power accumulator 10 and traction motor 13. With braking pedal depressed or motor shaft rpm exceeding electromagnetic field revolution frequency, ICE is switched over into reduced rpm conditions. Traction motor 13 is switched over to generator conditions to charge electric power accumulator 13. With running speed and accumulator 10 charge current reducing, signal is fed in accumulator control system 10.2 to change pattern of connecting single elements. Voltage fed to each elements of accumulator 10 is increased. Accumulator charge current is increased. Proposed fuel consumption minimising device comprises traction motor shaft rpm transducer 14, capacitor unit charge pickup 11, voltage comparators (18), power absorption comparator 9 and logical unit 20, fuel feed cutoff control unit 17, controller power accumulator 10, braking pedal position transducer and three-level comparator 19. EFFECT: optimum use of electric power accumulators, reduced costs and specific fuel consumption. 2 cl, 3 dwg


Solar activity indices vary over the Sun's disk, and various activity parameters are not considered to be symmetric between the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun. The north–south asymmetry of different solar indices provides an important clue to understanding subphotospheric dynamics and solar dynamo action, especially with regard to nonlinear dynamo models. In the present work, we study the statistical significance of the north–south asymmetry of sunspot areas for the complete solar cycle 23 (1996–2008) and rising branch of cycle 24 (first 45 months). The preferred hemisphere in each year of cycles 23 and 24 has been identified by calculating the probability of hemispheric distribution of sunspot areas. The statistically significant intermediate-term periodicities of the north–south asymmetry of sunspot area data have also been investigated using Lomb–Scargle and wavelet techniques. A number of short- and mid-term periods including the best-known Rieger one (150–160 days) are detected in cycle 23 and near Rieger-type periods during cycle 24, and most of them are found to be time variable. We present our results and discuss their possible explanations with the help of theoretical models and observations.


The author examines the trends of communication actions within the boundaries of the migration experience, ways of thinking about the phenomenon of migration in collaboration with the social environment, and on this basis, the direction of the localization of the space of citizens in the development of the migration process.


Internal mobility ratios in the molten binary system (Ag, Tl)NO3 have been measured by Klemm's countercurrent electromigration method. In the usual way the internal cation mobilities b have been calculated from these data and those available on the densities and conductivities. In the investigated region of temperature and composition bAg is greater than bTl


The pipe roofing method has been widely recognized as an alternative for tunnel construction in urban areas to reduce adverse effects on underground utilities and ground surface activities. In those tunneling projects through various geological formations using pipe roofing method, the assessment of ground movement in soft clay is the most endeavoring engineering exercise. The soil behavior, pipe roof characteristics, and construction sequence have significant influence on the ground movement in the tunnel construction. In this paper, the methodology of ground movement assessment for pipe roofing method in soft clay is introduced. The key factors concerning settlement from soil behavior, pipe roof characteristics, and construction are identified. In addition, the monitoring data from the vehicle tunnel construction with pipe roofing method along the Fuhsing North Road passing through the Taipei International Airport is used for validation of this methodology.


Objective To investigate the morphologic features of gastric intestinal metaplasia(IM) using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging(ME-NBI) and its clinical use in the diagnosis of IM under ME-NBI targeted biopsy. Methods The endoscopic examination was performed on 50 patients and suspected lesions of gastric body associated with IM were further observed by ME-NBI.The biopsy specimens were obtained from regions containing light blue crest(LBC),marginal turbid band(MTB) mucosa or normal area for pathological examination,and the results were analyzed. Results In 50 patients examined with ME-NBI,we received 112 pieces of biopsy samples. IM was pathologically confirmed in patients. For the diagnosis of IM,MTB had a sensitivity and specificity of97. 1% and 52. 3%,respectively,and the corresponding values for LBC were 31. 4 % and 95. 2%. When groups classified according to the presence or absence of MTB and LBC were compared,severe IM was more commonly seen in MTB +/LBC + areas than in the other two regions. Conclusion It has been demonstrated that NBI – ME can improve the diagnosis of IM by targeted-biopsy in LBC or MTB region,which is helpful in early diagnosis of gastric cancer.


This paper presents the design and the optimiza- tion of a parallel machine-tool composed of (i) an actuated parallel 3-dof mechanism (a linear Delta) and (ii) a measuring 6-dof mechanism (a Gough platform)). The interest to use a measuring device independent of the actuation device is shown and the modeling of both devices used for the optimization is explained. Then, the optimization is presented; it is performed to obtain the best resolution for the measuring system evaluated at the tool level. I. INTRODUCTION


This study aimed to investigate pre-service elementary mathematics teachers' perceptions about mathematics problems and their beliefs about problem solving. The sample consisted of 244 senior undergraduate students studying in Elementary Mathematics Teacher Education programs at 5 different universities during the 2005-2006 academic years. The data were collected through a survey developed by the researcher. The results indicated that, in general, the pre-service teachers held positive beliefs about mathematical problem solving. However, they held several traditional beliefs about following predetermined sequence of steps while solving problems and the kind of problems emphasized in the new mathematics curriculum. Besides, they did not value problems that do not cover any topic in the curriculum, involve no number or take a long time to solve. In addition to these, the present study indicated that female and male pre-service teachers did not differ in terms of their beliefs about mathematical problem solving. However, the pre-service teachers' beliefs showed significant difference when the universities attended was concerned.


Case particles are an important Japanese language learning aspect that the learners should have learned since the beginner level, yet there are still many who still do not grasp the meaning and function of each particle. This is because, in the instructional process, the elaboration of such articles is confined to the external structure, while the inner structure (semantic roles) is rather neglected in the textbooks. This study seeks to explain each semantic role of the particles 'kaku-joshi' contained in Japanese language teaching materials starting from elementary to secondary levels used in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive, with textual analysis employed as a data analysis technique. Findings reveal that all Japanese case particles have appeared in elementary level textbooks, namely part icles GA, WO, NI, DE, TO, E, KARA, MADE, and YORI which are used to follow arguments or syntactic functions in the form of a subject, object, complement, and adjunct. However, not all semantic roles appear in the textbook; 14 semantic ro les are evidently not present. The findings of this study can be used as reference material for Japanese instructors in the teaching of Japanese case particles so that the differences among the particles will be clearer and more easily understood by Japanese language learners in Indonesia.


Objective: To screen out the best methods of the ultrasonic extraction of Sargentodoxa tannin.Methods: Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the components of Sargentodoxa Tannin.An ultrasonic extraction method was used as the factors of extraction time,ethanol concentration and solid-liquid ratio;an orthogonal experiment used as the best extraction conditions;a colorimetric method used to determine the content of Sargentodoxa tannin.Results: With 70% of ethanol,the liquid ultrasonic extraction in the ratio of 1∶15 acquired the best results in 30 minutes.Conclusion: The optimization of the extraction process of Sargentodoxa tannin through the ultrasonic extraction method provides more reference for further study of Sargentodoxa tannin.


Despite their name, horseshoe crabs are not true crabs. The Atlantic horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is the only member of the Arthropoda subclass Xiphosura found in the Atlantic. Unlike true crabs, which have 2 pairs of antennae, a pair of jaws and 5pairs of legs, horseshoe crabs lack antennae and jaws and have 7 pairs of legs, including a pair of chelicerae. Chelicerae are appendages similar to those used by spiders and scorpions for grasping and crushing. In addition, horseshoe crabs have book lungs, similar to spiders and different from crabs, which have gills. Thus, horseshoe crabs are more closely related to spiders and scorpions than they are to other crabs. Their carapace is divided into three sections: the anterior portion is the prosoma; the middle section is the opithosoma; and the "tail" is called the telson. Horseshoe crabs have two pairs of eyes located on the prosoma, one anterior set of simple eyes, and one set of lateral compound eyes similar to those of insects. In addition, they possess a series of photoreceptors on the opithosoma and telson (Shuster 1982).


The aim of this paper is to present functioning of financial markets in the Nordic countries. This paper explores financial markets of Denmark, Finland and Sweden during the global crisis and the 80s and 90s crises of the twentieth century. The article presents the results of researches for money market, capital market, foreign exchange market, banking sector and public finances sector. The paper analyses experience and differential reaction of Danish, Finnish and Swedish financial markets to global crisis. Based on studies, the Nordic crises and the global crisis, had a different course. The experience of the 80s and 90s, contributed to a better reaction of the financial markets in the Nordic countries, to the global crisis. The case studies for financial markets, confirmed that the greatest changes in financial markets occurred in Denmark and Finland and lowest in Sweden.


This paper analyzes the hierarchical microstructure of cold-drawn pearlitic steels. To this end, environmentally assisted fracture behavior and microstructural integrity in aggressive environments is analyzed in progressively cold-drawn pearlitic steels based on their microstructural evolution during the multi-step cold drawing manufacture process producing a slenderizing and orientation of the pearlitic colonies (first microstructural level), and orientation and densification of the ferrite/cementite lamellae (second microstructural level). Thus the microstructure of the cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires becomes progressively oriented as the cold-drawing degree increases and this microstructural fact affects their macroscopic behavior, inducing anisotropic fracture behavior and crack path deflection in aggressive environments. In addition, the hierarchical microstructure of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires in two microstructural levels (colonies and lamellae) suggests a consideration of them as hierarchically structured materials (HSM). Furthermore, an analogy is established in the paper between the microstructural arrangement in cold-drawn pearlitic steels and the multi-level structure of Johann Sebastian Bach's music.


Africa has a long tradition of regional cooperation, its trade and monetary integration schemes being the oldest in the developing world. This paper analyses the state of regional integration with respect to trade and financial relations in selected regional schemes in Central, Southern and West Africa. The paper concludes that in particular regional monetary integration offers advantages in terms of monetary stability, growth, competitiveness, deepening of financial markets and ownership compared with an indiscriminately integration of individual countries into the global economy. Thus, great significance must attached to cooperation between Member States. Although trade and financial integration can be mutually enforcing, a minimum level of regional activities is required to set this process in motion. Until the necessary threshold is achieved, Member States have a vital role in organizing and delivering regional activities, e.g. the development of bond markets or the promotion of production networks.


This is a note in which we first review symmetries of moduli spaces of stable meromorphic connections on trivial vector bundles over the Riemann sphere, and next discuss symmetries of their integrable deformations as an application. In the study of the symmetries, a realization of the moduli spaces as quiver varieties is given and plays an essential role.


ABSTRACT Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) certainly belongs to the most powerful spectroscopic tools in rubber science. Yet the often high level of experimental and in particular instrumental sophistication represents a barrier to its widespread use. Recent advances in low-resolution, often low-field, proton NMR characterization methods of elastomeric materials are reviewed. Chemical detail, as normally provided by chemical shifts in high-resolution NMR spectra, is often not needed when just the (average) molecular motions of the rubber components are of interest. Knowledge of the molecular-level dynamics enables the quantification and investigation of coexisting rigid and soft regions, as often found in filled elastomers, and is further the basis of a detailed analysis of the local density of cross-links and the content of nonelastic material, all of which sensitively affect the rheological behavior. In fact, specific static proton NMR spectroscopy techniques can be thought of as molecular rheology, and ...


OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of interaction between prazosin hydrochloride and bovine serum albumin(BSA) at different temperatures by Fluorescence spectroscopy.METHODS Fluorescence spectroscopy was used.RESULTS The binding constant is 2.0×104 L·mol-1,the numbers of binding sites at 25℃ and 37℃ were 1.19 and 1.14 respectively.At 37℃,the thermodynamic parameters of interaction between prazosin hydrochloride and BSA were ΔH=0,ΔG=-25.52 kJ·mol-1,ΔS=0.082 kJ·mol-1·K-1.The effect of prazosin hydrochloride on the conformation of BSA was analyzed.According to the theory of Forester non-radiation energy transfer,the binding distance and transfer efficiency between prazosin hydrochloride and BSA were r=4.69 nm and E=0.078 respectively.CONCLUSION BSA could react with prazosin hydrochloride to form a complex in the range of experimental concentrations,the quenching mechanism of them were suggested as static quenching,its action force was mainly electro-static interaction.


The present invention provides three sections of coding sequences of 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase protein family of isatis indigotica fortune, wherein the coding sequences are respectively represented by SEQ ID NO.1, SEQ ID NO.2, and SEQ ID NO.3. The present invention further provides amino acid sequences of the 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase protein family of the isatis indigotica fortune, wherein the amino acid sequences are characterized in that the amino acid sequences are represented by SEQ ID NO.4, SEQ ID NO.5 and SEQ ID NO.6. The present invention further provides applications for changing biosynthesis of lariciresinol by regulating the expression of the 4-coumarate coenzyme A family protein of the isatis indigotica fortune. According to the present invention, the important application values are provided in the fields of breeding and biological energy sources.


This report describes the features and use of the Aerosol Sampling and Transport Efficiency Calculation (ASTEC) Code. The ASTEC code has been developed to assess aerosol transport efficiency source term experiments at Sandia National Laboratories. This code also has broad application for aerosol sampling and transport efficiency calculations in general as well as for aerosol transport considerations in nuclear reactor safety issues. 32 refs., 31 figs., 7 tabs.


bZIP transcription factor has been reported to be involved in disease resistance in various plants,but little has been studied in the interaction between wheat and Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici.In this study,a TabZIP transcription factor gene in size 1 005 bp with 334 amino acids was cloned from wheat cultivar Suwon 11 infected by stripe rust pathogen using in silico cloning and RT-PCR methods.This gene was designated TabZIP20 because it shares the highest similarity with AtbZIP20.The TabZIP contains a conserved bZIP domain.Transformation of this target gene into onion epidermal cells proved that the corresponding protein was located in the nucleus.The expression patterns of this gene in wheat-strip rust pathogen interactions were investigated by qRT-PCR and the result showed that the transcriptional accumulation of TabZIP20 was induced in the incompatible interaction.Thus,the TabZIP20 participated in the wheat resistance to stripe rust fungus,but the detailed mechanism needs to be further investigated.


A penetrator system to emplace subsurface science on the planet Mars is described. The need for subsurface science is discussed, and the technologies for achieving successful atmospheric entry, Mars penetration, and data retrieval are presented.


This paper described an integrated technology based on DGPS, CTCS-3 simulation platform and balise positioning, through the integrated positioning technology to improve the positioning accuracy of DGPS, and proposed the Mileage Smoothing Algorithm to improve DGPS applications under adverse environmental conditions. The field test demonstrated that the Integrated Train Positioning System could improve the accuracy of position, continuity and reliability.


Building systems with light steel members, gypsum plasterboards and mineral wool have a wide spread use in the US, Australia and Japan and are gaining market in some European countries. The systems have often load-bearing walls and the floors may be of Light weight steel profiles or concrete. Such systems are suited for industrial production and can contribute to a more efficient building process. This new building technology came to the foreground because of the rapid development in the building industry; surely it has a lot of advantages from the technological point of view, which meet all the requirements these days. But it is more important beside the points of view mentioned above that the construction of these buildings protects the natural environment, and suits the stand points of Sustainable development and guarantees a healthy environment for the users for the whole lifespan of the building. But , these systems are not universally utilized in China. As a matter of fact, they are to agree with the all current situation s of China, especially the Light-gauge steel system residence . In the following paper I will justify the existence of light-gauge steel constructional building system in the residential housing with the points mentioned above.


Background: Disabled people in the streets have been adjudged to have the least access to sanitation facilities. Information is inadequate on accessibility to sanitation and hygiene services in homes for the disabled in Nigeria. Purpose: To investigate accessibility to sanitation facilities and handwashing practices among Physically Challenged Persons (PCPs) in selected homes for the disabled in Ibadan. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four consenting PCPs selected from three homes for the disabled in a cross-sectional study were interviewed using questionnaire. Field observation and Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) were conducted using a checklist and FGD guide respectively. Results: Mean age of PCPs was 19.5 ± 6.8 years, and 56.2% were males. All PCPs reported they had water closet toilet-types in their homes, however, 42% reported that toilet usage was difficult because there were no assistive devices. Observation revealed there were no hand rails or ropes to aid in toilet usage. The FGDs revealed water supply for flushing was inadequate. Although 98.4% reported handwashing with soap after toilet use, only 54.7% of the PCPs reported that soap was readily available in their homes/centres. Discussion and Conclusion: Reports by the PCP and field observation showed that there were inadequate assistive devices such as wheelchair ramps, hand rails, or ropes to aid in toilet usage. Sanitation facilities in homes for the disabled should be appropriately built with necessary support to facilitate usage and easy accessibility.


Laminin, a cell adhesion protein, consists of three peptide chains (α, β and γ‐1). The β chain contains a Tyr‐Ile‐Gly‐Ser‐Arg (YIGSR) sequence that has been found to inhibit experimental metastasis in mice. We have prepared a hybrid of a water‐soluble chitosan and a laminin‐related peptide, and have examined its inhibitory effect on experimental metastasis in mice.


The article discusses the problematic aspects of protecting the image of the law enforcement system. The necessity of understanding the functioning of the mechanism of legal protection of the image of the law enforcement system in the difficult conditions of modern reality, the identification and practical application of the legal means provided for by the current domestic legislation to ensure the safety of all structural elements of this system is substantiated. In view of the high achievements of mankind in the field of modern technologies, including the level of development of virtual space, the author emphasizes the particular danger of the rapid spread of purposefully distorted in the negative side of both the individual image (image of law enforcement officers) and the image of the organization (law enforcement system as a whole) information through various sources. Regulatory legal sources and judicial practice are analyzed, on the basis of which the author draws conclusions about possible ways to protect the image of the law enforcement system, taking into account the division of the latter into personal image (the image of an individual law enforcement officer) and corporate image (the image of the law enforcement system as an organization). It is concluded that the mechanism of legal protection of the image of the law enforcement system currently exists in the form of a set of special legal instruments (substantive and procedural means in interaction) used to regulate legal relations arising in the relevant sphere. However, its functioning occurs "indirectly" through the use of available legal structures.


The author analyzes major trends in international migration concerning Poland between the years 1945 and 1950. The displacement of the population from the USSR and from elsewhere to Poland after World War II is documented. The return migration of people who left Poland prior to 1939 and returned during the post-war period is also discussed. Attention is paid to the available data concerning the number of people of German origin present in Polish territory in 1946. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS) (ANNOTATION)


A series of phosphonyl pyrrole /amino acid conjugates were synthesized.Their structure were confirmed by 1H NMR、31P NMR、IR and ESI-MS/MS.Their structures were also characterizated with the HMQC method.The main fragmentation pathways in ESI-MS were proposed.


Microtubule‐binding proteins (MBPs) are structurally and functionally diverse regulators of microtubule‐mediated cellular processes. Alteration of MBPs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including cancer. MBPs can stabilize or destabilize microtubules or move along microtubules to transport various cargoes. In addition, MBPs can control microtubule dynamics through direct interaction with microtubules or coordination with other proteins. To better understand microtubule structure and function, it is necessary to identify additional MBPs. In this study, we isolated microtubules and MBPs from mammalian cells by a taxol‐based method and then profiled a panel of MBPs by mass spectrometry. We discovered a number of previously uncharacterized MBPs, including several membrane‐associated proteins and proteins involved in post‐translational modifications, in addition to several structural components. These results support the notion that microtubules have a wide range of functions and may undergo more exquisite regulation than previously recognized.


This study deals with the development of vision for vehicle and driver to prevent problems for both vehicle and driver while driving. Wireless communication in car is the booming field of Network communication. An Head-up-Display is developed for calculating the car strategies which help in maintenance and life time of the car to analyze the system with the help of CAN (Controller Area Network) used for communication inside the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) from ELM327 Bluetooth analyzer. And a pulse sensor is connected to the processor to analyze and send immediate signal to the emergency contacts in the time of abnormal conditions of the person while driving. By using Node-Red in the communication will lead the communication easier for the person using and implementing the HUD will lead the maintenance of the system good.


Wikis tend to be used more and more in world-wide, intranet and increasingly even in personal settings. Current wiki content is a data island. People can read and edit it, but machines can only send around text strings without structure. Migration, publishing from one wiki to another one and choice of syntax are holding back broader wiki usage. In this paper we define a wiki interchange format (WIF) that allows data exchange between wikis and related tools. Different from other approaches, we also tackle the problem of page content and annotations. The linking from formal annotations to parts of a structured text is analysed and described.


Although fragmented by disciplinary boundaries, most migration theories tend to agree on the importance of economic factors in driving the flows of international migration. Nevertheless, empirically, the significance of economic factors is not unequivocal, which makes future mobility patterns difficult to foresee with certainty. This report seeks to understand what undermines the consistency of empirical findings from a methodological perspective. Specifically, we reviewed common approaches for estimating the migration responses to economic disparities, and found that the estimates are very sensitive to different model assumptions and specifications. We further derived a Flow Specific Common Correlated Effects (FSCCE) model. The model estimates revealed pervasive heterogeneity; the economic motives vary substantially depending on migrants' countries of origin and their choices of destination in the European Union. This report Deliverable 3.2 for Work 3 of the HumMingBird project. Abstract Although fragmented by disciplinary boundaries, most migration theories tend to agree on the importance of economic factors in driving the flows of international migration. Nevertheless, empirically, the significance of economic factors is not unequivocal, which makes future mobility patterns difficult to foresee with cer-tainty. This report seeks to understand what undermines the consistency of empirical findings from a methodological perspective. Specifically, we reviewed common approaches for estimating the migration responses to economic disparities, and found that the estimates are very sensitive to different model assumptions and spec-ifications. We further derived a Flow Specific Common Correlated Effects (FSCCE) model. The model estimates revealed pervasive heterogeneity; the economic motives vary substantially depending on migrants' countries of origin and their choices of destination in the European Union.


The horizontal de-MOS element and a method of manufacturing is disclosed. The device has a first conductivity type formed in the semiconductor substrate a second conductivity type high voltage wells and the second conductive-type RESURF region formed in the upper portion of the high voltage well, a second conductivity type Lee first conductive body formed on one side of the surf zone and, Lee claim element from the second conductivity type low-voltage wells and a part of the body having one side formed in a portion of the top formed on the device isolation film and the semiconductor substrate on the other side of the device isolation film is formed over a portion of the top of the semiconductor substrate in the surf zone It characterized in that it includes a second second conductivity type source formed in the conductive-type drain and body of the one side of the gate electrode formed on the low-voltage well of a gate electrode, and the other side of the device isolation film formed over extended to some upper surface of the membrane. Thus, the RESURF region of the surface depletion layer of uniformly distributed to the surface area of the local electric field reduction and the isolation film of the gate edge portions on the surface yielding removed by the high-voltage breakdown voltage to achieve can help you as well as sub-micron (submicron ) it is possible to reduce the on-resistance (Ron) of the LDMOS device, having a first and second impurity regions and the RESURF region the effect that can be formed while using a mask commonly simplify the manufacturing process. Di lateral MOS device (LDMOS), the on-resistance, breakdown voltage


This paper investigates the performance of a knowledge-based supplementary control to enhance the quality of frequency control of gas turbine generator for multi-machine case of one area of interconnected power system. The proposed Intelligent Gas Turbine Controller (IGTC) uses acceleration feedback to counter the over and under frequency occurrences due to major disturbances in power system network. Consequently, generator tripping and load shedding operations can be reduced. In addition, this type of controller is integrated with Automatic Generation Control (AGC), a well known Load- Frequency Control (LFC) in order to ensure the system frequency is restored to the nominal value. Computer simulations of frequency response of each gas turbine governing system are used to optimize the proposed control strategy. As a result, there is substantial improvement on the system frequency represents the speed of the equivalent generator of multimachine system that employing the proposed control strategy.


Objective: To identify maternal factors most associated with the birth of low weight and premature infants. Materials and Methods: Case-control study with 111 mothers who sought care at a public hospital in Feira de Santana (BA). The case group consisted of mothers of newborns with low birth weight (<2500g) and <37 weeks; and the control group of mothers of newborns with normal weight (≥2500g) and term. Birth weight and gestational age were obtained from hospital records. The main risk factors for low birth weight and prematurity were assessed by bivariate analysis and by calculating the odds ratio (OR). Results: 18.9% of mothers had preterm deliveries and, in 38.1% of cases, delivered before 34 weeks. Most of these women were aged between 14 and 25 years (66.7%), black or mulatto (85.7%), had a partner (81.0%), vaginal delivery (57.0%) and visited dentist during pregnancy (95.2%). There was a statistically significant association between low birth weight/premature delivery and consumption of alcoholic beverages (OR: 7.9; p=0.001), number of antenatal visits less than 6 (OR: 2.94; p=0.02) and the use of abortive medication (OR: 5.05; p=0.04). Conclusion: The findings showed that women who consumed alcohol, had fewer than six prenatal consultations and used abortive medication, had a greater chance of delivering a baby with low birth weight and premature. Thus, these risk factors deserve special attention in public policies to face this disease.


English language is increasingly becoming an important communication tool worldwide, being studied for different reasons and needs, which explains the emergency of English for special purpose programs (ESP). This study investigated the perceptions of teachers towards issues related to the pedagogy in teaching ESP courses at the Saudi Arabian University. As such, a mixed quantitative and qualitative research approach was used to collect data from 50 ESP teachers. The results revealed that all the respondents were qualified enough to teach ESP. However, in terms of teaching challenges, the ESP teachers appeared to be inadequately prepared for the job, since they lacked ESP teaching skills and knowledge, which lead to limited ESP teaching capabilities. Therefore, professional training should complement academic training for quality ESP teaching and learning outcomes. Moreover, most teachers lacked skill development courses since they joined the current institution, which suggested the need for teacher development programs to prepare ESP teachers in areas of knowledge development and right instructional language command. In this light, future studies should focus on ascertaining factors that determine the teachers? choices of pedagogic strategies in teaching ESP courses and those that influence learners to pursue ESP in universities and educational institutions.


In his recent article "From Persepolis to Jerusalem: A Reevaluation of Old Persian-Hebrew Contact in the Achaemenid Period", Aren Wilson-Wright reexamines the list of proposed Persian loans in Biblical Hebrew as well as their distribution, specifically in relation to the distinction between Classical and Late Biblical Hebrew. He seeks to demonstrate direct contact between speakers of Old Persian and Hebrew and proposes two further Old Persian calques.
This paper reevaluates Wilson-Wright's proposals on both methodological and philological levels, and offers a fuller dataset for several phenomena. While allowing the principal distinction between Classical and Late Biblical Hebrew, questions of textual genesis and transmission are combined with sociolinguistic considerations to explore the possible ramifications of the proposed linguistic interaction: What do we know about the use of Old Persian apart from royal inscriptions? What do we know about Iranians, locals and their use of language in the Achaemenid administration? The result is a much more complex picture of multiple linguistic interference with many unknowns.


Objective To investigate the factors related to the pain after extractoin.Methods 300 patients with mandibular third molar surgery were assessed.The correlation between pain and the relative factors including the size of the trauma,anxiety,personality,dental fear was analyzed.Results Postoperative pain was positively correlated with trauma,anxiety,somatization,neuroticism.Conclusion The psychological factors and personality of the patients are closely related to postoperative pain.


A QMD transport model that employs a modified momentum dependent interaction (MDI2) potential, supplemented by a phase-space coalescence model fitted to experimental multiplicities of free nucleons and light clusters, is used to study the density dependence of the symmetry energy above the saturation point by a comparison with experimental elliptic flow ratios measured by the FOPI-LAND and ASYEOS collaborations for 197 Au+ 197 Au collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon impact energy. Comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data for neutron-to-proton and neutron-to-charged particles elliptic flow ratios the following constraint is extracted for the slope L and curvature K sym of symmetry energy at saturation: L=59±24(exp)±16(th)±10(sys) MeV and K sym =0±370(exp)±220(th)±150(sys) MeV. Theoretical errors are the result of poorer known model ingredients. Systematical uncertainties are generated by the inability of the transport model to reproduce experimental light-cluster-to-proton multiplicity ratios. A more accurate value for L , free of systematical theoretical uncertainties, can be extracted from the neutron-to-proton elliptic flow ratio alone: L =63±18(exp)±14(th) MeV.


This paper presents an optimization of photovoltaic water pumping system (PWPS) considering the reliability criteria and economic aspects. In this way loss of load probability (LLP) as reliability criteria and life cycle cost (LCC) as economic criteria are used to simulate the performance of the PWPS. The sizing of a photovoltaic pumping system means the sizing of the photovoltaic module numbers and water tank storage capacity in terms of storage days. In the proposed algorithm, an external archive of non-dominated solution is kept which is updated during iteration. In addition, for preserving the diversity in the archive of Pareto solutions, the crowding distance operator is used. This attribute gives more flexibility to the planner for choosing the best final scheme among the obtained solutions. Of course in order to decision making, a fuzzy based NSGAII method is applied in this paper to select the favored solution among non-dominated solutions.


In situ groundwater remediation often calls for a chemical or biological amendment to be injected as an aqueous solution into a contaminated groundwater aquifer. Accordingly, remediation depends on mixing the amendment into the contaminated groundwater, which, in turn, depends on spreading the plume of the injected amendment effectively. Here, we present proof-of-principle results from a laboratory study showing that amendment plume spreading can be enhanced by heating the injected water, which is consistent with the mechanism of miscible viscous fingering. The heated water has a lower viscosity, rendering a mobility ratio (i.e., log viscosity ratio) of 1.2 that generates elongated plume perimeters for essentially consistent plume areas. Using a quasi-two-dimensional apparatus and recording photographs after each increment of the injection volume, two image analysis techniques were employed to measure the area and perimeter of the injected plume, and the results are compared to isothermal controls, showing that the plume perimeter increased by 47% when determined by binary image analysis or 56% when determined by morphological image analysis. Accordingly, this study offers evidence that heating the injected water enhances miscible plume spreading in porous media.


A clear and accurate understanding of communication network performance is essential, especially where all layers of the protocol stack - from physical propagation to application transport protocols - must be accounted for. While some solutions exist for RF communications over `open-terrain' areas, the urban environment is particularly challenging. To meet this challenge, a server-based, real-time solution for assessing complex communication and network effects in urban environments has been developed. By combining advanced RF ray-tracing propagation modeling and a full network simulator, the Scalable Urban Network Simulation (SUNS) software is able to provide accurate communications effects services. SUNS supports tactical modeling and simulation by predicting electro-magnetic signal coverage and path loss through application of a full 3D physical knowledge of the urban environment and terrain features. The commercial OPNET network simulator is used as the core of the system, with SUNS operations supported through a custom OPNET model that functions as a modeling and simulation server. The server, in turn, communicates with other node models within the OPNET simulation. In the approach, urban propagation data are pre-computed using high-performance computing (HPC) resources utilizing ray traced models of the urban scene.


The aim of this paper is to contribute to understanding of the pattern formation phenomenon in reaction-diffusion equations coupled with ordinary differential equations. Such systems of equations arise, for example, from the modeling of interactions between proliferating cells and diffusing growth factors. We focus on stability of solutions to an initial-boundary value problem for a system consisting of a single reaction-diffusion equation coupled with an ordinary differential equation. We show that such systems exhibit diffusion-driven instabilities (Turing instability) under the condition of autocatalysis of non-diffusing component. Nevertheless, there exist no stable Turing patterns, i.e. all continuous spatially heterogenous stationary solutions are unstable. In addition, we formulate instability conditions for discontinuous patterns for a class of nonlinearities.


Methionyl‐tRNA synthetase (MetRS) is a multidomain protein that specifically binds tRNAMet and catalyzes the synthesis of methionyl‐tRNAMet. The minimal, core enzyme found in Aquifex aeolicus is made of a catalytic domain, which catalyzes the aminoacylation reaction, and an anticodon‐binding domain, which promotes tRNA–protein association. In eukaryotes, additional domains are appended in cis or in trans to the core enzyme and increase the stability of the tRNA–protein complexes. Eventually, as observed for MetRS from Homo sapiens, the C‐terminal appended domain causes a slow release of aminoacyl‐tRNA and establishes a limiting step in the global aminoacylation reaction. Here, we report that MetRS from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans displays a new type of structural organization. Its very C‐terminal appended domain is related to the oligonucleotide binding‐fold‐based tRNA‐binding domain (tRBD) recovered at the C‐terminus of MetRS from plant, but, in the nematode enzyme, this domain is separated from the core enzyme by an insertion domain. Gel retardation and tRNA aminoacylation experiments show that MetRS from nematode is functionally related to human MetRS despite the fact that their appended tRBDs have distinct structural folds, and are not orthologs. Thus, functional convergence of human and nematode MetRS is the result of parallel and convergent evolution that might have been triggered by the selective pressure to invent processivity of tRNA handling in translation in higher eukaryotes.


Ambient Assisted Living using mobile device sensors is an active area of research in pervasive computing. Multiple approaches have shown that wearable sensors perform very well and distinguish falls reliably from Activities of Daily Living. However, these systems are tested in a controlled environment and are optimized for a given set of sensor types, sensor positions, and subjects. In this work, we propose a self-adaptive pervasive fall detection approach that is robust to the heterogeneity of real life situations. Therefore, we combine sensor data of four publicly available datasets, covering about 100 subjects, 5 devices, and 3 sensor placements. In a comprehensive evaluation, we show that our system is not only robust regarding the different dimensions of heterogeneity, but also adapts autonomously to spontaneous changes in the sensor's position at runtime.


Abstract We determined the incidence of hepatitis C virus among Danish human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and described their characteristics. We included 871 HIV-positive MSM seen from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009 at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen; drug users were excluded. We found 13 incident infections, i.e. a yearly incidence of 0.4%.


Soil microbial communities mediate soil feedbacks to climate change and a thorough understanding of their response to increasing temperatures is central for predicting climate-induced changes in carbon fluxes. However, it is still unclear how microbial communities will change their structure and functions in response to temperature change and availability of organic carbon of varying complexity. Here, we present results from a lab-based study where soil microbial communities were exposed to different temperatures and organic C of different stability. Soil samples were collected from vegetated and bare fallow plots located in two regions in southwest Germany varying in climatic and edaphic conditions. Soils amended with cellobiose (CB), xylan or coniferyl alcohol (CA, lignin precursor) were incubated at 5, 15 and 25 °C. We generally found highest cumulative respiration (CO2-C) at 25 °C in all substrate treatments even though total microbial growth (measured as total extracted DNA) was higher at 15 °C. Fungal biomass (measured from ergosterol content and fungal PLFAs) responded significantly to added substrate and incubation temperature, with higher fungal biomass at 5 or 15 °C than 25 °C in all substrate amendments. Xylan addition resulted in significantly higher ergosterol contents than for CB and CA. Within region, land-use significantly affected fungal biomass response to added substrate; however, the temperature response was similar between fallow and vegetated plots. Bacterial community response was also significantly affected by substrate quality. In contrast to fungi, the growth response of Gram+ and Gram- bacteria declined in the order CB > xylan > CA. Currently, we are analyzing the qPCR data understand the response of different bacterial taxa to temperature and substrate complexity. Our results demonstrate the importance of the interaction between soil temperature and substrate quality for soil microbial community functions and growth strategies.


This work describes the basic features of every neural network. This work then describes features of convolution neural networks and its respective network learning algorithm. Alongside this work, a program code is made which enables the creation of various convolution neural networks as well as their learning and testing. This work also contains four different examples of convolutional networks which are learned and tested on hand-written numbers from MNIST database. The final part of the work shows given results.


Sulfur recovery unit in Shenhua NCPP Methanol Plant went into production in June, 2008. In the process of operation, the blockage of liquid sulfur pipeline occurred and sulfur existed in tail gas pipe. Through the process operation improvement and equipment modification, the above problems have been solved.


The annual International school for young scientists and students on optics, laser physics and biophysics [Saratov Fall Meeting (SFM)] having five years experience in organization of a special Internet session is described. The technology of the Internet conference organizing as a new approach for distant and continuing education is discussed.


The Director-General was requested to "organize and arrange for a special study of the role of the Organization in research, and of ways in which WHO might assist more adequately in stimulating and co-ordinating research and developing research personnel". For this purpose the Government of the United States is making available some $300,000 to WHO to set up studies for ways and means by which research can best be promoted. The U.S. offer was first made by Dr. Milton Eisenhower in an address before the Tenth Anniversary Session.


The microsomal enzyme steroid Sa-reductase is responsible for the conversion of testosterone into the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone. In man, this steroid acts on a variety of androgen-responsive target tissues to mediate such diverse endocrine processes as male sexual differentiation in the fetus and prostatic growth in men. Here we describe the isolation, structure, and expression of a cDNA encoding the human steroid 5a-reductase. A rat cDNA was used as a hybridization probe to screen a human prostate cDNA library. A 2.1-kilobase cDNA was identified andDNA sequence analysis indicated that the human steroid 5a-reductase was a hydrophobic protein of 259 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 29,462. A comparison of the human and rat protein sequences revealed a 60% identity. Transfection of expression vectors containing the human and rat cDNAs into simian COS cells resulted in the synthesis of high levels of steroid 5areductase enzyme activity. Both enzymes expressed in COS cells showed similar substrate specificities for naturally occurring steroid hormones. However, synthetic 4-azasteroids demonstrated marked differences in their abilities to inhibit the human and rat steroid 5a-reductases. The enzyme steroid 5a-reductase (EC 220.127.116.11) is a microsomal protein that plays a central role in human sexual differentiation and androgen physiology. Interest in this protein arises from several distinguishing characteristics. First, steroid 5a-reductase catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (1). This latter steroid induces a program of differentiation during fetal development that leads to the development of the male external genitalia (2). Second, mutations in the gene for steroid 5a-reductase give rise to a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism in which affected males develop normal internal urogenital tracts but fail to develop external male structures (3). Third, the expression of the gene is regulated by androgens in tissues such as the prostate and liver (4). A fourth distinguishing feature of steroid 5areductase is its role in several endocrine abnormalities including benign prostate hyperplasia, male pattern baldness, acne, and hirsutism (5-7). The central role played by steroid 5a-reductase and its product dihydrotestosterone in these disorders has been underscored by the development of inhibitors of this enzyme (8) and their recent use as therapeutic agents (9). These drugs include 4-azasteroid derivatives, such as 17p8-(N-t-butyl)carbamoyl-4-aza-5a-androst-1-en-3-one (MK-906, Finasteride) and 17/3-(N,N-diethyl)carbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5a-androstan-3-one (4-MA) (8, 9), that function as competitive inhibitors ofthe enzyme (10). The exact mechanism by which these compounds act in vivo has not been elucidated, and the development of additional inhibitors of the human steroid 5a-reductase has been hampered by the absence of knowledge of the structure of the protein and by the very low levels of expression of this enzyme, even in androgen-responsive tissues (10-12). To gain insight into steroid 5a-reductase, we recently employed aXenopus oocyte expression cloning strategy to isolate a full-length cDNA encoding the rat enzyme (4). The characterization of this cDNA revealed that a single mRNA encodes steroid 5a-reductase in both the liver and the prostate, that the enzyme is a hydrophobic protein of Mr 29,000, and that hormonal control of steroid 5a-reductase gene expression may be exerted at the transcriptional level (4). In the current studies, we have used the rat clone to isolate and characterize a full-length cDNA encoding the human steroid 5a-reductase.t MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiolabeled steroids were obtained from DuPont/New England Nuclear and steroid standards were from Sigma and Steraloids (Wilton, NH). The 4-azasteroids 4-MA and MK906 were gifts of Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories. Inhibitors were subjected to chemical-ionization mass spectrometry to confirm their identity. cDNA Cloning. Two cDNA libraries were constructed from human prostate mRNA. For the first, cDNA kindly provided by M. J. McPhaul of this institution (13) was ligated into the bacteriophage AgtlO vector as described (4). For the second, prostate tissue from a subject undergoing surgery for prostatic hyperplasia was obtained from J. McConnell (this institution) and used for the isolation of poly(A)+ RNA (14). A size-fractionated cDNA library was subsequently prepared (4) in AgtlO (14). Clones from these libraries were screened by standard methods using hybridization conditions of reduced stringency (14). DNA sequence analysis was carried out using automated methods on an Applied Biosystems model 370A DNA sequencer. RNA blotting was performed as described (14). Expression Vector Construction. A rat steroid 5a-reductase cDNA corresponding to nucleotides (nt) 1-1962 (4) was ligated into the pCMV4 expression vector (15). A human cDNA corresponding to nt 1-842 of Fig. 1 was initially ligated into pCMV4. To modify this poorly expressed human cDNA (see text), two oligodeoxynucleotides derived from the 5' end of the cDNA (5'-ATAGATCTACCATGGCAACGGCGACGGGGGTGGCGG-3') and from the 3' untranslated region (5'-AAAGTCCATAGAGAAGCGCCATTGG-3') were used in a polymerase chain reaction (16) to alter the human cDNA as described below. After amplification, the product was ligated into pCMV4. Abbreviations: 4-MA, 17,8-(N,N,-diethyl)carbamoyl-4-methyl4-aza-5a-androstan-3-one; MK-906, 17P-(N-t-butyl)carbamoyl4-aza-5a-androst-l-en-3-one; nt, nucleotide(s). *To whom reprint requests should be addressed. tThe sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank data base (accession no. M32313). 3640 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990) 3641 Expression of Steroid 5a-Reductase cDNAs in COS Cells. Simian COS-M6 cells were transfected as described (15). Steroid 5a-reductase activity in intact cells was assayed as described (4) except that 14C-labeled steroids dissolved in ethanol were added to the transfected cell medium and subsequent organic extractions were carried out with dichloromethane. Thin-layer chromatography and liquid scintillation counting were performed as described (4). To determine IC50 values for the 4-MA and MK-906 inhibitors, a mixture of [14C]testosterone and inhibitor in ethanol was added to transfected cell medium, incubated at 37°C for 2 hr, and treated as above. To assay steroid Sa-reductase activity in vitro, cells were harvested 48 hr after transfection, washed once with phosphate-buffered saline, and either frozen in liquid N2 or homogenized directly with a Polytron (Brinkmann) at a protein concentration of 2 mg/ml in 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4/150 mM KCI/1 mM EDTA. A typical assay mixture contained 10-50 ,ug of cell homogenate protein in 0.5 ml of 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.6, rat enzyme; pH 7.0, human enzyme). Steroids were added in 5 ,ul of ethanol, and the reaction was initiated by the addition of NADPH to a final concentration of 2-5 mM. Incubations were carried out for 10 min at 37°C and terminated by the addition of 5 ml of dichloromethane. Organic extractions and thin-layer chromatography were as described above. The formation of 5a-reduced steroid products was linear with respect to protein over a 10to 50-,g range and with respect to incubation time over a 20-min period.


OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of complications during hospitalization in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, as well as the association with mortality and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involved 306 patients admitted to a COVID ward and ICU aged 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection admitted to a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiological and outcome data were collected from the patients' charts. RESULTS: According to the data analyzed during hospitalization, 230 (75.2%) patients developed complications, 281 (91.8%) patients had comorbidities and 169 (55.2%) patients died. There are no differences regarding the sex of the patients. The most prevalent complication was ventilator-associated pneumonia, present in 130 (42.5%) patients, followed by acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, presented by 100 (32.7%) patients. The calculation of the relative risk of death according to the occurrence of complications showed p<0.0001 for acute renal failure, p<0.0001 for orotracheal intubation and p=0.0434 for acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: The relative risk of death in COVID-19 is significant, showing an increase in relation to age, length of hospital stay and complications. Prevention, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce the mortality rate in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.


In this paper, a positive and a negative solution are obtained for quasilinear elliptic equations on RN with resonance near infinity and near the origin at the first eigenvalue.


The neural basis of self is the idea of using modern concepts of neuroscience to describe and understand the biological processes that underlie human's perception of self-understanding. The neural basis of self is closely related to the psychology.


Information technology (IT) is a powerful tool which can 'leverage' information and knowledge, the stocks-in-trade of the legal profession. However solicitors in Scotland have, in general, been slow to introduce IT for tasks beyond standard administrative functions such as word processing. For many firms Richard Susskind's IT-driven 'future of law' seems idealistic. The adoption of any new technology is an innovation. Considering adoption and diffusion models from the innovation literature, the paper presents the results of a number of interviews carried out in Scottish legal practices. The particular focus is small firms with less than 9 partners. Avoiding the pro-innovation bias contained in much of the literature, the paper examines attitudes of both innovative firms and those of the majority who at present perhaps regard IT as a necessary evil.


The control of tuberculosis has been an accepted objective in public health practice for many years. If present-day knowledge of the disease could be utilized to its fullest, the rate of decline would be accelerated appreciably. Present-day facilities are of little value unless the public will readily and willingly cooperate with the public health agency in utilizing this knowledge. Since Koch discovered the tubercle bacillus and set up his famous postulates in 1882, the basic facts have been available, and they have not changed to this day although the methods of application have been improved. With the organization of the National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in 1905, increasing emphasis has been placed on health education. Undoubtedly, much has been accomplished, but it is clearly obvious that the public generally do not yet fully appreciate the seriousness of the disease. When it strikes a member of a family, interest is aroused but even then the members too frequently fail to heed the latent dangers that threaten them. Biggs made a memorable statement when he said that "Public Health is purchasable." He, too, was a strong advocate of the importance of health education for the masses. Making a purchase of any commodity requires a buyer and a seller. If the commodity is attractive and in demand, the buyer is eager to purchase even at an advanced cost. Certainly there is no commodity available to mankind with more intrinsic value and every-day satisfaction than sound health. Yet we have but to look to our next door neighbor to see evidence of the ignorance of good health habits, or the careless refusal to consider them until it is too late. Thus a basic concept in the further eradication of tuberculosis must depend upon an enlightened public consciousness of its mode of spread and of the methods of prevention. Tuberculosis is a chronic communicable disease, spread from person to person. Generally speaking, the greater the exposure


Abstract When economic sanctions are directed against a target state by a sender state, the sender obviously wants third countries to participate with the sanctions and can apply pressure on them to prevent sanctions busting behaviour. But why does sanctions busting vary, so that the target's trade with some third-countries increases but with others decreases? In this paper I offer two improvements to the analysis of sanctions busting: a theoretical framework that recognises how the effects of covariates on sanctions busting can only be identified if we treat them as more conditional than previous studies have done, and a gravity model that captures these conditional effects while also addressing several common specification errors. Applying these improvements to data for 1950–2006 significantly alters some of the central findings contained in previous research about sanctions busting.


Growing evidence indicates that the Mediterranean diet is beneficial to human health. Many epidemiological and research studies have reported that this diet pattern is able to limit the development and progression of coronary heart disease, one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries worldwide. There is now a large consensus about recommending Mediterranean diet to reduce atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease and to limit the risk of fatal complications such as sudden cardiac death and heart failure. This review underlines the role of two of the specific components of the Mediterranean diet, namely marine omega-3 fatty acids and wine, and the link between moderate wine consumption and fatty acid profiles.


Our understanding of the surrounding world and communication with other people are tied to mental representations of concepts. In order for the brain to recognize an object, it must determine which concept to access based on information available from sensory inputs. In this study, we combine magnetoencephalography and machine learning to investigate how concepts are represented and accessed in the brain over time. Using brain responses from a silent picture naming task, we track the dynamics of semantic processing, and show that the brain gradually accumulates semantic information before eventually reaching a plateau. The timing of this plateau point varies across individuals, indicating differences in the temporal domain of semantic processing, a new dimension of individual variability in the faculty of language.


Objective:To explore the effect of fluidization soup on curing abnormality of spermatozoal fluidization.Methods:All cases fit to the criteria of abnormality of fluidization were randomly divided into fluidization soup group and levofloxacin group to compare the normal analysis of sperm before and after treatment.Results:There were 61 cases whose fluidization were less than 60 min and 27 cases were more than 60 min in fluidization soup group and 29 cases less than 60 min and 56 cases more than 60 min in levofloxacin group,having significant differences(P0.001).the vigor of sperm in fluidization soup group significantly increased than that in levofloxacin group.Conclusion:For the cases of abnormality of spermatozal fluidization resulting in sterilitas and fluidization soup taken orally can advance the spermatozoal fluidization,improve the vigor of sperm and increase the chance of conception.


Bonus taxes have been implemented to prevent managers from taking excessive risks. This paper analyzes the effects of taxing executives' bonuses in a principal– agent model. Our model shows that, contrary to its intention, the introduction of a bonus tax intensifies managers' risk-taking behavior and decreases their effort. The principal responds to a bonus tax by offering the manager a higher fixed salary but a lower incentive-based component (bonus rate)


1 Introduction Metallothionein (MT), having low molecular weight and rich metal and thiol, are inducible proteins and widely distributed in nature. Many studies have suggested that the protein can play an important role in the detoxification of certain heavy metals and may serve as a metal-buffering system for controlling the metabolism of the essential elements


The dynamic spectrum of solar radio burst is a very important tool to study the characteristics of solar radio burst. However, due to the influence of the instruments noise of the solar radio telescope, external interference, the change of ambient temperature, absorption of clouds and so on, the sensitivity of the observation system will be reduced. In particular, the weak solar radio burst signal is easily submerged by various interference signals. In order to improve the sensitivity of solar radio telescope to observe solar radio burst signals and remove narrow-band interference signals, a spectrum data processing algorithm of spectral subtraction method based on entropy and energy threshold values (SSM-EE) is proposed in this article. There are multiple processing steps of SSM-EE. The first step is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through accumulating and averaging the spectrum data. The second step is to eliminate narrowband interference. The spectral kurtosis algorithm is used to calculate the spectral kurtosis of the narrowband interference signal, and then whether to smooth it is determined according to whether it is greater than the threshold. The third step is to establish a noise model. Calculating the power spectrum entropy and energy entropy of each frame of the processed spectrum data, judge whether it is a noise signal by judging the relationship between the power spectrum entropy and energy entropy and the corresponding threshold. The update model for noise floor is used to obtain the real-time noise floor data. The last step is to eliminate the background noise through spectral subtraction. The new spectrum data are obtained by subtraction method between the original spectrum data and the noise floor data. After a large number of data simulation and verification of the actual observation data, it shows that the method proposed in this article has good practical value.


markdownabstractThe aim of this thesis is threefold.
The first aim is to study the cumulative incidence of bilateral femoral neck fractures and the use of two types of arthroplasty for these fractures.
The second aim is to investigate the reliability and validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) in a femoral neck fracture population.
Finally, the third aim is to evaluate health care costs and functional results after treatment with arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures.


The starting point of this note is our recent paper with Laza and Sacc\`a on the construction of deformations of O'Grady's $10$-dimensional manifolds as compactifications of intermediate Jacobian fibrations associated to cubic fourfolds. The note provides a complement to that paper consisting in the analogous construction in the twisted case, leading to isogenous but presumably not isomorphic or birational hyper-K\"ahler manifolds.


MEMOIR A teacher's search for his immigrant family's memories John Hughes. The Idea of Home: Autobiographical Essays. Atarmon, NSW: Giramondo Publishing Co., 2004. 207 pp. n.p. ISBN 1 920882 04 9In 2005, author John Hughes of NSW won the Douglas Stewart book prize that carried with it A$20,000. This prize is one of the several coveted NSW Premier's Literary Awards. Hughes' book, his first, took him ten years to write and faced stiff competition from established NSW writers. Hughes is at present an English teacher at Sydney Grammar School. He had his pretertiary education in his hometown of Cessnock, NSW, graduated from Newcastle University and won a scholarship over a multitude of candidates to do graduate studies at Cambridge University in England. He never finished his Cambridge studies. On returning to Australia, he eventually received a Ph.D. from the University of Technology in Sydney.The Idea of Home is not a continuous narrative but five rather related essays: "An Essay of Forgetting," "My Mother's House," "CountryTowns," "A Life in Letters," and "A Walk through Eastern Europe." They are all autobiographical, spanning from childhood to the time Hughes achieves some stability, already at a rather mature age, with a permanent teaching position. The central theme of all five essays is the author's search for, understanding, and memories of his ethnic origins, mainly of his mother's family. They are Ukrainian, interwoven with Russian, a mix confusing to the young Hughes. His grandparents and mother were bom in Kiev and spoke Ukrainian and Russian (and some Germ a n and later English-his grandfather flawlessly, his grandmother with a heavy accent). They often mixed the languages in their everyday activities. Hughes writes he spoke only English all his life. Hemarveled at the ethnic roots of his grandparents and mother, especially their repertoire of Ukrainian dishes, which they prepared with a near holy devotion.The grandparents came to Australia with four children in 1949 via a long journey, leaving Kiev by foot in 1941, when the children were very young, and reaching Naples, Italy in 1945. Specifics of this long exodus were never told to John. Apparently from Italy they went to England and ended up in the English occupation zone of Germany, where his father with his language skills worked for the English authorities. From Bremen they sailed to Australia. The family's beginnings as immigrants were fortuitous. From the start, his grandfather had wellpaid employment as his mechanical expertise was needed when it "coincided with the renaissance in the mining industry in the Hunter Valley" (38). …


Discoloration of hard maple lumber commonly occurs during kiln-drying. In this study, discolored andnondiscolored kiln-dried hard maple lumber boards were characterized using a colorimetric method and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Colorimetric measurements (L*, a*, b*) were found to be in good agreement with visual grading. Brightness or lightness (L*) of hard maple lumber decreased with discoloration while redness (a*) and yellowness (b* increased with discoloration. The pH and metal ion content of lumber appeared to play no role in the discoloration process. ATR-FTIR spectra of lumber revealed that although all lumber boards exhibited similar features in the fingerprint and other regions, there were differences in intensities of some absorption bands. One significant difference between accepted and rejected lumber boards was in the 1600-1717 cm-' region. ATR FTIR alone was not sensitive enough to adequately describe changes in chemistry of discolored and discolored hard maple lumber boards.


Abstract : During fiscal year 1981, the Department of Defense conducted a large- scale, Congressionally-mandated test of three alternative postservice educational benefit programs, designed to attract high-aptitude high school graduates into the military services. This report describes the origins, design, and limitations of the test, and presents analyses of the test results. Effects were measured relative to a control program, and were of two types: (1) enlistment effects, either gains (or losses) and (2) skill channeling effects-- movements of recruits into the limited sets of military specialties eligible for the test programs. The principal policy implications of the test results were that (1) the requirement of the current program that service members contribute to their educational funds should be retained; (2) a program offered only in hard-to-fill skills is likely to be more cost effective than a general entitlement; and (3) Army recruiting might be hurt if a new program, even one more generous than the present, did not maintain the current Army 'edge' in benefit levels. (Author)


returned. The respondents ranged in age from 14 to 70 years. Eighty-nine pereent of them were female, and 49% were health-eare workers. Ninetytwo percent reported having had urtiearia, 82% rhinoeonjunetivitis, 51 % cough or asthma, and 35% anaphylaxis related to contact with latex articles. Ninety-four respondents (39%) reported having had contact with a condom since becoming allergic to latex, most fewer than six times. The large majority, 79 (84%), reported having had a local and/or a general reaction on contact with a condom. Local itching and swelling were the most frequently reported complaints, but at least 25% of them had also had cutaneous urticaria, angioedema, and/or respiratory symptoms. Latex condom use is an important component of public-health disease-prevention strategies. A total of 126 respondents (53%) reported regular use of some type of contraceptive, but only nine said that they now use condoms. A nonlatex condom is available in the UK and in the USA (Avanti brand. Regent Medical Products), and deproteinized latex condoms are marketed in France (Crystal brand, Laboratoires Degan) and in Japan (Crystal brand, Fuji Latex Co.). We urge physicians to be aware of this problem and of the availability of these alternatives for their latex-sensitive patients.


Introduces the No.2 350 m 3 BF of first iron making plant of Jinan Steel the 7th generation servicing life altered from bell type to non bell roof to Bell-Less Top,It pass intensity the original fuel quality manage,study constitute logical distribution matrix,optimize BF operation system,strengthen the furnace front management,and gives a steady and effective production of BF,The average utilize modulus achieved to 4.035 t(/m3 ·d)in 2006.


We consider the problem of finding an optimal packet transmission policy that minimizes the total cost of transmitting M data packets from a source S to two receivers R1, R2 over half-duplex, erasure channels. The source can either broadcast random linear network coding (RLNC) packets to the receivers or transmit using unicast sessions at each time slot. We assume that the receivers can share their knowledge with each other by sending RLNC packets using unicast transmissions. We model this problem by using a Markov Decision Process (MDP), where the actions include the source of and type of transmission to be used in a given time slot given perfect knowledge of the system state. We study the distribution of actions selected by the MDP in terms of the knowledge at the receivers, the channel erasure probabilities, and the ratio between the cost of broadcast and unicast. This allowed us to learn from the optimal policy and devise two simple, yet powerful heuristics that are useful in practice. Our heuristics rely on different levels of feedback, namely, sending 1 or 2 feedback packets per receiver per M data packets by choosing the right moment to send this feedback. Our numerical results show that our heuristics are able to achieve the same performance of the MDP solution.


Load-bearing brick-masonry multifamily buildings are prevalent in urban areas across much of the Northeast and mid-Atlantic. In most instances, these buildings are uninsulated unless they have been renovated within the past two decades. Affordable housing capital budgets typically limit what can be spent and energy improvements often take a back seat to basic capital improvements such as interior finish upgrades and basic repairs. The Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings is researching cost-effective solution packages for significant energy efficiency and indoor air-quality improvements in these urban buildings.


The limitation of the current Linux kernel's real-time capabilities is analyzed and several improved methods for real-time capabilities from various aspects are discussed.According to the different design targets for embedded systems,the corresponding improved methods can be adopted aiming at some limitations of the Linux kernel's real-time capabilities.


This paper examines the practice of using female police officers as decoy sex workers. A snowball sample yielded 14 female police officers who are assigned to work decoy operations. Semi‐structured interview questions were related to perception of their roles in the department, job satisfaction, motivation for accepting a vice position, perceptions of opportunities for advancement, perceived risks in working the decoy role, suggestions for departmental effectiveness, and additional probes related to themes that emerged during the interviews. Narratives were transcribed and open coded. The gendered nature of the police subculture was evident as themes of collegial relationships, job satisfaction, motivations for accepting the decoy assignment, and perceptions of efficacy emerged.


Males of Catinathrips were unknown to O'Neill when she (1967) erected this genus for Taeniothrips vaccinophilus Hood and the new species kainos . However, at that time, Stannard (1968) had in press the description of the male of vaccinophilus , based on a single specimen collected in Connecticut. Langille found males of kainos in the course of his study of blueberry thrips in Maine in 1968–69. His thesis, which may be published later, gives an account of the biology of this species. The present paper differentiates the males of kainos and vaccinophilus .


We discuss whether a simple theory of superconducting stripes coupled by Josephson tunneling can describe a metallic transport, once the coherent tunneling of pairs is suppressed by the magnetic field. For a clean system, the conclusion we reached is negative: the excitation spectrum of preformed pairs consists of Landau levels, and once the magnetic field exceeds a critical value, the transport becomes insulating. As a speculation, we suggest that a Bose metal can exist in disordered systems provided that the disorder is strong enough to localize some pairs. Then the coupling between propagating and localized pairs broadens the Landau levels, resulting in a metallic conductivity. Our model respects the particle–hole symmetry, which leads to a zero Hall response. And intriguingly, the resulting anomalous metallic state has no Drude peak and the spectral weight of the cyclotron resonance vanishes at low temperatures.


In this paper, we propose a new Wavelet-domain Hidden Markov Model (WHMM) for image denoising, which can exploit the local statistics and also capture intra-scale dependencies of the wavelet coefficients. Firstly, a Gaussian Mixture Field (GMF) on the wavelet transform is developed. In the GMF, we assume each wavelet coefficient follows a local Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) which is determined by its own neighborhood. The GMF contains rich local statistics of wavelet coefficients, which can be further combined with the contextual WHMM (CWHMM) to capture inter-scale or intra-scale dependencies. Based on our numerous simulation results, we find that the combination of the GMF and the inter-scale CWHMIM performs better than the combination of the GMF and the intra-scale CWHMM. We also notice that there is no significant benefit to consider both the inter-scale and intra-scale dependencies together in the GMF. Therefore, for the simplification of implementation, we consider the combination of the GMF and the intra-scale CWIHMM and name the novel model Gaussian Mixture Field Wavelet-domain Hidden Markov Model (GMFWWVIIM) in this work. The newly proposed GMFWHMM allows more accurate image modeling with improved denoising performance at the low computational complexity. Finally, the novel model is applied to medical image denoising with interesting results.


The great utility of some thoroughly practical method of conserving electric force has caused a great deal of attention to be applied to the subject; no system of electric supply can be considered as perfect until some means is used to so store the force generated that it may be drawn off equally and regularly, and this whether the generator be on or off. If we take, as an example of electric supply, the present systems of electric lighting, it is at once seen, should an accident or stoppage take place' in the machinery generating the current, the whole of the apparatus such as lamps or motor-machines are influenced; should there be a reservoir of electricity between the generator and the apparatus of whatever sort for utilising the force this inconvenience would not occur. All the present systems of storing electricity depend on certain chemical changes produced by electrolysis.


Several approaches to the biological beneficiation of coal have been suggested in the literature. The chemical similarity between coal, especially low-rank coal, and lignin suggest that lignin-degrading microorganisms, particularly white-rot fungi, could degrade coal by oxygen-requiring reactions. There are some indications that these processes can occur. Solubilization of coal by the action of white-rot fungi, such as Polyporus vesicolor has been reported. Bacterium such as Pseudomonas fluorescence appear capable of biodegrading coals including higher rank materials such as anthracite. Besides degrading coal, this bacterium was shown to produce extracellular protein that adsorbed to the surface of the coal particles. The adsorbed protein significantly reduced the surface tension of the coal, suggesting a potential role of this protein as a surfactant in coal slurrying. In coals containing finely dispersed pyrite, pyritic sulfur and, to a degree, organic sulfur can be removed by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans or Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, which oxidizes sulfur for energy production. Based on laboratory data, the biological, coal-desulfurization process appears to be cost-effective when compared to other chemical-desulfurization methods. This review reveals the general absence of data on coal degradation, enzyme production and characterization, and effects of coal substrate, nutritional requirements, on degradation rates. Screening of additional organisms for more » coal degrading activity or isolation and evaluation of cell-free-enzyme extracts as bioreagents for coal conversion appear to be areas which may be fruitful in the near term. Each of these issues must be addressed if progress in this new area of biotechnology is to continue. 76 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs. « less


Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited character, which results from abnormal microsporogenesis or microgametogenesis leading to no pollen production or dysfunctional pollen. The hybrid seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus) was reported to be as much as 60% higher than in parental lines therefore it was frequently used in commercial F1 hybrid production (Horlow et al., 1992; Lin et al., 2006; Pascal and Francoise, 2004; Singh and Brown, 1991). Four types of CMS of rapeseed exist in nature, i.e. nap CMS, Polima CMS, Shaan 2A CMS, and Ogu CMS. Nap CMS is also known as the Shiga-Thompson system, and was fi rst reported by Shiga and Baba (1973) and Thompson (1972). However, the sensitivity of this CMS to temperature is a critical restriction for its application. Ogu CMS, fi rst observed by Ogura in a Japanese radish groups, also has serious defects in hybrid production due to its defi ciency in chlorophyll and the absence of a restoring gene (Gourret et al., 1992). Polima CMS, which might have originated from a Polish cultivar through genetic mutation, was discovered by Fu in 1972 (Fu, 1990). Shaan 2A CMS was discovered by Li in 1976 (Li, 1980) in the progeny of hybridization of S74 × (Fengshou 4 + 7207), and this CMS was fi rst applied utilizing of rapeseed heterosis, and resulted in the world's fi rst hybrid rapeseed 'Qinyou 2'. At present, Polima and Shaan 2A CMS are the only two CMS widely applied in heterosis utilization in China. Although Shaan 2A CMS and Polima CMS have different origin, they are sometimes assumed to be the same type of CMS, because they share the same restorer lines and maintainer lines (Yang and Fu, 1991), and have the same cytoplasm as revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and mtDNA fragment polymorphism analyses (Yang et al., 1998). Previous studies of the molecular basis of Polima CMS have demonstrated that the orf224/atp6 coding region is the only mitochondrial gene region expressed differently in normal, sterile and Sequence Analysis and Expression of orf224 Gene Associated with Two Types of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus L. Jianmin Liu, Maoteng Li*, Hao Wang, Longjiang Yu, and Dianrong Li*


A hot runner apparatus with a thermal expansion compensating tool is a hot runner apparatus including a manifold; a pipe-shaped nozzle; and a thermal expansion compensating tool, wherein the heat expansion compensating tool includes a thermally transformed gasket bushing which is a pipe-shaped connecting element made of a metal having relatively lower coefficient of thermal expansion for the manifold and the nozzle and having a resin flow path and resin connection path having the diameter same to the resin flow path penetrate, and which includes a flange unit forcibly inserted into the inner surface of an installation hole of the nozzle; a transformation pipe unit extended downward from the flange unit, and forming a transformation compensating gap by having a reduced diameter for the nozzle installation hole; and a nozzle assembly unit extended downward from the transformation pipe unit, formed on the inside of the upper end of the nozzle, connected to the resin flow path, and assembled by being forcibly inserted into an installation groove having the diameter expanded for the resin flow path, to have an advantage of preventing damage caused by resin leakage.


Five obstacles are cited as having kept the US from adopting an effective policy to end its energy vulnerability: public opinion, politics, excessive regulation, an emphasis on quick solutions, and the adversary relationship between government and industry. The case is made for government support of researh and developmnt of synthetic fuel technologies, with no government participation at the commercial stage. Financial incentives should be used to help close the price-gap differential between synthetic and conventional fuels. (DCK)


We investigate the stability of frequency domain information bits as a function of time and temperature fluctuations. A large body of experimental results for a variety of organic materials is presented and analyzed in terms of phenomenological models on spectral diffusion and dispersive kinetics.


A group at the University of Colorado and the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder has serendipitously created two Bose-Einstein condensates—each one a crowd of atoms in a single quantum state—in a supercooled magnetic trap. Their cooling technique worked directly on only one of the condensates, but the other one cooled "sympathetically," which suggests that the strategy could be used to condense


Amid growing business opportunities and major social change, an extensive high-speed rail (HSR) network is being developed to link the main cities of the European Community. In addition to providing an alternative mode for intercity travel, the 24,000 km of new and upgraded HSR track will facilitate and support major social and economic change. A conventional economic evaluation of this network has been undertaken using a coarse, strategic multimode model and quantifying time and operating cost savings as measures of economic benefit. An enhanced method for evaluating the economic benefits of the European HSR network is described. The focus of the method is the additional benefits that would accrue to business travelers. A survey of European companies revealed additional economic impacts, not so far considered in the evaluation of the European HSR network, that are perceived and valued by business travelers. An approach is developed to value the additional impacts and to incorporate them into the conventional economic evaluation of the HSR network. The results suggest that the additional impacts are potentially a significant source of economic benefits. It is probable that the application of this approach would identify substantial benefits accruing to nonbusiness travelers too. This has important implications for how the European HSR network is evaluated and priorities are set for its implementation.