Dynamics of larch budmoth-plant quality interaction model is analyzed by numerical simulations to probe into motive laws.Detailed qualitative analysis of the model is carried out,including the boundness of solutions,a positive invariant set,the existence and stability of equilibrium.LBM population density varies with changes in plant quality resulting from parameters variations,LBM population oscillations rest on plant quality oscillations,and the bigger is amplitude of plant quality oscillations,the bigger is amplitude of LBM population density.The research adds to mathematical findings available.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the difference of clinical effects of acupoints selected based on meridian differen-tiation and conventional method for cervical spondylosis radiculopathy(CSR) treated with acupuncture and moxibustion.

METHODS
Sixty patients with CSR were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,30 cases in each one. Ashi points of the injured meridians in the neck,namely six-he points,were selected in the observation group,matched with luo-connecting points of the injured meridians on the same side and the interiorly-exteriorly correlated meridians on the opposite side. Conventional acupuncture was used on Fengchi(GB 20),Jiaji(EX-B 2) of the neck,Tianzhu(BL 10),Jianjing(GB 21),Houxi(SI 3),Hegu(LI 4) and Waiguan(TE 5) on the affected side in the control group. Treatment was given once every other day,three times a week and total 12 times in the two groups. Twenty subscales for CSR and visual analogue scale(VAS) were observed before and after treatment,and total effects were evaluated after treatment.

RESULTS
The effective rate of the observation group was 93.3%(28/30),which was better than 66.7%(20/30) of the control group(P<0.05). The scores of 20 subscales and VAS after treatment were all improved compared with those before treatment in the two groups(all P<0.01),with more apparent change in the observation group(both P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The effect of acupuncture and moxibustion based on meridian differentiation is obvious,and superior to that of conventional acupoints selection.


We consider range minimization problems featuring exponentially many variables, as frequently arising in fairness-oriented or bi-objective optimization. While branch-and-price is successful at solving cost-oriented problems with many variables, the performance of classical branch-and-price algorithms for range minimization is drastically impaired by weak linear programming relaxations. We propose range branching, a generic branching rule that directly tackles this issue and is compatible with any problem-specific branching scheme. We show several desirable properties of range branching and show its effectiveness on a series of fair capacitated vehicle routing instances. Range branching outperforms multiple classical branching schemes in terms of computing time, optimality gap, and size of the branch-and-bound tree, allowing us to solve many more large instances than classical methods.


e14024 Background: Choroid Plexus Carcinoma (CPC), a subtype of choroid plexus tumors (CPT), is a rare central nervous system neoplasm mostly affecting the pediatric population. The epidemiology of CPC is poorly understood due to the rarity of the disease. By analyzing the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we describe the demographic and social factors that influence the risk and current treatment of the cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis utilizing the 2018 National Cancer Database (NCDB) and included patients with Choroid Plexus Carcinoma with a histology-confirmed WHO grade III tumor, between ages 0-99 years (N = 202). Analysis was completed for the frequency of cases, types of treatment received, and overall survival within the pediatric population (age < 18 years, N = 139) and the adult population. Demographic factors were analyzed using Pearson Chi-squared tests, and survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: The majority of the cases analyzed were white (55.4%), male (54%), and pediatric patients (66.8%, mean age at diagnosis = 15.17 years) with an average Charlson-Deyo Score of 0.24. The mean age at diagnosis of the pediatric population was 2.34 years (min = less than 1 years old/diagnosed in utero, max = 16, std. deviation = 3.84) while the mean age at diagnosis of the adult population was 43.49 years (min = 18, max = 84, std. deviation = 18.23.) The most common primary site for CPC was malignant neoplasm of the cerebral ventricle (87.6%) followed by malignant neoplasm of the brain stem (5.9%). Surgical procedure of the primary site was performed in 92.6% of cases including local excision, subtotal resection, resection, radical resection, partial resection of a lobe of brain, lobectomy, and surgery NOS. Radiation was not used 71.3% of the time, but was more than three times as likely to be used in the adult population after surgery than in the pediatric population after surgery (44.4% vs 14.4%, p value < 0.001). Most patients received chemotherapy (53%) with the administration of chemotherapy higher in the cohort less than 18 years old (69.8% versus 15.9%, p value < 0.001). Multiagent chemotherapy was administered as the first course of therapy as the top chemotherapeutic choice (86%) especially among the pediatric population (88.6%) compared to the adult population (60%) Palliative care was not provided in any of the cases. There was no statistical significance difference between the general survival of CPC between the pediatric and adult population. Conclusions: Historically, CPC is known as a pediatric cancer, but this NCDB study suggests that the frequency of the adult population affected is not negligible (31.2%). There is a difference regarding the current treatment of CPC in the pediatric versus adult population. Further study is needed to determine the impact of treatment and the importance of socioeconomic factors on the survival of CPC.


The role of vitamin D in bone metabolism and associated pathology is well established. This paper is the first high-powered population study to demonstrate an inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and recent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Vitamin D levels were measured in 18 883 participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the USA and they were …


The intensity ratios between 3 → 2 emission lines in Ni XIX were measured on the Livermore electron beam ion trap (EBIT-I) with a flat-field grating spectrometer and the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray microcalo-rimeter. The results are consistent with earlier measurements of Fe XVII and other Ne-like ions at Livermore and confirm the problems in the atomic modeling of the direct collisional excitation for Ne-like systems.


Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been demonstrated remarkable progress on single image super-resolution. However, as the depth and width of the networks increase, CNN-based super-resolution methods have been faced with the challenges of computational complexity and memory consumption in practice. In order to solve the above questions, we propose a deep but compact convolutional network to directly reconstruct the high resolution image from the original low resolution image. In general, the proposed model consists of three parts, which are feature extraction block, stacked information distillation blocks and reconstruction block respectively. By combining an enhancement unit with a compression unit into a distillation block, the local long and short-path features can be effectively extracted. Specifically, the proposed enhancement unit mixes together two different types of features and the compression unit distills more useful information for the sequential blocks. In addition, the proposed network has the advantage of fast execution due to the comparatively few numbers of filters per layer and the use of group convolution. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art methods, especially in terms of time performance. Code is available at https://github.com/Zheng222/IDN-Caffe.


A model for analysis, adapted to double contrast technique, is presented which helps to detect extrinsic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. During retrospective evaluation of double contrast examinations of 73 patients this scheme enabled the correct diagnosis in 96%.


The author discusses the food served at high-end restaurants in New England, New York, and beyond in the midnineteenth century. Based on menus of the period, he looks at taste, cuisine, and the setting and rules of dining out, a new form of socializing in America.


Abstract In this research, we analyze the effect of lightweight syntactical feature extraction techniques from the field of information retrieval for log abstraction in information security. To this end, we evaluate three feature extraction techniques and three clustering algorithms on four different security datasets for anomaly detection. Results demonstrate that these techniques have a role to play for log abstraction in the form of extracting syntactic features which improves the identification of anomalous minority classes, specifically in homogeneous security datasets.


Ferromagnetic resonance study of the exchange coupled (Ga,Mn)As/ GaAs/(Ga,Mn)As heterostructures is reported. The measurements were performed on the series of samples with varying thicknesses d(GaAs) of nonmagnetic GaAs spacer, established d(GaAs)-dependent extent of weak and strong interlayer exchange coupling, judging on the observation of one or two ferromagnetic resonance modes.


Presents an iterative computation scheme for the numerical solution of a diffusion equation, and shows pipeline hardware architecture suitable for the scheme, using digital signal processors (DSPs). The scheme is explicit, and is based on an analytical solution and a Green function, which are obtained from the diffusion equation over a uniform flow (or velocity) field in a three-dimensional boundless region under arbitrary initial condition.


1. Introduction.- 2. Absorption of Laser Light.- 3. Heating by Laser Light.- 4. Melting and Solidification.- 5. Evaporation and Plasma Formation.- A. Appendix.- A.1 Selected Material Data.- A.2 Green's Functions for Solving the Heat-Flow Equation.- A.3 Numerical Solution of the Heat-Flow Equation.- A.4 Units and Symbols.- A.4.1 Constants.- A.4.2 Variables.- A.4.3 Subscripts.- References.


INTRODUCTION: Under the Orphan Regulation, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) intended to incentivize the research and development of new treatments for rare and life-threatening conditions. Marketing authorisation of orphan medicinal products (OMPs) by the EMA is only the first step, as medicines are made available to patients when reimbursement or Health Technology Assessment (HTA) decisions are implemented by national health systems. We analyzed the availability and access to OMPs in the United Kingdom (UK), France, Germany, Italy and Spain. We compared the availability, which is the possibility to prescribe a given OMP, to the access, which refers to the full or partial reimbursement by the public health service. METHODS: We collected data on launches, HTA decisions, any centralized commissioning and/or reimbursement decision for all the OMPs authorised since 2000 in the UK countries (England, Scotland and Wales), France, Germany, Italy and Spain. RESULTS: Since the Orphan Regulation inception, the EMA granted marketing authorization to 143 OMPs. These OMPs are most widely accessible in Germany and France. Reimbursement in Germany is immediate after authorization. France and Italy present a delay of 19 months from authorization to reimbursement, which is shorter than in other countries. In England, less than 50 percent of centrally authorised OMPs are routinely funded by the National Health Service (NHS), including one-third of these recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and those reimbursed via commissioning policies and the Cancer Drugs Fund. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of degree of access to OMPs across Europe is limited by differences in the national HTA and reimbursement systems and the heterogeneous information made publicly available on their decisions. Nonetheless, our study suggests that the primary purpose to grant equal availability to OMPs to the patients in the Eropean Union via the implementation of the orphan regulation was partially achieved with important variations of access observed across the countries included in our study.


This document defines a generic stateless command-line interface for
dealing with OpenPGP messages, known as "sop". It aims for a minimal,
well-structured API covering OpenPGP object security.


Abstract. We propose and experimentally demonstrate the superior performance of a 40-Gbps 16-quadrature amplitude modulation virtual single sideband (VSSB) direct detection optical frequency division multiplexing system with symbol predistortion to mitigate subcarriers-to-subcarriers beating interference. The VSSB signal is generated in the electronic domain by combining the baseband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals and sinusoidal waves without a frequency gap to maximize the electrical and optical spectral efficiencies. The results show that 5-dB optical signal to noise ratio sensitivity improvement is obtained by using symbol predistortion.


According to HJ-1 A/1B's characteristics,the presentations about satellite thermal design, development process and solved key problems are given in this article.What's more,analysis of the satellites on orbit was performed.Based on the telemetry data,it is shown that the thermal control design is reasonable which well satisfies the temperature requirements of the electronic equipments and optical payloads.


Healthcare employees were tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Among 734 employees, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 1.6%. Employees with heavy COVID-19 exposure had similar antibody prevalence as those with limited or no exposure. Guidelines for PPE use seem effective for preventing COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers.


Zika virus, a mosquito borne flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is a pathogen affecting humans. These vectors also transmit dengue and chikungunya virus and are found throughout much of the world, including parts of the United States. An estimated 80% of persons infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic. Microcephaly is the greater risk for the infant born from the Zika Virus infected pregnant mother. This virus also causes neurological syndromes. Zika virus disease can often be diagnosed by performing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on serum. Keywords: Zika Virus, Pregnancy, Microcephaly, Aedes aegypti mosquito, Brazil.


The vast depression in the east Tom-Kolyvan folded zone (West Siberia) has been identified by the geophysical data. The well which uncovered 4000 m deep profile of the Jurassic and Paleozoic deposits has been drilled. The relevance of the research is the oil\gas-bearing capacity evaluation of the discovered depression in this West Siberia area.


A method for manufacturing a capacitor embedded in a printed circuit board is provided to prevent a leakage current from being occurred by sequentially forming a dielectric layer and an upper electrode on a copper clad lamination substrate of which surface detects are removed. A method for manufacturing a capacitor embedded in a printed circuit board includes the steps of: preparing a copper clad lamination substrate(110) composed of a reinforcing material and a copper layer(112) stacked on both sides of the reinforcing material; cleaning and drying the copper clad lamination substrate(110) sequentially; smoothing a surface of the copper layer(112) of the copper clad lamination substrate(110); forming a dielectric layer(120) on the smoothed copper layer surface; and forming an upper electrode(130) on the dielectric layer(120). The smoothing step of the copper layer surface is performed through a mechanical polishing or an electro polishing process.


In the paper the author describes the institute of suspension from work in Republic of Srpska, which is applied in the cases of criminal or disciplinary proceedings against a civil servant, with an aim to protect the interests of the service during the course of criminal or disciplinary proceedings against the officer. Primarily through a review of legislation of Republic of Srpska, as well as through legal solutions in other countries and through a review of a standpoint of legal theory, the author separately analyzes the types of suspension from work of civil servants, the duration of suspension, the salary compensation for the period of suspension, and legal remedies against the decision on suspension from work. The author's conclusion is that this is a necessary legal institute, but he suggests, as a cumulative condition for suspension from work, a reasonable expectation that the civil servant could be imposed with the most severe punishment in the disciplinary proceedings - the termination of the employment in a civil service. It is also suggested that, by the amendments of law, the Civil Service Board of Appeal is enabled to decide on the existence of the decision on suspension during the entire disciplinary or criminal proceedings.


This study presents an innovative design of a microtab system for aerodynamic load control on horizontal-axis wind-turbine rotors. Microtabs are small devices located near the trailing edge of the rotor blades and enable a rapid increase or decrease of the lift force through deployment of the tabs on the pressure or suction side of the airfoil, respectively. The new system has been designed to replace an earlier linearly-actuated microtab mechanism whose performance was limited by space restrictions and stiction. The newly-designed microtab system is based on a four-bar linkage that overcomes the two drawbacks. Its improved kinematics allows for the tab height to increase from 1.0% to 1.7% of the airfoil chord when fully deployed, thereby making it more effective in terms of aerodynamic load control. Furthermore, the modified four-bar link mechanism provides a more robust and reliable mechanical structure.


At experimental modeling of diabetes mellitus type II in rats, ischemic and dystrophic processes develop in periodontal tissues. It leads to emergence of destructive-inflammatory processes in animals and one of their pathogenic factors is apoptosis activation and compensatory activation of angiogenesis as evidenced by 1.81 times increase of monoclone BAX and 2.89 times increase of VEGF. The pathological processes mentioned should be taken into account in the development of therapeutic and prophylactic complexes of accompanying orthopedic treatment for diabetes mellitus patients.


Serious mental illness (SMI) is defined generally as a major mental or behavioral disorder, causing substantial impairment in multiple areas of daily functioning. SMI affects about 4 to 8 percent of adults1-3 and includes disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder but not isolated substance abuse or developmental disorders. Individuals with SMI have shortened life expectancies relative to the general population to an extent that is not explained by suicide and accidents alone.4,5 This population experiences higher rates of morbidity from multiple general medical conditions, including diabetes6-8 and cardiovascular disease (CVD).9-11 Among patients using the public mental health system, heart disease was the leading cause of death.12 This excess of CVD-related mortality may be due to a number of factors, including direct effects of the illness, medications used to treat SMI, modifiable behavioral risk factors, and disparities in access and quality of health care.


1. Symbolism and regime change 2. Dissolution of the Soviet metanarrative 3. The leader's vision 4. The symbolism of the political arena 5. Russian identity in the public arena 6. Moscow: a material basis for post-Soviet identity? Conclusion: the difficulties of a post-Soviet narrative.


Abstract Problems encountered in public open space provision in the urban context are investigated through a case study of the Chicago metropolitan region. Correlation and regression analyses are utilized in an attempt to explain local public open space acreage levels in terms of readily available data. Park district directors, chief municipal executives, forest preserve and conservation district directors are surveyed and interviewed in order to gain more qualitative insights. Governmental regulations in general and funding allocation practices for the region are examined for any effect on provision levels. Basic impediments to public open land provision are identified, and several solution strategies are suggested.


As the title indicates, this paper addresses the issues of grammaticalization and ambiguity, and the relation between the two, in the case of the be to construction.As a verbal periphrasis devoid of any lexical element, only to be found in the simple present and simple preterite (*be to, *being to, *been to), and so very concise as to be labelled as "minimalist", be to raises several challenging questions, concerning its alledged closeness to passive constructions (such as be supposed to / be expected to), and its superficial morphological similarity with have to.The apparent absence of any marks of involvement on the speaker's part, together with the cognitive gap created by the lack of lexical basis, leave a vacuum on the semantic and pragmatic levels: could grammaticalization be linked with some strategy of concealment and implicit modality?


In this paper, we summarize recent progresses made in deep learning based acoustic models and the motivation and insights behind the surveyed techniques. We first discuss models such as recurrent neural networks U+0028 RNNs U+0029 and convolutional neural networks U+0028 CNNs U+0029 that can effectively exploit variablelength contextual information, and their various combination with other models. We then describe models that are optimized end-to-end and emphasize on feature representations learned jointly with the rest of the system, the connectionist temporal classification U+0028 CTC U+0029 criterion, and the attention-based sequenceto-sequence translation model. We further illustrate robustness issues in speech recognition systems, and discuss acoustic model adaptation, speech enhancement and separation, and robust training strategies. We also cover modeling techniques that lead to more efficient decoding and discuss possible future directions in acoustic model research.


In order to set up a method for analyzing strength of bent axle of emulsion pump,Fortran-based dynamics analysis model and finite element was applied to calculating dynamic load and section stress of bent axle of large-flow and high-pressure emulsion pump.On the basis of finite element calculation result,fatigue strength of bent axle was comprehensively evaluated.Dynamics calculation result was basically the same with that of finite element calculation,which proved reasonability of above method.


Vitamin A (retinol) and some of its derivatives are a group of fat-soluble compounds used in cosmetic products as bioactive ingredients. Therefore, it is necessary to perform the quality control of final product to ensure their efficacy and safety. A simple and rapid method to determine retinol, retinal, retinyl acetate, retinyl propionate and retinyl palmitate in cosmetics is presented here. The method is based on vortex and/or ultrasound-assisted leaching of the analytes in ethanol followed by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated. It has shown high levels of linearity, at least up to 100 µg mL−1; high precision with RSD values below 14% and high sensitivity with low MLODs ranging between 0.3 × 10−4 and 5.9 × 10−4 % w/w, which are enough to monitor these compounds in cosmetic products. The proposed method was successfully applied to seven commercial cosmetic samples to detect and quantify the target analytes, showing the method is suitable for its employment for quality control in cosmetic industries. Cosmetic samples were spiked at two levels of concentration and recovery values around 100% were obtained, showing no significant matrix effects and, therefore, external calibration was adequate for this determination.


BACKGROUND
Because the intensity of neuromuscular block at the diaphragm (DIA) is indirectly assessed, the electromyographic measurements of the DIA (DIA(EMG)) from surface electrodes were related to information provided by visual estimation of neuromuscular transmission at the adductor pollicis (AP) and the corrugator supercilii (CSC) during recovery from vecuronium block.

METHODS
Twelve adult patients were studied during balanced anaesthesia. After induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation without neuromuscular blocking agent, supramaximal stimulations were applied to phrenic, ulnar and facial nerves. During recovery from vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) an independent observer blinded to DIA(EMG) counted visually detectable train-of-four (TOF) at CSC (TOF(CSC)) and post-tetanic AP (PTC(AP)) responses. Times to recovery of PTC(AP) = 1, <or=5, <10 and >10, and TOF(CSC) = 1-4 responses were related to DIA(EMG). Values are means (sd).

RESULTS
Reappearance of the first response to PTC(AP) occurred significantly (P < 0.05) earlier and for a lower recovery of DIA(EMG) than that of TOF(CSC) [24 (8) min vs 33 (9) min, and 10 (10)% vs 25 (8)%, respectively]. With PTC(AP) <or= 5 response, DIA(EMG) recovery was 21 (11)%. Recovery of TOF(CSC) = 1 and 2 coincided with DIA(EMG) recovery of 25 (8)% and 47 (9)%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
PTC(AP) may better reflect early recovery of vecuronium-induced DIA paralysis than TOF(CSC). The findings suggested that PTC(AP) <or= 5 warranted deep neuromuscular block of the DIA.


Resilience is defined as individuals' healthy and constructive adjustment after they have experienced serious,traumatic,or catastrophic events.Research on resilience was stimulated by the development of positive psychology.For research purposes,resilience is usually considered from three perspectives: personality,process,and outcome.These three components are different facets of a virtually consistent construct.Several resilience scales have been developed by Western researchers,such as the Resilience Scale(RS),Resilience Scale for Adults(RSA),and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC).However,the validity of these scales was not supported when the scales were tested on Chinese samples(Yu Zhang,2007).Therefore,the aim of the present study is to develop a localized resilience scale specifically for Chinese adolescents.For intervention purposes,in our research,resilience was defined as a coping process,since neither personalities nor outcomes can be easily altered. We interviewed twenty-five middle school students who had undergone major negative life events but were still mentally well-adjusted.The interview was structured and included an investigation into the students' efforts in coping with adversity.Using content coding and stepwise coding,the information abstracted from the interviews was formulated into 100 items. Two hundred and eighty-three teenagers-including 126 males,146 females and 12 unclear-from both junior and senior high schools completed the 100-item scale.After item discrimination analysis,87 items were retained for exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation.Items with low or double loadings were deleted.The final scale included 27 items,classified into five factors: goal planning,help-seeking,family support,affect control,and positive thinking,which accounted for 52.4% of the total variance;each factor individually accounted for more than 5% of the variance.Cronbach's alpha coefficient of separate factor and total scale were all higher than 0.70.The discrimination of each item was greater than 0.30. The second sample included 420 middle school students,consisting of 191 males,209 females and 20 unclear.They completed the 27-item resilience scale and 2 relative scales.A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on this sample.The fit indexes met the psychometric requirements,χ2 = 787.85,df= 314,RMSEA = 0.07,and CFI = 0.92,which indicated that the five-factor structure of resilience was stable and achieved goodness of fit.Higher-order confirmatory factor analysis implied that goal planning,affect control,and positive thinking belong to a higher order factor called individual power,while help-seeking and family support belong to another factor called supportive power.The Resilience Scale(RS;Wagnild Young,1993) and the Quality of Life Scale for high school students(QLSH;Hu et al.,2002) were used as external criterion.The correlation coefficient with the RS was 0.53 and that with the QLSH was 0.49.No gender differences were found.The strategy of localization and the scope of application are also discussed in this study.


Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting 1-2% of the global population with no cure to date. PD is characterized by accumulation of Lewy Bodies (LBs), which are caused due to aggregation of incorrectly folded α-Synuclein, (SNCA). Another form of PD manifestation is characterized by loss of function of parkin, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Despite extensive research, the cause for onset and progression of PD remains unknown and current therapeutics mainly help manage the disease. An alternative line of treatment can be useful. In this study, we have employed two different genetic models of Drosophila to screen for Ayurvedic compounds and found an Ayurvedic mercury based organo-metallic drug Ras-Sindoor has neuroprotective function. Our data indicate that characteristic locomotory dysfunction phenotype of PD is restored upon administration of the compound. Interestingly, RS fed flies also exhibit reduced transcript levels of initiator caspase dronc, which possibly prevents cell death in dopaminergic neurons. Additionally, RS fed PD model flies exhibit an enhanced life span. Our studies emphasize beneficial use of traditional Ayurvedic compounds as a holistic cure for PD like multifactorial diseases.


Cells of Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 present a limonene epoxide hydrolase activity when grown on terpenes, which enables them to convert cis-limonene-1,2-epoxide to limonene-1, 2-diol. Trans-limonene-1,2-epoxide is only converted when no cis is present. An organic/aqueous system was developed to overcome the low solubility and instability of limonene-1,2-epoxide in the aqueous phase. The presence of the organic solvent allowed high epoxide concentrations to be used which resulted in high limonene-1,2-diol production rates. Relatively cheap solvents were tested without any significant loss of epoxide hydrolase activity. Using a 500 ml fed-batch mechanically stirred reactor it was possible to produce 197.2 g of diol per g of protein and to obtain a yield of 98.2% and 67.9% for the trans-epoxide and the diol, respectively. Production of 72.4 g of diol per g of protein was obtained using a magnetically stirred reactor with an external loop for product separation. In this case, trans-epoxide and diol yields were 98.5% and 94.1%, respectively. A downstream process, based both on the preference of the substrate for organic solvents and that of the product for the aqueous phase, allowed the recovery of limonene- 1,2-diol, as well as of the trans-epoxide, with a purity higher than 99%.


A successful research career often includes a little serendipity as well as dedicated pursuit of a hypothesis, according to Andrew J. Fischer, PhD.


Measurement of faecal steroids as a non-invasive technique is widely used to monitor reproductive hormones in captive and free-ranging wild animals. This method offers a great advantage over invasive techniques like blood collection and deserves to be used in domestic animals. Repeated blood sampling is stressful, having animal welfare issues, difficult to obtain in field condition. In the faeces of cow, estradiol 17-α predominated, whereas in mares and sows, estradiol 17-β and estrone are main estrogens. Steroids are metabolized in liver, excreted in faeces and extraction is done by using a variety of methods such as ethanol, methanol etc. Faecal estrogen and progesterone metabolites evaluations are wel1 established approaches for monitoring of reproductive functions in a variety of mammalian species. So in future this method may be the most suitable for monitoring of reproductive status in farm animals particularly under field conditions.


The output of gravitational-wave interferometers, such as LIGO and Virgo, can be highly non-stationary. Broadband detector noise can affect the detector sensitivity on the order of tens of seconds. Gravitational-wave transient searches, such as those for colliding black holes, estimate this noise in order to identify gravitational-wave events. During times of non-stationarity we see a higher rate of false events being reported. To accurately separate signal from noise, it is imperative to incorporate the changing detector state into gravitational-wave searches. We develop a new statistic which estimates the variation of the interferometric detector noise. We use this statistic to re-rank candidate events identified during LIGO–Virgo's second observing run by the PyCBC search pipeline. This results in a 5% improvement in the sensitivity volume for low mass binaries, particularly binary neutron stars mergers.


A method for the determination of arsenic in a complicated sample matrix by Zeeman effect electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using tungsten and sodium nitrate as matrix modifiers was developed. The determination of arsenic in SRM C2416 (Bullet Lead) and SRM 2710 (Montana Soil) by ETAAS using a mixture of palladium and magnesium nitrate as a matrix modifier failed to obtain the certified concentrations at the 95% level of confidence using the t-test. Both tungsten and sodium nitrate as matrix modifiers stabilized arsenic so that the certified concentrations of the SRMs were determined with high accuracy and precision (RSD   0.999), with low detection and quantification limits, were obtained in the calibration range 20–100 µg L−1. Sample matrix interferences
can be eliminated by increasing the pyrolysis temperature to 1400 °C with tungsten and to 1500 °C with sodium nitrate matrix modification. The standard additions method was also carried out in the case of SRM C2416 in order to check the linear relationship between integrated absorbance and concentration for the calibration range used. The new method was utilized for the analysis of shotgun pellets.


The invention provides a data card and a data processing and transmission method thereof; wherein, the data card comprises a receiving module, a signal transforming module, a network processing module and a sending module; the receiving module is used for receiving a first data message sent by a terminal device; the signal transforming module is used for generating a second data message after making format conversion to the first data message and sending the second data message to an external network, receiving a third data message sent by the external network according to the second data message and generating a fourth data message after making format conversion to the third data message; the network processing module is used for filtering and matching the fourth data message, and if the matching is successful, a fifth data message is generated; the sending module is used for sending the fifth data message to the terminal device. The scheme causes the data message through the data card to be filtered, which ensures the security of the data flowing into the terminal device.


When used simultaneously, the benefits of ground-based telescopes (e.g., large aperture) and space-based telescopes (e.g., PSF stability) can be combined to uniquely exploit their respective capabilities. Today the largest space based aperture for an optical/infrared telescope is the 2.5 meter primary of HST; while, on the ground we have the 8-10 meter filled aperture telescopes. Will this factor of 3-4 difference continue? It seems so. When it launches in 2019 the 6.5 meter JWST will find itself, like its predecessor HST, also in the company of ground-based apertures approximately 3-4 times greater in diameter. In particular, LBT with its existing 23 meter Fizeau imaging capability, and 5 to 10 years down the road the 26-39 meter filled-aperture next generation telescopes. What does a factor of 3-4 mean in terms of angular resolution? Although an 8-10 meter ground based telescope can deliver images with a factor-of-two better resolution than HST at K-band, it becomes a wash at J-band.2 While in the visible HST stays well ahead of todays visible AO systems on ground-based telescopes. But even at longer wavelengths, where ground-based telescopes come out ahead in angular resolution, the PSF stability achieved in space trumps resolution for some programs (e.g., photometry). We will focus on a study of volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io. Volcanoes have already been observed at the high spatial resolution achievable with a 23-meter aperture, 32 mas or 100km on Io, but unfortunately with photometric measurements which are good to only approx 10%.1 We will show how, by observing Io with LBTI Fizeau contemporaneously with JWST, the exquisite photometry delivered from space (approx. 1%) can be realized in the higher resolution, ground based observations.


A one-dimensional many-electron system with a repulsive \ensuremath{\delta}-function interaction is studied by the application of the variational method developed in the preceding paper [Takada and Kita, Phys. Rev. A 42, 3242 (1990)] in order to illustrate its actual implementation. Our results on the grand potential, the entropy, and the specific heat are compared in detail with the exact ones that are calculated by the numerical solution of the coupled integral equations obtained by the Bethe ansatz.


The invention provides a vegetable leavening agent and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly preparing four strains, i.e., Leuconostoc mesenteroides, lactobacillus plantarum, lactococcus lactis and Rhodosporidium diobovatum, to produce leavening agents, wherein the viable count of the leavening agent produced from each of the strains is no less than 10 /ml; subjecting the leavening agents produced from the four strains to freeze-drying; and then weighing, on the basis of the weight of freeze-dried strain powder, 3 to 5 parts of the component A Leuconostoc mesenteroides powder, 2 to 3 parts of the component B lactobacillus plantarum powder, 2 to 3 parts of the component C lactococcus lactis powder and 1 to 2 parts of the component D Rhodosporidium diobovatum powder and carrying out complete mixing and vacuum packaging so as to obtain the vegetable leavening agent which can be used for production of fermented vegetable, wherein the addition amount of the freeze-dried powder of the vegetable leavening agent accounts for 0.02% of the weight of fresh vegetable.


ABSTRACT Teachers are playing crucial roles in the implementation of formative assessment, which has been widely recognised as a valuable strategy in enhancing students' learning outcomes. However, systematic analysis on factors that might facilitate or hinder teachers' intentions and implementations regarding formative assessment is scarce. This review covers 52 eligible studies and identifies factors, which have been categorised into personal and contextual factors, that influence teachers' intentions and implementations regarding formative assessment. The results of this review may benefit researchers, school leaders, and policy makers when they aspire to facilitate the implementation of formative assessment.


ATC Library's newest bookclub-- we're reading The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. Answer discussion questions & talk: the conversation starts here!


Much of the literature on service-learning discusses issues related to faculty, students, and community partners. However, there is little research on issues related to academic staff. In this project, through a series of meetings and workshops, change lab methodology was used to analyze the barriers to staff members' involvement in service-learning, and intracollegiate collaboration supported their increased involvement in community-engaged curricula. A series of designed-research processes was utilized to create new artifacts, to mediate and foster a drive toward mutual engagement in the agential-structural relationship, to encourage staff members to engage in reflective practice, and to enable staff to empower themselves. After witnessing the real-life needs of a rural community and empowered through collaboration and professional development, academic staff devoted time to working with teachers, students, and community, further transforming themselves from a mostly administrative support role to that of researcher.


The residual stresses due to high-temperature processing in micromultilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with various thicknesses and numbers of dielectric ceramic layers were investigated by using a three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element model with temperature-dependent material properties taken into account. For comparison, an explicit analytical solution for the in-plane residual stress in the dielectric ceramic layer was derived. Both the numerical results and the analytical model showed that the thickness ratio of the dielectric layer to electrode layer has a dominant impact on the residual stress states. There exists a critical thickness for the dielectric ceramic layer in MLCCs in the case of a given thickness of the electrode layer, below which both high tensile out-of-plane stresses and high compressive in-plane stresses could cause the cracking of the brittle dielectric layers near the electrode tips and/or the debonding of the electrode/dielectric interface.


Water deficits are increasingly perceived as a threat to future global prosperity. Given current projections of population growth and economic development, the pressure over the water resource base coming from human abstraction would continue to expand including in regions currently dealing with water scarcity. The aim of this thesis is to determine the implications of demand-driven water deficits for economic development and food security by accounting for three major factors influencing future water demand – income, population and climate change. The first main contribution of this thesis consists in the advance of the current state-of-the-art in the macroeconomic modelling of freshwater use and the endogenous mechanisms of adaptation to water scarcity. The second contribution is the development of knowledge regarding the sector-specific impacts of water scarcity under different water allocation regimes. The analyses are carried out through a global Computable General Equilibrium model (RESCU-Water) which considers the heterogeneity of water uses across the economy. Due to the importance of irrigation in global withdrawals, an emphasis is made on crop systems through a bottom-up representation of irrigated and rainfed crop production. The findings show that the aggregate economic effects of water scarcity highly depend on the choice of the water allocation method, with important trade-offs between food security and GDP impacts. Next, although the demand for irrigation water is slowing down in the next decades, any water allocation regime based on differences in sectoral water productivities will have a significant impact on crop production notably on staple crops. In this context, the demand-driven water deficits become an additional constraint for crop systems and further amplify the negative effects of climate change on crop output.


Summary form only given, as follows. The industry sale of vacuum electron devices worldwide during 1999 was approximately $488M. The share of this in the crossed-field device (CFD) industry was about $105M, or 21%. The US industry sale of vacuum electron devices during the same time was around $251M with approximately $34M, or 14%, in the CFD industry. There are currently two dominant manufacturers of CFDs in the US and one additional dominant company in the world market. The US industrial sales trend in the recent past for CFDs has been a downward slope. This presentation identifies two concerns facing the US CFD industry and probably the world wide industry: (1) A large number of different organizations (especially in the US Department of Defense) that purchase CFDs, and (2) the limited vertical integration into microwave systems houses by the CFD industry. Both of these concerns are discussed and some suggestions for the industry presented.


The complex piezoelectric, dielectric, and elastic constants of oriented poly(γ-methyl L-glu-tamate) (PMLG) films, treated with ethylene diamine to introduce more hydrophilic groups into the side chains, are changed drastically by hydration. In dynamic mechanical measurements below 0°C, stiffening and plasticizing actions of bound water are observed in hydrated films. This seems to be caused by water bound particularly by the hydrophilic −NH2 groups in the noncrystalline region of the modified PMLG structure. The piezoelectric constant of hydrated modified film exhibits a steep increase beginning at about −50°C and passes through a maximum at about −10°C. The steep increase around −50°C may be caused mainly by increasing electric conduction (and also by the increase of the dielectric constant and the decrease of the elastic constant) in the noncrystalline region of the modified PMLG structure. On the other hand, the decrease above −10°C may be caused by increasing electric conduction, probably surface conduction of the dispersed crystalline (i.e., piezoelectric) regions and electrode polarization. These effects may be enhanced by bound water, particularly around the hydrophilic −NH2, groups.


To understand the dynamics of airborne particulate intrusion into a space telescope, a mechanistic model based on mass balance was developed to predict the extent to which ambient particles penetrate through vent holes and enter the interiors after the purge is off. This work describes the mathematical modeling analysis, supplementing with results from laboratory measurements using a cylindrical chamber as a simulated space telescope. It was found that the characteristic time for airborne particles to reach a saturation level, after the purge is off, can be characterized by the air exchange rate and particle deposition rate inside the confined space volume. The air exchange rate, measured using a tracer gas technique, is associated with the natural convection and air flow turbulence intensity adjacent to the chamber. During the purge outage, the steady-state airborne particle concentration inside the space telescope is governed by the ambient particle concentration, air exchange rate, and particle deposition rate.


Magnetized water is the water magnetized by a magnetic field.It has various magical performances,which is applied widely in industry,agriculture,medicine and other fields.This article has a research on characteristic of magnetized water,which points some new direction of non-metallic mineral processing in different characteristic from the tap water.


A simple, sensitive and accurate liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed and validated for determination of Tofacitinib in human plasma. The method was developed on Agilent Zorbax SB-C8 150×4.6 mm, 5 µm column using 10mM ammonium formate: acetonitrile (40:60 v/v) mobile phase for Chromatographic separation of Tofacitinib. The Tofacitinib and Tofacitinib- C3 were monitored by electrospray ionization in positive ion multiple reactions monitoring mode to detect the Tofacitinib at mass/charge 313.200/149.200 and Tofacitinib-13C3 (Internal Standard) at 316.500/149.200. Liquid-liquid extraction was employed in the extraction of analytes from human plasma. Both drug and internal standards were stable in plasma samples. The proposed method was validated as per international council of harmonization guidelines over a linear concentration range of 0.2ng/mL to 100.0ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of ≥ 0.9983. Bioavailability and Bioequivalence studies of tofacitinib in biological samples can be achieved by analyzing them using the validated developed method. This study plays a key role in determining routine therapeutic drug monitoring of tofacitinib drug.


The invention relates to a multitrack even overlapping laser cladding repair method for unequal width damage parts. For metal damage parts with the damage groove widths being changed gradually, a contourgraph is used for scanning a changing curve of the damage groove widths first, reasonable laser cladding track numbers and laser spot overlapping rates are selected according to the change range of the groove widths and laser spot diameters, and other parameters are kept unchanged; by controlling the sizes of laser spots to be changed along with the change of the damage groove widths, the numbers of laser cladding fusing tracks at the positions of different widths of grooves are the same, and the overlapping rates of laser cladding at the positions of different widths of the grooves are the same. By the adoption of the method, multitrack even overlapping laser cladding repair can be conducted on the unequal width damage parts, and the defect that tissue and property distribution of the unequal width damage parts is uneven due to different laser cladding fusing track numbers and uneven overlapping is effectively overcome.


We study the consequences of nonzero neutrino masses for black holes evaporating by the emission of Hawking radiation. We find that the evolution of small, hot, black holes may be unaffected (if neutrinos are Majorana particles) or may show an increase in neutrino luminosity and a decrease in lifetime by up to a factor of 1.85 (if neutrinos are Dirac particles). However, for sufficiently large (e.g., stellar mass) black holes, neutrino emission is largely or entirely suppressed, resulting in a decrease in emitted power and an increase in lifetime by up to a factor of 7.5.


System backup can't be a good solution without planning. Secure data backup planning will prevent more data loss. The Comprehensive Exam is a system to conduct a comprehensive exam and test score management, which is also carried out with the Computer-Based Test. The two systems are connected, these are running with a data-based application programming interface (API) synchronization on two different servers. Two servers running simultaneously with the synchronized API. Special methods of solving this problem are needed to back up supported information systems and computer-based tests. Disaster Recovery is a term for recovery and resumption. A disaster recovery plan is a plan to improve information technology (IT) infrastructure from other disasters that endanger the information infrastructure. One method of recovering business processes is to restore the data backup itself. Data backup is one of the important elements, the data backup method will be applied is the disk mirroring method, which is making a permanent backup from the main data center, data backup will be provided a real-time backup using the Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD) concept. In our research concluded automatically synchronizes implementation backup data using the DRBD concept.


Objectives: 1) Apply Design Thinking methodology to create an innovative national program for newborn hearing screening (NHS) in Peru. 2) Collaborate with Peruvian Ministry of Health to optimize implementation of a newly mandated national NHS program. 3) Provide a model for expanding NHS throughout the developing world. Methods: Descriptive study with focus groups and guided interviews. Design Thinking is a human-centered approach to interdisciplinary problem solving that tackles complex problems with many stakeholders. Insight is gained through immersion, observation, and engagement. Study dates: June-December 2012. Condition studied: Permanent congenital hearing loss. Subjects: Stakeholders involved in NHS. Policy-makers: officials, politicians, academic physicians. Providers: audiologists, pediatricians, otolaryngologists, health workers. Recipients: neonates, mothers, hearing-impaired children and families. Field sites included community clinics, tertiary care hospitals, ministry of health offices, schools for the deaf, audiology offices, and patient homes. Results: Interviewed 105 individual stakeholders at 14 sites. Data were captured in logbooks, photography, and video. Data obtained from this work were applied in the following ways: creation of a needs assessment tool for use in Peruvian hospitals to facilitate implementation of NHS; inclusion of NHS data in Peru's national electronic medical record; development of educational resources, both online and classroom-based for providers of NHS. Conclusions: This work represents the first application of Design Thinking to innovate in health policy at a national level. Through publication of these methods, the authors hope to empower providers throughout the developing world to broaden access to NHS.


Deploying NMT models on mobile devices is essential for privacy, low latency, and offline scenarios. For high model capacity, NMT models are rather large. Running these models on devices is challenging with limited storage, memory, computation, and power consumption. Existing work either only focuses on a single metric such as FLOPs or general engine which is not good at auto-regressive decoding. In this paper, we present MobileNMT, a system that can translate in 15MB and 30ms on devices. We propose a series of principles for model compression when combined with quantization. Further, we implement an engine that is friendly to INT8 and decoding. With the co-design of model and engine, compared with the existing system, we speed up 47.0x and save 99.5% of memory with only 11.6% loss of BLEU. Our code will be publicly available after the anonymity period.


This paper demonstrates a heterogeneous integration of solid state lighting (SSL) module, including light source (LED) and driver/control components. Such integration has been realized by the polymer-based reconfigured wafer level package technologies and such structure has been prototyped and tested. The structure design, thermal design consideration, material selection & process technologies, and mechanical challenges will be also described in this paper.


Look Ma! No Network!: PCA of Gabor Filters Models the Development of Face Discrimination Lingyun Zhang and Garrison W. Cottrell lingyun,email@example.com UCSD Computer Science and Engineering 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0114 USA Abstract In previous work, we modeled Mondloch's behav- ioral data [Mondloch et al., 2002] on adult face dis- crimination [Zhang and Cottrell, 2004]. We found that our standard model [Dailey and Cottrell, 1999, Dailey et al., 2002] was overly holistic and that by adding local feature processing we could qualitatively match the human data. However, further investigation has lead us to reconsider our conclusions. In particu- lar, we have found that the form of the Gabor filters we used were not biologically realistic, in that the spatial frequency range was overly limited. In this paper, we show that biologically realistic Gabor filters allow us to match the adult data using only the first two processing steps of our model. No neural network is necessary. In addition, we find that we can also model the develop- mental data qualitatively using a very simple manipu- lation of this preprocessing, i.e., how many people the model knows, and how many principal components it uses to represent the data. These two variables are suf- ficient to account for the slower development of configu- ral processing compared to featural processing, and how the child's performance improves with age. Introduction We have developed a model of visual categorization that accounts for a number of important phenomena in face and object processing and visual expertise [Dailey and Cottrell, 1999, Cottrell et al., 2002, Dailey et al., 2002, Joyce and Cottrell, 2004, Tran et al., 2004, Tong et al., 2005]. Here, we investigate the model's ability to ac- count for human sensitivity to variations in faces that are considered theoretically important for face identifi- cation. Face processing is typically described as holis- tic or configural. Holistic processing is typically taken to mean that the context of the whole face has an im- portant contribution to processing the parts: subjects have difficulty recognizing parts of the face in isolation, and subjects have difficulty ignoring parts of the face when making judgments about another part. Configural processing means that subjects are sensitive to the re- lationships between the parts, e.g., the spacing between the eyes. Holistic processing can easily be captured by a model that uses whole-face template-like representations as ours does: interference from incongruent halves of a face occurs when making judgments about a different part (e.g, expression on top when a different expression is on bottom [Cottrell et al., 2002]). However, configu- ral effects related to spacing information are attenuated by the alignment procedure that we typically use, which warps the image so the eyes and mouth are always in the same three positions. Diamond and Carey [Diamond and Carey, 1986] were among the first to discriminate between the types of processing involved in face/object perception and recog- nition. Based on studies looking at the inversion ef- fect to faces, landscapes and dogs in both dog novices and dog experts, they proposed that first-order rela- tional information, which consists of the coarse spa- tial relationships between the parts of an object (i.e. eyes are above the nose), is sufficient to recognize most objects. By contrast, second-order relational informa- tion, which is needed for face recognition and recogni- tion of individuals within categories of expertise, is re- served for visually homogeneous categories where slight differences in configuration must be used to distinguish between individuals (e.g. a slight change in the dis- tance between the eyes and the nose). Diamond and Carey [Diamond and Carey, 1986] suggest that experi- ence allows people to develop a fine-tuned prototype and to become sensitive to second-order differences between that prototype and new members of that category (e.g. new faces). One implication of the Diamond and Carey study is that the inversion effect (a large reduction in same/different performance on inverted faces, com- pared to inverted objects) is based on a relative re- liance on second-order relational information, and that perhaps this characteristic distinguishes face/expert- level processing from regular object recognition. Farah et al. [Farah et al., 1995] found that encouraging part-based processing eliminated the inversion effect, whereas allowing/encouraging non-part-based process- ing resulted in a robust inversion effect. Thus Farah et al. conclude that the inversion effect, in faces and other types of stimuli, is associated with holistic pattern perception. However, this emphasis on holistic and configural pro- cessing has led to less consideration of the obvious fact that subjects are also quite sensitive to changes in the features themselves – substitutions of different eyes or mouths can make the face look quite different. The Thatcher illusion [Thompson, 1980] suggests that parts are processed somewhat independently, and only loosely connected to the representation of the whole face. A study by Mondloch et al. (2002) that varied these dif- ferent aspects of a face (configuration, feature changes,


We generalize the semiclassical model of the dipole nanolaser (DNL) based on the Heisenberg–Langevin approach, taking into account spontaneous emission of plasmons into the generation mode, nonlinearity of generation, and noises. We find a "thresholdless" smooth transition from the spontaneous emission to the stimulated emission and the threshold conditions for such a transition and determine the spectrum of generation and its linewidth. We show that, in spite of the very low quality of the DNL generation mode, the linewidth of a DNL with many M ∼ 10 − 10 emitters decreases, with the pump increase, to quite small values ∼ 10−2 of the width 2Γ2 of the lasing transition at modest pump rates, about 30 times larger that the decay rate of the emitter upper lasing state. This fact confirms the practical possibilities of realizing DNLs with narrow-line stimulated emission. Otherwise, the linewidth of DNLs with small M ∼ 1 number of emitters is larger than 2Γ2 and increases with the pump rate. In addition our results on DNLs can be applied to other lasers, such as nanolasers, microlasers, and LEDs for lighting, also with a low-quality cavity and strong spontaneous emission into the generation mode.


Worldwide there is an increase in demand for clean and renewable energy due to exacerbating climate conditions globally and increasing energy crisis in developing countries. To solve this problem Pakistan needs to adopt renewable energy technologies, while solar collectors are one of the most prominent solar technology. Collectors are normally attached to a water storage tank by means of a helical coil-based heat exchanger. Our research is to find the factors which affect the performance of helical coil-based heat exchangers. In our research, a vertical helical coiled-based water tank is modeled and validated with the experimental setup. The numerical model showed results with good accuracy having a percentage error of 4.93%, for the temperature of heat transfer fluid (HTF), at the outlet of the coil. Furthermore, by considering the validated model as a baseline model, a variety of geometric models were created by changing different geometric parameters of the coil and simulated further on varying flow rates to study the impact of different parameters on the inner heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of the helical coil. It was deduced, that the HTC decreases with the increase in diameter of the pipe and rises with the increase in length of the pipe. However, the pitch of the coil did not portray any significant role to predict the trend of the heat transfer coefficient. Lastly, the heat transfer coefficient also showed an increasing trend with the increase in curvature ratio of the coil, as it is also a significant parameter in determining the hydrodynamic nature of the flow.


In the case of Landsat Multispectral Scanner System (MSS) data, ambiguities in spectral signature can arise in urban areas. A study was initiated in the belief that Seasat digital SAR could help provide the spectral separability needed for a more accurate urban land use classification. A description is presented of the results of land use classifications performed on Landsat and preprocessed Seasat imagery that were registered to a common map base. The process of registering imagery and training site boundary coordinates to a common map has been reported by Clark (1980). It is found that preprocessed Seasat imagery provides signatures for urban land uses which are spectrally separable from Landsat signatures. This development appears to significantly improve land use classifications in an urban setting for class 12 (Commercial and Services), class 13 (Industrial), and class 14 (Transportation, Communications, and Utilities).


In Reply. —We cannot understand why Dr Prentice wishes only to dichotomize fat intake into below and above the median, which minimizes the contrast in intake. When the highest categories of fat intake (quintiles except in the study by Howe et al) are compared with the lowest categories, the relative risks were 0.90 in our study (1439 cases), 1.30 in the study by Howe et al (519 cases), and 1.13 in the study by Kushi et al (468 cases). Moreover, two additional large prospective studies have been published subsequent to ours; the corresponding relative risks were 1.08 in the study by van den Brandt et al 1 with 471 cases and 0.99 in the study by Graham et al 2 with 359 cases. Thus, the prospective studies clearly provide an overall association that is very close to the null value of 1.0 and substantially different from the pooled results from


Federal judges are appointed to life terms and may work in either trial or appellate courts. Although they have tenure for life, federal judges may still be removed from office at any time for cause. This entry outlines the duties performed by different types of federal judges, the judicial selection and appointment process, and the method by which a federal judge may be removed from office.

Keywords:

court;
democracy;
ethics;
law;
legal history;
rule of law


Desert Research and Technology Studies (Desert RATS) is a multi-year series of hardware and operations tests carried out annually in the high desert of Arizona in the San Francisco Volcanic Field. Conducted since 1997, these activities are designed to exercise planetary surface hardware and operations in conditions where multi-day tests are achievable. Desert RATS 2011 Science Operations Test simulated the management of crewed science operations at targets that were beyond the light delay time experienced during Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) and lunar surface missions, such as a mission to a Near-Earth Object (NEO) or the martian surface. Operations at targets at these distances are likely to be the norm as humans move out of the Earth-Moon system. Operating at these distances places significant challenges on mission operations, as the imposed light-delay time makes normal, two-way conversations extremely inefficient. Consequently, the operations approach for space missions that has been exercised during the first half-century of human space operations is no longer viable, and new approaches must be devised.


With the existence of a high groundwater level, the head difference between the inside and outside of an excavation may lead to the loss of stability of the excavation's surface. Hence, a fundamental understanding of this occurrence is important for the design and construction of water-retaining structures. In some cases, the failure mechanism cannot be predicted exactly because of its mechanical complexity as well as a major lack of protection systems and not adopting effective countermeasures against this phenomenon. The article took a tranche from an 80 km long open sewer located in the Ruhr area, Germany as an example to establish a hydro-geological model and analyse the instability of the excavation base surface caused by the groundwater flow at 45m deep and to present the effectivity of an adopted drainage system inside the excavation pit as 39 columns of sand to relax the pore water pressure. By using the Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis, the failure mechanism was investigated before applying any countermeasures, and the total length of the adopted countermeasure system was minimised. Also, various position tests were performed on the adopted drainage system to confirm the optimised position. The results of this numerical study allowed the deduction of the importance of the used drainage system by achieving 44% more in the excavating process. After achieving the required excavation depth, a further increase of the sand columns' penetration may be considered non-economic because, after adding extra depth, all the situations have the same safety factor. In addition, this can provide a reference for the optimised position of the sand columns where they must be applied right by the wall and limited by a critical distance, D/2, half of the embedded depth of the wall.


We present a platform for the controlled patterning of nano-objects such as gold colloids in the micron and nanorange. We are separating the lithography step from the subsequent functionalization. This has many advantages among them the independence of the linkage chemistry and the lithography process and the possibility to position individual nano-objects. The lithography step is extreme UV interference lithography in the nanorange and standard photolithography in the micron range. As a proof of concept, micro and nanopatterns of single-stranded DNAs are created in an inert background of PLL-g-PEG. The DNA patterns are converted to arrays of DNA-tagged gold colloids by directed self-assembly using the specificity of DNA hybridization. Especially nanoline arrays of gold colloids have the potential to serve as e.g. nanowires for electrical label-free biosensing. In addition, we also present the characterization of the adsorption kinetics of 20 nm DNA-tagged gold colloids via SPR.


Inductively coupled plasma was first used to dry etch of InSb thin film. The electron temperature and ion density were diagnosed in the plasma dry etching experimental application by a Langmuir single probe. The rules of the electron temperature and ion density varying with air pressure, radio frquency and axes position were obtained. When RF power was 200 W, the maximal plasma density was 6.717 0×10~(10) cm~(-3) near the wafer. InSb thin film was etched by CCl_2F_2plasma. The ratio of width and depth was 5.


Due to the increase in industrialization, climate change, and urbanization, the quality of drinking water is declining day by day. Fluoride levels in drinking water have seen a remarkable increase in several places across the world in the last decade. The accumulation of fluoride in an aqueous environment is caused by both natural as well as anthropogenic sources. The main concern regarding fluoride contamination is dental and bones related issues. According to WHO guidelines, the permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg/L. Fluoride contamination causes a detrimental effect on the health of the people. This article highlights the distribution of fluoride in India, as well as the many routes by which it enters the human body and probable fluoride metabolism inside the body. The numerous strategies used to remediate fluoride from water, like precipitation/coagulation, ion exchange, membrane separation, electro-separation, and adsorption are elaborated. Amongst these techniques, adsorption is one of the best-optimized techniques involving sustainable materials like biochars, which are cost-effective, highly efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbents.


Using the Cobra probe, the flow around the single three-dimensional square cylinder was tested in wind tunnel, and the effects of cylinders on disturbed flow were discussed. The mean wind loads distributions on cylinder were studied with rigid model pressure testing in uniform flow. As the main concern, the interference effects of double 3D square cylinders were described based on the comparison of wind pressure distributions on interference cylinder and single cylinder, and the relationship between flow characteristics and wind pressure distribution was discussed to prove the feasibility of revealing the interference effects by the flow around the single 3D square cylinders. The results presented in this paper can be used for accessory structure design, evaluations of pedestrian level winds and square-section high-rise building design.


Michael Patrick O'Connor's work Hebrew Verse Structure appeared in 1980; its reissue in 1997, with a thirty-two-page "Afterword," is an occasion both for gratitude and for a fresh assessment.1 The work was favorably reviewed at the time of its first appearance,2 and its system of analysis has been adopted by several other scholars.3 Both Wilfred Watson and Adele Berlin, in their works on OT poetry, describe O'Connor's analysis;4 unfortunately the former scholar, though he sets forth O'Connor's system, has two or three details wrong.5 I myself am convinced that O'Connor has really solved the nagging ques-


In the waste water treatment, especially in the removal of textile dyes from aqueous media, it is known that photocatalytic oxidation technique has tremendous advantages compared to conventional techniques, such as quick oxidation, prevention of polycyclic end products, and oxidation of organic species even at μg/L concentrations. Heterogeneous photocatalysis consisting semiconductor oxides such as TiO2 has been effectively implemented in aqueous media. However, problems such as catalyst separation and catalyst recovery are encountered when powder catalysts are used. Meanwhile, the fixation of oxides by any method reduces the catalytic effıciency. In this study, nanoparticles (10-100 nm) as heterogeneous catalysts were synthesized and then immobilized onto cross-linked polymer carriers that are able to swell in aqueous media in order to increase photocatalytic activity to the highest level. It has been seen that the removal of textile dyes is possible by means of nanoparticles immobilized onto cross-linked polymer carriers. The performance of photocatalyst was evaluated in the removal of reactive textile dye (Acid Red 14) from aqueous media.


The paper considers possibilities of sensitising students to sociocultural peculiarities of expressing politeness in the foreign language lessons. According to the theory proposed by Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson, politeness is based on the key human needs to maintain personal dignity and protect personal space. This allows us to talk about politeness as a universal category. However, universal ways of expressing politeness that are applicable to different cultures do not exist. In fact, comparative research shows that each culture has a specific set of verbal and nonverbal tools for expressing politeness. The results of this research proves that the category should be discussed in the foreign language lessons in the institutions of higher education. It is crucial that students understand that politeness is a complex system of nationally specific strategies that are aimed at harmonious communication without any conflicts. Therefore we have to draw students' attention not only to grammatical means for expressing politeness in the native and foreign languages, but to demonstrate influence of linguocultural and sociocultural factors on realization of politeness during the cross-cultural communication. Furthermore, we have to show how differences in interpretation of means for expressing politeness by representatives of different cultures cause misunderstandings in communication. Tools for sensitising students to manifests of politeness categories in the cross-cultural communication are formulated. These tools are incorporated in corresponding exercises. The aim of the suggested exercises is not to introduce politeness rules of the cultures of the foreign languages that are learned by students, because these rules do not exist. The goal of these exercises is to sharpen students' sensibility to the influence of sociocultural and linguocultural factors on expressing politeness in cross-cultural communication. The mere awareness of the fact that there constantly exists the possibility of occurrence of misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication which are related to differences in the interpretation of the models of polite behaviour in different cultures guarantees successful resolution of such situations by students in the future.


Abstract This study presents two new representations of ships, recently found in Casas del Turuñuelo, Spain, and dated to the end of the 5th century BC. They depict river barges, which supports the importance of river navigation in structuring the central Guadiana region in the Tartessian era. The systematization of all known ship iconography found in the area from the Early Iron Age makes it possible to highlight their homogeneity, and their Mediterranean hallmark. This serves to emphasize the interconnectivity that existed in Iberia's south‐west, fostering a process of cultural hybridization of which the vessels were both result and vehicle.


Background: Arboviruses research in Uganda dates before the 1930s. More than 38 arboviruses and over 224 mosquito species together with many other insect vectors are documented to occur in Uganda. However, arboviruses research activities came to a virtual standstill in the 1980s. Surveillance for arboviruses was reinstated in 2007 through the Uganda Arbovirus Program 2007 to collect new information on arbovruses in Uganda.


The utility model discloses an automobile roof internal and external plate edge folding die and belongs to the field of die manufacturing. The die comprises an upper die holder, a pressure plate, a guide post, a spring, an upper die edge folding tool, an upper die slotting tool, a lower die holder, a lower die tool block, a lower die material carrying frame, a lower die material carrying cylinder, a lower die guide cylinder, a lower die guide frame, a pressure block, a lower die pre-bending mechanism and a lower die pre-bending tool, wherein the lower die material carrying frame is connected with the lower die material carrying cylinder through a bolt; the lower die material carrying cylinder and the lower die holder are rigidly connected together; the upper die edge folding tool and the upper die slotting tool are rigidly fixed with the upper die through bolts; the pressure plate is connected with the upper die holder through the guide post; the pressure source between the pressure plate and the upper die holder is realized by a spring; the pressure block is rigidly locked on the pressure plate by a bolt; the lower die pre-bending mechanism is fixed on the lower die holder by a bolt; and the lower die pre-bending tool is fixed on the lower die pre-bending mechanism by a bolt. When the die is used, the production efficiency is improved greatly, and the automatic automobile roof internal and external plate edge folding production can be realized.


The limited use of organizational research for practical decision making is due in part to the differences in the assumptions made by organizational researchers in creating what they consider knowledge and organizational decision makers in using what they, in turn, call knowledge. The concept of "frames of reference" is proposed and developed as a basis for examining the differences between the assumptions made by decision makers and by researchers. Implications for the utilization of organizational research are discussed.


The utility model discloses an intelligent converter for an LVDT displacement sensor, which relates to the converter field and solves the problems of zero/full scale drift, unstability and tedious debugging caused by that the traditional displacement converter applies mechanical variable resister. The excitation signal input end and the detection signal output end of the LVDT displacement sensor are respectively connected with the excitation signal output end and the detection signal input end of an LVDT signal conditioning system; the output end of the LVDT signal conditioning system is connected with the voltage signal acquisition input end of a single chip microcomputer through an A/D conversion module and a first digital isolator; the memory input/output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the input/output end of an EPROM memory, the serial signal input/output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a serial communication port through a photoelectric isolator and the current control output end of the single chip microcomputer is sequentially output through a second digital isolator and a D/A conversion module. The intelligent converter is mainly applied to the intelligent conversion of the LVDT displacement sensor.


As suggested by previous literature, the implied volatility surface can be modelled and forecasted using a parametric or non-parametric model. In this study, we examine whether the multi-layer perceptron neural network is able to model the shape and evolution of the implied volatility surface. In addition, we also evaluate the model's predictability of future implied volatility and its economic significance. We provide empirical evidence on the Swedish OMXS 30 index option market, during a period between June 2016 and March 2018. As benchmarks, we compare the performance against a dynamic factor autoregressive model and a random walk model. The results show that our model performs better at modelling and forecasting implied volatility. Furthermore, neural network is able to capture the more nuanced non-linear relationships and provide a better implied volatility surface fit. In the economic analysis, we find that the delta-hedge portfolio can generate abnormal profits, but only before introducing transaction fees.


The COVID-19-related stigma towards healthcare workers negatively influences their performance and job satisfaction, and well-being. The frequency of COVID-19-related stigma towards healthcare workers and its associated factors has not been sufficiently investigated. The objective was to determine the frequency and variables associated with COVID-19-related stigmatisation towards health workers in emerging-age university adults in Mexico. Analytical and cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire in 1,054 students between 18 and 29 years of age. Demographic variables, religiosity, fear of COVID-19 and stigma-discrimination related to COVID-19 towards healthcare workers were analysed. The latter was set as the dependent variable, while demographic variables, religiosity and high fear of COVID-19 were the independent variables. For the association between the variables, a binomial and logarithmic generalised linear model was designed to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios. The proportion of high stigma-discrimination was 12.4%, and this was associated with a high fear of COVID-19 (APR 1.51, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.23). The main limitations were the cross-sectional nature, social desirability bias, non-probabilistic sampling. The results highlight the importance of establishing programmes to reduce COVID-19-related stigmatisation towards healthcare workers.


Mobile applications are top in user convenience and have overpassed the web applications in terms of popularity and usability. There are variousmobile applications that provide solutions to manage personal and group expense but not many of them provide a comprehensive view of both cases. In this paper, we develop a mobile application developed for the android platform that keeps record of user personal expenses, his/her contribution in group expenditures, top investment options, view of the current stock market, read authenticated financial news and grab the best ongoing offers in the market in popular categories. The proposed application would eliminate messy sticky notes, spreadsheets confusion and data handling inconsistency problems while offering the best overview of your expenses. With our application can manage their expenses and decide on their budget more effectively.


This study is concerned with changes in procurement and supply chain management in UK privatized companies. In most cases, privatization requires the organization to develop a completely new approach. This is because of the change in ownership and the new competitive environment into which the company moves. Part of this reassessment of the business by senior management can be expected to include procurement. The paper focuses on the nature and direction of the changes in procurement associated with privatization, based on research into the privatized sector in Britain. The method adopted involves an extensive questionnaire completed by 28 major companies privatized in the UK, followed up by interviews with twelve of these companies. Questions centre on the following key areas: changes in the structure of procurement, procurement strategy, the role and profile of procurement within the company, attitudes to outsourcing and supplier performance and changes in approach to assessing the performance of the procurement function. Our results indicate extensive change. Although cost reduction is often a driver of these changes, as the companies strive to reduce costs to meet City expectations and best practice in the private sector, another consideration is the contribution that procurement can make to the overall strategy of the company, so as to gain and maintain competitive advantage.


The multiprocessor scheduling is the problem of mapping the tasks of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) onto the processors of a multiprocessor system in a way that minimizes the completion time. Since this problem is known to be NP-complete, many heuristic scheduling algorithms are developed to achieve near optimal schedules in a reasonable amount of computation time. In this paper we present a heuristic scheduling algorithm based on linear clustering scheme and effectiveness of proposed algorithm is assured by computer simulations.


Transparent migration file system includes a method, the method to identify the source file system supports a plurality of physical storage locations of access independent processes simultaneously. Identifying the file system and physical storage location of the target source physical storage location of the contents to shift to the target physical storage location. The new allocation is not allowed to migrate comprises a source of said physical storage location and the contents copied from the source location to the target physical storage physical storage location. During the migration or migration prior to said receiving a write request to write data to the physical storage location of the source. And simultaneously serve the migrating the write request. Read and write will be directed to the source physical storage location requests are redirected to the target physical storage location. The redirect response to the migration is complete. Requesting both the logical and physical I / O from the plurality of independent processes and comprising.


The important roles fathers play in the lives of their children, families and communities are more clearly understood now than in the past and there is increasing emphasis on father-inclusive practice as a central component of working with families (Berlyn, Wise, and Soriano, 2008; Cameron, Coady, and Hoy, 2014; Fleming and King, 2010; Fletcher, Close, Babakhani and Churchward, 2008; Fletcher, May, StGeorge, Stoker, and Oshan, 2014; Panter-Brick et al., 2014; Tehan and McDonald, 2010). Father-inclusive practice 'responds to the needs of families as a system by including fathering in all aspects of the planning and implementation of service in a manner that enables families to make optimal use of their internal family resources' (Fletcher et al., 2014, p. 5). While a range of service providers and funding bodies have demonstrated a commitment to working more closely and effectively with fathers (Beatty and Doran, 2007; Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs [FaHCSIA], 2009; Families First Northern Sydney, 2006; Family Action Centre, 2005) many practitioners and services still find it difficult to engage fathers in their services, particularly when attempting to engage Aboriginal1 fathers (Hammond, Fletcher, Lester, and Pascoe, 2003). It is especially important when discussing Aboriginal fathers to adopt a broad definition of father-to include biological fathers, social fathers (men undertaking the role of fathers including step fathers, foster fathers, pops, uncles, the partners of mothers) and father figures (Fletcher et al., 2014).


The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of the bucking-restrained brace on the vertical stiffness and dynamic property of the main buildings of coal preparation,and to reduce seismic response in the frequently occurred and seldom occurred earthquake by arranging bucking-restrained brace reasonably.Finite element analysis software SAP2000 is used to establish the calculation model of bucking-restrained brace in the slime separation technology by using heavy media cyclone of steel structure of coal preparation plant at seismic fortification intensity 8,site Ⅱarea,and to calculate the model analysis and seismic response of structure as the bucking-restrained brace in several kinds of plans.The results indicate that reasonable arrangement on the anti-buckling support can enhance the lateral-resistance stiffness of the structure and effectively reduce coupling of translational and torsional vibration of the structure,for such an irregular steel frame structure;it can reduce the maximum horizontal displacement of each floor of the steel frame in a small earthquake;besides,it can also reduce the maximum horizontal displacement of each floor and the displacement between floors in a big earthquake as well as significantly reduce the acceleration response of the vertex of the structure.The conclusion is that the bucking-restrained brace can effectively improve the irregularity of vertical stiffness for the structure,which can make its dynamic properties regular and reduce the seismic response under frequently occurred and seldom occurred earthquake.


MOOC has gradually become a mainstream form of online education, and has constantly evolved into many different forms. Among them, the teacher's leading MOOC represented by Khan Academy has become an emerging form that is widely welcomed. With the goal of Khan Academy, this paper proposes and implements a lightweight recording system -- QingMOOC. Its advantage lies in: 1) QingMOOC has a simple structure and easy operation with automation, which releases the work intensity of the users. 2) The custom "video-like" format resource not only suits distribution, but also occupies small space. 3) It is multipurpose, thus can be used in various network platforms and applications in a fragmented manner. After a small-scale application, it has proven that QingMOOC can have an easier access to MOOC production and effectively reduce the cost of it. Although the resource size is as small as one-tenth of the way it was made, the quality of it is the same as that of Khan Academy. It satisfies the needs of some teachers to produce MOOC resources regularly and much easier. Its friendly functions have been fully recognized by users.


IRST(InfraRed Search and Tracking device) for maritime does not search and track only antiaircraft target like anti missile, fighter but also maritime target like patrol killer. Generally Integral projection based target detection algorithm is used for big size target like maritime target. Because it is simple and fast[1-4]. However, Integral projection based method does not work in wide area clutter environment very well. In this paper, we propose large target detection algorithm base on block overlapped mean subtraction that can make up for the weak point of the conventional method. Proposed algorithm shows better performance in many clutter environment than the conventional method.


There is at the present time a remarkable spirit of unrest in medical centers and in medical organization throughout this country. We have but recently seen the curriculums leading to the degree of doctor of medicine expanded from an indefinite course covering two or three years to a scientific course of four and in some cases five years. Clinical and laboratory instruction have almost entirely superseded the old didactic methods, outpatient services are being highly organized and medical educators are discussing now the advisability of a compulsory fifth or hospital year. These remarkable changes may be attributed to two factors: first, the ever increasing and exacting demands of science, and second, the pressure from the industrial world for greater and greater efficiency. The reflection of this demand for an increase of scientific precision and industrial efficiency is markedly shown in present-day hospital management. Hospital organization and management were, and are


Low concentration of volatile organic components (VOC) usually need to be condensed before analyzing them by using gas chromatography (GC). NeedlExTM is a needle for condensing VOC. Gas components are adsorbed and condensed efficiently while passing through the adsorbents in the needle. This paper describes the results of analysis of tear gas agents or chloropicrin by using NeedlExTM. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), Chloroacetophenone (CN), o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS), α-Brombenzyl cyanide (CA) or Chloropicrine (CP) in 10 L Tedler® bag were condensed with NeedlExTM and analyzed by GC. NeedlExTM had a tendency to condense the components having lower boiling point easily than those having a higher boiling point.


The objective of this study is to develop a role-theoretic perspective on reputational rank that helps theorize and test how reputation formation and career development intertwine in project-based labor markets. We argue that affiliational status is an important mechanism for aspirants to enter the periphery of a project-based labor markets, whereas reputational rank within each status group is important for novices to move to the core of the labor market. Status and reputation represent, in other words, not only important career barriers, they facilitate also career mobility, initially through affiliational status, later through reputational rank. We test our arguments on a comprehensive sample of complete career trajectories of aspirant feature film directors graduating from The National Film School of Denmark between 1968 and 2013. Specifically, aspirant directors using high status actors in their graduation film are more likely to become novice directors by directing their first film, and higher comme...


People, companies and society are becoming more mindful about the environment, and thus the market demand environmentally-sustainable merchandises and services. Today consumers act more pro-environmentally, as in the past decades they have changed their behaviour. We all recognise that the development of different types of media, especially the Internet and social media, has generated a different approach from societies and traders towards the individual consumer. In this research, we have established that the Internet, social media and TV have at the moment the largest influence on consumers' environmental behaviour, due to the fact that companies and marketers are targeting at the same time different target groups of consumers. In the case of the Internet or social media, the marketers are very aggressive, although many consumers have the sense that they are something special for the companies and, therefore, change their environmental behaviour following the marketers and companies' desires.


Firstly, this article explains the characteristics and advantages of military large-scale UAVs, and points out the three basic problems currently encountered by military large-scale UAVs; secondly, this article is based on the current design, manufacturing and application reality of large-scale military UAVs, analyzed the urgent need to build a cloud computing-based digital twin framework for military large-scale UAVs, and discussed in detail from the aspects of test cost, integrated perception, centralized control, business prediction, and mission planning; again, this article proposed cloud-based computing The digital twin framework for military large-scale UAVs discusses the composition and functions of each layer; finally, it points out the five directions and work priorities that need to be paid attention to in the construction of the digital twin system of military large-scale UAVs, including UAV model, flight status measurement, reliable propagation channel, intelligent command and control, and capability evaluation analysis.


The words 'liberty' or 'freedom' feature in forty-three poems in this collection, indicative of the centrality of this theme to the radical discourse of the day. In an era of almost unprecedented repression and the curtailment of rights, working people wished to rid themselves of their chains and reclaim their lost liberties, as a way of asserting English nationalism in the face of a 'foreign' monarchy. The twelve poems and songs in this section celebrate both the forthcoming return of liberty, presented as a goddess, and Henry Hunt as liberty's human representative. The restoration of liberty as an end to slavery is a common trope within English radical discourse and poems often depict the radical patriot endeavouring to rescue his country from an imposed and unnatural tyranny and return it to its true state of liberty; however, this trope predates the era of revolution when such rhetoric was common currency and this section explores the prevalence of the theme of liberty in the mid-eighteenth century and the subsequent influence of William Collins and Thomas Gray on the poems in this collection. The introduction also seeks to explain the lack of references to the transatlantic slave trade in these poems at a time when the issue of rights was at the fore. It includes poems written by Samuel Bamford and the Spencean Robert Wedderburn.


Using 1+1 soliton-like polaron model of a deformable continuum, the critical temperature and the energy gap in high-temperature superconductors Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3-xMxO7-δ(M=Fe, Ni) are studied in the framework of finite temperature Green's function theory. The ratio 2Δ/kBTc=3.9 is obtained. Theoretical results are found in good agreement with the experimental data.


:rn'·our'iecenfresearCh, we found that visual inter-word relations can be useful for different stages of English text recognition such as character segmentation and postpfocessing. Different m.eth ods had been designed for different stages. In this paper; we propose a 1iiiliied apPJ:oach to use visual contextual information for text recognition. Each word imagell~is:~ Jattic:; which is a data structure to keep results of segmentation, recognition and visuaJ.iri.ter~w ord r~lation anal