We analyze and model the interaction of movement of the synchronized auditory‐visual information. We construct the relationship of movement between virtually sound source and object. We suppose that cubic local contrast model (CLCM) we propose and the optical flow method are useful for analyzing moving image. CLCM is a method that describes the movement of objects from temporal and spatial difference of local contrast between pixels in moving image, and we found CLCM can measure the orientation of camera motion and the moving direction of an object in a moving image. We use the feature of head‐related transfer function (HRTF) as the feature of sound movement. We have done two experiments: experiment 1 is that we analyze the data of the interaural amplitude difference (IAD) and interaural phase difference (IPD) between right and left HRTFs of a sphere by local contrast model (LCM); experiment 2 is that we analyze the relationship between the movement of an object in a moving image and a virtual sound sourc...


Political, economic, and social changes have forced oil companies to redesign their corporate goals and business strategies in order to survive. They have restructured themselves and refocused on core businesses, and employees not having the skills needed in this new economy have been laid off. The aim of this paper is to identify the new skills that are required today so that geoscience students can prepare more effectively for careers in the oil industry and to help geoscience departments upgrade their curricula. The findings should help employers and departments to better understand each other's needs and improve cooperation between them, thereby benefitting the geoscience community as a whole. The data presented were gathered from 29 oil companies based in Britain, the most international petroleum community outside the United States. The firms surveyed employ more than 382,000 people, including over 6,000 geoscientists. Representatives from each company completed a 150-item questionnaire comprised of a mix of preferential ranking, box-filling exercises, open-ended questions, and observations designed to assess the importance of a wide range of skills and other issues. More than 40 geological and geophysical skills were assessed, together with 30 computer competencies, many non-technical and soft skills, business and math skills, and others. Recruiting by the major companies has become very sophisticated and more demanding. Applicants are now expected to have at least a master's degree and some industrial experience. These trends reflect a need for greater competency in both geology and geophysics even though only 54% of the entire skill mix relates to geoscience topics. Recruits should also have knowledge of both geology and geophysics. The level of computer competency now required has also increased, and certain nontechnical and soft skills have become essential. Some courses offered by departments have little relevance in the oil industry. Some respondents believe university computer education may be insufficient. Education in the business areas of finance, project management, planning, and economic analysis needs to be introduced, and departments must emphasize that non-technical and soft skills are important in the work place. They should also expand their teaching efforts in the areas of ethics, summarizing, and teamwork. Companies are very willing to cooperate with departments and to help them in a number of ways.


The invention discloses a smartband with a jogging stride frequency guiding function. The smartband comprises a CPU module, a heart rate detection module, a light/voice guiding module, a display module, a 3D acceleration sensor module, a power supply module, a battery, and one or more of a bluetooth module and a WIFI module. The CPU module is connected to the power supply module, the heart rate detection module, the light/voice guiding module, the display module, and the 3D acceleration sensor module, at the same time, the power supply module is connected to the battery, and the CPU module is connected to one or more of the bluetooth module and the WIFI module. The provided smartband has a jogging stride frequency guiding function and the hardware cost is only slightly increased.


In the part 1 of the article 48.1 of the town planning code of the Russian Federation we can find a list of objects that are especially dangerous. Article 2 paragraph 59 of the contract system establishes the responsibility of the customer to conduct electronic auction, provided that the purchase of goods, works, services is included in the list established by the Government of the Russian Federation, or in an additional list approved by the highest body of the Executive power of the subject of the Russian Federation. By order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 31.10.2013 no. 2019-r there was approved a list of goods and services, in case of procurement of which the customer is obligated to conduct an auction in electronic form. The list included "Building works", related to the code 45 (excluding code 45.12) according to the all-Russian classifier of products by economic activity (OKPD) OK 034-2007. The exception is the construction, reconstruction, overhaul of high-risk, technically complex objects of capital construction, provided that the cost of the purchase contract for the State needs is more than 150 million rubles; to provide municipal 50 million rubles. Thus, the customer is obliged to conduct electronic auction in the case of procurement of construction works (code 45 OKPD OK 034-20071), besides the works relating to the code of 45.12 (drilling), if the initial (maximal) cost of purchase for State needs does not exeed 150 million rubles, for municipal needs 50 million rubles. Here is an example. In St. Petersburg, three competitions were announced by the customer on the site for the construction of four underground stations with total value of 940 million rubles. How to place an order-public audition with limited participation? The results of the audit conducted by the OFAS around St. Petersburg, led to the cancellation of the tender. In particular, due to an incorrect choice of customer ways to purchase. According to the FAS, the subject of the procurement is to prepare the area for the construction of the underground, and not the construction as such.


This paper presents a solution to a limitation of wireless power transfer that arises when using two D-shaped transmitter and receiver coils. Double D, or DD, coils are well known to have a polar, directional magnetic field, which increases the misalignment tolerance in one of the directions. The misalignment tolerance is nonsymmetric, and it is significantly better in one of the directions, which can also be considered a shortcoming. An additional shortcoming of the DD coil is that it is dependent on the rotation around the z-axis, due to the directional magnetic field. This is not a problem when using classic planar spiral coils, which do not generate a directional magnetic field. Therefore, DD coils are not suitable for applications in which the z-axis orientation is not determined and fixed to specific angle and direction. This paper presents a unique design of a transmitter coil, based on a double DD coil. The transmitter coil consists of two DD coils which are perpendicular to each other. The proposed transmitter structure can excite the receiver DD coil in a way that the efficiency of the power transfer is the highest, regardless of the orientation. The proposed transmitter structure can, therefore, solve the problem with rotation of a single DD coil. The proposed system structure was tested on the small-scale experimental setup.


Macroalgae is a protein source with the potential to yield antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. This study aimed to find bioactive peptide-based antibacterial compounds from marine macroalgae Chondrus crispus protein hydrolysate. The peptides were isolated by solid phase extraction with a strong cation exchanger from trypsin-digested and α-chymotrypsin-digested hydrolysates. Certain fractions of the hydrolyzed protein displayed a good inhibition zone, with the α-chymotrypsin-digested fraction eluted at pH 9 exhibiting the highest inhibition against Gram-negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Several peptides were characterized as cationic helical peptides with hydrophobicity percentages of 16.67–77.78%. The potential antibacterial peptide P01 KKNVTTLAPLVF was identified as an α-helical cationic antibacterial peptide with 0.525 GRAVY value, amphipathic structure, and +2 total charge. Moreover, strong interaction was observed between P07 SAGSGNEGLSGW and P20 RTASSR peptide with DNA gyrase and DHFR receptors from S. aureus with binding energy -8.0 and -7.3 kcal/mol, respectively.


Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a widely used imaging modality for diagnosing and assessing small bowel disease. There have been a few reports of bowel perforation secondary to capsule impaction, the first of these being reported by Gonzalez Carro et al. in 2005 [1]. The majority of these perforations occurred in a relatively short time-period after ingestion of the capsule, ranging from 48 h [2] to 17 days [3]. Most of these patients were found to have small bowel strictures, which explained the retention of the capsule and subsequent perforation.


The thermal properties of polymeric nanocomposites can be examined using TGA and DSC techniques, while dielectric properties can be examined through simulated scattering (S11, S12, S21, and S22) parameters. Polyaniline (PAni) nanopowder was synthesized using chemical oxidative polymerization techniques. Consequently, the crystallite size and morphology of the synthesized powder were examined using the XRD, TEM, and FESEM techniques. Further, a series of polymeric nanocomposites was developed via wet mixing and compressor molding techniques for various volume percentages (54.0, 57.5, 60.1, and 61.7 vol%) of synthesized powder within PAni/epoxy composites. Consequently, dielectric and absorbing properties have been measured using a vector network analyzer and its software module. The computed complex permittivity data were used to evaluate the absorption for different thicknesses of samples. A minimum reflection loss of − 22.3 dB (> 99.9% absorption) was optimized with broadband frequency ranges. The unique heterostructures of nanocomposite are responsible for the enhanced absorption and shielding performance.
 Graphical abstract


This paper is a qualitative ethnographic study that aims to present refl ections on negotiation events in teletandem interactions, a synchronous telecollaborative context of language learning, within the scope of the interaction strategies adopted by participants to achieve comprehensibility. The project Teletandem Brasil: foreign languages for all (Telles, 2006) matches up native or profi cient speakers of a foreign language with Brazilian undergraduate students to learn each other's language, by communicating synchronically with application softwares like Skype, Oovoo or MSN. On this paper, based on the interpretive perspective of Hermeneutics, we analyze excerpts of teletandem in- teractions of partnerships established between students of a Brazilian university and American universities. The excerpts presented here have been taken from different moments of the research studies conducted at the teletandem laboratories of UNESP Assis and Sao Jose do Rio Preto and are part of the database of the works of Santos (2008) and Garcia (2010). In this article, in the data analysis, we highlight the focus on form and on lexicon as characteristics of the interactions and analyze how the negotiations happen in this learning context mediated by technology. Among results we may highlight the prevailing of external feedback as a trigger to negotiation moves, the occurrence of adjustment processes between participants to get adapted to each other's interaction behavior, as well as the evolution of this behavior as interactants get familiarized with the computer-mediated communication context, under the shape of changes in the participants choices regarding negotiation of meaning along their interaction experience.


Precipitation hardening stainless steels are used for a variety of applications in a vast range of industries due to their combination of high mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance and an appropriate level of wear resistance for certain applications. Despite this, the properties of these steels still need to be improved to fit the further requirements needed for more demanding applications. This has work investigated the response of 17-4PH and 17-7PH stainless steels to active screen plasma nitriding and active screen plasma carburising. The main focus was on mechanical propet1ies, corrosion, wear resistance and the formation of the S-phase. The active screen plasma nitriding treatments were conducted for 20 hours at 350\(^0\)C, 390\(^0\)C and 430\(^0\)C in a gas mixture of 25%:N\(_2\) + 75H\(_2\) and active screen plasma carburising treatments were conducted at 370\(^0\)C, 410\(^0\)C and 450\(^0\)C in a gas mixture of 1.5CH\(_4\) and 98.5%H\(_2\). The thickness of the plasma alloyed layer on both steels increase with the increase in the treatment temperature for both plasma nitriding and carburising.


The article presents a study of the potential of teachers to implement in- novations in their professional activities and factors hindering the transition to the mode of innovative development. The study revealed that, according to a number of indicators, the level of innovative readiness for mastering innovations among respondents is low, and that purposeful and systematic work is needed both from the management and the teachers in order to introduce innovations in preschool educational institutions. The study uses an integrated approach aimed at finding tools and methods of training preschool teachers with diverse social and intellectual needs, who are able to develop in their professional ac- tivities. Recommendations for the preparation of preschool teachers for innovative activi- ties are presented.


We report on the characterization and performance of epitaxial structures and photodiodes based on InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Interfacial layers were introduced at the superlattice interfaces to compensate the tensile strain and hence to improve the overall material quality of the superlattice structures. The optimal morphology and low strain was achieved via a combined interfacial layer scheme with InAsSb+InGaSb layers. Using this scheme, a p-i-n photodiode structure with a 360-period InAs/GaSb superlattice was grown on a GaSb substrate, which operates at 78 K with a cut-off wavelength of ∼8 μm and a peak responsivity of 0.6 A/W at ∼6 μm.


This article discusses the specific ways media events like «the end of the world on21.12.12» are reflected by creolized Internet genres – demotivators and caricatures – in Russian and English-speaking spheres of the Internet.


Results from barcoding studies of tribe Cichorieae for the Tennessee flora using data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS marker region are presented and inclu de first complete reports of this marker for 15 of the 24 species of the tribe that are native to the stat . Sequence data from the ITS region separated all genera of Cichorieae in Tennessee from one anot her, and almost all species of the introduced Cichorium, Crepis, Hypochaeris, Lapsana, Leontodon, and Hieracium subgen. Pilosella from one another. In contrast, many (though not all) species of the native members of Hieracium, Krigia, Lactuca, and Nabalus were not uniquely distinguished by this marker. ITS seq uence data provided support for the recognition of Nabalus as distinct from Prenanthes, and helped to confirm the identification of N. albus samples newly reported for Tennessee. ITS sequence da ta also suggested that N. cylindricus may represent a species distinct from N. roanensis, with which it has been lumped. The results of this study suggest that further s udy is needed to clarify patterns of diversification in the four genera of Cichorieae that exhibit radiations in southeastern North America. Tribe Cichorieae is one of the most morphologically distinctive tribes in Asteraceae and with more than 1600 species one of the larger ones (Kilian et al. 2009). The tribe has traditionally been considered to have two prominent apomorphies in milky sap and homoga mous ligulate heads and at earlier times was regarded as a separate subfamily or e ven family (e.g. Cronquist 1980). Molecular data have been decisive, however, in placing it as just one of s veral tribes, including Arctotidinae and Vernonieae, that form the subfamily Cichorioideae (Funk & Chan 2009). Like many groups that are highly distinctive, classification of subordinate groups of the tribe remains problematic and generic distinctions are still being refined. Thus, the se paration of Nabalus as distinct from Prenanthes has only recently been accepted (Killian et al. 2009), and the circumscription of Lactuca remains problematic. The current study contributes further support for recognition of Nabalus as a distinct genus and continues the effort to survey the molecul ar diversity found in species of Asteraceae in Tennessee (Schilling 2013; Schilling & Floden 2012, 2013, 2014; Schilling et al. 2014), with further documentation of the varied diversification pa tterns that are found in members of the family. Cichorieae is most diverse in temperate regions, with the largest concentration of species occurring in the Eastern Hemisphere (Kilian et al. 2009). The tribe is represented in Tennessee by 14 genera and 42 species, of which almost half are introduced; only 5 genera and 24 species are considered to be native (Chester et al. 2009). The larger ge n ra are, however, composed mostly or entirely of native species and include Hieracium (7 species, 5 native), Krigia (5 species, all native), Lactuca (7 species, 5 native), and Nabalus (8 species, all native). Several species are considere d to be rare in the state, including Hieracium longipilosum, Krigia montana, Nabalus albus, N. asper, and N. barbatus (Crabtree 2014); of these only K. montana and N. barbatus are somewhat rare globally (G3 ranking). Schilling, Floden, & Schilling: Tennessee Cichorieae 2 The goal of this study was to sample the nuclear ribosoma l ITS marker for all species of Cichorieae that occur in Tennessee. Particular emphasis w placed on the four larger native genera, each of which exhibit modest radiations in southeastern Nort h America. Despite the fact that Cichorieae is the most well studied tribe of Asteraceae (Kilian et al. 2009), most species from southeastern North America (with the exception of Krigia; Kim & Jansen 1994) have not been included in molecular phylogenetic studies. Sampling of additi onal species of these genera from areas of southeastern North America outside of Tennessee w as done to evaluate overall patterns of diversification and compare them to other Asteraceae genera of the region. Materials and methods DNA was extracted from leaf samples either collected fre sh or taken from herbarium specimens (Table 1). For most samples the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit protocol (Qiagen, Valencia CA) was used. PCR amplifications and sequencing of the ITS regi on followed Schilling et al. (2007). A few samples required the use of the internal primers, " 5.8S 79 for" and "ITS 5.8SR," for sequencing to obtain clean sequence, either because of fungal contami nation or because of length polymorphisms (Schilling et al. 2007). GenBank accession numbers are provided in Table 1. Although this study was not designed to undertake a rigorous phylogenetic analysis, a maximu m l kelihood tree was generated using MEGA 6 (Tamura et al. 2013) to provide a convenient way to m ake a comparative visualization of the sequence results. The samples of the introduced Tragopogon were utilized as the outgroup, based on results of Kilian et al. (2009). The analysis also inc rporated sequences deposited at GenBank of conspecific samples or closely related specie s. Table 1. Plant material used for ITS barcoding studies o f Cichorieae. All voucher specimens at TENN. Species DNA# Genbank Voucher info CICHORIUM L. C. intybus L. 2644 HQ172904 Schilling 07-DNA2644, Knox Co., Tenn. CREPIS L. C. capillaris (L.) Wallr. 3018 HQ161936 Fleming FCF-533, Van Buren Co., Tenn. C. pulchra L. 3019 HQ161937 Fusiak 525, Knox Co., Tenn. C. setosa Haller f. 3020 HQ161938 Wofford 79-139, Greene Co., Tenn. HIERACIUM L. H. caespitosum Dumort. 3005 HQ161951 DeSelm s.n., 5/29/2001, Washington Co., Tenn. H. gronovii L. 2521 HQ161948 Schilling 2521, Knox Co., Tenn. H. longipilum Torr. ex Hook. 3003 HQ161949 Chester 13138, Stewart Co., Tenn. H. paniculatum L. 2568 HQ161947 Schilling CF-7, Sullivan Co., Tenn. H. pilosella L. 3021 HQ161945 Powers s.n. 6/6/2008, Cumberland Co., Tenn. H. scabrum Michx. 3004 HQ161950 DeSelm 01-222, Johnson Co., Tenn. H. venosum L. 2573 HQ161946 Schilling CF10, Sullivan Co., Tenn. 3272 KP828834 Thomas 173842, Sevier Co., Tenn. Non-Tennessee samples H. megacephalon Nash 3262 KP828831 McNeilus 00-33, DeSoto Co., Fla. 3263 KP828832 Kral 64068, Martin Co., Fla. H. traillii Greene 3267 KP828833 Christy F/6, Bath Co., Va. 3285 KP828835 Wieboldt 5215, Bath Co., Va. HYPOCHAERIS L. H. radicata L. 3022 HQ161932 McNeilus 01-171, Knox Co., Tenn. Schilling, Floden, & Schilling: Tennessee Cichorieae 3 KRIGIA Schreb. K. biflora (Walt.) S.F. Blake 3015 HQ161943 Schilling DNA3015, Campbell Co., Tenn. K. cespitosa (Raf.) Chambers 3023 HQ161942 McNeilus 99-113, Jackson Co., Tenn. K. dandelion (L.) Nutt. 3024 HQ161941 McNeilus 97250, Monroe Co., Tenn. K. montana (Michx.) Nutt. 3050 HQ172903 Greenhouse plant K. virginiana (L.) Willd. 2772 HQ161940 Schilling DNA2772, Knox Co., Tenn. LACTUCA L. L. biennis (Moench) Fernald 3006 HQ161959 Estes 9543, Morgan Co., Tenn. 3160 KP828828 Schilling LB1, Knox Co., Tenn. L. canadensis L. 2587 HQ161956 Schilling 07-DNA2587, Knox Co., Tenn. 3200 KP828829 Schilling DNA3200, Knox Co., Tenn. L. floridana (L.) Gaertn. 2570 HQ161957 Schilling CF-1, Sullivan Co., Tenn. 3159 KP828827 Schilling LF-1, Knox Co., Tenn. L. graminifolia Michx. 3261 KP828830 Floden 2139, Polk Co., Tenn. L. saligna L. 3026 HQ161960 Beck 6311, Marion Co., Tenn. L. serriola L. 3049 HQ172902 Estes 1084, Maury Co., Tenn. Non-Tennessee samples L. graminifolia Michx. 3008 HQ161958 Rogers 5247, Copiah Co., Miss. L. hirsuta Muhl. ex Willd. 3048 HQ172901 Floden 941, Oregon Co., Ark LAPSANA L. L. communis L. 3027 HQ161939 DeSelm s.n., 6/14/2005, Claiborne Co., Tenn. LEONTODON L. L. saxatilis L. 4251 KP828825 Floden et al.2789 , Fentress Co., Tenn. 4250 KP828826 Floden & Fleming 5/14/2012, Polk Co., Tenn. NABALUS Cass. N. albus (L.) Hook. 2840 HQ162003 Floden763, Campbell Co., Tenn. 2963 HQ162005 DeSelm s.n., Knox Co., Tenn. N. altissimus (L.) Hook. 2832 HQ161970 Estes 1479, Giles Co., Tenn. 2948 HQ161971 Marcum et al. PBM1683, Blount Co., Tenn. N. asper (Michx.) Torr. 2955 HQ161988 McKinney & Jackson 6892, Coffee Co., Tenn. & A. Gray 3042 HQ161979 Horn 98-54, Franklin Co., Tenn. N. barbatus Torr. & A. Gray 2834 HQ161979 Horn 98-60, Coffee Co., Tenn. 3041 HQ161981 Gunn S6-792, Humphreys Co., Tenn. N. crepidineus (Michx.) DC. 2835 HQ161984 Sweetser s.n., 9/26/2003, Knox Co., Tenn. N. roanensis Chickering 2836 HQ161993 Fusiak 580, Carter Co., Tenn. 2950 HQ161994 Busemeyer et al. 756, Blount Co., Tenn. 2981 HQ161997 DeSelm s.n. 8/31/2000, Greene Co., Tenn. 2979 HQ161995 Fusiak 571, Polk Co., Tenn. 2980 HQ161996 Murrell 953, Polk Co., Tenn. 2978 HQ161998 Fusiak 571, Unicoi Co., Tenn. 2956 HQ162000 Wofford 79-277, Unicoi Co., Tenn. N. serpentarius (Pursh) Hook. 2646 HQ161990 Schilling 07-DNA2646, Knox Co., Tenn. 2837 HQ161989 Estes & Beck 8352, Grundy Co., Tenn. 2952 HQ161991 Rogers 42438, Sevier Co., Tenn. N. trifoliolatus Cass. 2838 HQ161976 Murrell 620, Polk Co., Tenn. 2565 HQ161975 Schilling CF-9, Sullivan Co., Tenn. Schilling, Floden, & Schilling: Tennessee Cichorieae 4 Non-Tennessee samples N. albus (L.) Hook. 2831 HQ162002 McNeilus 93-2215, Wood Co., Wis. 2962 HQ162004 Jones s.n., 9/11/1976, Erie Co., Ohio 2964 HQ162001 Morton 7990, Hardy Co., W.Va. N. asper (Michx.) Torr. 2954 HQ161987 Athey 1470, McCracken Co., Ky. & A. Gray N. autumnalis (Walt.) Weakley 2959 HQ162007 Pringle 31236, Swain Co., N.C. N. barbatus Torr. & A. Gray 3040 HQ161980 Kral 37700, Etowah Co., Ala. N. crepidineus (Michx.) DC. 3045 HQ161984 Athey 2932, Graves Co., Ky. N. racemosus (Michx.) Hook. 2960 HQ162009 McNeilus 90-981, 9/26/2003, Norman Co., Minn. N. roanensis Chickering 2951 HQ161992 Busemeyer et al. 780, Swain Co., N.C. N. trifoliolatus Cass. 2949 HQ161974 Phillippe 31167, Swain Co., N.C. PRENANTHES L. P. purpurea L. 2965 HQ161931 Schilling 09-01, Baden-Württemberg, Germany PYRRHOPAPPUS DC. P. carolinianus (Walt.) DC. 2519 HQ161944 Schilling 07-DNA2519, Knox Co., Tenn. SONCHUS L. S. arvensis L. 30


A novel and simple procedure for determination of anionic surfactants has been developed. The method is based on the reaction of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with Astra Phloxine FF reagent at pH 3–8, followed by liquid–liquid microextraction of the formed ion associate into an organic phase containing a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and dichloroethane (4:1, v/v) and subsequent UV-Vis detection at 555 nm. The calibration plot was linear in the range 0.006–0.29 mg L−1 of SDS. The limit of detection (LOD), calculated based on 3s, is 0.002 mg L−1. The method was applied to the determination of anionic surfactants in real wastewater samples.


Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted (pc) light‐emitting diode (LED) is a promising next‐generation tiny light source for smart and broadband NIR spectroscopy technology. However, NIR phosphors suffer from challenges in terms of low efficiency and thermal stability. Herein, by selecting a host with large bandgap and weakening the coupling effect to Cr3+, the novel CaLu2Mg2Si3O12:Cr3+ (CLMSG:Cr3+) NIR phosphor is discovered that has an external quantum efficiency of 20.7% and high thermal stability (92.1%@100 °C). Under ≈450 nm excitation, CLMSG:Cr3+ shows broad NIR emission from 650 to 900 nm with a band width of ≈120 nm. The fabricated tiny pcLED demonstrates bright NIR light (34.75 mW@100 mA) with photoelectric efficiency of 11.6%.


Through the characteristics analysis of compound curves for road project, it was proposed that the complex line forms can be simplified to straight line, circular curve and complete transition curve, it was also proposed that the middle and side piles can be used to lay off the control piles of the road construction,and fx-4500P calculator can be used for programming of laying off calculation.


Based on the existing scholars' research on consumption upgrading, this paper analyzes the connotation and trend of consumption upgrading and other related theories, and then uses the combination of Maslow's demand theory and questionnaire survey to study the development trend of rural leisure sports consumption. Completed Design of crowdfunding platform based on blockchain and cloud payment. Expand the design part according to the three-tier architecture, including the interface layer, data encapsulation layer, and business logic layer. The interface layer involves the underlying interface of the blockchain, and developer identity verification is required before interface calls are made.


Classical Kleinian groups are discrete subgroups of isometries of H n. The well-known theory of Kleinian groups starts with the definition of their associated limit set in the boundary of H n , and includes the geometric properties of the quotient hyperbolic space. This approach, naively applied, fails in the Lorentzian analogue anti-de Sitter space: discrete subgroups do not act properly discontinuously, and in many cases the set of accumulation points of orbits at the conformal boundary at infinity depends on the orbit. In this survey, we point out a way to extend this classical theory by introducing causality notions: the theory of limit sets and regularity domains extend naturally to achronal subgroups. This is closely related to the notions of globally hyper-bolic spacetimes, and we present what is known about the classification of globally hyperbolic spacetimes of constant curvature. We also review the close connection revealed by G. Mess ([79]) between globally hyperbolic spacetimes of dimension 2 + 1 and Teichmuller space. This link can be understood via the space of time-like geodesics of anti-de Sitter space, and this space has also an interesting role, presented here, in the recent works about proper group actions on spacetimes of constant curvature.


Abstract In this paper, I explore the popular feminism that is expressed through teen girl fashion blogs. Popular feminism is a nascent movement which displaces postfeminism as the dominant discourse of feminism in popular culture and, while it is a varied movement, I view one important tenet of popular feminism as the connection wrought between creative media production, precocious girlhood and feminism. Drawing on a sample of fifteen teen fashion blogs, I identify the defining themes of this genre before exploring the integration of popular feminism into the performance of the girl blogger identity. I see popular feminism as being incidentally inserted into the performance of girlhood and, notwithstanding the sincerity of the feminism performed by these bloggers, I ultimately raise concerns about the exclusive investment of popular feminism within a media and corporate-defined performance of idealized girlhood which is currently fetishized as novel but understood as a transient condition of the female subject.


Hypereosinophilia can lead to life-threatening organ damage when associated with eosinophilic infiltration of tissues. Although it is associated with a broad variety of diseases, sometimes no other abnormalities are detected. The authors present a novel approach to the treatment of hypereosinophilia, especially when an underlying cause fails to be detected.


The present invention provides methods and materials that enhance a plant's resistance to certain pathogens. A novel pathway is described and has been designated with the acronym, SI-SAR pathway, for salicylic acid-independent systemic acquired resistance. DNA constructs and methodologies are provided that facilitate the identification of compounds that activate this pathway. Methods are provided to enable the identification of novel genes and signaling components that are expressed when the SI-SAR pathway is activated. Transgenic plants with altered expression of these novel genes or signaling components of the pathway are expected to have enhanced resistance to plant pathogens. Also provided is a novel, pathogen-induced epoxide hydrolase that is inducible in the absence of SA.


Adornment styles on the roof are very different in Chinese traditional building.The decoration of wing angles is an important part of adornment style on the roof.It ascends the whole artistic value of traditional building,colors cultural connotation of people's dwelling places,and is the most vigorous in traditional building.


Lam et al. [1] reported that elevated pre-operative glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in patients without diabetes. They also estimated that this association was mainly mediated by hyperglycaemia-related comorbidities based on a causal model (directed acyclic graph). However, we are concerned that treating comorbidities as a mediator, rather than a confounder, in their causal inference analysis is inappropriate. A mediator is a variable that lies along the causal path between the exposure of interest and the outcome [2]. A confounder is a third variable that is associated with the exposure, is a cause of the outcome and does not reside in the causal path between them. From a temporal perspective, mediating variables generally occur after the exposure, while confounding variables occur before the exposure. In the study by Lam et al., the exposure of interest, pre-operative HbA1c, was measured within a year before surgery (6.3 months median), and comorbidities were identified using self-reported diagnosis at recruitment. Thus, comorbidities were already present at the time of HbA1c measurement. The temporal relationship between diagnosis of comorbidities and HbA1c measurement does not support the mediating role of comorbidities in the association between HbA1c and postoperative complications. In fact, comorbidities and their treatments may affect both long-term blood glucose level (which is reflected by HbA1c) [3] and risk of postoperative complications. Therefore, comorbidities should be treated as a confounder of the association between pre-operative HbA1c and postoperative outcomes (Fig. 1), and thus must be adjusted in the multivariable regression model. If comorbidities were treated as a confounder in this study, the appropriate interpretation of the result would be that elevated pre-operative HbA1c was not associated with postoperative complications after adjusting for demographic factors, socio-behavioural factors and comorbidities (OR [95%CI] 1.37 [0.97–1.93]), but the effect estimate was imprecise and did not exclude a clinically important association. What could be considered as a clinically meaningful mediator, but was unfortunately not measured in the study by Lam et al., were blood glucose levels in the days before and after surgery (Fig. 1). Previous studies suggest that chronic hyperglycaemia, as reflected by elevated HbA1c, is associated with increased risk of developing acute peri-operative hyperglycaemia [4], which is a known cause of postoperative complications. Further studies are required to explore the mediating role of acute peri-operative hyperglycaemia, the association between elevated HbA1c and postoperative complications and to estimate the proportion mediated (defined as the mediation effect divided by the total effect of the exposure on outcome) [5]. Such studies may shed light on the potential effectiveness of shortterm tight glucose control during the peri-operative period in reducing postoperative risks for patients with elevated HbA1c levels.


The empirical debate of foreign bank loans as an international intermediation transfer from industrialized to developing market economies, which concentrated on expenses and advantages, has continued. Our manuscript analyzes the determinants of US bank loans in selected Southeast Asian emerging markets. The most critical variables, based on the statistical approach built around the system-GMM, have a considerable effect on the growth rates of the origin and destination countries. Remarkably, the exchange rate significantly becomes a risk indicator which decrease the US bank flow. Finally, shock in the US economy has been transmitted to the Southeast Asian economies through foreign bank flow.


explaining the variation and that the linguistic output of news stories is better understood as reflective of a range of contextual features including nation, language and differing journalistic cultures. Hauser also examines stylistic variation in print media stories, focusing on summaries of interviews with sports players in two languages (German and English) and four regions (Switzerland, Germany, Australia and Britain). He found similarities between the German and Swiss stories and between the Australian and British ones. Hauser argues that it is too simplistic to put these similarities down to language or nation. Differing journalistic epistemologies writers draw on also contribute to the variation observed. The chapters in this volume make an excellent contribution to our understanding of media discourse by providing evidence of a range of contextual features that can influence linguistic, discursive and multimodal choices. The chapters help provide a glimpse of the complexity of media text production in different situational contexts. Even media genres from the same language group can vary significantly, suggesting a considerable influence of the local culture of production. In the case of Coeseman's chapter, this variation provides potentially alarming evidence of how the same events and actors can be construed in very different ways. The chapters celebrate the impact of culture, however finely or broadly it is defined, on the texts of a given media genre and illustrate that there is much insight and knowledge to be gained from the careful and contrastive study of media genres and discourse practices in different contexts. Several of the chapters also advance the field of comparative discourse analysis by raising important methodological and theoretical issues for consideration. For example, Hauser and Luginbühl both illustrate the value of multifactorial analysis in accounting for finer levels of culture (such as journalistic culture) when explaining patterns in media discourse. For these reasons, this book would be of interest to researchers from any field examining media discourse, and particularly those interested in the impact of context on media discourse. Additionally, and perhaps not an overt goal of the book, this collection provides relevant findings for researchers interested in genre. The chapters offer empirical evidence of the value of exploring genres in their varying contexts of situation and the detail that such an approach can provide for language and cultural analysis. Diachronic research analysis, a major interest for researchers in linguistic approaches to genre, is also touched upon in the chapter by Gaballo. Thus, the volume would also be useful for those interested in the relationship between genre and register.


Objective To assess the clinical value of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) with polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) particles as embolic material in patients with primary hepatic cancer(PHC).Methods Twenty patients with PHC underwent TACE.The mixed emulsion of chemotherapy agents and lipiodol was given to embolize the tumor vessels,and then PVA particles were injected superselectively into the feeding artery of tumors.The tumors size,response rate and Alpha-Fetoprotein(AFP) value were monitored respectively at the end of the first month,the third month,the sixth month and the first year after TACE.The changes of liver function,including serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and total bilirubin(TBILI),were recorded within 1 week and 1 month after TACE.The time to progression and the overall survival were recorded.Results Compared with pre-TACE,the tumor size decreased obviously at the end of the first month,the third month,the sixth month and the first year after TACE(P 0.05),the response rate reached 80.00%,90.00%,95.00% and 95.00%,respectively.The AFP value decreased obviously.Serum AST,ALT and TBILI significantly increased in the first week after TACE(P 0.05),but returned to preoperative level within 1 month.The average follow-up time was(19.8±7.0) months(range 12—32 months),the time to progression was(17.0±6.8) months,and the overall survival was(19.3±7.0) months.Conclusion PVA particles are optimal embolic material for TACE of PHC.Superselective embolization is necessary in TACE to achieve effective tumor devascularization and reduce liver damage.


A series of problems are encountered in the operation and maintenance of high-voltage overhead transmission lines (OTL), these being due to a large extent to the fact that such lines are permanently subjected to meteorological effects (lightning, ice, wind). In OTL some of these effects are of special importance, such as those derived from the generation of vibrations in the conductors under certain conditions as a result of wind action. Consequently, OTL projects should include a study of the probability of different types of vibrations occurring and the means to be installed in order to reduce them. However, it is desirable to have available methods that make it possible to contrast the factors considered in the project with the real inservice behaviour of the lines. The authors describe the work carried out by Hidroelectrica Espanola in this field. >


Although periodic variables are common in quantum systems, there is still some question of their proper commutation relations. The authors show that the standard commutation relations, when applied carefully, do not lead to inconsistencies. They discuss other approaches to the problem in the literature.


With the various side effects associated with synthetic medicines for treating diabetes, there is a need to develop herbal remedies as an alternative. Although Spinacia oleracea L. leaves are used to treat various health conditions, including diabetes, there is little research to validate its antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Spinacia oleracea L. leaves against alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in mice. Hyperglycemia was induced by an injection of alloxan monohydrate 80mg/kg bw. (i.p.). After 72 hours, mice with Blood Glucose Levels above 11.0 mmol/L were selected for the investigation. Both methanolic and ethanolic extracts at 200 mg/kg bw. doses were observed to have antidiabetic effect for 21 consecutive days. Blood Glucose Level was monitored after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days and compared with Glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg b.wt.). Serum lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein] and liver enzymes such as SGPT, and SGOT were also determined. Oral administration of both extracts showed significant (P < 0.05) antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The diabetic mice had significant (P < 0.01) reduction in blood glucose; serum liver enzyme level (SGPT and SGOT) and lipid profile were compared with normal mice.


For high-frequency scattering by a plane electromagnetic wave incident upon a convex surface , the current distribution in the transition region between the illuminated and shadow region, and beyond, was considered by V. A. Fock. The effect of the surface be ing flat and no longer parabolic in the penumbra region is considered here. There are two cases considered, one for which a plane wave is incident along a plane perfec tly conducting surface towards a drop in thi s surface, thi s drop re p· resented by a locally convex parabolic cylinder smoothly joine d to the plane section. An express ion is deri ved for the fi elds on the convex surface in the penumbra region, a nd deep in the shadow region the a ppropria te c reeping wave ex press ion is ob tained. For the other case, a plane wave is incident towa rds a convex pa rabolic sec tion s moothly join ed to a planar sec tion with the parabolic section lying in the illuminated region, and the direction of the incide nt wa ve be in g along the pla nar sec tion. It is s hown that far along thi s Rat section , the total fi e ld on the surface is comprised of the in cident fi eld plu s a t ra velin g wave fi e ld which decreases as the squ are root of the di s tance from the illuminated s ide.


The purpose of this paper is to offer insights that can help researchers to link ontology, epistemology and research methodology. This paper outlines the links among ontology, epistemology and research methodology by exploring ontological, epistemological and methodological perspectives in the research. It discusses how ontological and epistemological issues influence research methodology by providing a clear understanding for different research methodologies based on ontology and epistemology. Furthermore, attention is given to research aspects such as the elements of research process, research philosophy, research approach, research strategy, the choice of method, and research design.


Lophyrus spinosus Duméril & Duméril, 1851 has been considered synonymous with Bronchocela marmorata Gray, 1845 since its original description. The name-bearing type of Lophyrus spinosus is the specimen collected by Hombron and Jacquinot (MNHN 6896) by original designation and the holotype by monotypy of Bronchocela marmorata is the specimen deposited under NHMUK 19188.8.131.52. Accordingly, these two scientific names do not share name-bearing types. Prior to the original descriptions of Lophyrus spinosus and Bronchocela marmorata Hombron & Jacquinot (1843) published a plate depicting Lophyrus spinosus, but only naming the species in French. The nomenclatural implications of this publication are discussed. Our comparison of the holotypes reveals that these two species are not identical. Therefore we resurrect Lophyrus spinosus from its synonymy with Bronchocela marmorata and show that the specimen collected by Hombron and Jacquinot actually belongs to the genus Hypsilurus. Duméril and Duméril (1851) were the first to make the name Lophyrus (= Hypsilurus) spinosus available and the authorship has to be assigned to them. Based on evidence from original travel reports and biogeography we propose that the collection locality of Lophyrus spinosus, i.e. Hypsilurus spinosus Duméril & Duméril (1851), should be corrected to Triton Bay, Kaimana, West Papua, Indonesia.


The reliability of the data center equipment is being compromised as the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers recommendable psychometric limits are stretched outside the recommendable zones. When the ambient conditions are conducive enough the humidity and the gaseous contaminants present in the data centers react with the elements of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) at various temperatures. The products of the reaction may lead to short circuit or extra resistance to the passage of current. This poses an increased threat to the reliability of the PCB. Contamination has become a serious problem in the developing nations like China and India where new data centers are rapidly coming up. The heavy industrialization and vehicular activities are the major source of the contamination. The losses due the corrosion of PCB by contaminants depends on various factors like concentration of gases, amount of humidity present, time of the day, location of the data center, filtration technique used for the air-conditioning system, etc. An actual study of effects of contaminants in data centers across the world would be a tedious task. Computational study saves the time as well as cost for this study. This research study gives deeper insights of the reaction mechanism. A computational study of the reaction of copper foils (representing the PCB) placed in a Paddle Wheel Test setup would be carried out. A Paddle Wheel Test setup gives us the flexibility to test various gases, that could pose a threat to data center equipment, without disturbing the actually data center servers. A reaction of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide on copper in the presence of humidity will be carried out in this study.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


A theoretical model is suggested that describes the effects of misfit stresses on the crystal lattice orientation in nanoparticles in composite films. Formulas for the energy that characterizes the elastic interaction between misfit stresses and different kinds of nanoparticles in composite films are revealed. It is found that misfit stresses tend to cause the orientation order (associated with a preferred orientation of crystal lattices) in nanoparticles embedded into a film matrix.


Friedreich's ataxia is caused by the massive expansion of the GAA·TTC repeats in intron 1 of the frataxin gene. Long GAA·TTC repeats form very stable triplex and/or sticky DNA structures which cause the two repeat tracks to adhere to each other. These structures inhibit the transcription of the frataxin gene thus diminishing the production of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin. Recent studies revealed that sticky DNA, which is unique to FRDA, forms inside living cells and the in vitro association of the long GAA·TTC tracks generates two independent supercoiled domains. Interestingly, DNA sequence-specific polyamides alleviate transcription inhibition associated with these long GAA·TTC repeats. Hence, these initial investigations aimed at gene targeted therapies for FRDA appear promising. Sticky DNA: in vivo Formation in E. coli and in vitro Association of Two Long GAA•TTC Sequences Related to Friedreich's Ataxia. Leslie S. Son, Albino Bacolla, and Robert D. Wells. J. Mol. Biol. 360, 267-284 (2006). DNA Sequence-Specific Polyamides Alleviate Transcription Inhibition Associated with Long GAA•TTC Repeats in Friedreich's Ataxia. Ryan Burnett, Christian Melander, James W. Puckett, Leslie S. Son, Robert D. Wells, Peter B. Dervan, and Joel M. Gottesfeld. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 11497-11502 (2006). Structure-Dependent Recombination Hot Spot Activity of GAA•TTC Sequences from Intron 1 of the Friedreich's Ataxia Gene. Marek Napierala, Ruhee Dere, Alexandre A. Vetcher, and Robert D. Wells. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 6444-6454 (2004). Title: The Distribution of Polypurine•Polypyrimidine Sequences in the Human Genome Authors: Bacolla A, Collins JR, Gold B, Chuzhanova N, Ming Y, Stephens RM, Stefanov S, Olsh A, Jakupciak JP, Dean M, Lempicki RA, Cooper DN, and Wells RD Institutions: 1 Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston TX; 2 Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, NCI-Frederick, MD; 3 Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, NCI-Frederick, MD; 4 Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; 5 DNA Technology Group, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD; 6 Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD. Corresponding author email address: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: Expansion of a polymorphic GAA•TTC repeat in the first intron of the FXN gene severely compromises gene expression, leading to recessive Friedreich's Ataxia (FA). The mechanism is believed to involve non-B DNA structural intermediates either specific for the expanded sequence or common to other polypurine•polypyrimidine (R•Y) tracts. We searched the human genome for long, uninterrupted, R•Y tracts and found 814 that equaled or exceeded 250 bases, the longest totaling 1,303 bases in the CENTA1 gene. Comparative searches in other mammalian and avian genomes also revealed large numbers of tracts. With respect to location, the 814 tracts populated all chromosomes but were significantly clustered in the pseudoautosomal region of sex chromosomes, which plays an indispensable role in male meiosis and chromosome pairing. Of the repetitive motifs with>30 nt, runs of A•T were the most common with a total of 16,679 copies, followed by GAAA•TTTC motifs with 3,217 copies. The FArelated GAA•TTC motif was only present in <400 copies. Comparisons with the chimpanzee genome revealed that the long R•Y tracts evolved at rates at least 30 times faster than genome average. These results strongly implicate the R•Y tracts in the generation of double-strand breaks, which in turn promote high recombination rates, and therefore mutation. We conclude that R•Y tracts with lengths in the range of the FAexpanded GAA•TTC repeats are not uncommon in the human genome; however, none matched the monotonous repetition of identical motifs that characterize the pathological FA-expanded sequence. Expansion of a polymorphic GAA•TTC repeat in the first intron of the FXN gene severely compromises gene expression, leading to recessive Friedreich's Ataxia (FA). The mechanism is believed to involve non-B DNA structural intermediates either specific for the expanded sequence or common to other polypurine•polypyrimidine (R•Y) tracts. We searched the human genome for long, uninterrupted, R•Y tracts and found 814 that equaled or exceeded 250 bases, the longest totaling 1,303 bases in the CENTA1 gene. Comparative searches in other mammalian and avian genomes also revealed large numbers of tracts. With respect to location, the 814 tracts populated all chromosomes but were significantly clustered in the pseudoautosomal region of sex chromosomes, which plays an indispensable role in male meiosis and chromosome pairing. Of the repetitive motifs with>30 nt, runs of A•T were the most common with a total of 16,679 copies, followed by GAAA•TTTC motifs with 3,217 copies. The FArelated GAA•TTC motif was only present in <400 copies. Comparisons with the chimpanzee genome revealed that the long R•Y tracts evolved at rates at least 30 times faster than genome average. These results strongly implicate the R•Y tracts in the generation of double-strand breaks, which in turn promote high recombination rates, and therefore mutation. We conclude that R•Y tracts with lengths in the range of the FAexpanded GAA•TTC repeats are not uncommon in the human genome; however, none matched the monotonous repetition of identical motifs that characterize the pathological FA-expanded sequence. Bacolla A., et al. (2006). Long homopurine•homopyrimidine sequences are characteristic of genes expressed in brain and the pseudoautosomal region. Nucleic Acids Res. 34, 2663-2675. Title: Replication through GAA repeats in Cos-1 Cells Authors: Maria M. Krasilnikova, Sergei M. Mirkin Institutions: Pennsylvania State University, University of Illinois at Chicago Corresponding author email address: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: Long GAA repeat in the intron of frataxin gene is responsible for severe neurological disorder Friedreich's ataxia. The propensity of GAA repeat to impede replication and transcription observed in a number of model systems was proposed as a mechanism of the disease. The detailed mechanisms of how replication and transcription are affected in humans are unknown. It was shown that GAA repeat can adopt triplex structure conformation in supercoiled plasmids. This peculiar DNA conformation is believed to cause problems for the replication and transcription machineries. However, it still has to be proven that this structure is the main cause of Friedreich's ataxia. We have previously shown that replication through GAA repeats, located within the plasmid, is slowed down in yeast. We also pointed out the correlation between replication stalling and instability of the repeat. Now we studied the effects of GAA repeat on replication in mammalian cells. We observed a very strong effect of two (GAA)57 stretches located within the same plasmid on replication in mammalian cells. The orientation of two stretches turned out to be crucial for replication blockage: they should be in head to tail orientation in order to be able to block replication progression. We believe that the complex between two GAA stretches, so-called "sticky DNA" causes replication blockage. Since an extremely long GAA stretch can be viewed as two separate stretches joined together in head to tail orientation, this complex formation can potentially form within a single stretch, provided that it is long enough. This stricture can cause a replication stalling and subsequent instability for the long GAA stretches, characteristic for the full-scale disease. Long GAA repeat in the intron of frataxin gene is responsible for severe neurological disorder Friedreich's ataxia. The propensity of GAA repeat to impede replication and transcription observed in a number of model systems was proposed as a mechanism of the disease. The detailed mechanisms of how replication and transcription are affected in humans are unknown. It was shown that GAA repeat can adopt triplex structure conformation in supercoiled plasmids. This peculiar DNA conformation is believed to cause problems for the replication and transcription machineries. However, it still has to be proven that this structure is the main cause of Friedreich's ataxia. We have previously shown that replication through GAA repeats, located within the plasmid, is slowed down in yeast. We also pointed out the correlation between replication stalling and instability of the repeat. Now we studied the effects of GAA repeat on replication in mammalian cells. We observed a very strong effect of two (GAA)57 stretches located within the same plasmid on replication in mammalian cells. The orientation of two stretches turned out to be crucial for replication blockage: they should be in head to tail orientation in order to be able to block replication progression. We believe that the complex between two GAA stretches, so-called "sticky DNA" causes replication blockage. Since an extremely long GAA stretch can be viewed as two separate stretches joined together in head to tail orientation, this complex formation can potentially form within a single stretch, provided that it is long enough. This stricture can cause a replication stalling and subsequent instability for the long GAA stretches, characteristic for the full-scale disease. Title: DNA sequence-specific polyamides alleviate transcription inhibition associated with long GAA•TTC repeats in Friedreich's ataxia Authors: Daniel A. Harki*, Ryan Burnett, Christian Melander, James W. Puckett*, Leslie S. Son, Robert D. Wells, Peter B. Dervan*, and Joel M. Gottesfeld Institutions: *Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute; Center for Genome Research, Institute for Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center Corresponding author email address: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: The hyperexpansion of GAA•TTC triplet repeats


N.M. Lindor, S.S. Sommer, J. Sobell, L. Heston, and S.N. Thibodeau* Departments of Medical Genetics (N. M. L. ), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S. S. S. ), Health Sciences Research (1. S. ), and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (S.N. T.), Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington and the Washington Institute for Mental Illness Research and Training, Ft . Steilcoorn, Washington 98494 (L. H. ) ; Fax: 507-284-0043


The sorption of the chromium (VI) on durian peel was investigated in a fix bed column. Biosorption experiments were carried out to determine the influence of three different flow rates and bed heights. The column studies were conducted with a glass column with 2 cm diameter and 50 cm height. The results showed that the sorption capacity was strongly dependent on the flow rate and bed height. Also, the column performed well at the lowest flow rate and the highest bed height. As the flow rate increased, the breakthrough curve became steeper, the break point time and sorbed ion concentration decreased. The breakthrough time increased with increasing bed height. The optimal lowest sorbent usage rate was 0.022 g/ml and the minimum bed height values necessary to prevent the effluent solution concentration from exceeding 0.25 mg/l was 12.2 cm for the flow rate of 10 ml/min.


The influence of substrate coupling on advanced high-speed and RF circuits can have a significant impact on circuit performance and must therefore be reduced. Hence, the circuit designer usually applies shielding measures such as guard rings. However, this might not be sufficient for high-performance circuits. Here, also the technology must be optimized to suppress substrate coupling as much as possible. In this work different technology options such as high-resistivity and SOI substrates, transistor isolation techniques, and shielding methods are investigated and their influence on substrate coupling is determined by measurements. In contrast to most previous work, this paper focuses on high-speed and RF circuits, fabricated in advanced bipolar or BiCMOS technologies.


Abstract : A program of investigating possible non-linearity and periodical response errors of LaCoste and Romberg gravity meters over the European Calibration Line (ECL) is presented. Gravity measurements were taken at 147 gravity stations on the ECL, extending from Catania, Sicily to Bodo, Norway. Conversion factors, to correct the manufacturer's calibration tables for non-linearity, were obtained by performing a least squares adjustment on a comparison of gravity meter values with adopted gravity values at eight major stations on the ECL. The report also shows comparisons between the three gravity meters which indicate that the final results, after a correction for non-linearity, are affected by long period variations in meter response. No short period variations were detected.


The crossing of spin-split Landau levels in a Si=SiGe heterostructure is investigated by means of magneto-transport experiments in tilted magnetic elds. We observe a transition from a paramagnetic into a fully spin polarized state. During the transition strongly enhanced maxima in the transverse resistivity xx appear when the parallel eld component is oriented along the Hall bar. We assign this e ect to an energy level structure strongly modi ed by exchange interaction e ects between di erent Landau levels. Surprisingly the maximum in xx totally disappears when the parallel eld component is perpendicular to the Hall bar. ? 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 73.50.Jt; 73.40.Hm; 71.70.d; 71.70.Gm


Four strains with distinctive odor-removal effect were isolated from sa mples near landfill site Likeng in Guangzhou. According to the main components o f odor generated from garbage, a microbial deoderizer was developed.Its removal efficiencies for NH 3,H 2S,total hydrocarbon,odor and aerobic bacterial co unt are 83.3%, 80.7% ,62.5%,86.8%,87.0% respectively.A satisfactory odor-remov ed e ffect was showed when this deodorizer was used in the process of transport and compression of garbage from Tangxia and Yuancun solid waste treatment sites in Guangzhou city.


In our laboratory we have SEM (scanning electron microscopy) from TESCAN, VEGA3LMU model, plus additional 10mm2 SDD detector – x-act.
We analyze various types of samples, like minerals,
metals, teeth, pharmacies samples, dust and etc.
The analyses of micro samples of gold found in eastern
part of Macedonia, are showed below.
We analyze morphology , shape and the dimensions of gold particles and quantitative analysis.


Corporations choose to situate their accommodation in the central business district of the city to gain as many benefits from the location choice. However, annoyance occurs because of the real estate decisions of organisations as they neglect urban planning and context and results in inefficient, inflexible and do not represent companies' characteristics. The research is a study to acquire a better understanding of assessment regarding the interaction between corporate office buildings and the cities. The research is divided into the empirical part and the design part. The empirical part is conducted through the literature review, case study and in-depth interview with experts while the design part is carried out by using the results from the empirical part to design assessment tool to measure the impacts of the corporate office building to the city. It is expected that the tool will benefit local authorities in the building permit process and real estate managers of corporations in planning real estate strategies. Keywords: corporations and cities, corporate real estate management, the city, office buildings, interaction, assessment tool,


Several depth samplings of parent materials (medium and moderately fine-textured calcareous till) of each of 42 soil profiles were analyzed for clay content, CaCO3 equivalent and the quantities of Ca and Mg extractable with acid. As a rule the clay content decreased, and the CaCO3 equivalent content and the Ca/Mg ratio increased with depth in the upper 30 inches. Little or no variation in the respective values of these properties were observed below this depth. On basis of this work, samples for characterization of calcareous Wisconsin till materials should be collected at about 30 inches below the point of initial effervescence. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 2 then click button8


Omoa of northwest Honduras, Central America. This model and the similarities between the facies herein described and braided alluvial deposits formed in other humid settings (proglacial) suggest that the deposits of ancient humid alluvial fans may be readily distinguished from those of arid fans. Humid fans differ from arid fans with respect to slope, gravel roundness, downfan changes in roundness, the patterns of imbrication and long axis orientation, and the abundance of debris flow deposits. Humid fans display a gentle, smoothly sloping concave-upward longitudinal profile, whereas arid fans are steeper and typically consist of segmented straight sections, producing a profile which is concave upward overall. Deposits consist largely of subangular to subrounded gravels and there is typically little change in gravel roundness downfan. Unlike arid fans, angular clasts are rare in humid fans. Imbrication and long-axis orientation transverse to flow are each well developed and, although each may be present on arid fans, their development in a humid setting is more striking. The principal difference, however, is the complete lack, among proximal sediments, of evidence for debris-flow deposition.


In this work, we report the results for a GMR device based on a Co/Cu multilayer with a ring type bridge structure. This newly designed device showed a large angle dependent response when the sample was rotated in an applied field. The imbalance effect from the bridge structure was a consequence of demagnetisation effects in the GMR ring structure, leading to higher internal magnetic fields in the arms of the bridge parallel to the field direction. This simple ring type bridge structure can be suitable for a wide range of magnetic sensor applications.


Objective To summarize the methods of multiple digital replantation in different stages and improve the survival rate of replanted digits Methods In the procedure of replantation for fingertip one artery and one vein were anastomosoed, or one atrery was anastomosed accompanied with pulling out the nail and cutting small incision For middle of digit one artery and one vein were anastomosed For the proximal digit the ratio of anastomose for arteries and veins was 1 to 2 or 2 to 2 Superficial vein from arm or artery from the other finger was used if defection of vessel occur Results One hundred and twenty nine digits survived among the 142 replanted digits from 58 cases (survival rate was 90 8%),among which 113 fingers from 46 cases were subjected to following up form 3 months to 3 years, the rate of excellent and good was 85 8% Conclusion It takes more time and higher techniques to replant multiple digits To improve the survival rate, it is important to anastomose vessel excellently, deal with the defection of vessel correctly, and treat postoperative vessel crisis properly In addition, training exercise plays an important role in fnnctional recovery


This paper deals with large scale map building by using Multi-Robot in D-SLAM framework. D-SLAM is a decoupled solution to the SLAM problem. Specifically, it is demonstrated that each robot estimates a local map using EKF, and these local maps are merged into a global map. In this paper, we propose a new RLS-based algorithm for map merging in this D-SLAM framework. First, we transform local maps into relative information which is considered as measurements for the global map. Then, we update the state estimate by RLS considering the weighting of measurements, which is determined by error propagation from the EKF SLAM. The convergence of the error covariance matrix in this algorithm can be proven. In experimental results, we confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm and correctness of derived theorems for the convergence.


Theexperimental research on the double-track railway Lanzhou-Wuwei Railway (a partof Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway) subgrade loess fills improved with lime revealsthe stiffness mechanism as well as the connection between stress and strainafter the lime treatment of loess. It also analyzes the influential propensityseveral factors have to the lime-improved-loess stiffness and comes up withinfluential patterns these factors have to the stiffness. The experimental resultplays an instructive role in the application of lime-improved-loess in sitespecific projects.


Patients with Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function (GOF) pathogenic variants exhibit susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, and cancer due to enhanced or prolonged STAT1 phosphorylation following cytokine stimulation. While interferons (IFNs) are canonical STAT1 activators, other cytokines that may also contribute to pathology in STAT1 GOF patients have been less well defined. Here we analyzed the immune profiles and cytokine responses of two patients with heterozygous GOF mutations in the STAT1 coiled-coil domain. A systems immunology approach revealed major changes in the T cell compartment and minor changes in the B cells, NK cells, and myeloid cells. Both patients with STAT1 GOF differed from healthy individuals in the abundance and phenotype of effector memory, Th17, and Treg populations. STAT1 GOF T cells displayed a pattern of increased activation and had elevated markers of glycolysis and lipid oxidation. Hypersensitivity of T cells to IL-6 was observed with intense, sustained STAT1 phosphorylation in memory T cell populations that exceeded that induced by IFNs. Together, these results show a role for STAT1 in T cell metabolism and suggest that IL-6 may play a critical role to promote T cell memory formation and activation in patients with STAT1 GOF.


Abstract ELF research has demonstrated that English users employ various communication strategies (CSs) to achieve mutual understanding and deal with uncertainty in ELF conversations. Thus, implementing various CSs is said to be important for learners in ELF interactions. Although a list of CSs might indicate which strategies English learners may ultimately need, it is not necessarily helpful for low-proficiency English learners as they may not be able to use many CSs due to a lack of English language resources. This study attempts to identify CSs that 20 Japanese low-proficiency English users employ in talk-in-interaction with English language instructors. CSs investigated in this study were not restricted to those examined from second language acquisition perspectives but included pragmatic and collaborative strategies identified in various ELF studies. Investigating CSs from the perspective of ELF helps to form a more sensitive analysis of how low-proficiency English users work to achieve successful L2 communication with interlocutors. Results revealed that the students, who were not given prior instruction in strategies, collaboratively employed various CSs to cope with communication breakdown, promote message conveyance, and co-construct a meaningful interaction with their interlocutors. These findings provide insights into how low-proficiency users might manage to achieve successful communication in various ELF settings. Analysis of the data helps to inform teachers which CSs low-proficiency learners may utilize more easily and those for which they may require more intensive practice.


This article examines the concept and colonial reality of the British Mediterranean through the imperial network of trade and migration from and to areas under British political and/or economic control. The hybrid identities of many citizens in the colonial Mediterranean can best be seen in the perception and reality of the ports of the Eastern Mediterranean as cosmopolitan. The article also argues that the role and experience of these migrants as intermediate groups was determined by the form of rule British colonial authorities imposed in each dominion.


Review(s) of: Mindfulness for life, Edited By Stephen McKenzie and Craig Hassed, Exisle Publishing Pty Ltd, 2012, 304 pp., $29.99 (AU paperback), ISBN: 9781921966033.


For this study of perceived behavior and academic ability in a secondary school setting, four clothing styles including two styles of school uniforms were photographed and manipulated. 270 students and 20 teachers from a public high school and a private school, in which uniforms are required, participated. A repeated-measures analysis of variance as well as a Tukey's test were used for data analysis. Independent variables were sex of the model, school, and style of clothing. Dependent variables were perception of behavior, scholastic achievement, and scholastic potential. Perception of school-related behavior and scholastic ability of the models dressed in four styles of clothing varied significantly by style of dress. There were also significant effects for sex of the model and status (teacher vs student) of the perceiver. Results were similar for the two schools in that a school uniform positively affected the perception of academic abilities and school-related behavior of the clothed models for students and teachers.


IntroductionThe nose is the most important part in the aesthetic appearance of the face because of its central position. It is difficult to reconstruct a large through-and through defect of the nasal tip among nasal defect deformities because of its unique individual characteristics. In this article, we describe the successful use of a modified auricular composite graft (larger than traditional size) for the reconstruction of large transmural defects of the nasal tip. Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively examined 4 patients diagnosed with a defect of the nasal tip between 2009 and 2011; in our patients, the size of the defect was between 2 × 1 cm and 2.5 × 1 cm. All of them received the same surgical method. The patients were followed up from 3 to 12 months. After the operation, the patients had hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 7 days to improve graft oxygenation. ResultsAll patients attained relatively full-bodied and smooth nasal contours as well as inconspicuous scars and found their reconstructed nasal tip and alae to be aesthetically satisfactory. Two patients experienced partial epidermal necrosis of the transplanted auricular composite grafts, which was recovered by saline-moistened gauze dressing. All the auricular composite tissue flaps had color change, and the contours of donor ears had little change.


The application of early diesel injection for near-homogeneously premixed charge has been tested in the single-cylinder engine. HCCI engine combustion has been investigated with the variety of engine operating parameters e.g. compression ratio, engine speed and, injection timing. Low compression ratio (14.8) with the advanced injection timing earlier than 50℃A BTDC was applied for achieving well-mixed charge and appropriate combustion phasing. The variation of injection timings were tested for two different engine speed (800 and 1200 rpm) and the results showed that 6.2 ms of ignition delay was required to reduce engine-out NOx emissions to negligible level regardless of engine speed. A sudden increase of power-output was captured at around injection timing=70℃A BTDC. A visualization of the spray explained that the power-output was high due to the increased air utilization by the spray directing the bowl-lip area resulting in improved mixture preparation and combustion efficiency.


The marketing contributes to the conquest and sell of products and services to clients. Besides these actions, the development of banks is greatly based on their capacity to keep their clients and to create a favorable image for the future objects by means of verbal communication. We often hear that "if a client is satisfied he speaks about his satisfaction to three or four of his friends, but when he is not satisfied he shares this with more than twelve people". Around us, the advice coming from the people close to us – especially the family – contributes to the selection of group "leaders". Their influence is increasing. Taking into consideration the rate of market satiation in Europe, for this profession as banker, but also the low rate related to the renewal of clients according to demographic transformations, it is useless to insist over the importance of quality. Searching for a position in accordance with the principles of durable development and of an equitable trade, often offers an image highly wanted by the actors in their media. In addition, it allows to build a significant wall, if one day they are exposed to the occurrence of high risks.


Cold mix asphalt (CMA) is an eco-friendly sustainable asphalt mixture, mostly for asphalt surface treatments (ASTs). However, material compatibility and poor adhesion leading to high voids, moisture damage susceptibility, and weak early strength remain challenging. Efforts to solve this limitation is beamed towards binder improvement and modification with modifiers, adhesion promoters, or polymers. Other forms of AST mixture improvement entail supplementary cementitious reinforcing or pozzolanic agents in the form of by-products. In this study, the physio-mechanical and microstructural desirability of spent garnet for use as fine aggregate in CMAwas explored. Spent garnet is a by-product of abrasive blasting, often produced in large quantities and disposed of in landfills. Often, spent garnet waste gets contaminated with toxic elements either during usage or in landfills.This studyaimedtoinvestigatethe properties of Automatically(AG)and Manually generated (MG) spent garnet grades. The physio-mechanical, morphologic, and chemical parameters of spent garnet were assessed to achieve this aim. The result compared with relevant specifications on cold mixtures plus Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) requirement. Moreover, crystallinity and composition were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). The presence of toxic heavy metals that often contaminate spent garnet deposits in landfills was evaluated too. Results suggested that both AG and MG's high sand equivalent and least water absorption of 98 %, 89 %, and 0.14 %, 0.23 % accordingly, and can replace sand in CMA. However,MGspentgarnetisnotdesirableforchemicallysensitivematerials.TheAGgarnet was found to be Pyrope while the MG spent garnet is largely Almandine garnet – the strongest form of garnet, including traces of other garnet forms.


Introduction The global pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been promoting major challenges and unprecedented clinical decisions in the medical scenario. Currently, according to the World Health Organization, the disease affects over 185 countries, with over 12 million people infected and nearly 500 thousand deaths. Among the most serious manifestations of the syndrome, the high prevalence of thromboembolic events, up to 31% of the patients hospitalized in intensive care units, according to an international series, calls attention.– Different [...]


Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and Ki-67 in bladder transitional cell cancer(BTCC)and to explore the correlation between VEGF and Ki-67 in the angiogenesis of tumor and tumor cell proliferation.Methods The expressions of VEGF and Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemical methods in 68 cases of BTCC. The correlation between the expression of VEGF and Ki-67 and various clinicopathological parameters including pathological grade,recurrence, metastasis and prognostic evaluation were analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of VEGF and Ki-67 in 68 cases of BTCC were 73.53% and 70.59% respectively.There was a significant difference in VEGF and Ki-67 expression among differently pathological grade, and the positive rate in high grade was significantly higher than that in low grade(P0.05).The positive rate of the invasive tumor was significantly higher than that in superficial tumor(P0.05).The positive rate in recurrence group was significantly higher than that in non-recurrence group(P0.05). The combined positive rate difference of Ki-67-and VEGF had statistical significance(P0.01). Conclusions The expression of VEGF and Ki-67, especially the positive combined expression plays an important role in the judgment of recurrence and prognostic evaluation.


For a bulk carrier in alternate heavy loading conditions, it is noted that the double bottom of an empty hold is subjected to both longitudinal thrust due to hull girder bending in hogging and local bending caused by high pressure loads on bottom plating. In order to examine the influence of local bending of the double bottom on the ultimate hull girder strength, a series of nonlinear calculations is performed applying three different methods. The first method is Smith's method using in-house code, HULLST, to evaluate ultimate hull girder strength under pure bending. The second is the application of a new system recently developed by the authors. This method is a combination of load/motion analysis by Singularity Distribution Method and progressive collapse analysis by ISUM/FEM. The third is nonlinear FEM analysis using a commercial code, MSC.Marc. It has been found that bending deformation is produced not only in the double bottom but also in the bilge hopper tank, and the ultimate hull girder strength is reduced by roughly 20% due to this local bending.


For as long as I can remember, we have had educational systems in the United States. We have had a system of Higher Education, a Public School system, and State, County, and City School systems. People refer to the educational system in one city and compare it favourably or unfavourably with the systems of other cities. Since the term system is certainly not new to education, it is reasonable for educators to wonder why the systems approach is exciting some of their colleagues. Why is it that some educators appear to have discovered something new when the concept of systems has been in common use for so long?


As we enter the new century, there are multiple debates about what teachers need to know, who should provide education for teachers, how teachers should be certified and licensed, and what role (if any) university-based teacher preparation should play in school improvement. The author argues that the future of teacher education in the United States depends to a great extent on the ways three fundamental questions are framed: the knowledge question, the learning question, and the outcomes question. To a great extent, the ways these questions are framed and their larger agendas for the purposes and consequences of schooling will determine the future of the field.


As a first step towards developing phage M13 as a cloning vector we have investigated the in vivo insertion of a transposable ampicillin-resistance element (Hedges and Jacob 1974; Heffron et al. 1975a,b, 1977) into its genome. Passage of M13 through Escherichia coli RSF2124, a strain carrying the element Tn 3 inserted into the plasmid ColE1 (So et al. 1975), yielded phage preparations capable of transducing sensitive E. coli strains to ampicillin resistance. By repeated colony purification of transduced cells on ampicillin plates we have isolated clones that produce homogeneous transducing phage capable of transducing ampicillin resistance with high efficiency. We describe here the properties of one of these isolates, which we have termed M13 Tn 3 –15. To establish that the transducing activity is associated with the M13 phage produced by resistant cells, we have investigated the ability of antibodies against the M13 coat protein to inactivate both the plaque-forming ability and the transducing activity of the M13 Tn 3 -15 phage. Table 1 shows that both plaque formation and transduction to drug resistance are inactivated by purified antibodies to the viral coat protein. Gamma globulins from rabbits that had not been injected with coat protein had no effect on either plaque formation or transduction. Electron microscopic observation of the M13 Tn 3 -15 phages shows them to have a mean length approximately 1.7 times that of the M13 unit length. Figure 1 shows M13 and M13 Tn 3 -15 in a mixture of the two phages. Replicative forms (RF) of the M13 Tn 3 -15 DNA have been isolated...


Proteoglycans are one of the most important components of the extracellular matrix in the cartilage and the levels of proteoglycans. such as versican and aggrecan, increase during chondrogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous proteoglycans from salmon nasal cartilage on chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow aspiration of rabbit femurs were induced to chondrogenic lineage using a pellet culture technique. Pellets were cultured in the medium with or without cell growth factors. with or without proteoglycans. or a combination of these agents. Pellets treated with cell growth factors became hypertrophic and showed lacuna formation. and synthesis of cartilage matrix was recognized histologically. The expression of type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA were decreased in pellets incubated with a combination of cell growth factors and proteoglycans, compared to those incubated with only cell growth factors. Exogenous proteoglycans may down-regulate the expression of cartilage-specific mRNA directly, or may interact with growth factors in the culture medium. As the increase of glycoprotein during chondrogenesis is important for determining the direction and degree of differentiation. exogenous proteoglycans may have a similar effect. Hirosaki Med. ). 59: 98-103, 2008 m~~B9~:*'HJfrI)' i.7 r 1) ''J:7 AO)~~~af?66t.:. ~*~~~B9:i1f~~"C' &0~ 2~:J 7-7' /' .B J:. U'7 :7" 1) 7J /'0) mRNA 7eJ~~±. :J /' r (1- JvM.B J:. U' PG M"C'~± '1 C: Iv C:'Je;f~~ a{?,66 7d: \,\iJ\ GF M-c'~±i% OC7d: geJ~~ ~.66 t.:. LiJ, L GF C: PG ~m=fflT ~ C: GF JtRfJ(iJq! PiIJll ~ nt.:iJ'. PG C: GF O)ffili fFffl~: J:. ~~~ C:~ it Gnt.:. !fiX*%1~0)~f!£-c '96J~T~fJ.! -7 /' J~:7~ '±, %1~0) }J(U)'~l-\=,;f!£oc ~~JET ~ li~7d: 1Z9~-c'&0 ~ C:~ it Gn. )'i.lZ9ttO) PG ~: b (PJf*O)~1J*iJ{&0~ b 0) C:~ it Gn~.


The invention discloses a lens cleaning process during processing, comprising the following steps: (1) using a fixing device to fix the lenses to be cleaned; (2) placing the fixed lenses in cleaning solution with cleaning agents; (3) adjusting the pH value of the cleaning solution to be 7-8 and the temperature to be 45-55 DEG C; (4) using ultrasonic waves to clean the lenses; (5) using pure water to rinse the lenses to remove the residual cleaning agents on the surfaces of the lenses; (6) slowly pulling the pure water to form vaporous pure water on the surfaces of the lenses; (7) using an oven to dry and cool the lenses; and (8) adopting drying agents to re-dry the lenses in the closed environment so as to thoroughly remove the water stains on the surfaces of the lenses. By adjusting the pH value and temperature value, adopting repeated drying modes in different types and adding slow pure water pulling, the process not only can thoroughly dry the lenses but also can improve the cleaning effect of the lenses without increasing the washing times.


In this study we discuss superiority of Cobalt for using in 3D interconnection as alternative metal to Cu. Specimens composed of pure Sn and Co or Cu is aged under same aging condition varied time and temperature below melting point of Sn. Thickness of IMC (intermetallic compound) formed at the interface is then calculated for extraction of growth rate and kinetics like activation energy and power factor. Compared with each factors extracted from calculation, IMC formation and growth of Co/Sn has stronger time and temperature dependence than IMC of Cu/Sn. Furthermore, no voids was observed at any interface in Co/Sn bonding.


Groundwater and stream water data collected at three headwater catchments in the Neversink River watershed indicate that base flow is sustained by groundwater from two sources: a shallow flow system within the till and soil and a deep flow system within bedrock fractures and bedding planes that discharges as perennial springs. Data from eight wells finished near the till/bedrock interface indicate that saturated conditions are not maintained in the shallow flow system during most summers. In contrast, the discharge of a perennial spring remained constant during two summer rainstorms, providing evidence that the deep flow system is disconnected from the shallow flow system in summer. Discharge from perennial springs was the principal source of streamflow in a headwater reach during low flow. Mean NO3− concentrations were 20–25 μmol L−1 in five perennial springs during the summer but only 5–10 μmol L−1 in shallow groundwater. Thus the deep flow system does not reflect typical NO3− concentrations in the soil during summer. A hydrologic budget at a headwater drainage reveals that March and late fall are the principal groundwater recharge periods. Residence time modeling based on analyses of 18O and 35S indicates that groundwater in the deep flow system is 6–22 months old. These data indicate that summer base flow largely originates from previous dormant seasons when available soil NO3− is greater. In these Catskill watersheds, high base flow concentrations of NO3− during summer do not provide sufficient evidence that the atmospheric N deposition rate exceeds the demand of terrestrial vegetation.


We determined the impact of different fertilization, namely organic vs. mineral fertilization, on the mesoscale parameter cyclic compressibility as well as on rheology of soil samples as a microscale parameter and how these parameters are related. Therefore, undisturbed samples were taken from a long-term fertilization trial at the Dikop farm near Bonn (Germany) and tested for their mechanical and hydraulic properties. This paper examines the sensitivity of the soil towards cyclic loading (mesoscale) and oscillatory shearing at the microscale by means of an amplitude sweep test and the resulting parameter maximum shear stress. Fertilization increased cyclic compressibility and thus revealed structural weakness of fertilized soil samples, so did shear stress at the microscale. The main reason for this was a decrease in bulk density in the wake of fertilization. However, within the range of fertilized soil samples, the soil structure became less susceptible towards cyclic loading and oscillatory shearing, respectively, the more organic matter the soil contained (equivalent to the fertilization level). This was assumedly caused by enhanced cementation due to organic substances that could partly substitute the direct graingrain contacts generally contributing to soil strength. The similar behavior of cyclic compressibility and maximum shear stress enabled a first approach to relate soil mechanical parameters at the microscale to those at the mesoscale.


Simple field measurements of the physical properties of kelp (Laminaria japonica ARESCHOUG) have revealed the relationship between its bulk density and compressive stress, and this knowledge can then be used to determine the maximum load and the location of the center of gravity on a small vessel for kelp cultivation. According to the results, the relaxation and pressure gradient to the bulk density can be separated by measurement 2 minutes after loading. This moment defines the setting time as the variation in the bulk density comes within 1%, according to the hysteresis acting reciprocally on the load. The compressibility factor shows a steady value (0.464) regardless of the sampling area, against the initial bulk density which shows a wide distribution. Therefore, it may well be that this parameter consists of one of the characteristic physical properties of kelp.


In The Non-Israelite Nations in the Book of the Twelve Daniel Timmer offers the first comprehensive survey of the 'nations' in the Minor Prophets. The study approaches this important but highly diverse theme through the lens of conceptual coherence and demonstrates the interrelation of synchronic/holistic and diachronic/compositional approaches. After exploring the theme in each of the individual books of the Twelve and noting the varying degrees of coherence evident in each case, Timmer brings his findings to bear on contemporary understandings of the Twelve as a collection, arguing for the theme's coherence across the collection on the basis of each book's unique treatment of the nations.


ABSTRACT This research is meant to find out the influence of cash turnover, account receivables turnover, inventory turnover and debt to equity ratio to the profitability. The sample selection has been done by using purposive sampling at pharmaceutical companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with the selected criteria i.e.pharmaceutical companies which have financial report data in 2011-2015 periods, the pharmaceutical companies which have been listing in Indonesia since 1990. Based on research methods, it shows that 6 pharmaceutical companies have been obtained as samples. The analysis technique has been done by using multiple linear regressions analysis, F test, t test, and test classic assumptions. The result of the research indicates that account receivable turnover gives positive and significant influence to the profitability, cash turnover gives significant and negative influence to the profitability and debt to equity ratio gives significant and negative influence to the profitability. Meanwhile, inventory turnover does not give any significant and negative influence to the profitability. Keywords: accounts receivable turnover, debt to equity ratio, profitability


FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: first in building slips they perform check assembly of end and closing panels, cutting of edges in end and closing panels and their mutual fitting for welding, temporary fixing elements and levelling devices are attached to cantilever and closing panels. End panels are joined to cantilevers of span stiffening girder cantilevers, their position is adjusted along line and grade, a mounting gap is created between them. The support part is wedged, and a closing panel is installed into the span, cantilever sections of the span are moved, the mutual position of joined panels is calibrated with the help of a levelling device, and they are joined temporarily. Then support parts are wedged out, and joints are arranged between end panels and the closing panel with the help of permanent connecting elements and electric welding, afterwards temporary fixing elements and the guide device are removed. The levelling device comprises fixing beams and coaxial stops with receiving holes. EFFECT: method improvement. 3 cl, 8 dwg


Nasal epithelium inflammation plays an important role in transmitting and amplifying damage signals for the lower airway. However, the molecular basis of nasal epithelium inflammation damage has not been fully addressed. Mst1 is reported to modulate inflammation via multiple effects. Thus, the aim of our study is to understand the pathological mechanism underlying Mst1‐related nasal epithelium inflammation in vitro. Our result indicated that Mst1 expression was rapidly increased in response to tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) treatment in vitro and this effect was a dose‐dependent manner. Interestingly, knockdown of Mst1 via transfecting small interfering RNA markedly reversed cell viability in the presence of TNF‐α. Further, we found that Mst1 deficiency reduced cellular oxidative stress and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by reversed mitochondrial complex‐I activity, decreased mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening rate, and stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential. Besides, we found that Nrf2 expression was increased after deletion of Mst1 whereas silencing of Nrf2 abolished the protective effects of Mst1 deletion on nasal epithelium survival and mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, Nrf2 overexpression also protected nasal epithelium against TNF‐α‐induced inflammation damage. Altogether, our data confirm that the Mst1 activation and Nrf2 downregulation seem to be the potential mechanisms responsible for the inflammation‐mediated injury in nasal epithelium via mediating mitochondrial damage and cell oxidative stress.


The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of rotation of employees fairness aspect on satisfaction and employees performance in one of the private companies in Yogyakarta. Specifically, this research examines and analyzes the influence of distributive fairness and procedural fairness employees rotation on employees job satisfaction and employees performance . This study used survey method by using a census of all employees 90 people . Data analysis using SEM with AMOS program. The results show that the distributive justice rotation has positive effect on employee satisfaction and employee performance . Procedural fairness rotation positive effect on employees job satisfaction, but has no direct effect on performance. Job satisfaction in this study mediate the effect of procedural fairness rotation of employees on employees performance. Keywords: Job rotation, distributive fairness, procedural fairness, employees satisfaction and performance.


Faced with significant homogeneity of both the status quo of physical education curriculum content standards of vocational colleges and universities,the direction of reform training personnel from both the physical education curriculum goals to explore the similarities and differences between vocational colleges,and propose to train goals as the starting point; professional features as the main direction of reform; build sports course " industry group" type vocational colleges to the employment needs of the main objectives of the reform in order to promote physical education curriculum higher category " student-oriented" professional and practicality.


A definition of intelligence is given in terms of performance that can be quantitatively measured. In this study, we have presented a conceptual model of Intelligent Agent System for Automatic Vehicle Checking Agent (VCA). To achieve this goal, we have introduced several kinds of agents that exhibit intelligent features. These are the Management agent, internal agent, External Agent, Watcher agent and Report agent. Metrics and measurements are suggested for evaluating the performance of Automatic Vehicle Checking Agent (VCA). Calibrate data and test facilities are suggested to facilitate the development of intelligent systems. Keywords : VCA, Agents .


Stirred tanks are used for several operations in industrial practice. Numerous scientific papers have been presented in literature dealing with experimental results on these applications. Comparisons and valuations of these data often fail because geometric parameters, experimental conditions, and measurement techniques differ notably. herefore, it can be observed that correlations derived on the basis of these experiments often show large discrepancies. In a cooperative test of nine German working groups different experiments were carried out in stirred tanks under completely standardized conditions. Thereby, common measurement techniques were examined in their reliability.