To examine the effect of double infection by hypovirulence-associated viruses on the phenotype of Cryphonectria parasitica, dsRNAs from two Michigan hypovirulent isolates were cytoplasmically transferred into a common nuclear background. The coinfected strain had a dsRNA banding pattern profile that represented the sum total of the dsRNA segments of the parental strains. The douby infected strain was less virulent than either of the singly infected strains. Asexual segregation of the dsRNA viruses was followed through single-conidial isolates. The resulting asexual progeny contained one or both parental dsRNAs without any detected exchange of dsRNA segments. These findings indicate that field isolates of C. parasitica containing more than one dsRNA segment may be coinfected and that asexual segregation patterns relating dsRNA segments to hypovirulence phenotypes should be pursued before assuming the observed hypovirulence phenotype is due to a single virus


Here, we report a new surgical technique designed to increase filtration volume and reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma and its one-year outcome. Two tubes were created from a single Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BI) by folding the tube in a U-shape and incising only the outer edge of the stretched loop tip. The tubes were placed into the vitreous cavity via the pars plana through a long scleral tunnel, without a scleral valve or graft patch. Twenty eyes of 18 patients with neovascular glaucoma were included. This technique was performed in 10 eyes of 10 patients (double group), and outcomes were compared to 10 eyes of eight patients in which a single tube BI was inserted (single group). The primary outcome measures included IOP, supplemental medical therapy score (SMTS), and intraoperative and postoperative complications before and after surgery at 12 months. The mean IOP (SMTS) were 32.0 ± 11.33 mmHg (4.1) in the double group and 29.7 ± 6.31 mmHg (5.7) in the single group, preoperatively reduced to 11.8 ± 2.70 mmHg (0.2) (63% reduction, p < 0.004) and 14.2 ± 4.05 mmHg (1.1) (52% reduction, p < 0.002) after 12 months, respectively. SMTS showed 95% (p = 0.005) and 89% (p = 0.005) reductions, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in IOP between the two groups at 12 months (p = 0.16), there were significant differences in the SMTS between the two groups before, and 6 and 12 months after, surgery (p = 0.01, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively). A reduction in the SMTS suggests that increasing filtration volume by placing two tubes has the potential to further reduce IOP as compared with a single tube.


For 1-methoxymethylaziridine 1 it is proved experimentally (GED) and theoretically that the equilibrium conformers are stabilised by the anomeric effects n(N) → σ*(C–O) and n(O) → σ*(C–N), whereas in the case of methoxymethyldimethylamine 2 the calculations predict the existence of a conformer appropriate to the n(N) → σ*(C–O) effect.


BACKGROUND
Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common syndrome with no known etiology in up to 50% of cases. We estimated associations between urethral bacteria and NGU in men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with women (MSW).

METHODS
Urine was collected from NGU cases (129 MSM; 121 MSW) and controls (70 MSM; 114 MSW) attending a Seattle STD clinic. Cases had ≥5 polymorphonuclear leukocytes on Gram stain plus symptoms or discharge; controls had <5 PMNs, no symptoms, no discharge. NGU was considered idiopathic when Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus were absent. The urethral microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compositional lasso analysis was conducted to identify associations between bacterial taxa and NGU, and to select bacteria for targeted quantitative PCR (qPCR).

RESULTS
Among NGU cases, 45.2% were idiopathic. Based on compositional lasso analysis, we selected Haemophilus influenzae (HI) and Mycoplasma penetrans (MP) for targeted qPCR. Compared to 182 men without NGU, the 249 men with NGU were more likely to have HI (14% vs. 2%) and MP (21% vs. 1%) (both p≤0.001). In stratified analyses, detection of HI was associated with NGU among MSM (12% vs. 3%, p=0.036) and MSW (17% vs. 1%, p<0.001), but MP was associated with NGU only among MSM (13% vs. 1%, p=0.004). Associations were stronger in men with idiopathic NGU.

CONCLUSIONS
HI and MP are potential causes of male urethritis. MP was more often detected among MSM than MSW with urethritis.


Polymer modified cement based repair mortars are usually preferred in repair of reinforced concrete structures. However, there is an unconsciousness in the design, usage and determination of quality control criteria of these materials. Producers and in particular practicers have a wrong prejudice as repair mortars with high compressive strength will solve all problems. In some cases, high compressive strength of repair mortars may negatively affect their harmony with substrate concrete. This situation usually causes a drastic reduction in service life of repair mortars. In actual there are two basic conditions that can accepted as the key points of a successful repair in practice: The design of repair mortars should be according to the targeted rheological properties and the adhesion of repair mortar with substrate should be at desired values. In addition to these conditions, the harmony of repair mortar with substrate concrete from the view point of dimensional stability should be taken into consideration. The properties mentioned above can be obtained by the modification of cement based repair mortars by different types of polymer based materials. However, in the stage of selection of polymer type and determination of optimum usage amount, the rheological parameters (yield stress and plastic viscosity) of fresh mortars should be determined. For this purpose, rheometers designed for cement mortar can be used. The rheological properties of repair mortars are closely related to their application methods. For example, if repair mortar will be sprayed, high plastic viscosity and high yield stress should be targeted in order to prevent sagging. However, if repair mortar will be poured in a mould with a self-compactable consistency, the yield stress should be reduced and plastic viscosity should be maintained at an optimum level to prevent segregation. On the other hand, the adhesion strength between repair mortar and substrate concrete can be determined by using pull-off test machines (ASTM D4541), by this way the effect of polymer admixtures on adhesion strength can be compared. In the scope of the project, the effects of polymer admixtures used in repair mortar design [polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-acrylic ester (SAE), polyvinylidine chloride (PVDC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and methyl cellulose (MC)] will be investigated and the adhesion strengths of these repair mortars on concrete substrates will be compared. Project is composed of three stages: In the first stage, experimental studies will be focused on the selection of polymer admixture type and optimisation of their amount for the targeted rheological parameters (yield stress and plastic viscosity). In the second stage, polymer modified mortars at selected dosages will be applied on concrete substrates. After the sample application, the performances of repair mortars will be compared by using pull-off test results. At this stage the effect of surface roughness and humidity of concrete substrates on adhesion strength will also be investigated. In the last stage, the effects of curing conditions on time dependent adhesion strength of repair mortars will be compared. The results will provide a database and guidance for the repair mortar producers and users.


Abstract The kinetics of formation and development of heterophase structure was investigated in a wide range of heating/cooling rates in single crystals of GMO and BNNO, with controlled spatial distribution of defects.


SALMA NUR TSANIYAH. Testing the procedure of land suitability evaluation for teak (Tectona grandis). Under academic supervision of CAHYO WIBOWO Procedures for land suitability evaluation for several species have been made by expert institution, but the procedures still contain unclear procedure for several items. The objectives of this research were testing the available procedures for land suitability evaluation for teak (but the procedures have not been clear yet for some items), which comprise among others, testing / determination of soil layers, where several soil variables become the determinant for land suitability for teak, and testing the extent where Liebig law of the minimum could be applied. This research was conducted for two months in Tectona grandis plantation of BKPH Sadang (KPH Purwakarta), Laboratory of Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Plots were determined with purposive sampling scheme and the data used were land characteristics and actual site quality index. Testing was conducted by comparing the final results of land suitability evaluation (from matching process) with actual site quality index. Research results showed that depth of soil layers for several soil variables (texture, pH, and P2O5 content) which were most suitable for determination of land suitability for Tectona grandis plantation was the thickest layer at depth of 0 – 30 cm. Liebig law of the minimum could be used as method of evaluation of land suitability evaluation, but for several cases, Liebig law of the minimum could not be applied.


A new species of Bamboo from Vietnam is described and illustrated. Schizostachyum nghianum is recognized from northern Vietnam, where it occurs at 300 m in Trung Ha Commune, Chiem Hoa District, Tuyen Quang Province. It is distinguished from the closely related S. funghomii and S. pseudolima by sheath apex truncate, bract one, lemma with apical mucro c. 1 mm, the palea apex entire (not bifid) and the filaments.


This work studies the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on mechanical properties, thermal behavior and microstructures of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that melting temperature and crystallinity of the nanocomposites are affected by incorporating TiO2; the crystallinity reaches maximum at low TiO2 loading following with a significant reduction when the content of TiO2 higher than 2 wt%. To deeply understand structure–property relationship, SAXS experiments were carried out. The results indicated that the nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed in the HDPE matrix. The TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit surface-fractal characteristic at small scale. At large scale, with TiO2 content increasing, TiO2 clusters grow gradually until 2 wt%. The optimum microstructures and mechanical properties of HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites were achieved at about 2 wt% loading. POLYM. COMPOS., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the findings and significance of postoperative imaging after living related liver transplantation (LRLT) in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed all imaging findings, including those of post-LRLT ultra-sonography (US) and computed tomography (CT), in 20 children who had undergone LRLT at our institute. Results : Postoperative findings on US and CT were perihepatic or subcapsular fluid collection (60%), periportal edema (35%), anastomotic narrowing of the IVC (10%), biliary stricture (5%), and focal hepatic infarction (5%). Liver biopsy was performed in nine patients in whom rejection was clinically suspected, and pathologic examination revealed acute rejection in five. US and CT revealed perihepatic fluid collection in one of these, periportal edema and fluid collection in two, and normal findings in two. Conclusion : An understanding of the various postoperative findings after LRLT is helpful for accurate diagnosis and appropriate decisions regarding the preservation of normal graft function.


The Historical Dictionary of the Eisenhower Era examines significant individuals, organizations, and events in American political, economic, social, and cultural history during this era in American history. In addition to the hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on politics, economics, diplomacy, literature, science, sports, and popular culture, a chronology, introductory essay, and several appendixes are also included in this valuable reference.


The purpose of the current study was to identify products of protein degradation and immunohistochemical changes of proteins distribution after high energy laser application. The rabbit lenses were irradiated in vivo with pulse-repetitive (F equals 50 Hz, (tau) im equals 250 microsecond(s) , Paver equals 10 W) 1.06 (mu) km wavelength laser radiation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrilamide electrophoresis of lens proteins following laser treatment showed decrease of 30 and 27 kDa molecular weight polypeptides in soluble fraction, loss of 70 kDa and decrease of 26 kDa molecular weight polypeptides in the insoluble fraction. New high molecular weight proteins in insoluble fraction were observed. Using the anti-MP70 monoclonal antibodies for immunofluorescence microscopy MP70 membrane junctional protein distribution after the laser cataract formation has been studied. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed an abundance of MP70 antigen in the normal lens outer cortex. No labeling after the laser impact in outer cortex and nucleus was found.


The ideal of a sustainable development is becoming more and more important in the area of environment. This essay attempts to show the requirements of the arrangement of a sustainable groundwater protection. This will be specified by the relationship between the agriculture and the water supply. The problems will be investigated by using the method of an environmental economical analysis to estimate the ecological costs of groundwater pollution. The ecological agriculture is an optimal protection strategy of ground water resources in relation to the criterion sustainability.


Successful implementation of an intelligent system for automated map generalization requires formalization of cartographic principles that are, in many cases, only intuitively understood. Formalizing these principles requires acquisition and re-expression in the form of semantic nets, frames, production rules, or similar formalization methods. The various techniques for cartographic knowledge acquisition have been discussed on a theoretical basis; however, little empirical research has been conducted. This paper reports on empirical acquisition of cartographic knowledge by reverse engineering; that is, on trying to recapitulate decisions made on published documents or maps. The work is based on a computer-assisted multi-scale inventory of the Austrian National Topographic Map Series. Queries of the relational database, within which inventory data are stored, lead to the formulation of prototype production rules for modifying map symbols during automatic scale changes. Components of map generalization expr...


Box structures provide a rigorous and systematic process for performing systems development with objects. Box structures represent data abstractions as objects in three system views and combine the advantages of structured development with the advantages of object orientation. As data abstractions become more complex, the box structure usage hierarchy allows stepwise refinement of the system design with referential transparency and verification at every step. An integrated development environment based on box structures supports flexible object-based systems development patterns. We present a classic example of object-based systems development using box structures.


Content-Centric Networking (CCN) focuses on content acquisition rather than end-to-end communication by decoupling content resources from special hosts. CCN does not need maintain stable paths between nodes and is independent of IP addresses, which make CCN convenient and efficient for mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In this paper, we develop an analytical model of content acquisition for Content-Centric MANET (CCM) in two-dimensional case, which considers in-network caching and nodes mobility. Closed-form expressions for round trip time and throughput are derived as functions of miss probabilities. From the expressions, we can obtain the relationship among the round trip time, cache size and content popularity. Simulations show that our model can be used as a guide to design CCM and to evaluate its performance.


SUMMARY The intimate cell relationships of Hymenolepis diminuta are described and occur between cells of the parenchyma, excretory system, muscle and tegument. The cell relationships are of three types: (a) a tight junction or zonula occludens; (b) a desmosome-like structure without tonofibrils or intercellular dense line; (c) a junctional complex with modified unit membranes and an intercellular region of dense granules and fibres. This research was begun while one of us (L.T.T.) was a Visiting Lecturer in the Biology Department, Rice University, and completed in the Zoology Department, Queen's University, Belfast. We should like to thank Dr C. W. Philpott for allowing us the full use of the facilities of his electron-microscope unit and Mr W. Ferguson for photographic assistance.


Cracked heels are common painful condition in women who go barefoot, wear sandals, or poorly fitting unpadded shoes. Find out what can be done to improve appearance.


by Miss Fernald herself; and has now been properly re-titled Maitreya in Ketumati, a change that involved the new identification of five major figures in the painting. Professor Bachhofer also undertook to challenge the presumed 1298 date of the fresco, proposing, on what seem like pretty slim grounds, that it be advanced to A. D. 1320. Miss Fernald prefers to hold with the original attribution. The question is admittedly not an easy one, but on the basis of the evidence presented, this reviewer finds her arguments the more convincing. The female figure receiving the tonsure has also been a subject of disagreement, with Professor Bachhofer calling her Brahmavau, the mother of Maitreya. This seems a purely arbitrary designation based on negative evidence only while Miss Fernald's choice of SyamavatT, Queen of KetumatX, seems logical on all grounds. Less successful is the attempt (in both the Fernald and White versions) to identify a bowl of fruit held by one of the Bodhisattvas as Chun ware of the Sung Dynasty. The shape of the bowl is not particularly Sung in spirit, and it would be a very rare Chun indeed that had a border around the rim like that so clearly indicated in the painting. It looks much more like a metal vessel in every respect.


............................................................................................................................................. iii Lay summary ...................................................................................................................................... v Preface ................................................................................................................................................ vi Table of contents .............................................................................................................................. vii List of tables....................................................................................................................................... ix List of figures ...................................................................................................................................... x List of symbols and abbreviations .................................................................................................. xii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... xiv 1 Chapter 1: Background.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Nanoparticles size and aspect ratio effect .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Nanoparticles clustering effect .................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 10 1.4 Organization of thesis .............................................................................................................. 10 2 Chapter 2: Theory and governing equations ......................................................................... 11 2.1 Macroscale governing equations .............................................................................................. 11 2.2 Mesoscale theoretical background ........................................................................................... 14 2.3 Solid-liquid interfacial interactions in mesoscopic method ..................................................... 16 2.4 Boundary conditions for mesoscopic/macroscopic method .................................................... 19 2.5 Microscale theoretical background .......................................................................................... 20 2.6 Microscale Job algorithm ......................................................................................................... 21 3 Chapter 3: Macroscopic and mesoscopic numerical analysis of nanoparticles size effect on nanofluids effective thermal conductivity ..................................................................................... 23 3.1 Benchmark problems ............................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Numerical microstructure generation ...................................................................................... 25 3.3 Results and discussions ............................................................................................................ 26 3.3.1 Effect of nanoparticles size ............................................................................................... 26 3.3.2 Benchmark for nanoparticles size effect .......................................................................... 26 3.3.3 Nanofluid system .............................................................................................................. 32 3.3.4 Effect of nanoparticle aspect ratio (shape) ....................................................................... 36 4 Chapter 4: Microscopic numerical analysis of nanoparticles size effect on nanofluids effective thermal conductivity ........................................................................................................ 40 4.1 Crystal structure of nanoparticles ............................................................................................ 40 viii 4.1.1 Alpha-alumina nanoparticle ............................................................................................. 40 4.1.2 Titanium dioxide nanoparticle .......................................................................................... 41 4.2 Effect of nanoparticle size in Al2O3/water nanofluid .............................................................. 43 4.3 Effect of nanoparticle size in TiO2/water nanofluid ................................................................ 46 4.4 Effect of nanoparticles aspect ratio in Al2O3/water nanofluid ................................................. 49 4.5 Effect of nanoparticle aspect ratio in TiO2/water nanofluid ................................................... 50 4.6 Results and discussion ............................................................................................................. 51 4.6.1 Effect of nanoparticle size in Al2O3/water nanofluid ....................................................... 51 4.6.2 Effect of nanoparticle size in TiO2/water nanofluid ......................................................... 52 4.6.3 Effect of nanoparticle aspect ratio in Al2O3/water and TiO2/water nanofluid.................. 53 5 Chapter 5: Conclusions and future work ............................................................................... 55 5.1 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 55 5.2 Comparing FEM/LBM and MD results ................................................................................... 56 5.3 Contribution to the filed ........................................................................................................... 57 5.4 Future work .............................................................................................................................. 58 References ......................................................................................................................................... 59 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................... 71 Assumptions for ANOVA test ......................................................................................................... 71


Terrestrial systems are major sources of atmospheric N2O, which accounts for ~6% of the current greenhouse effect. Production of N2O in soil is predominantly biological, and produced during several microbial processes, which may occur simultaneously within different micro-sites of the same soil. Here we explore the biogeochemical pathways in which these microbes can produce and reduce N2O, consider the approaches available for determining the predominant N2O-producing process under certain conditions, highlight any current uncertainties in microbial sources of N2O to direct future research, and examine how understanding the N2O source can aid us in managing terrestrial systems to lower emissions of this greenhouse gas. Such source partitioning of N2O is inherently challenging, but is vital to close the N2O budget and to better understand controls on the different processes, with a view to developing appropriate management practices for mitigation of N2O.


The Indonesian dairy sector remains highly regulated, in spite of trade and investment policy reforms elsewhere in the economy. The regulations, aimed mainly at fostering development of local industry, include an import ratio requirement (BUSEP), import tariffs; an import licensing scheme, and restrictions on investment in milk processing The paper shows that the current policy mix has resulted in a significant increase in numbers of dairy cattle and dairy farmers, and in fresh milk and end-product output. However, this policy mix imposes costs. The analysis indicates that the economy, and in particular domestic consumers, would gain if dairy trade and investment restrictions were lessened. The gradual movement towards a more deregulated dairy sector is a necessary condition for improved efficiency and a strengthening of Indonesia's competitive position in the world dairy market.


This chapter describes the in vivo testing of a testosterone microcapsule delivery system developed to serve as a long-acting male contraceptive. The 3 factors that control the release characteristics of testosterone (core loading size and the sterilizing dose of gamma radiation) were optimized to produce 4 formulations with distinctly different in vitro release kinetics. Then pharmacokinetic studies were undertaken to assess the effects of these formulations on steroid and protein hormonal blood levels and on blood chemistries in castrated male rhesus monkeys. The rate of testosterone release from the microcapsules increased with increases in the gamma radiation dose. Within 1 month of castration blood levels of T dihydrotestosterone (DHT) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) changed dramatically demonstrating patterns that are comparable to those reported previously in the literature for rhesus monkeys. The results of these studies demonstrated a need to optimize the testosterone microcapsule formulation so the drug would be released at a more constant rate. Mechanisms for this purpose include reducing the core loading of the microcapsules increasing the diameter of the microcapsules and reducing the dose of gamma radiation used in the sterilization process. Through use of these modifications 3 new microcapsule formulations were developed for further in vivo testing. Study results revealed that a single injection of testosterone microcapsules produced serum T and DHT concentrations similar to those observed before castration for up to 3 months. LH levels returned to almost precastration levels in most cases but FSH levels failed to show significant decreases. There was no evidence of side effects or major changes in lipid profile blood chemistry and serum acid phosphatase level suggesting that the formulations used in this study do not induce a nonphysiologic hyperandrogenic or hypoandrogenic state. The availability of such long-lasting biodegradable systems may open new approaches of androgen administration.


Introduces the design of hydraulic brake system of the vehicle with the rubber wheeles,and introduces the braking system's performance characteristics and working principle,and gives details of the brake system design and vehicle matching.Practical application,the design is reliable,secure,and fully meet the special requirements of the flameproof vehicle with the rubber wheeles in the underground.


With the increasing maturity of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, business automation technology has also become a trend. Particularly, network operation and maintenance (O&M) is expected to soon become automated and more efficient. However, the automation of O&M is hindered by the lack of network failure data and the cost of collecting data. We thus propose an approach to build a low-cost environment that can produce the same data as the actual production environment and use tools such as chaos engineering to generate training models for fault data. This paper attempts to build the underlying physical network layer using a low-cost single-board computer Raspberry Pi instead of an expensive PC server, while keeping the virtual network layer the same and performing fault simulation, data collection, and AI model training on the constructed virtual network layer. A comparison of the accuracy of the trained AI models verifies the feasibility of replacing the traditional PC server with an inexpensive Raspberry Pi device while keeping the structure and services of the virtual network layer unchanged. Also, a brief comparison with existing techniques is discussed. Our proposed approach solves the problem of insufficient data for AI training while reducing cost and risk.


Two geographers residing in Beijing discuss the inflows, processing, and consumption of electronic waste—a topic largely neglected in the current literature on globalization. Based on extensive interviews with electronics producers and recyclers in China, the paper explores the global flows of e-waste and concentration of related recycling in coastal China. The authors suggest that recycling activities (authorized as well as illegal) grew in tandem with the dramatic increase in electronics production during the last decade. They note that the country's recycling sector has played a significant role in rural industrialization and local economic development, albeit in conflict with the objectives of environmental protection. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F20, L63, O17, O19. 6 figures, 23 references.


This paper presents a case study of the development of a Zinc Sulfide IR dome for a mortar-launched projectile. As a case study, it demonstrates the value of analysis as a means to obtain insight and derive solutions to design problems. It also describes problems solved by a variety of finite element codes: SAAS-3, EPIC-2, and NASTRAN. The paper discusses the determination of inertia loads, joint design, bonding of the dome to the attachment ring, verification testing, mortar test firings, and post test analyses. The paper discusses various FEM analyses performed during the development. Inertia load factors used for design were derived from a transient dynamic response analysis of launch and muzzle exit. Structural integrity of the brittle ceramic dome material was demonstrated by a detailed FEM stress analysis of the joint. This analysis considered modeling techniques for threaded and bonded joints. This FE model was also utilized to define an equivalent proof pressure test to simulate the inertia load. Initial tests resulted in the failure of both the dome and the attachment device of internal ballast. Additional analyses were conducted to evaluate modal response and impact. These analyses established the internal ballast as the cause of failure, and subsequent successful dome test firings validated the analyses.


Abstract : Towing tests of a free-to-heave-and-trim 1/12 scale dynamically similar model of a 20-foot hydrofoil research craft are described. The tests were conducted at a Froude number corresponding to top speed in critical size waves. Measurement techniques which were used to determine water level location at the station of the outboard motor, wave velocity, wave frequency, wave height and model speed are presented. The effect of the model scale on the applicability of this type of testing as a hydrofoil research tool is discussed and recommendations for future refinement of the test technique are made. (Author)


A novel model has been developed for the surface roughness evaluation of woven fabrics, based on fabric geometrical parameters. The model is developed based on the properties of twenty five groups of woven fabrics consisting of five various weave structures and five different weft densities. The output of the model is validated through a set of subjective roughness pair-comparison tests. The model output is found to be in accordance with the roughness scale value which is obtained from subjective tests, to a reasonable extent. The statistical analysis of roughness results shows that the effect of fabric structural parameters such as weave structure and weft density is significant in the confidence range of 95%. This model can be utilized for the prediction of the roughness behavior of various types of woven fabrics. Bearing in mind the influence of fabric surface roughness on the comfort and aesthetic properties of cloths, the usage of the model is a guide for selecting the suitable fabric for various end uses.


The field of cognitive dynamic systems (CDSs) is an emerging area of research, whereby engineering learns from neuroscience. Under this framework, engineering systems are configured in a manner that mimics the human brain and improves the utility and performance of traditional systems. In essence, a CDS builds on Fuster's paradigm of cognition and is fulfilled with the presence of five cognitive processes: the perception-action cycle, memory, attention, intelligence, and language. When augmented with these processes, a system can be classified as a CDS and is afforded the capabilities of processing information and learning from experience through continued interactions with the environment. Tremendous benefit from adopting the CDS framework has been observed in the literature, especially in the fields of cognitive radio and cognitive radar. More recently, the framework has been extended to other areas, such as control theory, risk control, and the Internet of Things; where the potential for drastic performance improvements has been evident in the literature. This comprehensive article presents a thorough background and exposition of the CDS framework and each field where it has been applied. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent advancements and related works in each domain by summarizing the key facts relating to the methodologies, findings, and limitations of the surveyed papers. Our novel contributions involve being the first source of centralized information on this topic and forming the foundation for future research efforts by presenting suggestions regarding worthwhile avenues for further investigation.


The article introduced the construction process,system function,technical difficulties in construction,hardware/software environments and operation situation of Xinjiang earthquake emergency command technology system.


Discovering Science is a new introductory science course from the Open University (OU) that makes extensive use of interactive multimedia activities on CD-ROM (The Open University 1998). It was first presented in 1998 to over 3000 students in the UK and Western Europe, and is the first OU science course that requires students to have access to a computer in their homes. 25 CD-ROM activities were produced, requiring about 40 hours of study time, making this the largest single educational multimedia project in the world. The poster and demonstration highlight: • the wide range of styles used: game format; resource-based free exploration; linearly structured CAL; virtual experiments and virtual field trips; etc; • the wide range of topics: global warming; evolution; quantum physics and cosmology, cell biochemistry; etc; • the integration of CD-ROM material with other course components; • the CD-ROM Guides that are used to access the CD-ROM material.


The Automated Luggage Tracking System (ALTS) implements Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) to read the tag on a piece of luggage as it is being loaded onto a plane. In the real world application, an airline employee enters a passenger's information into the system and then he will associate it to a unique tag. Every time a luggage with the tag passes through an RFID reader, the location status in the airline database will be updated for tracking. This system allows the passenger to check if his luggage has made it safely onto the plane. It also provides inventory control to the airlines in order to improve their services. During check-in, the passenger data such as name, address, phone number, flight number, destination and unique tag identification per luggage is inputted into the airline database. If requested, the passenger is provided a handheld device to check the current location of his luggage. Every time a luggage passes through an RFID reader, its information is transmitted wirelessly to the airline database as well as the handheld device built around a 16-bit Motorola microcontroller (MC68HC12). RFID is a growing technology that could be used to reduce number of mishandling luggage which was reported by the Department of Transportation to be over 1.1 million between January to June 2009 .


The present invention is dispersible surface-modified particles in an organic solvent, as well as polymers, to their use for incorporation into paints and coatings.


Diabetic retinopathy is a health problem that cause damage to the retinal blood vessels and occurs in more than half of people who suffer from diabetes. It is estimated that around 28 million people experience loss of sight for this reason. Thus, the system for detecting early signs of diabetic retinopathy will be very helpful and one of first signs of the onset of symptoms of diabetic retinopathy is the appearance of exudates in the retinal image of the eye. To build an exudate emergence detection system, in this study use the method of extreme learning machine (ELM) which has a fast learning speed. This system uses the gray level co-occurrence matrix feature extraction with 6 features, namely contrast, homogeneity, correlation, ASM, energy and dissimilarity. To get the best model, six scenarios are used by distinguishing the preprocessing flow. The pre processing stage carried out by all scenarios is optic disc removal, green channel separation, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) followed by two different preprocessing lines, namely applying brightness and dilation and erosion operations. Then the second path is radon transform, top-hat filtering, discrete wavelet transform and dilation and erosion. The best model results reached the best accuracy value of 65% with a combination of multiquadric activation functions and 30 hidden neurons.


A laboratory test result indicating the presence of an increased level of the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) CA15-3 in a blood or serum sample.


Objective: To study the effect of diclofenac sodium on the healing of osteoporotic fracture in rats.Methods:Sixty female,8-month old,Sprague-Dawley rats of osteoporotic models were established by ovariectomy and randomized into 3 groups after 3 months.Femurs of rats in groups A and B were fractured and then the rats were given gavage of normal saline and diclofenac sodium at the dosage of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 3 weeks respectively,while rats in group C were given the same dose of diclofenac sodium for 3 weeks and then their femurs were fractured.X-ray examination,histological observation and biomechanical test were performed in the 2nd,3rd,4th and 6th week after fracture.Results:The gray-scale value in group B was lower than that in group A(P0.01).There was no significant difference between gray-scale values of X-ray films in groups A and C,except in the 2nd week after fracture.The density value of bone trabecula in group B is lower than that in group A(P0.01),while in group C that was lower than in group A during 2-4 weeks after fracture,but no difference in 6th week.The biomechanical strength in groups B and C was lower than that in group A in the 6th week.Conclusion:The healing of osteoporotic fracture in rats can be delayed and the biomechanical strength of bone is decreased by diclofenac sodium.Long-term administration of diclofenac sodium before osteoporotic fracture has inhibitory effect on its healing.It is necessary to discontinue diclofenac sodium after fracture.


Derived from Helmholtz wave equation, the dispersion relation describes the temporal and spatial behaviors of a wave in a given electromagnetic medium. In general, this relation can be calculated using either driven mode analysis or eigen mode analysis. In this paper, the two approaches are compared using an example of a periodic leaky-wave antenna. An interpretation for the complex frequencies that arise from the eigen mode approach is given based on the general concept of mapping between two complex planes, namely the complex frequency plane and the complex propagation constant plane. It is shown that the complex frequency dispersion relation gives information on the transient response of the electromagnetic structure under test. Moreover, this paper shows that the results of the two approaches are independent and provide complementary information about the structure under test.


It is generally postulated that at the tree scale a drought-related decrease in hydraulic conductance is balanced by a decrease of leaf area. We hypothesized that, at the individual leaf scale, drought affects the allometry between leaf area or mass and hydraulics, leading to a non-linear relationships between these traits. The study was conducted on well-watered and on water-stressed shoots of several apple genotypes covering an extended range of leaf area. Working on dried leaves, we measured leaf lamina area and mass and analyzed their relationships with the maximal xylem hydraulic conductance of the water pathway through the parent shoot and the petiole connected to the leaf lamina. Drought decreased leaf area and mass in absolute values. It also changes the allometric relationships between these two variables: for a same decrease of leaf dry mass the water-stressed shoot had a lower decrease of leaf dry area than the well-watered shoot. Our study also showed that drought affected the stem-to-petiole hydraulics with a higher hydraulic efficiency in the well-watered shoot compared to the water-stressed shoot. We discuss that, compared to the well-watered condition, drought not only decreased leaf size, but also reduced xylem efficiency through the stem-to-petiole pathway with regard to the leaf area and mass supplied.


The present day study is focused on two fin configurations, the wavy-fin in-line and the wavy-fin staggered. These fin configurations are numerically investigated in both staggered and in- coated tube layouts. Heat transfer and strain drop characteristics of the warmth exchanger are investigated for Reynolds numbers starting from two hundred to 2000. model validation is carried out with the aid of evaluating the simulated case friction aspect (f) and Colburn thing (j) with the experimental facts of Bhuiyan et al. [2013].in this have a look at the impact of geometrical parameters which includes fin pitch, longitudinal pitch and transverse pitch of tube spacing are studied. results are supplied in the form of friction issue (f) and Colburn thing (j).This observe well-known shows that the waft distinction between plain and wavy fin has a profound have an impact on the warmth switch and go with the flow friction performance of these configurations when compared on the premise of tube layouts.


In connection with the significant volume of polystyrene embedded in buildings as thermal insulation, in the next few years it will be needed to solve the matter of its disposal after the end of its life cycle. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) has been used as a flame retardant in polystyrene thermal insulation (EPS and XPS) for the last 50 years. The internationally recognized Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants prohibits future production, use and recycling of materials that contain HBCDD. It also, to a large extent, limits the options of waste management of such materials. European legislation, in particular Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 and the so called REACH Directive, established a binding legal framework for EU Member States which reduces waste management options of material containing HCDBB practically only to incineration. In the coming years, this fact requests fundamental changes in disposal of construction and demolition waste containing the polystyrene insulation and related processes on construction sites in the Czech Republic. The research is based on the analysis of the international and the Czech legislation related to this issue, and the analysis of material and technological context. The paper focuses on possible operational, economic, energy and environmental impact on the construction industry and environment, and compares the current situation in the Czech Republic with other European countries, and assesses the readiness of the Czech Republic to deal with the upcoming legislation changes.


The accurate measurement of precipitation is essential to understanding regional hydrological processes and hydrological cycling. Quantification of precipitation over remote regions such as the Tibetan Plateau is highly unreliable because of the scarcity of rain gauges. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the satellite precipitation product of tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) 3B42 v7 at daily, weekly, monthly, and seasonal scales. Comparison between TRMM grid precipitation and point‐based rain gauge precipitation was conducted using nearest neighbour and bilinear weighted interpolation methods. The results showed that the TRMM product could not capture daily precipitation well due to some rainfall events being missed at short time scales but provided reasonably good precipitation data at weekly, monthly, and seasonal scales. TRMM tended to underestimate the precipitation of small rainfall events (less than 1 mm/day), while it overestimated the precipitation of large rainfall events (greater than 20 mm/day). Consequently, TRMM showed better performance in the summer monsoon season than in the winter season. Through comparison, it was also found that the bilinear weighted interpolation method performs better than the nearest neighbour method in TRMM precipitation extraction.


O the fifty odd million tons of harvest from the oceans of the world. the million tons of tuna and tuna-like fish is perhaps one of the greatest cash crops. Though the tunas have a world wide distribution yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre) ) and big eye tuna (Thunnus obesus (Lowe» appear to be more abundant in the tropical waters while bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus (linnaeus) ) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre). are more abundant in subtropical or temperate waters. The relatively smaller members of this blood-fish group, namely the skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeusj ), mackerel tuna (Euthynnus spp.) and frigate mackerel (Auxis spp.) may also be considered tropical. However. the production from the tropical waters form nearly two thirds of the total tuna production. Of the present annual total of a little over one million tons Japan contributes more than half. which makes her the greatest tuna fishing nation in the world followed by the United States, Korea. Taiwan. Peru and Spain. Just now there is a very significant change In these positions taking place and it would not be surprising to find Korea and Taiwan push their way ahead of Japan. within the next five years


We report the discovery of two exoplanets orbiting around HD 212729 (TOI 1052, TIC 317060587), a Teff = 6146K star with V=9.51 observed by TESS in Sectors 1 and 13. One exoplanet, TOI-1052b, is Neptune-mass and transits the star, and an additional planet TOI-1052c is observed in radial velocities but not seen to transit. We confirm the planetary nature of TOI-1052b using precise radial velocity observations from HARPS and determined its parameters in a joint RV and photometry analysis. TOI-1052b has a radius of $2.87^{+0.29}_{-0.24}$ R⊕, a mass of 16.9 ± 1.7 M⊕, and an orbital period of 9.14 days. TOI-1052c does not show any transits in the TESS data, and has a minimum mass of $34.3^{+4.1}_{-3.7}$ M⊕ and an orbital period of 35.8 days, placing it just interior to the 4:1 mean motion resonance. Both planets are best fit by relatively high but only marginally significant eccentricities of $0.18^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$ for planet b and $0.24^{+0.09}_{-0.08}$ for planet c. We perform a dynamical analysis and internal structure model of the planets as well as deriving stellar parameters and chemical abundances. The mean density of TOI-1052b is $3.9^{+1.7}_{-1.3}$ g cm−3 consistent with an internal structure similar to Neptune. A nearby star is observed in Gaia DR3 with the same distance and proper motion as TOI-1052, at a sky projected separation of \raise.17ex$\scriptstyle \sim$1500AU, making this a potential wide binary star system.


The plasminogen activator content of the extracts of excised prostate cancers (25 specimens) was determined with an azocasein assay and found to be on the average 1.7 times higher than that of extracts of excised prostate benign hyperplasias (29 specimens). Both groups contained the same average percentage of human urokinase type activator (∼45%) as determined by the inhibition of activity when anti‐human urokinase antibody was included in the assay system. The two types of activators were partially purified and found to have distinctly different properties. The most striking difference was the large augmentation of activity of the non‐urokinase enzyme in fibrinolysis. The implications of an enhanced fibrinolysis relative to azocaseinolysis (or other) is discussed, particularly with respect to its importance in the quantitation and characterization of activators by different investigators. Highly purified urokinase‐like activator was found to be similar to commercial urokinase preparation with respect to molecular weight, isoelectric point, inhibition by the antibody, and inhibition by placenta inhibitor.


FIELD: textiles, paper. SUBSTANCE: method includes preparation of the first paper pulp from dispersion of paper fibers milled to the required fineness of grind by adding to it of cationic polyacrylamide, a second paper pulp from dispersion of mixture of bleached hardwood pulp, milled to the required fineness of grind, with a small amount of bleached softwood pulp by adding to the dispersion of bentonite 10-20 kg per ton of dry fiber, and then the suspension of mixture of talc and chalk in the amount of 50-200 kg per ton of fiber, and then the emulsion of alkenyl succinic anhydride stabilised with starch. Cationic polyacrylamide is added the last. The suspension of chalk and talc is prepared in a mixer under conditions providing intensive abrasing effect of chalk particles on talc particles. Talc contains at least 80% of particles with a size of 5-50 mcm and not less than 70% of particles with a size of 5-30 mcm. EFFECT: improvement of the method. 4 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex


The energy producing power plants are designed for operational period of 20, 30 years. During this period, inspections are realized to investigate the operational capability of the respective components and the plant as a whole, and when the designed time is approaching its limit, the crucial questions are raised with respect to the following possible operation, its safety and risks that stem from the fact that the continuous degradation of material properties occured during the longtime service as a result of service conditions, e.g. high temperatures, fatigue loading etc. The inspection of the boiler and the assessment of its future operational capability should ensure the safe operation and minimazing the failure risks. In comparison with the more sofisticated and much more expensive methods that use numbers of variables that enter the evaluation process of the lifetime exhaustion, or the metallographic non-destructive or even destructive methods that do not result often in a quantitative lifetime assessment, a relatively simple assessment method was used to evaluate the remaining lifetime of the high temperature components. On the basis of accelerated creep test data performed on the degraded materials, the remaining lifetime hours were calculated for the three "safety" situations: 1. "ZERO SAFETY" (neither recommended k = 1, 5 safety coefficient for working stress nor +70deg Celsius increase of working temperature were taken into consideration). 2. "STRESS SAFETY" (1, 5 safety coefficient for working stress and working temperature were taken into consideration). 3. "FULL SAFETY" (1, 5 safety coefficient for working stress and working temperature +70 deg Celsius were taken into consideration). This paper summarizes the results of remaining lifetime calculation for three different cases of steam boilers inspected after longtime service by Skoda Research ltd. Recently. On the basis of performed examination, the results provided the customer the recommendations relating the future safe and reliable operation.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Population dynamics of phyllophagous lepidopteran pests and their natural enemies on cruciferous and cereal crops under conditions of Primorye is studied. In certain years, predatory and parasitic entomophages are able to reduce pest numbers by more than 50%. The impact of useful entomofauna is especially prominent in proximity to forest belts and meadows. Systematic monitoring of useful entomofauna helps significantly decrease the chemical insecticide pressure on the agroecosystems.


Beef consumption needs of Indonesian  population tends to increase with the increasing number of the population and public awareness of the importance of animal protein. Meanwhile the price of beef and broiler meat are fluctuative. The value of volatility describes how much the level of risk that will be faced in the future. Fluctuations in the price of beef and broiler meat can be caused by  the unequilibrium of supply and demand.  The objectives of this research are (1) to identify the price volatility forecasting models of beef and broiler meat in Indonesia, (2) to identify factors that affect the price volatility of beef and broiler meat in Indonesia, and (3) to identify alternative strategies related to the price volatility of beef and broiler meat in Indonesia. This research used secondary data with the  time series form in the period of February 2003 to February 2013. In this research ARCH-GARCH was used to analyze the price volatility of beef and broiler meat in Indonesia. This analysis showed that the price volatility of beef and broiler meat in Indonesia would be smaller. Factors that affect the price volatility of beef in Indonesia are the price volatility of previous period and the price variance of the previous period. While the factors that affects the price volatility of broiler meat in Indonesia is the amount of price volatility in the previous period.


GIS of water conservancy management, including database of geometry and attributes, and database of datums was established, This subject was to utilize Visual Basic 6.0 and GeoStar offered by intergraph Company. With the model of real-time forecast the geographical information system of the irrigation works was realized.


A drillship is a representative floating offshore installation. The boom in oil and gas field development has dramatically increased the demands for drillships. Drillships have a moonpool in the center area of the ship for the purpose of drilling. This moonpool has an effect on the seakeeping performance of a drillship in the vicinity of the resonance frequency. Because of the moonpool, drillships act in different resonance modes, called the sloshing mode and piston mode. The objective of this study was to find the moonpool effect on the motion of a drillship through the motion analysis of a currently operating modern compact drillship. The predicted resonance frequencies based on Molin's theoretical formula, Fukuda's empirical formula, and BEM?based numerical analysis are compared. The accuracy of the predictions using the theoretical and empirical formulas is compared with the numerical analysis and evaluated. In the case of the piston mode, the difference between the resonance frequency from theoretical formula and the resonance frequency from the numerical analysis is analyzed. The resonance frequency formula for more a complex moonpool geometry such as a moonpool with a cofferdam is necessarily emphasized.


Training in radiology dramatically changes observers' ability to process images, but the neural bases of this visual expertise remain unexplored. Prior imaging work has suggested that the fusiform face area (FFA), normally selectively responsive to faces, becomes responsive to images in observers' area of expertise. The FFA has been hypothesized to be important for "holistic" processing that integrates information across the entire image. Here, we report a cross-sectional study of radiologists that used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural activity in first-year radiology residents, fourth-year radiology residents, and practicing radiologists as they detected abnormalities in chest radiographs. Across subjects, activity in the FFA correlated with visual expertise, measured as behavioral performance during scanning. To test whether processing in the FFA was holistic, we measured its responses both to intact radiographs and radiographs that had been divided into 25 square pieces whose locations were scrambled. Activity in the FFA was equal in magnitude for intact and scrambled images, and responses to both kinds of stimuli correlated reliably with expertise. These results suggest that the FFA is one of the cortical regions that provides the basis of expertise in radiology, but that its contribution is not holistic processing of images.


Contructivism is a learning model that emphasizes the recent activity of students in each interaction can be instructive to explore and discover his own knowledge. The flow of this constuctivism, in the study of science education is growing stream of theoretical cognitive psychology tha emphasizes the student to able to play an ative role in discovering new knowledge. Constructivism assumes that all learners ranging from child hood to college to have an idea or knowledge about the environment and events (symptoms) that occur in the surrounding environment, although this idea or knowledge often contructivism always retain this naive idea or knowledge of the firm, because ideas or knowledge related to the idea or other knowledge in the form of sechemata (cognitive structures/knowledge). Learning constriktivism possible to provide better space for the involvement of students in the class room, to explore and dig deeper into the beauty and potential ability and behavior of a more open attitude.


PURPOSE: A device for detection of a rotation angle, permanent magnetic-type rotary electrical machinery, and an electric power steering apparatus using the permanent magnetic-type rotary electrical machinery are provided to improve accuracy by compensating detection position errors. CONSTITUTION: A device for detection of a rotation angle comprises a stator(12) with a single-phase excitation winding and two-phase output windings, and a rotor(13) with salient poles. The stator comprises a plurality of teeth(11) and the output windings are wound around the teeth. The teeth includes one of teeth whose output winding number of is N, teeth whose output winding number is N +/- m(N is bigger than m), and teeth whose output winding number is m.


Set controllability is a powerful tool to solve several issues of logical control networks (LCNs), including observability, set stabilization, output regulation, and synchronization. This article explores the robustness of set controllability for LCNs subject to function perturbation. Two perturbation sets, called decreasing reachable pair set and increasing reachable pair set, are constructed to characterize the change of set controllability index sets. Based on the perturbation sets, several criteria are established for the robustness of set controllability. As applications, the robust observability and robust output regulation of LCNs with function perturbation are discussed.


Abstract : In recent years, the contribution of the human factor (personnel combat strength) to the fighting readiness of combat troops has increased considerably. On the one hand, the use of weapons with highly destructive characteristics may not only cause losses in manpower on a significantly higher scale, but these losses also have different characteristics (large numbers of multiple injuries, in addition to combat stress and fatigue). On the other hand, the armed forces of the civilized nations consist of military specialists managing modern military technologies. As is well known, the expenses of training a modern high quality military pilot training costs several million dollars, which is comparable with the cost of a jet-fighter. Therefore, the health and professional sustainability of military experts has obtained strategic importance. Another feature of the present situation is the reorientation of the military doctrines of many countries to participation of their aimed forces in peacekeeping, humanitarian and disaster relief operations. The military-medical doctrines which are currently being developed by NATO, Russia and Ukraine, are aimed at carrying out of these new roles. Presently, multinational forces of NATO nations and Pfp countries, including the Ukraine peacekeeping contingent, are fulfilling many of the missions mentioned above. In connection with this, there is an increase in the need for exchange of information and experience between the national military-medical departments and services. Such exchange is the main task of the current Specialists' Meeting. The importance of this event is great, because many of its recommendations to the military-medical services equally apply to the civil health care services of many countries.


The development of dietary obesity models in rats mimicking human obesity may help understanding its pathology and to evaluate new therapeutic strategies for treatment. We fed male Wistar rats either with a control chow diet (C), a 45%Kcal lard diet + 5% sucrose in water (LS) a chow diet +50%Kcal lard + 5% sucrose in water (CLS) or a chow diet + 20% sucrose in water (CS) for 22 weeks (W). At the end of study LS and CS diets increased hepatic and serum triglycerides, and these differences were found in CS diet since w 4. Hepatic SREBP‐1 mRNA was higher in LS and CS but FAS mRNA only increased in CS group. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 18 W revealed that rats fed LS, CLS and CS developed insulin resistance. Body weight was 29% higher in rats fed LS than the rest of the groups due to increased adipose tissue (AT) mass. Subcutaneous (S) and visceral (V) AT was increased 3 fold in LS with respect to C, 2 fold with respect to CLS and 75% with respect to CS. HSL, perilipin and PPAR gamma mRNA was higher in SAT of LS and CS rats, whether in VAT those genes increased only in CS and CLS. CS diet increased 3 fold the glomerular filtration rate. In conclusion this study demonstrates than the fat and carbohydrate content of the diet differentially induces obesity and comorbidities.


In April 1938, Louis Horch took out from the Roerich Museum secretly, under the cover of the night, the entire Roerich collection, together with other valuable objects, books and the archive. The esoteric Circle of the early Roerichites finally collapsed in the late 1930s. In the meantime a new Roerich Circle gradually emerged in New York, rallying around Sina Lichtmann. At the end of the year 1939 Nikolai Roerich's long-time secretary and the family's best photographer Vladimir Shibaev (Yaruya) left Kulu. Unexpectedly, Nikolai Roerich got involved in the Gandhian Revolution when in early June he received a telegram from the Maharaja of Indore, Yashvantrao Holkar, then in Kulu. Nikolai Roerichs's final years in Kulu, from the late 1930s, were spent in dedicated work split between painting and writing short essays, spoken of as "diary leaves".Keywords: Gandhian Revolution; Kulu; Louis Horch; Nikolai Roerich; Sina Lichtmann; Vladimir Shibaev


Aiming at the common problems that automatic dosing device for circulating cooling water in the field of heat-engine plant in China had a single parameter and was unable to real-time monitoring,a new intelligent dosing system for circulating cooling water basis on multi-parameters was designed. A group of new core parameters were proposed by the dynamic simulation experiments on the basis of traditional detection parameters,such as pH,electrical conductivity,and ORP,and at the same time,the mathematical model was established. The simulated-heat-exchanger was designed which could optimize the self-adapted fuzzy control algorithm and establish the expert diagnosis system. The result of running this system showed that it had high efficiency and intelligence,and could give the optical dosing scheme according to water quality and operation status compared with traditional dosing system,it could reduce the drug cost 25%,save water31%,and reduce the energy consumption 20%,which improved the economic benefit greatly.


Background: Bonsai integrates relaxation, leisure and art therapy into one medium that can have personal, emotional and commercial value and have benefits beyond the therapist's couch. The art of bonsai, when used as a therapy tool may affect the capacity of the bonsai practitioner to adjust to negative and stressful life events. Objective: The study was initiated to evaluate the benefit of bonsai on the wellbeing of practitioners of the art. Method: 255 bonsai artists participated in a study that examined the effect of bonsai on their well-being. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with bonsai artists. Results: The majority of participants agreed that being able to work on their bonsais affected their moods positively. Discussion: Although bonsai artists did not report better mental health, participants reported an improvement in their mood when working on a bonsai tree. These findings are significant in that it can be especially useful in settings such as psychiatric hospitals, old age homes, orphanages, prisons, etc., as a preventative measure as well as restorative measures in the well-being of patients.


In the General Theory stars can impact other older stars to create interstellar shrapnel. The shrapnel can have its formation age determined by measuring its D/H ratio.


The objective of the study is to screen the phytochemicals which are the dependable sources for the treatment of different health problems. The present study aims to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening using four different extracts of the mushroom Pleurotus sajor caju (Fries) Sing. Belonging to the family polyporaceae. Both cold and hot aqueous and silver nanoparticles extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and is known to contain certain bioactive compounds such as cucurbitacin, triterpenes, sterols and alkaloids, vitamins, minerals and has also proved to contain antioxidant and therapeutic properties. The generated data has provided the basis for its wide uses as therapeutics both in traditional and folk medicine. The results obtained in the present study indicate P. sajor caju mushroom shows the high percentage of potential to act as a source of useful drug because of the presence of various bioactive compounds.


Constructed wetlands are wastewater treatment systems composed of one or more treatment cells in a building designed and constructed to provide wastewater treatment. Constructed wetlands are classified into two types: free water surface (FWS) wetlands (also known as surface flow wetlands) closely resemble natural wetlands in appearance because they contain aquatic plants that are rooted in a soil layer on the bottom of the wetland and water flows through the leaves and stems of plants. Subsurface flow wetlands (SSF) or known as a vegetated submerged bed (VSB) systems do not resemble natural wetlands because they have no standing water. They contain a bed of media (such as crushed rock, small stones, gravel, sand, or soil) that has been planted with aquatic plants. When properly designed and operated, wastewater stays beneath the surface of the media, flows in contact with the roots and rhizomes of the plants, and is not visible or available to wildlife. Constructed wetlands are an appropriate technology for areas where inexpensive land is generally available and skilled labor is less available. In this paper, a comprehensive review covered types, characteristics, design variation and considerations, limitations, and the advantages and disadvantages of constructed wetlands.


Eugenics never died after its failed implementation during the early portion of the 20th Century. It has merely been lying dormant until the social conditions for its deployment were more hospitable. Why would it disappear? Eugenics is a perfect complement to the capitalist political-economic imperative of authoritarian control through increased rationalization of culture. Why should the body or the gene pool be sacrosanct? Like a city, a factory, or any other construction of culture, these phenomena can be molded, enhanced, and directed to fit the dominant values of a culture, so that they might efficiently progress into the future.


The new MPEG-4 standard will provide superior services for the user, as it introduces the video objects concept. However, there is no generic segmentation technique able to provide the segmentation maps for such a coding system. We propose a novel mesh-based video segmentation and objects tracking algorithm with both robust motion estimation and modeling of motion discontinuities. In addition, occlusions and uncovered regions are well managed. This allows the mesh deformation without the need to process remeshing in motion occlusion regions. The spatial properties of each frame are considered to make the mesh edges fit the image contents and a temporal smoothness constraint is also implemented. The proposed algorithm is able to segment multiple objects at the same time. Some experimental results are shown.


Drug-loaded nanoparticles are often used as ideal drug delivery systems recently.Nanoscale HAP is an important inorganic biomedical materials from various applications point of view.It has high absorbability for medicine and enhanced biocompatibility,which is perspective to be used as a new controlled release preparation.This article emphatically trends on its unique properties and relevant research.Also certain issues about the drug load and drug release are covered.


Professors preparation is a continuous and systematic work in the higher education. This comprises didactic and pedagogic aspects in the teaching educational process as a way to reach a comprehensive training of the students. In that sense, a pedagogy course  with 7 professors as lecturers was designed, graduated from  the health technological training, and the results of the preparation  process of these professionals are exposed.


Photolysis of Mo(CO)6 in n-heptane solution creates a coordinatively unsaturated d6 species, which interacts with the Si−H bond of Et2SiH2 and leads to the formation of Mo−H and Mo−Si bonds. The formation of a Mo−H bond was corroborated by 1H NMR spectroscopy due to the detection of a high-field resonance at δ = −8.33 flanked by 29Si satellites. The formation of Mo−Si bonds was confirmed by the detection of two sets of 29Si satellites on the hydride signal, which provided JSi-H = 57 and 33 Hz, and by the 29Si{1H} NMR spectrum, which revealed a resonance at δ = 207.7. The latter signal in the 29Si NMR spectrum was observed as a doublet of quintets with 1JSi-H = 58 Hz and 2JSi-H = 41 Hz. The 95Mo NMR spectrum showed at high field a resonance at δ = −3785, characteristic for seven-coordinate molybdenum compounds. The molecular structure of a novel bis{(μ-η2-hydridodiethylsilyl)tetracarbonylmolybdenum(I)} complex, [{Mo(μ-η2-H−SiEt2)(CO)4}2], was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The mol...


In common parlance, stress is the feeling people get when they have a lot on their plates and are having trouble keeping up with everything. Although some degree of stress might be useful in the short term, chronic stress has serious negative effects on health, including increased risk of cardiovascular problems such heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. Depression, anxiety, and personality disorders are also possible outcomes. Hence, stress detection is helpful for managing stress-related health problems. Perceptual, behavioural, and physiological reactions all provide useful indicators of stress levels. Based on feature extraction and classification methods, numerous researchers have presented a wide variety of methods. Some of these methods are difficult to implement and produce unreliable outcomes when applied to the study of human stress.Patient denial, insensitivity, subjective biases, and inaccuracy are only some of the issues that arise from relying solely on doctor-patient interaction and scale analysis when diagnosing Stress. To better predict clinical results, a computerised, objective system is needed for Stress diagnosis and treatment. In an effort to better detect Stress, this research modifies EEG data and use machine learning algorithms. Ten participants' EEGs were recorded using a Narosky system while they were exposed to various emotional face cues. Psychologists relied on the EEG signal as a diagnostic tool for Stress. Both machine learning and deep learning were used to analyse the features. Using PCA, ICA, and EMD for BCI applications yields significant results. With SVM, a programmer can reap many benefits: PCA has great generalisation properties, and it can detect tension and pressure from EEG signals. The effect of overtraining is particularly vulnerable to the curse-of-dimensionality when the signals are negative. By analysing EEG waves, we were able to detect Stress with these benefits. The experimental study provides a somewhat comprehensive summary of the various methods, all of which rely on frequency domain analysis of 14 EEG data.


Uplink MU-MIMO techniques achieve the high frequency efficiency. However, it is known that the frequency efficiency depends on the arrangement of antennas of the access point. Moreover, we have proposed the distributed antenna system (DAS) which selects the high density arranged antennas according to user distribution and shown its effectiveness using narrow band signals in an actual indoor environment. For the actual implementation, this paper proposes an antenna selection methods that selects the antenna in a limited area and selects the antenna in a non-limited area. We compare the basic characteristics of the DAS when applied the uplink MU-MIMO by broadband OFDM signals in an indoor environment for each selection method, and demonstrate the effectiveness of DAS with the proposed antenna selection methods.


Electric dipole oscillator strengths (f values) have been calculated for a large number of singlet and triplet S–P, P–D, and D–F transitions in the helium isoelectronic sequence through O+6. The analytical orbital wave functions employed were of frozen-core type, and generally produce very good agreement between length and velocity values of the calculated oscillator strengths. A conspicuous exception occurs in many cases where the principal quantum number remains unchanged in the transition, and the more reliable dipole length values have been adopted for such transitions. The smooth variation of the calculated f values as functions of the inverse of the nuclear charge Z provided a sensitive check on the accuracy of the computations and indicated a considerable number of P–D transitions where the velocity values seemed the more reliable. Wherever comparison data are available, our calculated oscillator strengths are in excellent agreement with the most accurate values; in other cases, the absolute uncert...


Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between reducing agents and enzymes involved in the removal of free radicals and/or reactive oxygen species. Hypertension is a most common cardiovascular disease in the world. Development of hypertension requires a sub-stained absolute or relative over expansion of blood volume or reduction of the capacitance of the cardiovascular system. Hypertension is associated with epistaxis.The present study comprised 82 hypertensive male patients with epistaxis attended Otorhinolaryngology Department, Gandhi Memorial Hospital, S. S. Medical College, Rewa (Study Group) and 81 ages matched male healthy volunteers (Control Group). The age range was taken from 20-80 years. Antihypertensive drugs effects were observed under supervision of Pharmacology Department, S. S. Medical College, Rewa (M. P.).  Blood samples were collected from the patients at the time of admission as well as from individuals of male healthy control groups.Biochemical parameters such as electrolytes, glucose, protein (Total), creatinine, urea,superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione reductase(GSH-R),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), catalase andplasma malondialdehyde(P-MDA) were varying significantly in hypertensive patients with epistaxis. Oxidative stress contributes to development of hypertension.


Abstract Using some of Blas de Otero's texts as a starting point, this article suggests interpreting urban space as the setting where the history of the conflict of social classes during its final stages takes place. Bilbao, as a model of Otero's urban imaginary, thus appears as a space that in its distribution evokes a sociological map of the modern city, in its inner conflict with late capitalist development, which Blas de Otero portrays to perfection. Through memory, the reconstruction of urban space evoked by the poetic subject serves to deconstruct the ideology of the financial bourgeoisie, holder of social power using pharisaic ethics founded on hypocrisy. The utopian construction of urban space transforms Bilbao into the emblem of a future city, a space of miscegenation that crosses class barriers, where the industrial proletariat has created a true democratic society that moves forward towards a liberating Utopia by means of community in work. At the same time, urban space becomes the space of heteroglossia, of which Blas de Otero's poetry gives evidence. Bilbao thus becomes a multifaceted symbol in Otero's poetry, the materialization of an ideological conception rooted in Marxism and willing to unveil itself. The urban geography of Bilbao, with its strict social distribution, offers the poet a perfect map where he can project the ideological conflict of the different social classes from the period between the wars until the last stages of the capitalist economic development promoted under Franco.


This paper analyzed the factors that affect resilience countermeasures to the intensity of concrete and put forward the ways to deal with the problems in the engineering construction.


PurposeDuring these unprecedented times, acts of charity are deemed essential to help individuals in need and support the social safety net. Given the importance of prosocial behavior for survival through the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the authors investigate the effects of partitioning experiential consumption and self-construal on consumer responses.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature on partitioning and self-construal, the findings across three experimental studies provide novel insights into the interplay between partitioning and self-construal, and offer psychological processes on prosocial and behavioral intention.FindingsIndividuals with predominantly independent (vs. interdependent) self-construals and those primed with independent (vs. interdependent) self-construals showed higher prosocial intention when the experiential product ad was in an aggregated (vs. partitioned) format. The fit between the type of format and self-construal leads to the high control coping mechanism, and ultimately prosocial intention.Originality/valuePartitioning experiential consumption has not been directly examined using self-construal, providing novel insights into consumer reactions during the pandemic. This paper provides practical implications to practitioners and researchers to better understand and adapt to shifting digital consumption patterns.


Let X, Y be smooth varieties of dimensions n, n + 1 over an algebraically closed field, and f :X → Y a finite map, birational onto its image Z. The source double-point set supports two natural positive cycles: (1) the fundamental cycle of the divisor M2 defined by the conductor of X/Z, and (2) the direct image of the fundamental cycle of the residual scheme X2 of the diagonal in the product X ×Y X. Over thirteen years ago, it was conjectured that the two cycles are equal if the characteristic is 0 or if f is "appropriately generic." That conjecture will be established in a more general form.


Interfacial solar vapor generation is emerging as a promising water treatment technology with high solar energy efficiency and minimized carbon footprint. Among various kinds of materials development, aerogels, with inherent high porosity, lightweight, enhanced absorption, and minimized thermal conductivity, are attracting significant attention for achieving high‐performance solar vapor generation. Herein, recent progress in tailoring aerogels (such as graphene [oxide], carbon nanotubes, and polymer aerogels) and related 3D macroporous architectures for interfacial solar vapor generation is presented. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with employing aerogels in solar vapor generation are also discussed.


We establish a flow equation stress_sensitive to permeability for fractal and deformed double porous media and introduce permeability modulus of double porous media fractal reservoir.Numerical calculation in a fractal double porous media model with constant rate production or constant pressure production in an infinitely large system is carried out with the Douglas_Jones predictor_corrector method.Typical pressure curves are shown.


The development of new multifunctional textiles containing nanoparticles (NPs) has a special interest in several applications for pharmaceutical and medical products. Cu, Zn and Ag are the most promising antimicrobial NPs, exhibiting strong antibacterial activities. However, most of antimicrobial textiles coated with NPs are not able to perform a controlled release of NPs because of the high degree of aggregation. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of NPs stabilizers such as citrate, alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in Cu, Zn and Ag NPs dispersions. The obtained dispersions were used to develop a new class of antibacterial NPs coatings onto polyamide 6,6 (PA66) and polyester fabrics (PES) by Double Dielectric Barrier (DBD) plasma discharge. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to evaluate the best dispersing agent in terms of size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. Coating efficiency was evaluated by SEM, XPS and FTIR. The washing fastness of the coatings developed was also tested. The results show that the best dispersions were obtained using 2.5% of citrate for ZnO, 5% Alginate for Cu and 2.5% alginate for Ag NPs. SEM, XPS and FTIR analysis shows that DBD is an efficient deposition technique only for Ag and Cu NPs and that better perform in PA66 than PES fabric. The DBD deposition in air display similar results in term of NPS deposition of usually more efficient plasma jets using carrier gas such as N2 and Ar.


We consider the design of trellis codes for transmission of binary images over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. We first model the image as a binary asymmetric Markov source (BAMS) and then design source-channel optimized (SCO) trellis codes for the BAMS and AWGN channel. The SCO codes are shown to be superior to Ungerboeck's (1982) codes by approximately 1.1 dB (64-state code, 10/sup -5/ bit error probability). Furthermore, we compare the proposed SCO system to a more traditional tandem system consisting of a Huffman code, a convolutional code, an interleaver and an Ungerboeck trellis code. Using a facsimile image, we compare the image quality of an SCO code, an Ungerboeck code, and the tandem code. The SCO code yields the best reconstructed image quality at 4-5 dB channel SNR.


Inter-well fluid flows through porous media are commonly encountered in the production of groundwater, oil, and geothermal energy. In this paper, inter-well porous flow inside a rectangular reservoir is solved based on the complex variable function theory combined with the method of mirror images. In order to derive the solution analytically, the inter-well flow is modeled as a 2D flow in a homogenous and isotropic porous medium. The resulted exact analytical solution takes the form of an infinite series, but it can be truncated to give high accuracy approximation. In terms of nine cases of inter-well porous flow associated with enhanced geothermal systems, the applications of the obtained analytical solution are demonstrated, and the convergence properties of the truncated series are investigated. It is shown that the convergent rate of the truncated series increases with the symmetric level of well distribution inside the reservoir, and the adoption of Euler transform significantly accelerates the convergence of alternating series cases associated with asymmetric well distribution. In principle, the analytical solution proposed in this paper can be applied to other scientific and engineering fields, as long as the involved problem is governed by 2D Laplace equation in a rectangular domain and subject to similar source/sink and boundary conditions, i.e., isolated point sources/sinks and uniform Dirichlet or homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the preappointment experiences of early-career headteachers in Tanzania and to discuss implications for postsecondary institutions and ministries of education in East Africa. Research Design: Seven novice headteachers in a suburb of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, completed questionnaires and participated in face-to-face interviews about their preappointment professional and academic experiences germane to their school leadership roles. Themes within the data from the seven case studies were analyzed and are presented. Findings: There are very limited opportunities for formal preparation programs for headteachers. Preparation experiences typically follow an ad hoc apprenticeship model in which aspiring headteachers learn from their current headteachers. Inadequate preparation is reflected in the limited roles of headteachers in schools. Opportunities for collaborative headteacher preparation are emerging across East African countries but are dependent on support from the private sector and political leaders. Recommendations for further research are presented.


We investigate the automorphisms of some κ -existentially closed groups. In particular, we prove that Aut ( G ) is the union of subgroups of level preserving automorphisms and | Aut ( G ) | = 2 κ whenever κ is inaccessible and G is the unique κ -existentially closed group of cardinality κ . Indeed, the latter result is a byproduct of an argument showing that, for any uncountable κ and any group G that is the limit of regular representation of length κ with countable base, we have | Aut ( G ) | = (cid:2) κ + 1 , where (cid:2) is the beth function. Such groups are also κ -existentially closed if κ is regular. Both results are obtained by an analysis and classification of level preserving automorphisms of such groups.


A description is given of the model developed to assess the economic and environmental impact of the future growth of Schiphol Airport and the influence of policy decisions. Scenarios were forecast for the years 2003 and 2015 reflecting a) balanced growth worldwide, b) global shift (high growth in the Asian-Pacific region), and c) European renaissance (high growth in European economies). These scenarios were linked with airline policies of a) global liberalisation, b) business-as-usual, and c) European liberalisation respectively. Details are given of the model which has two demand modules, two supply modules and one economic impact module. Some of the factors considered include night bans, quotas and levies. For the covering abstract see IRRD 867739.


The Netherlands' Physical Society (Nederlandse Natuurkundige Vereniging, N.N.V.) was founded in 1921 and willl celebrate its 50th anniversary next year. The Society has approximately 2200 members. Roughly a quarter of these are students, the other categories being (in order of decreasing number) physicists associated with universities, industry, government-sponsored re search, and secondary education. No statistics on the distribution of all phy sicists in the Netherlands over pro fessions are available, but it is believed that a majority of those engaged in research are members of the Society, whereas only a minority of physics teachers and advanced students have joined. Membership fees amount to Hfl. 40 for regular members and Hfl. 15 for students. Members receive a biweekly issue of the "Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde" free of further charge and may take part in the Society's scientific meetings and sym posia. These are organized either for the Society as a whole, or for one of its regional or sectional subdivisions. The N.N.V. has a large and active section for applied physics, which organizes its meetings jointly with the Netherlands' Institute of Engineers and has similar contacts with the Chemical Society. Initiatives have re cently been taken to increase the number of sections in order to cover fields where contacts have, up to now, depended mainly on initiatives by indi viduals or laboratories. It is the So ciety's policy to develop national sections in fields corresponding to those of EPS Divisions, and to promote international contacts, either on a European scale through the European Physical Society or regionally through bilateral contacts. For example, some highly successful meetings of nuclear physicists were organized jointly with the German Physical Society. Other activities of the Society in clude the organization — together with the association of physics tea chers — of refresher courses for laboratory assistants. Another initiative that has proved to be of great impor tance for physics in the Netherlands has been the founding of the Journal "Physica", which is now operated by a commercial house under the respon sibility of the Foundation Physical. To celebrate its 50th anniversary, the N.N.V. is organizing a three day conference to be held in the week before Easter 1971. Contrary to the many national and international mee tings, organized or sponsored by the N.N.V. mainly for the benefit of phy sicists working in research, this anni versary conference will aim at the general interests of the whole member ship, including teachers and students. This is in agreement with the policy of the Society, as it has been evolving in recent years, to alternate meetings and symposia for specialists with dis cussions on matters such as the tea ching of physics and science policy. The same tendency is noticeable in the "Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde", which a year ago under went a 'facelifting' operation accom panied by a broadening of its scope. C.M. Braams, Chairman of the Netherlands' Physical Society.


Visual servoing has been a viable method of robot manipulator control for more than a decade. Initial developments involved position-based visual servoing (PBVS), in which the control signal exists in Cartesian space. The younger method, image-based visual servoing (IBVS), has seen considerable development in recent years. PBVS and IBVS offer tradeoffs in performance, and neither can solve all tasks that may confront a robot. In response to these issues, several methods have been devised that partition the control scheme, allowing some motions to be performed in the manner of a PBVS system, while the remaining motions are performed using an IBVS approach. To date, there has been little research that explores the relative strengths and weaknesses of these methods. In this paper we present such an evaluation. We have chosen three recent visual servo approaches for evaluation in addition to the traditional PBVS and IBVS approaches. We posit a set of performance metrics that mea sure quantitatively the performance of a visual servo controller for a specific task. We then evaluate each of the candidate visual servo methods for four canonical tasks with simulations and with experiments in a robotic work cell.


A basic rectangle being synthesized spectral representation, if applied to the image capture device, adapted to generate a sensor output image capture device. May be utilized in generating the synthesized value of the output color output color space from the image capture device sensor outputs substantially rectangular spectral representation, wherein the image capture device corresponding to the sensor output by the image capture device to capture an image. The generated output color values corresponding to the color of the human visual system perception of the same image captured with the image capture device. Also determines the color gamut of the image capture device.


Currently, the majority of the existing technologies for organic-waste recycling are not ecologically satisfactory and require large power inputs. As an alternative to existing methods, a completely new trend in the science of organic-waste bioconversion is called vermitechnology. Vermitechnology is based on the application of earthworms to organic-waste disposal. This complex method of bioconversion of environment-polluting industrial and agricultural organic wastes assumes producing two kinds of products: vermicompost and earthworm biomass. Vermiculture is a large and ecologically based business that results not only in a transition to ecological husbandry and production of high-quality food products but also helps in the development of a country's economy. Vermicompost is the breakdown product of earthworms (synonyms biohumus, vermihumus). There are about 45 kilograms of N, P, and K in 1 ton of vermicompost, and for plant food value it greatly outperforms other organic fertilizers. Vermicompost also contains humic and fulvic acids, biologically active CONtENts


This paper proposes a fast response One-Cycle Control (OCC) strategy for three-phase shunt active power filter. A comprehensive study of the OCC technique, exploiting their features and inherent drawbacks to provide a better understanding of this technique is presented. Simulation results of the active power filter with the conventional and proposed OCC strategies are shown in order to evaluate the performances of both for harmonics and power factor compensation of a nonlinear load. Experimental results are carried out and compared with the theoretical prediction.


Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabricius. 5) Due to a low probability that this compound can exhibit two intrinsic activities, there may be a relationship between the two types of effects of buprofezin on N. lugens. The present study was designed to clarify this hypothesis and finally revealed that 20-hydroxyecdysone could counteract both the nymphicidal and oviposition-inhibitory effects of buprofezin in N. lugens. Consequently, buprofezin seems to act on the ecdysone metabolism in N. lugens to result in death during molting and the suppression of egg-laying. N. lugens nymphsof the 5th instar were used within 1 hr after the last nymphal molt. Forty nymphs were fed on rice plants at 25°C under 60~70% relative humidity and 16hr daily


COVID-19 has turned out to be a serious challenge for the economic well-being and development of states. Restrictions aimed at combating the disease have seriously destabilized the previously established balance of economic relations. In this regard, in order to maintain the previous rates of economic growth and the stability of financial systems, the states needed to apply non-tax methods of influence. The article is devoted to the consideration of the main methods of stimulation in the conditions of quarantine restrictions, to which the authors attributed: financing of the healthcare sector; household support; tax incentives; financial support for the corporate sector; financial stimulation of the corporate sector; assistance from international and supranational organizations; liquidity transactions; debt transactions. The author's version of the scheme for supporting the liquidity of the business sector during the crisis period is presented. The publication cannot claim to be an academically exhaustive list of methods for stimulating economic development, however, it is one of the sources for summarizing and analyzing them under the conditions of the past quarantine restrictions.