A technique to measure planar elongational viscosity and step-planar stress relaxation, by using a lubricated squeeze flow method with PS and LDPE, has been optimized and established. The effect of experimental conditions, i.e., the viscosity of silicone oil as a lubricant, appeared in the measurement of the planar elongational viscosity. The dependence of the uniform planar deformation behavior on the silicone oil viscosity was greater in LDPE than in PS. A high viscosity silicone oil (3.0×102Pa-s) was chosen to minimize the loss of lubricant. Although the step-planar stress relaxation experiments required speeds that exceeded the testing machine specification to achieve the step deformation, this problem was successfully solved by inserting a metal spacer between the lower plate and the sample. The high viscosity silicone oil produced uniform deformation in both materials with minimal loss of the lubricant, however, the high viscosity of the silicone oil was believed to lead larger measured G0(t) results than the predicted values. The silicone oil viscosity was optimized at a lower value of 1.0×101Pa-s which minimized the influence of the silicone oil on the results while still producing substantial lubricity. The measurement of planar elongational viscosity by using this optimal silicone oil showed strain-hardening in both samples, with LDPE showing a stronger dependence. "Time-strain separability" within a certain time period was confirmed for the step planar stress relaxation modulus under the optimized conditions.


We report on the use of a quadratic programming technique in recent and upcoming spectrum auctions in Europe. Specifically, we compute a unique point in the core that minimizes the sum of squared deviations from a reference point, for example, from the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves payments. Analyzing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, we demonstrate that the resulting payments can be decomposed into a series of economically meaningful and equitable penalties. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits of this combinatorial auction, explore the use of alternative reserve pricing approaches in this context, and indicate the results of several hundred computational runs using CATS data.


The aim of the article is to present the history of schools and education in Ciechanowiec, from the earliest times to the end of the World War I. The oldest mention comes from the charter of Ciechanowiec, from 1492, where abath-ing attendant was mentioned. He was supposed to "...bath school students once aweek..." . In the 18th century, the school in the town was run by priest Krzysztof Kluk, awell-known naturalist of the Enlightenment. In the 19th cen-tury, the dominant role was played by schools with Russian as the language of instruction. An exceptional person was priest Józef Gaul, who fought for the introduction of the Polish language in schools. Aleksander Apuchtin, who ruth-lessly fought against the Polish language and culture, spent the last years of his life in the area of Ciechanowiec.


While much has been written about the efforts in multiple jurisdictions to recognize nature and natural features as rightsholders, there has been relatively little research into the relationship of these Rights of Nature developments to the Anthropocene. This article uses historian Dipesh Chakrabarty's argument for the adoption of a human species identity in the Anthropocene as a jumping off point to analyze how legal rights for nature, such as those enacted in the Ecuador and New Zealand, can help address what Chakrabarty identifies as the challenges the Anthropocene presents to contemporary political thought. These pressing challenges include how to politicize relations between humans and non-humans, extend justice and the sphere of human morality to non-humans, cope with human limitations on our abilities to represent non-humans, and to initiate a withdrawal from a human-dominated world that is a common though uneven legacy of imperialism, capitalism, and globalization. The article argues that by providing responses to these challenges, Rights of Nature laws may also further the development of a human species identity. However, it also qualifies this conclusion in several important regards. First, the more expansive of these protections, embracing all of nature within political boundaries and relying on a remedial approach to justice and broad notions of representation in fact may hinder the adoption of the kind of species identity for which Chakrabarty has called. Second, as a cosmopolitan identity, this identity may be inhibited by continued circumscription of Rights of Nature by notions of state sovereignty.


As the frequency increases for RF applications in silicon technology, the modeling of transmission lines is necessary. In this work, we propose to check the validity of the conventional measurement technique to extract the propagation parameters for structures in a standard BiCMOS process. To estimate this technique, the results are compared with 2D electromagnetic simulations. On microstrip structures, the comparison shows that the conventional method is sufficient up to 18 GHz. Moreover, we highlight the effects of energy dissipation in the dielectric layers currently used in the silicon process.


In this paper, we propose a new term weighting scheme called term frequency-inverse corpus frequency (TF-ICF). It does not require term frequency information from other documents within the document collection and thus, it enables us to generate the document vectors of N streaming documents in linear time. In the context of a machine learning application, unsupervised document clustering, we evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to five widely used term weighting schemes through extensive experimentation. Our results show that TF-ICF can produce document clusters that are of comparable quality as those generated by the widely recognized term weighting schemes and it is significantly faster than those methods


The invention discloses a safe payment method based on a payment identification code. A payment card with set sum and the payment identification code is signed and issued through a payment unit, and on-line operation by a receiving party by means of the payment identification code, a smart phone or a net-connected computer is performed on the transaction spot to achieve on-spot capital check and payment. By means of the safe payment method based on the payment identification code, the practicability and the safety are high, a special operating device is not required, implementation costs are extremely low, and the safe payment method based on the payment identification code is suitable for replacing existing check (draft) on-spot payment methods, achieves authorized payment methods of online shopping and has the advantages of exchange real-time payment and safe and portable debit cards.


This study compares with and analyzes different segregation methods from the aspect of segregation methods used by national bamboo garden and germplasm resources preservation library,integrating segregation experience of bamboo plants,in order to provide some reference for other bamboo garden constructing.


Objective
To investigate the incidence of infectious diseases among the naval shipboard personnel during prolonged deployment at sea and the therapeutic effects.

Methods
The constitution ratio of infectious diseases among the ship crew during prolonged deployment at sea was calculated and morbidity rates of various infectious diseases at different stages of deployment were compared, and the therapeutic effects of different antibiotics were carefully evaluated.

Results
During the whole course of prolonged deployment at sea, the constitution ratio of infectious diseases from high percentage to low percentage was respiratory tract infection(65.61%), gastrointestinal tract infection(32.01%), urinary system infection(1.19%) and paronychia(1.19%). The morbidity of gastrointestinal tract infection during the middle stage of deployment was significantly higher than those of the early and late stages. The morbidity of respiratory tract infection during the middle and late stages of deployment was significantly higher than that of the early stage. During the middle and late stages, the cure rate of azithromycin to non-viral respiratory tract infection was significant higher that of cefuroxime.

Conclusions
Both respiratory tract infection and gastrointestinal tract infection were all commonly seen during prolonged deployment at sea. Significant differences could be noted in the morbidity of respiratory tract infection and respiratory tract infection at different stages of deployment. The therapeutic effect of azithromycin was obviously superior to cefuroxime in the treatment of non-viral respiratory tract infection during the middle and late stages of prolonged deployment at sea.

Key words:
Prolonged voyage; Naval shipboard personnel; Infectious disease; Respiratory infection; Disease spectrum


A Ge(Li) γ-ray detector was used in conjunction with a 6-l pressurized (60 psia) well spectroscopy gas cell to selectively detect 85Kr stack emissions. This system was calibrated so as to relate the 514-keV γ-ray counting rate to 85Kr concentration. Counting rate, or concentration, was continuously recorded with a count-rate meter/strip-chart recorder combination and was also time averaged over 15-min intervals using a programmable multichannel analyzer system with cassette readout. Being completely automated, this γ-analysis system required little more than liquid nitrogen service and data record retrieval throughout a 4-month-long sampling period. The sensitivity of this γ-ray analytical system was such as to achieve a minimum detectable 85Kr stack concentration of 2 μCi/m3 for 15-min counting intervals.


Cognitive impairment (CN) is widespread in migraines, but very little has been studied. There is evidence that these violations are present in patients with episodic migraine (EM) during an attack and in the interictal period. The purpose of this work was to study the prevalence of objective CN in patients with EM and chronic migraine (CM) during the period of minimal or absent pain. Methods. The study involved 74 patients with CM and 42 patients with rare EM (no more than four days of headache per month) aged 18-59 years. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Evaluation of cognitive functions was performed using the Montreal MoCA cognitive function evaluation scale, the DSST digit test and the Ray test of the RAVLT hearing aural learning. Results. in the CM group, there was a decrease in the results of the DSST, MoCA tests and the RAVLT general memory index compared with patients with EM. in both groups, the value of the latter indicator did not reach the standard. in 38 % of patients with chronic respiratory infections, the result on the MoCA scale did not reach the lower limit of normal. The absence of interrelations between the results of tests for cognitive functions and the levels of anxiety and depression was revealed. Conclusion. in patients with EM and CM, objective CNs are observed. Preventive therapy of EM is needed to reduce the risk of chronicity and progression of CN.


Summary
The drought resistance of Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schultes, a species of limestone cliffs, screes and dry grassland has been compared with that of Agrostis capillaris L., a species particularly prevalent on dry acid soils, and Cynosurus cristatus L., a species abundant in meadows and pastures on damp to dry soils. The response of the three species to different watering regimes, which produced fluctuating water stresses of graded severity, was examined. The total dry weight yield of S. albicans was the highest, and the quantity of shoot material which died was the lowest under all water stress regimes. The effects of a six-week drought on the three species were monitored. Relative water content, drought damage and the capacity to recover were compared. S. albicans showed least damage and quickest recovery at all stages of the drought. The potential for drought avoidance was determined by examining the water status of excised leaves after desiccation, whilst potential for drought tolerance was estimated by monitoring their survival. The density of leaf epicuticular wax was determined for a comparative sample of the three species. S. albicans showed greater drought avoidance and tolerance, and had a greater density of leaf epicuticular wax, than the other two species. It was concluded that S. albicans is highly resistant to drought and as such is well adapted to survive as a 'physical' calcicole in dry limestone habitats.


In this paper a new infinite series UMVU etimator far general functions of the scale parameter in the gamma distribution wita shape parameter known is presented. The formula gives is easy to employ,and also leads to simple approximations to the UMVU. These approximations are shown to perform well is the examples considered.


Abstract A review of Normal Aging, Alzheimer's Disease and Senile Dementia: Aspects on Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment, edited by C.G. Gottfries. Belgium: Editions de l'Universite de Bruxelles, 1985. Pp. 312, ISBN: 2-8004-0873-1.


The spectral response of Multiple Quantum Barrier (MQB) nano-scale
avalanche photodiodes (APDs) based on Si~3C-SiC material system shows considerable responsivity
of the device within a very wide wavelength range which includes some portion of Ultra-
Violet (UV) spectrum (200- 90 nm), visible spectrum (390-770 nm), near-infrared (700-1400 nm),
short-wavelength infrared (1400-3000 nm) and mid-infrared (3000-4000 nm) wavelengths. It has
already been concluded from preceding studies that Si~3C-SiC MQB APDs shows better spectral
response and excess noise characteristics as compared to equivalent conventional APDs based on
Si. Moreover, the superiority of the illumination through p+-side (ITPS) structure has been observed
among two probable optical illumination configurations such as illumination through n+-
side (ITNS) and illumination through p+-side (ITPS) structures.

In this paper, the time and frequency responses of Si~3C-SiC MQB APDs have been investigated.
A very narrow rectangular pulse of pulse-width of 0.4 ps has been used as the input optical
pulse having 850 nm wavelength incident on the p+-side of the MQB APD structures (i.e. ITPS
is considered here) and corresponding current responses have been calculated by using a rigorous
simulation method developed by the authors; finally the frequency responses of the devices are obtained
via the Fourier transform of the corresponding pulse current responses in time domain.

The width of the current responses are limited to 4.7 and 3.1 ps in Si nano-APD and
Si~3C-SiC MQB (consisting of five quantum barriers) nano-APD respectively for the input optical
pulse of width 0.4 ps of 850 nm wavelength. On the other hand, the 3 dB upper cut-off frequencies
of the above-mentioned diodes are obtained to be 68.63 and 82.64 GHz respectively.

Simulation results show that MQB nano-APDs possess significantly faster time response
and wider frequency response as compared to the flat Si nano-APDs under similar operating
conditions.


China is undergoing an urbanization process that is unprecedented in human history. Scholars have made some advancement in understanding its impact on Chinese society and economy. How rapid urbanization has affected Chinese politics is a relatively understudies topic. In this paper, we explore this aspect and argue that China's fast urbanization and land development has undermined the quality of rural democracy because local government officials faced pressure to ensure "right" cadres elected, and therefore had motivation to manipulate election rules. A panel dataset covering two rounds of elections in 2004 and 2008 is utilized to establish the causal relationship. Our findings are robust to various refinements in measurement and model specification. These findings contribute to the general literature on land and democratization as well as the debate about modernization in a comparative context.


PbO-NaF-B2O3 glasses containing different concentrations of Cr 2O3 have been prepared. The glasses are characterized by XRD, SEM and differential thermal analysis. These studies have been analyzed in the light of different oxidation states of chromium ion with the aid of the data on IR, ESR, optical absorption and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The analysis shows that chromium ions exist mainly in Cr 3+ state, occupy octahedral positions of the glass if Cr 2O3 is present up to 0.3 mol %. However, if Cr 2O3 is present in higher concentrations i.e., above 0.3 mol % in the glass matrix, (i) the intensity and the half width of the ESR signal has been observed to increase and (ii) the number of Cr 3+ ion concentration (calculated from the magnetic susceptibility measurements and by talking magnetic moment 3.9 μB) has been observed to decrease and hence increase in the concentration of Cr 6+ ion in the glass and occupy tetrahedral sites in the glass matrix. From these results it has been concluded that up to 0.3 % mole concentration range, chromium ions exist mainly in trivalent state. Keyword: fluoroborate glass, optical absorption, Hurby's Parameter.


A new Self-Aligned Asymmetric Structure (SAAS) which has asymmetric halo at the highly doped source extension is proposed and optimized for sub-0.1 /spl mu/m MOSFET technology. The fabrication process for the asymmetric structure requires no additional masks. The hydrodynamic device simulation coupled with process simulation shows that the highly doped asymmetric halo enhances the velocity overshoot at the source side and suppresses the short channel effects. The degradation of device performance caused by increased resistance in the highly doped halo is reduced by the asymmetric drain structure with low parasitic resistance.


The invention relates to a type of condenser comprising a plurality of tubes forming a beam mounted between a first and a second tubular manifolds (2), and a separate tubular container (7) disposed adjacent and substantially parallel to one of said boxes and communicating with said box, at least one of the tank and the box to which it is adjacent being formed as a formed sheet metal element. The longitudinal edges in vis-a-vis the sheet formed member are folded outwardly to form two lips (13) projecting, these lips being locally deformed to leave free between them at least one fluid passage (15 , 16) and engaged at least at the location of the passage in an opening (18) formed in the wall (19) of the other tubular member. Application to motor vehicle air conditioning systems.


Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in murine spleen are essential for the maintenance of immune homeostasis by elimination of blood‐borne foreign particles and organisms. It has been reported that splenic DCs, especially CD8α+ CD103+ DCs, are responsible for tolerance to apoptosis‐associated antigens. However, the molecular mechanism by which these DCs maintain immune homeostasis by blood‐borne apoptotic cell clearance remains elusive. Here, we found that the CCL22/CCR4 axis played a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis during apoptotic cell clearance by splenic CD8α+ CD103+ DCs. The present results revealed that systemic administration of apoptotic cells rapidly induced a large number of CCL22 and CCR4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the spleen of C57BL/6J mice. Further study demonstrated that CD8α+ CD103+ DCs dominantly produce much higher CCL22 than CD8α+ CD103− DCs. Moreover, the transient deletion of CD8α+ CD103+ DCs caused a decrease in CCL22 levels together with CCR4+ Treg cell percentage. Subsequently, the levels of some pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐17 and interferon‐γ in the spleen with the absence of CD8α+ CD103+ DCs increased in response to the administration of apoptotic cells. Hence, intravenous injection of apoptotic cells induced a subsequent increase in CCL22 expression and CCR4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis at least partially by splenic CD8α+ CD103+ DCs.


Albert Melvin Grass was scientist, inventor, engineer, philanthropist, husband, father, grandfather, employer, and friend. These are a few of the many titles associated with the name Albert Grass. Born September 2, 1910 in Quincy, Massachusetts, where he spent his entire life, he married Ellen Robinson, and together they raised two sons, Robert (Figure I) and Hank. Albert died in his Quincy home on May 29, 1992. As a child Albert built his own crystal and vacuum tube radios . As a young man Albert worked as a laborer, carpenter, painter, and electrician (Henry 1992). Legend has it that shortly after high school, while working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Albert took the State Electricians Licensing Exam. When he received the results of the exam only one question was marked wrong and Albert was infuriated, knowing that he had given the correct answer. Being the man that he was, Albert challenged the result. Soon after, he applied to MIT and then attended this prestigious institution. Following graduation in 1934 Albert stayed on to work at MIT. This was the beginning of his involvement in developing devices for recording brain waves. In 1935 Albert left MIT to begin work at Harvard Medical School's Department of Physiology. Dr. Fred Gibbs and his wife Erna had contacted Albert prior to their


For the use of boiler flame image analysis to detect the boiler flame combustion stability, when the combustion affected by coal, peaking , improper operation or other effects, the flame appeared short pulsation. In general, the traditional detection methods based on gray scale variance can not avoid the impact of flame pulsation on account of the inaccuracy of the boiler combustion stability detection. This paper presents a flame combustion instability detection method based on neural network and selects multiple features which are directly related to the flame stability as neural network input vector. Experiments show that this method can fight off the tiny ripple influence caused by the impurities combustion or peak and simultaneously, greatly improve the detection accuracy and stability.


Many people in Indonesia have been exposed to covid-19 since 2020. When suffering from covid-19, patients may experience some physical and psychological responses. Psychological responses experienced after being confirmed covid-19 are fear of clinical symptoms, inability to recover, becoming a burden to others, and fear of death. These responses can cause anxiety. This study aims to see the effect of social support on anxiety levels among Covid-19 survivors in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach by analyzing the influence between variables. The subjects in this study were 396 covid-19 survivors from age 19 until 34 in Indonesia. Data collection using 20 items from Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and 12 items from the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The data analysis uses simple linear regression. Based on the data analysis results, social support negatively affects anxiety levels among Covid-19 survivors when they are suffering from covid-19 (2.3%). At the same time, the other (97.7%) were influenced by other factors not measured in this study. This study also found that anxiety and social support didn't significantly differ with gender, age, area, duration of exposure to covid-19, and treatment place.


Late blight, caused by the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, continues to be the most devastating and economically important disease affecting potato crops worldwide. Recent geographical migrations of the pathogen have displaced the 'old' US-1 clonal lineage with 'new', genotypically distinct, lineages. These new genotypes have shown increased pathogenic fitness and diverse environmental requirements. Interactions between two different isolates of the US-8 race and three potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars were analyzed through in planta infection, under controlled laboratory conditions. Disease development over time was rated for each experimental unit by determining incubation period, foliar lesion area and relative number of leaves displaying necrosis. Difference in incubation period between isolates was nearly significant in Russet Burbank, with disease symptoms presenting much later for replicates infected with PSUPotb. No significant difference was seen in incubation period between isolates in cv. Kennebec or cv. Red Norland, with the shortest incubation period occurring for isolate NC092ba in Kennebec. Incubation period did not differ for isolate NC092ba across cultivars. Isolate PSUPotb had a longer incubation period in Russet Burbank than in the other two cultivars. Data suggest, therefore, that differential pathogenicity between the US-8 isolates exists in at least one cultivar. Cultivar susceptibility was also variable. As suggested in previous studies, it was found that cv. Kennebec was least susceptible to either isolate. Confirmation of pathogen presence in infected leaf tissue was successfully obtained using previously developed P. infestans specific primers in a standard Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay.


Genetic generalized epilepsies, or idiopathic generalized epilepsies, are a group of syndromes with a known or presumed genetic origin, with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) being the most frequent subtype. Despite several pieces of evidence of its genetic etiology, there is still a lack of clinical measures that could be used as endophenotypes in JME and other genetic generalized epilepsies. Endophenotypes are subclinical quantitative biological traits that reliably reflect the function of a discrete biological system, which are likely heritable, and as such are more likely related to the cause of the disease than the overt clinical phenotype.1 MRI measures have been used extensively as potential endophenotypes in autism and several psychiatric disorders,1,2 but only more recent studies have evaluated the use of quantitative MRI for defining endophenotypes in epilepsies.3


A practical method for large scale synthesis of 1-arylnaphthalene and 1-aryl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene lignans is described. The method makes use of the classic Stobbe condensation followed by regioselective reactions that provide access to both the common and retrolactone lignans, e.g., 2 and 3. A total of 25 compounds, many of which are known natural products, were prepared and their antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus measured.Key words: lignan, Stobbe, arylnaphthalene, antiviral.


Two cases of bullous and nodular lichen planus induced by ingested and topically administered native medicine are described. The high incidence of lichen planus in Africa could be due to the widespread use of herbal drugs. This could partly explain the absence of buccal mucosal lesion in lichen planus in African Negroes.


Recognition-based graphical passwords are common alternatives to alphanumeric passwords for user authentication. Previously, we proposed culturally familiar recognition-based graphical passwords using pictures that relate to users' backgrounds. This scheme showed a high level of memorability, especially for users who created their graphical password from culturally familiar pictures [1]. This paper aims to study this scheme further by examining its security against educated guessing attacks. This study was also the first attempt to investigate the risk of using personal information shared by users on social networks to guess their graphical passwords.
 Friends and family members of the owners of graphical passwords were asked to make three attempts at attacking their graphical passwords. Each graphical password consisted of both culturally familiar and unfamiliar pictures. The attackers were advised to use two sources of information to help them in guessing: the victims' accounts on social networks and direct experience with the victims.
 The results of this within-subject study showed that the attackers correctly guessed the culturally familiar pictures more often than unfamiliar ones. Also, culturally familiar pictures were easier to guess than unfamiliar pictures when the attackers used information from social networks.


Yetang Formation of the Upper Cretaceous outcropped widely in the eastern Guangdong Province.It is the salt lake sediment determined with lithology,lithofacies and paleontology-stratigraphy characteristics of the outcrop.This set of sediments can be correlated to the sediments of the upper Cretaceous in well LF35-1-1 in the Chaoshan depression.Both were sedimentary series containing gypsum which formed in the dry-hot environment.Main lithology of both sets of sediments are mudstone,siltstone and sandstone,mudstone and siltstone interbedded with thin gypsum layer or gypsum crystal stock cementation in sandstone.The Chaoshan depression has been a favorable oil-gas exploration area in the Mesozoic basin,and which has good petroleum geological conditions.The salt lake sediment of the Mesozoic in the eastern Guangdong Province has similar sedimentary environment to the Chaoshan depression.The basis for the correlation of the onshore outcrop to the marine Mesozoic formation is the similarity of climate,lithology and lithofacies in two sets of sediments.The correlation of the salt lake sediment of the Mesozoic in the eastern Guangdong Province to the marine formation in Chao-shan depression favors the preliminary solving the problems which the impossibility of formation outcropped directly observed and the relatively lacking of drilling data during the processing of oil and gas exploration in marine formation.This correlation of two sets of formations can learn from the deposition of the marine research result which has important guiding significance to terrestrial salt lake basin exploration.


Chitosan is a biodegradable biopolymer emerging as a promising nonviral vector for gene delivery and due to its low toxicity and biocompatibility, chitosan received increasing attention as a versatile excipient. To improve water solubility and gene transfection efficiency of chitosan, we synthesized methylated N-(4- N,N dimethyl aminobenzyl) O- carboxymethyl derivative in this study as a novel gene delivery vector.After synthesize the new derivative in three steps and determine the degree of substitution via H-NMR, nanoparticles of polymer and DNA plasmid were formed by ionic gelation method at different N/P ratios and then DNA retardation and DNase I tests were done. Finally zeta potential and size of selected N/P ratios were measured.In DNA retardation test the new derivative could retard pDNA migration at N/P ratios>10 and in DNase I test pDNA was protected from enzyme degradation at N/P ratios of 10,15,20 and 25. According to the particle size and zeta potential measurements of polyplexes at these N/P ratios, the sizes are 234, 300, 217, 1182 nm and zeta potentials are 12.6, 9.20, 38.9 and 23 mV, respectively. Through these analyses the N/P ratios of 10 and 20 are selected and will be tested for ability of gene transfection and cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell lines.In this study we showed that methylated N-(4-N,N dimethyl aminobenzyl) O- carboxymethyl chitosan as a novel vector is more soluble in water and can interact with pDNA and protect it from enzymatic degradation at lower N/P ratios and thus it would be a promising nonviral vector for invivo gene delivery studies.


The real-time measurement and analysis of various road traffic parameters such as vchicle count, speed of vehicles, type of vehicles, and the turning movements of vehicles at traffic junctions (TMJ) etc. are increasingly required for traffic control and management. The image processing technique is now considered as an attractive and flexible technique for automatic analysis and data collection in traffic engineering. However, the computational requirement for such a technique is beyond the capacity of conventional computers, therefore, special purpose architectures have to be designed to speed up image processing operations. In this paper we describe a programmable image processor for measuring road traffic parameters such as vehide count and TMJ parameters. The processor is designed with a high degree of paralleliam to speed up image processing operations. Combining data parallelism found in array processors into the architecture of the processor, a high degree of concurrency is achieved. The processor is modelled and simulated using VHDL language. We execute image-processing algorithms on the simulation model and measure the performance of the whole system. The results show that the system is able to measure traffic parameters in real-time.


Six species of the genus Agonopterix Hubner are reported from China. Among them, four species are described as new:A. tibetana Wang, sp. nov., A. acutivalvula Wang, sp. nov., A. orientalis Wang, sp. nov. and A. dilatata Wang, sp. nov.; two species are recorded for the first time from this country:A. capreolella (Zeller) and A. liturosa (Haworth). Photographs of the adults and the genital structures are provided.


The GRACE, HEART and TIMI scores have been well validated for assessment of prognosis in non-ST- elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). However, their value in predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) has been little studied. In this paper, we aimed to assess the relationship between these scores and the extent of coronary disease, by studying 183 cases with NSTEMI, from cardiology department in Mohamed VI university hospital center in Marrakesh. Results showed a positive correlation between the SYNTAX and the HEART and GRACE scores, but the correlation with TIMI reached no statistical significance.


Markets and free fairs, established in many urban centers, function as income-generating mechanisms for permit holders. The objective was to characterize sociodemographically the permission holders of socio-biodiversity products in an urban area in the city of Teresina (PI), as well as to investigate the commercialization channels and the actors involved. 48 permit holders were interviewed in five public markets in the city. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively through descriptive analysis. The results show a higher occurrence of women working in the activity (81.3%); predominance of adults in the economically active phase (51 years); unschooled (32%) and monthly income between one to two minimum wages. They are of Piauí origin (58.3%) and most develop their activities seven days a week. The sale of sociobiodiversity products was not mentioned as the main income, coming from pensions and / or government social benefits (87.2%). The sale of sociobiodiversity products in the markets studied involves a network that includes a marketing chain, in which the main actors are: suppliers, producers, intermediaries, permissionaires and consumers. The markets surveyed are channels for marketing socio-biodiversity products in the municipality, highlighting the activity and socio-demographic aspects of the interviewees, in addition to supplementing the income of families who use this medium.


Resilient plastics may be indicated for use on the tissue surfaces o f postsurgical obturators, as a means of stabilizing rec ord bases, and as a tissue conditioner. Resilient liners are compatible with the soft tissues of the mouth. T hey permit a simple, expeditious method whereby the dentist can overcom e some of the clinical problems associated with prosthodontics. Because resilient liners differ widely in their physical properties, a liner should be chosen that demonstrates those prop erties desirable for a specific procedure.


The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in the ethnic composition of the East Kazakhstan region. The study used statistical data of current statistics and the results of the 1959 and 1989 population censuses. A detailed description is given of the two dominant nationalities of the region: Kazakh and Russian nationalities (share, urban and rural population, proportion of men and women). In the middle of the 20th century, Russian nationality prevailed, then by the end of the 20th century, the number of Russian nationality decreased and the number of Kazakh nationality increased. Migration had a strong influence on the ethnic structure of the population of the region, since the mass migration of Russians, Germans, the arrival of the Kazakhs led to the formation of a new proportion, so the Kazakh population began to return to the first place, and the Russians took second place. The relevance of the article lies in the study of the influence of the dynamics of ethnic composition on the demographic situation of the region in the 1950s-1980s. The foundations of demographic processes in modern Kazakhstan were formed in this thirtieth anniversary. Summing up the study of the settlement of the population of East Kazakhstan based on the censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979 and 1989, the most pronounced main positive and negative demographic processes had a great impact on the national composition of the region. And this, in turn, is a vivid manifestation of the demographic development of the East Kazakhstan region


If dB = dB, we say that B has asymptotic density dB, given by the common value. In [3] I. Z. Ruzsa proved that if A = {1 ≤ a1 < a2 < . . .} is an infinite sequence of integers and if an+1 ≤ 2an for all but at most finitely many values of n, then P (A) has an asymptotic density, where P (A) is the set of all sums of the form ∑ εiai, εi = 0 or 1. Ruzsa conjectured that for every pair of numbers 0 ≤ α ≤ β ≤ 1 there exists A = {1 ≤ a1 < a2 < . . .} for which d(P (A)) = α and d(P (A)) = β. He also mentioned that an easy argument shows the case β = 1. In this paper we prove Ruzsa's conjecture:


A copper damascene formation method is provided to improve the reliability of copper wire by preventing the void on the copper wire from being generated in a copper damascene formation process. A copper damascene formation method comprises the step for forming the first insulation layer(322) on the top of the substrate; the step for etching selectively the first insulation layer in order to form the bottom trench; the step for filling the first copper layer on the bottom trench; the step for forming the second insulation layer on the first insulation layer and the first copper layer; the step for etching selectively the second insulation layer in order to form the via hole and upper trench; the step for filling the second copper layer(350) on the via hole and upper trench. The first copper layer fills the bottom trench with the state where a part of insulating layer which is not etched remains during the step for etching selectively the first insulation layer on the bottom trench.


© Castro,J.W.A.;Maria Célia Elias Senra,M.C.E.;Renato Rodriguez Cabral Ramos,R.R.C. 2006. Coquinas from the Paleolagoon of the Tauá-Pântano da Malhada Reserve, State of Rio de Janeiro A record of holocenic climatic optimum. In: Winge,M.; Schobbenhaus,C.; Berbert-Born,M.; Queiroz,E.T.; Campos,D.A.; Souza,C.R.G. ; Fernandes,A.C.S. (Edit.) Geological and Palaeontological Sites of Brazil. Available on line 13/09/2006 at the address http://www.unb.br/ig/sigep/sitio004/sitio004english.pdf [actually http://www.sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio004/sitio004english.pdf ]


Hyaluronan and hyaluronidases have been used in several medical fields for many years and some hyaluronidases play a role in, e.g., meningitis, septicaemia, arthroses and cancer. To further investigate the function of hyaluronan and hyaluronidases in (patho)physiological processes, selective and potent hyaluronidase inhibitors are required. Originated by the lack of such compounds, the main goal of this thesis was the prediction of lead-like structures by de novo ligand design.
For de novo ligand design with the programme LUDI, a homology model of S. agalactiae strain 4755 hyaluronidase (hylB4755) was constructed starting from two bacterial hyaluronidases. Screening of the LeadQuest®, Accelrys and the adapted ChemACX (ChemACXF) databases resulted in 1275 hits. 13 out of 19 selected compounds were active on hylB4755 in the milli- and submillimolar range. 1,3-Diacetylbenzimidazole-2-thione was identified to be one of the most potent inhibitors of bacterial hyaluronidases (IC50 values of 5 µM and 160 µM at physiological pH and optimum pH, respectively).
To validate the usage of the aforementioned databases in virtual screening, the distribution of six (physico)chemical properties (molecular weight, log P, numbers of H-bond donors and acceptors, numbers of rotatable bonds and of rings) within these databases were analysed with respect to drug-likeness. The analysis revealed that the LeadQuest® databases Vol. 1&2 and Vol. 1-3 are suitable compound selections for virtual screening with drug-like molecules. Furthermore, the raw pre-filtering of the ChemACX database by elimination of reactive compounds and of entities outside a certain molecular weight range resulted in a database with significantly different property distributions, though covering the essential pharmacological space.
For de novo design of inhibitors of bovine testicular hyaluronidase (BTH) a homology model of the enzyme based on crystal structures of bee venom hyaluronidase was constructed using MODELLER. Filtering of the Lead-Quest® and the ChemACXF databases resulted in ca. 5500 hits. 5 compounds were selected for testing hyaluronidase inhibition; none of the compounds inhibited BTH. Additionally, a ligand-based approach was performed. The superposition of the active sites of the BTH model, the crystal structures of bee venom hyaluronidase and the bacterial chitinases A and B in complex with inhibitors revealed a very good overlap of the amino acids involved in catalysis and of the co-crystallised ligands. By considering essential substructures mimicking the proposed intermediate of hyaluronic acid hydrolysis and by introducing suitable substituents suggested to interact with amino acids of the active site of the bovine enzyme, two compounds were proposed as potential inhibitors of BTH.
Due to the weak inhibition of S. pneumoniae hyaluronidase by vitamin C, the more hydrophobic derivative L-ascorbic acid-6-hexadecanoate was investigated and proved to be a potent inhibitor of hylB4755, S. pneumoniae hyaluronidase and BTH (IC50 values of 4 µM, 100 µM and 56 µM, respectively). The binding mode of L-ascorbic acid-6-hexadecanoate at S. pneumoniae hyaluronidase was determined by X-ray analysis, supporting the hypothesis that additional hydrophobic interactions in the active site contribute to the higher affinity. The potential binding mode of L-ascorbic acid-6-hexadecanoate at BTH was predicted by flexible docking with FlexX suggesting two alternative binding modes. That binding mode seems to be clearly favoured where the long alkyl chain of L-ascorbic acid-6-hexadecanoate favourably interacts with an extended, strongly hydrophobic channel.
The analysis of two hyaluronate lyase-inhibitor complexes revealed that the the indole moiety of the inhibitor sulfamic acid 1-decyl-2-(4-sulfamoyloxy-phenyl)-1H-indol-6-yl ester and the vitamin C portion of L-ascorbic acid-6-hexadecanoate bind in exactly the same region of the catalytic site. Additionally, the long aliphatic substituents of both compounds dunk in the same surface crevice. Using the programmes LUDI and GRID, regions where H-bond donor, H-bond acceptor and hydrophobic moieties of inhibitors may interact most favourably were identified and transferred into a 3D pharmacophore model. The analysis of known SAR of 2-phenylindole derivatives with respect to the observed binding mode of sulfamic acid 1-decyl-2-(4-sulfamoyloxy-phenyl)-1H-indol-6-yl ester and to the 3D pharmacophore model led to suggestions about the binding mode of benzoxazole-2-thione derivatives. Based on the superposition of the crystal structure of this bacterial lyase in complex with the co-crystallised indole derivative and a substrate-based hexasaccharide, novel benzoxazole-2-thiones with 3-substituted N-propanoyl groups were predicted as putative hyaluronate lyase inhibitors. This design strategy was confirmed by the activity of the 3-phenylpropanoyl derivative which potently inhibits hylB4755 with an IC50 value of 15 µM.


This article presents the results of a simulation experiment comparing the behavior of four noise background normalization schemes. The four schemes are the two‐pass mean, the split three‐pass mean, the split average exclude average, and the order truncate average normalizers.


Abstract:This note revisits a psalm addressing Zion from Mur 6, a scroll found in the caves of Wadi Murabbaʿat. It offers a revised edition of the psalm based on the recent infrared images and attempts to place it within the wider group of Second Temple texts addressing Jerusalem.


Abstract Coprinellus deminutus is a very rare species that is known only from three localities in Europe. This paper presents new records of the species in Russia (two new localities in the protected areas of Orenburg Region, the European part of Russia). It expands this species geographic distribution to the Urals. A description of the species and its habitats is provided.


The population of the developed world is aging. Most websites, apps, and digital devices are used by adults aged 50+ as well as by younger adults, so they should be designed accordingly. This course, based on the presenter's new book, presents age-related factors that affect older adults' ability to use digital technology, as well as design guidelines that reflect older adults' varied capabilities, usage patterns, and preferences.


AIM
To study the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists on normal colonic motor activity in conscious dogs.

METHODS
Colonic motor activity was recorded using a strain gauge force transducer in 5 dogs before and after 5-HT2B, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor antagonist administration. The force transducers were implanted on the serosal surfaces of the gastric antrum, terminal ileum, ileocecal sphincter and colon. Test materials or vehicle alone was administered as an intravenous bolus injection during a quiescent period of the whole colon in the interdigestive state. The effects of these receptor antagonists on normal gastrointestinal motor activity were analyzed.

RESULTS
5-HT2B, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor antagonists had no contractile effect on the fasting canine terminal ileum. The 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor antagonists inhibited phase III of the interdigestive motor complex of the antrum and significantly inhibited colonic motor activity. In the proximal colon, the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. Dose dependency, however, was not observed in the distal colon. The 5-HT2B receptor antagonist had no contractile effect on normal colonic motor activity.

CONCLUSION
The 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor antagonists inhibited normal colonic motor activity. The 5-HT2B receptor antagonist had no contractile effect on normal colonic motor activity.


A mathematical model is given for stress determination in inhomogeneous rock with special reference to a triaxial strain cell. The practical effects of variations in the form and the positioning of the strain-gage rosettes is considered. Four-element rosettes are shown to provide an estimate of the basic measurement variance that, although sensitive to small scale inhomogeneities, is insensitive to anisotropy of the rock. The application of this estimate to an analysis of variance of the data is outlined. A cell incorporating three four-element strain-gage rosettes spaced circumferentially in the borehole at 120-deg spacing is shown to be highly efficient in providing estimates of the stress components with relatively low variances. In addition, the covariances are very low, and this lessens the complexity of expressing and understanding the complete error pattern.


The article is formed on the theoretical positions of perspective development of accounting in the direction of information support of management in the conditions of sustainable development, one of the directions of which is based on formation of theoretical bases of accounting of potential and its measurement and capitalization. The challenges and problems of the information management system, which complicate the implementation of the strategy of effective management and capitalization of agricultural enterprises, are summarized. Including: digitalization of production processes in agriculture, which requires synchronization of information support with modern digital devices and technologies for collecting and accumulating primary accounting data; increasing the level of the shadow economy both in the agricultural sector and in general, which requires increased transparency, reliability and validity of accounting and reporting; decentralization of power, which necessitates strengthening the information support of rural communities and local governments on the resources and potential of rural areas; export orientation of the agricultural sector and the need for reliable information levers to strengthen the competitiveness of Ukraine and its positioning in international markets; lack of a reliable consolidated information base of indicators of agricultural development, different methodology of generalization of information in state departments, superficial statistics of households, family farming, non-transparency of statistics of agricultural holdings; selectivity, formality of preparation and reduction of the number of indicators of statistical reporting, which leads to loss of user confidence in this source of information, the use of alternative sources of information with unconfirmed reliability. The article is presented updated theoretical principles of management information support in the context of sustainable development. Problems and challenges of modern development of accounting and information support of management of subjects of agrarian business are generalized. The approach is formed according to which information support of branch management is presented by formal and informal (alternative) component. The functionality of accounting has been expanded as a basis for information support of management from purely managerial to accounting for sustainable development, in particular in the sense of capitalization of national wealth. Consideration of accounting as a component of sustainable development has allowed expanding its subject in terms of capitalization of national wealth, objects – human and natural capital of enterprises, government agencies and local communities.


Punjab economy is an agrarian economy with the share of agriculture & allied activities in Gross State Domestic Product of about 27 per cent (2012-13). Agriculture provides 35.59 per cent of employment to the workforce in Punjab. The contribution of Punjab towards central pool of foodgrains was 33.6 per cent in case of wheat and 25.1 per cent in case of rice during 2012-13. Hence, the importance of agriculture in the state economy can never be ignored or mitigated. The agrarian economy of Punjab has transformed from a subsistence local economy to commercial market oriented economy. Before 1970s, the agriculture of the state could fulfil only its own needs of food and clothing but after the introduction of green revolution technology in 1970s, it was not only able to meet the food needs of the country but contributed considerably to earn foreign exchange. The characteristic features of agrarian economy of Punjab are thoroughly discussed in this chapter. Section I deals with growth of Punjab agriculture whereas section II explains the agrarian crisis of the state.


Cellulose as an abundant source of glucose in Indonesia requires acceleration of decomposition utilizing cellulolytic bacteria.  Cellulolytic bacteria can be obtained from the isolation of mangrove organic matter, such as sediments. Muntok Sub-district is one of the regions with the most tin mining in West Bangka Regency also has mangroves in the coastal area. Exploration of cellulolytic bacteria in mangroves with different environmental characteristics encourages researchers to find new bacterial strains that produce cellulase enzymes with new properties. Thirteen isolates were successfully isolated from three locations. Tembelok mangrove sediments produced Seven bacterial isolates, Peltim Mangrove samples produced three isolates and from Sukal Mangrove three isolates were obtained. Seven isolates showed clear zones in the Lugol test and three isolates including were gram-positive bacteria. Molecular test with 16S rRNA analysis showed TBL1 isolate has 85% similar identity of  Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain HY3 and TBL2 isolate has 98% similar identity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HS8. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens potential to further study as cellulose degrading bacteria for feed ingredients.


ABSTRACT Densities, speeds of sound and viscosities were measured for the binary mixtures para-chloroacetophenone (PCAP) with 2-alkoxyethanols (2-methoxyethanol [2-MOE], 2-ethoxyethanol [2-EOE] and 2-butoxyethanol [2-BOE]) at T = (303.15–318.15) K. These experimental data have been used to calculate excess volume (VE ), excess isentropic compressibility (KsE ), deviation in viscosity (∆η) and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow (G*E ). The excess parameters have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation and the results were analysed in terms of acid–base interactions, hydrogen bond interactions and dipole–dipole interactions between unlike molecules. Further, the FTIR spectra have been recorded at 298.15 K and found to be useful for understanding the presence of hydrogen bonding between oxygen atom of carbonyl group of p-chloroacetophenone and hydrogen atom of the –OH group of 2-alkoxyethanols molecules in the present liquid mixtures. A good agreement is obtained between excess quantities and spectroscopic data.


The impact of probe power on the distortions of both pump pulse and Brillouin gain/loss spectrum in single-tone probe based BOTDA system is experimentally investigated for the first time. The results indicate probe power limitations in a couple of recent techniques, offering practical probe power thresholds securing the robustness in such methods.


The determination of lot sizes and production schedules of multiple products in multiple periods is difficult when sequence-dependent set-up costs are present. By using an initial set-up cost estimator (ISCE) the joint problem can be divided and solved sequentially. A search of the literature reveals that, while there is considerable research on the individual problems of lot sizing and scheduling, there is a dearth of study on either the joint problem or on the effect of ISCE selection on the total cost solution. Using a variety of data sets, this paper evaluates the sensitivity of ISCE selection on the solution to the joint problem. Results of the study demonstrate that the choice of an ISCE can have a significant effect on the final lot sizes and schedules. Additionally, the research shows that 'common sense' a priori assumptions about ISCE performance may lead to the selection of an inappropriate ISCE.


A modal analysis method is used to investigate scattering from conducting objects of rectangular cross-section, and to determine the variation of the radar cross-section due to the polarisation or direction of the incident wave and the effect of the mode coupling resulting from crosssectional perturbation from a circular cylinder. The traditional approach of surface integral equations in conjunction with a moment method is used to solve the problem numerically. A geometric transformation is used to select entire domain basis functions for the surface current along the cross-section. Subdomain basis functions are used to represent the current component in the plane orthogonal to the cross-section. Owing to the geometric structure of the object the current modes are coupled. The degree of coupling and convergence of the modes are investigated. Representative results for objects of square and rectangular cross-sections are presented and discussed.


ABSTRACT We use the Education Longitudinal Study: 2002 to compare the perceived importance of work and family achievement among young women and men. We apply latent class analysis to identify distinct configurations of values, then examine associations between latent classes and educational and occupational expectations. Results show high ambitions for both work and family among both young women and men. Although young women are more likely than young men to report that marriage and family relationships are very important, differences are small. Young women are also more likely to value work-related outcomes and to hold high educational and occupational expectations.


Organonitrogen compounds are of vital importance to our lives.   For almost all organonitrogen compounds, ammonia is only the feedstock as a nitrogen source.   Ammonia is produced from dinitrogen (N2) and dihydrogen (H2) by the Haber‐Bosch process, which consumes an enormous amount of energy.   As an alternative method to convert N2 into organonitrogen compounds under milder conditions, various stoichiometric reactions with transition metal complexes have been explored for the last 50 years.   However, the field of catalytic formation of organonitrogen compounds directly from N2 with transition metal complexes is still in its infancy.   This short review summarizes strategies to achieve the direct synthesis of organonitrogen compounds from N2 under mild reaction conditions using transition metal complexes ranging from stoichiometric reactions to catalytic reactions.


The mechanism of chemical wear of copper with n-hexadecane containing sulfur was studied. The influence of sulfur concentration, load and temperature on the chemical wear has been investigated. As the mechanism of wear is complex, the simplest possible reaction system was selected.From this work, it is found that there is optimum sulfur concentration at which wear rate and friction coefficient are minimum. From observation of surface and wear particles, it is made clear that before and after the minimum, the mechanism of wear changes. In the less than minimum region, adhesive wear seems to be the main mechanism and in the higher concentration region, the mechanism of wear is mainly flaking of surface films. From the results of the electron diffraction analysis of films and elemental analysis of wear particles, the films are found to be mainly CuS. By EPMA analysis of sulfur concentration in surface films, the minimum is considered to be due to critical film thickness.


INTRODUCTION Following an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic Corona virus disease (COVID 19), otherwise healthy children, may develop serious manifestations in form of cardiac, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal and dermatologic dysfunction. Many such cases were being observed in Odisha, an eastern state of India and reported from different health care facilities. We related these unexplained serious manifestations to Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome associated with COVID 19 (MISC) and planned this study. METHODS This retrospective observational study was carried out in three tertiary care centres: Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, MKCG Medical college Berhampur and Jagannath Hospital, Bhubaneswar between July to September of year 2020. Study population include all children from 1 month to 15 years admitted to hospital with MISC according to WHO Diagnostic Criteria. All the data were analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS A total of 21 children were included in our study. Maximum number of cases were male (76.2%), predominate age group was 6 to 10 yrs (47.6%). Predominate symptoms /signs in our observation were fever, pain abdomen, seizure and hypotension. Most of these cases were positive for SARS CoV antibody (80.95%). Response to immunotherapy was dramatic. Mortality (9%) of our study is higher to 1.8 to 3% from western literature. None of our patient had coronary abnormality while 2 had mild cardiac dysfunction at discharge comparable to other studies. CONCLUSION MISC following exposure to COVID 19 infection in children is a clinical syndrome which needs early suspicion and appropriate intervention to prevent mortality.


PATHOLOGICAL REPORT BY DR. MTIDDLEMASS. The pathological appearances presented by the various organs in the above case, botlh to the naked eye and under the microscope, were very characteristic. Naturally, the morbid changes in the brain were those to wlhich most attention was paid, seeing that the nervous symptoms were so prominent and interesting. The existence of previous mental diseast, of course, makes it more difficult to decide wlhat the exact changes producesd by tle poison were. Unfortunately, we are not yet in a position to say exactly what morbid appearances aiecompany every form of mental disease; and that from wlich the patient suffered (sliglht melanclholia) is not one to whiclh a distinct p)athology can be attached. Nevertheless, it seems possible to differentiate the changes due to Itle phosplhorus from those already existent, and causing the mental disease. In addition to the brain most of the important organs were made the subject of examination, and the results are given. The skin and conjunctiva had a decidedly icteric tinge. In the various cavities of the abdomen, pleura, and pericardium there was a small quantity of slightly blood-stained fluid. In the cavities of the dura anid araclinoid there was about f ounce of clear fluid. On reflecting the dura mater there was discovered a recent liemorrliage from one of the pial vessels on thie left side. It was quite tlhin, forming a layer of less than ant eighith of an inch in thickness, and quite recent, situated towards tlhe vertex, anid extending from the top of the fissure of Rolando backwards nearly to the parieto-occipital fissure, and downwards to about an inclh above the fissure of Sylvius. It was sliglhtly adherent to the dura, and the greater part was lifted off along witlh the latter when it was reflected. It did not pass down the falx at all. There was another similar, but much smaller, liamorrhaoe about the size of a shilling over the middle of the occipital region. TIe sinuses of the dura mater contained large well formed post-mortem clots. The encephalon weiglhed 53f1 ounces, and the convolutions were niumerous and well formed. The pial veins were very considerably engorged. The pia was not at all adherent to the coirtex, anid was separated from it by fluid to a noticeable extent onily over the right superior parietal convolution, where there was some degree of local atrophy. There was no ipparent atrophy of the convolutions at any otlher part. On section of the brain, the grey matter was seen to possess a distinct rose pink colour, anid appeared very congested, rnany of the individual vessels being quite distinct to the naked eye. Its conisisteniee was firm and it was not apparently atrophied. The wlhite matter seenmed fairly healtlhy, except t,hat the puncta cruenta were more than usually prominent. The lateral ventricles were not dilated and the epenidyma was healthy, there being an absence of thickening and of granulationls. Like the grey matter of the cortex, the basal ganglia were of a rosy pink colour and conigested appearance, the vessels being prominent. In the cerebellum, pons, and medulla there was a similar condition of things. It was in the microscopic appearanice of fresh sections of the cortex that the Ilmost interesting changes were seen. Those stained with osmici acid and picrocarmine showed very distinctly the presenice of fatty particles in the walls of the larger capillaries. In onily one or two instances was this change seen in the smallest capillary loops which pass to the individual nerve cells. In the larger nerve cells there could also be made out many darkly-stained fatty granules, and -in some eases these were so nlumerous that the cell appeared like a black granular mass embedded in the neuroglia, withOut any definite structure. Where the fatty change had not been so pronounced the nucleus was well seen, and in nearly .41 of these several small, round, black points were visible, sh,owing thtat the fatty clhange had taken place in the nucleus jas well as the cell protoplasm. These appearances were corroborated in sections stained with aniline blue-black. In these the fatty particles in the nuclei appeared light, in contrast with the remaining darkly stained portions, and in the cell protoplasm the evidence of fatty degeneration could also be made out, though not so easily, as the fatty granules, sliglhtly tinged by the osmic acid used in fixing the sections, iyresented an appearance not differing greatly from the particles of pigment in the cell. The changes in the nerve cells were most pronounced in those of the fourth layer. This fatty change in the walls of the small vessels and in the nerve cells was almost certainly produced by the phosphorus which had been takeni, as the extent to which it liad occurred was quite exceptional, no other case that I hiave examined showing to the same marked (legree. It is, moreover, quite in accordance witlh wlhat one wouldl expect, after examining the clhanges produced by it in tlle liver and otlher organs. The power of phosphorus to produce fatty degeneration in nerve-cells has lately been denied,1 but this case seems conclusively to show that the nervous system does, not escape the action which we know is capable of being prodluced by that poison in other organs. There were also evidences of slight pigmentary degeneration of the nerve cells, an(d deposit of pigment in the perivascular spaces, as well as sliglit increase in the nuclei of the neuroglia. From what we know, htowever, it is more than probable that these changes were present before the phosphorus was taken, and were the patlhological correlatives of the mental disease from which the patient suffered. The right lung shlowed numerous small subpleural petechial hiamorrhages bletween. the iniddle aind lower lobes, while on the left these were absent. The luing tissue was slightly conigested anid the bronchi inflamed, otherwise they appeared normnal. Oni the heart there were a few subepicardial lhteimiorrhages at the apex of the left ventricle posteriorly, and also at the junctioIn of the auricles and ventricles. There were wellformed largepost-mortemn clots in all the cavities. The aortic vralve was slightly thickenied and incompetent. The muscle was pale anld soft, and had a greasy feeling. Under the microscope very well-marked fatty degeneration of the muscular fibres was seen to have occurred. The liver weighed ,52 ounces, and was of a very pale canary yellow colour, mottled witlh petechie oin the surface. On section there were also numerous small h-,emorrhages scattered all thlrough tlle liver tissue. Under the microscope these l1cwinorrhages were founid to be situated chiefly in the portal spaces and amongst the neighbouring liver cells. The liver cells were almiiost entirely replaced by fatty matter, anid th1 nuclei could be made out only wvith difficulty, in miiany cells nlot at all. A s2ection treated with ether showed very little of the cell protoplasm left. There was a conisiderable increase in the conniective tissue corpuscles in the portal spaces, evidenicing an inflaimmatory condition. The kidneys were slightly enlarged, anid appeared pale in colour. The vessels were somewhat conigested, anid the tubuiles evidently fatty. Unider the microscope t,his was seen to be the case, all the cells conitaining small fatty granules. The spleen weighed :. ounices, and was softish, and of a uniformly dark colouir oin section. No definite clilaiges beyond soine congestion could be made out. The stomach conitainied 16 ounces of dark browni fluid, wlhichl lhad no special odour. The mucous membrane was very pale, aind at the cardiac end there were a few submucous lha-nnorrhages. The cells of the peptic glands were fatty, and there were evidlences of an acute inilammatory process with rupture of some of the smaller blood vessels and escape of the corpuscles. There were inumerous subperitonleal petechi< scattered over the mesentery with fatty degeneration of the cells in the walls of the vessels. The pathlological interest of this case lies in the clhanges in the nerve cells of the cortex whieh have been described. The production of fatty degeneration in them shows that the tissues of the nervous system are not exempt from the powerful action in this direction which phosphorus possesses. The occurrence of the change in so many organs and tissues of the body would point to some fundamental alteration in the processes of metabolism which phosphorus has the power of bringing about. What this really consists in, however, we can as yet only conjecture.


While a given advance step of the catalyst as necessary, the non-conductive plating on Blood taker phase allows the adhesive strength is low to form a high-plated film by electroless plating. In the plating film 5 of metal ion (M Metal ions, the reducing takes a handsome e by the oxidation reaction of the reducing agent, and be deposited on the surface of the medium (2), the precipitation of metal (3) of it is attached to the surface of the medium (2). Precipitating metal (3), medium (2) to also hit the hearth curb casting (4) P, by being pressed against the surface of the road taker (4) is transferred to the surface of the hearth curb casting (4) is also the blood, the deposited metal ( 3) to go to the nucleus is formed in the plating film 5.


In January 1998, the Archusa Creek Dam in southeast Mississippi failed by breaching through its emergency spillway. At the time of its failure, the dam had a concrete ogee weir for a principal spillway and a vegetated earth emergency spillway. Fortunately, the dam is a low hazard structure, as there is little development downstream, and consequences of failure were mostly limited to the loss of a state-owned, recreational water park. The dam failed as a result of a 5-year storm event, triggered by intense rainfall of nearly 4.25 in. in just a few hours. Runoff generated by the storm caused a rapid rise in lake level to elevation above the flood pool, resulting in flow over the emergency spillway. A breach then formed through the emergency spillway due to progressive erosion and head-cutting caused by excessive water flow velocity, a well-known failure mechanism. This paper examines how the failure happened, including the aspects leading up to the breach. Hydrologic, hydraulic, and geotechnical aspects of the failure are discussed, including the dam's design and subsequent modifications, its problems leading to failure, the engineering solution used to repair the dam, and how this solution solves the problems that led to failure in the first place.


This document describes the structural criteria for the design of the replaceable graphite elements of the Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) core.


is concluded; and, second, a contract of employment (a temporary contract) between the independent contractor and the umbrella company is signed. The umbrella company is obliged to provide the employee with work. The latter has the competence, qualifi cation and autonomy to identify clients and negotiate the performance of work tasks with them. In Italy , no statutory defi nition of the term ' employer ' exists. More recently, the legislator has acknowledged some new forms of work. A so-called network contract was introduced that provides companies with a mechanism to bring about better cooperation. Specifi c rules apply to the secondment of workers linked to such network contracts. ' Joint employership ' of workers hired within the framework of provisions defi ned by the network contract is permitted among companies that are part of that network. Finally, ' joint hiring ' is admissible to a certain extent. In that case, employers are jointly and severally liable to fulfi l the requirements of all labour and social security provisions that apply to regular employment relationships. It seems that in most countries, persons who are not party to the employment contract but could be regarded as ' functional employers ' are hardly considered. In Austria , for instance, only the temporary work agency is seen as the employer. The user undertaking does, however, have certain employer-like statutory obligations. Nonetheless, the courts have not yet explored the modern notion of ' employer ' , especially when connected to new forms of employment.


The pyridylamination methodis useful for the structural analysis of sugar chains from small amountsof glycoproteins. About 60% of the sialyl linkage was, however hydrolyzed under the reaction conditions reported previously.1>2) The growing need for fluorescence labeling oi sialyl sugar chains prompted us to re-investigate the reaction conditions. Recently, we tried pyridylamination conditions under which sialic acid residues were not released, but the yield of pyridylamino (PA-) sugar chains was low.3 4) Here, an improved procedure for the pyridylamination of sialyl sugar chains is described. The yield of PA-sugar chains was almost quantitative, and desialyl-


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected adults. Calculating an individual's excess heart age, or the difference between their chronological ...


This study deals with an experimental simulation of the dynamic behaviour of a floating wind turbine under simultaneous wind and wave loads. For that purpose, we developed a new experimental device which allows wind generation on the ocean engineering wave basin of Ecole Centrale de Nantes. In a second phase, a scale model of a floating wind turbine was designed with a 1 :50 length scale, following methodology specific to this kind of study. This scale model has then been studied to obtain its dynamic behavior under wind and wave loads. Mots clefs : Eolienne flottante, Aerodynamique, Hydrodynamique


Using the research methods of literature review and field study,the present thesis sets to research on the transition of traditional sports in different historical periods in Chanhe Hui District,Luoyang since its establishment,so as to trace the reasons of the change and its future.The main conclusions are as follow:the transition of traditional sports can be explained by Malinowski's cultural functional theory and its change is determined by its social functions;the current functions of traditional sports in Chanhe Hui District include ethnic identity,ritualization of Islamism,stage performance,response to the correspondent policies as well as health and fitness.Suggestions:the establishment of traditional ethnic culture identity,the adaption of current policies,the modern publication of the traditional Hui sports,and the seeking of the economic approaches of traditional sports.


The meaning of such words as «innovation», «professional competence», «innovative», «competence of a teacher» were analyzed in the article. The author underlines the importance of studying such subject as. «Innovation in primary education» by future teachers of primary school for receiving professional competence in their work.


It has been brought to the attention of the Organizing Committee of the International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop that there is significant overlap between this abstract (abstract 46) presented at the XVI International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop: Basic Principles and Clinical Implications, which was published in a supplement of Antiviral Therapy, and another article published in AIDS [1]. The authors have been unable to explain the significant overlap and now wish to retract their abstract with their apologies. References


Objective To observe the effects of multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT)in corneal perforation. Methods Multilayer AMT was performed in 12 cases with corneal perforation.All the cases were followed up for 3-12 months.Results 10 of 12 cases of corneal perforation were cured The success rate was 83.33%.In 2 cases the graft melted Conclusions The transplantation of preserved multilayer amniotic membrane is a valuable method for the treatment of corneal perforation.


On the basis of introducing TRIZ methodology and KANO model,the integration model of them was established,and the workflow of the integration was given out.The relations of basic quality and anticipatory failure determination,performance quality and classic TRIZ tools,excitement quality and directed evolution,and the concrete method of the integration between three tools and three sorts of quality were discussed.


Factorial design and response surface techniques were used to design and optimize the process to increase the yield of trichodermin produced by the Trichoderma harzianum,an endophytic fungus isolated from Llex cornuta. Initially,Plackett-Burman design was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the six factors and three statistically significant parameters including glucose,fermentation time and inoculum size were selected. In the second phase of the optimization process,a response surface methodology was used to optimize the above critical factors,and to find out the optimal concentration levels and the relationships between these factors. By solving the model,the optimal batch fermentation conditions were determined. Under conditions of glucose,42.8 g/L; inoculum size,1.39 ml; fermentation time,102.88 h,the yield of trichodermin reached 147.44 mg in 1 L fermentation liquor. After five batches cultivation,the predicted values were verified by validation experiments.


Parliaments, the conventional wisdom suggests, tend to be dominated by the executive, with little ability to monitor the government's activities. Yet, the ability of legislators to question members of the executive is an important feature of many democratic legislatures. This paper provides an account of the procedures and practices of parliamentary questions across a variety of countries. The roles and functions of questions on the floor of the legislative chamber and in written form are explored. Parliamentary questions help elected politicians accomplish their representative roles while also providing the legislature with a tool to monitor and hold accountable the executive. Drawbacks to aspects of parliamentary questioning are discussed and measures to maximize the value of questions as a tool of open government are suggested.


We present a compilation of marine geophysical data (Seabeam bathymetry, sidescan sonar, seismic-reflection profiles) collected along the northern Caribbean plate boundary from the southern margin of Cuba to the northern margin of Hispaniola. We compare the structural observations with the seismicity to quantify the kinematic regime along the plate boundary. The marine data show a narrow zone of active deformation extending along a major left-lateral strike-slip fault, the Oriente fault. The most prominent structural feature is the Santiago deformed belt, a transpressive deformation area that extends along the southern Cuban margin and displays active folding and reverse faulting. Dextral offsets in the Oriente fault trace create tensional strain and local pull-apart basins. The earthquake distribution and source parameters are well correlated with the active tectonic structures. They show a combination of north-south compression and left-lateral shear starting at about 78°W long. and continuing all the way to the east along the southern Cuban margin. Our results indicate the existence of a small convergence component added to the mostly strike-slip displacement between the Caribbean and North America plates. This convergence component is responsible for large-scale transpressive structures such as the Santiago deformed belt and is compatible with local tensional structures due to the geometry of the main fault trace. On the basis of instrumental and historical seismicity records, we compute a seismic slip rate of 13–15 mm/yr along the northern Caribbean plate boundary. This result agrees well with the 12 ± 3 mm/yr NUVEL-1 estimate and could indicate that most of the stress along the plate boundary is released seismically. Calais, E., Perrot, J., and Mercier de Lépinay, B., 1998, Strike-slip tectonics and seismicity along the northern Caribbean pla te ou dary from Cuba to Hispaniola, in Dolan, J. F., and Mann, P., eds., Active Strike-Slip and Collisional Tectonics of the Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone: B oulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 326. 125 on January 14, 2010 specialpapers.gsapubs.org Downloaded from


The ZnII–tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) system has a large catalytic effect on the hydrolysis and aminolysis of the clavulanate ion, (Z)-(2R,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate. In order to ascertain the mechanism of this catalysis we have analysed the effects of other metal ions (CdII, CoII, CuII, NiII, and MnII), of amines structurally related to Tris, and of blocking the carboxylate group of the clavulanate ion. From these studies, we conclude that only the CdII-Tris and CoII-Tris systems have any substantial catalytic effect, although this is not as important as that of ZnII-Tris. Studies with methyl clavulanate indicate that co-ordination of the metal ion by the carboxylate group is necessary. We suggest that catalysis takes place via a ternary complex in which the metal ion plays a double role by (a) placing the clavulanate ion and the amino alcohol in the right position for the reaction and (b) lowering the pKa of the hydroxide group of Tris, which is co-ordinated with the metal ion generating a strong nucleophile.


Objective To study the digestive tract reconstruction in distal stomach instrument radical resection of the reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract most(Billroth II type) application.Methods 78 cases of distal gastric cancer patients with use GF-type 1 tubular stapling,XF-60 linear sutur and the pouch was rebuilding the digestive tract(Billroth II type) were retrospectively analysed.Results The 78 cases of distal gastric cancer patients are identical,was once the success,did not appear serious complications.Conclusion In the distal stomach most radical resection of the reconstruction process of the digestive tract,the reconstruction of the use of the equipment might be simple and easy for operation,technology and reliable and less complications,etc.


Background/Aims: It is well recognized that all aerobic cells have the protective mechanisms in order to minimize the tissue damage induced by various reactive oxygen species(ROS). Thioredoxin peroxidase(TPX) which has been recently identified and characterized functions to convert peroxide to water. The protein is also found in various subtypes(TPX-A & B, MER5, HS22 and HORF-06) and is known to be ubiquitous in most human cells. Especially, ischemic brain injuries, partial hepatectomy and radiation induced DNA damages. In treating lung cancer, radiation therapy has a major place in the local control and the relief of symptoms, but radiation induced free radical injury and resulting pulmonary fibrosis has been the major drawback of the therapy. However, little is known about the protective mechanisms and biologic modulations against radiation-induced tissue damages. Methods: Eighteen mice were divided into six groups, 3 in each group, and fifteen had received 900cGy of radiation. The mice were sacrificed according to the pre determined time schedule; immediate, 1, 2, 3 and 6 weeks after irradiation. Extracts were made from the lungs of each mice, Western blot analysis of various subtypes of TPX were done after SDS-P AGE. Examination of H & E stained slides from the same irradiated specimens and the control specimens were also performed. Results: No difference in the intensity of the immunoreactive bands in the irradiated lung samples of the mice compared to the unirradiated control was observed regardless of the time intervals, although H & E examination of the sample specimens demonstrated progressive fibrotic changes of the irradiated lung samples. Conclusion: In conclusion, according to our data, it is suggested that various thioredoxin peroxidase subtypes and catalase which are known to be increased in many repair processes may not be involved in the repair of the radiation injury to the lung and subsequent fibrosis.


When the service provided by monopoly e-business companies has direct network externality,whether it considers direct network externality or not is a problem to face on the process of searching for optimal pricing to maximize its profit.This paper analysed the monopoly e-business company pricing strategy by constructing a vertical difference mathematic model.It is shown that the network externality is not necessary to bring more profit for e-business companies in selecting the optimal pricing strategy.This depends on the strength of the network externality and the service quality/price ratio provided by platform.


A low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) is a next-generation energy conversion device and has advantages of high energy efficiency, fast start up and shut down and eco-friendliness. In addition, since it has the advantage of being able to use various fuels such as hydrogen, alcohol, and methane gas, research is being actively conducted in recent years. However, LT-SOFC using hydrogen as a fuel has difficulties in storing and transporting fuel, making it difficult to apply as a portable device. On the other hand, methanol fuel is an attractive alternative fuel because it is easier to transport and store than hydrogen fuel and has a high volumetric energy density. However, when methanol is applied to LT-SOFC, there is a disadvantage in performance due to the complicated oxidation process and CO poisoning. Complex methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and CO poisoning reduce the performance and durability of fuel cells. Therefore, it is important to use a catalyst that can prevent CO poisoning and improve the oxidation reaction of methanol. Pt is an effective catalyst for methanol decomposition and is one of the materials widely used in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). However, there is a problem in that it is vulnerable to CO generated during the methanol oxidation process. It is known that CO is adsorbed on the Pt surface, blocks the active site, and reduces catalytic activity. Therefore, alloying Pt with samaria-doped ceria (SDC) with high oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and good OH generation capacity can be effective to reduce CO poisoning and coking.
 In this study, we prepared the cells with Pt-SDC cermet anodes with the Pt volume percent of 69 (Pt 0.69), 83 (Pt 0.83), 92 (Pt 0.92), and 95 (Pt 0.95) volume% by varying Pt and SDC powers in the co-sputtering process. In the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ohmic resistance was similar between all samples; on the other hand, activation resistance was measured to be 24.0, 19.5, 31.8, 30.8, and 53.0 Ω∙cm2 at Pt 0.69, Pt 0.83, Pt 0.92, Pt 0.95, and Pt 1 samples, respectively, confirming the lowest activation resistance at Pt 0.83. We speculate that the MOR is improved by the increase of triple phase boundary (TPB) sites and the facilitation of bifunctional CO oxidation mechanisms with higher content of SDC up to 17 mol% (Pt 0.83). However, in the anode with excessive SDC content (31 mol%, Pt 0.69), the Pt is oxidized to form PtO2, lowering the catalytic activity.


Clustering methods of K-means and CLARANS were applied to analyze the spatial distribution features of the thermodynamic field that influenced Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) moving eastward out of the Tibetan Plateau from June to August in 1998,using data from the high resolution limited area analysis and forecasting system (HLAFS) provided by Chi- na National Meteorological Center;and the thermodynamic conditions favoring the trajectories and propagations of MCSs were obtained.The results indicate that the changes of the spatial dis- tribution features of temperature field,humidity field and water vapor flux divergence field are essential factors to predict the development and evolution of MCSs.


A new method to detect neutron radiation based on an electro-optic Pockels cell is reported. Collimated laser light passes through a radiation-sensitive electro-optic Pockels cell crystal sandwiched between crossed polarizers and onto a light sensitive photodiode. As radiation interacts in the crystal, free charge carriers are generated and perturb the electric field in the crystal, thereby altering the light polarization and causing a change in light intensity passing through the Pockels cell/polarizer system. The device can detect a neutron flux as low as a few neutrons cm−2 s−1 with an upper saturation limit exceeding 1010 neutrons cm−2 s−1. The unique electro-optic system separates the processing electronics from the detecting sensor, thereby allowing for operation in high neutron flux environments‥


Continuous ink jet printers, the flow of equally spaced ink droplets released toward the substrate, and selectively charging the individual ink drops, the charged ink drops on the substrate to the charged ink droplets are passed through an electric field by controlling the position, controls the position of the charged ink droplets on the printing object. The printer can be used to print either a single or a plurality of print lines in a single stroke. Stroke, in order to reduce the interaction of the ink droplets is composed of a single column from all rows can have ink droplets adjacent printed alternately line. Each print line in the stroke has N virtual print positions at least some of which are divided into pairs of adjacent positions. Each pair of adjacent positions, a first printing position and a second printing position. The printer includes a controller having a plurality of first reference table and a second lookup table, each of the reference table is associated with a different one of a pair of print position adjacent. Each Each lookup table, as each function of the charge of a predetermined number of ink droplets adjacent to the printing ink drops in the flow of ink droplets, the one printing ink droplets of the first print position or the second print position It corresponds to the charge to be applied to include a plurality of charge values. Adjacent ink droplets may include a predetermined number of history ink drops that precede the print ink droplets in the flow, and a predetermined number of future ink droplets subsequent to the printing ink drops in the flow. Controller determines the charge to be applied to the ink drops, searching charge value from the first lookup table when the (1) ink droplets in response thereto is printed by one of the first printing position either, or (2) ink droplets when printed with one of the second printing position by searching the charge value from the second lookup table, and generates a control signal. Charge tunnel receives a control signal from the control device, for charging the ink drops to the charge determined accordingly.


In order to transmit multimedia streams over the network with a timely changing channel bandwidth such as Internet, scalable video coding schemes have been studied to represent video in flexible bitstream. Much research has been made on how to represent encoded media(such as video) bitstream in scalable ways. In this paper, we propose an optimal selection of the objects for MPEG-4 bitstream adaptation to meet a given constraint. We adopt a multiple choice knapsack problem with multi-step selection for the MPEG-4 objects with different bit-rate scaJing levels in the MPEG-4 bitstream. The bitstream adaptation based on the optimal selection result is then to fetch the necessary parts of the MPEG-4 bitstream to constitute an adapted version of the original MPEG-4 binary resource. The experiment results show that the optimal selection of MPEG-4 objects for a given constraint can promisingly be made which meets the given constraint.


Onychomycosis is very hard to treat, and present therapeutic approaches include local treatment and oral antifungal treatment alone or in combination. Unfortunately, the treatment outcome is usually influenced by multiple factors. The prognosis of onychomycosis is mainly affected by local factors of nails, including clinical type of onychomycosis, growth rate and thickness of nail plate, involvement of nail matrix, coexistence of subungual dermatophytoma or streak-like lesions. Other prognostic factors include a history of prior nail infection, hereditary factors, choice of drugs, comorbidities such as diabetes or psoriasis, etc. Fully understanding of prognostic factors for onychomycosis can help clinicians to determine treatment protocols and length of follow-up, so as to improve recovery rate and life quality of patients with onychomycosis.

Key words:
Onychomycosis; Prognosis; Antifungal agents


Dolomite which is known by the local as 'batu reput', is a primary sediment mineral and abundantly found in Perlis. Perlis is one of the major producers of dolomite in Malaysia that contain large deposit of high-purity dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]. Pure samples of dolomite recently explored in the Koperasi Rimba Mas Padang Besar Quarry were investigated for their physical, chemical and mineralogical composition. The dolomite, was also thermally treated up to 800oC to decompose the carbonate bonding. SEM with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), XRF and XRD analysis method were applied in this study.


A survey of scenarios and forecasts for agrofuel land use, based on the land needed to meet mandatory blending requirements today and in the future, ecological targets and geopolitical needs. The paper also contains a scenario of how many vegans today´s arable and pasture lands can support.


In the early years, there were very few items of export. These were mainly raw jute, raw cotton, raw wool, hides and skins, and tea. For the first few years, 50 per cent more of the total exports was raw jute from former East Pakistan. Gradually, jute mills and cotton textile mills were established. Reliance on raw materials for exports was reduced, because a good part of it was consumed by the mills within the country. Gradually, ratio of finished products


The characterisation of iron ore from a materials handling point of view is paramount in order to provide the best possible design for the desired application and maximise equipment uptime at the lowest possible capital and operational expenditure. Problematic issues in materials handling applications often arise in the iron ore industry due to the high density of the ore as well as the abrasive nature of the product. One of the key issues encountered during the handling of iron ore is excessive wear due to either impact or sliding abrasion. The applications and equipment typically affected by accelerated wear issues are mass flow hoppers, transfer chutes and conveyor belts. These wear issues often result in unplanned down times and loss in production which can lead to a considerable loss in revenue. This paper provides an overview of the best practises in the materials handling characterisation of iron ore and discusses available techniques for the modelling of iron ore in applications where accelerated wear is experienced. The application is illustrated through a number of industry relevant case studies for which engineering design work was undertaken to successfully reduce the wear rates of different materials handling equipment.


The design, total chemical synthesis, and immunological properties of a four‐α‐helix bundle template‐assembled synthetic protein (TASP) mimicking some of the structural features of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I is described. In a first approach, the native sequence 58–74 of the α1 heavy chain domain of HLA‐A2 was modeled in order to increase helix stability and amphiphilicity of the 17‐mer peptide, preserving the residues for potential T‐cell receptor (TcR) binding properties. According to the TASP concept, these helical segments were covalently attached to a cyclic template molecule designed for the induction of a four‐helix‐bundle topology of the assembled peptide blocks.


In artificial structures, such as superlattices, arbitrary relationships between band-structure parameters can be achieved, enforcing the need for a reinvestigation of the interband transition of a crystal electron originally studied by Zener. We report the existence of nonexponential corrections to the Zener tunneling rate and demonstrate their importance in parameter regimes relevant for quantum-transport properties of superlattices, such as Bloch oscillations. Oscillations in the I-V characteristic of a superlattice are predicted with periods determined by the band-structure parameters.


Recent studies have reported that indoor house dust contains a large volume of SVOC chemical substances such as phthalates. This study measured the SVOC emission rate from various types of building materials and conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses on the emitted substances. DBP and DEHP were detected in all building materials based on the result obtained from measuring the building materials produced in Japan, South Korea, and China. The DBP and DEHP emission rates (95 percentile) from the building materials used for the measurement in this study were 2.56 [μg/m2・h] and 11.63[μg/m2・h] respectively. Larger DBP and DEHP emission rate from building materials are believed to be the reason why a high level of DBP and DEHP is detected in house dust found in residential homes compared to other substances.


I started this essay with the intention of crafting a new chapter, a 21st century update, to Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. What I soon found was that this task is fundamentally impossible. There can't be another Silent Spring because it isn't 1962 anymore. The context has changed. This train of thought brought me the realization that the environment of a writer is inherent in his work. There is no separating a piece of writing from its publication date. Over time, writing styles have changed, media have changed and public opinions have changed. So, written works not only offer us insight into the writers themselves, they offer a glimpse into the atmospheres and social conditions that these writers worked in.