This paper established the theoretical framework of life cycle assessment for the section of fiber preparation with end-based evaluation method, and the technology and equipment of the section of fiber preparation were considered as main research object. By using the theoretical system, an environmental impact model of the section of fiber preparation can be built, and then the parameter of main technology and key equipment can be optimized. to improve the evaluation system for wood-based panel production and thus guiding business investment, process improvement and equipment modification. Further more, it can be used to guide investment or upgrade technology and equipment.


Abstract: Security, Trust and Reliability are crucial issues in mobile 5G networks from both hardware and software perspectives. These issues are of significant importance when considering implementations over distributed environments, i.e., corporate Cloud environment over massively virtualized infrastructures as envisioned in the 5G service provision paradigm. The SANCUS1 solution intends providing a modular framework integrating different engines in order to enable next‐generation 5G system networks to perform automated and intelligent analysis of their firmware images at massive scale, as well as the validation of applications and services. SANCUS also proposes a proactive risk assessment of network applications and services by means of maximising the overall system resilience in terms of security, privacy and reliability. This paper presents an overview of the SANCUS architecture in its current release as well as the pilots use cases that will be demonstrated at the end of the project and used for validating the concepts.


Objective:To understand menopausal symptoms and health demand of female employee in enterprises of Huairou District,provide a basis for women and children health institutions to carry out health education about menopause.Methods:330 female employee in enterprises of Huairou District were selected randomly,then surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire,the analysis was performed on SPSS 10.0.Results:The main symptoms of menopause were decreased memory,hot flashes and night sweats,irritability and easily excited,menstrual disorders,anxiety and hesitation,palpitation and paranoia,and so on,about 20% of the women had obvious symptoms;the main accesses for menopausal women to get health knowledge were television,newspapers,magazines and health talks,which accounted for 63.5%,59.8% and 57.6%,respectively.78% of menopausal women had strong demand for health knowledge and were eager to get help and guaidence from medical personnel in health care institutions.Conclusion:Health knowledge of menopausal women should be improved,health care institutions should strengthen the health education for menopausal women to increase knowledge level and quality of life of menopausal women.


Rao et al. [5] introduced the notion of complex valued b-metric spaces which is more general than the well-known complex valued metric spaces. In this context, some common fixed point theorems for a pair of mapping satisfying certain rational contractions in the frame work of complex valued b- metric spaces are proved which generalize fixed point theorems due to Azam et al. [1], Rouzkard et al. [3], Mukheimer [2] and Nashine et al. [4]. To substantiate our results and to distinguish them from the existing ones, we furnish the paper with suitable examples.


Taking the 1∶50 000 regional geological surveying in Nawucuo area,Tibet,this paper discusses the integrated application of RS,GIS,and GPS technologies in determining the stratigraphic boundary in field geological surveying work,believing that when it is difficult to ascertain the stratigraphic boundary in fieldwork because of different appearances in stratigraphic boundary,RS image can be used to help.In some difficult situations three "S" technologies and other geology information may simultaneously be used to fix the stratigraphic boundary.


The thesis defines generalized linear models and decision trees. Both approaches are applied on real data in order to compare methods. Effectiveness is assessed using theoretically defined statistics such as lift and AUC. The best model resulted from using combination of logistic regression and decision trees, using WoE transformation. The thesis gives an example of created model being improved with use of expertly estimated parameter.


Chapter 1: Evolution of the timeshare industry Chapter 2: Timeshare resort development and financing Chapter 3: Real estate development Chapter 4 Consumers and consumer behaviour Chapter 5: Relationship marketing selling and beyond Chapter 6: Consumer finance Chapter 7: Human resource management in timeshare operations Chapter 8: Managing service quality in timeshare Chapter 9: Home owners associations and stakeholder management Chapter 10: Business ethics and ethical practice Chapter 11: The future of timeshare: a matter of strategy


This paper deals with the design of low-rate sparse-graph codes, having a linear minimum distance d_{min} in the blocklength n. Its main contributions are: a) a necessary condition on a general family of sparse-graph codes with linear d_{min}; b) a justification of having degree-1 bits in the low-rate code structure; c) a new, efficient ensemble of low-rate sparse-graph codes with bits of degree 1, designed so that the necessary condition (a) is satisfied.


Abstract This review considers the peculiarities of the generative nuclei (micronuclei) and the somatic nuclei (macronuclei) of the presumably primitive ciliates of the order Karyorelictida. Their nuclei display the tendency to form nuclear clusters. Whereas the karyorelictid micronuclei are of the type usual for other ciliates and divide by mitosis, the macronuclei never divide and belong to the vesicular type of nuclei, being rather poor in condensed chromatin, and near‐diploid as regards DNA content. The macronuclei also contain nucleoli and often nuclear bodies in the form of either spheres or crystalloids containing protein and sometimes RNA. The division of the ciliate is always accompanied by nuclear reorganization involving repeated mitoses of the micronuclei and differentiation of some excess ones into new macronuclei,the old ones being segregated without division. The development of the new macronuclei involves one round of DNA replication but no signs of further polytenization and/or polyploidi...


This review collects and summarises the biological applications of the element cobalt. Small amounts of the ferromagnetic metal can be found in rock, soil, plants and animals, but is mainly obtained as a by-product of nickel and copper mining, and is separated from the ores (mainly cobaltite, erythrite, glaucodot and skutterudite) using a variety of methods. Compounds of cobalt include several oxides, including: green cobalt(II) (CoO), blue cobalt(II,III) (Co3O4), and black cobalt(III) (Co2O3); four halides including pink cobalt(II) fluoride (CoF2), blue cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2), green cobalt(II) bromide (CoBr2), and blue-black cobalt(II) iodide (CoI2). The main application of cobalt is in its metal form in cobalt-based super alloys, though other uses include lithium cobalt oxide batteries, chemical reaction catalyst, pigments and colouring, and radioisotopes in medicine. It is known to mimic hypoxia on the cellular level by stabilizing the α subunit of hypoxia inducing factor (HIF), when chemically applied as cobalt chloride (CoCl2). This is seen in many biological research applications, where it has shown to promote angiogenesis, erythropoiesis and anaerobic metabolism through the transcriptional activation of genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO), contributing significantly to the pathophysiology of major categories of disease, such as myocardial, renal and cerebral ischaemia, high altitude related maladies and bone defects. As a necessary constituent for the formation of vitamin B12, it is essential to all animals, including humans, however excessive exposure can lead to tissue and cellular toxicity. Cobalt has been shown to provide promising potential in clinical applications, however further studies are necessary to clarify its role in hypoxia-responsive genes and the applications of cobalt-chloride treated tissues.


The authors show that if the convolution of n HNBUE distributions is exponential, then n-1 of the distributions are degenerate at zero and the other distribution is exponential. This result is also shown to hold for the wider HNBUE(3) class. The result extends similar results previously published for the IFRA and NBU cases. The authors conjecture that if a monotonic system formed with independent components has exponential life, it must be essentially a series system with exponential components. >


This article describes the uses of literature in The Labor Advocate: A Weekly Labor Reform Newspaper (Toronto, 1890-91). As editor of the Advocate, Thomas Phillips Thompson aimed to increase awareness of the means and consequences of industrial capitalism, and thus enhance the possibility of social justice for the working class. He did so in a mixed format periodical that included poetry, short fiction, and serialized novels as well as editorials, biographies, obituaries, reports, letters, and columns. Over forty-four issues, Thompson experimented with literary expression to attract readers and foster the democratic reform of social organization. Analysis of the Advocate points to the importance of communication strategies in both the early history of the Canadian labour press and the longer history of labour in transnational contexts.


Existing studies on data mining has largely focused on the design of measures and algorithms to identify outliers in large and high dimensional categorical and numeric databases. However, not much stress has been given on the interestingness of the reported outlier. One way to ascertain interestingness and usefulness of the reported outlier is by making use of domain knowledge. In this thesis, we present measures to discover outliers based on background knowledge, represented by a Bayesian network. Using causal relationships between attributes encoded in the Bayesian framework, we demonstrate that meaningful outliers, i.e., outliers which encode important or new information are those which violate causal relationships encoded in the model. Depending upon nature of data, several approaches are proposed to identify and explain anomalies using Bayesian knowledge.

Outliers are often identified as data points which are ``rare'', ''isolated'', or ''far away from their nearest neighbors''. We show that these characteristics may not be an accurate way of describing interesting outliers. Through a critical analysis on several existing outlier detection techniques, we show why there is a mismatch between outliers as entities described by these characteristics and ``real'' outliers as identified using Bayesian approach.

We show that the Bayesian approaches presented in this thesis has better accuracy in mining genuine outliers while, keeping a low false positive rate as compared to traditional outlier detection techniques.


Acne in adult women is defined as an acneic picture present in women from 25 years of age. It can onset in adolescence and continue into adulthood or appear in the latter phase. It has an impact on personal relationships and can lead to introspection and depression. It is predominantly characterized by inflammatory lesions located preferentially on the chin and neck. Its causes have not yet been fully elucidated. Its pathogenesis involves circulating androgens in combination with other factors such as heredity, stress, ultraviolet exposure, obesity, diet, smoking habits and the presence of associated endocrine disorders. Treatment includes the arsenal for treating acne vulgaris combined with other therapies.


SUBTITLE: THERE'S A PLAN, A SCHEDULE AND AN ARRAY OF NEW EQUIPMENT, BUT THE SHOPS MAY BE JAMMED, AND TECHNOLOGY ISSUES STILL LOOM.


Abstract 2281

Introduction. Imatinib is the standard of care for CML in early chronic phase. Until now, even in stable complete molecular response, discontinuation of imatinib is not recommended, and imatinib remains a life-saving drug to be taken chronically. Long term side effects, including the incidence of second malignancies, represent a potential relevant issue. Roy et al (Leukemia 2005) reported an unexpected incidence of second neoplasms in patients treated with imatinib after interferon (6/189 patients, 3.2%; urinary tract cancer: 4/6). In contrast, an analysis performed by Novartis Pharma (Pilot et al, Leukemia 2006) on 9518 patients treated with imatinib (including pre-treated patients) did not provided evidence for an increased overall incidence of second malignancies. According to epidemiologic data (Registro Tumori) in Italy, the annual incidence of neoplasms varies from 1%, in the range of age between 50 and 69 years, to 3% for patients over 70 years. AIM. To evaluate the incidence of second malignancies in CML patients treated with imatinib frontline. METHODS. Overall, 559 patients have been enrolled in 3 concurrent clinical studies of the GIMEMA CML Working Party: CML/021, Imatinib 800 mg in intermediate Sokal risk patients (Clin Trials Gov. [NCT00514488][1]); CML/022, Imatinib 400 mg vs 800 mg in high Sokal risk patients (Clin Trials Gov. [NCT00510926][2]); CML/023, observational, Imatinib 400 mg. We evaluated the incidence of II malignancy notified as severe adverse events reported by the GIMEMA clinical Centers. RESULTS. The median age at the diagnosis of CML was 52 (extr.18 – 84) years; 308 patients (55%) were ≥ 50 years. The median follow-up is currently 60 months. Eighteen patients (3.2%) developed a second malignancy at a median time of 20 months (extremes 2 – 52) from the start of imatinib therapy ([Table 1][3]); 4 of these malignancies (2 colon cancer and 2 NHL) were diagnosed within 6 months. All patients were older than 50 years (median 64, extremes 50 – 79) at the diagnosis of the second malignancy. Fifteen out of the 559 (2.7%) patients died due to second neoplasm progression. CONCLUSION. In this multicentre nation-wide experience of CML patients treated with imatinib frontline, the incidence of life-threatening or requiring hospitalization secondary neoplasms (severe adverse events), seems not to be superior to the observed incidence of neoplasm in the Italian national population. In particular, in contrast to what previously reported, no increased incidence of urinary tract cancer was observed.

View this table:

Table 1:
patients that developed II malignancy during imatinib treatment. CNS: Central nervous System; NHL: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma; MM: Multiple Myeloma

Disclosures: Gugliotta: Novartis: Honoraria. Castagnetti: Novartis: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria. Martinelli: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy. Pane: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Saglio: Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Baccarani: Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Wyeth: Consultancy, Research Funding. Rosti: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau.

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00514488&atom=%2Fbloodjournal%2F116%2F21%2F2281.atom
 [2]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00510926&atom=%2Fbloodjournal%2F116%2F21%2F2281.atom
 [3]: #T1


An association between teratogenesis and carcinogenesis is suggested by clinical and experimental observations. Accumulating evidence supports a role for direct, junction-mediated intercellular communication in the coordination of cell proliferation and differentiation. Interruption of this intercellular communication may be a common mechanism of teratogenesis and carcinogenesis. We are testing this hypothesis using hydra reag-gregation as a developmental model. Hydra reaggregates were exposed to structurally related phorbol compounds. Some of these compounds are tumor promoters, inhibit junctional communication and are embryotoxic to amphibian and mammalian systems. We found that the ability of these compounds to interrupt hydra reaggregation correlated with their ability to promote tumor formation in mouse skin and inhibit junctional communication in an in vitro cell system. The strong tumor promoters, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate, were much more potent (>100-fold) in their ability to disrupt hydra reaggregation compared to the weakly promoting compounds, phorbol-12, 13-diacetate and 4-0-methyl-TPA. This correlation supports the hypothesis that the phorbol compounds may induce tumor formation and abnormal development by similar mechanisms. We are currently exploring whether the phorbol compounds inhibit junctional communication in the actual reaggregating hydra, and whether the morphological characteristics of the junctions are altered.


This chapter discusses the report of the Television Committee. High-definition television had reached such a standard of development as to justify the first steps being taken towards the early establishment of a public television service of this type. In view of the close relationship between sound and television broadcasting, the Committee suggested that the authority which was responsible for the former (namely, the BBC) should also be entrusted with the latter.


The invention discloses a cleaning agent for a fuel oil system of an automotive engine. The cleaning agent is characterized by comprising the following components by weight percentage: 2 to 10 percentof 3-tertiary butyl-4-methoxy phenol and/or tertbutyl catechol, 2 to 10 percent of di-sebacic acid ester and/or 2,6-butylated hydroxytoluene, 5 to 15 percent of kerosene of which the distillation range is between 230 and 295 DEG C, 50 to 90 percent of polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide mono butyl ether, and 1 to 10 percent of quaternary alkylphosphonium salt. The cleaning agent has the obviouslyvisual advantages of eliminating pollution of the fuel oil system, reducing carbon deposit on an oil nozzle and the engine, improving difficult cold start and eliminating low-temperature idling vibration of the engine, lowering oil consumption, reducing tail gas emission, reducing noise of the engine, and improving power output and smooth operation of the engine.


The work demonstrates the benefits of using digital methods for the development and optimization of large assembly manufacturing networks. Although an aircraft assembly has been used for this work, the methods and advantages of digital manufacturing techniques, which are demonstrated here, are equally applicable to any large assembly process, such as those used in the automotive, railway, and shipbuilding industries. The introduction of manufacturability into the design arena using advanced computer aided methods means that manufacturing engineers can operate more directly in assembly planning and concurrent engineering design. Network analyses carried out on the final assembly operations for a regional jet fuselage section using a methodical, step by step approach, shows that the process efficiency for workers carrying out fitting operations can be more than doubled when compared to existing shop floor performance figures. The more efficient use of operator time results in a simulated 19% improvement in financial efficiency, as the actual working hours required for assembly are reduced to below budgeted levels. The simulation predicts that these results can be achieved with one final assembly station. With two stations currently in use for the fuselage section, this means that a significant financial saving is possible in tooling expenditure.


T HE American college is a hybrid. It is not a counterpart of the English college from which it received its name, and it is not like the French lycee or the German Gymnasium. Like the latter institution it is a preparatory school, and like the former it does university work. Yet, on the whole, it has served us well during the past three centuries of its history, especially as a preparatory school to the graduate courses in the learned professions. There are indications, however, that it is facing a crisis, a crisis which may materially modify its form and its function. Like many other institutions, its success has been its hazard. It has undoubtedly been overextended and must retrench; its popularity has attracted many unfitted to profit by its advantages, and it must circumscribe its clientele; it is meeting new elements in the educational world and must adapt itself to a new situation. One of the most serious problems which it is facing is its demand for students; its overextension requires more than the present can supply, and the outlook for the future is even less encouraging. The oversupply of colleges and the undersupply of students are apparent even now when students are most plentiful. Never before in the United States, and probably never again, will there be so many prospective students eighteen years of age as about the year I940. In that year there will be 2,S36,ooo persons at the average age of students entering college; in 1980 there will probably be fewer than two million. Look at the following table which shows the number of persons eighteen years of age, by decades, for


The issues related to designing of central repository of Forestry Data Warehouse are dealt and discussed in detail. The origin, compilation and escalation of forestry data at state level evolved over a time and observed period is large. In order to explore and analyze the forestry data set over a period, the proposed solution 'designing of data warehouse' will be followed by creation of software for "online analytical processing" (OLAP) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) for decision making.


Rapid inspection of large areas has been an ongoing challenge to the nondestructive testing (NDT) profession. The need for such a capability has grown significantly in recent years as a result of the increase in the numbers ofaging aircraft in service, and of aircraft with composite primary structures. While aging aircraft with metallic structures are most susceptible to corrosion and cracking near fastener areas, composites are susceptible to impact damage that can appear anywhere on the structure. Field inspection using manual scanning is labor intensive, time consuming, and subject to human error, whereas removal of parts from an aircraft for a lab test is costly and may be impractical. Effective field inspection requires a portable, user friendly system that can rapidly scan large areas of complex structures. In recent years, various portable inspection systems have emerged, including scanners that are placed at selected locations and sequentially repositioned to cover all the areas of interest. The development of such systems has followed the evolution of the relevant technology, and has required integration of multidisciplinary expertise including NDT, telerobotics, neural networks, automated control, embedded computing, and materials science. The trend has been towards full automation; the desideratum is for completely autonomous inspection capability. Recently, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has developed the multifunction automated crawling system (MACS), which offers an open-architecture robotic platform for NDT boards and sensors. This crawler established the foundations for the development of a walking computer platform with standard plugin NDT boards. This capability will allow a larger pool of companies and individuals to become potential producers of NDT instruments. Thus, a significant cost reduction can be realized with a rapid transition from novel concepts to practical use. The capability and potential of MACS as an enabling technology will be discussed in this paper.


Measuring multimedia exposure is challenging, since the impact of multimedia-content on a user is dependent on the user, the multimedia-content, the context, previous exposure, etc. We focus on measuring the impact of a commercial on a user's consumption behavior. We aim to understand the relation between a commercial and its effects on a consumer; whether watching a particular commercial affects an individual's consumption behavior regarding the advertised product. This paper covers a segment of the larger study which is building a model for measuring the multimedia exposure of the users caused by a commercial. The goal of this paper is to test the developed instrument via an online crowdsourcing study, and analyze the participation date and time, and the attentiveness of the users. The aim is to evaluate the applicability of crowdsourcing platforms as an alternative to testing real users in the laboratory. We evaluate the psychometric characteristics (validity and reliability) of the developed instrument. The reliability coefficient α shows good reliability and coefficient ω shows good saturation model.


The observation of lepton flavour violation (LFV) in the charged lepton sector would be an unambiguous sign of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), and thus, it is the channel of choice for many BSM searches. LFV searches in muon decays in particular benefit from the fact that muons can be easily produced at high rates. There is a global effort to search for LFV at high-intensity muon sources to which the upcoming Mu3e experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) will contribute. The Mu3e Collaboration aims to perform a background-free search for the LFV decay $\mu^+\to e^+e^-e^+$ with an unprecedented sensitivity in the order of $10^{-15}$ in the first phase of operation and $10^{-16}$ in the final phase - an improvement over the preceding SINDRUM experiment by four orders of magnitude. The high muon stopping rates and low momenta of the decay electrons make high demands on momentum and time resolution and on the data acquisition. The innovative experimental concept is based on a tracking detector built from novel ultra-thin silicon pixel sensors and scintillating fibres and tiles as well as online event reconstruction and filtering in real time.


The family is the basic building block of society, and the first social institution in which the child grows, the family environment is of particular importance in shaping children's behavior, in addition to the surrounding social environment affecting childhood, since violence is a prominent feature surrounding childhood, this study aims to shed light on the extent to which children are exposed to violence within the family, what are the images of this violence and its repercussions on childhood, and the extent to which this violence is related to some cultural and social variables. As the study sample consisted of (175) families in the city of Hilla (the center of Babil Governorate), the study found a high rate of violence against childhood due to the means and methods of socialization and the culture of society. Verbal violence is the most common type of violence against childhood, followed by physical, verbal and physical violence, neglect. With a decrease in the percentage of children whose personalities have been affected by violence. There is a significant relationship between the academic achievement of the father and mother, the economic level of the family, the number of family members, exposure to family problems and the degree of the child's exposure to violence.


An effective medium theory based on Marcus jump rate equation is formulated to describe nondispersive hopping polaron charge transport in a disordered organic material. The theory was found be in well agreement with relevant experiments and computer simulation data. It is shown that the Poole-Frenkel-type field dependence of mobility occurs when the energetic correlation effects have been taken into account. Our model suggests a possible test for distinguishing between polaron and polaron-free transport in disordered solids. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Catholics and Protestants have, since the earliest days of the Reformation, held markedly different views about the Virgin Mary. In Reforming Mary Beth Kreitzer examines the development of Lutheran views on this subject as expressed in 16th-century Lutheran published sermons, starting with the earliest of Luther's own Reformation sermons.


Abstract New exavations of the Mesolithic shell midden type locality, Ertebolle, Denmark have given access to well preserved cockle and foraminifera shells sampled 5700–5230 (± 95) years before present. Species and ecotype determinations of Cardium (Cerastoderma) edule (L.) and Cardium lamarcki (Reeve) revealed sea exp.sure and salinity conditions suggesting existence of a sheltered low salinity lagoon within range of the settlers during part of the period. This was further supported by the foraminifera species composition. An indication of the Littorina Sea temperature at the settlement was obtained from comparisons of midden material with present material concerning C. edules hell sizes and species specific growth rates for sympatric C. edule and C. lamarcki combined with the species composition of foraminifera. These studies do not support theories suggesting that the Littorina Sea temperature conditions differed substantially from those found in the area at present.


Using a first-principles-based multiscale computational approach involving density functional theory and the cluster expansion method, we produced the structural evolution for the perovskite BaxSr1–xSnO3 system in relation to its Ba:Sr composition from the formation energies of different alloy configurations and demonstrated their use as tunable alloy transparent conductors and photocatalysts via structural, electronic, and optical studies. The predicted phase diagram revealed the transformation of the structure of BaxSr1–xSnO3 from orthorhombic to tetragonal and finally to cubic with increasing x, forming disordered solid solutions for 0 < x < 1 that is entropically stabilized against phase segregation. This trend is similarly observed in the published experiments. A special quasirandom structure approach is used to model the disordered solid solutions of the BaxSr1–xSnO3 alloys. Structural analyses have indicated that the decrease in Ba:Sr ratio is associated with the decrease in unit cell volume, and a...


The article is devoted to the study of the functional-semantic category of beingness in the Yakut. The purpose of this article is to describe the structure of the category under consideration, identified on the Yakut material. The study is based on the functional-semantic approach, which allows us to display the holistic organization of universal semantic categories with specific content and means of expression. A brief description of the main directions of research into the category of beingness in linguistics, based on functional-semantic, linguopragmatic, syntactic approaches, is given. The structure of the functional- semantic category of beingness in Yakut is presented. The structure of the functional-semantic category of beingness in the Yakut language is presented. It was revealed that the functional-semantic field of beingness in Yakut has a polycentric structure, which is determined by the type of relationship of the semantics of beingness to the grammatical category (noun and verb) and the syntactic structure of the sentence (predicative and nominative constructions). From the position of the functional-semantic approach, the means of expressing the category of beingness in the Yakut can be combined into a functional-semantic field, consisting of two parts: the microfield of beingness, expressed by nominal means of denoting existence/non- existence, being/non-existence, presence/absence, and the microfield of beingness, represented by verbal means of denoting existence/non-existence, being/non-existence, presence/absence. The indicated parts of the functional-semantic field of beingness in the Yakut consist of multi-level means, dispersed according to the "center – periphery" principle. The article presen


The present study investigates the thermal mixing scenarios of steady magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection in a two-dimensional lid-driven trapezoidal cavity filled with Cu-water nanofluid. The top wall of the cavity slides with a uniform velocity from left to right direction, while the other walls are fixed. The bottom wall is kept with a constant higher temperature than the top one. The governing mass, momentum and energy equations are expressed in non-dimensional forms and Galerkin finite element method has been employed to solve these equations. Special attention is paid on investigating the onset of transition from laminar to chaos at pure mixed convection case. Hence, the computations are carried out for a wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 0.1 − 400) and Grashof numbers (Gr = 10−2 − 1.6 × 105) at unity Richardson number and fixed Hartmann number (Ha = 10). The variation of average Nusselt number of the bottom heated wall indicates the influence of governing parameters (Re and Gr) on heat t...


In this paper, the performance of type III hybrid ARQ with RCPC codes is considered. The combining of multiple retransmitted RCPC codes in type III hybrid ARQ scheme leads to the so-called composite code combining. A new concept, i.e. combined puncturing pattern, is proposed to illuminate its effect. Due to the composite combining, different code symbol may exhibit different effective SNR owing to the accumulative effect, which can be described by the combined puncturing pattern. The closed-form of the pairwise error probability (PEP) is derived for the combined RCPC codes. It is shown that the PEP is dependent on the sum of the symbols' SNR of the incorrect path. Accordingly, the upper and lower bounds, along with the approximation of the symbols' SNR, are proposed to evaluate the residual error rate of the combined RCPC codes in type III hybrid ARQ scheme. By using the state-diagram analysis, we obtain the bounds and approximations of the performance of type III hybrid ARQ with RCPC codes. Finally, the applicability of both the proposed bounds and the approximation are validated through numerical analysis and computer simulations.


The phosphorescence lifetimes of several aromatic hydrocarbons and their deuterated counterparts have been measured in plastic matrices as a function of temperature.The onset of a dark process at higher temperatures is generally observed and is believed to be a property associated with the aromatic molecule, rather than with some ``unknown'' quencher. Phonon involvement is suggested by the data.An apparatus for accurately measuring phosphorescence decay over seven half‐lives with minimal noise is also described.


Interferences from co-ions, i.e., ions with a charge sign opposite to that of the measured ion, limit the upper detection limit of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) based on electrically neutral or charged ionophores. A theoretical description based on phase boundary equilibria is used here to predict the co-ion interference (Donnan failure) of both types of ISEs quantitatively and to compare the extent of co-ion interference in these two cases. It is shown that, for practically relevant ionophore−site ratios, Donnan failure for ISEs based on electrically charged and neutral ionophore occurs at very similar co-ion concentrations if the charged and the neutral ionophores form complexes of equal stabilities and stoichiometries. With the exception of the selective complexation of the primary ion and charged ionophores, association of two or more ions such as between ionic sites and complexes has only a limited effect on co-ion interference. If relevant at all, ion pairing is predicted to affect upper detection...


This paper depicts how simple analytical tools of Geographic Information System (GIS) can be utilized to fortify the planning of social and institutional infrastructure. The study area selected was Nerul and Vashi nodes of Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The purpose of the study was to assess the current status of social and institutional infrastructure in terms of spatial distribution and to propose improvements to enhance the current status of social and institutional infrastructure by using GIS tools. The spatial distribution of the social and institutional facility was assessed to figure out the social level of the facilities. The improvement of the plan was proposed by recommending appropriate location for new social and institutional facilities. Analysis of facility provision (social and institutional infrastructure) is greatly useful for long term planning as they fortify the distribution and reservation of land for different uses including open space and facilities inside a planning region. This study is helpful in deciding the planning aspects and urban policy. In doing so it illustrates how GIS-based analytical tools can be effectively utilized in preparing more strategic spatial development planning of social and institutional infrastructure in the study area. KeywordsGeographic Information System (GIS), Institutional Infrastructure, Location Allocation model, Social Infrastructure, Urban Planning.


The assumption is made that photosynthesis evolved in prokaryotes and was acquired by symbiosis in all eukaryotes. By studies of comparative mitosis and genetic systems of "lower" eukaryotes (e.g., nucleate algae, protozoa, flagellated fungi and so forth) consistent phylogenies of these organisms may be constructed. It follows logically from these considerations that the traditional concept of "plant" and "animal" kingdoms are obsolete. An internally consistent modification of Whittakers five kingdoms (Monera, Protist, Fungi, Animal and Plant) is represented and defended on the basis of information from ultrastructure, comparative biochemistry and life cycles, molecular biology and other modern work. Higher taxa (Kingdoms, Phyla, Classes) for major groups based on the recognition of the prokaryotic-eukaryotic dichotomy is offered for critical evaluation.


It is realized that the control of cutting material of rubber tire is reformed to digital control with PLC . The two main problems in practice have been resolved effectually .


Collaborative robots are increasingly employed in industrial workplaces, assisting human operators in decreasing the weight and the repetitiveness of their activities. In this paper, we assume the presence of an operator cooperating with a lightweight robotic arm, able to autonomously navigate its workspace, while the human co-worker physically interacts with it leading and influencing the execution of the shared task. In this scenario, we propose a human-robot co-manipulation method in which the autonomy of the robot is regulated according to the operator intentions. Specifically, the operator contact forces are assessed with respect to the autonomous motion of the robot inferring how the human motion commands diverges from the autonomous ones. This information is exploited by the system to adjust its role in the shared task, leading or following the operator and to proactively assist him during the co-manipulation. The proposed approach has been demonstrated in an industrial use case consisting of a human operator that interacts with a Kuka LBR iiwa arm to perform a cooperative manipulation task. The collected results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


We used integral-field and long-slit spectroscopy to study a bright extended nebulosity recently discovered in the isolated lenticular galaxy NGC 4460 during an Hα survey of nearby galaxies. An analysis of archival Sloan Digital Sky Survey, GALEX and Hubble Space Telescope images indicates that current star formation is entirely concentrated in the central kiloparsec of the galaxy disc. The observed ionized gas parameters (morphology, kinematics and ionization state) can be explained by a gas outflow above the plane of the galaxy, caused by star formation in the circumnuclear region. Galactic wind parameters in NGC 4460 (outflow velocity, total kinetic energy) are several times smaller, compared with the known galactic wind in NGC 253, which is explained by the substantially lower total star formation rate. We discuss the cause of the star formation processes in NGC 4460 and in two other known isolated lenticular (S0) and elliptical (E) galaxies of the Local Volume: NGC 404 and 855. We provide evidence suggesting that the feeding of isolated galaxies by intergalactic gas on a cosmological time-scale is a steady process without significant variations.


The current study aimed to investigate the CO2 adsorption isotherms of activated carbon (AC), prepared from olive waste via chemical activation by H3PO4. The textural parameters, the microstructural and morphological characterization of the AC were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM and XRD. The AC presented the best textural properties with a BET surface area of 1565 m2 g−1 and a micropore volume of 0.649 cm3 g−1. The CO2 adsorption was measured with a volumetric method at three various temperatures: 298 K, 308 K and 318 K. Different models, such as the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were applied to model the CO2 adsorption. Based on the correlation coefficient (R2), the Langmuir model provided a the best fit with the experimental data. Different thermodynamic functions, such as Gibbs free energy and entropy, were calculated using Van Hoff's formulation. These thermodynamic parameters indicated that the CO2 adsorption is an exothermic and spontaneous process. The results obtained in this study can serve as a benchmark while designing an adsorption-based gas storage system. the Freundlich


Human face perception is an extensive research that mixed up in computer vision community. Human face localization and detection is frequently the action that is first applications such as for instance movie clip surveillance, individual computer screen, facerecognition and image database administration. Locating andmonitoring faces that are human being a prerequisite for face recognition and/or facial expressions analysis, though it is oftenthought that a face that is normalized is available. For detecting face there are various algorithms skin that is including based algorithms. Color is anfeature that is extremely important of faces. Using skin-color as afeature for monitoring a real face has advantages being a few. IndexTerms—Human Skin Modeling,Color Spaces, Skin Color Classification, Feature Extraction. INTRODUCTION "Biometrics encompass of technologies that prop automatic identification or verification of individuality established on behavioral or physical properties". Biometrics validates originality by computing exceptional individual characteristics. The most main spans of biometrics involve fingerprints, eyes and facial characteristics, hand geometry, retina, voice and touch. They have been consigned to infrequent use in films and in a little elevated protection power or martial equipment. Nowadays, Biometrics is rising it's requests in countless outlooks of area and confidential life. For example, In the computer industry the most standard confidential identification numbers (PIN) and passwords are being substituted by Biometrics. Even though these are yet the most public verification and identification methods. Figure 1Basic Image of Vision Detection Image Processing International Journal of Research in Science and Technology http://www.ijrst.com (IJRST) 2016, Vol. No. 6, Issue No. IV, Oct-Dec e-ISSN: 2249-0604, p-ISSN: 2454-180X 172 IRA PUBLICATIONS www.irapub.com SKIN DETECTION Skin detection [1] plays an vital act in a expansive scope of picture processing requests fluctuating from face detection, face pursuing, gesture scutiny, and content-based picture retrieval arrangements and to assorted human computer contact domains. Recently, skin detection methodologies established on skin-color data as a cue has obtained far attention as skin color provides computationally competent yet, robust data opposing rotations, scaling and partial occlusions. Skin color can additionally be utilized as complimentary data to supplementary features such as form and geometry and can be utilized to craft precise face detection systems. Skin color detection is frequently utilized as a preliminary pace in face credit, face pursuing and CBIR systems. Skin-color data can be believed a extremely competent instrument for identifying/ categorizing facial spans endowed that the underlying skin-color pixels can be embodied, modeled and categorized precisely. Figure 1 Denotes the Generic process of Skin detection Most continuing skin detection algorithms [2] work well in a normal nature, but are not reliable in the case of unpredictable and drastically changing real-world environments. Skin detection process The Skin detection process is broadly classified into six parts. They are, 1. Input image which is acquired from the digital camera. 2. Skin detection process using Color model. 3. Morphological operation such as erosion, dilation etc., 4. Mask Creation to create the binary mask 5. Image cropping is to crop the exact portion of a Skin and 6. The output image contains the part of a Skin region. Human Skin Detection Since skin detection is gave in the RGB color space [3], Skin Detection Laws are extremely far subject to the impact of illumination. A little color spaces have a property of separating the luminance constituent from chromatic constituent and alongside that at least partial autonomy of chromaticity and luminance is achieved. Such color spaces are for example YUV, RGB, HSI, TSL, etc. this implies the algorithms find skin color agents in the 2D chromatic space, whereas color is delineated by merely two dimensions and the third dimension is flouted. When the impact of non-standard illumination from pictures is removed, the sound affects the quality of reconstruction. The number of sound is increased in pictures alongside mild illumination, that way International Journal of Research in Science and Technology http://www.ijrst.com (IJRST) 2016, Vol. No. 6, Issue No. IV, Oct-Dec e-ISSN: 2249-0604, p-ISSN: 2454-180X 173 IRA PUBLICATIONS www.irapub.com that dark pictures encompass extra sound than pictures seized below brilliant illumination conditions. The number of sound affects the quality of reconstruction aftermath because loud colors are transformed to wrong colors. If in precise case a loud skin span is transformed in delineated style, it has an impact on the compactness of the reconstructed area. Hence the skin span segmentation gave by face detection algorithm can be critically harmed. The 2D skin color determination could diminish the impact of delineated kind of sound. Human Skin Color Models As delineated preceding colors frolic an vital act for object detection, pursuing and recognition. Disparate color spaces have been counseled for skin established face detection such as RGB, normalized RGB, HSV, and YCbCr. Usually HSV and YCbCr color spaces are helped to reclaim from the intensity variations. A little of the preceding works are encompassed like, RGB, HSV, YUV color spaces are utilized in the request of face credit and they become consequence as the complementary data and the accuracy of face credit is altered by the color space [3]. HSV Color Model: The setback of RGB does not furnish the correct data concerning skin color due to the setback of luminance effects. HSV provides color data as Hue, Saturation and intensity of the Value. Hue mentions to the color of red, blue and yellow and has the scope of 0 to 360. Saturation way purity of the color and seizes the worth from 0 to 100%. Worth mentions the brightness of the color and provides the achromatic believed of the color. From this color space, H and S will furnish the vital data concerning the skin color. The skin color pixel ought to gratify the pursuing condition. 0 <= H <= 0.25; 0.15 <= S <= 0.9 YCbCr Color Model: YPbPr and YCbCr are have the alike color constituents like Luminance, blue minus Luminance, red minus Luminance but the YPbPr is the analog edition whereas as YCbCr is the digital version. It has extra supremacy than the RGB & HSV ideal and extracts the skin serving of an picture employing chrominance values. The skin serving of an picture ought to gratify as follows 140 <= Cr <= 165; 140 <= Cb<= 195; Even nevertheless it is a best way, due to a little reasons it gives low accuracy. So we amass four benefits from the two color space as H, S, Cb, and Cr and whether these benefits are gratifies the above conditions next the skin color segment being removed from the image. Frank flow of Face Detection: BI-Gaussian Skin Detection Model The selection of a color ideal to embody human skin color is vital for face detection in a color image. The YCbCr color space is suitable for real period request and is utilized in countless picture and video standards. But in order to display the efficiency of the counseled way, the YCbCr space is utilized instead of normalized color spaces like r-g and NCb-NCr [3]. International Journal of Research in Science and Technology http://www.ijrst.com (IJRST) 2016, Vol. No. 6, Issue No. IV, Oct-Dec e-ISSN: 2249-0604, p-ISSN: 2454-180X 174 IRA PUBLICATIONS www.irapub.com The distribution of skin color can be represented by a Gaussian model G (m, C), with the mean where x = (Cb, Cr) T Cr is the chrominance vector, and the covariance Selecting training pixels from manually segmented skin spans can admission the earth truth skin ideal parameters. But the ideal parameters could vary for individually selecting training data. Below changing illumination, the color of skin pixels have additionally modified and distributed beyond of the skin color cluster according to the normal skin color ideal, and the standard skin detection algorithms can be precarious. If selecting different skin color pixels below those conditions into the training set after accessing the allocation ideal parameters, the skin ideal is trained and adapted to accord the skin pixels below those conditions as skin. But it will weaken the skin color clustering result in the chromatic space and make the presentation of skin detection algorithms inferior, because countless non-skin pixels are incorrectly categorized as skin pixels. Consequently, a powerfully clustering skin color ideal leads to an rising skin fake rejection and a cutting skin fake alarm. On the contrary, a weekly clustering skin color ideal leads to a cutting skin fake rejection and an rising skin fake alarm. That is to say, there are constraint relations amid the degree of skin color clustering and the presentation of the skin detection algorithm. A better clustering skin model can be evaluated as that having both smaller skin errors and meanwhile having a higher correct skin decision. Figure 2Bi-gaussian skin detection model (left) and its projection on chrominance plane (right) [3] Classifier Based Approachs A association algorithm for a human skin classifier that is able to efficiently categorize skin color tones in each given color space, skin color occupies a portion of such a space, that could be a compact or colossal span in the space. Such span is normally shouted the skin color cluster. A skin classifier is a one-class or two-class association problem. A given pixel is categorized and labeled whether it is a skin or a non-skin given a ideal of the skin color cluster in a given color space. In the context of skin association, real positives are skin pixels that the classifier accurately labels as skin. International Journal of Research in Science and Technology http://www.ijrst.com


Iron (Fe) and phosphate (P) are essential mineral nutrients for plant growth and development. 35 While it is known that Fe and P pathways interacts within plants however, our understanding 36 of the molecular mechanisms regulating nutrient interaction during plant vegetative and 37 reproductive stages remains largely unknown. Herein, we provide a comprehensive 38 physiological and molecular analysis of hexaploid wheat response to single P/Fe and 39 combined Fe and P deficiency. Our data showed that wheat primary root growth was 40 inhibited in response to –Fe, and remarkably rescued by co-occurring deficiencies of Fe and 41 P. Transcriptome analysis revealed drastic and distinct molecular rearrangements to adapt the 42 single and combined nutrient stress with dominance of Fe responsive cis-regulatory elements. 43 Gene-based clustering and root-specific transcriptome expression analysis identify several 44 important unique components induced in response to combined stress –Fe–P, including UDP- 45 glycosyltransferases and cytochrome-P450 and glutathione metabolism. These data are 46 consistent with our metabolome data, which further reveals specific metabolite accumulation 47 in –Fe–P those include amino-isobutyric acid, arabinonic acid and aconitic acid. Finally, at 48 reproductive stage alleviations of the negative effect of Fe was also observed in –Fe–P (i.e. 49 spikelet and grain development). Collectively, the data obtained is essential for designing 50 new strategies to improve resilience of crops to cope with the limited nutrients in soils. 51 52 53 54 55 Highlight: 56 59 Our our data


The concept of interaction of pile-soil in composite pile foundation works is introduced as well as applied design method.Optimum design methods are summarized.In addition combined with practical works the application situations of design method are discussed in order to provide theoretical references for requirements of engineering design.


The method of recombinant PCR was employed to obtain H310D mutation in 14alpha-demethylase in Candida albicans). The expression vector pYCYPS1M harboning the mutant CYP1M gene was constructed. The mutant CYPS1 was expressed in Sacchromyces cerevisiae induced by 2% galactose. At last the MICs of yeasts to Fluconazole were determined by broth microdilution testing. Expressed protein was 15% of the total microsome proteins. The MICs of yeasts expressed the mutant CYP51 were 4-fold as that of the yeasts expressed the wild CYP51. The increase of the MICs was due to the alteration H310D in CYP51. It could be concluded that the residue of H310 was important to the function of CYPS1.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool for non-invasive diagnosis of paediatric brain tumours. The rarity of the disease dictates multi-centre studies and imaging biomarkers that are robust to protocol variability. We investigated diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI), combined with machine learning, as an aid to diagnosis and evaluated the robustness of the imaging metrics.

 A multi-centre cohort of 52 clinical DT-MRI scans (20 medulloblastomas (MB), 21 pilocytic astrocytomas (PA), 11 ependymomas (EP)) were analysed retrospectively. Histograms for regions of solid tumour for fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), pure anisotropic diffusion (q) and pure isotropic diffusion (p) were compared to assess diagnostic capability. Linear discriminate analysis (LDA) was used for classification and validated using leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV).

 Histogram medians for FA, MD, q and p were all different between tumor groups (P<.0001, Kruskal Wallis test). Median MD, p and q values were highest in PA, then EP and lowest in MB (P<.0001, Pairwise Wilcox test). FA median was higher for EP than PA (P=.004) with no significant difference between EP and MB (P=.591). ROC analysis showed that median MD, q and p perform best as a diagnostic marker (AUC= 0.92 to 0.99). LOOCV showed an overall accuracy of the LDA classification, ranging between 67% - 87%. FA values were highly dependent on protocol parameters, whereas pure anisotropic diffusion, q, was not.

 DT-MRI metrics from multi-centre acquisitions can classify paediatric brain tumours. FA is the least robust metric to protocol variability and q provides the most robust quantification of anisotropic behaviour.


In this paper we study the performance of compressed data for classification and anomaly detection. We use networks of various complexities for our purpose, guided by the data itself rather than one uniform-complexity network for the entire data set.


There is really no debate about the superior comparative efficiency of ships with respect to fuel consumption when calculated per deadweight tonne along routes of similar length. However, the emission figures calculated per deadweight tonne is only relevant for bulk transports, and fuel consumption per cargo tonne is quite different for typical short sea shipping services based on container or RoRo technologies. Further, other emissions to air, like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particles, are typically very high for shipping – especially when no abatement technologies are applied.


The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive urges member states to establish and implement coordinated monitoring programmes for the assessment of the environmental status of their marine waters. These monitoring programmes need to be rooted in the currently best knowledge on our marine areas. The Belgian part of the North Sea (BPNS) is one of the best documented of such marine areas. Many maps exist on the physico-chemical properties of sediment and water, the biodiversity of their inhabiting biological communities and the variety of users of the sea and its sediments.


An attempt to transport TEX82 and to implement a typesetting program which realizes the output of the former at Hokkaido University Computing Center is described. The target operating environment and the environment required for running the TEX82 program are compared. The transporting procedure and the requirements for compiling and running the TEX82 program are described, along with the problems that they caused. The measures taken to adapt TEX82 to the target operating environment are explained, where considerations of how the system‐dependent parts are designed in accordance with the conventions of the target environment are illustrated in detail.


Recent developments of X-ray crystallography using synchrotron X-rays have made it an improved analytical approach compared with the previously used temporally and spatially averaged observations in an analyte crystal. The short-pulse character of synchrotron X-rays enables conduction of a time-resolved X-ray experiment to observe the temporal three-dimensional dynamics in a crystal. This experimental technique is useful for studies regarding photo-induced phenomena. Additionally, high intensity X-rays from a synchrotron source are effective for investigating thermal dynamics of molecules in a crystal with atomic resolution. In both cases, the dynamic nature of the molecule and molecular aggregation in a crystal are deeply involved in its function as a material. Molecular dynamics of a crystal lead to a change of the physical properties of the crystalline phase. Examples for three-dimensional observations of molecular dynamics with atomic resolution using synchrotron X-ray are summarized.


RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE
Alport syndrome (AS) is a common genetic kidney disease accounting for approximately 2% of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT). It is caused by pathogenic variants in COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5 genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and genetic spectrum of patients with autosomal dominant Alport syndrome (ADAS).

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
82 families (252 patients) with ADAS were studied. Clinical, genetic, laboratory, and pathology data were collected.

OBSERVATIONS
A pathogenic DNA variant in COL4A3 was identified in 107 patients (35 families) while 133 harbored a pathogenic variant in COL4A4 (43 families). Digenic/complex inheritance was observed in 12 patients. Overall, the median kidney survival was 67 years (95% CI, 58-73), without significant differences across sex (P=0.79), causative genes (P=0.55) or types of variant (P=0.99). Microhematuria was the most common kidney manifestation (92.1%) and extrarenal features were rare. Findings on kidney biopsies ranged from normal to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The slope of eGFR decline was -1.46 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (-1.66 to -1.26) for the overall group, with no significant differences between ADAS genes (P=0.24).

LIMITATIONS
The relatively small size of this series from a single country, potentially limiting generalizability.

CONCLUSIONS
ADAS patients have a wide spectrum clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to kidney failure, a pattern not clearly related to the causative gene or type of variant. The diversity of ADAS phenotypes contributes to its underdiagnosis in clinical practice.


Objective Study the detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV)DNA in patients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods Genital specimens from 156 patients with NGU and 60 normal subjects as controls were processed for the detection of HSV by PCR.Results Among 156 patients with NGU,the general positive rate of HSV was 21.79%,the positive rate in control group was 5.00%,The rate of positive detection of HSV of the NGU patients was higher than that of the control group.Conclusion The simple and rapid PCR assay is specific and sensitive for HSV detection.HSV is a significant etiological agent in NGU.the detection of HSV is necessary for patients with clinical symptoms of NGU.


Hydraulic impact exists in each pipe of the hydraulic press.According to respective features of AMESim and Simulink,simulation model based on AMESim and controlling model based on Simulink were established.Co-simulation was realized by Co-Simulation interface.The progress of the velocity of moving beam firstly increasing and then decreasing during the cam angle increasing was analyzed.In addition,the hydraulic impact in the situation of descending stroke changing to lifting stroke was analyzed.Results shows that: in order to decrease the hydraulic impact of descending stroke changing to lifting stroke,to control cam angle less than the angle which makes the greatest velocity of moving beam is a good method,moreover,hydraulic impact weakens when the velocity of moving beam decreases.


The new all-aluminum alloy conductors gradually replace the steel core conductors and develop rapidly and are widely used around the world in aerospace, construction, automobile, and civil industries. The main production of aluminum alloy conductors is elaborated, pure aluminum series, Al–Mg–Si series, Al–Fe series, and Al–Zr–RE (rare earth) series. Some traditional processing methods and novel materials forming technologies are necessary processes for aluminum alloy conductors to improve their mechanical properties and conductivity, such as alloying elements additions, severe deformation, heat treatments, selective laser melting, and Al-based composites. Clarifying the relationship between different series aluminum alloy conductors' morphologies and related properties is helpful to solve the bottleneck problems of key common technologies in the power transmission industry such as material research, structure design, and production technology. Graphical abstract


It is not easy to tokenize agglutinative languages like Japanese and Chinese into words. Many IR systems start with a dictionary-based morphology program like ChaSen [4]. Unfortunately, dictionaries cannot cover all possible words; unknown words such as proper nouns are important for IR. This paper proposes a statistical dictionary-free method for selecting index strings based on recent work on adaptive language modeling.


Numerical simulation of anechoic chambers is an important topic nowadays, since it can provide useful data about the performance of an electromagnetic compatibility site. However, the mathematical nature of the problem, the physical dimensions of the simulated sites, and the frequency ranges pose nontrivial challenges to the numerical simulation. Computational requirements, in particular, will quickly become unmanageable if adequate techniques are not employed. In this paper, we describe a novel approach, based on equivalent elements, that enables the simulation of large chambers with modest computational resources. The method is then validated against 558 real measurement results.


The paper deals with an electronic interface built on Arduino electronics. The interface allows controlling several pneumatic grippers using a PC. The grippers are connected to the PC using the mentioned interface which is connected to PC through USB port. The authors are continuing a work developed since 2005 when a LPT electronic interface was developed.


This report presents a discussion of the Rohrbach type of giant airplane. The problems considered are structural drag, wing loading and divided power plants.


More then 120 species of higher fungi were collected in Mt. Muhack areas during the period from May, 1985 to September, 1986. These higher fungi were identified. As a result of identification, Hygrocybe ovina(Fr.) Kuhn., lnocybe albodisca Peck., I. calospora Que'I., and I. kobayasii Hongo were new to be Korea.


Attempting to validate our report of a spontaneous polarization in range of 150 μ C/cm 2 in BiFeO 3 (BFO) films, which is the largest measured to date in any ferroelectric material, we have performed first-principles calculations on BFO structures with rhombohedral and tetragonal symmetry. We have shown that the optimal tetragonal structure of BFO has a giant tetragonality ratio of 1.26 and can be obtained experimentally in BFO films deposited on La-doped SrTiO 3 substrates. The spontaneous polarization calculated ab initio for this structure is 143.5 μ C/cm 2 , matching well the experimental result and suggesting that such giant values should no longer be considered surprising for BFO.


In shared human-robot environments, control systems operate based on the information about both human and robot activities to facilitate the successful collaboration between the two. This paper contributes to the emerging field of human-robot collaboration (HRC) by unifying human action recognition (HAR) and high-level robot control technique into single control system. Approach in this paper includes artificial neural network based classifier for recognition of human activity and task-based control as an example of high-level control technique. Classifier is developed based on the data from wearable sensors attached on the human arms. Recognized human activity is used as the input for the selection of functions that describe robot's activity (task). This papers combines both the theoretical approach to the task-based control and it's synergy with HAR while the developed artificial neural network classifier is experimentally validated.


The invention discloses an electric sweeper with a self-discharging garbage collecting box having a suction function. A portable electric tricycle serves as a carrier, clean energy is adopted, and the electric sweeper is energy-saving and environment-friendly; a sweeping mode of combining a horn-shaped brush and a rolling brush is adopted, and a sweeping effect is excellent; the garbage collecting box is of a self-discharging structure and is provided with an automatic opening-closing type tail gate, so that the working efficiency is high, and the labor intensity of staff can be greatly alleviated; compared with the prior art in which a relative negative pressure extraction effect is formed in the garbage collecting box due to cyclone formed in a closed rolling brush cabin, the garbage collecting box has the suction function, and is capable of sucking large garbage, small garbage and dust, low in energy consumption and good in sweeping effect. The electric sweeper is particularly applied to road sweeping of workshops, house sectors, residential quarters, institutions, schools, scenic regions and storerooms.


Within the last three years there were observed 2 men, each of whom had an extramedullary tumor protruding through the foramen magnum and definite unilateral astereognosis. The tumor in 1 case was verified by postmortem examination and in the other by operation. In both instances a diagnosis of lesion of the parietal lobe, contralateral to the astereognostic hand, had originally been made by those in charge. The first man had been under observation in the neurologic services of two hospitals for three months, until his death, while the other was studied in a neurosurgical service for one week before the first exploratory cerebral craniotomy, at which nothing abnormal was observed. By astereognosis I mean loss of ability to recognize by palpation the form of an object, despite the relative intactness of motor power and the primary sensory qualities of touch, temperature and pain. The person with astereognosis is unable to


ABSTRACT To the Editor: —In The Journal, April 18, Howitt, Shaw, Thelander and Limper in their article on the immunization of goats and sheep to poliomyelitis virus make the following statement in the opening paragraph: "In 1917 Neustaedter and Banzhaf inoculated a horse with the trypsinized virus. The results, however, were unsatisfactory. They later repeated the inoculations but gave large doses of brain and cord suspensions subcutaneously instead of the previous material. The serum obtained neutralized the virus in several trial tests but gave only doubtful results when tried therapeutically in human cases of poliomyelitis."I must object to the statement as inaccurate.1. Our report in that article shows that the serum after the trypsinized material protected monkey 3 in vivo completely while its control died. Furthermore, monkey 4 was injected intracerebrally with a mixture of this serum with a potent virus in the proportion of 1 virus and 2


Abstract This study aims to describe themes and topics, implicatures, and language aspects in humor discourse in memes in online media. The study employed the descriptive research design. The data sources were 70 memes in four sites of online meme media, i.e. www. memecomicindo.com,www.indomeme.com, www.memecomic.id, and www.1cak.com. The results of the study are as follows. First, there are four meme themes in online media; they are social, political, legal, and religious themes. Second, there are three implicatures in memes in online media, namely insinuation, suggestion, and the combination of insinuation and suggestion. Third, there are two language aspects that support implicatures and result in humor in memes, namely the phonological and semantic aspects. The phonological aspect includes the repetition of sounds which in literature is often called a rhyme. The semantic aspect comprises the repetition of words and the use of similes, metaphors, hyperboles, personifications, syllogisms, abbreviations, and proverbs. Keywords: themes, topics, implicatures, language aspects, memes


Different kinds of arguments typically include claims, warrants, and evidence. However, the very nature of claims, warrants, and evidence are discipline specific. A student's essay, for example, may exhibit features of argumentation while revealing fundamental flaws in historical thinking. Stronger historical arguments exhibit historical thinking in their construction of claims and in their selection, integration, and explanation of evidence. Historical arguments begin with questions and sources and require an understanding of the original meanings of those sources, rather than using sources to support a predetermined point. I share data from different research projects with adolescents and historians to illustrate key aspects of historical argumentation such as noting author credibility or situating evidence in its historical context. Then, I show how teachers have supported students' growth in making historical arguments and why such efforts matter.


An online fault-tolerant strategy is proposed; it is composed of two phases: testing and locating faults, and reconfiguration. In the first phase, an online testing technique is used, which is a compromise between the commonly used techniques of time and space redundancy. It is capable of detecting permanent as well as transient faults. The reconfiguration phase is realized by using a global control. Switches are used to bypass the faulty processing element (PE). Backtracking is introduced into the algorithm for maximizing the processor utilization, at the same time keeping the complexity of the interconnection circuitry as simple as possible.<<ETX>>


The invention relates to a self-controlled type traffic light control system, which comprises a central control unit which is used to control switching actions of traffic lights, wherein the central control unit is provided with a parameter setting and inputting device, a forced switch device and a multistage induction coil detecting device, wherein the multistage induction coil detecting device is mainly composed of a plurality of induction coils which are distributed underground along the extending direction of a road, wherein certain distance is left between the induction coils, a signal output line of each induction coil is switched into the central control unit through a corresponding interface circuit, a vehicle detecting signal is sent to a central processing unit, the central processing unit is used to analyze and operate the vehicle detecting signal, and the vehicle releasing time on different directions and the releasing order on each direction can be automatically adjusted according to the difference of the static vehicle queuing length of each road. The control system can automatically adjust a traffic light control parameter according to traffic flow changes on different directions to improve the traffic efficiency of intersections and to realize the optimum control to the intersection traffic.


Objective:To study the imaging findings of cochlea and cochlear nerve foramen in patients with cochlear anomalies.Methods:The raw data of high resolution CT(HRCT)images of 52 cases with cochlear anomalies diagnosed by radiologists and otologists were collected.The characteristics of various cochlear anomalies on multi-planar reformation (MPR)images were studied,the cochlear nerve foramina of internal canal were displayed with CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE)technique.Results:Of the 52 patients,absence of cochlea was assessed in 3 cases,cochlear hypoplasia in 2 cases,in complete partition typeⅠin 7 cases,typeⅡin 20 cases,common cavity anomaly in4 cases .hyI)oplasia of cochlear nerve fora men in 10 cases,absence of cochlear modiolus in 6 cases.Conclusion:The direct and stereopsis characteristics of various bony cochlear anomalies could be shown on HRCT and CTVE images,which was an effective eomplement for 2D CT.


Today e-governance has become an integrated part of democracy countries. Also, the importance of computerization and e-governance in introducing transparency and accountability in the functioning of governments is obvious. There are many stumbling blocks like poverty, illiteracy, poor IT infrastructure, lack of awareness, and political as well as psychological problems in the growth of e-governance in India. Legal system is still very archaic for the growth of e-governance. Low emphasis on process re-engineering, poor management of knowledge and human resources, lack of coherent government policies, government unwilling to commit funding, corruption, inefficiency, and incompetence present in public services and welfare/ development projects, lack of co-ordination between different service agencies are also recognized as major challenges for implementing an effective egovernance. Unless all these issues and problems are dealt with e-governance can't really take-off in India. The present study is immensely useful to general public and Government. The study will assist general public to understand the type of E Services offered by the Government of Tamilnadu and to understand the level of utilization of E Services and problems faced by them on using E Services, thereby Government could take suitable steps to contain the problems faced by general public and to assist general public to avail necessary services from Government without corruption. Further, the study also offer suitable suggestions to Government for successful implementation of E Governance practices in Coimbatore and to offer quick services to the public at their door step and to make Coimbatore as Corruption free.


The eigenvalues and Jordan canonical forms of matrix pair Aand Bwhose product is equal to a linear combination(that is,aA+bB=AB)are discussed.Then,the general formulas for the represented polynomial pair(that is,B=u(A),A=v(B))are obtained from the minimal polynomials of Aand B,and the uniqueness of the represented polynomial with the lowest degree is proved as well.Meanwhile,the mutual relationship between the minimal polynomials of the matrix pair whose product is equal to a linear combination is also given,without finding the represented polynomials with lowest degree by the eigenvalues and Jordan canonical forms.


Geneticists have been using model organisms ranging from the house mouse to the single-cell bakers' yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to study basic biological processes that regulate human development and physiology, and that can be compromised in various diseases. This has been possible because many of the genes that control these processes in humans are also present with similar functions in those other species; and because genes in model organisms can be mutated and deleted in the laboratory at will. Thus far, however, even in easy-to-manipulate yeast, genes had to be deleted one-gene at a time, often with additional undesired sequence modifications left behind in their genome.


We propose a method for generating robot motions by integrating multiple policies effective for task achievement. The method obtains a new policy efficiently based on the applied policies. However, there might be some states in which the applied policies fail to achieve the task. The failing states are found by means of a decrease in the state values. The policies for the states are then modified. In this paper, we applied this method to clutch assembly in order to demonstrate its validity for assembly tasks. We integrated insertion motion and search motion for the task and finally obtained the effective motion that accords to the task states.


The American nontoxic lubricant additive k-lube practically does not make foam clay solutions and does not influence their basic properties, thus effectively reduces stickiness, clay rind already at concentration 0.5-1.0%.
The reagent k-lube is compatible with flotoreagent-oxal, and at this ratio of foreign and domestic lubricant additives 1:1 a level of foaming in the field of its small (up to 1%) concentration


Despite early reperfusion, patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may present large myocardial necrosis and significant impairment of ventricular function. This study aimed to evaluate the role of subtypes of B lymphocytes and related cytokines in the infarcted mass and left ventricular ejection fraction obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed after 30 days of STEMI. This prospective study included 120 subjects with STEMI submitted to pharmacoinvasive strategy. Blood samples were collected in subjects in the first (D1) and 30th (D30) days post STEMI. The amount of CD11b+ B1 lymphocytes (cels/mL) at D1 were related to the infarcted mass (rho=0.43; p=0.033), measured by cardiac MRI at D30. These B1 cells were associated with CD4+ T lymphocytes at D1 and D30, while B2 classic lymphocytes at day 30 were related to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Higher titers of circulating IL-4 and IL-10 were observed at D30 vs D1 (p=0.013 and p<0.001, respectively). Titers of IL 6 at D1 were associated with infarcted mass (rho =0.41, p<0.001) and inversely related to LVEF (rho = -0.38, p<0.001). After multiple linear regression analysis, high-sensitivity troponin T and IL-6 collected at day 1 were independent predictors of infarcted mass and, at day 30, only HDL-C. Regarding LVEF, high-sensitivity troponin T and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were independent predictors at day 1, and B2 classic lymphocytes, at day 30. In subjects with STEMI, despite early reperfusion, the amount of infarcted mass and ventricular performance were related to inflammatory responses triggered by circulating B lymphocytes.


Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate and describe qualified nurses' worries related to handling chemotherapeutic drugs, further is the aim to explore if the nurses comply with the guideline ...


In the compilation of History of the Former Han Dynasty,Ban Gu inherited and developed the method of the self-annotation in History of the former Han Dynasty with the form of self-annotation expounding the body part of his book for the full expression of his ideas.Focused on the different historical stories,memorial to the throne,and the self-annotations in the biographies,this paper attempts to make a rudimentary exploration on the content,form,and historic influence of History of the Former Han Dynasty.


The recent decision of the Supreme Court in the Hoffman case must cause concern to anyone interested in the development of international law. Despite, and perhaps because of, the continuous stream of criticism of international law as a body of legal principles, no one who gives any thought to the future of international relations can fail to be concerned with the development of that law. Almost every basic declaration by statesmen refers to the necessity of the rule of law. One of the principal criticisms of the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals was their failure to lay sufficient stress upon justice and law as principles upon which the new international organization would base its efforts for the promotion of world peace. These criticisms led to the insertion in the Charter of the United Nations of several important references to law and to justice. The Hoffman case is one in a long series of decisions of the highest courts of very many countries of the world relative to the immunities of foreign sovereigns and their property. Largely through the normal developmental process of national court decisions, an extensive body of international law has been developed on this subject.* Yet one reading the opinion of Chief Justice Stone in the Hoffman case might well assume that this is a subject with regard to which no body of law exists, a subject governed entirely by political considerations. According to the Chief Justice, " I t is therefore not for the courts to deny an immunity which our Government has seen fit to allow, or to allow an immunity on new grounds which the Government has not seen -fit to recognize." It might be argued that the only question involved is one of the distribution of functions under our constitutional system between the executive and judicial branches of the government. It is familiar doctrine in the courts of the United States and in the courts of other countries that certain questions which may be raised before courts are "political," and that with regard to them the courts will merely follow the views of the political or executive branch of the government. In determining whether a particular group exercising governmental functions in a foreign country is or is not "the Government" of that country, or whether a particular individual represents in a diplomatic or other capacity the Government of a foreign country, the courts have customarily and properly turned to the executive for information. This is too familiar a proposition to require citation of


-Surface roughness is considered as one of the most important parameters in the industrial field. In the present study, a model has been developed using the artificial neural network to predict surface roughness for turning of 5052 Aluminium alloy matrix reinforced with 15% Silicon Carbide (SiC). Different values of cutting speed and feed rate have been considered as input variables under both dry and wet condition to obtain the desired surface roughness as output. Lowest MSE (0.0052) has been found under wet condition while using 19 neurons and log-sigmoid transfer function in the hidden layer. A feed forward multi-layer neural network having 2-19-1 structure has been selected as the optimum network. The correlation coefficient, R=0.997 proves the ability of the model to predict accurately. The impact of input variables (cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting condition) on surface roughness is analyzed by graphical representation. Finally, the model can be used to predict surface roughness in different cutting condition and will help to find out the behavior of surface roughness under various cutting variables.


Abstract This study uses eye-tracking metrics to quantify the visual attention given to differentiation attributes in specialty coffees. Two Discrete Choice-type experiments were developed using the packaging as a stimulus to analyze visual attention and the probability of choice for each attribute. Experiment 1 (466 observations) included the evaluation of the attributes price, brand, coffee variety, organic label and origin. Experiment 2 (279 observations) tested price, score, altitude and roast. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that the use of the Time Fixation Duration (TFD) and Visit Count (VC) metrics were efficient in evaluating the effect of visual attention on the choice of each attribute present in the packaging. In experiment 2, the Time to First Fixation (TFF) and the willingness-to-pay (WTP) metrics were also significant, the latter of which had a value higher than the highest price indicated by the retailer. The packaging label could be considered a first potential activation regarding the novelty that these attributes represent, and the findings of this study can direct the efforts of the coffee industry to educate its customers about the main quality attributes related to the consumption of specialty coffees that are still poorly understood, but which may generate future profitability.


A necessary step in a comprehensive assessment of indigenous envenomation therapies is a framework in which seemingly disparate and fragmentary data may be grouped for comparison and analysis. In this paper data gathered in Belize in 1979-1982 is presented under topic headings which suggest parameters and problems that should be considered in a cross-cultural study of snakebite treatments. Accurate information is needed on the social history of patients, snake doctors, and others who might influence the course of treatment; beliefs about snake types and snake behavior; the circumstances of envenomation; facilities available for treatment; the stages of treatment; the components of medicines as well as their preparation and application in treatment.


Background;Obese pregnant ladies are at increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes which leads to preeclampsia, preterm births, gestational age and cesarean section deliveries. Aim:To determine maternal outcomes of pregnancy among women having increased body mass index. Methods: A total of 150 women fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were enrolled in this research study. Informed consent for the participation was taken from each patient. All the relevant information and data were noted on pre-designed proforma. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS-17. Results:A total of 150 pregnant ladies were enrolled in this study. Mean ages of these study cases were 30.47±4.18 years. Mean parity of these study cases was 3.31±1.15. Mean BMI values of these study cases were 29.97±2.91 Kg/m 2 . Maximum no. of study cases were from age groups 25-35 years i.e., 115(76.66%). Frequency of preterm births was 50(33.33%). Majority of our study cases i.e., 95(63.3%) had BMI in the range of 26-30 Kg/m 2 .Very high frequencies 65(43.3%) of pre-eclampsia were observed while gestational diabetes mellitus was seen in 32(21.3%) of the study cases and post partum haemorrhage was noted in 70 (46.7%). Conclusion:Our study results have indicated that obesity in pregnant women is linked to an increased risk of gestational diabetes, PPH, higher rates of c. section deliveries and pre-eclampsia. Obesity is significantly related with complications related to the mother and fetus. Well directed interventions regarding weight loss and avoidance to excessive weight gains during pregnancy prior to preconception period. Keywords; BMI, Pre-eclampsia, Gestational diabetes, Parity.


The upcoming fifth-generation ( 5G ) of wireless communications technologies is expected to revolutionize society digital transformation thanks to its unprecedented wireless performance capabilities, providing speeds of several Gbps, very low latencies well below 5 ms, ultra-reliable transmissions with up to 99.999% success probability, while being able to handle a huge number of devices simultaneously connected to the network. The first version of the 3GPP specification (i.e., Release 15) has been recently completed and many 5G trials are under plan or carrying out worldwide, with the first commercial deployments happening in 2019.


Blind source separation is a hot topic in signal processing. Most existing works focus on dealing with linear combined signals, while in practice we always encounter with nonlinear mixed signals. To address the problem of nonlinear source separation, in this paper we propose a novel algorithm using radial basis function neutral network, optimized by multi-universe parallel quantum genetic algorithm. Experiments show the efficiency of the proposed method.


Archaeologists, it must ruefully be admitted, are often the beneficiaries of past societies' disasters. How much more do we know of Pompeii and Herculaneum owing to the ash and pumice that engulfed them on that fatal day in AD 79? Yet the plaster casts of the victims remind us vividly of the cost in human lives, and recent analysis of the eruption has underlined what a terrifying experience that must have been. Similar evidence from other parts of the world is equally sobering: the iron-clad warrior who was overcome by pyroclastic flows at Kanai Higashiura in sixth-century Japan, for example, or the victims of the 1815 Tambora eruption, excavated at Pancasila in Indonesia.


The most common defects observed in composite laminates are Delaminations. These are due to their relatively weak interlaminar strengths. They may occur during fabrication, as a result of incomplete wetting, or during service, such as low-velocity impact. The existence of delaminations may effect the vibration parameters of a composite laminate, such as the natural frequency and the mode shape. In particular, delaminations decreases the natural frequency, which may cause resonance, if the reduced frequency is reaches the working frequency. It is crucial that we should be able to estimate the change in the frequency, as well as the mode shape, in a dynamic environment. In this thesis dynamic response of composite plate with different stacking sequences and different boundary conditions with single mid-plane delamination is studied. The results of the present model agree well with the analytical and experimental data reported in the literature. Relating to parameter studies the sizes and locations of the delaminations have important effect on the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Keywords— Delamination; Dynamicanalysis; Frequency; Mode Shapes I.INTRODUCTION Laminated composite plates are greatly used in the construction of aerospace, civil, marine, automotive due to their high definite stiffness and strength, excellent fatigue resistance, long life and many other good properties compared to the conventional metallic materials. In general, these structures require require reliability for which, the estimation of the maximum load that the structure can resist as well as the failure process is very important. Due to the anisotropy of composite laminates and the stress distribution is not uniform in laminate under flexural bending as well as other types of static/dynamic loading, the chance of failure in laminates is very high. Large variations in strength and stiffness values of the fibre and the matrix lead to different forms of defects caused during manufacturing process as well as service conditions. Defect may be detected using frequency response of the structure. Defect induce a decrease in structural stiffness which in turn exhibit decrease in natural frequencies. The location of the defect can be predicted from the degree of change in natural frequency which depends on the position of the defect for a specific mode of vibration. In other words, local or distributed changes in stiffness provide changes in natural frequencies, which affect each mode separately depending on the defect location. Presently available Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are mostly non-model methods, i.e., either visual or localized experimental methods, such as acoustic or ultrasonic methods, magnetic field methods, radiographs, eddy-current methods or thermal field methods. Running these techniques is time consuming and costly. Some of them are also impractical in many applications such as in service aircraft testing, and space structure. Almost all of these techniques require that the vicinity of the damage is known in advance and that the portion of the structure being inspected is readily accessible for human beings. Subject to these merits, these non-model (experimental) methods can provide only local information and no response of the structural strength at a system level. In this thesis dynamic response of composite plate with different stacking sequences and different boundary conditions with single mid-plane delamination is studied. The results of the present model agree well with the analytical and experimental data reported in the literature. Parametric studies show that the sizes and locations of the delaminations have tremendous effect on the natural frequencies and mode shapes. II.LITERATURE REVIEW Shen and grady [1] studied the delamination effect of a composite plate using varational principle. However, the 'constrained mode' model, failed to predict the opening in the mode shapes found in the experiments by Shen and Grady. To simulate the 'open' and 'closed' behavior between the delaminated layers. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 http://www.ijert.org IJERTV5IS110199 Vol. 5 Issue 11, November-2016 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by :


Uncertainty, evolution and economic theory, Armen A. Alchian some economics of property rights, Armen A. Alchian the ethics of competition, Frank H. Knight some fallacies in the interpretation of social cost, Frank H. Knight the Ricardian theory of production and distribution, Frank H. Knight economics in the United States of America - a review and interpretation of research, Rutledge Vining increasing returns and economic progress, Allyn Young a positive programme for "laissez faire" - some proposals for a liberal economic policy, Henry C. Simons rules versus authorities in monetary policy, Henry C. Simons the interpretation of voting in the allocation of economic resources, Howard R. Bowen the pure theory of public expenditure, Paul A. Samuelson the Marshallian demand curve, Milton Friedman the role of monetary policy, Milton Friedman the nature of the firm, Ronald H. Coase the problem of social cost, Ronald H. Coase the use of knowledge in society, F.A. Hayek the economics of information, George J. Stigler on welfare theory and Pareto regions, Ragnar Frisch the impossibility of a Paretian liberal, Amartya Sen on a the rationale of group decision-making, Duncan Black problems of majority voting, Gordon Tullock the welfare costs of tariffs, monopolies, and theft, Gordon Tullock uncertainty, costs, and collectivist economic planning, Jack Wiseman the theory of public utility price - an empty box, Jack Wiseman risk and the social rate of discount, Mark V. Pauly macroeconomics of unbalanced growth - the anatomy of urban crisis, William J. Baumol a notion of equilibrium and its possibility under majority rule, Charles R. Plott separation of the redistributive and allocative functions of government - a public choice perspective, Marilyn R. Flowers and Patricia M. Danzon the political economy of the rent-seeking society, Anne O. Krueger.


In 1999,driven by the dream of using technology to change people's lives, Li Yanhong,returned to Zhongguan- cun (Zhongguan Village in Chinese), Beijing from Silicon Valley in the U.S.to create Baidu.com.Over the years,Baidu has become the most frequently hitted website in China as well as the largest Chinese search engine and Chinese lan- guage website in the world.In August


Women representation and gender equality have been in the front burner of global political discourse for some decades, with several scholars linking the level of women representation to women empowerment and attainment of national development. However, the level of women representation in Ghana and Liberia remains low. The study investigated the effect of women representation on social welfare and women empowerment in the two West African countries. Survey design was employed in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in data analysis. The study found that women representation had a positive significant effect on policy outputs in social welfare and women empowerment in Ghana and Liberia, F (1, 677)=4.435, Adj. R 2 =.705, p <0.05. Women representatives in Ghana and Liberia facilitated policy outputs in social welfare and women empowerment sectors. There is need for adoption of quotas that would facilitate election of more female representatives into the National Legislatures of both countries. Key words: Women representation, policy outputs, social welfare, women empowerment, affirmative action DOI: 10.7176/JAAS/61-07 Publication date: February 29 th 2020