Scientific approaches to the concept of "national security" are systematized in the article. The author substantiates that there are four main approaches to the concept of "national security". The first group - works devoted to the terminological characterization of national security. Another group - the authors define national security because of the state of protection of vital interests, the individual, society and the state against all kinds of threats. The third group is studies that analyze the types of national security, in particular: economic, environmental, financial, personnel, financial, social, etc. These characteristics reflect their socio-political nature, trace the unity of personal, public and state security, developing political and other processes. The fourth group of studies are those that pay attention to problems related to the correct use of the concept of "national security" and the possibility of its replacement. Fifth group - analyzes the interaction and correlation of threats and security.There is no single, well-defined definition of national security today. No matter what approach the authors use, there are different approaches, and in some cases, complications or simplifications of this category.In our opinion, national security should be understood as a state of protection of the individual, society and state against a wide range of internal and external threats, which ensure the realization of citizens' constitutional rights and freedoms, decent quality and standard of living, sovereignty, independence, state and territorial integrity. , sustainable socio-economic development of the state.


The curriculum, defined as a series of experiences designed to achieve specific goals, is regarded as the fundamental tool of the educational process. Scouting is divided into four stages: cubs, scouts, advanced scouts, and roving scouts. The scout curriculum includes the fundamental rules upon which the scouting movement was founded. Religious, social, national, health, artistic, and scouting education are the most important. Scout camps are enjoyable for school preparation and are appropriate for some changes. It is possible to avoid it in the official school curriculum and achieve high-level results during their participation, so these directorates must provide the necessary capabilities for this stage. So the researcher perseveres to find out what are the possibilities that must be available for the success of scouting camps? As a result, has been chosen (73) admin to study from the participating teams in the talented camp, 24 supervisors and administrators were chosen as the main application sample to the researcher's prepared measure of capabilities. After collecting the data and processing it statistically using the statistical bag (SPSS).


The report summarizes the 1991 investigations of the distribution, abundance, migration timing and route, behavior, and habitat relationships of endangered whales in the Alaskan Chukchi and western Beaufort seas (hereafter, study area); 1991 was the third year of a three year (1989-91) study. Data were collected during transect and search surveys flown in a specially modified Grumman Goose (model G21G) aircraft over the study area from 20 September through 7 November. The Bering Sea stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) was the principal species studied. Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) were also studied, with incidental sightings of all other marine mammals routinely recorded. Data collected during the 1991 study were subsequently integrated with the results of surveys conducted from 1982-1990. In 1991, there were 27 sightings of 32 bowhead whales and 20 sightings of 26 gray whales in the study area from 20 September through October.


Abstract : Biological and physical data were collected from nine habitats on the Missouri River near Washburn, North Dakota. Sampling was conducted from mid-July to mid-October 1979 to compare the relative values of the habitats for fish and macroinvertebrates. Benthic samples included 11 families, among which oligochaetes (63 percent) and dipterans (34 percent) were numerically dominant. About half of the 166 samples taken at both structured and natural locations contained organisms, but 55 samples taken from mud or mud-fine sand substrates yielded 93 percent of the organisms collected. Although the numbers of taxa per station were not significantly different, there were significant differences in the mean numbers of organisms per station. Densities were greatest at two locations that included extensive areas of backwater (L-head dikes at Location DFH and wing dikes at Location DFW), and least at a revetted location (RVD) where the substrate was largely fine sand.


This work develops the kinematic-geometry for ruled surfaces by using the analogy with spherical kinematics. This provides the ability to compute set of curvature functions which define the local shape of ruled surfaces. Hence, the well known equation of the Plucker's conoid has been obtained and its kinematic-geometry are examined in details. Finally, a characterization for a line trajectory to be a constant Disteli-axis is derived, and investigated.


Pile composite foundation can make good use of the bearing capacity of the soil and pile, which is widely used in the Chinese northwest loess area. However, the theory of pile composite foundation is far from sufficient, hindering its long-term development. Aiming at this problem, a laboratory model test of pile composite foundation in the loess area was conducted to explore the common working mechanism and variations of each bearing stage. Besides, the settlement of the single pile composite foundation was calculated by using the modified tangent modulus method, and the result was compared with the experimental data. The main results of this paper are as follows: Both in the single pile and single pile composite foundation, loading-settlement curves showed a trend of "elastic to elastoplastic to plastic," accompanied by the appearance of plummeting point. Influenced by the pile group effect, the loading-settlement curve of the group pile composite foundation showed a slow-varying trend without an obvious breakdown point. Pile axis stress increased with the growth of upper load. At the beginning of loading, the pile axis stress indicated such a distribution that stress on both ends of the pile was larger than that in the middle of the pile. When reaching a certain load, the location of the biggest pile axis stress transferred to the pile top, and the pile axis stress decreased gradually as the pile became deep. The side friction resistance in the static load test of the single pile was always positive, whereas in the composite foundation of a single pile and a group of piles, negative side resistance appeared in the upper side of the neutral point. Pile-soil stress ratio in the depth of 12 cm changed with the upper load. The outcome calculated by the modified tangent modulus method had a relatively better consistency with experimental data if the upper load was not too large.


The remarkable results of Fountain codes over the binary erasure channel (BEC) have motivated research on their practical implementation over noisy channels. Trapping sets are a phenomenon of great practical importance for certain graph codes on noisy channels. Although trapping sets have been extensively studied for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, to the best of our knowledge they have never been fully explored for Fountain codes. In this letter, we demonstrate that trapping sets are damaging to the realized rate and decoding cost of Fountain codes. Furthermore, we show that through trapping set detection we may combat these negative effects.


Abstract : This project developed an instructional high resolution land combat simulation model. The purpose of this model is to demonstrate common techniques of modeling used in the present generation of US Army land combat models. This model is stochastic and uses an event scheduling type of discrete event time algorithm. The model represents a maximum of two six-man infantry squads in direct fire combat. The individual soldiers move, search for targets, engage targets, and react to hostile encounters. The data values provided will the model are all. generic and hypothetical. The model is only intended as a demonstration tool and has no validity for analytic use. A preprocessor is provided with the model and Appendix D provides a user's manual.


Bus service is the most practical sustainable transport solution for National Park. Unfortunately, there are various kinds of difficulties that prevent sustainable transport from being perfectly running, which are basically from two birthplaces, the people and the facilities. Of these, the current investigation is conducted to study the supply chain strategy for achieving sustainable transport at National Park, Jerantut, Pahang Malaysia. This quantitative study conducted by using a survey questionnaire to different groups, i.e., local community and National Park visitors. The data analyzed using the descriptive statistics analysis, which consist of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Also, this study uses graphical descriptive analysis. The results of the analysis show that the car is the most favourable method of transport followed by motorcycle. The reasons are not solely because of the lack of bus service. However, both local and tourist feel that they are more accessible, more comfortable and faster than the public bus. Thus, this study suggested that public transport facilities must be upgraded with better roads and better bus stops. Payment methods and tickets' price is merely not a big issue for National Park. For promoting a sustainability issue, the National Park required more enhancements, not just the bus, the roads around also must be facilitated with more eco-friendly infrastructures to promote walking and cycling. Keywords— Supply Chain Strategy, Sustainable Transport, National Park, Tourist


This paper analyses the comparability of the structure and content of IFRS consolidated statements of cash flows within Polish listed companies and the influence of national accounting rules on these statements. Two research methods have been used: a literature review and an analysis of the content of financial statements. It has been found that there are small differences in the structure and content of IFRS consolidated statements of cash flows in Poland. The results indicate that the options in IAS 7 and the lack of an obligatory format of the IFRS statement of cash flows do not significantly reduce the comparability of these statements in Polish practice. Moreover, it has been observed that Polish listed companies follow national regulations only in some aspects for which IAS 7 provides options or has no regulations at all. The findings of this study may be relevant for standard setters, in particular, the current IASB Primary Financial Statements project, for users of financial reporting, and for academics for future research.


T h e f i rs t c l in ica l and experimental observa t ions that form t h e b a s i s for t h e u s e of cer ta in sulfonamides i n t h e treatment of d i a b e t e s mel l i tus were made early in 1942. At that time, Janbon and h i s co-workers not iced fortuitously during therapeut ic experiments that a sulfonamide, p-aminobenzenesulfonamidoisopropylthiodiazole (VK 57, or 2254 R P , or IPTD), as i l lustrated in F I G U R E 1, produced disorders very s imilar to hypoglycemia. In t h e most s e r i o u s cases t h e s e were followed by i r reversible or fa ta l nervous symptoms, particularly in pa t ien ts suffering from typhoid fever, who were underfed and consequent ly predisposed t o hypoglycemia. B e c a u s e of the nature of t h e s e symptoms, Janbon consul ted me, and s i n c e that t i m e , both at the Cl in ique d e s Maladies C o n t a g i e u s e s and at t h e Physiology Laborator ies of t h e Facult'e d e Mgdecine d e Montpellier, we h a v e been engaged in determining t h e nature of t h e s e symptoms and analyzing t h e mechanism by which they a re produced.


This article was downloaded by: [KEMO (Kooperation E-Medien Osterreich ) KEMO Austrian Consortium (BOTH SSH/S&T) Parent Collections Library Account] On: 17 April 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 936078900] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 3741 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK


A fundamental security principle in developing networked applications is end-to-end security, where the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted over the network does not rely on the security of the network. In response to the ever increasing traffic from mobile apps, WiFi networks are spreading fast and widely. Since WiFi networks are unregulated, a passive attacker may eavesdrop on the traffic on open WiFi networks, while an active attacker may set up his own WiFi networks to modify their traffic at will. In theory, end-to-end security should protect mobile apps from both these attacks; in practice, however, the situation is far less rosy. We examine how the popular, important mobile apps on Chinese Android markets defend themselves against untrusted networks. We select the top apps from major categories, such as online shopping, banking, social networks, travel services, and apps from companies with high market capitalization. We analyze both their code and their network traffic to identify vulnerabilities. We design a mini-language for describing the vulnerabilities and develop a tool, AppCracker, that launches both passive and active attacks on these apps to verify their vulnerabilities. AppCracker has confirmed that 100 apps from 69 companies are vulnerable during their user or session authentication. These vulnerabilities allow an adversary to capture the victim user's login credentials or to hijack the victim's session. We describe these diverse types of vulnerabilities, many of which are caused by misuse of cryptography in their home-grown cryptographic protocols. Finally, we discuss the lessons learned during our investigation to help app developer avoid similar pitfalls. * More information, including video, is available at http://shtech.org/appcracker/. We thank HTC for providing mobile phones for our experiments. This paper is based upon work supported by ShanghaiTech University. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ShanghaiTech University.


Objective:To investigate the effect of Huangqi Injection on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) in rats.Methods:Thirty-six sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into control group(group A),UUO model group(group B) and treatment group(group C).Group C was intraperitoneal injected with Huangqi Injection(5 ml·kg-1·d-1) from 1 day before operation to 9 days after the operation.At the 10 day of UUO,rats were killed and the operated kidneys were collected.Tissue was processed to paraffic sections and stained by HE,PAS and picrosirius-red staining.The pathological change and relative volume of interstitium and collage of the cortex was observed by microscope.The expression of TGF-β1,α-SMA and collagen Ⅰ were examined by immnohistochemistry.The expression of HSP47 were examined by immnoblotting.Results:The kidneys of group B show markedly expanded interstitium and cellular infiltration.The kidneys of group C had a modest expansion of interstitium and cellular infiltration.The relative volume of cortical interstitium and collage were higher in both group B and C than in group A(P0.01),and it was lower in group C than in group B(P0.01).The expressions of TGF-β1,α-SMA,collagen I and HSP47 were higher in the group B and C than in the group A(P0.05),but they were lower in group C than in group B(P0.05).Conclusion:Huangqi Injection can down-regulation the expression of TGF-β1,α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ and HSP47.It could ameliorate pathological and prevent progress of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in rats.


Two novel steroids, polasterol A (1) and polasterol B sulfate (2), along with two known compounds, 22(E),24-isopropylcholesta-5, 22-dien-3 beta-ol (3) and halistanol sulfate (4), have been isolated from the Japanese marine sponge Epipolasis sp. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined as 3 beta-hydroxy-24-isopropylcholesta-5, 22(E)-dien-7-one and 24xi-isopropenylcholesta-22(Z), 28(29)-diene-2 beta,3 alpha,6 alpha-triyl trisodium sulfate on the basis of spectroscopic investigations and a chemical conversion.


Tidal wetlands are increasingly valued for their role in coastal defense. Nevertheless, in situ observations of storm surge attenuation within wetlands are still scarce. We present water level measurements along a 4 km intertidal channel and on the surrounding marsh platform for regular spring to neap tides and two major storm surge tides, showing the effects of flood wave height and marsh geomorphology on the amount of flood wave attenuation. Undermarsh tides with peak water levels below marsh platform elevation are mostly amplified (up to 4 cm/km) within the channels. Overmarsh tides with peak water levels above the marsh platform are generally attenuated along the channels, with maximum attenuation rates of 5 cm/km for tides that inundate the marsh platform by 0.5–1.0 m. For lower or higher flood waves, including storm surges, attenuation rates decrease. Furthermore, the observations show that the maximum attenuation occurs along narrow channel transects where the width of the platform is larger, whereas attenuation rates are lower along wider channels with smaller adjacent marsh platforms. These observations are confirmed by an analytical approximation of tidal wave propagation through convergent channels. The analytical model indicates that differences in attenuation rates are induced by variations in the cross‐channel averaged friction between channel sections and between tides with varying peak water levels. Finally, the highest attenuation rates of up to 70 cm/km are observed over short distances on the vegetated marsh platform. We conclude that this study provides an empirical basis for the wider implementation of nature‐based flood defense strategies.


Macro-Schematic Art vs. Schematic Art. Some thoughts on an intuited relationship. In this work I examine the relationships between Macro-schematic and Schematic Art in the Mediterranean area of the Iberian Peninsula. The study is based on the comparison of a number of shared images, including various types of anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and geometric motifs on rock supports and mobile archaeological record. k e y w o r d s : Historiography, Early Neolithic, Macro-Schematic Art, Schematic Art, Early Schematic Art. Del neolític a l'edat del bronze en el Mediterrani occidental. Estudis en homenatge a Bernat Martí Oliver. tv sIp 119, València, 2016, p. 481-490.


1. Service control, containing: input means for receiving a session request identifying a user; ! means of verifying whether the request for the session specified by the service control criterion; and! routing means to route the session request to a defined service platform when the session request matches the service control criterion; ! extraction means, before forwarding the session request to the target service platform, capability information element associated with the user, the capability information element indicating the possibility of at least one user equipment to use a service provided by a predetermined service platform; and! means the session in response to the capability information element that indicates that no user equipment is not able to use the service provided by the given service platform. ! 2. Control Service Element according to claim 1, wherein the service control criterion is a user filter criterion and the capability information element is included in the user filter criterion. ! 3. The service control element according to claim 2, wherein the capability information element is included in a trigger point of the user filter criterion. ! 4. The service control element according to claim 3, wherein the capability information element is included in a service point trigger instance of a trigger point of the user filter criterion. ! 5. The service control element according to claim 1, further comprising: agent interface to the database to store the pieces of information about the opportunities received from a user, where! extracting means is adapted to


A pl1otograpllic project a11d cxcgcsi~ dcmo11strati11g artificial illtclligenct• a11d artificial life as OCCIIfrCIICC~ of the abject. In the photographic project '0•2', the technologies of artificial intelligence and artificial life are examined in relation to identity, via an elaboration of the psychoanalytic concert of the 'abject'. An exegesis of the creative project contains an investigation of computer technologies in regard to identity, an analysis of the basic concepts and paradigms of tht' sciences of artificial intelligence and artificial life, and an elaboration of the psychoanalytic concept of the abject - dt'monstrating A.l. and a-life as cultural instantiations of abjcction. In addition, an examination of tt:~ creative work provides a further amplification of these analyses. Both the creative work and the companion exegesis will contribute to cybercultural theory and arts practice, providing a psychoanalytic understanding of these scientific technologies. repeated attempt to categorize the unknown, abject remainder of the body and life. This imagined duplication of identity remains an abject process of identity - A.l. and a life are revealed as cultural reduplications of abjection.


Brotowali stems (Tinospora crispa L.) contain flavonoids which act as antioxidants and are expected to have the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and increase insulin levels in mice due to STZ induction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brotowali stem ethanol extract (EEBB) on insulin levels in STZ-induced male Wistar rats. Measurement of mouse insulin levels using the mouse insulin ELISA kit method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of brotowali rods at a dose of 450 mg / kgBW rats were significantly different (<0.05) between the hyperglycemic control group and the EEBB treatment group showing an increase in the mean insulin levels of the rats after being given EEBB for 10 days. Brotowali stems can be used for the treatment of natural ingredients with flavonoid content.


Objective To investigate the results of application of the Chinese version 32-item hypomania checklist(HCL-32)in patients with bipolar Ⅰ disorder.Methods The Chinese version of HCL-32 were tested in 132 patients with Bipolar Ⅰ disorder,and 95(72.0%)of them retested after 8 to 14 days.Results ①There were no statistical associations between HCL-32 total scores and the subjects' current mental state rating(P=0.62).Also the mean total HCL-32 scores did not differ between sub-groups defined by the current mental state(P=0.70).②A two-factor solution was preferred by the factors analysis.The Eigenvalues of the two factors were 5.48 and 3.15 respectively:the two factors together accounted for 27.0%of the total variance.The Cronbach's alpha of the total scale Was 0.83:and of the first and second factor 0.83 and 0.72 respectively.The test-retest reliabilitv ofthe whole scale Was 0.61(P=0.70).The rate of unanimous answer of 32 items in the test and retest ranged from 58.9%to 91.6%.The rates of five items were lower than 70%.Patients' total HCL-32 scores ranged from 5 to 32.The number of the patients increased dramatically when the total HCL-32 scores Was 14 or more.The frequency of endorsement of 32 items ranged from 11.4%to 93.9%in the study.Conclusion The Chinese version of the HCL-32 of had acceptable psychometric reliability and validity in patients with bipolar I disorder.

Key words:
32-item Hypomania Checklist; BipolarⅠdisorder; Reliability; Validity


A novel hybrid-stator bearingless switched reluctance motor (HSBSRM) was researched. After analyzing magnetic linkage characteristics, its mathematical model was built with finite element method, and a radial displacement self-sensing method was designed. This hybrid stator motor has unique advantages compared with those traditional bearingless switched reluctance motors, so radial displacement self-testing techniques have important research significance and practical value. Simulation and experimental results validated the proposed methods.


Abstract As a consequence of general principles, we add to the array of 'hulls' in the category Arch (of archimedean ℓ-groups with ℓ-homomorphisms) and in its non-full subcategory W (whose objects have distinguished weak order unit, whose morphisms preserve the unit). The following discussion refers to either Arch or W. Let α be an infinite cardinal number or ∞, let Homα; denote the class of α-complete homomorphisms, and let R be a full epireflective subcategory with reflections denoted rG: G → rG. Then for each G, there is rαG ∈ Homα (G, R) such that for each ϕ ∈ Homα (G, R), there is unique with . Moreover if every rG is an essential embedding, then, for every α and every G, rαG = rG, and every Homα. If and R consists of all epicomplete objects, then every Homw1. For α = ∞, and for any R, every Hom∞.


We summarize the capabilities of the World Space Observatory (UV) Project (WSO/UV). An example of the importance of this project (with a planned launch date of 2007/8) for the study of Novae is given.


Abstract The synthesis and characterization of a new palladium(II) complex [Pd(MePhPzTSC)2] and its corresponding ligand 3-methylpyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (MePhPzTSC) are described. The bidentate ligand is coordinated to Pd(II) through the azomethine nitrogen atoms and sulfur in the form of thiol by deprotonation of the NH-C = S. The antimicrobial activity of these new compounds was evaluated against gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus thuringiensis) bacteria and two yeast strains (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Coordination of the ligand to the metallic ion showed improved antimicrobial activity compared to the free ligand. For the gram-positive bacteria the antimicrobial activity of the complex was higher than that of the positive control used. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the following free supplemental files: Additional figures and tables] GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Actin denaturation upon ATP or pyrophosphate (PPi) addition has been studied in carp myofibril dissolved in 0.5M KCl. ATP-treatment of myofibril remarkably decreased its Mg-ATPase activity with no loss of Ca-ATPase activity. The treated myofibril has a quick inactivation phase in its Ca-ATPase in activation profile. ATP dissociated myosin from actin. These are all reproduced also by PPi. PPi-in duced actin denaturation in the myofibril involves PPi-induced actin dissociation from myosin and a subsequent denaturation of dissociated actin by 0.5M KCl present in the medium. Ammonium sulfate as high as 1.75M causes no actin denaturation. It was concluded, therefore, that actin is protected from KCl (or NaCl)-induced denaturation by binding to myosin.


In this article, three books related to power were analyzed: Kitami Masao's "The Swordless Samurai", Han Feitzu's "The Book of Law and Order" and N. Machiavelli's "The Prince". The main judgments were highlighted and conclusions were drawn on how each author understands the power. Similar and opposite conclusions were compared. Also, the reasons for the fundamental differences between these ideas are identified. Analysis of differences on a religious basis was made using the modern Agamben's work "The Kingdom and the Glory" as it touches on the relationship between religion and power. The study used an integrated cultural-philosophical approach, in which descriptive method, comparative analysis, and synthesis can be separated from each other. As a result of this work, the following conclusions were obtained: the difference in the functions of power leads to different understanding of power; the religious environment surrounding a person largely influences his understanding of power. Based on this, different concepts of power should be compared to identify common significant positions that demonstrate the nature of power relations.


The system used for remaking the bed of the River Var is founded on the creation of a series of steps placed diagonally at intervals of 1 km, with the added purpose of maintaining the ground water level on the adjacent plain.
Other problems directly related with the river are the enlargement of the nearby airport, the endangered stability of the highway and railway bridges due to the phenomena of undermining, and the difficult situation of the companies which extract materials from the river, faced with the necessity of prohibiting such operations.
This scheme has also managed to prevent the damage that used to be caused by periodical flooding along the banks of the river.


The rapid urban growth in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is phenomenal; the orientation of that urban development focuses on the modernization of towns and cities. This development was done to the detriment of historical areas, leading to their socio-cultural metamorphosis. The historic area of Umm Al Quwain is a case study, illustrating the challenges of its future. Our first research objective is to preserve the essential characteristics of the historical area, while injecting the desired new functional elements in a manner compatible with the traditional city structure. The second objective is to improve living standards in the historical area, especially with regard to infrastructure, sanitation and social facilities, providing a level of comfort equivalent to that of modern cities, but without destroying the traditional character of the area. This paper is structured in three main parts: the first one is more descriptive than analytic, and deals with the chronological development of the city. The second part, based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) approach and the last on analyses of similar cases in the region, presenting the analysis of one zone of the historical area, with different suggestions of scenarios for the revitalization of the zone taken as a pilot project.


Bone marrow (BM)–derived cell therapy for the damaged heart has now been under investigation for almost 2 decades. Right from the outset, both in vitro and in animal models of cardiac damage, early studies using BM-derived cells showed incredible promise and reported numerous broadly positive findings, driving enthusiasm for the clinical translation of this approach. To mention just a few of those early studies, findings from the late 1990s included the successful differentiation of BM stromal cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells1; increased angiogenesis and the formation of cardiomyocyte-like cells in vivo when BM-derived cells were injected into the scarred left ventricular (LV) wall2; and the identification that the BM is a reservoir for circulating endothelial progenitor cells that contribute to new vessel formation in the adult.3 Then, in 2001, it was reported that the intravenous administration of human CD34+ BM-derived cells into immune-deficient rats after acute myocardial infarction (MI) led to the proliferation of pre-existing vasculature and de novo new blood vessel formation in the infarct bed, which contributed to the salvage of viable myocardium and dramatic improvements in LV ejection fraction (LVEF).4 Concurrently, others reported that a specific fraction of BM cells that expressed c-kit, but not hematopoietic markers, could give rise not only to new vessels but also to cardiomyocytes5 and that the mobilization of BM cells using specific factors in the post-MI period leads to the homing of these cells to the MI region, reduced infarct size, and improved survival in an animal model.6

Article, see p 1346

With these and other remarkable preclinical studies appearing in rapid succession, clinician scientists were swift to begin investigating BM-derived cells to ameliorate cardiovascular disease in humans.7 Indeed, still in 2001, what we think to be the first human report of …


Aim: to base and to test new more precise way of determination of the type of adaptation strategy and. intensity of corresponding metabolic shifts in experiment. Methods: the model of orthopedic trauma of two extremities with stabilization of fragments with external fixation devices was rendered in experimental group of 22 chinchilla rabbits. We defined oxygen consumption, carbonic acid excretion and rectal temperature initially and also on the 1 st, 3 rd and 7 th day after the operation. Results. Addition of data of research of oxygen consumption (key criterion of the type of adaptation strategy) with the results of determination of carbonic acid excretion and rectal temperature, correct choice of initial condition of laboratory animal that will be compared and also quantitative characteristics of intensity of metabolic shifts allowed to increase exactness of diagnostics of type of adaptation strategy of laboratory animals in unfavorable conditions.


Industrial Revolution 4.0 offers both challenges and opportunities for all countries. Every country has to adopt best strategies to deal with its dynamic and complexity. This paper aims at discussing the legal policies adopted by Indonesia and Taiwan to face this industrial revolution. This research employs a descriptive - qualitative method with comparative approach. It is found that Industrial Rrevolution 4.0, also known as the intelligent industry, seeks to transform a company into an intelligent organization to achieve the best business results. Indonesia officially launched the road-map called "Making Indonesia 4.0" in 2018. In the same year, Indonesia has started to set up the main plain of the program for five focuses sectors ex: food and drink, textile and clothing, automotive, chemist and electronic, and additional ten cross priority sectors. While Taiwan proposed its own version of Industry 4.0 called "Productivity 4.0" in 2014. This includes the use of large quantity of robots and production lines, the automation of manufacturing procedures, the introduction of Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and cloud computing for immediate data processing. It makes Industry 4.0 as the national policy for industrial transformation.


A recent paper by Lazear and Shaw (2009) finds that the distribution of wages within firms has a very similar pattern to the distribution of wages for all workers in an economy. Wage dispersion within firms accounts for more than 60% of the total wage dispersion for the countries in their study. In this paper, we explore whether a similar pattern is observed for the distribution of skills, and to what extent the distribution of skills might explain the within firm wage dispersion. We find that, similar to wages, the within- firm distribution of skills resembles the pattern for all workers in the economy; and that skill dispersion within firms also accounts for over 60% of total skill dispersion. The dispersion in skills explains approximately 30 percent of within-firm wage dispersion. JEL Codes: J310, J240, J210 Keywords: Firm Wage Structure, Human Capital, Skills


Background: We started postoperative pain management service using an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA, PCA), which is known as convenient and effective analgesic method. In this report, we describe the efficacy and safety of PCA and the experience of developing an acute pain service to treat postoperative pain using a PCA. Methods: Practices of an acute pain service were started at a ward for general surgery after preparation of the standardized protocols for PCA. In each patient, PCA was connected following administration of initial loading doses of analgesics at recovery room after operation. All patients were checked by acute pain service team once or twice daily. The scope of acute pain service was gradually spread to other departments such as orthopedic, thoracic, obstetric and gynecologic departments by requests of patients or surgeons. We managed 1,590 patients during first 22 months. among them, nine hundred seventy two cases were prospectively evaluated for their analgesis efficacy and side effects of PCA. Results: The number of patients was increased day by day. the most common type of operation was gastrectomy (21.6%). Commonly used analgesics were nalbuphine (59%) and morphine (37%). The mean duration of PCA attachment was 3.3 days. The degree of analgesia on operation day was good in 44.8% and tolerable in 52.6% of patients. Only 3.9% of patients complained severe pain during their postoperative periods. One elderly patient experienced respiratory depression (0.06%) owing to accidental misuse of PCA by his relatives. Overall patient's satisfaction was over 93%. Conclusion: According to our experiences, we conclude that PCA is an effective, relatively safe and highly satisfactory method for postoperative pain management. Because of these advantages of PCA, the creation of our acute pain service using a PCA was successful and expanded rapidly.


Wireless personal area network is a personal area network a network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person's work space in which the connections are wireless. Typically, a wireless personal area network uses some technology that permits communication within about 10 meters i.e a very short range. One such technology is Bluetooth, which was used as the basis for a new standard, IEEE 802.15. The personal area network computing model allows all network computer system systems to take part within processing but at their respective ends, separately. This model allows sharing data & services but does not help other network computer system systems within processing. After that will study of Existing Security loop holes within wireless PAN based distributed network environment. The security threats are Hacker, cracker, crypto analysts, Brute Force attack , Man in Middle attack, Denial of services. In this research we will make the critical review on security loop holes of existing mechanisms. Then will create a new security mechanism to enhance security of data on wireless personal area network by customizing existing Encryption & Decryption Mechanisms. In this paper a critical review of security attack is discussed.


We present certain aspects of theoretical modeling of nanostructured materials with some degree of local order. The topological structure of local short-range order versus the long-range spatial heterogeneity of the nanostructure as a whole is described in terms of Voronoi polyhedra, so that the resulting topological tessellations form groups of polyclusters. For so obtained geometry of polycluster microstructure we describe the transition from micro to macro domain by using a generalized theory of micromorphic continuum, where polyclusters are considered as individual elements of micromorphic continuum. Then the master equations of micromorphic continuum can be perceived as a fundamental set of field equations that are needed for further theoretical development of the model. The semi-discrete nature of field variables, which describes the kinematics of deformation in polyclusters, leads to the natural choice of a pair potential function for modeling a short-range order.


The buffer stop also offers a gradual deceleration to the train, lowering the chance of passenger harm and railway damage. The buffer stop's conduct is critical for the train system's safety and integrity. The researcher conducted an analysis of the behavior of the buffer stop after being hit by an oncoming train and experienced failure in braking by using solid steel materials and with an additional layer of rubber on the head end of the train stop buffer. With reference to the impact force parameters that have been calculated in previous studies so that it can be viewed from the stress that occurs and the value of the lateral movement that occurs at the buffer stops.From the results of the analysis of this study it is known that an increase in the ability of the buffer stops by replacing steel material with rubber does not provide a significant increase, however, thickening the flange and web of the buffer stops provides a significant increase in capability with a ratio of 3,582 to the applied stress. and increased ability to reduce the length of the drift by a ratio of 2,478.


Five years ago, in one of my first contributions to this space at the back of what was then called Australian Child and Family Welfare, I wrote a piece on the abuse of children by those in positions of trust and responsibility. The article, 'What you see depends on where you stand, what you want to see and what you want to tell others you have seen', (Goddard 1988) was prompted by two events in my life.


Epidemiological evidence links consumption of lycopene, the red carotenoid of tomato, to reduced prostate cancer risk. We investigated the effect of lycopene in normal prostate tissue to gain insight into the mechanisms, by which lycopene can contribute to primary prostate cancer prevention. We supplemented young rats with 200 ppm lycopene for up to 8 wk, measured the uptake into individual prostate lobes, and analyzed lycopene‐induced gene regulations in dorsal and lateral lobes after 8 wk of supplementation. Lycopene accumulated in all four prostate lobes over time, with all‐trans lycopene being the predominant isoform. The lateral lobe showed a significantly higher total lycopene content than the other prostate lobes. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that lycopene treatment mildly but significantly reduced gene expression of androgen‐metabolizing enzymes and androgen targets. Moreover, local expression of IGF‐I was decreased in the lateral lobe. Lycopene also consistently reduced transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulins, and immunoglobulin receptors in the lateral lobe. This indicates that lycopene reduced inflammatory signals in the lateral prostate lobe. In summary, we show for the first time that lycopene reduced local prostatic androgen signaling, IGF‐I expression, and basal inflammatory signals in normal prostate tissue. All of these mechanisms can contribute to the epidemiologically observed prostate cancer risk reduction by lycopene.


Gene expression profiling via RNA-sequencing has become standard for measuring and analyzing the gene activity in bulk and at single cell level. Increasing sample sizes and cell counts provides substantial information about transcriptional architecture of samples. In addition to quantification of expression at cellular level, RNA-seq can be used for detecting of variants, including single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions and also large variants such as copy number variants. The joint analysis of variants with transcriptional state of cells or samples can provide insight about impact of mutations. To provide a comprehensive method to jointly analyze the genetic variants and cellular states, we introduce XCVATR, a method that can identify variants, detect local enrichment of expressed variants, within embedding of samples and cells. The embeddings provide information about cellular states among cells by defining a cell-cell distance metric. Unlike clustering algorithms, which depend on a cell-cell distance and use it to define clusters that explain cell clusters globally, XCVATR detects the local enrichment of expressed variants in the embedding space such that embedding can be computed using any type of measurement or method, for example by PCA or tSNE of the expression levels. XCVATR searches local patterns of association of each variant with the positions of cells in an embedding of the cells. XCVATR also visualizes the local clumps of small and large-scale variant calls in single cell and bulk RNA-sequencing datasets. We perform simulations and demonstrate that XCVATR can identify the enrichments of expressed variants. We also apply XCVATR on single cell and bulk RNA-seq datasets and demonstrate its utility.


Background: The impact of chronic aphasia following stroke on quality of life (QOL) is widely acknowledged, with improved QOL recognised as an important outcome in aphasia recovery and supported by emerging quantitative measures. One of the key constructs recognised as contributing to QOL in other chronic conditions is psychosocial adjustment, the mechanisms of which are little understood for the person with aphasia. Aims: This study addressed adjustment processes in aphasia by exploring multiple perspectives from people engaged in the Communication Hub for Aphasia in North Tyneside (CHANT), a two-year community intervention for long-term aphasia. The study aimed to explore the adjustment process over time in people with aphasia using thematic analysis of personal narratives derived from a combination of sources: semi-structured interviews with reflections on experiences, quantitative measures of change in QOL and self-assessments of change. Methods & Procedures: Three people with mild or moderate chronic aphasia and three people without aphasia involved in CHANT were recruited (a carer, a volunteer, and a local government employee) to participate in semi-structured interviews at two- to three-month intervals over a 12-month period. A total of 28 semi-structured interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically by a small team using NVivo8 software. Narrative data were interpreted within the broader context of QOL measures and self-assessments of living with aphasia (Mumby & Whitworth, 2012). Outcomes & Results: Changes over time that reflected evidence of psychosocial adjustment from the multiple perspectives of the participants covered five core themes: Intervention type, Effectiveness, Barriers, Facilitators, and QOL. A model is proposed to encapsulate the barriers and facilitators that impacted on the process of adjustment and contributed to QOL for individuals involved in the intervention. This model is consistent with the domains from other classifications based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; World Health Organization, 2001), viewing adjustment as a progression towards "wholeness". The processes involved in personal (and specifically, emotional) adjustment to aphasia are explored, including three stages in rationalisation—Looking back, Looking around, and Looking forward—and the process of transforming negative emotional reactions into positive outcomes. Conclusions: The processes of adjustment in chronic aphasia are complex and vary both over time and according to individual perspectives and circumstances. This preliminary longitudinal study identified commonalities in participants engaged in long-term intervention over 12 months, enabling models of adjustment to be proposed for further exploration and evaluation.


with increasing income. The figures for the three social groups do not however show the same tendency. The figures for the workers show a tendency of decreasing number of children with increasing income. The figures for the employees seem to show a tendency of decreasing number of children with increasing income, up till 3-4,ooo kr. and later on a tendency of increasing number of children with increasing income. The figures for those working on own account are small and very irregular, but there is a very slight tendency of decreasing number of children in the lower income-groups with in- creasing income, and afterwards a slight increase of number of children with increasing income.


Owing to spatiotemporal flexibility of electrical vehicles (EVs), EVs will introduce new synergies between the urban traffic system (UTS) and power distribution system (PDS). As a mobile charging load, arranged EV charging can not only provide more flexibility for power system optimization, but also influence the traveling time and other mobility-related characteristics of EVs. However, there are few studies that consider the impact of the coupling facility (such as parking lot with charging facilities) on UTS reliability, as well as the reliability of UTS and PDS (referred to as PTS). Therefore, it is necessary to extend the original research scope to incorporate the traffic system simulation into the collaborative analysis of the coordinated PTS. This paper first develops a new simulation framework for the coordinated UTS and PDS coupled with commercial charging lots (CLs). Then, a new method is illustrated for measuring the reliability of a coordinated UTS and PDS. At last, a novel unified PTS reliability index considering both UTS and PDS reliability indices are presented.


Handsheet analysis of P-RC APMP pulps produced from various South American eucalypts indicated that they had papermaking properties comparable to, or better than, some North American hardwood market BCTMP pulps. When compared with chemical pulp, the P-RC APMP pulps had a much higher bulk (lower handsheet density) at a given tensile. The higher bulk property renders the P-RC APMP process an attractive alternative in the utilisation of eucalypts for the paper, tissue and paperboard industry. Among the eucalypts investigated, when compared a given tensile strength, E. grandis and E. saligna had higher bulk than Brazilian E. pilularis, E. dunnii and E. urophylla. The E. grandis from different countries gave similar handsheet properties except for stretch, which varied depending on geographic location.


N o 1 9 Se pt em be r 20 09 Monograph Comprehensive cervical cancer prevention planning for the developing world hPV in screening and triage A single round of HPV testing reduces advanced cervical cancers and deaths by half CASE STUDY Cryotherapy for the treatment of precancerous cervical lesions interview with YoUlin QiAo Why do we need to develop a new screening test for cervical cancer? Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, with about 500,000 new cases and 274,000 deaths every year –over 85% of which occur in the developing world. Almost all of these cancers are caused by carcinogenic types of HPV and are completely preventable. Vaccination against HPV shows promise for future generations and is currently being implemented in many developed countries. However, the current vaccine has some significant limitations because it is most effective against two HPV types (-16 and -18) that account for about 70% of cervical cancer cases. Additionally, the vaccine is less effective in women who have been exposed to the virus– and that includes a variable fraction of women over the age of 20 years. Thus, screening remains the main hope for the current generation of women aged 20 years and older and screening will need to be continued for at least the next 30 years. What are the limitations of cytology-based screening in developing countries? It is broadly accepted that well-organized cervical cancer prevention programs based on primary screening with cervical cytology lead to impressive reductions in cervical cancer rates in developed countries. However, it has not been possible to translate this expertise to the developing world, where the infrastructure of cytology


The Burrows–Wheeler Transform is a string-to-string transform which, when used as a preprocessing phase in compression, significantly enhances the compression rate. However, it often puzzles people how the inverse transform is carried out. In this pearl we to exploit simple equational reasoning to derive the inverse of the Burrows–Wheeler transform from its specification. We also outline how to derive the inverse of two more general versions of the transform, one proposed by Schindler and the other by Chapin and Tate.


Individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often ask their health care providers about routinely consuming non-heavy amounts of alcohol for pleasure and potential health benefits. According to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Practice Guidance published in 2018, there are insufficient data to make a recommendation with regard to non-heavy alcohol consumption by individuals with NAFLD.(1) Although several cross-sectional studies have suggested that light alcohol consumption (on average, <1 drink per day) may have a beneficial effect on the presence and severity of NAFLD, a large meta-regression analysis suggested that lower body mass index among light and moderate drinkers is a potential confounder and thus casts doubt on the rigor of those studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The flour cartels judicial saga began in 2012 with a decision from the French Competition Authority ("the FCA") under which it imposed a €242.6 million fine on 17 French and German companies for…


(57) Abstract: it has modularity of wavelength and fiber, optical cross-connect that allows to extend the OXC fiber for the new wavelength and new input fiber by the addition of a new module (OXC) It discloses a switching structure. A plurality of main module switches including two-channel add / drop modules is connected to a common junction module switches. For the M wavelengths in the N fibers which is switched in the OXC, each of N / 2 pieces of the main module, each configuration of the M individual having add / drop modules of two single channel includes a block, M × with junction module, and M × N / 2 pieces of selected matrix with respect to N / 2 pieces of main module, one input and the (N / 2-1) pieces of output and an N number of passive optical splitter. Matrix building block and junction module main module provides the scalability and modularity of the wavelength and fiber relative OXC.


Objective To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic post-conditioning,i.e.non-invasive distal limb ischemic post-conditioning(NDLIP)on the protection of neurological function and clinical prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Method Patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomized to either receive three 5-min cycles of ischemia consectively for three days by inflation of a cuff on the arms alternately to 200mmHg(intervention group)or to placebo(uninflated cuff)(control group).NIHSS and the serum C-reactive protein(CRP),D-dimer(D-D),Fibrinogen(FIB),glucose(Glu)were respectively measured at the time of hospitalization and the fourteenth day after hospitalization.Results NIHSS score and the level of CRP,D-D and FIB on 14d after hospitalization were significantly reduced in intervention group compared with those in control group(P0.01),and so did their subtractions of the scores at the time of hospitalization and 14d after hospitalization(P0.01).While the level of plasma glucose was not altered by NDLIP as compared with control group(P0.05).Conclusion NDLIP can facilitate the recovery of neurological function in patients with acute cerebral infarction,which might be related to the alterations of immunoresponse and fibrinolysis system induced by NDLIP and is simple and safe in clinical practice.


Over the past decade, there has been a rising interest in addressing knowledge indexing using word matching, demonstrated by the ever-increasing number of approaches. Research on the subject of word matching in handwritten documents has been an active research field, and substantial progress has been made in dominating scripts in recent years. However, a regional script like Gujarati still lacks research attention. This paper provides an overview of the published word spotting research efforts in handwritten as well as printed document images for Indian scripts. The major contribution of this paper is to provide a bird's eye view of the field and identify potential research gaps specifically for handwritten Gujarati word image matching.


This research made a survey and analysis on the use of environmental preservation cost in construction site according construction delivery type. In case of public construction project delivery site, the preservation cost of clean water is highest but in case of private construction project delivery, prevention cost of noise and vibration.


Distributed computing is a interesting and challenge problem. The multi-thread and independence on OS property of Java offer an perfect environment for distributed computing. The client can invocate the method of remote object by using Remote Method Invocation(RMI). This paper analyze the principle of java RMI and illustrate that this environment is efficient in distributed computing of heterogeneous complex systems.


Although data broadcast has been shown to be an efficient method for disseminating data items in a mobile computing system with large number of clients, the issue on how to ensure the data consistency observed by mobile transactions, which are generated by mobile clients, has been largely ignored by researchers in the area. While data items are being broadcast, update transactions may install new values for the data items. If the executions of update and broadcast of data items are interleaved without any control, the mobile transactions may observe inconsistent data values. In this paper, we propose a serialization checking method (SCM) for concurrency control between read-only mobile transactions and update transactions. SCM is based on the framework of an earlier algorithm, Update First with Ordering (UFO), but improves on that algorithm by reducing re-broadcast overhead when the probability of data conflict between updates and data broadcast is high. Simulation experiments have been performed to investigate the performance characteristics of the proposed method.


In this paper, we propose a new formulation for solving the channel assignment problem for Multi-cell WLANs as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The objective is to minimize the total interference seen by all Access Points (APs). The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it provides a global solution and at the same time guarantees non-overlapping channel assignment. The proposed channel assignment formulation can be used for different topologies of WLAN as demonstrated in the simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the pick-first greedy algorithm and the single channel assignment method. The proposed channel assignment technique reduces the total interference at all APs which leads to an improved throughput.


Quality measuring apparatus of the food according to the present invention includes an illumination unit that irradiates by switching the two kinds of light having different wavelength ranges with respect to food, by converting into an electric signal by receiving reflected light from said food, for the two kinds of an imaging unit that acquires respectively the two types of reflection image corresponding to light, the two types of reflected image in which the imaging unit is acquired, the density difference by calculating the difference or the fluorescence intensity of the density for each pixel an image calculating unit for obtaining an image or the fluorescence intensity image, the density difference image or the fluorescence intensity image in which and an output unit for outputting as a visible image, a. .FIELD 1


Economic factors and developments of information and communication technologies have forced SMEs to engage in new organizational structures. The emergent process- oriented collaborative networks require integration between distributed and heterogeneous infrastructures. The aim of this article is to present the approach for business process integration and management developed for the footwear sector within the scope of an EU project. Lessons learned and an agenda for future research work are then described. A brief overview of relevant enabling technologies is also made.


Iron overload is a potentially life-threatening consequence of multiple blood transfusions. Effective iron chelation therapy reduces morbidity and saves lives. Many patients are unable to comply with current treatments, deferoxamine (DFO) or deferiprone (L1), because they cannot tolerate the parenteral infusion regimen required for DFO, because of adverse events (AEs), or because they do not respond to treatment. The objective of the ESCALATOR trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of deferasirox, an investigational once-daily oral iron chelator in advanced clinical development, in reducing liver iron concentration (LIC) in patients with β-thalassemia unable to be properly treated with DFO and/or L1. During a 1-year treatment period, patients will receive deferasirox at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg. Reduction of LIC is the primary endpoint, as assessed by biopsy at baseline and study end. Secondary efficacy variables include serum ferritin (SF) and other potential surrogate markers of iron overload such as concentration of labile plasma iron (LPI) in a subgroup of patients. Safety assessments include AEs and comprehensive laboratory evaluations. To date, 232 patients have initiated treatment at seven centers in five countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Oman, Syria). Demographics, relevant medical history and baseline iron burden parameters are described in the table. Importantly, baseline SF values were significantly correlated with LIC ( R =0.63; P <0.0001). The last patient's last visit will be in June 2006.

| | Age 2 to <16 years (n=159) | Age ≥16 years (n=73) | All patients (n=232) |
|:---------------------------------------------:| -------------------------- | -------------------- | -------------------- |
| Mean ± SD; †n=14 |
| Female:male, n | 79:80 | 35:38 | 114:118 |
| Race (caucasian:oriental:other), n | 59:81:19 | 11:41:21 | 70:122:40 |
| BMI*, kg/m2 | 17.4 ± 2.6 | 21.6 ± 3.2 | 18.7 ± 3.4 |
| Weight*, kg | 29.4 ± 9.9 | 54.7 ± 9.7 | 37.3 ± 15.3 |
| Hepatitis B or C, n | 43 | 29 | 72 |
| Splenectomy, n | 46 | 53 | 99 |
| Transfusions in previous year*, n | 15.5 ± 4.5 | 14.3 ± 3.7 | 15.1 ± 4.3 |
| Total volume transfused in previous year*, mL | 5265 ± 2469 | 7446 ± 2953 | 5873 ± 2784 |
| Years on chelation therapy*, n | 6.2 ± 3.5 | 12.7 ± 4.8 | 8.2 ± 4.9 |
| Proportion of life on transfusion therapy*, % | 89.3 ± 13.9 | 89.0 ± 14.1 | 89.2 ± 14.0 |
| Liver pathology grading (modified HAI scale) |
|     Grade 0–6 | 143 | 64 | 207 |
|     Grade 7–12 | 4 | | 4 |
|     Grade 13–18 | | | |
| LIC, mg Fe/g dw |
|     Mean ± SD | 17.1 ± 8.5 | 20.0 ± 10.0 | 18.0 ± 9.1 |
|     Median (min, max) | 16.6 (2.9, 38.2) | 19.0 (2.9, 48.9) | 17.5 (2.9, 48.9) |
| SF, ng/mL |
|     Mean ± SD | 3957 ± 2342 | 4564 ± 4117 | 4148 ± 3019 |
|     Median (min, max) | 3356 (914, 13539) | 3335 (956, 23017) | 3346 (914, 23017) |
| LPI†,μmol/L |
|     Mean ± SD | - | - | 1.03 ± 0.80 |
|     Median (min, max) | - | - | 0.82 (0, 2.65) |

The ESCALATOR study cohort is a highly challenging population with varied chelation response and transfusion history. The magnitude of LIC and SF, which were well correlated, reflects the severity of iron overload in patients unable to maintain adequate chelation using DFO or L1. This study will provide important insights into the clinical management of iron overload with the well tolerated, once-daily oral iron chelator deferasirox in this difficult-to-treat population.


The aim of the present study was to develop a test protocol to identify potential risk factors for lower limb injuries during ballet jump landings. Two ballet dancers, a beginner level and an advanced level dancer, participated in the study. The dancers performed multiple Sautés in first position, Grand Jeté, and Grand Pas de Chat jump landings on a plantar pressure mat on top of a force platform. The participants wore ballet slipper thongs, while a three-segment kinematic model of the foot was used to provide a more detailed understanding of foot posture during landings, and to investigate how the dancers adapted to the high foot/ankle loadings. Potential risk factors were identified as high free moment peaks, high impact velocities, and improper technique with missing turnouts during landings. Furthermore, there seems a potential to distinguish between dancers' ability levels and associated injury risks.


This paper presents a method and environment for embedding the high-level manifestation of low-level (physical) faults into the behavioral software model in the form of in abstract reusable fault models. The main focus is on the application of intelligent data processing methods for extracting important phenomena from the observations in fault injection experiments.


The work of Robertson and Seymour implies that the disjoint paths problem is polynomial solvable for a fixed number of terminals. Even, Itai and Shamir showed that a weighted version of the problem is NP-hard even for a demand graph consisting of two edges. In the present paper, it is shown that the weighted disjoint paths problem is polynomial solvable for graphs embedded on a fixed surface and fixed demand graph. An alternative formulation of the problem is: given a graph G embedded in a plane with a certain number of forbidden regions, find a maximum weight collection of pairwise internally disjoint paths connecting nodes as specified by some fixed demand graph. The results imply that this problem is polynomial solvable if the number of forbidden regions is bounded. One consequence is the existence of a polynomial-time algorithm for finding a maximum collection of induced paths between specified nodes in a graph embedded on a fixed surface.


Smart Walkers are a category of robotic assistive devices particularly useful for the elderly. These systems help the users in locomotion and with respect to the classical walkers, reduce the risk of fall. This work presents a new system that has been developed using low-cost time of flight laser sensors in place of the more expensive laser scanners. Control of direction is performed by guiding the user by mean of brakes on the rear wheels. Other sensors include an inertial measurement unit with magnetometer and an interface with an external absolute localization system. Preliminary trials have been performed on a graphical and physical simulator implemented in the V-Rep framework.


This report is presented the design of an active antenna using conformal organic thin film diode for tuning the antenna gain. By using of coplanar waveguide excitation field provides enough electromotive voltage making the diode function as an active component loaded upon the proposed original slot antenna.


Novel advanced prostheses aim to improve the ambulation ability of lower-limb amputees by adapting the prosthesis mechanical behavior online during ambulation. Accurate force/torque sensing is necessary to measure the physical interaction between the user, the prosthesis, and the environment. Most available solutions consist of retrofitting an off-the-shelf load cell, which leads to suboptimal designs regarding weight and size, ultimately reducing the prosthesis usability. To address this limitation, we propose to instrument an existing prosthesis component, namely, a pyramid adapter, with force/torque sensing and an inertial measurement unit. Magnetic sensing of large structural deformations is used to improve system reliability and reduce costs. Testing shows that the proposed sensor prototype can sense up to 120 Nm and 2500 N of torque and force and has 2.1% and 8.3% nonlinearity, respectively, during walking. The total weight is 150 g—only 66 g more than a standard pyramid adapter without force/torque instrumentation. Amputee testing with robotic leg prosthesis is conducted to validate the instrumented pyramid in a case scenario.


With a description on the development of home and abroad water reuse status,starting fromthe significance of the water reuse,it analyzes the water reuse technology,explores twoi mportant constraintsintreatment costs and scale economies.Thus,it haslaid a foundation for perfecting urban water reuse system.


Abstract By means of solution treatment, microstructure observation and mechanical property measurement, the microstructure and tensile deformation features of tandem hot rolling GH4169 alloy have been investigated. Results shown that, after solution treatment and aging, large numbers of the spherical γ′ phase and the flat-ellipsoidal γ″ phase dispersedly precipitate in the matrix, and acicular or short rod-like δ-phase discontinuously distribute along grain boundaries. As the tensile temperatures increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy gradually decrease. The tensile deformation features of the alloy are that the twinning and slipping dislocations with double orientations are activated in the matrix. In the later tension, the deformed dislocations pile up near the grain boundary to induce initiation and propagation of cracks due to stress concentration.


Optical current sensors which exploit the Faraday effect have been intensively researched and developed for use in the power distribution industry for more than a decade [1–4].


We have evaluated the spin-wave stiffness parameter in nanoparticulate powders of Mg1−xZnxFe2O4 ( 0.0≤x≤0.6) mixed ferrites from magnetization data obtained at two different ranges of temperature: 5−300 K and 300−750 K. At the lower temperature range the T-dependence of the saturation magnetization, Ms, data could be fitted to the Bloch's law with T3/2. The spin-wave stiffness parameters D were determined from the coefficient of T3/2; being ∼132 and ∼86 meVA for x = 0.0 and 0.6, respectively, with the corresponding exchange constant JAB of ∼1.10 and ∼0.72 meV, respectively. The values of D determined from the experimental Curie temperature Tc were ∼212 and ∼163 meVA2 for x = 0.0 and 0.6, respectively, with the corresponding exchange constant JAB of ∼1.77 and ∼1.30 meV. The difference in both JAB and D values obtained from the coefficient of T3/2 and from Tc may be attributed to the fact that the magnetic measurements were performed at a different range of temperatures. The results are discussed in terms o...


This article aims to analyze the activity of the Parliament of Catalonia in driving forward the process of normalization of the Catalan language during the first seven legislative sessions of the Catalan Parliament after this institution was resuscitated in 1980. This paper reviews the ensemble of booster initiatives - motions and resolutions - having to do with the Catalan language passed by the Catalan Parliament from 1980 to the end of the seventh legislative session in 2006. In total, 26 years during which the Chamber has acted as an active, not passive, agent, of the language policy of the Catalan government. That has been reflected through parliamentary activity to move forward on the language question, which has entailed an increasing use, in two ways, of the instruments provided for this purpose in the Parliamentary Regulations. One has been quantitative, through a palpable increase in the number of motions and resolutions passed over these seven legislative periods to address various aspects connected with the Catalan language. The other has been qualitative, by dealing with issues of language normalization that have advanced in parallel with the formulation, implementation, restructuring and evaluation of the government's language policy. In this context, parliamentary interest in language issues over seven legislative sessions has moved towards the implementation and development of a protective legal framework. This is because the precepts articulated in the Language Normalization and Language Policy Acts of 1983 and 1998, respectively, do not exhaust the possibilities of governmental action. This governmental action is complemented through the stimulation the Parliament brings to bear on the Executive branch. As is obvious, the need to achieve the normalization of a language such as Catalan is not satisfied by the mere passage of laws that set forth guidelines for development. The more than 100 motions and resolutions passed during the period under study bear witness to this development. Initially, the booster initiatives from the first legislative sessions contained guidelines or instructions having to do with actions typical of a preliminary stage of structuring the normalization. Later initiatives incorporated mandates and instructions aimed at pushing for more precise actions, in order to resolve more specific issues. In summary, this paper reflects the salient contributions of the Parliament to one of the most important political and social undertakings of Catalonia in recent years: the process of normalizing the Catalan language.


This appendix section of the book on The Septuagint's Translation of the Hebrew Verbal System in Chronicles contains six tables. The first two tables give the breakdown of the narrative verb forms in Hebrew and Greek and their corresponding forms in the other language. The third and fourth tables give the breakdown of the reported speech main clause verb forms in Hebrew and Greek and their corresponding forms in the other language. The fifth and sixth tables give the breakdown of the subordinate clause verb forms in Hebrew and Greek and their corresponding forms in the other language.Keywords: chronicles; Greek; Hebrew verbal system; narrative verb forms; speech main clause verb forms; subordinate clause verb forms


An investigation was carried out during 2007–08 to find out the rodent species composition in rural and commercial food grain storages in Jorhat, Assam. All together five species associated with stored rice grain were identified belonging to the family Muridae. They were Rattus rattus (Linnaeus), Rattus sikkimensis Hinton, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout), Bandicota bengalensis bengalensis (Gray) and Mus musculus castaneus Waterhouse. Of them R. rattus was predominant both in rural (40.95%) and commercial (32.29%) grain storage followed by Bandicota bengalensis bengalensis which was recorded 25.06% and 29.80% in rural and commercial godowns, respectively. The species composition in rural grain storages were R. rattus (40.95%), R. sikkimensis (9.05%), B. bengalensis bengalensis (25.06%) and M. musculus castaneus (24.94%) while in commercial godowns were R. rattus (32.29%), R. sikkimensis (4.84%), R. norvegicus (12.82%), B. bengalensis bengalensis (29.80%) and M. musculus castaneus (21.26%). R. norvegicus was recorded only in urban commercial grain storage.


The main objective of this study was to clarify the portfolio return and risk of cumulative formation algorithm using the random walk model. The research is due to the nature of the field and the library. Research is from the target application. In terms of library research methods, descriptive view of the nature and method of research is the modeling and optimization. In terms of research, data collection Ali places the events of the past because the information is used. The study sample listed companies Tehran Stock Exchange (318) is based on a random sample of 174 companies have been selected. Due to the risk and performance model of particle swarm algorithm is put in. The basket 200 is considered the 20 categories, each category and for each portfolio consists of 10 portfolio risk, the yield was determined. The results below are based on the assumption that the efficiency of particle swarm algorithm selection retarded portfolios random selection difference there has been significant acceptance and evaluation of the amount of placental more efficient portfolio selection algorithm, particle swarm. This hypothesis is based on the particle swarm algorithm retarded selected portfolio risk and there is a random selection is accepted and assessed value pairs lower risk portfolio selection method is the particle swarm algorithm.


Abstract Revision of the Cuban species of Thelypteris, subgenus Amauropelta, section Amauropelta (Thelypteridaceae) resulted in a new species, Thelypteris basisceletica, characterized by subpetiolate laminae and up to 28 reduced proximal pinnae, which are deeply lobed and laciniate, with the lobes spreading, and proximally skeletal. In addition, we make the new combination, T. balbisii var. longipilosa. Illustrations as well as a key for the identification of the seven Cuban species in this group are also presented.


The hypothalamic-pituitary regulation of TSH secretion in vivo during aging was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Parameters that were assessed include the circadian pattern of serum TSH, changes in plasma TSH after iv or pituitary administration of TRH at several dosages, and the possible influence of circulating levels of corticosterone, T3, and T4 on pituitary sensitivity to TRH-mediated TSH secretion. Concentrations of circulating TSH, serum T3, and T4 were determined by RIA. The fractions of T3 and T4 not bound to serum proteins (free T3 and T4) were determined by equilibrium dialysis. The concentration of serum corticosterone was assayed fluorometrically. The principal findings are as follows. 1) The circadian periodicity of serum TSH in 2-month-old rats, characterized by a zenith at 1000 h and a nadir at 2200 h, is progressively abolished by 24 months of age, whereas the average serum TSH concentration remains unchanged during this portion of the lifespan. In contrast, the circadian periodicity...


The new tuberculin reactions have opened up a wide field in connection with both theory and practice and have revived the discussion of many questions that had come to a standstill. I do not regard it as my task now to take up all of the theoretical questions; the lack of space would preclude this. I shall occasionally refer to the papers in which those interested may find further data that may interest them. I believe it would be best to pick out a few practical questions and try to come to a conclusion concerning them. Recently a number of new tuberculin reactions have been placed at our disposal for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. A large amount of literature has followed the first publication about these matters, a great part of which is worthless because of an insufficient knowledge of the fundamental basis of the reactions on the part of


Term "glitch" is used in English language for identifying any visible or audible malfunction of any device. Glitch art can be described in several ways: as a set of practices aimed at obtaining or modeling errors or aestheticization as digital or analog error. This article describes the modern critical theory and practice of glitch art. Mostly, conceptual description of glitch art are focused on the critical potential of this form of art. Glitch art is supposed to criticize digital capitalism or information society. M. Betancourt conducting a detailed analysis of glitch art as a specific form of criticism in his article «Critical Glitches and Glitch Art». Different understanding of how criticism is possible within the glitch art shows us that there are problems of a theoretical nature, which will constantly ask artists for new solutions. The relationship of society and the arts, in which the society seeks to neutralize or subdue the critical potential of art was described by Theodor Adorno in "Aesthetic Theory". Following by the issues actualized by Adorno, Michael Betancourt tries to offer a way out of the current state of glitch art in two complementary ways. Firstly, he offers artists pay more attention to the theory in general and to the theory of glitch art. Second, he points to the impossibility of immanent critique, embodied in the form of the «glitch». The critical sense is born only in the interpretation of works by audience. The objective of glitch art is to find ways of creating such art objects that are detecting political, economic and social relations behind the phenomenon of digital media, that focuses on the ideology. There are two different glitched strategies of deconstruction of video games made by two different artists. Untitled Game (Eng., «Nameless Game») a project of the artistic group Jodi, 2001. The game is represented by 11 modifications of first-person shooter «Quake 1" (1996, ID Software). The modifications are consists in the fact that the player does not see the familiar interface and graphics, all he is offered abstract images, sounds from the original game and some graphics artifacts. Another artist Corey Archangel exploited cartridge schemes of the game «Super Mario Brothers», thus making a new version of this game that has been stripped of all the classic game elements «Super Mario Clouds». Michael Betancourt proposes to distinguish between these two games according to their functionality. If «Untitled Game» dysfunctional, then «Supermario Brothers Clouds» afunctional. The study of «glitches» makes a possibility of a critical look at how modern society is constructed and it is affected by digital technology. Key words: glitch art, digital culture, critical theory.


Can developing countries affect the variance of real imports solely by altering the way debt service is paid? The answer, says the author, is a qualified yes. The presumption that fixed rate debt is less risky than flexible rate debt is historically inaccurate as a general proposition. Using annual data for 1970-90, the author shows that for many developing countries, flexible rate borrowing actually reduced net risk - whether debt service payments were indexed to nominal interest rates or to inflation in industrial countries. The covariance terms are larger and more often positive with inflation than with nominal interest rates. The author presents a macro model of the industrial countries to organize thoughts about the comovements of these variables in response to shocks. The terms of trade of developing countries are linked to this model by the assumption that the level of demand in industrial countries positively affects the terms of trade in developing countries. The worst case scenarios for developing countries is flexible interest rate borrowing combined with monetary contraction in the industrial world, which raises nominal interest rates, reduces inflation, and worsens the terms of trade of developing countries. To the extent that developing countries want to avoid this scenario, borrowing at either fixed interest rates or inflation indexed rates would be preferable to borrowing at flexible nominal interest rate. To reduce risk, countries should seek debt contracts in which debt service payments vary positively with their terms of trade. Results indicate that inflation indexed debt is most desirable on this score. The author examines only extreme options, with all debt of one type. The optimal strategy would probably entail all three kinds of borrowing. And the paper does not examine options for efficient international risk sharing.


This work studies the æthiology of the most severe injury in the Portuguese female handball population. It follows three main lines of research that interact among themselves. A first one attempts to characterise the injury incidence and profile of this population. About 1/3 of all the female federated handball players (older than 12 years) were sampled retrospectively and/or prospectively throughout 3 sport seasons. The main conclusion is that ACL ruptures are, among the severe injuries, the most occurring ones. A second one attempts to compare statistically the muscular force changes and the ACL injury risk. We measured some isokinetic muscular force indicators in the various subgroups (by age, years of practice, playing position, laterality, etc.) and accounted for all previous ACL injuries in these same subgroups. In some cases a few players being followed suffered ACL injuries during the study and constitute themselves as a prospective component of this study. A small correlation (≈60%) could be established between these indicators and the ACL injury risk. A strong predictor is the hamstrings peak torque. Also measured was the jumping performance that revealed as having little correlation with the knee laxity. A third one consisted in a comparison of the monthly changes in the serum hormonal contents of a few players (with and without usage of oral contraceptives) with both the lower limb muscular strength and the anterior knee laxity. Only a faint correlation (≈50%-60%) could be seen between the hormonal levels and the knee laxity, with no relevance of the jump performance. Improvement in knee laxity in those using OCs could be seen in non-athletes but not in handball players. These findings are mainly negative results but are strong enough for building the hypothesis of a decisive role of the practice load on the risk and prevention of ACL injuries.


In this research aims to see the difference of mathematical problem solving students with Guided Inquiry learning model and Means Ends Analysis (MEA) learning model. This research was a quasi-experimental research in SMPN 14 Kota Bengkulu. The population of this research is all of VIII class students, with the sample of research is VIII I class as the experimental class I that given using guided inquiry model treatment, students of class VIII 3 as the experimental class II that given Means Ends Analysis model treatment, students of class VIII 2 as the control class that given conventional model treatment. The data collection of students result study using mathematical problem solving skills test consists of pre-test and post-test. The data obtained were analyzed using one path ANAVA and continued with BNT test. Based on the ANAVA result there is a difference between students' mathematical problem solving abilities in experimental class I, experimental class II and control class. From the BNT test that the treatment between experimental class I given the Guided Inquiry, Experimental class II treatment given the Means Ends Analysis  treatment no difference in mathematical problem solving ability, while experimental class I (Guided Inquiry) with control and experimental class II Means Ends Analysis with the control there is a difference in problem solving abilities mathematically and the highest average score was obtained in the students treated with the Guided Inquiry model.  Keywords : Ability of Mathematical Problem Solving Students, Guided Inquiry Model, Means Ends Analysis Model


In any prolonged computation it is generally assumed that the accumulated effect of roundoff errors is in some sense statistical.
The purpose of this paper is to give precise descriptions of certain probabilistic models for roundoff error, and then to describe a series of experiments for testing the validity of these models.
It is concluded that the models are in general very good. Discrepancies are both rare and mild.
The test techniques can also be used to experiment with various types of special arithmetic.


The article presents some results of foreign studies on the role of family factors in the development of delinquent behavior in children. The analysis showed the prevalence of spiritual and social well-being over the material conditions and the family structure in the formation of pro-social personality.


The quark-gluon plasma in thermodynamic equilibrium is reviewed. The phase diagram of quark hadron phase transition and the color superconducting phases of quark-gluon matter are discussed. The lattice QCD results on the order of the phase transition. We discuss some aspects of atomic Fermi gas in the unitary limit in the first order transition. We consider the equation of state and the critical temperature for pair condensation. The strongly interacting phase transition (Quark-Hadron phase transition) also discussed.


The 8th Conference of the European Society for Prevention Research (EUSPR) was held in Vienna between 20 and 22 September 2017. As reported previously in Drugnet Ireland,1 the EUSPR was established to promote 'the development of prevention science, and its application to practice so as to promote human health and well-being through high quality research, evidence based interventions, policies and practices'.2 The cornerstones of its work are a cross-disciplinary network of scientists, policy-makers and practitioners; the development of methodologies; the promotion of higher education and career development in prevention; and the implementation of research.

The conference theme for 2017 was 'Quality in Prevention' and plenary speakers addressed a range of topics on the theme,3 including:

How to attain and maintain quality in an evidence-based programme
The implementation of suicide prevention in existing measures of addiction prevention
How to support a professional culture of quality in prevention
What are the consequences of prevention polices?
Rethinking the dynamics of primary prevention: mobilisation, implementation, and embeddedness in open systems


The utility model discloses a laminating machine of a cooling-type three-cavity energy-saving solar cell module, and the laminating machine comprises a feeding level, a laminating level, a solidifying level, a cold-pressing level and a discharging level which are sequentially arrayed, wherein the cold-pressing level comprises a frame body and a lower chamber installed below the frame body; two sides and middle of the bottom of the lower chamber are provided with a lower chamber vacuum orifice and a low-temperature circulating water inlet and outlet respectively; two sides of the frame body are provided with two groups of jacking devices and an upper chamber connected to the jacking devices; the upper chamber is provided with an upper chamber vacuum orifice; the upper chamber vacuum orifice and the lower chamber vacuum orifice are connected with an outside vacuum pump through pipes; and the low-temperature circulating water inlet and outlet is connected with an outside water cooling machine through a pipe. According to the laminating machine, since the component laminating method of three-level and three-cavity simultaneous partition work is adopted, the laminating period of solar cell modules can be shortened greatly and the aim of high efficiency and energy conservation can be achieved. In addition, the low-temperature cold-pressing level is mainly used for enabling the module to be cooled steadily under compression so as to ensure the flatness of the module.


Head of "Boss" Tweed sticking out of jail wall and his feet out another wall.
Drawing by Thomas Nast.
Illus. in: Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 1872 Jan. 6, p. 13.
Ref. copy may be in LOT 4405 (1872).
This record contains unverified data from caption card.
Caption card tracings: Politics, Corruption in; NY NYC Hist.; Cartoons, US Jan. 1872; Prisons...; BI; Artists, Publ I.; Graft...; Tweed, William Morcy, 1823-1878; Shelf.


A feedwater hydrazine treatment system has been developed, adjusted, and put into operation. The basic elements of this system are the jet pumps and the jet mixing chambers. The results of commercial tests are presented. It was established that intensification of mass exchange in processes makes it possible to considerably improve the quality and efficiency of feedwater hydrazine treatment at thermal power stations.


Based upon investigation of premature deterioration situations of bridge deck pavement in expressway,from two aspects: design and construction reasons caused the premature deterioration of bridge deck pavement are analyzed,at the same time combined with construction experiences some improvement and prevention measures are proposed,in order to ensure engineering quality and ensure driving safety.


Objective –The sports facilities provided are not fully utilized, misused, unprotected, and not maintained by the responsible parties. Most studies indicate sports facilities face numerous facilities management (FM) issues owing to weakness of current operating systems such as financial factor, lack of qualify staff, efficient and quality management operations, optimisation of operation, and safety issues. The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategic indicators for strategic intervention for improving the performance of sports facilities management in Malaysia by initially identifying what the critical considerations. Methodology. The data for this preliminary study was obtained from random samples of 44 respondents involving FM representative from various stadium in Malaysia. The data will initially analysed using SPSS statistical software for factor analysis. The reliability and validity data of the instruments were assessed by experts from academia and the industry. The reliability and validity data of the instruments were assessed by experts from academia and the industry.
Findings research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on FM by identifying the relationship between FM performance and strategic intervention.
Implications Finally, in order to develop strategic intervention conceptual model toward sports facilities management performance will to be involved in all the strategy phases of the organisation.


Due to the disadvantage of the traditional proppant, such as the low strength, poor acid corrosion resistance, embedding and flowback and so on, a new coated proppant was developed to deal with these problems. As the coating material, the natural gel was used to coat proppant. Different from the traditional mechanical mixing method, the means to make coated ceramic was the solvent dispersion method through the process of emulsification, cross-linking and dehydration dispersion. The strength of coated proppant was tested in different coated conditions. According to the result of test, the ceramic was coated under the optimum condition. Then the roundness, sphericity, acid solubility, crush resistance and surface structure of coated ceramic were compared with the uncoated ceramic. The experimental results showed that the optimal condition was as follows: 0.08 g/ml of gel concentration, 15/2 of ceramic/gel (g/g), 0.025 g/ml of emulsifier concentration, 20min of emulsifying time, 1/10 of water/oil rate. The coated ceramic prepared at this condition had the best performance, compared with the common ceramic, and its sphericity and acid solubility were greatly improved, bulk density reduced 7%. And the proppant surface was very smooth, the crush resistance was almost zero.


This research was aimed at identifying the influence of (1) investment on economic growth, and (2) economic growth on revenues of Muara Enim Country. The secondary data consisted of those collected from Central Statistics Bureau, Bank  of Indonesia, Investment Board, other agencies; they dealt with the data on investments, regional revenues, gross regional domestic products, and economic growth by district in the country. The research results show that the investment elasticity on the economic growth pointed at 0.58%. In case the investment changed into 1%, this means that the elasticity increased by 0.58%. The elasticity of the economic growth to revenues was -0.21%. In other words, if the economic growth increased by 1%, the revenues decreased by -0.21%. Districts of Semende Darat Laut, Lawang Kidul, Muara Enim, Talang Ubi and Gelumbang were identified as the areas that experienced the economic growth. To enable each district to make significant economic growth, generate incomes for the citizens, more jobs. The Country Government is recommended to implement strategic plans. The strategies include the development of human resources quality, and efficient policies on investments, trade, infrastructure building, agencies. These policies should be managed in an integrated way in order to ensure overall regional development and social welfare of the citizens. Keywords: Growth Centre, Investment, Economic Growth, Revenues


OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effects of DanHong injection on vascular dementia mice and its mechanism.METHODS Male SD rats were randomly allocated into sham operation group(SO),operation group(PO),DanHong treatment group(DHT),Morris water maze test was performed.Concentrations of malondialdehyde,glutamic acid and GSH-PX activity of cerebral tissue of different groups rats were determined at the end of experiment.RESULTS The average escape latency of PO rats was significantly longer than the other groups during platform orientation test(P0.05),the probe time of the PO group was much shorter than SO during spatial probe test(P0.01).Malondialdehyde,glutamic acid concentrations of cerebral tissue of PO were significant higher than those of SO,DHT(P0.01).The GSHPX activity of PO was much lower than that of SO,DHT(P0.01).CONCLUSION DanHong injection could treat vascular dementia by inhibiting lipid peroxidation reaction and release of excitatory amino acids and protecting enzymatic activity.


Institutional design of political power is a vital element to democratic stability. It emerges based on set of practices, experiences, will and consensus to make constitutional change in order to establish political order and democratic longevity. The emergence of Fifth Republics in French is an exemplar of how a combination of republican ideals, political leadership and constitutional awareness successfully conveyes French from the accut political crises and establishes the best semi-presidential system in Europe.


The present study was carried out to evaluate the dehydration characteristics of garlic treated by using different methods. The effect of pretreatments viz. control (without any treatment), sample blanched in hot water at a temperature of 80–85°C for a duration of 5 min. and sample treated with 0.5% sodium metabisulphite for a duration of 20 minutes and dehydration methods viz. open sun drying, solar cabinet drying, electric tray drying, microwave oven drying was studied. The results of the study showed that the product quality of blanched sample for 55°C and sodium metabi-sulphite treated sample for 65°C in electric tray dryer was best, as compared to rest of the samples.


This paper reviews recent developments in three areas of law that affect National Information Policies - copyright, Freedom of Information, and data protection. In the case of copyright, the roles of international agencies such as WIPO and the World Trade Organization, and of the European Union only are considered. These are the bodies that have most influence on developments in the law of copyright worldwide. In the case of the other legal areas, significant developments in major countries in the world are considered. The problems caused by the differences between the USA and the EU approaches to data protection are highlighted, and examples of good practice in Freedom of Information and data protection legislation are highlighted.