The problem of how to design a controller for multirobot to form a formation under a slipping condition is discussed.The slipping phenomenon would lead the robot to deviate from its normal trajectory,and lead the performance of a controller designed under an idea condition to become worse,or even lead the robot to run out of control.Robot can adaptive a more common environment under a control algorithm proposed with the considering of the affection of slipping,and this algorithm can enhance the robot's practical applications.The leader-follower based strategy is selected to coordinate the robots' movement.The leader robot's trajectory should be designed according to the task beforehand,and the follower robots are steered to follow the leader robot for some distance and bearing angle.Some dynamic equations of a single robot under a slipping condition are deduced according to the robot's character,and according which a two-robot formation equation is derived based on the distance-angle model.A formation controller is proposed based on the second order sliding mode control algorithm,which forces the two robots to form a desired formation.Matlab simulations are presented to valid the algorithm proposed.Theory deduction and simulation results illustrate that the formation model proposed can describe the dynamics of the robots under a slipping condition accurately,and the second order sliding mode formation algorithm has good performance in anti-disturbance and applications.


Abstract The infrared spectra of a series of crystalline sulfate-apatites of the type AI 3MII 2(SO4)3X are presented and discussed. It is demonstrated that the sulfate groups are not greatly distorted in these compounds.


A detailed study of the di-boson Monte Carlo programs Pythia, MC@NLO and the program of Baur, Han and Ohnemus (BHO) is performed. None of these programs cover all aspects of di-boson production. The BHO code is used to produce event weights emulating anomalous triple gauge couplings in Pythia and MC@NLO events. In the same way, boson spin information which is missing for most di-boson channels in MC@NLO can be introduced as well. This weighting code can be used to study systematic effects related to various aspects of the Monte Carlo generators, e.g. parton distribution functions. A detailed study comparing distributions of event samples generated with these three generators shows a nice agreement for events without jets. Some differences between the three samples are observed for events with jets. Most of these differences can be attributed to the different ways of jet production in the three programs.


Semiconductor nano-spintronics requires combining magnetism and nanoelectronics functions into a single semiconductor nanostructure. An attractive method consists in preparing diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS), where hole-mediated ferromagnetism appears with p-type doping. II-VI DMS allow to control separately the carriers and the Mn concentrations, since the Mn ions are not electrical dopants. II-VI semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are a model system offering the possibility to engineer the wavefunction and the strain in well-chosen heterostructures containing the magnetic impurities. This requires an optimal growth of NW-based heterostructures, and the possibility to control the doping level, which is a major challenge in present NW research. In this context, my PhD project has been devoted to three main investigation axis: the growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of Au-catalyzed ZnTe NWs, the control of the aspect ratio of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) embedded in ZnTe NWs, and the nitrogen doping of ZnTe NW.Concerning the growth of ZnTe NWs, the problem of an incubation time different from NW to NW has been studied using a marker technique. A new method involving the preparation of Au catalyst under Zn flux has been demonstrate to efficiently suppress differences in the incubation times, reducing the length dispersion in the same sample to factor of 2 instead of 10 and improving the yield of vertical NWs of 80% instead of 20%. Complementary XRD experiments gave further information about the importance of the relative orientation between the Au catalysts and the ZnTe(111)B growth substrate.The aspect ratio of CdTe QDs is an important way to control the QD ground state (between light hole and heavy hole). This can be achieved by changing the growth time of the QDs, but requires (1) the suppression of the lateral growth (giving parasitic QDs) and (2) reproducibility from a sample to another which relies on a precise control of the growth temperature within a very narrow window of 10° C. This was demonstrated in our growth conditions with a coupled study of growth of multi-QD-NW CdTe-ZnTe heterostructures and transmission electron microscopy characterization.Then the results of the growth by molecular beam epitaxy and characterization of nitrogen doped ZnTe/ZnTe:N core/shell NWs will be presented. Single NW based field effect transistor were realized by electron beam lithography for electrical characterization. We were able to obtain ZnTe/ZnTe:N core/shell NWs showing a p-type carrier density of 6 ×18 holes/cm3 at room temperature, of the same order as the Mott critical density in ZnTe.


When researchers try to characterize the role of peer influences in child development, they find themselves caught between two extremes. Five decades ago, the dominant position was that the role of peers was almost negligible. The important influences that shaped children's development were all considered to come from adults, and mainly from parents and teachers. There was little empirical research on the developmental impact of peers. For the most part, children's relationships with other children were considered to be outcomes of healthy development and diagnostic indicators of their social functioning. This position has been almost completely reversed in recent years. Today, parents and teachers seem to be convinced that peer relationships exert strong effects on children's academic motivation, their behavior in the classroom, and their academic success. Researchers have re-discovered theorists' claims that relationships with age-mates constitute important socialization influences (e.g., Baldwin, Piaget, Vygotski), and have come to re-appreciate the corresponding empirical contributions from the 1930s (e.g., Sherif, Parten, Moreno; see Renshaw, 1981). Today, some theorists even insist that the most important bonds shaping children's development are with peers and that influences from adults are comparably small (e.g., Harris, 1998). Consistent with such claims, studies continue to reveal strong correlations between children and their peers, and experimental studies document the potential causal influences from peers. Amid these extremes, some researchers point out the need for a more balanced position (Berndt & Murphy, 2002; Jaccard, Blanton, & Dodge, 2005;


A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Tabu Search (HPSOTS) algorithm is proposed for generating fuzzy systems. The algorithm dynamically generates the fuzzy rule base according to different environments. At each step of PSO, we calculate the current solution and seek the best nearby solution by Tabu search. The tabu list records the final movements visited by the TS algorithm and speeds up the convergence to global optimum. This operation minimizes the number of generations and computation time while maintaining accuracy. The algorithm was tested to generate fuzzy rule base for two nonlinear systems. A comparison with other methods in the literature demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Citizen as the main body of the consumption in sports goods market in our country, of which consumption structure, consumption level, consumption, consumption idea and consumption action influence and constrain the development of sports good market in large extent. At present, sports goods consumption structure is much simple and level is lower. The main cause of this phenomenon is citizens' much weaker economy base. Another is a large connection with theirs consumption idea, outlook in sports and socialized sports.


PURPOSE
To develop visualization techniques to facilitate easy assessment of (a) registration and (b) tracking volumetric changes in structures during radiation therapy from MRI.

METHOD
The frequently used method for visualizing registrations between scans is a multi-color overlay technique or deformation vector fields. However, the overlay technique is unintuitive and does not help to appreciate the quality of registration particularly when the registration mismatches are not very large. Similarly, the deformation fields give an indication of extent of deformation but do not help to assess the differences in registration. We present a mirroring and edge-augmented mirroring technique that places the fixed and moving image next to each other and allows the user to quickly assess the small differences in registration. Next, we present a volumetric intersection based 3D model to visualize the changes in diseased lymph node volumes in head and neck cancer. 3D model-based visualization provides more information about the location-specific changes in volume rather than the simplistic one dimensional information obtained from 2D plot of nodal volume changes.

RESULT
We show results comparing our approach with the standard colorbased overlay method for comparing registrations of intra-patient registrations using T2-MRI. Upon comparing the mirroring technique with the color-overlay, one can more easily appreciate the differences in registration. Adding edge-based mirroring seems to further assist in evaluating the registration. Our approach for viewing registrations seems to be more intuitive and easy to use in order to help assess the quality of registration compared to color-based overlays. Similarly, the change volumetric model together with a 2D plot reveals more information including the locations undergoing changes and responding to treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
Better approaches are necessary for assessing the quality of registrations and changes in diseased structures over time. Our approach presents some novel visualization solutions for registration and segmentation.


In particular we have {Pi, Pj} = {Qi, Qj} = 0 {Pi, Qj} = δij . It happens that it is not exactly the definitions of the Pi andQi which is important, but the relations above. Indeed, a change of coordinates P ′(P,Q), Q′(P,Q) will give rise to the same motion equations if and only if P ′ and Q′ satisfy the relations above. In quantum mechanics it is essentially the same situation. We have a selfadjoint operator H (the Hamiltonian) which describes all the evolution of the system via the Schrödinger equation


(57) Abstract: image of the image sequence is binarized by the application of a threshold value calculation. Moments of the individual segments of each individual binary image of 2 Shingaoku sequence is detected to a predetermined dimension. Parameters are detected from the moment the parameter representing the spatial position and rotational position of the segment. Based on these parameters and moment, the rotational position is detected and marked and their spatial location. By applying the chitin carrying arrangement of the marking in marked object, the rotational position is determined with the spatial position of the subsequently marked object.


The invention discloses an extracting method of pectin from sweet potato slag, which comprises the following steps: using alpha-amylase to decompose starch; proceeding acid extraction; condensing pectin solution; sedimenting; drying; manufacturing the dried powder into product with different shapes and high purity; fitting for functional food or additive.


The world's largest suspended span rests on large concrete caissons, 229 ft by 129 ft in plan. These are founded at a depth of 105 ft below sea level on a sand-gravel stratum and at a depth of 270 ft on a compact granular stratum, respectively. The outer walls are 5 ft thick, the interior walls are 3 ft and 4 ft thick. The bottom of the walls is heavily armored with structural steel to form cutting edges. The caisson is topped by a 4-ft thick distribution slab. Two granite-faced pedestals support the steel tower. The anchorages are large blocks of concrete resting on shallow spread footings. A judiciously selected construction sequence balanced anchorage loads with cable pull to control soil pressures. Extensive soils explorations provided basic information on stratification and character of underlying soils. Laboratory soils tests permitted evaluation of expected settlements of tower foundations and anchorages and of a sliding friction factor for design of the anchorages.


The domestic construction industry is experiencing great changes; it is becoming developed on a larger scale, specialized to a high degree and rapidly incorporating with other industries. This development has resulted in higher demand of construction industry. Accordingly, the transparency and an objective method of evaluation in the process of projects in the construction industry are gaining more importance. Clients' and customers' needs also require more specific objective evaluation to find whether their projects are successfully performed or not. This study includes the qualitative evaluation items and analyzes the problems in the current evaluation system, which is composed of evaluation criteria, items and methods. It also suggests the improved ways to apply to construction projects effectively on the premise that reliable post-evaluation system is hardly found in the construction industry.


This article in the form of an enquiry attempts to follow the track opened by the French Oulipian Francois Le Lionnais and taken up again by Umberto Eco, according to which the only hypothesis left by the novel of detection is when the culprit happens to be the reader. In fact, two authors have now filled in this gap: Peter Lovesey with "Youdunnit" (1989) and Max Dorra with "Vous permettez que je vous dise tue" (1999).


ABSTRACT In recent years, hyperspectral target detection methods have been widely used in military or civilian fields. Many high-performance hyperspectral target detection methods have been proposed, and tensor decomposition-based methods have attracted the attention of researchers. However, the non-uniqueness of tensor rank and the interference of noise will reduce the effect of target detection. In order to solve these problems, a sparse and spectral smooth regularized low-rank tensor decomposition method for hyperspectral target detection is proposed in this paper. The proposed method adds the low-rank regularization to the factor matrix of the tensor decomposition framework, which can reduce the adverse effect of information redundancy on the detection effect of the algorithm. Furthermore, the spectral smooth regularization is added to the spectral factor matrix to suppress noise and the sparse regularization is added to the core tensor to solve the problems of non-uniqueness of the Tucker tensor decomposition, which can improve the effect of target detection. On this basis, it simplifies the calculation process and reduces the complexity of the algorithm by using the conjugate gradient algorithm and the tensor Kronecker product. In this paper, the algorithm is tested on four real hyperspectral data sets and compared with six state-of-the-art algorithms. The experimental results show that targets detected by the proposed method are more obvious and the background is more pure.


Research, education and capacity building were the foci of a ZEF-led project carried out in the Aral Sea region from 2002 to 2012. The project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF), conducted with the support of UNESCO, and in cooperation with the State University of Urgench and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) at the University of Würzburg. Around 100 international researchers from the natural, social and economic sciences have conducted interdisciplinary, implementation-oriented research in close cooperation with local partners and stakeholders over the past decade. T he region of research is Khorezm – a province in northwest Uzbekistan, located approximately 250 km upstream of the present shores of the Aral Sea. Uzbekistan has a continental arid climate, making irrigation a necessity for agricultural production. Thus, an area of around 265,000 ha in Khorezm is equipped with irrigation and drainage infrastructures. The efficiency, appropriateness and productivity of ZEF Editorial H ow mobile is humankind? This question goes beyond the usual discourse about global networks and the fast developing cyber space. The question of mobility is pivotal with regard to development processes and the implementation of development policy since it relates to how mobile people are, and how much space the state allows its citizens for changing their social and spatial positions. The combination of social and spatial mobility is an indication of the extent to which people are able to cope with the challenges of daily life and to develop themselves. Social inequalities, knowledge barriers and political marginalization pose barriers to mobility. Caste systems, gender barriers or class constraints, to name a few examples, not only impede access to infrastructure but also affect people's social mobility. Thus, mobility refers to a society's potential to change. ZEF recognizes the important role mobility plays in contemporary development research. Mobility is one of the strategic themes on ZEF's research agenda and an issue in many ZEF projects, such as in 'Crossroads Asia: Conflict – Migration-Development', a project investigating the relationship between mobility and social change. The impact of climate change on migration is one of the research questions in the WASCAL project, and the MARGIP project is seeking solutions for overcoming marginalization and poverty. A changing world can only be understood through enhanced study of the opportunities and constraints of mobility. ZEF cooperated intensively with local partners in Uzbekistan.


A method of dissolving oil bitumen product, the method comprising dissolving the above oil was added a combination of bitumen, characterized in that the dissolved composition comprising: Part (a) predominantly hydrocarbon by at least 70%, preferably at least 80% (by weight) aryl aromatic hydrocarbons and alkyl aromatic compound, the alkyl part is C (b) consisting essentially of alkyl unsubstituted or substituted quinoline and isoquinoline, the alkyl portion is (a) C and (b) the weight ratio of 97.5 / 2.5 to 75/25, preferably 97/3 to 90/10.


This paper presents an application of the wavelet-neural network based method for Vietnamese speech recognition. The wavelet transform is used to extract features of analyzed speech signals that are related to the formants and pitch periods of speech signals. Then based on extracted features, a neural network is used for matching recognition. The practical model for the application is a robot arm with five motors and five joints. The result of the robot control is also demonstrated with Vietnamese speech through some fundamental commands for the testing of the proposed approach. The programs used for the interfacing between the robot and PC are written in Matlab 5.3 and Turbo C ++ languages.


XML has become an important format for exchange data. Ranking of XML search results directly relates to XML information retrieval performance. Most of the existing ranking models consider words statistical characteristics in the XML document, but they do not consider position of the node a word belongs to. That is to say, all of nodes in XML document have the equal importance. However, different node plays different role in the entire XML document. So, the same content in different node should have different weight. It means different nodes should have different node semantic weight. In this paper, we present a VSM based method for XML node semantic weight (XNSW-VSM), which is scaled by the similarity between the node and the whole document. Experiment data were selected from Wiki data sets. The Pearson correlation coefficient between semantic results given by experts and the model results is 0.827. It shows the node semantic weight model can analyze the importance of node in XML document and it will be helpful for improving ranking results.


The well site standardized design in Changqing Oilfield is promoted based on digital management thought and raises the optimal efficiency of manpower resource and the management efficiency of production and operation.Furthermore,the standardized design optimizes and simplifies the well site plan layout and equipment so as to reduce construction cost.The features of well site design,applied process techniques and the implementation benefit of the well site standardized design are discussed in this paper.It is pointed out that the construction cost of a standardized well site for ten-well mode reduces by 51%.


Starting from a critical review of changes and innovations in educational systems, the article, on the basis of a new culture of assessment, focuses on a specific kind of assessment: the classroom-based assessment. In the new assessment and assessment for learning perspective, the article pinpoints the main aspects of an assessment that can anticipate, support and scaffold teaching actions with reliable and valid data on students' level of learning. This assessment is also functional as a teaching device to foster a meaningful learning in each student. A key aspect for implementing a school system assessment that would be coherent and comprehensive.


High-risk sexual behavior by HIV-positive individuals is an important factor contributing to the spread of the HIV epidemic. We conducted a retrospective chart review to compare self-reported sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk behavior and clinic diagnoses of known HIV-positive clients attending Miami-Dade County STD clinics with those of uninfected controls. One hundred ninety-one HIV-positive clients and 191 HIV-negative controls, 130 (68.1%) men and 61 (31.9%) women, were included in the analysis. HIV-positive clients were more likely than controls to report no sexual activity in the last 2 months (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-4.5) or, if active, to report condom use at last sexual intercourse (OR = 3.1, CI: 1.9-5.3). However, HIV-positive clients were more likely to be diagnosed with infectious syphilis (OR = 13.0, CI: 1.6-99.4) and/or gonorrhea (OR = 2.1, CI: 1.1-4.2) than controls. This may be a result of overreporting of condom use or sexual activity in high-risk sexual networks with inefficient use of condoms. Ongoing sexual risk behavior and access to HIV primary care are important issues in this population.


[Objective] To detect the relationship of ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (INFH) with their plasma platelet-derived microparticle (PMP), activation ratio of glycoprotein Ⅱ b/Ⅲa(PAC-1) and P-selection (CD62P), and to investigate the function and clinical significance of the activation of PMP, PAC-1, and CD62P in patients with INFH. [Methods]The quantity of PMP and activation ratio of PAC-1 and CD62P were measured in the volunteer of the INFH group and health control group using flow cytometry. Blood-lipid indicators (such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein Al), coagulation indicators (including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin international normalized ratio),and plasma C-reactive protein concentration were measured by automatic-biochemical analyzer.[Results] The quantity of PMP and activation ratio of PAC-I and CD62P in INFH group [130.4±58.6/Pit,(47.5±17.4)%, and (25.8±7.1)% respectively] were significantly higher than health control group[67.7±14.8/Pit, (9.2±2.4)%, and (4.1±1.2)% respectively] (p0.01). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant association between high plasma PMP quantity and the development of INFH (r=0.34, P0.01), and there was significantly positive correlation between the quantity of PMP and activation ratio of PAC-1 and CD62P, and level of CRP (r=0.28, P=0.03, r=0.61,P0.01, and r=0.15,P=0.04 respectively).[Conclusion]The levels of PMP, PAC-1 and CD62P can be taken as the specificity laboratory indicates for clinical diagnosis of 1NFH.


Study carried out at Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. Corresponding author: Aída García � Mutualismo, 110, Col. Mitras Centro � Monterrey, NL México � CP �44�0 � Tel.: (�2) 81 8348-38�� � Fax: (�2) 81 8333-78�9 � E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: December 21 , 2009; Accepted: March 21, 2010 ABSTRACT Background and objective: Circadian variations have been found in the performance of many human activities. The performance of many tasks depends on basic cognitive processes, such as executive functions. One of the components of these functions is the capacity to adjust behavior to environmental changes. The objective of this study was to identify circadian rhythms in the capacity to adjust behavior to environmental changes. Methods: Three college students were recorded in a constant routine protocol for 29 hours, starting at noon. Rectal temperature was measured every minute, and their performance on a tracking task was assessed every 1 hour and 40 minutes. In this task, each participant observed a circle following a linear path with a constant speed. Each time the circle appeared, the participant had to place a cursor inside the circle and press the left button of the mouse. After a variable number of circles, the path and speed were modified, and the participants' capacity to efficiently respond to these changes was measured. Results: All participants showed a decreased capacity to adjust their behavior to changes in the tracking task at night and early in the morning. Conclusions: Circadian variations were observed in people's capacity to adjust their behavior to changes in the tracking task. This capacity was reduced at night and early in the morning. This impairment might lead to errors and accidents in night-shift workers.


Previously (JASA 121 pt.2, p. 3181) transient cavitation in high pressure spherical resonators was described. The phenomenon is characterized by cavitation events lasting a few ms (100 s acoustic cycles) in which a cavity (or cavities) collapse violently, emitting flashes of light of widths ∼1–40 nsec and spherical shock waves with amplitudes ∼1–100 bars (depending on the static pressure) at a distance of 10 cm from the collapse. Both SL and shock amplitudes are proportional to the static pressure. The goal of these experiments is to investigate how the static pressure increases the intensity of acoustic cavitation collapse and whether thermonuclear fusion reactions are possible this way. The determination of plasma temperatures, pressures, and densities is therefore critical in making progress. Furthermore, the amplitude and velocity of the shock waves can be used to determine the conditions at stagnation (end of collapse), assuming the cavity size at that time is known. To this end, results of numerical simulations using HYADES plasma physics hydrocode will be presented, with emphasis on the plasma conditions versus the amount of gas in the cavity and the static pressure, as well as the amplitude and velocity of the outgoing shock waves generated after the collapse [Work supported by SMDC Contract No. W9113M‐07‐C‐0178.]


Abstract Growing environmental concerns associated with electric power generation, and the awareness toward the use of renewable energy has caused widespread and rapid increase in the installation of wind-power systems. The uncertain and intermittent nature of wind power has led to growing problems in integrating wind power in power systems as the wind-power penetration continues to increase. One of the prime requirements of operating a power system with wind power is maintaining the system reliability by committing an appropriate amount of power from available generation sources in the lead time considered. Commitment of wind power is a very crucial task that requires accurate wind-power forecasting. This article presents a time series model to recognize the variability in wind and presents a conditional probabilistic method to quantify the wind-power commitment risk during system operation. The method is applied to assess the short-term operational risks with wind power and the operating capacity credits of a wind farm using the Roy Billinton Test System test system.


The Icon House. New Measured Drawings. Paintings of the House. Use of Colour. Original Drawings. 10 Krivoarbatsky Lane, Moscow. Construction Photographs. New Photographs. Chronological Bibliography.


Objective To evaluate clinical therapeutic effect and economic effects of sequential therapy of levofloxacin hydrochloride for bacterial infection of Lower respitatory tract(LRT). Methods 78 cases with bacterial infection of LRT were randomly divided into two groups.43 cases in sequential group(group A)were treated with IV injection of levofloxacin hydrochloride 500 mg/d for 2 days~4 days,then took levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules 500 mg/d for 5 days~10 days;36 cases in control group(group B) were treated with IV injection of levofloxacin hydrochloride 500 mg/d for 7 days~14 days.Cost-effectiveness analysis were made after ending the treatment. Results The healing rate of group A and group B was respectively 50.0% and 52.8%;the effective rate was respectively 85.7% and 83.3%;bacteria clearance rate was respectively 84.8% and 83.9%;the incidence rate of adverse reactions was respectively 4.8% and 2.8%.By statistical comparison,therapeutic effect between the two group was simila (P0.05),but cost-effectiveness ratio in group A was lower than that in group B. Conclusion Comparison between sequential therapy of levofloxacin hydrochloride and simple IV injection is found to be similar in clinical theraputic effect,but the former obviously decreases total medical cost,so it is worthy to be spread in the clinic.


Analyses the significance of research agricultural information Websites automatically generated in the course of achieving agricultural information and the features of ASP.NET technology.Design and Implement a district,township agricultural information Websites automatically generated system based on ASP.NET.Through the system,can solve successfully the problem of automatically generated a large number of district and township agricultural information Websites.


This paper mainly explored the strategies of capacity-building for the poor in the early stage of tourism development in poverty-stricken areas. Given the requirements of tourism poverty alleviation, the capacity-building strategies during the transition period need to focus on non-school-age and impoverished population, and integrate both explicit and tacit knowledge, as well as absorb foreign advanced knowledge adequately, while some limitations still exist in the literatures now. In this paper, we analyzed the cross-group knowledge transfer process of "migrant workers-local poor people" to explore the capacity-building strategies that meet various requirements during the transitional period for the poor.


This paper describes Malaysia's recent approach in fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network through the utilization of pre-erbium doped fiber amplifier (pre-EDFA) in improving Community Antenna Television (CATV) signals in point-to-point (P2P) topology. The optical network unit (ONU) input power and the CATV output quality is observed on a television (TV) unit display each time the EDFA current setting is changed, for before and after a second EDFA is installed between transmitter and ONU (pre-EDFA) for a Malaysian scenario. Before pre-EDFA is installed, the dynamic range is not obtained since the saturation point is not clear, and thus could not be pointed yet. The findings after the pre-EDFA is installed is that, the dynamic range is found to be equals to -17.85 dBm ~ 3.03 dBm for fiber spool used length at 15.225 km. The dynamic range is selected based on the ONU input power when the CATV signal's output is good and clear. The result shows that pre-EDFA improved the CATV signals displayed for a Malaysian scenario.


With the continuous development of the aviation industry, air-ground data link communication equipment has become a piece of mandatory equipment for aircraft. According to the problem that aircraft send ACARS messages with different formats and complex message types, the message parsing logic is summarized by analyzing the ACARS communication system and messages to achieve fast and accurate parsing of message information by building a message template library. By implementing the data link ground system through this process, it is verified that the method effectively improves the readability of message data and can cope with the problems arising from the expansion of message formats such as new models and new parameters, which is of significance to the design work of aircraft democratic manufacturers.


—Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval is generally designed and implemented by employing feature graphs. These graphs typically contain a significant number of nodes and edges to reflect the level of detail in feature detection. A higher level of detail increases the effectiveness of the results but also leads to more complex graph structures. However, graph-traversal-based algorithms for similarity are quite inefficient and computation intensive, especially for large data structures. To deliver fast and effective retrieval, an efficient similarity algorithm, particularly for large graphs, is mandatory. Hence, in this paper, we define a graph-projection into a 2D space ( Graph Code ) as well as the corresponding algorithms for indexing and retrieval. We show that calculations in this space can be performed more efficiently than graph-traversals due to a simpler processing model and a high level of parallelisation. In consequence, we prove that the effectiveness of retrieval also increases substantially, as Graph Codes facilitate more levels of detail in feature fusion. Thus, Graph Codes provide a significant increase in efficiency and effectiveness (especially for Multimedia indexing and retrieval) and can be applied to images, videos, audio, and text information.


Network analysis is an important facet of spatial analysis in GIS. This paper first makes a brief introduction of the base functions and network model in GIS. Then, it expounds the design, architecture, data and algorithms of routing analysis in the Geographic Information system of Kunming's Public Security, as an example to expound how to design and implement the network analysis in police Geographic Information System. Finally this paper makes several suggestions of the next construction of network analysis in the Geographic Information System of Kunming's Public Security.


In this annual report 56 PADEMIA project partners give a summary of the research and teaching activity in the field of Parliamentary Democracy at their Institutions. The Institute for Development and International Relations (IRMO) is one of the project partners within PADEMIA project. The annual report maps best practices in research and teaching. Based on contributions by member institutions from all countries involved in the network, the annual report provides an overview of the state of the art in the field with broad geographical coverage. The partners answered three specific questions: 1) What is the subject's role in your teaching (semester courses, single lectures for the interested public, teaching materials etc.) in the reporting period? 2) What is the subject's role in your research in the reporting period? 3) Your personal assessment and all other aspects you consider important.


Abstract Early Chinese Confucian virtue ethics saw effortless harmony with the "Way" as essential for ethical life, but raised the problem of how one can, through effort, reach a state of effortless perfection. We decompose this paradox into three sub-paradoxes and review evidence from cognitive psychology relevant to each of them. First, how can one attain spontaneity by expending effort? Second, how can one come to love what one does not already love? Third, why is a deed considered not virtuous if consciously done for the sake of attaining virtue? We discuss how the cognitive sciences can contribute to potential solutions to an ancient ethical tension, and what the humanities can contribute to problems psychologists have only recently begun to explore.


Municipalities in the Global South confront significant implementation challenges for the delivery of services, especially as service complexity increases. Waste management, which includes services of different complexity such as simple waste collection and complex waste disposal, is a useful sector to study. This article conducts an exploratory case study in four Peruvian municipalities to learn about the relationship between administrative capacity, political influence, and civil society participation and the performance of two waste services. The findings highlight the need to more closely consider service-specific administrative capacity in future research on performance, particularly when analyzing more complex services. Accounting for service complexity may also be important for practitioners when planning measures to strengthen administrative capacity.


Two themes are considered in this paper. First of all in the Introduction a comment is made about the Tzitzéica equation which occurred in the author's work as reported in [1]. Much recent work has referred to this equation and a representative bibliography is given in this paper with brief comments. The second theme of this paper is concerned with work surrounding Quantum Solitons and the author's talk at the ISLAND 2 meeting under the title 'Quantum solitons' is briefly summarised. An extended review of this subject matter has now appeared in [2] and as there the quantum soliton of the quantum attractive NLS model is seen as a 'qubit' for quantum information purposes. It is hoped that this summary and/or the reference [2] can help to stimulate further interest in this 'quantum' aspect of our subject in the solitons community. The actual observation of a quantum soliton is also reported and a proper theoretical description of it given. Reference is made to $q$-boson lattices first as a simple example of the quantum inverse method in the Introduction and then as a subject matter in its own right at the end of the paper.


The title compounds are isomorphous, comprised of neutral monomeric [M(phen)2(dca)2] [(I): M = Mn, (II): M = Zn; phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, C12H8N2; dca is dicyanamide, C2N3] molecules. In the molecule, the divalent metal ion is in a distorted octahedral coordination environment formed by six N atoms from the phen and dca ligands. The Mn—N [2.144 (2)–2.319 (2) A] and Zn—N [2.075 (2)–2.245 (2) A] distances are in agreement with the difference in size of the two divalent ions.


Professor RP Anand analysed the birth of new states and their theoretical and functional inclusion in the post-UN world. The 1947 Indian independence afforded Indian lawyers a choice between Nehruvian internationalism and Judge Pal's Tokyo dissent. Essentially, Anand preferred state interest over cultural differences as the currency of international law while celebrating the UN Charter, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Convention of the Law of Sea as the achievements of the mankind. Anand saw the rejection of international law as synonymous with power politics. While optimistic, his universalism engendered a Western anti-thesis that an Asian approach to international law, if any, was otiose. Subsequently, post-colonial scholars responded with a synthesis that brought colonialism from periphery to the centre of international legal theory.


Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) mainly affects the large veins of legs and pelvis. Blood clots often embolize to the lung resulting in significant mortality risk. Nucleoside tri(di)phospho...


We are very sad to announce the passing of Isabelle Tillie-Leblond on March 13, 2013, at the age of 48, after a too-short but intense career. Born to a large family, she was the youngest of seven siblings, and consequently very close to her parents. Her father, a teacher in a private college, was Isabelle's model and taught his youngest daughter the great principles of life: courage, perseverance and love of others, but also cheerfulness and joie de vivre . Isabelle also knew well a close friend of the Tillie family, Albert Decourtray, a priest who was to become the Cardinal-Archbishop of Lyon; he was her godfather. After her father died, Isabelle kept a close relationship with this eminent Prelate. He remained her valued advisor, always available despite the heavy burden of his work: he always was a confidant and her mentor en humanisme .

Isabelle loved life passionately. She loved her family: her husband David, a radiologist, and her twins Nathan and Francois, whom she admired a lot. One of her qualities was the capacity to throw her whole being (energy, mind and heart) into what she was doing at every moment. It was also true for her patients: …


A significant difference exists between two measured estimates of the electron diffusion length in dye sensitized solar cells. One method is based on spectral response at short circuit (L1) and the other on small perturbations (Ln). Following a recent theoretical treatment of the diffusion length for "non first order recombination", one can propose an "effective diffusion length" at short circuit (λn). Using simulation and measured values we show that L1 ≈ λn, for a wide range of recombination orders, despite the first order assumption made when deriving L1. We also show Ln ≈ λn, when Ln is derived from a time dependent full cell model incorporating non first order recombination. Thus the deviation of experimentally measured Ln from simulated Ln and L1 cannot be explained simply by the incorporation of nonlinear recombination. Our results give support to the spectral response method, but do not give a theoretical basis for rejecting the small perturbation method.


The"ability standard", "personality standard" and "capability standard" are three different kinds of educational concepts, "ability standard" based on types of work only attachs importance to matters but ignores the development of the mind of human beings, "personality standard" based on ethics is partial,"capability standard" based on the job versatility of people is the aim of vacational education.


In this study, direct experimental materials science evidence of the important theoretical prediction for resistive random access memory (RRAM) technologies that a critical amount of oxygen vacancies is needed to establish stable resistive switching in metal-oxide-metal samples is presented. In detail, a novel in-operando hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique is applied to non-destructively investigates the influence of the current compliance and direct current voltage sweep cycles on the Ti/HfO2 interface chemistry and physics of resistive switching Ti/HfO2/TiN cells. These studies indeed confirm that current compliance is a critical parameter to control the amount of oxygen vacancies in the conducting filaments in the oxide layer during the RRAM cell operation to achieve stable switching. Furthermore, clear carbon segregation towards the Ti/HfO2 interface under electrical stress is visible. Since carbon impurities impact the oxygen vacancy defect population under resistive switching, this dynamic carbon segregation to the Ti/HfO2 interface is suspected to negatively influence RRAM device endurance. Therefore, these results indicate that the RRAM materials engineering needs to include all impurities in the dielectric layer in order to achieve reliable device performance.


Highly cross-linked liquid crystalline polymer (CLCP) films with a long spacer and azobenzene chromophores (of varying concentrations and positioned differently) were prepared. The effects of various factors on the photoinduced bending behaviour of the highly CLCPs were explored. Long spacer groups and high cross-linking density resulted in considerably faster bending of the CLCP films relative to those reported in the literature that feature shorter spacer groups and smaller cross-linking densities. The azobenzene chromophores at the cross-linking points significantly influenced the photoinduced bending behaviour of the CLCP films relative to those at side chains. Furthermore, reduced concentrations of the azobenzene chromophores produced faster bending and larger photoinduced stress of the CLCP films that contained chromophores at the side chains as opposed to those incorporating chromophores at the cross-linking points. Moreover, the CLCP film with relatively low azobenzene concentration and small thickness exhibited bending in the reverse direction following maximum bending under continuous UV irradiation, thereby showing that photomobile behaviour of the material system.


Purpose: The recommended rate of administration of valproic acid injection is 20 mg/min. Drug delivery at this rate may be inadequate for expeditious control of seizures. The safety of rapid infusion of valproic acid has not been established, and this study was designed to explore the effects of rapid infusion in patients with acute seizures.


Includes a list of cast and crew and a message by MUT President. Also includes a ticket stub of 29 November 1987 at 6.30p.m. price Lm1.50.


A reliability assessment method for bad weather, especially snowfall, was developed using Reliability Graph Analysis (RGA). The capacity for dependent events consideration in the analysis was then developed firstly by an approximate method using a correlation indicator and secondly from the viewpoint of travel time reliability. Since the actual local weather along the motorway was not known, the relationship between traffic control and weather forecast was used for the reliability analysis. The model was tested using the Meishin and Higashi-Neihan motorways or the Higashi-Meihan, National Route No 25, Nishi-Meihan and Kinki motorways, which provide alternative routes in Japan. For the covering abstract see ITRD E109656.


We have achieved stimulated emission from the trivalent promethium ion *) for the first time. Using a Pb-In-phosphate glass cylinder doped nominally with one percent promethium as the laser medium, laser action was obtained at ambient temperature at 933 and 1098 nm. The Pm gain medium was fashioned into an etalon ona cm in length and was placed within a near concentric resonator of 20 cm length. The promethium gain medium was pumped through resonator mirrors at 570 nm using a pulsed dye laser (100 mj/1 Psec/575 nm, 500 u spot diameter). Laser performance data will be presented along with observations of radiation damage effects due to radioactive decay of 'Pm {224 keV beta).


Antipsychotic medications are commonly used to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia despite their side effects and harms. While the Halting Antipsychotic Use in Long‐Term care (HALT) deprescribing trial was successful at reducing antipsychotic use, 19% of participants had their antipsychotics represcribed or never reached a dose of zero. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for represcription of antipsychotic medication and factors associated with ongoing antipsychotic use, relating to care staff requests and perceived behavioural changes.


Power transformers are valuable assets in the power network, and have as the primary function to regulate the transmission and distribution voltage. A large amount of capital is required to manufacture, transport, install and maintain them. As the load in the network changes, the voltage needs to be regulated. Load change is the result of demand fluctuations and of the gradual increase over time of average demand. Power Transformers are static devices and the only moveable part present in the power transformer is the tap changer which is used to change the turns ratio. With the change in load the voltage is regulated to reduce the losses and prevent from losing the synchronization. Tap changer failure is one of the leading causes of failure of power transformers. The majority of the tap changer failures are caused by degrading contacts. This may be the result of contact wear or of carbon deposition on the contacts due to on-load tap changing action. Proper maintenance therefore requires a diagnostic system which can judge the conditions of the contacts. There are various methods to diagnose the conditions of the tap changer contacts. The diagnostic system studied in this thesis is the Dynamic Resistance Measurement which is an offline technique. There are different tap changing mechanisms and two of them are covered in this thesis: • The MR tap changer which is an example of a "diverter switch type tap changer". • The SMIT tap changer which is an example of a "selector switch type tap changer". After introducing the tap changer and its operating mechanisms, for the most commonly used mechanisms, this thesis will firstly focus on explaining the working principles of the measurement system. The method to perform the measurement on the power transformer is independent of the tap changing mechanism, but it does depend on the type arrangement in which the three phase windings are connected on the primary side. Secondly, the thesis will show the influence of the different faults on the data that is acquired by the measuring system, which is dependent on the tap changing mechanism. Thirdly, based on the indicators of failures; a MATLAB code is written for each of the two tap changing mechanisms separately that shall extract those fault indicators from the measured data to identify and locate the fault. The analysis is applied to real life measured the data of different transformers achieved by the dynamic resistance measurement. The main conclusion is that it is definitely possible to perform an automated analysis on dynamic resistance measurement data. This was demonstrated by building a code and confronting the results with those of expert analysis for a number of power transformer tap changers. Several more detailed conclusions are drawn, and recommendations are given to further improve and apply the methodology of automated interpretation in future.


This guide provides an overview of resources available to support the Justice Studies-Criminal Justice Program. This page will help you find useful books in print or in electronic format.


The real-time rendering and walkthrough of three dimensional te r rain ha s wide application area, and it can be observed in different view interactively by walkman. This paper presents the study and implementation of a real-time wa l kthrough system with personal computer . It adopts a real-time rendering algor i t hm based on overlay techniques .The system implemented the stereoscopic display and a convenient user interface . The system can naturally reach a balance betwe en the quality of the image and the speed of the rendering .


Aiming at providing reference for comprehensive administration of water environment, sampling survey was carried out with regard to the chemical oxygen demand(COD) level of sewage produced by small and medium battery enterprises in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. HgSO4, H2SO4-Ag2SO4and K2Cr2O7solution were added into the sewage sample, and after blending, then microware digestion and cooling, the sample was assessed using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results show that sewage COD level at the outlet was from 8.64 to 51.60 mg/L with sewage discharge coefficient varying from 2.76 to 38.06 kg/(104 kVAh). After disposal, the COD level of sewage at the outlet is apparently lower than that of the original sewage producing export. The COD level of sewage at the export of lead-acid battery plants is lower than the standard limitation 100 mg/L, meeting the National Standard for Comprehensive Sewage Discharge, but total sum of sewage must be reined to control the total COD level.


The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Houston-Galveston Area Council and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, collected water-quality, stream-habitat, and biological data from six sites (downstream order M6–M1), primarily in Brazoria County southeast of Houston, Texas, during September 2004–August 2005 and bed sediment data from one site in September 2005. Water-quality data collection consisted of continuously monitored (for periods of 24 hours to several days, six times) water temperature, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen and periodically collected samples of several properties and constituents. Monitored dissolved oxygen measurements were below minimum and 24-hour criteria at all sites except M2. Nitrogen compounds, phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll-a, E. coli, chloride, sulfate, solids, suspended sediment concentration, and pesticides were assessed at all sites. Concentrations of nitrogen compounds and phosphorus did not exceed Texas State screening levels. Biochemical oxygen demand was below 4.0 milligrams per liter at all sites except M6, where the maximum concentration was 8.1 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of chlorophyll-a were less than the State screening level at all sites except M6, where four of eight samples equaled or exceeded the screening level. Twenty of 48 samples from Mustang Bayou had concentrations of E. coli that exceeded the State single-sample water-quality standard. Median chloride concentrations from each site were between 42.2 and 123 milligrams per liter. Fifteen pesticide compounds (six herbicides and nine insecticides) were detected in 24 water samples. The most frequently detected pesticide was atrazine, which was found in every sample. Other frequently detected pesticides were CIAT, prometon, tebuthiuron, fipronil, and the pesticide degradates, fipronil sulfide, and fipronil sulfone. Sediment samples were collected from the stream bottom at M1 and analyzed for concentrations of trace elements (metals), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls. No organochlorine pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls were detected. No concentrations of metals exceeded State screening levels. Measurable concentrations of 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were detected at measurable concentrations, and three other PAH compounds were detected but not quantified by the laboratory. Stream habitat and aquatic biota (benthic macroinvertebrates and fish) were surveyed at each site three times during the study to evaluate aquatic life use. Characteristics of habitat measured during each survey were scored using a habitat quality index. Average aquaticlife-use scores were "limited" for M3–M6 and "intermediate" for M1 and M2. A total of 2,557 macroinvertebrate individuals were identified from Mustang Bayou. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were scored using indexes specified by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Average aquatic-life-use scores were "limited" at M1, "intermediate" at M3–M6, and "high" at M2. Forty-six species of fish representing 20 families were collected from Mustang


Experience and expectation don't always coincide. We read a local news report and expect a rainy day, yet when we go out we experience sunshine as unforeseen changes alter the weather patterns. We lay down to sleep expecting a long morning commute to work, wake up with a head cold and decide to stay home. We can find similar examples in our own lives where this pattern holds true, and yet it is rare that we really consider how this common deviation between experience and expectation affects us in a deeper way.


Basaloid follicular hamartoma (BFH) is a benign rare neoplasm of the hair follicles whose clinical and histological appearance is very similar to basal cell carcinoma. Although these hamartomas are considered to be benign lesions, malignant differentiations have been reported. It may be generalized or localized, familial or sporadic, and BFH can be accompanied by systemic diseases. Although there are many clinical forms of BFH, they all have the same histopathological features. Basaloid follicular hamartoma is a folliculocentric tumor limited to the superficial dermis. Involvement of the deep reticular dermis or soft tissue is not seen in BFH [1].

We present a 52-year-old man with a solitary, hyperpigmented, asymptomatic, slow growing skin tumor on his left upper eyelid.

A 52-year-old man presented with a slowly developing asymptomatic left upper eyelid lesion (over 4 years). Dermatological examination showed a solitary, smooth surfaced, hyperpigmented nodule measuring 1 cm in diameter (Figure 1), and there were no other similar skin lesions or significant internal diseases exhibited. He had no family history of similar lesions. The lesion was locally excised, and the specimen was grossly measured to be 1.2 × 0.7 × 0.2 cm.

Figure 1

A solitary, smooth surfaced, hyperpigmented 1 cm nodule is located on the left upper eyelid of a 52-year-old man

Low-power light microscopy revealed a well-circumscribed and completely removed lesion in the dermis, without connections to the epidermis (Figure 2). Microscopically, the tumor revealed strands and cords of small basaloid cells emanating from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. The tumor stroma was scant and mildly fibrocellular. There was no nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic activity, apoptotic cells, or cleft formation between the tumor and the stroma (Figure 3), and upon immunohistochemical examination, Bcl-2 stained only in the outermost basal cells (Figure 4). Cd34 was positively stained in the peritumoral stroma and blood vessels (Figure 5), and CD10 was stained in the peritumoral stroma as well as the matrical cells (Figure 6).

Figure 2

Low-power light microscopy revealed a well-circumscribed and completely removed lesion in the dermis, without connections to the epidermis (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification at 40×)

Figure 3

A biopsy specimen with basaloid follicular hamartoma shows strands and cords of small, basaloid cells emanating from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. The tumor stroma was scant and mildly fibrocellular. There was no nuclear pleomorphism, ...

Figure 4

Bcl-2 stains only the outermost basal cells in BFH (Bcl-2, 100×)

Figure 5

CD34 is positive in the peritumoral stroma and blood vessels (CD34 100×)

Figure 6

CD10 stains the peritumoral stroma of BFH, as well as the matrical cells (CD10 100×)

Basaloid follicular hamartoma was first described in 1969 by Brown et al. as "generalized hair follicle hamartoma" with associated alopecia, aminoaciduria, and myasthenia gravis [2]. The term "basaloid follicular hamartoma" was first used for a patient who had a localized and solitary type of the lesion, without associated abnormalities, by Mehregan and Baker in 1985 [3]. Morohashi et al. described BFH as an abortive growth of secondary hair germs with a limited differentiation toward the upper follicular portion of the hair shaft [4].

Basaloid follicular hamartoma may manifest with different clinical presentations, such as a solitary lesion, or as multiple lesions with a generalized or localized distribution. Basaloid follicular hamartoma may present as individual or linearly distributed, small, skin-colored to brown papules or plaques, or as multiple lesions in a generalized distribution on the face, scalp, and occasionally, the trunk. Basaloid follicular hamartoma may be a familial, congenital, or acquired condition.

Several forms of generalized BFH have been described: (1) sporadic form, multiple BFH without systemic disease; (2) generalized acquired form, female patients with generalized BFHs associated with alopecia and autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis or systemic lupus erythematosus, in which the lesions are found mainly on the face and periorificial areas; (3) generalized familial form, an autosomal dominant disease that may or may not be associated with hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, and palmoplantar pitting, which appears on the face and genital region; (4) generalized congenital form, generalized BFH associated with other ectodermal defects, such as hypotrichosis and punctate keratotic pits, on the palms and soles and with cystic fibrosis [1].

The localized forms of BFH present as linear unilateral lesions or as plaques with alopecia [3–6]. The linear unilateral type of BFH is associated with lines of Blaschko and presents at birth or appears in early childhood [3, 5, 6]. Solitary BFH was first described in 1992 as a smooth plaque or a papule appearing most commonly on the face or scalp [7].

The pathogenesis of BFH has been linked to a mutation in the PTCH (patched) gene on chromosome band 9q23. However, this mutation is thought to be less severe than the PTCH gene mutation demonstrated in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCS) [8–10].

The clinical differential diagnosis for BFH depends on its presentation. The most common misdiagnoses for individual lesions include basal carcinoma (BCC), intradermal melanocytic nevus, seborrheic keratosis, sebaceous hyperplasia, syringoma, angiofibroma, trichilemmoma, steatocystoma, trichoepithelioma (TE), basal cell hamartoma with follicular differentiation, and hamartoma of the sebaceous follicles. When presenting as a plaque, nevus sebaceous, lupus erythematosus, and sarcoidosis should be considered. Basaloid follicular hamartoma in a linear distribution may mimic linear epidermal nevus, lichen striatus, linear morphea, and basal cell nevus. The differential diagnosis of generalized BFH could include generalized follicular hamartoma syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Cowden disease, multiple trichoepitheliomas, nevoid basal cell nevus syndrome, Rombo syndrome, and multiple tumors of the follicular infundibulum [11]. Basaloid follicular hamartoma is often misdiagnosed as trichoepithelioma or basal cell carcinoma, histopathologically [1].

Specifically, BFH consists of malformed and distorted hair follicles composed of cords and strands of basaloid cells. These cells are arranged in a radial, anastomosing fashion and may arise from the follicles and/or show an epidermal attachment. The tumor cells are bland, without nuclear pleomorphism, and mitotic activity is rare or absent, with little to no single cell necrosis. While the presence of peripheral palisading has been reported, this feature is typically lacking to the degree seen in BCC. The stroma is scant or absent, and when present, consists of eosinophilic compact collagen with no fibrocytes. Clefts within the fibrous stroma have been reported, and minimal clefting between the tumor and stroma has been observed, but it is not a well-accepted feature of BFH. Mucinous ground substance, if present, is usually subtle; furthermore, BCC displays a variety of histological patterns. The neoplastic cells may involve and destroy preexisting hair follicles and the interfollicular dermis, and sometimes, infiltrate the deeper dermis, subcutaneous fat, and skeletal muscle [12].

Differentiating BFH from BCC can be the most difficult aspect of the diagnosis, and additional immunohistochemical stains may help to separate BFH from BCC. Ki-67 (a proliferative marker associated with mitosis) and Bcl-2 staining are more prominent in BCC than in BFH. Bcl-2 stains only the outermost basal cells in BFH. CD 34 is an intercellular adhesion protein and cell surface glycoprotein; the ligand is CD62L (L-selectin). It is also called hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen and is a commonly used marker of hematopoietic progenitor cells and endothelial cells. CD34 also stains stromal cells and dendritic cells. In differential diagnosis it is important that the stromal cells of the BFH stain positive for CD34, but the stromal cells of BCC are negative [1, 12]. Although in BCC the stromal and tumor cells stain with CD10, in BFH, the peritumoral stroma and matrical cells stain with CD10 [13].

Histologically, TE has distinct islands of basaloid cells in a lacelike or adenoidal network and, occasionally, as solid aggregates; additionally, they exhibit a more nodular growth pattern than BFH. The tumor islands show peripheral palisading as in BCC; however, the stroma lacks the retraction artifact seen in BCC. In TE, the fibrocystic stroma is more prominent than in BFH, and it predominates over the epithelial portion. Additionally, in TE, normal follicular bulbs and papillae are seen [11]. While both BFH and TE have keratin cysts consisting of a fully keratinized center, surrounded by basophilic cells without high-grade atypia and mitoses, they are more prominent in TE.

We report a case of solitary BFH that developed on the left upper eyelid of a man. Since only a few cases have been reported, presenting case reports will increase awareness of this disorder. Although BFH is a benign rare neoplasm of the hair follicles, it is important to differentiate it due to the malignancy risk and similar characteristics to other benign tumors.


This article is devoted to the analyses of contemporary studies of Great Duchy of Lithuania. The authors mean the history of GDL before the Union of Lublin (1569) during a period of independently development of this state, because the next period is separate theme. The authors consider GDL as a sort of phenomenon. In the foundation of such phenomenon lay the history of GDL itself and also very complex and multinational historiography. According to author's opinion a main task which stands in front of an international team of historians is to understand the character and essence of this statehood though there are many other interesting themes: foreign policy, confessions, culture etc. The historiography of such countries as Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Russia is studied in this article. All these countries connect with a legacy of GDL. A main task of this article is not to collect and study the whole bibliography devoted to the history of GDL. An aim is to discover and to characterize the main national trends in studying of this statehood. The roots of contemporary crisis one can find in past century. The main reasons of this crisis now are an absence of some coordination between the countries in studying GDL, an intention to connect this history only with one country and also some intention to modernize the history of GDL. The last feature of contemporary historiography directly connects with a refusal to find archaic traditions in the history of this statehood and to use the methods of contemporary political anthropology.


In the present work, the electrocaloric (EC) effect in lead-free Sr and Sn doped (Ba0.85 Ca0.075 Sr0.075 )(Zr0.1 Ti0.88 Sn0.02 )O3 ceramic prepared by solid-state method has been investigated. The phase purity and pure perovskite phase formation with Sr and Sn doping is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The adiabatic temperature change ΔT (due to the EC effect), entropy change (ΔS) and refrigeration capacity (RC) are estimated under various electric fields. The maximum peak values of ΔT, ΔS and RC are found as 1.5 K, 1.8 J/kg.K and 2.75 J/kg, respectively under the applied electric field of 33 kV/cm at 305 K. It is also observed that the ΔT, ΔS and RC decreases with an increase in applied temperature. Moreover, the estimated values of EC properties are significantly high which indicates that fabrication of Sr and Sn doped lead-free ceramics can be advantageous for EC applications.


Objective: In one-third of patients discharged with stroke or TIA the etiology of the event remains undetermined. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is reported as a potential etiology. The factors predicting PAF in these patients have not been defined. This study aims to define these factors and duration of remote cardiac telemetry needed to detect PAF. Background 1) A high rate of PAF can be detected during 21 days of mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry (MCOT). 2) There will be a set of risk factors which can predict the detection of PAF with MCOT. Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on patients evaluated by MCOT monitoring within 6 months of a cryptogenic stroke or TIA. The ECG data were analyzed with an algorithm verified against the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Multivariate analysis with survival regression analysis was performed using demographic, clinical, neuroimaging and cardiac imaging characteristics to determine predictive risk factors for detection of PAF on MCOT. Kaplan-Meier estimates were computed for the 21-day PAF rates. Results: We analyzed 156 records; 97% of patients were not on anticoagulation. PAF occurred in 27 of 156 (17.3%) patients during MCOT monitoring of up to 30 days. The rate of PAF detection significantly increased from 3.9% in the initial 48hrs, to 9.2% at 7 days, to 15.1% at 14 days, and to 19.5% by 21 days (p Conclusions: MCOT is a robust diagnostic tool for the identification of PAF in patients with cryptogenic stroke and TIA. Length of monitoring is strongly associated with the likelihood of detection of PAF. Female gender, PAC on ECG, increased left atrial diameter (LAD), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and greater NIHSS increase the likelihood of PAF detection. Disclosure: Dr. Khan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schultz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Simpson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Russman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mitsias has nothing to disclose.


Plant genomes vary tremendously in terms of size and chromosome structure. One factor that plays a major role in genome evolution is homologous recombination. Both meiotic and mitotic recombination increase genetic diversity by rearranging combinations of alleles, creating new alleles and altering the copy numbers of genes by unequal recombination. Previous studies identified unequal recombination events between two disease resistance gene homologues from sorghum, Pc A and Pc C. Interestingly, most of the recombination events occurred in the least conserved part of the gene, which was the domain responsible for pathogen recognition. Changes here have the potential to allow evolution of new resistance specificities. We created transgenic maize lines containing tandem Pc A and Pc C genes, and then used a PCR assay to screen maize pollen for unequal recombination. We identified 23 unequal recombination events, yielding a rate of 1 per ~7700 pollen grains. DNA sequence analysis indicated that, unlike in sorghum, all unequal recombined Pc products had crossovers occurring in the conserved regions of the genes. Transposons are responsible for most plant genome variation. For instance, LTR retrotransposon amplification can rapidly increase a species' genome size. This increase can be partially counteracted by unequal recombination between LTRs, deleting the internal sequence and leaving behind a solo LTR. We used the same techniques as for the Pc locus to identify a total of 23 unequal recombination events from 10 LTR retrotransposons. We found a positive correlation between recombination and LTR sequence identity and a negative correlation with DNA methylation. We also assembled and analyzed the chloroplast genomes from five species of parasitic plants. In most angiosperms, the chloroplast genome, or plastome, is highly conserved. We found several rearrangements and gene deletions in four of the five species. We also found large increases in plastome size. Plastomes contain two virtually identical inverted repeats separating a large and small single copy region. The plastome size increase was due to expansion of these repeats into the single copy regions. INDEX WORDS: unequal recombination, NBS-LRR genes, LTR retrotransposons, parasitic plants, plastomes UNEQUAL RECOMBINATION AND OTHER REARRANGEMENTS IN PLANT NUCLEAR AND CHLOROPLAST GENOMES by DANIEL CHRISTOPHER FRAILEY BA, University of Delaware, 2012 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2017


......................................................................................................................................... X Table of contents .......................................................................................................................... XII List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ XVI List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. XXI List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ XXII Chapter-1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Preamble ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Aims and objectives ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Thesis Organization.......................................................................................................... 3 Chapter-2: Theory and Background................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Organic Semiconductors .................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 General Aspects ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1.2 Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors .......................................................... 7 2.1.3 Classification of Organic Semiconductors ................................................................ 7 2.1.4 Organic Semiconductor Sensors ............................................................................. 10 2.2 Organic Solar Cells ........................................................................................................ 11 2.2.


We developed a residual stress analysis method for bead welded low alloy steel JIS SQV2A (equivalent to ASTM A533B cl. 1) plates subjected to post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Two specimens were fabricated; each was a bead welded low alloy steel plate. One was in the as-welded condition (as-welded specimen) and the other was subjected to PWHT at 625°C (PWHT specimen). Strain gauges were used to measure the distributions of the residual stress in these specimens. The measurement data showed that the longitudinal stress at the center of a bead was 0 MPa and that in the heat-affected zone was 100 MPa. The transverse stress at the center of a bead was 200 MPa in the as-welded specimen. The absolute residual stress was decreased to less than 50 MPa for the PWHT specimen. We conducted finite element analyses to predict the distributions of welding residual stress in these specimens. The amount of phase transformation strain in low alloy steel was taken into account in the welding residual stress analysis, and creep strain was taken into account in the stress mitigation analysis. The results from the analyses agree well with the experimental results. These findings prove that welding residual stress can be simulated during a thermal elastic plastic (TEP) analysis by conducting a phase transformation and taking the generation of creep strain in the PWHT samples into consideration can be used to simulate that stress mitigation.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


This is a very stimulating and well-written book, which could be of great interest for a large variety of readers: researchers and policy-makers looking for good examples of collective actions, experts in agricultural issues and also wine enthusiasts. The main objective of the book is exploring the dynamic relationship between independent wine producers and their collective organization patterns, jointly contributing to define a territory. Based on three different and well-known cases – Bordeaux, Napa Valley and Chianti Classico – Jerry Patchel provides a very detailed analysis of their alternative organization of production, showing how wine companies use self-governance to promote and protect their common reputation while enhancing each producer's ability to differentiate wines and to build unique brands. The book is composed of seven chapters. In Chapter 1, the author presents the argument of the book and introduces the reader to the fascinating world of the wine industry. Chapter 2 discusses the concept of territorial governance, integrating differentiation and branding into Ostrom's common pool resource theory. In this core chapter the author shows why the wine industry is an interesting organizational case for studying the balance between differentiation and individuality at company level and collectivity. The following four chapters present the case studies, discussing their organizational patterns and demonstrating similarities and differences. Despite their differences, the three cases investigated face similar challenges to territorial organization, coming up with different collective solutions to define the boundaries of their territory and to create policies and regulations that improve the wine and promote the territories. Chapters 3 and 4 are devoted to Bordeaux in France, a world-known wine area, characterized by fifty-seven appellations and 12000 chateaux. In Chapter 3, there is a general discussion of the multilayered organization of Bordeaux; and in Chapter 4 the focus is on two different territories in terms of both size and collective organization: Saint-Émilion, offered as the exemplary of an innovative and ambitious territory that has capitalized on a long history of collective action; and Blaye, as an example of how winegrowers can overcome a fragmented past and space to establish a promising platform for the transformation from bulk to estate-winegrowing. In Chapter 5 the attention is on the Napa Valley in California and on how the diffusion of chateaux and terroir has been promoted in the New World, without the culture of territory typical of the Old World and with a legal environment biased toward corporate organizations. Chapter 6 investigates the diffusion of chateaux in the area of Chianti Classico, in Tuscany, Italy. In this case the focus is on how the challenge posed by the popularity of 'international varieties' has been faced by a winegrower association, setting a benchmark for re-establishing territorial unity and quality control. In Chapter 7, on the basis of the different cases investigated, the author presents a framework for organizational structure that identifies key collective actions and mechanisms for enhancing cooperation among the territory's members. The framework is built on the premises of a common pool of resources including rules for reducing free riding and information asymmetries and for increasing transparency; monitoring and enforcement rules, credible commitments and effective forms of participation in decision-making. The author claims that there are effective and efficient systems for competitive differentiation in marketing, brands and appellations within such a framework. And this balance between collective and individual needs is the essence of the whole book. The book is a very interesting and, indeed, an enjoyable read, presenting very rich and detailed empirical evidence collected by the author through extensive interviews with winegrowers in the three areas under investigation as well as with many experts and key informers. It is truly a book rich with many empirical details and inspiring examples. Nevertheless, there is an initial hypothesis that is not convincing and this is related to the relative importance of small independent wine producers with respect to large corporate producers. It is a pity that the book does not have any quantitative assessment of how much is the weight of independent winegrowers in the international market. It is difficult to know what is the relative market share of the small producers whose organizational patterns are covered in the book. Regional Studies, Vol. 46.5, pp. 683–685, May 2012


Measurement of bottom front roll run-out at every spinning stand position in a typical mill indicates that only a small percentage of the stands have run-outs that are exces sively high. It was found also that square neck jointed rolls in the two plants studied have higher roll run-outs than screw neck jointed rolls. A reasonable explanation for this is that the square neck jointed rolls generally receive rougher handling. since con siderable force is required when separating or putting together the sections of the rolls on the spinning frame. Periodic irregularities are introduced in the yarn by eccentric bottom front rolls which lower the quality of the yarn being produced. With increases of bottom front roll run- out from 0.000 in. to 0.010 in., the following properties of 31 1 warp yarn were affected to the extent shown: As the roll run-out increased, the pattern on yarn appearance boards became more dis tinct. Analysis of the yarn properties indicated that yarn quality was appreciably lowered at bottom front roll run-outs in excess of 0.0055 in. A study of the processing performance of the yarn produced at various bottom front roll run-outs indicates that yarns produced at high roll run-out positions are more difficult to process in spooling and weaving. In this study, there was an increase of 12% in the number of breaks in spooling as the bottom front roll run-out increased from ranges of 0.000-0.003-0.006 in. and higher. With these same ranges of roll run-outs, warp stops in weaving increased 48% when the weavability of the yarn produced at low roll run-out positions was compared with yarn produced at high roll run-out positions in spinning. The appearance grade of 80 X 80 print cloth, woven with filling yams produced at various roll run-out positions, was found to decrease with increases in bottom front roll run-outs. All graders that ranked the fabrics selected the fabric having the highest roll run-out as being the worst fabric in the group. However, no correlation was found be tween the appearance grade of 110 X 58 broadcloth woven with warp yarn produced at different bottom front roll run-outs in spinning.


Whether in the long run the Japanese are able to achieve a viable economy by the requisite trade expan? sion will depend not only on their own resourcefulness and ingenuity, which are ever manifest, but perhaps even more on the trade and aid policies of the United States and the United Kingdom. A narrow pursuit of what may temporarily appear to be self-interest, such as a curtailment of aid or a raising of trade barriers, could have the most disastrous consequences. If world Communism is to be confronted by more effective weapons than mere denunciation, the West must make room for Japanese trade expansion, and this can be most effectively accomplished by the adoption of every me n to increase greatly the total volume of free world trade.


Shooting range improvement to juniors in biathlon is extremely difficult and very important in the training process. The usage of modern technology like SCATT simulator and SKIErg were the main focus of this research. A group of 4 well-trained young biathletes 17-19 years old, with at least 5 years of training experience in skiing and biathlon were recruited as participants. Every athlete had 0.5 hours of SCATT-shooting 3 times per week and 1 hour of SKIerg 4 times per week. All the biathletes had an improvement for all the control test (T1-T4) and after this research is highly recommended that in the training process of the young biathletes to be used the modern technology.


The most widely studied block copolymer (BCP) for directed self-assembly (DSA) is poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA). However PS-b-PMMA has a limitation of patterning size in sub-10 nm because the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) of PS-b-PMMA is approximately 0.038 at room temperature. To obtain sub-10 nm patterning size, many high χ BCPs and systems have been studied. We investigate DSA of PS-b-PMMA with blended an ionic liquid (IL) via thermal annealing with free surface under nitrogen. L0 becomes larger than pure BCP by adding ILs in this system since χ parameter becomes higher. However there is a problem that long time (>30 min) and/or high temperature (>200 °C) annealing conditions causes L0 shrink than in mild annealing condition (200 °C /1 min). Here, we report IL design to prevent L0 shrink. The design of IL that we found in this study achieved less than 5 % L0 shrink at 215 °C for 30 min annealing.


Guidelines are important for hand hygiene practice and those issued last year by the World Health Organization (WHO) are especially comprehensive (learning zone September 15 and letters September 22). I hope they will improve practice, but hand hygiene interventions always faces special challenges.


Dear Sir, We thank S. Kinra and G. Davey Smith for kindly commenting on our paper regarding the risk implications of a positive family history for cardiovascular mortality [1], with the conclusion that men run an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (fatal or nonfatal) if their mothers have died from CVD before the age of 75 years. Our interpretation was, based on this epidemiological observation in a population-based study that a special mother– son link seems to exist for CVD risk. This view was challenged by S. Kinra and G. Davey-Smith based on their previous findings that no parental bias for CVD risk in offspring could be detected, based on selfreported family history [2]. The main difference between our studies, in our opinion, lies in the fact that our data are not self-reported as they were derived from national register linkage analyses, between the Multi-Generation Register and the Mortality Register of Sweden [1]. This has never been tried before for analysing cardiovascular risk in offspring, and should minimize any bias due to poor recall or misunderstandings of parental diagnoses on behalf of the relatives. It is well known that men tend to be less well informed about family history than corresponding women. Furthermore, our study focused not on family history of CVD in general, but on relatively early parental CVD mortality, before the age of 75 years, in a country where the present mean life expectancy for a female is 82 years. Therefore, the design is not similar to the previous British study [2] when offspring subjects where asked for family history of CVD regardless of age of onset. Finally, recent findings on X-chromosome linked hereditary trait for telomere length, and thereby longevity [3], may be taken as an argument in favour of the suggested mother–son CVD risk relationship. We admit that telomere length and longevity are on the one hand opposite variables to early CVD mortality, but on the other hand may suggest that there indeed exists a biological basis for the maternal influence of risk in sons, as the only X-chromosome the son will ever have is derived from his mother. Our intention is now to continue our approach with register analyses of family history of CVD, but based on a larger, national sample. In that case we cannot, however, adjust for individual risk factors based on health screening in the offspring as was possible in our first study [1]. We would like to see our British colleagues test their conclusions in a data set not biased by self-report on family history and look forward to such a communication.


For the belt conveyor with an automatic hydraulic tension device, the system's fault tree is drawn. And then the qualitative and quantitative analyses of this tree are carried out. The system's failure rale is calculated and thus provides the theoretical foundation for reducing the system's failure.


Based on the experience to the ERP(Enterprise Resources Plan) item,the author present some tips for establishing the business enterprise material codes standard.


A strong version of the Orlicz maximal operator is introduced and a natural $B_p$ condition for the rectangle case is defined to characterize its boundedness. This fact let us to describe a sufficient condition for the two weight inequalities of the strong maximal function in terms of power and logarithmic bumps. Results for the multilinear version of this operator and for others multi(sub)linear maximal functions associated with bases of open sets are also studied.


The regioselective 1,4-addition reactions of copper thiocyanate catalyzed Grignard reagents to the
substituted chalcones are reported. The homogeneous solution of dilithium tetrachloromanganate is
used to transmetallate magnesium by using manganese. It adds regio-selectively to substituted chalcone
derivatives and forms 1,4-addition products with higher yield under nitrogen atmosphere and at a
lower temperature. It have been observed that manganese from dilithium tetrachloromanganate reagent
replaces magnesium from Grignard reagent and adds regioselectively by 1,4-addition manner utilizing
copper thiocyanate as a catalyst. The course of the reaction in the absence of dilithium
tetrachloromanganate reagent was also studied and obtained a mixture of 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition
products. In presence of dilithium tetrachloromanganate reagent, a good regio-selectivity and higher
yield of desired 1,4-addition product were obtained. All the synthesized compounds were also evaluated
for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli (Gramnegative)
and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger.


Angiotensin (Ang) II produces hypertension, endothelial dysfunction as well as vascular hypertrophy. mTOR is a key regulator of cell growth and protein synthesis, however the contribution of mTOR to hypertension and endothelial dysfunction produced by Ang II has not been previously elucidated. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that mTOR contributes to the hypertension and endothelial dysfunction produced by Ang II. C57Bl/6 mice were infused (via osmotic minipump) with vehicle or rapamycin (an inhibitor of mTOR; 2 mg/kg/d) for 10 days following which mice were then infused with Ang II (1000 ng/kg/min) plus vehicle or rapamycin for 14 subsequent days. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured on Days -10, 0, and 14 using tail-cuff plethysmography and vascular function was examined in carotid arteries (in vitro) on Day 14. Ang II infusion produced a significant degree (P 0.05) on SBP (eg, SBP: 110±6 vs. 116±9 mmHg, on Day 0 and Day 14 of co-infusion of rapamycin plus Ang II, respectively). Rapamycin alone or vehicle infusion had no effect (P>0.05) on blood pressure during Day -10 through Day 0. In terms of endothelial responses, acetylcholine-induced relaxation was impaired (P


China has carried out legal aid for many years.Being governmental behaviors,legal aid has obtained many achievements.Being a system,legal aid has functioned positively.It has also encountered many difficulties.Legal aid characterizes practicality of the constitution.Therefore,it's important to analyze and solve the problems and seek for the development path for legal aid in China in the view of constitutionalism.


In this paper, we study the iterative learning control (ILC) method for nonlinear multi-agent system (MAS) to reach finite-time synchronization under the directed communication graph. We propose the distributed D — type iterative learning control for system whose nonlinear function satisfies the global lipschitz continuous when the graph has a spinning tree. By choosing the parameter γ ∊ [0,1], the γ-adaptive iterative learning control rule (γ-AILC) can deal with the case of identical initial condition or alignment condition. In the end, Simulations are provided to illustrate the results.


Low-mass X-ray binaries containing weakly magnetized neutron stars may be divided into two classes, Z and atoll sources, based upon correlations between their X-ray timing properties and the patterns that they trace in plots of two X-ray colors. In this Letter we examine color-color diagrams of eight atoll sources and four Z sources using data from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. The 5 year span of data we have examined is significantly longer than the spans of previous studies. We find that the previous clear distinction between color-color diagrams from atoll and Z sources is an artifact of incomplete sampling, as those atoll sources that are sampled over a wide dynamic range in intensity (Fmax/Fmin ≳ 80) trace three-branched color-color patterns similar to the tracks for which Z sources are named. However, atoll sources trace this pattern over a larger range of luminosity and on much longer timescales than do Z sources and exhibit much harder spectra when they are faint, which argues against any simple unification scheme for the two classes of source.


It introduces an integrated fuzzy evaluation model, establishes an integrated evaluation index system of airport construction projects, constructs an evaluation model of airport construction project based on fuzzy mathematics. This model provides an efficient method to choose projects fairly and publicly.


Taimen Hucho taimen (Pallas, 1773) was once common in China, Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia but is disappearing now from its native region. This vulnerable species has considerable ecological importance but there are few data available on its biology. The limited available data on its systematics, distribution, ecology, reproduction and threats are summarized and discussed.


A series of questions, generated by Rotton and Kelly in response to Cyr and Kalpin's refutation of literature reviews which recommended that attempts to validate the lunar hypothesis be terminated, are addressed. We maintain that it is preferable for researchers to question whether any hypothesis is deemed tenable only after the most advanced methodologies and statistical analyses have been applied rather than to stop all investigations in an area based on results generated by a series of methodologically inconsistent studies which were analyzed inappropriately.


A novel, simple, sensitive and selective method for the indirect spectrophotometric determination of chromium(vi) was developed on the basis of vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLME) of an ion association pair formed between the triiodide anion (I3−) and cationic dye Astrazone Brilliant Red 4G (ABR). The indirect spectrophotometric determination of chromium(vi) was based on the redox-reaction of Cr(vi) with iodide and formed I3−. The triiodide anion was determined spectrophotometrically at 530 nm following VALLME of an ion association pair with ABR. The calibration plot was linear in the range 0.050–4.2 μg L−1 (R2 = 0.998), and limit of detection (LOD) was 0.015 μg L−1 for Cr(vi). The suggested procedure was successfully applied for the determination Cr(vi) in water samples (RSD 3.3–5.7%, recovery 97.7–102.8% when determining ultratrace levels Cr(vi) at 0.55–5.77 μg L−1), the accuracy of the method was assessed through a comparison with reference methods and certified reference materials.


Through the investigation into the humanistic spirit which is unique in Chinese traditional science and technology,we find that,differing from the thought characteristics of positivism and rationalism that western science and technology indicates,Chinese traditional science and technology,restrained by the special philosophical cultural structure in the long history of development,has built up the spiritual features of organic naturalism of laying stress on entirety rather than part,irrationalism of focusing on intuition but not positive analysis,and instrumentalism of emphasizing practical use rather than theory.The humanistic spirit,filled with care for human value,as showed in the traditional Chinese science and technology,is undoubtedly of positive significance to illuminating and restricting the negative effects in the process of contemporary science and technology and promoting the all-scale development of contemporary science and technology.


Does the seller of a house have to tell the buyer that the water is turned off twelve hours a day? Does the buyer of a great quantity of tobacco have to inform the seller that the military blockade of the local port, which had depressed tobacco sales and lowered prices, is about to end? Courts say yes in the first case, no in the second. How can we understand the difference in judgments? And what does it say about whether the psychiatrist should disclose to his patient's girlfriend that the patient wants to kill her? Kim Lane Scheppele answers the question, Which secrets are legal secrets and what makes them so? She challenges the economic theory of law, which argues that judges decide cases in ways that maximize efficiency, and she shows that judges use equality as an important principle in their decisions. In the course of thinking about secrets, Scheppele also explores broader questions about judicial reasoning how judges find meaning in legal texts and how they infuse every fact summary with the values of their legal culture. Finally, the specific insights about secrecy are shown to be consistent with a general moral theory of law that indicates what the content of law should be if the law is to be legitimate, a theory that sees legal justification as the opportunity to attract consent. This is more than a book about secrets. It is also a book about the limits of an economic view of law. Ultimately, it is a work in constructive legal theory, one that draws on moral philosophy, sociology, economics, and political theory to develop a new view of legal interpretation and legal morality."


Objective To establish a method for determining the content of Danshensu and Protocatechuic Aldehyde in Huoxue capsule. Methods The HPLC method was adopted for the determination. Danshensu and Protocatechuic Aldehyde were used as the standard. Detection wave length was set at 280 nm,the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.5 % HAc (30∶70). Results The linear range of Danshensu was 0.421~3.364 μg and Protocatechuic Aldehyde was 0.212~1.699 μg. The average recovery rate of Danshensu was 100.05% with RSD of 3.07% and Protocatechuic Aldehyde was 99.39% with RSD of 1.62%. Conclusion This method is accurate,specific and reliable for the quality control of Huoxue capsule.