........................................................................................................................ 32 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 32 Moral competence ........................................................................................................ 32 The Importance of moral competence in moral dilemmas ........................................ 34 Consequences for ethics education ............................................................................. 35 Starting points of ethics education .............................................................................. 36 Virtue ethics .................................................................................................................. 36 Socratic attitude ............................................................................................................ 38 'Living learning' .............................................................................................................40 The structure of the 'train-the-trainer' course in military ethics ............................... 43 Aim and target group .................................................................................................... 43 Course structure ............................................................................................................ 43 The content of the 'train-the-trainer' course in military ethics .................................44 Personal mastery .......................................................................................................... 45 Power: How does it work? ............................................................................................46 Blurring of moral standards ......................................................................................... 47 Experience .....................................................................................................................48 Participants' experiences .............................................................................................48 Trainers' experiences ....................................................................................................48 Discussion and conclusion ...........................................................................................49 Discussion points ..........................................................................................................49 9 Cotents Ehics edcation in he m itary Conclusion ......................................................................................................................51 References ......................................................................................................................51 Chapter 3: The relevance of Foucauldian art-of-living for ethics education in a military context; theory and practice ...........................................................................................55 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 56........................................................................................................................ 56 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 56 Art-of-living in the work of Nietzsche, Foucault and Hadot ....................................... 58 Nietzsche's concept of Bildung .................................................................................... 59 Foucault on techniques of the Self .............................................................................60 Hadot on spiritual exercises and the relationship with oneself ................................ 63 Case example: Art-of-living in the train-the-trainer course on military ethics .........64 Translating ideas on art-of-living in the train-the-trainer course on military ethics ..64 Example: Working on awareness ................................................................................. 67 Discussion .....................................................................................................................68 Military socialization and the internalization of power relations ..............................69 From 'Being free' to 'willing oneself free'.................................................................... 70 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 72 Notes on contributors ................................................................................................... 73 References ..................................................................................................................... 74 Chapter 4: Dancing boys and the moral dilemmas of military missions; the practice of bacha bazi in Afghanistan .................................................................................................... 79 Introduction ..................................................................................................................80 Moral dilemmas: Morally and culturally critical situations ......................................... 81 Method .......................................................................................................................... 83 Bacha bazi ..................................................................................................................... 85 Perception of bacha bazi in Afghanistan ..................................................................... 87 Bacha bazi and international military personnel guidelines ......................................88 Understanding bacha bazi: The perspective of Dutch military personnel .................91 Handling the bacha bazi moral dilemma ..................................................................... 92 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 95 References ..................................................................................................................... 97 Chapter 5: Moral dilemmas in a military context. A case study of a train-the-trainer course on military ethics ................................................................................................. 103 Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 104...................................................................................................................... 104 Moral competence .......................................................................................................105 The military organization ............................................................................................107 Context of the study: a train-the-trainer course on military ethics ..........................107 10 Et hi cs e du ca tio n in th e m ili ta ry


The present invention relates to a brake device of an industrial vehicle. The brake device of the present invention brakes the axle shaft by pressing a plurality of disks and plates alternately overlapped by the pressure of the parking piston moving along the axial direction by the cooperation of the operation plate and the ball. Further, a needle bearing is provided as a bearing means so as to reduce the frictional resistance in the circumferential direction of the parking piston between the plate and the parking piston. According to the present invention, by reducing the frictional resistance in the circumferential direction of the parking piston for braking the axle shaft due to the close contact of the disk and the plate, the parking force can be accurately transmitted without frictional loss, thereby providing braking during parking. The operation can be performed accurately and easily with little force.


The national reform agenda directs all hospitals to institute measures to identify, refer and support potential donors. An audit of deaths in regional Western Australia (WA) was completed to determine if potential missed organ donors exist. The seven regional hospitals with the greatest number of deaths in emergency departments (ED) were visited and deaths within 24 hours of admission were audited. Deaths that may have met the Australian clinical trigger for referral for possible donation were identified. These cases were then reviewed by a panel of hospital intensive care consultants, hospital medical directors of organ donation and clinical nurse consultants. Deaths were then categorised to determine the likelihood for potential donation and one case was identified as a potential missed donor. Whilst the case identified in this study may provide an opportunity to increase the organ donation rate, considerable logistical barriers exist as WA comprises one-third of the area of Australia with population centres more than 2,200 kilometres flying distance from the state's nearest intensive care facility.


Summarizing our reflections on the past eight weeks is a daunting task. The opportunity to provide leadership for a hospital that has met the challenge of caring for clients with SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) has been unique. It has given us new understanding of system-wide and organizational processes, crisis management, our staff, the true meaning of organizational culture and teamwork and our own capacity to sustain leadership in the face of uncertainty. The SARS outbreak unleashed an unprecedented demand for leadership, courage and resilience among healthcare providers. The discovery of a new, highly contagious illness, with an almost 20% mortality rate, thrust the Ontario healthcare system into an emergency unparallelled in recent times. Although our experience and that of other healthcare administrators is likely quite different from that of the frontline staff, it is rich with lessons learned that can be applied in the future. Indeed, our own personal involvement included home quarantine when one of our colleagues had been diagnosed as a suspected SARS case. It is difficult to explain the impact of these events to others who have not been as closely involved with the Toronto SARS crisis. When we shared our observation that this would change healthcare forever, we were often asked why. Between us, we have about 54 years of healthcare experience, yet neither of us has ever before witnessed such an enduring test of leadership. Creating an air of calm, competence, trust, transparency and confidence was probably the single most important element of managing this event. We have shared the stress and emotional upset of conveying messages that we knew would raise great anxiety. There is no more difficult task than to share the news that members of your own staff have been A SARS Postcard – Reflections of Two Healthcare Leaders


1. In submandibular salivary glands of cats in which the ducts have been tied for at least 3 days, the kallikrein activity of 'chorda' saliva is much reduced; but it is never absent, even after prolonged sympathetic stimulation.


ABSTRACT In the course of a two-hybrid screen with the NS1 protein of influenza virus, a human clone capable of coding for a protein with high homology to the Staufen protein from Drosophila melanogaster (dmStaufen) was identified. With these sequences used as a probe, cDNAs were isolated from a λ cDNA library. The encoded protein (hStaufen-like) contained four double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding domains with 55% similarity and 38% identity to those of dmStaufen, including identity at all residues involved in RNA binding. A recombinant protein containing all dsRNA-binding domains was expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tagged polypeptide. It showed dsRNA binding activity in vitro, with an apparentKd of 10−9 M. Using a specific antibody, we detected in human cells a major form of the hStaufen-like protein with an apparent molecular mass of 60 to 65 kDa. The intracellular localization of hStaufen-like protein was investigated by immunofluorescence using a series of markers for the cell compartments. Colocalization was observed with the rough endoplasmic reticulum but not with endosomes, cytoskeleton, or Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, sedimentation analyses indicated that hStaufen-like protein associates with polysomes. These results are discussed in relation to the possible functions of the protein.


Since as a set methods used to collect information about phenomena in a particular area of interest and build a reliable base of knowledge about them? This knowledge is obtained through research, which involves a scientist who is identifying an occurrence to study, developing hypotheses, collecting data, measuring and analyzing the data and writing a report


Al-Co3O4 composites were synthesized by a rheological phase reaction in combination with a following heat-treatment process using the aluminum spherules with particle size of 15 mm as matrix.XRD,SEM,particle size analysis and charge-discharge cycle were used to evaluate the obtained composites.The results show that the obtained Co3O4 are nanoparticles and deposited on the surface of Al matrix homogeneously.The participation of Co3O4 improves the cycle performance of pure Al.The composite displays the optimized discharge-charge capacity and cycle performance when the content of Co3O4 reaches 3%.


The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of cross-cultural differences between host and tourist communities as measured by their perceptions to tourism development in small island settings. Survey data is collected from two small islands in Peninsular Malaysia; Perhentian and Redang. Two sample groups were selected; hosts and tourists (Malay, Chinese, and English). The Mann-Whitney U-test is used to examine the significant differences in individual perception variables between the cultural groups. Principal component analysis is also used to further explore the relationship between the variables and identified groupings of perceptions toward tourism development. The findings of this study demonstrate that the perceptions of both stakeholders (hosts and tourists) vary across the cultural groups. Implications are discussed in the context of how host and tourist perceptions will affect future policy making and management of tourist destinations, particularly with regard to small island destinations.


MAIN In the recent study by Rosati et al, we described a novel unconventional T cell population enriched in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and characterised by a semiinvariant T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. However, the specificity of these Crohn'sassociated invariant T (CAIT) cells was not defined. Identifying the specificity of CAIT cells is essential to understand the origin of the antigen triggering their enrichment in CD. In our previous study, we observed that CAIT cells have TCRs similar to those reported for some natural killer T (NKT) type II cells. 3 Here, we performed a sequence similarity analysis and identified a large cluster composed of CAIT clonotypes and three reported NKT type II clonotypes (figure 1A). While the NKT type II and CAIT clonotypes all had highly similar TCR alpha chains carrying TRAV121/TRAJ6 genomic segments, their beta chains were highly diverse (figure 1A, bottom). Dash et al have shown that TCRs with similar sequences frequently have the same specificity. 6 In the original publications describing these clonotypes, the authors reported that the NKT type II cells recognise small molecules of the pentamethylbenzofuransulfonates (PBFs) family presented by the invariant HLAlike CD1d Letter


Aim:  The purpose of the present study was to compare relationships between the clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes in children and residual β‐cell secretion and long‐term metabolic control.


OBJECTIVES
We investigated how patients' psychological capacities to engage in psychotherapy predict changes in work ability in short- and long-term psychotherapy.

METHODS
A cohort study of 326 patients, aged 20-46 years and suffering from mood and anxiety disorders, treated by short-term solution-focused, short-term psychodynamic, or long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, followed-up for 5 years. The Suitability for Psychotherapy Scale, assessed at baseline, was the predictor. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at six follow-up occasions using the Work Ability Index as the primary indicator.

RESULTS
Patients with good pretreatment psychological suitability for psychotherapy, good reflective ability in particular, improved more than patients with poor suitability in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. Comparisons between therapy groups showed poorer suitability to predict more improvement in solution-focused and in long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy than in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.

CONCLUSION
Patients' psychological suitability for psychotherapy has a different impact on work ability in different therapy modalities and durations.


Asia-Europe relations have long been overshadowed by the predominance of the United States in the Asian region. The New Asia Strategy and the "Global Europe" strategy of the EU, which are adopted in 1994 and 2006 respectively, however, have changed the posture of the EU towards East Asia. The EU, which was extremely cautious in concluding a full-fledged FTA with non-European countries, has since then been negotiating a number of FTAs with Asian countries. This opens up a series of new opportunities for East Asia to enhance its relationship with the EU. The paper recommends the East Asian countries to pursue a two-track approach in order to fully materialize the potential for strengthening the bilateral relationship.


We study the financial value of subcontracting by analyzing a competitive stochastic investment game with recourse. The manufacturer and subcontractor decide separately on the capacity investment levels. Then demand uncertainty is resolved and both parties have the option to subcontract when deciding on their production and sales. First, we study price-only contracts where an ex-ante transfer price is set for each unit supplied by the subcontractor. We characterize the sub-game perfect investment strategy and present an outsourcing condition. Manufacturer and supplier capacity levels are imperfect substitutes that, surprisingly, are more sensitive to changes in the cost structure than in the revenue structure. Uncertainty is the key reason, and we show that manufacturers will subcontract more when the level or market risk increases and when markets are more negatively correlated. As with financial options, this is accompanied by an increase in the option value of subcontracting. Second, we consider an inconplete contract, so that both parties negotiate over the subcontracting transfer. Depending on the manufacturere's "bargaining power," system performance can exceed that with price-only contracts. Finally, the third contract type is a state-dependent price-only contract for which we show an equivalence result with the bargaining contract. While subcontracting with these three contract types improves system performance, it cannot eliminate all decentralization costs (or "coordinate" the supply system). Key Words: Real investments, capacity planning, subcontracting, outsourcing, supply contracts.


When scientists act unethically, their actions can cause harm to participants, undermine knowledge creation, and discredit the scientific community. Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training is one of the main ways institutions try to prevent scientists from acting unethically. However, this only addresses the problem if scientists value the training, and if the problem stems from ignorance. This study looks at what scientists think causes unethical behavior in science, with the hopes of improving RCR training by shaping it based on the views of the targeted audience (n = 14 scientists). Previous studies have surveyed scientists about what they believe causes unethical behavior using pre-defined response items. This study uses a qualitative research methodology to elicit scientists' beliefs without predefining the range of responses. The data for this phenomenographic study were collected from interviews which presented ethical case studies and asked subjects how they would respond to those situations. Categories and subcategories were created to organize their reasonings. This work will inform the development of future methods for preventing unethical behavior in research.


Increasing the proton intensity available for antiproton production is part of a plan for increasing the luminosity in the Fermilab Tevatron in the near future. We intend to increase the proton intensity using a kind of momentum stacking in the Main Injector called Slip Stacking. We report the status of the effort towards its implementation.


Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the world. In our hospital, there was no standardized protocol for diagnosis and treatment of this infection. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of implementing a multimodal strategy of active surveillance, diagnosis and treatment in the clinical outcome of patients with C. difficile infection. Methods Observational, retrospective, and analytical study that compared a multimodal strategy for the treatment of C. difficile infection against a traditional strategy, which consisted of treatment with either metronidazole or vancomycin with variable duration of therapy depending on the physician's choice. The multimodal strategy consisted of active surveillance of cases of nosocomial diarrhea, timely diagnosis (<12 hours), and standard treatment with oral vancomycin for a minimum of 10 days (125 mg po qid in mild and moderate illness, and 250 mg qid in severe disease). Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of C. difficile infection (PCR- Gene Xpert Cepheid) and inflammatory diarrhea were included. The study was carried out in a third-level hospital, in the period between September 2017 and December 2018. Results In 15 month study period, 92 cases of C. difficile infection were documented. All cases were caused by strain NAP1 / B1 / 027. Twenty-three patients (25%) had mild disease, 28 (30.4%) moderate illness and 41 (44.56%) complicated illness. Thirty-four patients were evaluated with multimodal strategy and 58 according to the traditional treatment. Only 24 patients (41%) in the traditional treatment group received treatment with oral vancomycin. The clinical outcomes of patients in the multimodal strategy against patients with the tradional strategy were: clinical cure 85.3% vs 37.9% (P = 0.02), recurrence 2.9% vs 17.2% (p = < 0.05) and death 11.8% vs 44.8%(p = < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion Unfortunately, in our country, there are no guidelines for the management of C. difficile infection, and in many hospitals, metronidazole is the most prescribed treatment. In this study, we documented that implementing a standardized strategy of surveillance, diagnosis and adequate treatment, reduced mortality related to C. difficile infection, recurrence, and achieved greater clinical cure. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Objective To investigate the effect of computer aided 3D simulation technique for treating shoulder joint fracture individually.Methods 90 patients with proximal humerus fractures and 30 patients with scapula fractures were treated surgically.All of them were followed up beyond or equal six months after surgery.60 patients were treated by traditionally surgery and the others were treated by digital aided technology.The patients in digital aided group got CT images 3D reconstruction and simulation,rapid prototyping and preoperation individually before operations.Then the surgeons could operate precisely.An retrospective study were underwent to compare the time of reduction and fixation during the operations,and the function of should joints at six months(according to Neer score evaluation system).Results 120 patients were followed up for 6-36(13.5±4.5)months.The time of reduction and fixation of surgery was 38-42(40.3±5.4)min and 47-65(53.3±5.7)min in the computer aided group and the traditional surgery group respectively,and the statistically difference was significant(P0.001).The volume of bleeding in operation was 70-100(80.3±15.9) ml in computer aided group and 95-120(100.7±10.4) ml in the traditional surgery group and the statistical difference was significant too.At 6 months follow up,the shoulder joint Neer scores of computer aided group(the excellent and good rate was 86.67%) were better than those in the traditional surgery group(79.3%).But the statistical difference was not significant(P0.05).Conclusions Computer aided 3D simulation individualized surgery can be used effectively to reduce reduction and fixation time during the operations and improve the surgical accuracy for shoulder joint fracture.


In the last ten years, reducing CO2 emissions has been a very important focus across all industries. To efficiently achieve carbon reduction in the power generation sector, various policies, regulations, and legislation have been proposed. In addition, new energy sources and technologies have been developed and widely adopted. In this study, current and future CO2 emissions from the domestic power generation sector were calculated and predicted based on two national power generation plans. The overall power plant efficiencies, operation rate of power plants, power capacities, and CO2 emissions for 2030 were predicted based on the 7th and 8th basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand in Korea. In addition, the CO2 emissions policies of several major countries announced in accordance with the Paris Climate Agreement were identified and compared with Korea's climate change policy. Finally, the improvement of power generation efficiencies and co-combustion of biomass with coal is recommended to help the reduction of the BAU-based CO2 emissions by 19.4%.


In his latest contribution to the application of Darwinian evolutionary thinking to the social sciences, W. G. Runciman conceives of human behavior as resulting from three levels of selection - biological, cultural, and social. These give rise, respectively, to evoked, acquired, and imposed patterns of behavior. The biological level is hardly controversial, but to draw a distinction between separate cultural and social selective processes is more problematic. Runciman takes memes to be the variants competitively selected at the cultural level and the practices constituting rule-governed roles to be the variants competitively selected at the social level - thus preserving separate spheres of research for anthropology and sociology. It is not clear, however, what drives cultural and social evolution. Nor are the three levels theoretically well integrated. The book's strength lies in the numerous examples provided of how the application of selectionist theory illuminates and enriches sociological and historical explanations and contributes to the construction of historical narrative.


The invention provides a preparation method for epoxidized soybean oil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) oxidation, wherein a raw material soybean oil in a tank truck is pumped into a soybean oil feed tank and a soybean oil elevated tank via a fourth pump, is quantified and is then added into a reaction vessel, hydrogen peroxide is pumped into a hydrogen peroxide elevated tank via a first pump, is quantified and is then added into the reaction vessel drop by drop, a catalyst sulfuric acid is added into the reaction vessel drop by drop via the hydrogen peroxide elevated tank, formic acid is added into the reaction vessel in one step, and prepared crude epoxidized soybean oil is discharged into an epoxy buffer tank; and (2) separation. The preparation method provided by the invention adopts a continuous discharging manner of the finished product; the raw materials consisting of soybean oil, hydrogen peroxide and formic acid become a semi-finished product after reaction in the oxidation reaction vessel; the semi-finished product undergoes neutralization by alkali lye and separation by a disc separator so as to separate moisture and impurities in the semi-finished product; and the finished product is continuously discharged.


Impact of feeding juvenile tench (Tinca tinca (L.)) feeds supplemented with vegetable oils on hematological indexes and liver histology The aim of the study was to identify the impact of feeding juvenile tench commercial feed supplemented with fish oil, linseed oil, arachide oil, and rapeseed oil on the hematology, cytology, and histology indexes of the liver. The fish were reared in a recirculating system and fed feed containing 470 g protein kg-1 feed and 120 g fat kg-1 feed (1000 g of base feed containing 70 g fat kg-1 feed was supplemented with 50 g of additional fat, i.e., fish oil (FO) or vegetable oils - linseed oil (LO), arachide oil (AO), or rapeseed oil (RO)). Statistically significant inter-group differences were noted for hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) counts, and other red blood cell indexes, including mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P < 0.05). The lowest Ht and Hb values were noted in fish fed feed supplemented with fish oil (group FO), while the highest was noted in the tench from group AO. These differences were mainly caused by the occurrence of smaller erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of the fish from the FO group. No pathological changes were observed in the blood cells, which was in contrast to the parenchymal cells of the liver. Congestion, lipid vacuolization in hepatocytes, regressive changes in cytoplasm density, nuclear chromatin, and nucleus disintegration were observed in all fish. These changes were more pronounced in groups LO and AO. The fish from these groups were characterized by smaller hepatocytes and significantly higher nucleocytoplasmic ratios (P < 0.05).


Donald Richie, who passed away on 19 February 2013 at the age of 88, was an expatriate American who arrived in Japan in 1947 with the US occupation forces. Richie spent his childhood in the small town of Lima, Ohio, and like others of his generation such as the Kyōgen enthusiast Don Kenny, the occupation was a watershed moment that enabled his artistic and bohemian interests to flourish in the turbulent first decades of postwar Tokyo. Soon after his arrival in Tokyo, Richie began writing about Japanese theatre, Tokyo's urban culture, and Japanese arts and matsuri festivals for the US military newspaper Stars and Stripes. A writer of considerable expressive range and humanity, over the years he wrote books, newspaper features, diaries and articles on Japanese cinema, literature, plays, artistic society and the everyday life of Tokyo. For many years, he was the arts editor of the Japan Times newspaper, and reported on Japanese performance and arts events to expatriate English language readers who would otherwise have been largely unaware of them. With Joseph Anderson, Richie wrote the first English language study of Japanese cinema, The Japanese Film: Art and Industry (1959), a work that remains an important text in Japanese cinema studies. Richie's other major film studies are: The Films of Akira Kurosawa (1965); Ozu: His Life and Films (1974); and A Hundred Years of Japanese Film (2001). His deep appreciation of the work of Ozu Yasujiro led to a substantive reappraisal of Ozu's work outside of Japan, and Richie was Ozu's most erudite interpreter. He worked extensively, especially in the 1960s, to introduce Ozu's work through European and North American film festival exhibition. In the final decade of his life, Richie collaborated frequently with the Criterion Collection DVD company in the form of spoken commentaries, for Japanese films and also for those of the European directors he most admired, such as Robert Bresson (alongside Bela Tarr and Andrei Tarkovsky); the concentrated, spontaneous form of the vocal commentary brought out his deep knowledge and love of film in illuminating ways. Richie had his particular favourites among Japanese directors, and was caustic and forthright about the aspects of contemporary Japanese film which riled him. In the mid-1950s Richie was living in Meredith Weatherby's farmhouse, moved from its original location in rural Japan to downtown Roppongi. Weatherby was the founder of Weatherhill, a publisher of postwar literature in translation including works by the prominent writer Mishima Yukio, with whom Richie formed an enduring friendship. Richie was immersed in a literary milieu of poets, writers and translators and by the 1960s, when contemporary arts were flourishing, he participated in the bohemian subcultural world of prominent artists, intellectuals and an array of anti-establishment figures. In the 1960s Richie made a number of important experimental films, sometimes collaborating with key figures in the emerging avant-garde performance scene. Among them are Gisei (Sacrifice, 1959) and Wargames (1962), both made with the involvement of the butoh performer Hijikata Tatsumi. Sacrifice was the first-ever filmic documentation of Hijikata's butoh performance art, which would become internationally celebrated Japanese Studies, 2013 Vol. 33, No. 2, 217–220, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2013.827306


Choosing to participate in corporate reporting awards may be an efficient way for companies to signal their earnings quality or other positive reporting qualities such as transparency. This study investigates the link between corporate reporting awards (CRA) and financial reporting quality. We explore whether financial performance and earnings quality (i.e. accrual quality) predict the choice to participate in CRA and whether earnings quality predicts winning versus losing firms. We find that firms with stronger financial performance are more likely to participate in CRA. Further firms with higher earnings quality, who arguably are more likely to transparently report earnings, are significantly more likely to participate in CRA. However, we find no evidence that firms with higher earnings quality are more likely to win an award than other participants. This suggests that the qualitative criteria applied by the judges to distinguish winners from participants are not a substitute for measures of accruals quality and users of reporting award results should not view winning the awards as a reliable signal of earnings quality.


Managers can teach staff many skills but often the most difficult lesson for employees to learn is they need to be aware of the chaos they consciously or unconsciously create.


This paper proposes the selective collection and recycling as alternative ways to promote the social inclusion in Brazil and help the country to eradicate extreme poverty and misery and achieve the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG1) of the UN. This work is based on the data from a Brazilian metropolitan city of Campinas and is extended to Brazil. The results show that the municipality of Campinas collects monthly 8000 tons of recyclables which if recycled can avail jobs to nearly 13,000 waste collectors with a minimum national salary of R$ 622/month or alternatively can create 40,280 Family Grants of R$ 200/month. In Brazil, the collected recyclables potential is about 2.4 million tons per month which can avail jobs to 2,350945 waste collectors or alternatively create about 7.3 millions Family Grants.


The article contains a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign research exploring the phenomenon of single father hood. The most significant pedagogical and psychological aspects of child-rearing in single male parent families dealt with in Russian and foreign studies have been examined along with the results of the authors' empirical research into the characteristics of parental responsibilities and single-father parenting strategies.


Both tetragonal (t) and monoclinic (m) ZrO2 particles in ZrO2-toughened Al2O3 can give rise to toughening. In the stress field of propagating cracks, the t-ZrO2 particles can undergo the stress-induced t→m transformation, and the residual stresses around already-transformed m-ZrO2 particles can cause microcracking. The t-ZrO2 particles transformed in crack tip stress fields do not, however, also cause appreciable microcracking. The toughening increments via these distinct mechanisms are comparable. It appears that optimally fabricated Zr02-toughened Al2O3's should contain a mixture of t- and m-ZrO2.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an anionic aqueous dispersion of α-olefin-vinyl acetate-based elastomer particles having excellent storage stability and oil resistance to a molded product and further to provide a method for producing the aqueous dispersion, a molded product and a resorcin-formalin-latex adhesive agent produced using the aqueous dispersion.SOLUTION: There is provided an anionic aqueous dispersion of α-olefin-vinyl acetate-based elastomer particles which contains an aqueous medium, α-olefin-vinyl acetate-based elastomer particles and an anionic surfactant.SELECTED DRAWING: None


Infrared film is sensitive to the infrared radiation, or heat, that even small traces of paint and other pigments absorb or reflect when illuminated with visible light


See Editor's Preamble, p 418

Francois Abboud

How the central nervous system receives signals from the peripheral circulation and then regulates cardiac output and vascular resistance accordingly has been the focus of Francois Abboud's research for several decades. His contributions to this large field began with investigations at the integrated systems level.1–4 But, work soon progressed to the molecular and genetic level, with Abboud's particular focus being the form and function of baroreceptor neurons.5–9

As Abboud explained in a recent interview, however, research is just one third of his professional passion. He is also, in equal parts, a dedicated physician and mentor.

Abboud, who is Professor of Medicine, Molecular Physiology, and Biophysics, and Director of the Cardiovascular Research Center at the University of Iowa, has been living in the United States since 1955, but he was born and raised in Cairo, Egypt. Abboud spoke to Circulation Research about the Egypt he remembers, his move to the United States, and his career in cardiology ever since.

Where do I begin? My mother ran a private school at our house. The school was on the first level, and we lived on the second and third floor. My mother worked very hard and managed both the school and our household. She actually hired my father and one of her brothers to teach. My father was an English teacher and had a second job with the telephone company, but wanted to continue to pursue graduate education. So, when I was going to medical school he was going to Journalism School at the University of Cairo. We often met as students on campus. After his graduation, he became an editor at the major Egyptian newspaper, Al Ahram .

In our house there was also my sister and my 3 …


We have proposed a method using electron microscopy and the gas adsorption method to determine the submicrometer-particle content quantitatively in powder prepared by pulsed wire discharge. The mean surface diameter obtained by the gas adsorption method was larger than that obtained by electron microscopy. The submicrometer-particle content was successfully calculated by the ratio of mean surface diameters. It was found that this method made quantitative determination of the submicrometer-particle content possible.


Five provenances of Cupressus torulosa collected from Garhwal Himalaya were studied for their cone and seed characteristics and germination behaviour. The three different sizes of cones i.e., large (1.98 x 1.71 - 2.23 x 1.78 cm), medium (1.61 x 1.38 - 1.81 x 1.60 cm) and small (1.38 x 1.71 - 1.60 x 1.49 cm) were observed in this species. The cone moisture content varied from 46.55-62.05%. The largest seeds were observed in Mandal provenance (0.48 ± 0.004cm x 0.44 ± 0.007cm) and the smallest (0.25 ± 0.007cm x 0.22 ± 0.005cm) in Gwaldam provenance. The seed mass was maximum (1.11 ± 0.036g /100 seeds on fresh weight basis) in New Tehri provenance and minimum (0.540 ± 0.011g/100 seeds on the fresh weight basis) in Mandal provenance. The highest germination (66.0 ± 3.68%) was observed in Mandal provenance at 10°C under prechilled conditions and the lowest germination (14.0 ± 1.00%) at 20°C in Mandal provenance under controlled conditions.


This paper emphasizes traffic education and espouses the significance of training and retraining schemes. A thorough appreciation of this becomes an essential tool in effective planning and performance of road safety management. The paper further shows education, training and publicity guaranteeing a sustainable road safety in Nigeria. The paper sets appropriate framework and guidelines for training of transport operators through joint/integrated teaching, transport institutes and information mode. Appropriate geographic/traffic information system techniques/strategies, efficient use of road signs, signals, mass media, constant publicity, symposia, lectures and demonstrations need to be adopted to educate, appeal and diffuse knowledge on the efficient and optimal use of roads and accident prevention and reduction. For the covering abstract see ITRD E108910.


This paper proposes a neural network model based on K-means to process the problem of data missing. The method first clusters the samples according to the attributes without missing values to get several clusters, and then puts these clusters into different neural networks to predict the missing values. In this paper, the data can be divided into two types: the continuous numerical type and the discrete numerical type. At the same time, corresponding neural network models are established for these two types. We conduct experiments on the dataset called Human Development Index and Its Components, showing our method to be feasible and superior.


9-Hydroxypyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (5) was prepared by condensation of 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine with isopropylidene aminomethylenemalonate. The reaction first led to an enaminoester intermediate which underwent cyclization by heating at 250° affording the new heterocyclic phenol 5. A similar condensation performed on 2-amino-3-benzyloxypyridine yielded the corresponding benzylic ether which can be easily debenzylated to 5 by hydrogenolysis. Furthermore 2-amino-3-benzyloxypyridine condensed with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate gave 9-benzyloxy-3-ethoxycarbonylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one which was also debenzylated to the corresponding free phenol.


Background. It was shown that prenatal exposure to peat smoke leads to disturbances of fetal and postnatal development in rats. Genotoxic mechanisms may be involved to these deleterious effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the DNA damage and its modification by known antimutagen afobazole in placenta and embryo of rats, exposed to peat smoke. Materials and methods. Pregnant rats were exposed to filtered air (control), to peat smoke or to peat smoke with receiving of afobazole (1 or 10 mg/kg, per os) for 44 min, daily during days 1 to 13 of gestation. At the day 13 four placenta and embryo samples from each rat were obtained for DNA damage analysis using the alkaline comet assay. Results. A significant, 4-5 folds increase in the DNA damage values (% DNA in tail) was found in placenta and embryos of rats exposed to peat smoke. Genotoxic effects were generally more pronounced in placenta. Exposure to peat smoke together with receiving of afobazole at the doses 1 and 10 mg/kg showed a significant, 53-60 % decrease in the mean % DNA in tail values in both placenta and embryos. Clear inter and intra-individual differences in genotoxic as well as in antigenotoxic effects were observed. For the some placenta or embryo samples were seen reducing of DNA damage to the control level. Conclusion. Exposure of pregnant rats to peat smoke causes DNA damage in placenta and embryos. This smoke-induced genotoxicity might be decreased or prevented by antimutagenic agents.


Wound infections are the most common hospital-acquired infections in surgical patients. The authors studied antibiotic use and bacterial sensitivities prior to preparing guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. Usage was again studied after guidelines were implemented. (non-author abstract)


Abstract : Our scientific goal is to develop an improved capability for mapping the fine-scale horizontal and vertical distributions of mesozooplankton and other comparably sized particles in the oceans. Mapping of organisms in relation to environmental factors will help to understand the processes that lead to fine-scale patchiness. In-order to collect such biological and physical data, we require a system capable of quantifying zooplankton distributions and abundances on appropriate scales. A central component of this project is to develop a profiling instrument capable of collecting high-resolution images of zooplankton and other particles in the water column and concurrent environmental data on comparable spatial and temporal scales.


Objective To discuss the feasibility of RT-3DE(Real time 3-dimensional echocardiography)in independently guiding closure of OSD(Ostium secundum defect);and the combination of X-ray with2-DE(2-dimensional echocardiography)and only RT-3DE in guiding the operation were compared.Methods The eight cases of closure OSD had been guided only by PHILIPS Sonos7500Live3D ultrasound system from September to December,2003.The patients were diagnosed by RT-3DE and X-ray before operation,the superior effect of the operation were proved by RT-3DE.Results All the operations were performed successfully,the patients could act freely later six hours after the end of operation,and they could be discharged from the hospital later1-2days;the complications of remnant diffluence,arrhythmia,cardiac tamponade,embolism and the shedding of occluder were not observed.Follow-ups of1-3months,no remnant diffluence could be found,the occluder in right position,and the size of right atrium and right ventride was decreased.Conclusion RT-3DE can guide closure of OSD inde-pendently,and has the advantage of displaying the three-dimensional structure of OSD at real time,the position and the adjacent relation of dissection,what are more the patients needn't X-ray and contrast examination.


As a contrast to the monopoly statue in Chinese financial market,the rate of profit of Chinese state-owned commercial banks is quite low.The reason is that the development of capital market and the reforms on state-owned banks is not in harmony.Currently,Chinese commercial banks were not allowed to get access to securities market,and cannot play an active role in the re-allocation of state-owned enterprises ,capital.In order to keep pace with the quick development of capital market,state-owned banks must speed up their reforms aiming at changing the operational mechanism and improving the competitive ability.


SUMMARY In this paper, a numerical method for solving the Biot poroelastic equations is developed. These equations comprise acoustic (typically water) and elastic (porous medium frame) equations, which are coupled mainly through fluid/solid drag terms. This wave solution is coupled to a simplified form of Maxwell's equations, which is solved for the streaming potential resulting from electrokinesis. The ultimate aim is to use the generated electrical signals to provide porosity, permeability and other information about the formation surrounding a borehole. The electrical signals are generated through electrokinesis by seismic waves causing movement of the fluid through pores or fractures of a porous medium. The focus of this paper is the numerical solution of the Biot equations in displacement form, which is achieved using a mixed finite-element formulation with a different finite-element representation for displacements and stresses. The mixed formulation is used in order to reduce spurious displacement modes and fluid shear waves in the numerical solutions. These equations are solved in the time domain using an implicit unconditionally stable time-stepping method using iterative solution methods amenable to solving large systems of equations. The resulting model is embodied in the MODELLING OF ACOUSTICS, POROELASTICS AND ELECTROKINETICS (MAPEK) computer model for electroseismic analysis.


Using time-dependent measurements and calculations of line-intensity ratios, we have determined the electron temperature of a surface flashover anode plasma in an intense ion diode to be 5\char21{}8 eV. The electron temperature was determined independently from C iii, Mg ii, and Al iii line intensities. The calculations accounted for the continuous particle flow from the anode surface into the plasma using the measured electron density. Furthermore, the electron-temperature gradient in the plasma was observed and found to be l1 eV/mm. The assumption that the plasma conductivity is classical, resulting in the electron heating being dominated by the currents induced in the plasma by the electron flow in the diode gap, was found to be in clear disagreement with the observed temperature gradient. The use of an anomalous plasma conductivity that is \ensuremath{\simeq}10\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} lower than the classical conductivity, which was previously suggested based on the magnetic field penetration into the plasma and the plasma expansion against the magnetic field, yields electron heating dominated by the pressure-driven current in the plasma. This can explain the electron heating and the electron-temperature gradient observed.


According to the research on the groundwater in Bayan County,the conclusion has been drawn that Bayan belongs to the area which water resource lacks and has very limited for exploitation.It suggests that groundwater should be careful,make scientific plan,prevent overdraft and destroying eco-system.And it should build the ocntrolling project of surface water resource and make full use of surface water resource and push social economic development.


Gene Therapy to Counter HIV InfectionInvestigators have designed a protein that, when expressed from transduced muscle, blocks infection with the human immunodeficiency virus in humanized mice and infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus in macaque monkeys.


This research is conducted to investigate the relationship between factors of electronic word-of-mouth on social media networking sites towards Malaysia Airline reputation on case mystery of aircraft MH370. In addition, this research is to determine the most factor of electronic word-of-mouth on social media networking sites that affecting Malaysia Airline reputation on case mystery of aircraft MH370. This research' scope is focus on the passengers who had experienced with the service of Malaysia Airline after case MH370 and had spread electronic word-of-mouth on social media networking sites on that case. This research is using the useable sample of 200 respondents to answer the questionnaire at Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Airport, Kuantan. The results indicated that information sharing desire, customer satisfaction, self-presentation desire and reward factor on electronic word-of-mouth on social media networking sites has relationship towards Malaysia Airline reputation on that case. In addition, self-presentation desire is the factor of electronic word-of-mouth on social media networking sites that mostly affecting Malaysia Airline reputation on quality of products and services on case mystery of aircraft MH370. The findings reveal several implications were drawn based on the results of the research as to enhance Malaysia Airlines reputation besides for the purpose of the future research.


to create a theory that is interesting, if not always clear or supported by the data. The Alesina and Carliner book is an attempt to apply the insights of public choice theory to economic events under the Reagan administration. There is a conscious attempt on the part of most (but not all) of these writers to eschew their usual mathematical models and quantitative tests and to make what they have to say more accessible to the mathematically impaired. There are two obvious questions. One is, What does the book have to say about the political roots of the economic changes under Reagan? The second is, When shorn of the equations, what insights does the public choice perspective give into economic policy making? The articles in the book deal with most of the major macro policy areas. They discuss political business cycles, monetary policy, tax policy, welfare expenditures, the deficit, trade policy, the savings-and-loan crisis, and minimum wage legislation. Most of the articles contain as part of their substance a brief summary of developments in each area in the 1980s. With the exception of the article on the deficit (which I found misleading), these minihistories are well executed and informative, going beyond mere description to provide insights into the motivations of key policymakers and how external events impinged on them. I. M. Destler's account of trade policy developments is especially well done. The articles also contain excellent summaries of the state of the art in the public choice literature. Anyone wanting to find out what the public choice theorists have been doing in this and related areas in the last five years could not find a better place to start. Fiorina's summary of the political business cycle literature is especially masterful. But what does this approach teach us that we did not know before? The answer is not a whole lot. We learn that presidents do better when the economy is strong; that regulatory agencies get captured by members of congress, who themselves get captured by active constituents; that the vote of members of congress is affected by their party affiliation and their ideology; that when the two parts of Congress are in the hands of different parties, there is more conflict and that this conflict is often resolved by increasing expenditures; and that the president's veto power is important. While these points are developed professionally and applied well to the data, they are not breakthrough insights. The book is blessed with a number of smaller insights and elaborations on common models that add to our knowledge on the margins. But there are also one or two more provocative insights. My own favorites were the ruminations on the role of the Federal Reserve and the Office of Trade Protection in the articles by Jim Alt and I. M. Destler. The latter has an interesting variant on Kane's (1987) model of regulatory agencies as convenient scapegoats. Alt uses principal-agent theory to combine the somewhat disparate evidence on who really controls monetary policy. I also liked Fiorina's attempt to show that party affiliation was a lagged effect of economic policy. While I was unconvinced by his model specifications and found his evidence less than aweinspiring, the idea is one that I have always thought had possibilities; and Fiorina makes a good logical case for it. While these chapters have many virtues, they also have omissions and shortcomings. The most obvious is the excessive concentration on Congress. While Martin gives Congress too little attention, the writers in this book give it too much. Eager to combat the view that Reagan altered policy, this group of congressional specialists want to attribute most of the changes to Congress. Six of the eight papers look at little but Congress, and all downplay the role of the president. Private actors are important only insofar as they affect congressional action and are viewed through a congressional filter. This concentration often produces interesting insights into how Congress deals with economic policy, but it gives a somewhat distorted view of the total policy realm. There is also an excessive tendency to claim that extraordinary policies followed from ordinary political processes. While this might be plausible once, it is less plausible over the entire range of policies. Finally, while many of the explanations offered were reasonable, others would often have been equally reasonable. Congressional timidity on trade issues could be due to a fear of being labeled unpatriotic when the president is combatting trade antagonists; deficits could be due to changing economic views, rather than a divided Congress; the savings-and-loan crisis could be primarily the result of Reagan's policy and high deficits, rather than congressional capture; and so on. The two books together show that what one gets out of the process depends significantly on the models one takes into it. The Martin book comes out of traditions that emphasize the state, business power, and ideology; and she finds that corporate taxes are formed by an executive-business alliance that is affected by current growth ideology. Most of those writing in the Alesina and Carliner collection study Congress, and believe in the power of rational self-interest and institutional structure to shape outcomes; and they find that economic policy outcomes are largely determined by congressional structure and the self-interest of members of Congress. Such specialization is both the strength and the weakness of these books. Overall, these are good books written by intelligent people in a difficult area. While the Alesina and Carliner volume is clearly the stronger of the two books, both are well worth reading, and both add to our knowledge about economic policy and our understanding of the uses and misuses of political models.


A successful development of an effective quench detection and protection method for a high temperature superconducting (HTS) coil based on a HTS coated conductor tape lays on a thorough understanding of its slowly propagating, 3D quench behavior. Toward this goal, a 3D micrometer scale FE thermomagnetostatic HTS tape model composed of laminated high aspect ratio thin layers is developed. The physics from all layers are accounted for in real dimensions. The modeling problem of laminated high aspect ratio thin layers is tackled effectively by using a weakform, mixed-dimensional modeling approach through the use of interior boundaries. The interior boundaries also served as a bridge coupling the 2D and 3D physics. This also efficiently addresses the convergence problem in solving a FE model composed of domains with vastly different material properties. The model is validated numerically and experimentally; results show that it is capable of reproducing physical quench behavior accurately.


October 2007 by Raj Patel INTRODUCTION Many have welcomed the 2008 World Development Report on Agriculture as a sign of the World Bank's nascent interest in the profession of the world's poorest.1 The World Bank has, however, long been involved in food and farming systems. This report provides a broad overview, together with some detailed case studies, of the precise impacts of the World Bank's involvement with agriculture. The Bank's policies, particularly those promoting structural (...)


Protoplast fusion was studied to breed a koji-mold, Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi, used for making a Japanese spirit, shochu. Protoplasts were obtained from mycelia of two biochemical mutants using an enzyme system from Trichoderma viride consisting of mainly β-1, 3-glueanase and chitinase. Approximately 10-20% of these protoplasts regenerated on a solid culture medium with a soft agar overlay. When the two types of protoplasts were treated with a fusogen including 35% polyethylene glycol, they fused effectively and formed a heterokaryon. A strain obtained from the hetrokaryon using d-camphor showed high stability (98.8%) and numerical sporulation, and produced the same levels of amylase and citric acid as those by the original strain. From these results and the formation of recombinants, the new strain was assumed to be a heterozygous diploid. The appearance frequency of the diploid was 2.9 × 10-2. The existence of a parasexual cycle in this fungus was also discovered, using the protoplast fusion technique.


Background: Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) promotes tissue repair by increasing cell survival, endogenous stem cell recruitment and vasculogenesis. Preclinical studies demonstrated that non-...


The magnetic biocomposite (MBCs) was synthesized using co-precipitation method and applied as a highly efficient adsorbent for the sequestration of organic dye from aqueous solution. Methylene blue (MB) was selected as a model cationic dye to examine the adsorption behavior of magnetic composite. A very fast adsorption rate was observed by the nonimmobilized adsorbent compared to immobilized adsorbents and could be well described by the pseudo second order kinetic model. The effect of initial solution pH, initial concentration, agitation speed and contact time was systematically investigated. Langmuir monolayer capacity had a mean value of 232.66 mg/g. The adsorption performance of methylene blue on to MBCs was strongly dependent on initial solution pH. Further, the recycling experiments showed good reusability of MBCs.


Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are required to be able to participate in developing their country's economy, especially in developing economic growth, because their role is considered very important in order to increase per capita income and improve the economy of a region. The marketing industry has undergone recent changes as a result of the information technology revolution. Business people are encouraged to adapt in order to keep up with the faster changes in business styles towards digitalization. A company's digital marketing strategy is now an important component. The purpose of this socialization and training activity is to encourage and motivate all MSME actors in Halong Village to introduce and train MSMEs in the use of digitalization to market products to the public


We prove a first Kronecker limit formula for cofinite discrete subgroups of SL$(2,\mathbb{C})$, also called Kleinian groups, generalizing a method of Goldstein over SL$(2,\mathbb R)$. The proof uses the Fourier expansion of Eisenstein series, leading to an analogue of the logarithm of the Dedekind eta function, and whose transformation law produces a function analogous to one related to Dedekind sums. We derive several basic properties of this new function.


Funding of an additional £100,000 from the London Marathon Charitable Trust has just been awarded to carry out works to the playing fields at Hervey Road.


In this paper we take a look at GPU-Quicksort, an efficient Quicksort algorithm suitable for the highly parallel multi-core graphics processors. Quicksort had previously been considered an inefficient sorting solution for graphics processors, but GPU-Quicksort often performs better than the fastest known sorting implementations for graphics processors, such as radix and bitonic sort. Quicksort can thus be seen as a viable alternative for sorting large quantities of data on graphics processors.
 We also take look at a comparison of different load balancing schemes. To get maximum performance on the many-core graphics processors it is important to have an even balance of the workload so that all processing units contribute equally to the task at hand. This can be hard to achieve when the cost of a task is not known beforehand and when new sub-tasks are created dynamically during execution. With the recent advent of scatter operations and atomic hardware primitives it is now possible to bring some of the more elaborate dynamic load balancing schemes from the conventional SMP systems domain to the graphics processor domain.


Yuan Ming Yuan,a large royal garden created and operated by the Qing Dynasty emperors for more than 150 years,is located in Haidian District,a western suburb of Beijing and plays a very important role in world history. This paper uses Yan Qing Tang site as an example for exploring how to preserve other structures in the Yuan Ming Yuan ruin.The survey utilized four manually-dug exploratory wells to clarify part of Yan Qing Tang's foundations, specifically to provide information about the natural and saturated uniaxial compressive strength of the lime-soils using the uniaxial compression test.The uniaxial compressive strength of the lime-soils at different depths was analyzed and compared.We conclude that the marble stone foundation is in danger of being lost and needs special protection;the top and the base of the concrete foundation have low uniaxial compressive strength while the middle part has higher strength.Both the stone foundations and the lime-soils exposed at the surface need protection.


The utility model discloses a distilling coffee maker. The distilling coffee maker comprises an upper pot, a lower port and a funnel, wherein a butting groove is arranged at the lower part of the upper pot, and at least an upper buckling strip is arranged at one side of the wall of the butting groove. A butting part is arranged at the upper part of the lower pot, a lower buckling strip corresponding to the upper buckling strip and a limiting part positioned at one side of one end of the lower buckling strip are arranged at one side of the external wall of the butting part, the butting part is contained in the butting groove, the upper buckling strip is positioned under the lower buckling strip, and the limiting part is positioned at one end of the upper buckling strip. The distilling coffee maker is convenient for connecting the upper pot and the lower pot, and has no head joint due to misalignment and locking; in addition, when the upper pot and the lower pot are non-rotating bodies, the upper position corresponds to the lower position after the upper pot and the lower pot are tightened, thereby keeping the shape consistent and finally being convenient for the user to use.


Co-ordination of Al-ions and the bond length of Al-O in high alumina glass were determined by the radial distribution function analysis using X-ray diffraction technique. A silica glass, two kind of Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O glasses and an Al2O3-SiO2-MgO glass were employed for the analysis.The radial distribution function of these test pieces were computed with the diffracted intensities which were counted with fixed time method by scintillation detector plus pulseheight analyzer applying filtered Cu and Mo radiations. The bond length between the atoms were estimated from radial distribution curves and the results obtained were as follows:Si-O 1.60A Si-Si 3.15AAl-O 1.73A Al-Al 3.30AMg-O 1.93AThe co-ordination numbers of Al-ions evaluated from radial distribution function analysis as follows:These corresponded to 5.1-fold when the ratio of Al2O3/Na2O in the glass was 1.63, and 4.6-fold when the ratio was 0.87.These values were agreed well with the values obtained from the X-ray fluorecence study.


When the number of heat consuming installation changes, the redistribution of hot water flux in heatsupply system is illustrated by the hydraulic calculation of an existing heatsupply system. Other factors in operation of heatsupply system are also discussed and analyzed.


An analytical characterization of the conditions for double decoupling in doubly odd deformed nuclei is given within the framework of the rotational mode. The stimulus for this investigation originates in the observation of a band in /sup 186/Ir, which is possibly the first case where such a coupling scheme is realized.


The Alameda Transportation Corridor is a significant new commitment on the part of the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to improve and increase rail and highway access and capacity into and through the harbor complex. Surface transportation, the ability to move all types of cargo unrestricted into and out one of the largest port complexes in the world, will be a critical factor in the future growth potential of the San Pedro Bay ports. The Alameda Transportation Corridor appears to be the key to the future growth potential of the ports.


Research was initiated in 1998 on geochemical methods of exploration for copper porphyry deposits buried under thick, lithified piedmont gravel cover in the Atacama Desert, Chile. Early data suggest that mineralized, saline groundwater has been episodically forced up through fracture zones to the surface during earthquakes, creating geochemical anomalies above ore deposits. Follow-up research supported by the Canadian Mining Industry Research Organization (CAMIRO) examined the composition of both groundwater and surface anomalies, confirming a link between the two. Further work suggests that the geochemical anomalies are the surface expression of a process common to the metallogenic evolution of many deposits. Porphyry intrusion and hypogene mineralization are controlled by faults, and are followed by supergene enrichment in a semi-arid climate. After burial by Miocene gravels, the climate changed to hyper-arid; estimates of the onset of hyperaridity vary from mid-Miocene (11–14 Ma) to Pliocene (~3–5 Ma). Since then, saline dewatering of the basement along long-lived faults has converted the original supergene copper oxide assemblage, formed in equilibrium with meteoric water and lacking atacamite, to one containing atacamite [Cu2Cl(OH)3], the copper mineral especially associated with northern Chile. This interpretation is supported by studies showing that the salinity of fluid inclusions in atacamite is similar to that of local groundwater and that atacamite is considerably younger than the co-existing supergene alteration.


Objective To explore the effect of inhaling Iloprost on brain-body mental-physiology capability of young people exposed to 5 200m high altitude.Methods 32 subjects who reached 5 200m altitude from 1 400m altitude were divided into two groups: 16 in experiment group and 16 in control group.After they reached 5 200m altitude,experiment group inhaled one dose Iloprost and control group atomization inhaled physiological saline four times daily for 5 days.The brain-body mental-physiology capability detection such as both-hands-cross frequency and depl-memory test were performed by type DDX-200 multifunction psychological machine.Results There were comparisons between experiment group and control group.Both-hands-cross frequency: the cumulative time were all(10±0)s,total numbers were(87.24±17.67)times and(72.92±15.38)times,correct numbers were(85.06±15.18)times and(71.19±14.81)times,wrong numbers were(1.47±0.74)times and(2.96±2.01)times.Depl-memory test: the total numbers were(17±0)times,wrong numbers were(1.72±0.88)times and(2.96±2.01)times,the differences showed statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion Iloprost can improve brain-body mental-physiology capability and altitude acclimatization,prevent and treat acute mountain reaction at high altitude.


Imagine that CureCo, Inc., is the exclusive seller of a patented product that yields hundreds of millions of dollars per year in revenues. CopyCo International announces its intention to market the product and compete with CureCo. CureCo promptly sues CopyCo for patent infringement. A federal court holds that the patent is invalid, appearing to clear the way for CopyCo to enter the market; however, CureCo appeals the decision. Before the appeal is concluded, the parties enter into a settlement agreement in which CureCo, the plaintiff, pays CopyCo, the defendant, twenty-one million dollars to refrain from marketing the product until the expiration of the invalid patent, preserving CureCo's exclusive hold on the market. Now imagine that the product is a life-saving chemotherapy drug. Over the vehement objections of consumers, public interest groups, and antitrust enforcers, the settlement is deemed legal by a federal district court, whose decision is affirmed by the court of appeals. These are the facts of a recent case1 that took place amid growing criticism of the pharmaceutical industry.2 Rising drug costs,3 doubts about drug safety,4 aggressive advertising to consumers,5 and questionable


Research shows that actively engaged parents have higher satisfaction with home intervention services than more passive participants. A major component of Family Guided Routines Based Intervention is building capacity within families. Busy families have limited time to spend reading parenting and child development books. This family resource portal is designed to meet the needs of busy families who are interested in learning about child development and issues related to early childhood. The sites presented in this information portal have been researched for relevancy of content and reliability of information ensuring that families can quickly and easily access accurate information about their child. This portal allows parents to be life-long learners and empowers them to seek knowledge regarding their child while improving their parenting skills. FAMILY RESOURCE PORTAL 3 Early Intervention Family Resource Portal Per the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) Part C Infant and Toddler Program (IDEA of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-446, 118 Stat. 2647, 2004), early intervention is designed "to enhance the development of infants and toddlers, to minimize the potential for developmental delay" (Sec. 631) (a) (1) by "enhancing the capacity of families to meet the special needs of their infants and toddlers" (Sec. 631) (a) (4). This family capacitybuilding is essential to the success of early intervention. Parent and child outcomes are positively affected when parents are involved in early intervention family capacity-building (Dunst, Bruder, & Espe-Sherwindt, 2014). Family Guided Routines Based Intervention (FGRBI) in conjunction with the Primary Service Provider (PSP) model has been adopted by the state of Iowa as the delivery system for early intervention services for children either delayed or at risk for delays in their development. A major component in FGRBI is capacity-building in families. Since its inception, professionals have sought highly involved parents in early intervention. "The under-involved family was blamed for the under-involvement with scant little attention paid to what the professionals had done to set the stage for family under-involvement" (McWilliam, 2010). As a home intervention teacher, the author sees the importance of building capacity in families, and strives to find ways to engage them in home intervention. The purpose of this family resource portal is to encourage and empower families to be involved in the early intervention process, to actively seek reliable information about their children, and to build confidence and capacity in their parenting skills. FAMILY RESOURCE PORTAL 4 Literature Review Historically, families involved in the early intervention system were treated as passive recipients of services. Interventionists were in control of the decision-making process while families had little direct influence. Over the past thirty years, the delivery model for early intervention services has gradually shifted from a focus on family deficits to a focus on family empowerment (Xu, 2006). In preparation for this project, research on the coaching model of early intervention as well as the importance of empowering and building capacity within families was reviewed. The early intervention delivery model practiced in Iowa is Family Guided RoutinesBased Intervention. This is a coaching model in which the interventionist acts as a coach to the family rather than a direct teacher to the child. In supporting families of children with special needs, coaching was found to be an effective practice (Hanft, Rush, & Sheldon, 2004). The purpose of coaching is to work with families to celebrate and build on their existing knowledge, develop new skills, and encourage them to be life-long learners who continuously look to meet their child's developmental needs (Rush & Sheldon, 2011). A major premise of the coaching model is that families spend for more time with the child than the interventionist. Therefore, interventions designed to be embedded within a family's daily routine, with the family and child as the participants, will be implemented daily through natural routines rather than only during scheduled home visits (McWilliam, 2010). Coaches work with families to determine their priorities for their children, identify what they already know about child development, and share new ideas and information about their child's development. Coaching has been found to build the confidence and competence in a family by improving the family's skills in self-reflection, self-correction, and their ability to further their child's development (Hamren & Quigley, 2012). FAMILY RESOURCE PORTAL 5 Families serve many roles in regards to their children. At any given point in time, they are "advocates, information seekers, spokespersons, and public educators for their sons and daughters" (Dunst & Dempsey, 2007). Throughout the early intervention process, the relationship between the family and the intervention professionals either enhances or impedes the IFSP outcomes (Fine & Nissenbaum, 2000). Maintaining a respectful and equal relationship between the interventionist and the family is an important goal in early intervention. Emphasizing strengths rather than weaknesses and encouraging family control over resources and supports is a principle of practice that is empowering to families. Dunst & Dempsey (2007) found that activities designed to strengthen a family's existing competencies, as well as providing opportunities for joint decision-making were important in promoting family empowerment. The author's experience working with families participating in early intervention services has shown that families genuinely want to be involved in promoting their child's development. Confidence and time are two of the largest hurdles the families that I serve face. Families have expressed to me that they like to search for information relevant to their child's specific needs, but are unsure what resources are accurate. They have also shared that the time that they have available does not allow them to sit and read a lot of books. Although they appreciate the content, they prefer to read quick-to-locate information online. These experiences formed the foundation for me to create this family resource portal.


With increased control come increased reponsibilities. Consumer-directed modes of financing and delivering home- and community-based support services permit consumers-as opposed to medical or social work professionals-to exercise greater control over the services they receive. These modes allow consumers a broader choice of the providers who can render these services and afford the option of being the employer of record of their support service workers. The programs are popular with consumers, and the number of states that have implemented them has grown significantly over the past decade. However, with increased choice and control come increased responsibilities arising from a myriad of state and federal statutes and regulations governing the employer-employee relationship. As the employer of record in many of these programs, the consumer may be responsible for a broad range of tasks, including (1) recruiting, hiring, and training service workers, (2) defining workers' duties and work schedules, (3) supervising workers as to how specific tasks are to be performed, (4) managing payroll, and (5) disciplining and discharging workers as necessary. Consumers enrolled in consumer-directed support service programs report that managing employment taxes and preparing and issuing payroll checks is one of the most daunting tasks they perform as employer of record and is the task with which they would most like assistance (Flanagan and Green,1997). Initially, state program administrators and consumers attempted to reduce the employer-related burdens associated with these programs by classifying support service workers as independent contractors. This approach failed because the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Department ofLabor view most support service workers as household employees. The employer of such workers must pay them and report employment and other taxes associated with such employment in accordance with its and Department of Labor rules and regulations. Because of these difficulties, fiscal intermediaries ofvarious kinds have emerged in the marketplace over the past decade to assist individuals enrolled in consumer-directed support service programs. THREE MODELS Under Section 3504 of the Internal Revenue Service Code and iRs Revenue Procedures 80-4 and 70-6, state and local governments, public authorities, and private vendor entities may act as a fiscal agent (i.e., fiscal intermediary) on behalf of consumers and their workers without being considered the employer of record. Tasks commonly performed by a fiscal intermediary include invoicing states and disbursing consumers' grant funds, managing employment taxes-federal and state income tax when applicable-federal Social Security and Medicare taxes, and federal and state unemployment insurance taxes and preparing and issuing workers' payroll. Fiscal intermediaries may also perform other fiscal and administrative duties (e.g., establishing and managing consumers' accounts, paying non-labor-related expenses, brokering workers' compensation and health insurance benefits and generating status reports to consumers and state program administrators) (Flanagan and Green,1997). Three fiscal intermediary models have been identified in the field: the fiscal conduit, the iRs employer agent, and the vendor fiscal intermediary (Flanagan, 1994; Sabatino and Litvak, 1995; Flanagan and Green,1997). These models were examined in a 1995 study conducted by The MEDSTAT Group and funded by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (Flanagan and Green, 1997). The simplest of these models is the fiscal conduit model. The primary task of a fiscal conduit is to invoice the state for consumers' grant tids and disburse them to consumers to manage. This model affords consumers the highest level of independence, but it does little to reduce the employer-related burden on consumers. …


Comment Lissencephaly is caused by arrested neuronal migration, resulting in a smooth brain surface, Type 1 or "classical" lissencephaly, is defined by a lack of gyri and sulci in the cerebral neocortex. Besides, there is a simplification of neocortical lamination. Typically, the neocortex of lissencephalic patients has three to four layers instead of six. [1] It is caused by a variety of gene alterations; LIS1 and DCX are responsible for classic lissencephaly. The disruption of neuronal migration occurs between the 10th


Objective To establish the animal model of heterotopic heart transplantation in mice. Methods According to the surgical procedures of Ono's pattern in mice model, 40 NIH mice were randomly divided into donors and recipients. The ascending artery and pulmonary artery of the donor's heart were end-to-side anastomosed with abdominal aorta and vena cava inferior of the recipients, heart respectively. The animal model of heterotopic heart transplantation in mice was successfully established. Result Heterotopic heart transplantation in mice was a success in 16 cases and fail in 4 cases with the successful rate being 80?%. Conclusion The murine model of heterotopic heart transplantation can be stably established with simple operation.


A 47-year-old woman with a patent secundum atrial septal defect (maximal diameter, 14 mm), a persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC), and a 24-month history of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation that was not responsive to antiarrhythmic medication was referred for catheter ablation. During the index procedure, she underwent radiofrequency isolation guided by a circumferential mapping catheter (Lasso, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, Calif) of 4 normally situated pulmonary veins, and ablation of the cavotricuspid …


This report describes the results from Aanderaa current meters and thermistor chains deployed at 9 stations in the Celtic Sea for about 45 days each. A brief description of the instruments, mooring configurations and data processing is followed by sets of plots for each meter together with details of its deployment and recovery. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract


Fault diagnosis is an essential part in the test cycle of an integrated circuit design. Efficient diagnosis improves the reliability of the chip, increases the production yield, and reduces the time to market. This dissertation presents three different solutions to improve fault diagnosis. The proposed techniques reduce the effort in diagnosing the source of failure by reducing the number faults considered during diagnosis, by generating additional tests which are capable of pruning faults that cannot correlate the failure in design and by prioritizing faults for diagnosis. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.


The invention discloses a method for making a high-hardness Cu-base amorphous alloy coating by laser surface treatment. The method uses 180W low-power Nd:YAG pulse laser to form on the surface of Cu-base alloy a 120 to 230mu m amorphous layer which has no crackles on the surface, good bonding with the base and the thickness of which can be controllable by adjusting parameters of a laser process. During the whole process, CNC2000 computer numerical controlled software is adopted for operation so as to realize large-area laser scanning and high production efficiency, and an atmosphere protecting and cooling system is convenient and simple and lower in cost.


In this work, we study the performance of rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) coded cooperation system. Theoretical bit error probability is deduced over slow Rayleigh fading channel based on the characteristics of RCPC codes and coded cooperation. The coded cooperative system obtains two inherent benefits, such as achieving the spatial diversity offered by the relay channel and also the coding advantages provided by the RCPC codes and coded cooperative system. Performance improvement of the coded cooperative system is also provided at last, compared with amplify-and-forward scheme and non-cooperative scheme.


SUMMARY In this paper, we show that the termination and the innermost termination properties are decidable for the class of term rewriting systems (TRSs for short) all of whose dependency pairs are right-linear and right-shallow. We also show that the innermost termination is decidable for the class of TRSs all of whose dependency pairs are shallow. The key observation common to these two classes is as follows: for every TRS in the class, we can construct, by using the dependency-pairs information, a finite set of terms such that if the TRS is non-terminating then there is a looping sequence beginning with a term in the finite set. This fact is obtained by modifying the analysis of argument propagation in shallow dependency pairs proposed by Wang and Sakai in 2006. However we gained a great benefit that the resulted procedures do not require any decision procedure of reachability problem used in Wang's procedure for shallow case, because known decidable classes of reachability problem are not larger than classes


The data on the phytoplankton composition in the floodplain lakes of the Prisursky State Nature Reserve buffer zone in summer are presented for the first time. During two years of study, 219 taxa of algae (rank below genus) were registered in the phytoplankton. The representatives of the phyla Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, and Euglenophyta played a dominant role. The larger the lake area, the highest was the species richness of algae. The algal planktonic flora of the lakes characterized by a high species richness had the highest similarity. In small water bodies, specific phytoplankton communities were developed.


Two of the four disputes against Australia's tobacco plain packaging in the World Trade Organization (WTO) have been resolved, with the adoption of the Panel Reports upholding Australia's tobacco plain packaging scheme with respect to Cuba and Indonesia. The fifth dispute, brought by Ukraine, was previously abandoned. The Panel's decision deserves close examination, particularly regarding the balance between WTO Members' legitimate policy objectives and restrictions on trade or on the use of trademarks. The Panel's approach to the fundamental concepts of trade-restrictiveness and unjustifiability did not conform with the arguments of Australia or the complainants. These areas represent core aspects of the ongoing appeals by Honduras and the Dominican Republic. Although Australia did not appeal, its own arguments before the Panel provide further insights into the Panel's approach. The significance of the Panel Reports is heightened by the continuing United States blockage of appointments to the WTO Appellate Body.


Objective To report clinical features,diagnosis and treatment in a case of adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) accompanied by demyelinating encephalopathy.Methods We reported a case of Stills disease with signs of encephalopathy.We also reviewed and discussed the literature on the neurological manifestations in AOSD.Results The 35-year-old patient had recurrent fever and arthralgias for 3 years,headache for 1 month and transient loss of consciousness.Laboratory tests showed non-specific immunological activity.MRI showed tumor-like lesions at left parietal and occipital lobes surrounded by sleeve-like edema.The lesion had significant occupation effect.Biopsy proved the presence of demyelinating changes.The patient recovered favorably after administration of corticosteroids and immunoglobulin.The lesions had almost disappeared on follow-up MRI 4 months later.Conclusions Demyelinating encephalopathy may develop in patient with AOSD.MRI may show tumor-like damage,which is rarely reported in the literature.Diagnosis depends on history,clinical manifestation and neuroimaging.Biopsy provides important information in making diagnosis.Treatment with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin was found to achieve good recovery.

Key words:
Still's disease,adult-onset; Demyelinating diseases; Central nerve system diseases; Magnetic resonance imaging


Excavations at Žuta Lokva yielded a building, dimensions 25 x 20 m, dating from 1st to beginning of the 2nd century. Dimensions of the building are 20 X 25 and it had two phases. This building was probably a caupona, diversorium or hospitium on a road that connected the port of Senia (Senj) with Roman towns Avendo (Kompolje) and Arrupium (Prozor near Otocac) in hinterland of Siscia (Sisak) in Pannonia. Pottery material showed a large number of Sarius cups, north Italian terra sigillata, thin-walled pottery and African sigillata, pottery from Dalmatian workshops in Crikvenica and other table and coarse ware. Types of amphoras are: Dressel 2 – 4, Dressel 6B, flat-bottomed amphorae (Sant'Arcangelo, Crikvenica 1) , Dressel 20, maybe Crikvenica 6 and several variants of unknown types like rims and bottoms of small amphora.


Driver assistance system for motor vehicles, with at least one sensor (10) for sensing the traffic environment and an associated evaluation unit (22) having a user interface (14), characterized in that the sensor (10) and the evaluation unit (22) via wireless communication interfaces (24, 26) are interconnected.


We examine the computational complexity of approximately counting the list H-colorings of a graph. We discover a natural graph-theoretic trichotomy based on the structure of the graph H. If H is an irreflexive bipartite graph or a reflexive complete graph, then counting list H-colorings is trivially in polynomial time. Otherwise, if H is an irreflexive bipartite permutation graph or a reflexive proper interval graph, then approximately counting list H-colorings is equivalent to #BIS, the problem of approximately counting independent sets in a bipartite graph. This is a well-studied problem that is believed to be of intermediate complexity—it is believed that it does not have an FPRAS, but that it is not as difficult as approximating the most difficult counting problems in #P. For every other graph H, approximately counting list H-colorings is complete for #P with respect to approximation-preserving reductions (so there is no FPRAS unless NP = RP). Two pleasing features of the trichotomy are (1) it has a natural formulation in terms of hereditary graph classes, and (2) the proof is largely self-contained and does not require any universal algebra (unlike similar dichotomies in the weighted case). We are able to extend the hardness results to the bounded-degree setting, showing that all hardness results apply to input graphs with maximum degree at most 6.


Word count: 204 Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha), a shrub species of the family Euphorbiaceae, has been recognized as a promising biofuel plant for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent attempts at commercial cultivation in Africa and Asia have failed because of low productivity. It is important to elucidate the genetic diversity and relationship in worldwide jatropha genetic resources for breeding of better commercial cultivars. Here genetic diversity was analyzed by using 246 accessions from Mesoamerica, Africa and Asia, based on 59 simple sequence repeat markers and eight retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism markers. We found that central Chiapas of Mexico possesses the most diverse genetic resources and the Chiapas Central Depression should be the center of origin. We identified three genomic groups in Mesoamerica, and Group A locating in central Chiapas is the most ancient group in Mesoamerica. We found two Veracruz accessions in one of the genomic groups, whose ancestors might be shipped from Port of Veracruz to the Old World, to be the source of all African and Asian jatropha. Our results suggest genomic and historical reasons that caused low productivity in Africa and Asia, and propose strategies to improve African and Asian jatropha for commercial cultivation that will support in the battle against the climate change.


Human dimensions uses theoretical frameworks (e.g., cognitive hierarchy) and
applied methods to understand human-wildlife conflicts. In this dissertation, the cognitive
hierarchy is used to understand the relationships among cognitions measured at different
levels of specificity. Cognitions can range from general (e.g., values/value orientations)
to specific (e.g., attitudes/norms), which in turn influence individual and/or agency
behaviour (e.g., management actions). This study examined different levels of cognition
in relation to human-coyote interactions in Cape Breton Highlands National Park in Nova
Scotia, Canada. Since a coyote caused death the of a park visitor in 2009, safety has
become a primary concern for the park. Understanding human-coyote interactions
supports informed management decisions and planning, and extends theoretical insights
to human-wildlife conflicts.
Carnivores can ignite the imagination and polarize people's beliefs, attitudes, and
preferences about acceptable management practices. Aspects of risk perception such as
the fear or likelihood of, and control over, an interaction with a potentially dangerous
species play a role in a person's attitudes and management preferences. These risk
perceptions are examined and compared among residents, park visitors, and park staff
(Chapter 2). People's beliefs, attitudes, and preferences of acceptable management practices are also influenced by emotions. Human dimensions of wildlife research has
traditionally focused on cognitions, which commonly explain 50% of the variance of
responses. Emotions may account for another portion of the variation, as wildlife issues
are often contentious. To assess the potential influence of emotions on behavioural
intention, emotional dispositions are examined relative to different types of humancoyote
interactions (Chapter 3). Understanding the cognitive and emotional influences on
management action acceptability is important for guiding management decisions and
helping to develop human dimensions of wildlife theory. Understanding which
management action is more or less acceptable in relation to different types of humancoyote
interactions is also important for guiding management actions (Chapter 4).
In this dissertation, risk perception, emotional disposition, and the acceptability of
management strategies are examined to better understand the nature of ongoing humanwildlife
conflicts. Based on this research, a practical management intervention was
developed. The effectiveness of an experiential coyote education program was evaluated
to see whether the program influenced change in attitudes and risk perceptions in
participants (Chapter 5). This study examined human dimensions of wildlife theory
within the context of the research questions and contributed a management intervention
for human-coyote interactions.


Pulsed eddy current (PEC) is a widely utilized technology for the nondestructive inspection of industrial tubes and pipes due to its rapid and accurate results. To improve the longitudinal resolution of PEC, multiple transmitting coils (MTCs) are used to realize magnetic focusing. However, this approach is difficult to apply to narrow downhole environments because of the complex transmitting array and electrical circuits. To address this issue, we present a synthesized transmitting coil (STC) that combines MTCs into a single coil with multiple connected sections using different winding directions and number of turns to adjust the magnetic field distribution. A theoretical derivation was presented for the analysis and interpretation of the magnetic field, and a figure of merit (FoM) was constructed to optimize the STC parameters. Numerical simulations and experiments were performed to validate the proposed STC for downhole casing inspection, and the experimental results showed good agreement with the simulation results.


Realization the power of constitution at most is due to the setting-up of the supervisory system of the constitution.Country of constitutional government of our times,there are ordinary court's mode,specialized agency mode and legislature's mode of the constitution supervisory systems.The constitutions of our country supervises mode exist a great deal of defects.Base on the text of constitution of our country and national conditions,sets up special constitution supervisory organ and lawsuit of court making constitutioning of dual track system is a good choose.