Objective To compare the high-order aberration after both side laser in situ keratomileusis (BSL) and laser in situ keratomileusis (Lasik) operation in treating high myopia. Methods BSL and Lasik were both.performed in 61 (122 eyes) patients with high myopia.Among which 30 patients (60 eyes) were randomly selected as BSL group,and 31 patients (62 eyes) were selected as Lasik group.The wavefront aberration were measured in darkroom with normal pupil at preoperatively,1 week,1 month and 3 months postoperatively by OPD-SCAN object aberration apparatus produced in NIDEK company. Results The root mean square (RMS) value of high-order aberration,C7,C8 and C12 in BSL group and Lasik group were not statistically significant at preoperatively (P >0.05).The RMS value of C7,C8 and C12 in BSL group and Lasik group were statistically increased at 1 week,1 month and 3 months postoperatively (P <0.01).The RMS value of C7,C8 and C12 in BSL group and Lasik group were not significantly different at 1 week,1 month and 3 months postoperatively (P >0.05).Conclusions The increase of the high-order aberration after BSL and Lasik operation in treating high myopia is similar.

Key words:
Both side laser in situ keratomileusis;  High myopia;  High-order aberration


The tokamak scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma dynamics is investigated in a circular limiter configuration with a low edge safety factor. Focusing on the experimental parameters of two ohmic tokamak inner-wall limited plasma discharges in RFX-mod [Sonato et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 74, 97 (2005)], nonlinear SOL plasma simulations are performed with the GBS code [Ricci et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 54, 124047 (2012)]. The numerical results are compared with the experimental measurements, assessing the reliability of the GBS model in describing the RFX-mod SOL plasma dynamics. It is found that the simulations are able to quantitatively reproduce the RFX-mod experimental measurements of the electron plasma density, electron temperature, and ion saturation current density (jsat) equilibrium profiles. Moreover, there are indications that the turbulent transport is driven by the same instability in the simulations and in the experiment, with coherent structures having similar statistical properties. On the ot...


Research on faculty development suggests that a college can choose from an extensive range of activities in designing a faculty development program, but that an institution is limited to a development process that matches faculty expec tations-or it risks failure. William Nelsen (1979) reported in his study of twenty faculty development programs that "how a college carried out its faculty renewal program was equally important, perhaps more important, than what it proposed to do." Although Nelsen found considerable information on program activities, few institutions could describe with much clarity or consciousness their thinking about the process of faculty development. Consequently, when the College of Arts and Sciences at American University received a grant to support faculty development, our initial planning focused primarily on how to carry out a program that made sense in our own insti tutional context. At the same time, however, we sought an evaluation process to complement our particular program and to enable us to assess our activities and success after the first few years. It is the procedure and the results of that evaluation that we describe here.


Making microcredit facilities accessible to the poorest members of society have attracted well support from neoliberals partly due to its prominence on individual responsibility and those on the left of the political spectrum to a certain extent for the reason of its potential to empower women. Following this premise, the paper focused on the justification of ethical micro financing in Nigeria with consideration of experiences worldwide that Islamic micro financing is one of the fastest-growing segments in both the domestic and international financial system. This study also intends to inspire the espousal of alternative ethical finance to tie together its benefits in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the Bauchi metropolis; thereby, a convenience sampling technique was used. The data collected were analyzed using frequency tables, percentages, and simple tabulation. This study believed that poverty is not created by poor people. It is created by the institutions and policies which surround them. Loans offer people the chance to take initiatives in business and agriculture to make earnings that enable them to pay off debt. This paper largely recommended that the acceptance of Islamic and ethical microfinancing experiences are the foremost component of the struggle against poverty and can be used to ease the discouraging impact of the high unemployment rate among the youth in Nigeria and other Muslim countries.


By using systematic ideas and methods,the author studied the effect of Olympic Games 2008 on the modernization of traditional Chinese spiritual cultures,and considered that Olympic Games 2008 would enrich the rational spirit in traditional Chinese spiritual cultures,enhance people's modern political awareness,enhance people's modern ethical awareness;culture people's modern ecological environmental protection awareness;intensify people's technological awareness,boost people's modern aesthetical awareness,and change our educational conceptions.


Active touch with voluntary movement on the surface of an object is important for human to obtain the local and detailed features on it. In addition, the active touch is considered to enhance the human spatial resolution. In order to improve dexterity performance of multifinger robotic hands, it is necessary to study an active touch method for robotic hands. In this paper, first, we define four requirements of a tactile sensor for active touch and design a distributed tactile sensor model, which can measure a distribution of compressive deformation. Second, we suggest a measurement process with the sensor model, a synthesis method of distributed deformations. In the experiments, a five-finger robotic hand with tactile sensors traces on the surface of cylindrical objects and evaluates the diameters. We confirm that the hand can obtain more information of the diameters by tracing the finger.


Natasa Balogh

This photograph, entitled Sorrow , has been awarded first prize in Flash Points, a competition organised to spark innovative ideas concerning public health.

The winners of the competition―organised by the Royal Society for Public Health and …


We are currently attempting to construct a mixed reality for home usage. The main components of the system include the active projector placed on the ceiling, a room where the projector is to be located, and a PC for controlling the output. By transferring the position at which a movie is projected so that the background of the movie scene stays at the same position, the motion of the object moving in the movie would be reproduced in the real world. Our method involves the following procedures: Input of a movie file, analysis of the background motion, transfer of the position of projection, and correction of the distorted image. This paper focuses on the latter two parts: Transfer of the position of projection and the correction of image distortion.


Nigeria has been plagued with seasonal epidemics of cholera with high mortality impact since 2007. Data to understand the molecular epidemiology of strains for developing country-specific control measures are either not available or incomplete in most of the epidemic states. To bridge this information gap, this study determined the phage type profiles of some selected Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype El Tor strains involved in epidemic between 2007 and 2013 in nine states of the country. A total of 52 epidemic strains of V. cholerae from nine states: Abia, Bauchi, Borno, Kano, Gombe, Ilorin, Lagos, Ogun and Osun based on viability and positive serogrouping of 122 stock cultures were phage typed using both the old (two groups) and new (10 groups) typing schemes according to World health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Data were descriptively analyzed for variation and predominance of phage types using STATA 8.0. The proportions of strains belonging to the T2 and T4 phage types were 55.7 and 44.3%, respectively (P>0.05). With the new typing scheme, epidemic strains of phage types ranging from 4 to 8 were found per state. Further analysis revealed phage predominance in the following decreasing order: T-27>T-24>T-23. Other phage types seen were T-7, T-10, T-12, T-14, T-16 and T-17. Phage variation analysis further revealed involvement of strains from multiple phage types ≥3 during the 2010 cholera epidemics versus ≤2 in other cholera epidemics since 2007. Findings from this study indicate that multiple phage types of V. cholerae 01 biotype El Tor with the predominance of T-27 are common in Nigerian cholera epidemic situation since 2007. This study also revealed phage multiplicity to play a role in the documented higher case fatality of 2010 cholera epidemics compared to recent outbreaks in the country.

 Key words: Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype El Tor, phage typing, cholera, Nigeria.


This article addresses the distributed consensus problem of linear multi-agent systems with discontinuous observations over a time-invariant undirected communication topology. Under the assumption that each agent can only intermittently share its outputs with the neighbours, a class of distributed observer-type of protocols are designed and utilised to achieve consensus. By using appropriate matrix decomposition, it is shown that consensus in the closed-loop multi-agent systems under a connected topology can be converted to the simultaneous asymptotic stability of a set of switching systems whose dimensions are the same as each agent. From a multiple Lyapunov functions approach, it is proved that there exists a protocol to guarantee consensus if the communication time rate is larger than a threshold value. Furthermore, a distributed pinning control method is employed to solve the consensus problem on an arbitrary given topology which needs not be connected. Particularly, the questions of what kind of agents and at least how many agents should be pinned are addressed. The effectiveness of the analytical results is finally verified by numerical simulations.


The reverse transformation of thermal induced martensite, general stess induced martensite, the stress induced martensite after thermomechanical training in Fe Mn Si based shape memory alloys were studied by an electrostatic audio frequency internal friction instrument. The results show that the reverse transformation of thermal induced martensite occurs in the temperature range 400~500 K and the start temperature A s for the reverse transformation of stress induced martensite after thermomechanical training is close to that of thermal induced martensite, but higher than that of general stress induced martensite. The A s temperature for the reverse transformation of general stress induced martensite is lower than that of thermal induced martensite, and the A s temperature lowers with the increase of strain.


Poetry emanating from what a few decades ago would have been deemed 'the margins' has become the major focus of publishing houses, journals and criticism, the latter evident in two recent collections of essays: Poetry in the British Isles: Non-Metropolitan Perspectives (Ludwig and Fietz 1995) and Contemporary British Poetry: Essays in Theory and Criticism (Acheson and Huk 1996). I say 'were deemed' because, as Terry Eagleton has observed, the marginal has become 'somehow central' (1989/90: 4), an observation cited by the editors of The New Poetry (Hulse, Kennedy and Morley 1993: 18) and by Romana Huk in Contemporary British Poetry (Acheson and Huk 1996: 3). It is not the intention of this chapter, however, to survey the richness and diversity of poetry from what Eagleton sees as the new centre. Such a project would require a book in itself and then would probably fail for lack of space. Instead, I want to probe Eagleton's assumption in the light of some of the trends in poetry and poetry criticism in the 1980s and 1990s, while suggesting, however inadequately given the space available, the variety of work that became available in these decades. It hardly needs pointing out that the poetry scene has changed since the publication of British Poetry Since 1970, in which Blake Morrison stereotyped the published poet as writing from a 'nostalgic liberal humanism' with 'strong respect for "traditional" forms, even strict metre and rhyme' (Jones and Schmidt 1980: 142). Morrison said as much two years later in the introduction to The Penguin Book of Contemporary British Poetry (1982: 11). But, as Robert Hampson and Peter Barry point out, if such a transformation had taken place by then, it was not reflected in the 'narrowness of poetic taste evidenced in the anthology's selection of poets and poems' (1993: 4). By the end of the decade, when it was


1. Closure, soderzhascheekolpachok having a top and a skirt, the outer layer of material softer than the skirt adhered to the outer surface of the skirt; wherein said outer layer has a thickness of at least 20 mil.2. The closure of claim 1, wherein the thickness of said outer layer is 40-60 mil.3. The closure of claim 1, wherein said outer layer covers substantially the entire surface yubki.4. The closure of claim 1, wherein said outer layer is connected to the skirt intermolecular svyazyu.5. The closure of claim 1, wherein said outer layer comprises a rubberized elastomer.6. The closure means soderzhascheekolpachok having a top and a skirt, the outer layer of material softer than the skirt; wherein said outer layer is adhered to substantially the entire skirt and covers ee.7 surface. The closure of claim 6, wherein said outer layer is connected to the skirt molecular svyazyu.8. The closure means soderzhascheekolpachok having a top and a skirt, the outer layer of material softer than the skirt, and which is connected to the outer surface of the skirt intermolecular svyazyu.9. A method of manufacturing a closure, predusmatrivayuschiyformirovanie cap having a skirt using a first step of a two-stage injection molding process, the formation on the skirt of the outer layer of a material softer than the skirt using a second step of a two-stage process injection molding compounds for intermolecular outer layer yubkoy.10. A method according to claim 9, comprising the step of forming an outer layer whose thickness is at least 20 mil.11. A method according to claim 9, comprising the step of forming an outer layer whose thickness is at m


The laboratory notebook is the fundamental record for research and development. The emergence of cloud-based digital tools to replace or augment the laboratory notebook has shown promise for groups that are multidisciplinary, working asynchronously, or in multiple locations. This paper details a recent pilot study conducted by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) comparing an electronic lab notebook (ELN) with traditional paper lab notebooks (PLN), including members of SNL's Primary Standards Laboratory (PSL). Partly motivated by a related pilot study conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the focus of the present study was on the integrability of an ELN within the unique constraints of a national lab, including security protocols that limit cloud capabilities and limited WIFI. The study used Microsoft OneNote and commercially available mobile computing hardware. The pilot included 18 participants from the PSL, biosciences, and materials science/engineering labs. In addition to OneNote, participants were provided one of two options for a computer to be used as their note taking device (including a stylus). Usability and gap analyses, as well as interviews with pilot participants were conducted by members from Sandia's human factors group. Findings from this study indicate that ELNs may be particularly useful for teams where sharing of procedures and results is important. Participants believed that use of the ELN increased organization of their work and facilitated reporting much more than paper lab notebooks (PLNs). Other benefits included searchability and capability for access on multiple devices. Many of the identified drawbacks were specific to the unique constraints of working at a national lab, but some constraints are more general (e.g. use of ELNs in wet labs where hazardous materials may be of concern). Overall, it was found with proper training, collaboration on best practices, and technical support, that ELNs appear to be a promising tool for modernizing recording practices in research. Some examples from PSL will be highlighted, including R&D for qualifying measurement systems, calibration processes, and procedures.


The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effects of perceived health status (PHS) and perceived organizational support (POS) in the association between emotional labor and burnout in public health nurses (PHNs). The participants were 207 PHNs convenience sampled from 30 public health centers and offices in Jeju, Korea. Data regarding emotional labor, PHS, POS, and burnout were collected between February and March 2021 using a structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Burnout of PHNs was positively correlated with emotional labor (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with PHS (r = −0.51, p < 0.001) and POS (r = −0.51, p < 0.001). In the association between emotional labor and burnout, PHS (B = −1.36, p < 0.001) and POS (B = −0.42, p = 0.001) had a partial mediating effect. Reduction of burnout among PHNs requires not only effective management of emotional labor but also personal and organizational efforts to improve PHS and POS.


Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University, 1978
Thesis cuts off at page 23. Unclear from text whether pages got lost in the binding process. PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com. Thank you.


In allusion to the complex requirement of query, a new video retrieval model based on multimodal information fusion was brought forward in this paper. It included multi-models like text retrieval, image query, semantic features extraction, and used relational algebra expression to fuse these multimodal information. Experimental results demonstrate that our method could fully utilize the advantages of multimodal information fusion based on relational expression in video retrieval, and achieve good performance on complex semantic video retrieval.


Observing specimen images at high magnification is often needed for histological analysis. Unfortunately, the higher the magnification, the more limited the field under observation. A single sample must be subdivided into several images, each representing a partial view, so that the global view and the geometrical correspondences among image components are missed. When using a conventional microscope, not equipped with a mechanical scanning mechanism, it is possible to overcome this drawback by exploited digital processing facilities. To this end, we have developed a method for high-magnification image reconstruction from partial views. Digital images of partial views from a single specimen are acquired and processed with image processing algorithms, in order to correct distortions and to eliminate overlapping. A global high-magnification image of the specimen is thus reconstructed.


Formation processes and morphology of nanostructured glass ceramic materials containing finely dispersed lead sulfide crystalline phase has been studied by X-ray technique. The spatial ordering of PbS nanocrystals has been revealed which manifests itself by interference effects in X-ray scattering. We have ascertained that important morphology feature of the system is nearly monodisperse size distribution of nanocrystals.


High N requirements of no-tillage maize (Zea mays L.) make it imperative to develop management strategies that optimize crop production and N use efficiency (NUE). A 4-yr field experiment was conducted at Balcarce (37°45'S, 58°18'W), Argentina, on a Typic Argiudoll and a Petrocalcic Paleudoll. The objective was to evaluate the effect of urea rate (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg N ha -1 ) at planting (FPL) or six-leaf stage (FV6) on NH3 volatilization, denitrification, soil residual nitrate, soil microbial biomass N (MBN), N uptake, grain yield, and unaccounted N (UN). Grain yield was 10.5 and 11.2 Mg ha -1 , and N uptake at physiological maturity was 168 and 192 kg N ha -1 (average of N rates) for FPL and FV6, respectively. Gaseous N losses ranged from 7.6 to 13.8% of applied N and were not affected by the fertilizer time. Relative to unfertilized control, fertilized treatments increased MBN (13.4 kg N ha -1 ') similarly for both fertilization times. For FPL, UN was 55, 69, 86, and 103 kg N ha -1 for 0, 70, 140, and 210 kg N ha -1 , respectively. For FV6, UN was 55, 46, 49, and 34 kg N ha -1 for 0, 70, 140, and 210 kg N ha -1 , respectively. The losses were attributed to nitrate (NO,) leaching. Results of this experiment show that high fertilizer NUE in combination with economically competitive grain yields can be obtained when N is applied at V6 because gaseous N losses are low (less than 13.8%) and NO 3 leaching would be reduced.


Synchrotron radiation (SR) has been proved to be a powerful tool for x‐ray study under pressure. So far, an energy dispersive method has been used because the intensity of the monochromatized beam is not strong enough for the very small sample under pressure, even if SR is used. In order to perform an angle‐dispersive method under pressure, we need to use one‐ or two‐dimensional detectors. Recently, a photostimulable fluorescence plate, named an imaging plate (IP), has been successfully used as an x‐ray detector at the Photon Factory. We tried to combine a diamond anvil cell with SR and IP. Exposure time on IP for the diffraction from Ag in a diamond anvil cell at 22 keV is shorter than that on an x‐ray film by a factor of 50. Resolution of IP (180 μm) is not a severe problem where IP is apart from the sample by 150 mm. Data on IP are digitally treated, so that it is easy to integrate the intensity along the Debye ring. Then, the reliability becomes more than 10 times better than a one‐dimensional scan. A...


Have you ever wondered what the fundamental purpose of an entrepreneur is? Often the answer to this question is tied to what the individual entrepreneur originally set out to achieve. 'Make a boat-load of money,' or 'achieve a certain lifestyle,' perhaps. But these answers miss the fundamental purpose of the entrepreneur.


We vocalize query results for time series data. We describe a holistic approach that integrates query evaluation and vocalization. In particular, we generate only those parts of the query result that are relevant for voice output.
 We exploit the fact that voice output has to be concise and simple to be understandable for listeners. Hence, the problem of generating voice output reduces to choosing between several coarse-grained alternatives. To make that choice, it is sufficient to evaluate the time series at a few carefully chosen locations. We use techniques from the area of optimal experimental design to choose optimal sampling points. Our algorithm is iterative and generates in each iteration a set of promising voice description candidates. We consider multiple metrics when generating voice descriptions, including the accuracy of description as well as its complexity and length. Then, we choose a near-optimal batch of sampling points to refine our choice between promising candidates.
 We compare this algorithm experimentally against several baselines, demonstrating superior performance in terms of execution time and output quality. We also conducted a user study, showing that it enables users to execute simple exploratory data analysis via voice descriptions alone. We also compare against visual interfaces and sonification (i.e., non-speech sound) interfaces in terms of user performance.


Purpose/Background: It is well recognised that patients following long course chemoradiotherapy can have a complete clinical response. This offers the possibility for organ preservation. However these patients require intense surveillance which commonly involves frequent MRI scans and flexible sigmoidoscopy. LumenEye is a state of the art endoscopic kit, which allows a convenient, comfortable and efficient way of visualising the ano-rectal area in OPD with high quality images avoiding the need for a formal endoscopic procedure. Methods/Interventions: The device includes (a) LumenEye X1 endoscope (b) Tablet display with full HD screen (c) Intuitive CHiP software and (d) Portable case with workstation. The kit displays full HD images and can capture videos. Results/Outcomes: We have used the LumenEye X1 endoscope to survey patients following a complete clinical response who have opted for organ preservation. It avoids the need for an endoscopy and detailed images and videos can be shared with specialist centres. This has been of particular benefit during the Covid 19 pandemic where there has been a limited endoscopy resource. The technology also has other applications such as the intraoperative assessment of left sided colonic anastomosis. Conclusion/Discussion: LumenEye X1 endoscope offers an alternative to the use of endoscopy in the surveillance of patients with a complete clinical response. It also has the potential to free up valuable endoscopy resources.


Assuming that multiple sclerosis, as ordinarily understood, represents a definite disease entity having a characteristic pathologic anatomy, a correlation of signs and symptoms with lesions should be possible as in other disorders of recognized organic character. Certain difficulties, however, at once present themselves; first, owing to the relatively nondestructive character of the pathologic process, no just parallel can be drawn between its apparent extent and the resultant signs and symptoms; in the second place, exact and painstaking correlations of lesions and symptoms have rarely been attempted in the now large number of clinically observed cases with subsequent necropsy. Most writers have been content with general statements regarding pathologic findings as explanatory of symptoms, as, for example, numerous cortical areas of sclerosis, or many sclerotic patches in the pons or oblongata or the cord showing plaques in both sensory and motor tracts. The reason for this apparent inaccuracy is sufficiently obvious.


We hypothesize that the degree of public attention influences the price level of stocks in a systematic way. We employ a simple discounted cash flow model with adverse selection and fixed transaction costs that determine an endogenous bid-ask-spread. In the model, rational and risk neutral investors incorporate future trading conditions into their price setting behavior. These trading conditions are driven by the degree of public attention and entail an attention-dependent impact of the bid-ask-spread on required gross returns. Specifically, given a high level of public attention a higher bid-ask-spread may negatively affect required asset returns. We argue that the model implications are consistent with empirical findings, i.e. size, book-to-market, and the momentum effect.


Characteristics of laminar lifted flames for highly diluted propane with nitrogen have been investigated in various initial temperatures, especially in high temperature. Liftoff height and liftoff velocity are investigated for various fuel mole fraction and initial temperature. The liftoff height decreases as fuel mole fraction and initial temperature increase, and it can be correlated well with laminar burning velocity although the increasing slope of liftoff height is differ from initial temperature and fuel mole fraction. These results show that lifted flames are stabilized based on the balance mechanism regardless of its initial temperature up to 900K. Liftoff phenomenon can be observed for smaller jet velocity than laminar burning velocity in ambient temperature, and it can be attributed to the effect of buoyancy. When the effect of buoyancy diminishes, Ri < 0.1, non-dimensional liftoff velocity, (ReRi)?¹ is correlated well with stoichiometric laminar burning velocity.


2 Summary Sentence: The androgen dependent and postnatally expressed nature of HOXBES2 homeoprotein implicates its probable functional role in the cascade of androgen regulated events in the epididymis. ABSTRACT 25 The multifunctional and androgen regulated epididymis with distinct delineation of specific segments and a constellation of region-specific gene expression is well known to provide a conducive microenvironment for the maturation and storage of mature spermatozoa. HOXBES2, an epididymis-specific molecule first reported by our group, exhibits cell-and region-specific expression. It was found to be localized in the cytoplasm of the principal epithelial cells with 30 maximum expression in the distal segments of the rat epididymis. Immunoreactivity to HOXBES2 was visualized on the luminal spermatozoa and on the stereocilia. The present study was undertaken to determine whether HOXBES2 expression is regulated by androgens and postnatal epididymal development. Towards this, the epididymis was disallowed an access to circulating androgens either by chemical or biological castration. In bilaterally orchidectomized 35 animals, the levels of immunoreactive HOXBES2 protein declined to approximately <5 % of those seen in sham operated animals. Exogenous DHT supplementation (250µg/kg body weight) for 7 days restored the expression levels to ≥ 90 % of that observed in intact animals. Ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS) administration completely abolished HOXBES2 expression in the epididymis and supplementation with DHT or DHT + E2 combined for 10 days almost re-40 established HOXBES2 expression to near normalcy. However, in the 'estradiol alone supplemented' EDS treated group, HOXBES2 localization remained undetectable. Levels of immunoreactive HOXBES2 remained unaltered following unilateral efferent duct ligation suggested that Hoxbes2 expression is not critically dependent on testicular factors. During postnatal development, the protein expression in the epididymis begins to appear from day 40 and 45 50 and increased from day 60 to 70 onwards coinciding with the mature levels of circulating androgens and the well differentiated epididymis. Thus, the data obtained from this study suggests that the expression of HOXBES2 homeoprotein could be regulated by androgens and its expression level is closely associated with the postnatal development of the epididymis.


Today´s regulation against tax evasion can be found in the Tax Evasion Act (SFS 1995:575). The Act can be applied if four necessary conditions in the general clause are fulfilled. This paper deals with one of these conditions and the principle of legality.
The purpose of the paper is to examine aspects of uncertainty considering the condition conflict with the purpose of the legislation. These aspects are thereafter dealt with in relation to the principle of legality. The material for the study consists of the text of the law, legislative history, case law and doctrine. To achieve the purpose the following question is examined: what does the necessary condition conflict with the purpose of the legislation mean in the Tax Evasion Act´s general clause under current law and how does this relate to the principle of legality?
The conclusion regarding the necessary condition under current law is that there are aspects of uncertainty that can affect the predictability. This can be seen by the lack of motivation in the case law, the risk of specious arguments and own reasoning based on reasonableness hidden behind the indefinite condition. Regarding the determination of the purpose of the legislation there is a clear intention to link the assessment to the text of the law. However, this does not rule out the possibility of using the legislative history as guidance in the assessment.
The conclusion regarding the principle of legality is that the principle largely serves as a desirable value. This is particularly clear regarding the requirement of definiteness. The aspects of uncertainty in current law can be linked to the principle in several ways. In addition to the requirement of definiteness, the prohibition against retroactivity and the division between the legislative and judicial power are also relevant in the discussion. These can be traced back to the indefinite regulation. Considering the discussion about the meaning of the principle, I find that the aspects of uncertainty do not stand in conflict with the principle of legality, but should be discussed as relevant aspects of legality.


This is the first in a series of articles on presentations at the American Diabetes Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, California, 10–14 June 2005.

A number of presentations at the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Annual Meeting discussed aspects of diabetic neuropathy. At a joint European Association for the Study of Diabetes/ADA Symposium, Rury Holman (Oxford, U.K.) reminded the audience that the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) included >5,000 individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes, followed from 1977 to 1991. Trial results were reported in 1998, with 30-year follow-up in progress to further understand the natural history of type 2 diabetes. Holman summarized clinical characteristics of diabetic neuropathy in the UKPDS population. Vibration sensory threshold was measured with a bioesthesiometer, with a cutoff of 25 V; erectile dysfunction (ED) and foot sensation were assessed by history; ankle and knee tendon reflexes, basal heart rate, and lying and standing blood pressure were determined on examination; and the shortest electrocardiographic RR interval, near the 15th heartbeat after standing from resting, and the longest, around the 30th heartbeat, were measured to give information about autonomic neuropathy. A total of 3,867 individuals had been randomized to conventional versus intensive glucose control from the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, with an HbA1c (A1C) difference of 0.9% between the two groups over 9 years. At 12 years, there were modest although significant differences, with absence of ankle tendon reflexes in 37 vs. 35%, absence of knee reflexes in 12 vs. 11%, and a basal heart rate of 74 vs. 70 bpm. There was a trend to lower risk of sensory neuropathy with better glycemic control. Treatment allocation in the UKPDS blood pressure substudy had no effect on neuropathy.

In an observational analysis of neuropathy progression in 4,867 people, an elevated threshold for bioesthesiometer perception was …


The tasks of monitoring the Distributed Computing System (DCS) are associated with optimization of the order (sequence) of surveying the monitored objects, such as resources (clusters and cluster nodes), carried out tasks (downloads), communication channels, and database servers. The problems are solved due to the use of plug-ins that include programs to initialize the startup and operation of remote services (agents), while the latter provide control over the DCS performance. Since the size of each of the transmitted commands to initialize the remote services of the monitored objects is several kilobytes and there are thousands of the DCS-controlled nodes, the volume of the transmitted information reaches 4–5 Mbytes. The amount of the transmitted results of assessing the state of the monitored objects in the DCS, which can be about 4 12 per one object, and the volume of each object – about 4 Kbytes – largely affect the bandwidth of communication channels. This accounts for the necessity to optimize the survey time for the monitored objects via minimizing the time for control over the DCS objects in real time. The problem is solved due to the method implemented in two stages: finding the shortest path and the shortest Hamiltonian cycle in a random graph describing the topology of the DCS communication channels. The proposed DCS-monitoring methods allow optimizing the survey time for the monitored objects in polynomial time and consequent improving the quality of performance and the quality of service provided to the DCS users in real time.


Complete arch fixed implant supported prosthesis made of monolithic zirconia is a popular treatment option with minimal complications, as documented in the literature over a five-year period. One of the limitations of this material is its inability to be used when the span between adjacent implants is excessively long. A potential solution to mitigate this is problem is to support the zirconia prosthesis with a metal substructure, which intrinsically has higher tensile strength. This clinical report describes the successful use of this prosthetic design in a male patient with bruxism and history of multiple implant failures in the maxilla. This resulted in a large anterior-posterior span between the anterior implants in the maxillary lateral incisor region and the distal implants in the pterygoid region. This article also describes the use of a split file digital workflow to scan the prototype prosthesis and then digitally design and mill the screw-retained cobalt chromium bar, as well as the overlaying of zirconia prosthesis which was retained by separate screws. This novel approach offers promise for management of the atrophic maxilla where implants with remote anchorage are used resulting in broader distribution of implants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Compressed sensing theory facilitates the fast magnetic resonance imaging by reducing the required number of measurements for reconstruction. Conventional compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging(CSMRI) method utilize the partial k-space measurements as a whole without considering their intrinsic property. Some recent researches have shown the advantage of dealing the high and low frequency image content separately. Based on this, we propose a novel CSMRI algorithm based on total variation regularization with k-space decomposition. First we decompose k-space into high frequency band and low frequency band, then we reconstruct the corresponding high and low MR images which will be used for integration later. All the steps can be unified into a objective function. We will show that the proposed objective function can be split into several subproblems to solve iteratively using ADMM technique. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional CSMRI method. Besides, the proposed method can be extended to other image processing applications as well.


In a mobile radio system which uses many base stations to provide radio service over a large geographical area, and which has a stored-program processor to assign radio channels to base stations in real time, the queueing characteristics of the overall system are strongly dependent on the processor algorithms which are used. Three algorithms, which are in a certain minimax sense statistically optimum, are described below. The procedures are quite general, and may be usefully applied to any system which employs many servers, the use of some combinations of which is not allowed.


A method has been developed for the extraction chromatographic separation of barium from 0.01 M picric acid solution with dibenzo-18-crown-6 coated on hydrophobic silica gel as the stationary phase. Various mineral acids can be used as stripping agents. Barium was separated from other elements by selective extraction and the separation of barium from alkali and alkaline earth metals, uranium, thorium and lead was achieved. The method was applied to the determination of barium in real samples.


A novel organosilane compound, bis(4-(1-phenylphenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (Si(PPI)2), has been designed and synthesized. It has a high thermal decomposition temperature of 528 °C and is able to form an amorphous glass with a high glass-transition temperature of 178 °C. In addition, it possesses high singlet and triplet energies and displays efficient energy transfer to the selected blue fluorescent and green and red phosphorescent dopants when used as a host material. Electrochemical measurements and single-carrier devices indicate that Si(PPI)2 is a bipolar transport material, allowing the injection and transport of both electrons and holes. By using (Si(PPI)2) as a host, high-performance fluorescent blue (FB) and phosphorescent green (PG) and red (PR) OLEDs with a uniform and simple device configuration have been achieved. These OLEDs exhibit very high peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) and peak power efficiency (PE), i.e. 6.1% and 8.0 lm W−1 for FB, 19.2% and 51.1 lm W−1 for PG and 12.0% and 15.6 lm W−1 for PR. Moreover, the high-level EQE of 4.0, 19.1 and 10.6% and PE of 3.0, 41.6 and 7.5 lm W−1 can be maintained by FB, PG and PR, respectively, at the practical luminance of 100 cd m−2. Furthermore, the emission colors of these OLEDs remain almost unchanged within the whole range of driving voltages. Importantly, the blue OLED displays a pure blue emission (CIE: 0.18, 0.17).


Introduction YE war against poverty has been fought with rather more vigor than its initiators contemplated. Thus far, however, the major engagements have taken place in the streets of Watts and Chicago, which is not quite what they had in mind. Some, who think it odd 0 Associate Professor of Law, University of Michigan. A.B. 1957, Harvard College; J.D. 1959, University of Chicago.-Ed. 0* B.A. 1965, Whittier College; Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California at Berkeley.-Ed. t REAST.EmENT (SECOND), Toars § 46, comment d at 73 (1965).


The aim of this paper is to study approximate analytical unsteady flow and heat transfer analysis of CNTs nanofluid over stretching sheet for the improvement of heat assignment ratio. The present work has some important application in industry and engineering because the heat transfer ratio of nanofluid is larger compared to other fluid. With the help of defined similarity transformation, the nonlinear partial differential equations is converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The model of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then solved by Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method. The impact of different parameters are then interpreted using graphs in the form of velocity and temperature profiles. The influence of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number is presented in the table form.


The present invention relates to a linear temperature cable, including a positive thermocouple wire, thermocouple wire and grounding wire negative, positive and negative thermocouple wire thermocouple wire were worn in two of the first web kit, and with a ground conductor and jacket to wear in the second web, the second web exterior sleeve from the inside out successively with shielding layer, an insulating layer and a protective layer, the first and second sets of web web set are filled with thermal material powder, sensitive material comprising a powder containing Mn2O3? 40-60%, Fe2O3? 20-30%, Bi2O3? 20-30% mixture of the three components in the 600-1000 ℃ sintering, then add a certain proportion NTC powder, PVB , ethyl cellulose, PEG400, JFC, hydroxymethyl silicone oil, terpineol milled to form a powder. The present invention can be at a lower temperature range (0-200 ℃) of the object to be measured in real-time dynamic monitoring, high stability, high reliability, high accuracy and so on.


*Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia **Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ***Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ****Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *****Department of Agriculture Machinery & Equipment Engineering Techniques, Technical College, Al-Mussaib, Iraq


Knowledge-based expert systems are playing an increasingly important role in NASA space and aircraft systems. However, many of NASA's software applications are life- or mission-critical and knowledge-based systems do not lend themselves to the traditional verification and validation techniques for highly reliable software. Rule-based systems lack the control abstractions found in procedural languages. Hence, it is difficult to verify or maintain such systems. Our goal is to automatically structure a rule-based system into a set of rule-groups having a well-defined interface to other rule-groups. Once a rule base is decomposed into such 'firewalled' units, studying the interactions between rules would become more tractable. Verification-aid tools can then be developed to test the behavior of each such rule-group. Furthermore, the interactions between rule-groups can be studied in a manner similar to integration testing. Such efforts will go a long way towards increasing our confidence in the expert-system software. Our research efforts address the feasibility of automating the identification of rule groups, in order to decompose the rule base into a number of meaningful units.


This paper studies the determinants and the value effects of corporate hedging for 227 Hong Kong and Chinese companies listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange. Using data from disclosures in the annual reports, we find strong evidence linking the decision to hedge and the expected costs of financial distress for the overall sample. The results are stronger for the HK firms than the Chinese firms, perhaps due to the fact that as a major shareholder in most of the Chinese companies, the State is a guarantor of the debt. Our results show a negative relationship between hedging and State ownership. The other determinants of hedging identified in this paper are foreign currency exposure, reflected in levels of foreign sales and foreign debt, economies of scale in derivative hedging costs, and levels of liquidity. We also show that the debt tax benefits of hedging add about 0.88% to the value of HK firms and 0.56% to Chinese firms.


The harvestman genus Chinquipellobunus Goodnight and Goodnight is removed from synonymy with Hoplobunus Banks and transferred from the Phalangodidae: Phalangodinae to the Stygnopsidae. Member species are only known from caves in Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, Mexico, and Texas, U.S.A. The type species Chinquipellobunus osorioi Goodnight and Goodnight is rediagnoised and illustrated. Pellobunus mexicanus Goodnight and Goodnight, Hoplobunus russelli Goodnight and Goodnight and Hoplobunus madlae Goodnight and Goodnight are all newly transferred to Chinquipellobunus. Each is rediagnoised and illustrated. A new species is described from a cave in Coahuila, Mexico. A taxonomic key for identification of adult males is provided. All previously published records of members of this genus from caves in Queretaro, Mexico, are rejected as misidentifications.


This book is part of the 'Infertility Management Series' focusing on investigating infertility. Infertility is a common disorder of the reproductive system caused by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse as described by the World Health Organization. Around 25 per cent of individuals may be conservatively estimated to be attempting parenthood at any given time, and approximately 13-19 million couples are likely to be infertile in India at any time. Almost one-third of the gynaecological outpatient department attendance is due to inability to bear a child, after a varying duration of married sexually active life. Many couples still seek medical help quite late even as long as 15-20 years later, after exhausting all primitive methods.


High resolution DEM is generated from Cartosat-1 stereo data. The performance of different DEMs is evaluated based on error statistics. To identify the hill profiles, the TIN plots have generated and compared for SRTM, Cartosat -1, and SOI toposheet. The study divulges that, elevation values of Cartosat-1 DEM are better in flat terrain and SRTM images in hilly region produced better, when compared each other.


Medical mode reveals people's basic viewpoint towards health and disease.As the direct party in the medical activity,the relationship between doctor and patient must be affected by the medical mode.This paper analyzes the doctor-patient relationship in terms of various medical modes of spiritualism,natural philosophy,mechanistic philosophy,biomedicine,and bio-psychological-social medical modes.It tries to manage the internal connection between medical mode and doctor-patient relationship,thus to provide evidence for setting up harmonious doctor-patient relationship.


A broad set of elements has been linked to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); the previous study also acknowledged some metabolic biomarkers in meconium can provide the biology of GDM. This work ...


This research is motivated by low participation and student learning outcomes in science learning. The purpose of this study is to increase the participation and learning outcomes of students in class V SDN 11 Padang Pariaman District Six Lingkung using cooperative learning model clattering studs. This type of research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles, the subjects of this study were fifth grade students of SDN 11 Padang District Six Lingkung Pariaman, 28 in total. The research instrument used in this study is the observation sheet student participation, teacher observation sheets and test aspects of student learning outcomes. The results showed that the percentage of student participation in the first cycle is 40.48% increase to 64.28% in the second cycle. The average results of the students' science learning in the first cycle, the percentage of mastery learning 62.81, with percentage 37.03% increased to 81.78% with 78.57% percentage of mastery learning on the second cycle. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the use of cooperative learning model clattering studs can increase participation and student learning outcomes. Researchers suggest that teachers can implement cooperative learning model clattering studs in learning science well. Kata Kunci: participation, study result,kancing gemerincing, IPA


Abstract This article seeks to analyze the project for the international convention on the protection of minority rights, which was proposed by André Mandelstam at the Institut de Droit International (IDI) in 1928. In this project, the author used the concept of non-territorial autonomy borrowed from the works of the Austro-Marxists Otto Bauer and Karl Renner. A Russian international lawyer in emigration, André Mandelstam had initially been involved in the implementation of elements of non-territorial autonomy to protect the Christian population of the Ottoman empire. Mandelstam's proposed convention assumed that personal autonomy, reduced to the protection of minorities from cultural and linguistic assimilation, would be a compromise between protecting minorities and preventing them from undermining the unity of the state. However, the demand for international protection of minorities was not accompanied by any enforcement mechanism. The project underwent serious revisions as it was discussed by a group of international lawyers. In its final version, the text retained only those of the original articles, which referred to individual human rights. Thus, Mandelstam's attempt to make his convention acceptable for all participating states resulted in omission of the very concept of personal autonomy in the final version of the proposed document.


The ionization of impurity atoms in a multicomponent laser plasma is studied. A theoretical treatment and experimental data are used to establish that the electron density in the plasma is determined by the constant of the ionization rate of the majority component of the plasma. At moderate intensities the principal mechanism is ionization by electron impact. The ionization rates for the atoms of the different elements can be calculated by means of the Seaton formula. An expression is derived from first principles for calculating the degree of ionization of the atoms, which permits satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental values. 20 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.


The formation of teachers for countryside education is a new public Brazilian politics that aims to compensate a historical debt to the formal educational system with this important dimension of the society that is the countryside population. This text is the registration of the theoretical and contextual aspects of the Educational Politics Project for the Countryside Education Course that needs to be offered in the south of the state of Amazonas in Brazil to deal with the necessity of the teaching system in the rural context.


Researches regarding morpho characteristics of Romanian Black Spotted breed were performed on 56 cows bull daughters in testing and candidate as bull's mother, raised and exploited in SC Biotera SRL farm from Alba county and has as database, records of evaluation for reliability cows between 2004 -2009 from UARZ – Alba county. Analyzing the results we can see that for Romanian Black Spotted breed, size increases from the average of 142.92 cm in first lactation to 145.64 in the third lactation. Similar happens with the height at rump wich from 143.54 cm in first lactation reach to 146.86 in the third lactation.


The invention discloses a train data communication system using an information safety technology. Between a safety information network and a data communication network of a train control system, a safety communication device is arranged to isolate the safety information network from a non safety data communication network. After encryption and authentication are carried out on safety information data, the data are transmitted to a safety communication device of a destination end through an open data communication network. The data are decrypted and restored to an original data packet on the safety communication device of the destination end, and the original data packet is sent to the destination safety information network. According to the invention, communication data safety, monitoring or peep prevention, malicious attack prevention and the like are ensured in a train control information communication process; and the integrity, the confidentiality and the non repudiation of important train control information which passes through the data communication system are ensured.


Purpose
Current approaches to measuring family business performance have limitations: failing to acknowledge the entire family business holistically, and lacking recognition of the idiosyncratic nature of family business goals. By applying organizational effectiveness and the achievement of desired organizational outcomes, the purpose of this paper is to develop a scale to measure performance based on a family business' idiosyncratic goals.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies mixed methods, including qualitative research, two surveys and structural equation modeling.

Findings
The authors develop a scale employing 21 items, representing six goal dimensions, to measure the family business performance.

Originality/value
The family business performance measurement scale from this study responds to multiple calls for a scale gauging family business performance in a manner including both financial and non-financial outcomes.


This paper illustrates the basic components of the three worlds of grammar,a NLP-oriented theory,with a famous example from Mr.Lu Shuxiang,discusses some concepts as syncteme,the recognition of syncteme and the inner and external information structure.On this basis,the ambiguity index and the linguistic cause of formation of the structure "Ta de laoshi dang de hao" is revealed,and lastly the distinctions and relations between the tri-world theory and the tri-level theory and its relevance to rhetoric study is further explained.


With the development of modern agricultural production technology, intelligent agricultural production has become the development trend of modern agricultural production. This paper designs a smart agricultural greenhouse control system that can collect, display and control the temperature, humidity and light environment in the greenhouse in real time. The system is based on the Arduino mainboard, using temperature and humidity sensor DHT11, light sensor GY-30, relay and LCD display to realize the real-time collection, display and control of temperature, humidity, and light intensity in the greenhouse. The detection and optimization debugging of the physical system shows that the system can respond in time after the environmental conditions exceed the suitable range of the crops, and control the temperature, humidity and light environment in the greenhouse through the relay, and display them in real time.


The laser-desorption jet-cooling (LD-SJ) method has been applied successfully to the acquisition of laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra for a number of conformatioflally flexible molecules. The molecules 4-cyanobiphenyl, 4-hydroxybiphenYl, tyramine and 4-t-butyl phenol (4TBP) were studied and well-resolved vibronic spectra obtained for each molecule. Modifications to the experimental set-up have allowed the collection of dispersed fluorescence spectra for the first time. The dispersed emission spectra from both conformer bands of 4TBP, and several of the tyramine conformer bands were recorded. In the dispersed fluorescence spectrum of 4-hydoxybiphenyl, a high enough resolution to observe individual torsional levels in the ground state could not be obtained. Ab initlo methods have been used in tandem with the .LD-SJ work to study the structural and electronic behaviour of each molecule studied experimentally. Several similarities were observed in the electronic properties of each molecule. Interactions in the HOMO were influential in determining the structure of each compound. In addition, substituent effects on the electron density in the HOMO were shown to influence the energetic stability of the various different molecular conformers. The two stable conformers of 4TBP are structures that permit a hyperconjugative interaction to occur between the t-butyl group and the ring system, extending the length of the it-system. The difference in conformer energies is explained in terms of an asymmetry in the electron density of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) introduced by the presence of the hydroxyl group. With the hydroxyl group removed (4-t-butyl benzene) the two conformer structures are calculated to be energetically degenerate. Seven stable conformer structures are predicted for tyramine. Four have the tail in a folded conformation relative to the ring, and three have the tail extended away from the ring system. Similarly to 4TBP, stable structures are those in which permit an increase in conjugation between the ring and the flexible tail. The calculated conformer structures are consistent with those calculated for other similar molecules. Calculations show that conjugative interactions in the HOMO also play an important role in the stability of the twisted molecular structure of biphenyl and derivatives. Substituent induced perturbations to the electron density in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LU1sIO) can be directly linked to the curvature of the S 1 torsional potential. Substituents which are either strongly electron donating or withdrawing introduce a large asymmetry in the electron density across the inter-ring bond resulting in a reduced S 1 torsional frequency.


The crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone (cHH) belongs to a family of neuropeptides synthesized and released by the X-organ sinus gland complex, which is located in the eyestalks. The cHH is a pleiotropic hormone regulating many physiological processes like glucose metabolism, molting, and reproduction. We cloned a 176 bp fragment from the transcription starting site of the cHH gene of Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823. The identified sequence contains several putative core transcription factor binding sites including a TATA box, a CCAAT box, a GC box, as well as binding sites for a hypoxia responsive element, estrogen receptor, and ecdysone receptor. To assess promoter functionality the promoter sequence was ligated to an expression vector bearing a luciferase reporter gene, and promoter activity was recorded using a luciferase expression assay, which showed that the cloned promoter was functional, being able to drive the expression of the reporter gene.


A model has been developed to compute the effective properties for an arbitrarily shaped element with multiple anisotropic material regions. The analysis utilizes a finite element technique to resolve the complexity of three-dimensional layer geometry, anisotropy, ply orientations, and multi-material regions within an element. Accordingly, the model accounts for complex geometries requiring changes in mesh density and/or arbitrarily shaped elements that cannot be readily aligned with the layers of the laminate. Discontinuity due to ply drop-off or layer terminations within an element is also considered. The computed elastic constants are accurate, especially for the transverse shear properties. The analysis is particularly suitable for finite element applications of near-net shaped thick-section structures. A preprocessor was developed incorporating the effective property model to allow for generation of finite element representations for computer codes such as DYNA3D and ABAQUS.


Big data brings new challenges to visualization that must be taken into account. One of the most common definitions of big data is data that is of such volume, variety and velocity. SOM combines different techniques which helpful in visualization so that the organization can move beyond its comfort zone technologically to derive intelligence for effective decisions.


The Web is changing the way businesses communicate with their markets. It gives the marketers new and unique opportunities in their communication. This study focuses on researching how business ...


Unsupervised clustering is essential when in-hand information about crop phenological stages are not available. In addition, this technique assists in discriminating crop growth stages concerning the changes in the scattering mechanisms. Newly proposed parameter $\theta_{FP}$ for full polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is shown to be enhancing the target characterization capability over the existing parameter such as $\overline{\alpha}$. Following this, the existing clustering technique by combinedly utilizing the Barakat degree of polarization and elements of the Kennaugh matrix along with scattering entropy HFP is effective over land cover classes. The clustering scheme is consisting of 12 zones where zones (Zl, Z2, Z3), (Z10, Zll, Z12), and (Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, Z8, Z9) represent even, odd and multiple scattering types, respectively. In this study, we use the RADARSAT-2 FP SAR data from Jun to Nov 2019 acquired over the Indian test site of Vijayawada under the Joint Experiment for Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM) initiative. The changes and shifts of the clusters are exciting according to the phenological development of rice fields. At the initial stage, dense clusters are evident in Z10, Zll, and Z12, while, during the advanced tillering stage, more data points are found in the Z3 zone. Following this, clusters in zone Z5, Z6, Z8 and Z9 are evident during the maturity stage.


Abstract Aim Surgery is currently the recommended treatment for acute cholecystitis and the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons (AUGIS) recommends that laparoscopic cholecystectomy be performed within 72 hours of admission. However, given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare delivery, this is not always possible. So, what happens to those who are managed conservatively? We observed the long-term impact of conservative management of patients admitted with acute cholecystitis over the course of one year. Methods Twenty-eight patients were admitted with acute cholecystitis to a large tertiary hospital in November 2020; twenty-three were discharged without having had a cholecystectomy. These patients were followed up for one year and observed for the development of any gallstone-related admissions and surgical procedures. Results Of the 23 patients observed, 30% (n=7) were admitted for gallstone-related complications. Biliary colic was responsible for 43% of these admissions with pancreatitis (14%), cholangitis (14%), choledocholithiasis (14%), and cholecystitis (14%) causing the rest. Only 9% (n=2) received a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In both cases, it was in an emergency setting during admission for biliary colic. Conclusion Long-term observation of conservatively managed acute cholecystitis was possible in around two-thirds of patients as no gallstone-related hospital admissions were observed. Biliary colic was the most common cause of gallstone-related admissions. Longer observation is required to assess the feasibility of long-term non-operative management in acute cholecystitis.


: The sheet rolling machine is simple in operate, the skilled operator is not required to operate the machine. It consist of three roller one is upper roller which is adjustable and free to move up or down and other two is the lower roller which is fixed and it used to transfer the motion from electric motor to the metal sheet to obtained bending moment. The metal sheet is continuously feed in between upper roller and lower roller. The upper roller is acting load on metal sheet normally downward and also lower roller lifting force normally upward. This forces are deflecting the metal sheet from its original position and formed curvature, this curvature are used to forming shell. This paper deals with the study of metal sheet rolling machine, In which flat metal sheet are formed into hollow cylinder.


The synchronous linkage welding of steel-aluminum hybrid radiator with multi-vertical-tube and intersecting line weld was conducted with double welding torches. The mathematical models of the intersecting line weld seam for T-type cylinder tube and the posture of double welding torches were established in the independent development process of four-axis complex linkage automatic welding machine with double welding torches for avoiding obstacles. By applying VC + +,the corresponding relationship between the rotating angle and time was derived in interpolation period. Based on the trajectory characteristics which were achieved by the terminal executor of the synchronous linkage welding system with double welding torches,the trajectory planning was executed and three-dimensional model was established in Pro / E environment to simulate the movement to check whether the welding torches and radiator aluminum wing interfered with each other. The welding experiments show that the mathematical model of the intersecting line weld seam and the welding torch posture could be applied to accurately weld theintersecting line and enhance the production efficiency and welding quality.


In this scientific writing authors will discuss the Web site creation application Memories Album 25 Class 3 KC in Gunadarma University force 2002 by using Macromedia Dreamweaver MX software. Macromedia Dreamweaver MX is one type of software (software) that is used for the design and layout of web pages. The existence of this software can facilitate the users in designing or making a web site, because its completeness facilities.


Context. The pre-stellar core L1544 has been the subject of several observations conducted in the past years, complemented by modelling studies focused on its gas and ice-grain chemistry. The chemical composition of the ice mantles reflects the environmental physical changes along the temporal evolution, such as density and temperature. The investigation outcome hints at a layered structure of interstellar ices with abundance of H 2 O in the inner layers and an increasing concentration of CO near the surface. The morphology of interstellar ice analogues can be investigated experimentally assuming a composition derived from chemical models. Aims. This research presents a new approach of a three-dimensional fit where observational results are first fitted with a gas-grain chemical model predicting the exact ice composition including infrared (IR) inactive species. Then the laboratory IR spectra are recorded for interstellar ice analogues whose compositions reflect the obtained numerical results, in a layered and in a mixed morphol- ogy. These results could then be compared with the results of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations. Special attention is paid to the inclusion of IR inactive species whose presence is predicted in the ice, but is typically omitted in the laboratory obtained data. This stands for N 2 , one of the main possible constituents of interstellar ice mantles, and O 2 . Methods. Ice analogue spectra were recorded at a temperature of 10 K using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. In the case of layered ice we deposited a H 2 O-CO-N 2 -O 2 mixture on top of a H 2 O-CH 3 OH-N 2 ice, while in the case of mixed ice we examined a H 2 O-CH 3 OH-N 2 -CO composition. The selected species are the four most abundant ice components predicted by the chemical model. Results. Following the changing composition and structure of the ice, we find di ff erences in the absorption bands for most of the examined vibrational modes. The extent of observed changes in the IR band profiles will allow us to analyse the structure of ice mantles in L1544 from future observations by the JWST. Conclusions. Our spectroscopic measurements of interstellar ice analogues predicted by our well-received gas-grain chemical codes of pre-stellar cores will allow detailed comparison with upcoming JWST observations. This is crucial in order to put stringent con-straints on the chemical and physical structure of dust icy mantles just before the formation of stars and protoplanetary disks, and to explain surface chemistry.


Two new reinforcement learning algorithms are presented. Both use a binary tree to store simple local models in the leaf nodes and coarser global models towards the root. It is demonstrated that a ...


Comparative genomic hybridization studies have revealed frequent amplification of the 14q12‐q13 region in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC) cell lines. To identify genes targeted for amplification, we first defined the minimal common region of amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization in affected ESC cell lines. The amplicon covered about 6 Mb, between markers D14S1034 and L18528. Then we screened 32 ESC cell lines to discern amplifications and expression levels of 26 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that had been localized to the amplified region. Five known genes (BAZ1A, SRP54, NFKBIA, MBIP, and HNF3A) and two uncharacterized ESTs (GenBank Accession numbers AA991861 and AA167732) within the amplicon showed amplification and consequent overexpression. Two of these transcripts were amplified in three of the primary ESCs we examined. Our findings suggest that these seven genes are candidate targets of the amplification mechanism and therefore may be associated, together or separately, with development and progression of ESC. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A total of fourteen actinobacterial strains were isolated from the mining sediment of Manavalakurichi, Southeast coast of India. Primary screening results through agar well diffusion method revealed that 28.57% actinobacterial strains had in vitro antifungal activity. Most potent actinobacterial isolate MSA14 showed strongest inhibitory activity and was identified as Streptomyces rochei through morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence characteristics. Crude ethyl acetate extract of S. rochei exhibited wide spectrum antifungal activity which was ranged between 12 and 17 mm. Further evaluation of Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) showed the values ranged from 50 to 200 and 100 to 200 μg/ml, respectively. Partial purification of crude extract through TLC using various gradient solvent system recorded different spots of active principles with the respective Rf values between 0.22 and 0.90. TLC autobiography assay evidenced that, spot with the Rf value of 0.54 had promising antagonistic activity.


Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiovascular disease and has become a leading cause of death globally. Various molecular typing methods are available for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. However, molecular typing results are not routinely used for CHD.


A new species of snapping shrimp, Alpheus randalli, which was collected in association with a goby, Amblyeleotris sp., in the Marquesas is described. A shrimp of similar coloration and association was observed in the Indian Ocean. This species is the second of the Edwardsii group reported to live in association with gobies. Alpheus randalli sp. nov.


This paper presents a novel method for computing a GPS receiver's position from C/A-code measurements, valid satellite ephemerides and pseudorange correction parameters. Precise system time is not required. Thus, the navigation message need not be demodulated from the signal if the current ephemerides and pseudo-range correction parameters are otherwise available, for example through a cellular network. The proposed method requires initial approximations for position and time, and it is shown that an error of about 150 kilometers or three minutes is allowed in these approximations. Simulation results are presented that indicate that the accuracy of this method approaches that of the conventional pseudo-range solution. Moreover, this procedure requires only marginally more computations than the conventional iterative least squares solution.


The Endurance Time (ET) method is a new dynamic pushover procedure in which structures are subjected to gradually intensifying acceleration functions and their performance is assessed based on the length of the time interval that they can satisfy required performance objectives. In this paper, the accuracy of the Endurance Time method in estimating average deformation demands of low and medium rise steel frames using ETA20f series of ET acceleration functions has been investigated. The precision of the ET method in predicting the response of steel frames in nonlinear analysis is investigated by considering a simple set of moment-resisting frames. An elastic-perfectly-plastic material model and a bilinear material model with a post-yield sti ness equal to 3% of the initial elastic sti ness have been considered. For frames with an elastic-perfectly-plastic material model, which are P sensitive cases, the ET analysis for the maximum interstory drift ratio somewhat underestimates the nonlinear response history analysis results. The di erence between the results of the ET analysis and the nonlinear response history analysis for the material model with 3% post-yield sti ness is acceptable. The consistency of the base shears obtained by the two methods is also satisfactory. It is shown that, although the results of the ET analysis are not exactly consistent with the results of ground motions analysis, the ET method can clearly identify the structure with a better performance even in the case of structures with a relatively complicated nonlinear behavior.


This paper presents laser surface modification of plasma sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coating to seal porosity defect. Laser surface modification on plasma sprayed YSZ was conducted using 300W JK300HPS Nd: YAG laser at different operating parameters. Parameters varied were laser power and pulse frequency with constant residence time. The coating thickness was measured using IM7000 inverted optical microscope and surface roughness was analysed using two-dimensional Mitutoyo Surface Roughness Tester. Surface roughness of laser surface modification of YSZ H-13 tool steel decreased significantly with increasing laser power and decreasing pulse frequency. The re-melted YSZ coating showed higher hardness properties compared to as-sprayed coating surface. These findings were significant to enhance thermal barrier coating surface integrity for dies in semi-solid processing.


Bonded concrete overlay of asphalt (BCOA) is a viable technique for rehabilitating distressed asphalt pavements by bounding a Portland cement concrete overlay to the asphalt pavement. BCOAs are more durable solutions especially for highways and major city intersections where the constant maintenance using bituminous materials is not desirable. They also have advantages over the unbonded concrete overlays in terms of lower cost and lesser concern of the overhead clearance. As a result, BCOA has gained increasing popularity over the past two decades. Up to 2010, over 300 projects have been recorded in more than 35 states, totaling over 7.5 million m2.
The key to a successful BCOA is to maintain the concrete-asphalt bond. When the bond is effective, the neutral axis of the overlay is shifted lower resulting in smaller tensile stress in the concrete and thereby allowing the thin overlay to carry large amounts of traffic. However, the bond degrades due to fatigue and the loss of the bond results in premature failure of the BCOA. Because of the lack of understanding to the interface debonding mechanism, the current BCOA design procedures still employ constant adjustment factors developed based on limited projects to account for the increase in the overlay stress due to partial bonding. The use of such empirical constants might lead to very unreliable design. Therefore, a quantitative framework that can predict the growth of interface debonding as a function of the fatigue loading could be a key to improving the current design procedures.
A fracture mechanics based framework has been developed to determine the growth of debonding area as a function of the number of fatigue loads and the fracture energy subjected by each individual load. Wedge splitting tests were first performed to understand the interface fracture and investigate the debonding resistance of the interface under Mode I loading. Accelerated loading tests were then conducted on BCOA slabs to simulate the fatigue of the interface bond. In addition, a transient-wave based nondestructive method was developed to detect the growth of the interface debonding and a cohesive zone model was established to calculate the fracture energy.


THE INTERMEDIATE BLANKETING OF HIGHWAYS IN BAVARIA HAS REACHED A STAGE AT WHICH IT CAN NO LONGER BE REGARDED AS A SLIGHTLY DEFECTIVE FORM OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION. UNLIKE THE USUAL FORM OF MAINTENANCE, CONSISTING OF SO-CALLED DUST- PROOFING, WHICH, UNDER PRESENT DAY TRAFFIC CONDITIONS, CAN ONLY LAST FOR A VERY FEW YEARS, SUITABLE INTERMEDIATE BLANKETING COULD POSTPONE THE FULL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROAD SURFACING FOR BETWEEN ONE AND TWO YEARS. THE FINANCIAL CON- DITIONS FOR INTERMEDIATE BLANKETING WERE FOUND TO BE FAVORABLE, THE COSTS BEING ONLY A FRACTION--FROM ONE TENTH TO ONE HALF--OF THE COSTS OF FULL SURFACING. THE EXECUTION OF THE INTERMEDIATE BLANKETING OVER THE NORMAL ROADWAY WIDTH OF 5.5 TO 6.5 M ASSUMES THAT THE TRAFFIC LOADING WILL NOT EXCEED A FREQUENCY OF 3000 TO 4000 VEHICLES /24 HOURS / ANNUAL MEAN/. IN ADDITION, THE ROAD COVERING MUST STILL RETAIN SUFFICIENT VALUE TO BE USABLE FOR THE FINAL, FULL SURFACING. SIMILARLY THE ALIGNMENT OF THE ROADWAY, BOTH IN PLAN AND ELEVATION, MUST STILL BE GOOD ENOUGH TO DISPENSE WITH CORRECTIONS OR DIVERSIONS. A DISTINCTION IS MADE BETWEEN THE PROPER FORM OF SURFACING /INTERMEDIATE BLANKETING/, AND THE SIMPLE FORM, WHICH CONSISTS OF RIPPING THE OLD SURFACING AND APPLYING A NEW COATING WITH A THIN ASPHALT OR BITUMINOUS SURFACING. IN THE FORMER CASE, THE SUBGRADE IS USUALLY ALSO REINFORCED AND WIDENED, IMPROVING FROST RESISTANCE. IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN PROPER DIFFERENTIATION FROM THE FINAL SURFACING, HOWEVER, THE FROST PROTECTION SHOULD NOT BE AS THICK AS IT IS NOW. BETWEEN 1950 AND 1963, A TOTAL OF 14,000 KM ROAD LENGTH HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED IN BAVARIA IN THE FORM OF INTERMEDIATE BLANKETING, INCLUDING DUST-PROOFING, THUS MAKING THE WHOLE ROAD SYSTEM MORE EFFICIENT. /RRL/


ALBERT H. ROWE, M. D. (242 Moss Avenue, Oakland).-Eczema in infancy and childhood is usually due to food allergy, though inhalant and contact sensitizations are of importance, especially in older children. To aid in the determination of the allergic etiology, skin tests with all foods eaten, and with important inhalant and contact allergens to which the child may be exposed, are indicated. The skin-sensitizing bodies to the causative allergens may not be present, though children are more apt to react than are adolescents or adults. Because of this fallibility of the skin reaction, trial diets and test environmental control may be necessary to help in the discovery of the fundamental allergies. The necessity of such trial diets has been emphasized by Blackfan and Schloss, and more recently by Hill and Cohen. Hill's article on "Eczema in Infancy" in the Journal of Pediatrics not only describes local therapy detailed by Doctor Miller, but discusses diets based on positive and negative skin reactions. For the milk-sensitive child, Sobee, as described by Hill, and more recently Cemac, recommended by Cohen, are of definite value. The child who gives positive reactions to animal emanations, miscellaneous substances, dusts, and possibly pollens, with or without reactions to foods, necessitates attention to diet, environment and contacts if control of eczema is attained. Local therapy, as described by Doctor Miller, must be used with practically all patients, whether or not allergic control is carried out. With the elimination of the allergenic factors, the eczematous lesions require much time to disappear and are hastened by dermatologic procedures, so tersely described in this paper by Doctor Miller.


A new type of biocomposite, bamboo flour/copolyester (BFCP) composite for selective laser sintering (SLS™) was studied in this article. The bamboo flour was made from the bamboo residual of the bamboo production collected from a chopsticks factory. The BFCP composites of three mixture ratios (20/80, 25/75, and 30/70 (wt/wt)) were processed by SLS™. The proper processing parameters were determined by single-layer sintering methods. The mechanical properties of test specimens made from BFCP composites of three mixture ratios have been investigated. The results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the specimens made by BFCP composite of 20/80 (wt/wt) were the best among those of the three mixture ratios and the average tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of the specimens made from BFCP composite of 20/80 (wt/wt) were up to 4.14 MPa, 11.02 MPa, and 0.84 kJ m−2, respectively. The mechanical properties of specimens are extremely improved through infiltrating epoxy resin.


I'm watching an assorted collection of wannabe entrepreneurs selling their souls in front of the TV cameras for the privilege of working with the self-made billionaire Lord Sugar. As we sit in front of the goggle-box, unwinding from the day, we learn about profit margins, innovation, and 'upselling'. Back in the surgery, we reflect on what The Apprentice can teach us about running a GP surgery.

The economic reality that most surgeries are profit-making enterprises is lost to most patients, and, indeed, some of our secondary care colleagues. There is a certain irony that, although most GPs would resist the privatisation of the NHS (to profit-making organisations), those same GPs work tirelessly to maximise the profits of their own small businesses.

Upsellling in general practice can mean two things. Even before Stott and Davis1 described 'the exceptional potential of each primary care consultation' , GPs were offering tidbits of health promotion to anyone who might listen, particularly among those with potential to improve their …


In the article, the author uses sociological method and methods for history and analytical law in the discussion of the related concepts such as commerce, merchant and law of commerce in the fundamental theories of the concepts in the theoretical studies.


Fights over 40-inch TVs and buying Dyson vacuum cleaners not knowing if you want one. The madness of Black Friday broke out across the UK in the early hours of the morning, as shoppers desperate for the best bargain barged their way through pre-dawn darkness.


The odontogenic fibroma is a rare, benign tumor of mesodermal origin, and one of the most ill-defined and least understood of all odontogenic neoplasms. 1 It presently is thought to originate from either dental follicle, periodontal ligament, or dental papilla. 2 Bhaskar reported the lesion as being the most common odontogenic tumor comprising approximately 23°70 of all odontogenic lesions. 3 This opinion is based on his identification of the enlarged dental follicle as an odontogenic fibroma, and belief that the distinction between the neoplasm and the hyperplastic dental follicle is often arbitrary. 4 Other reviewers have reported the incidence as being between 3 and 7% of all odontogenic tumors. 5


Public awareness in implementing health protocols to prevent the COVID-19 requires an improvement. Therefore, good and more effective communication is expected to improve the community's COVID-19 prevention behavior. This study aims to identify the effect of online interpersonal communication on COVID-19 prevention behavior in Pattallassang Sub-district, Takalar District. This study employed a quasi-experiment utilizing the randomized pretest posttest control group design. Residents in the Kalabbirang Village and Pattallassang Village as many as 11,494 were involved as the population. The samples were obtained by applying a simple random sampling technique of 74 respondents. Afterward, they were classified into intervention and control groups. To reveal the differences between the intervention and control groups, the Wilcoxon Test and the Mann-Whitney Test were adopted for data analysis. The results indicated an increase from the pre-test to post-test mean scores after online interpersonal communication was performed, where the knowledge mean score (11.62 to 13.24), attitudes (70.11 to 76.32), and actions (10.84 to 11.76). There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups on the knowledge and attitude variables with P-value = 0.000, while action with P-value = 0.002 (p<0.05). The significant difference from the three variables indicated the effect of online interpersonal communication in increasing residents' knowledge, attitudes, and actions in the COVID-19 prevention. The COVID-19 task force team in Takalar District who provide counseling is expected to implement an online interpersonal communication approach to raise the public awareness in preventing the COVID-19.


This report documents a study of the shutdown risk implications of the implementation of proposed Option B to 10 CFR Appendix J using EPRI Outage Risk Assessment Management tool. The proposed revision would allow the extension of containment surveillance testing intervals based on the performance of this important fission product barrier. It was the objective of the study to take advantage of shutdown risk models developed in EPRI`s Outage Risk Assessment and Management software to evaluate a perceived shutdown risk benefit of increased surveillance test intervals. The methodology employed the review of initiating event data to determine if shutdown events related to ILRT/LLRT testing had occurred. A minimum of events (i.e., 7 in 436 shutdown events) were discovered. From this review and plant experience, a list of potential issues were identified for consideration. Engineering and operational experience from actual plants was used to revise the list of issues for consideration. The final quantification was reduced to two scenarios, one for the ILRT and one for the LLRT. The quantified risk benefit was on the order of 10{sup -7} per year of reduced shutdown related core damage frequency for both types of plant designs reviewed BWRs and PWRs. This supports amore » conclusion that there is a measurable risk benefit to the extension of the ILRT/LLRT test intervals specified for nuclear power plants. The estimated shutdown risk benefit was shown to be larger for BWRs, but given the uncertainties, this difference is judged to be insignificant. In conclusion, the original supposition that there is a shutdown risk benefit to the extension of containment surveillance test intervals has been supported by the evaluations documented in this study. The risk benefit, while not relatively large, is measurable. The insights documented in this report support an assertion that the reported risk benefit is also conservative and, depending on the plant, may be significantly lower.« less


Lectures III includes essays with an extraordinary chronological range (1952-93) but with a singular consistency. These essays show Paul Ricoeur's exceptional contributions directly to the philosophy of religion and the hermeneutics of religions, and, more indirectly, to Jewish and Christian theology. That philosophical consistency is best seen initially in the essays constituting Part 1 of this volume ('Philosophie et non-philosophic'). In a philosophical self-portrait worthy of a sketch by Rembrandt (which Ricoeur honors with the first suggestive essay of this volume) Paul Ricoeur once described his philosophical journey as a return to Kant through Hegel. Many of us have admired Ricoeur's long philosophical journey over the years a journey notably singleminded and straightforward despite the many important developments and changes and, at times, almost labyrinthine detours. Ricoeur's selfdescription to Kant through Hegel is, in my judgment, an entirely accurate description of the basic Ricoeurian journey. The reader of Lectures lllscot: learns that Ricoeur, in philosophy of religion, maintains the contours of a Kantian philosophy of limits


Beyond the static perspective,technology is not only as a learning tool,but also accumulation of knowledge itself from a longer time and space.The changing from the support of learning process to learning relationship make the way of learning and thinking habits different,promote the life between reality and virtual,the new way of learning and the common growing between learners and technology environment.In the age of information society,the standard model about integration of technology and learning is changing from "briefly share"to"cultural symbiosis".Cultural symbiosis has profound intrinsic logic.Now,the theory of symbiosis has been developed and extended in Educational Technology.


This paper addresses the stability results of a Markov jump linear system with parameter uncertainties and time-varying delay. A geometric sequence based method is used for delaypartitioning. Then, a modified geometric sequence division (GSD) dependent augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed with respect to the state variables forming in geometric progression. By employing the convex combination method, the parameter uncertainties is handled. Then, the delay derivative h(t) is flexibly represented to avoid unnecessary enlargement of the estimation of the LKF derivative. Numerical example shows that this design provides expected results.


The diffusion of nickel into copper and copper–nickel alloys are investigated in the temperature range of 780 to 1037 °C by the resistometric method and the diffusion coefficients and activation energies are obtained. The nickel diffusion in copper is compared with the previous studies. For the diffusion of nickel into copper–1.08 at% nickel and copper–2.81 at% nickel alloys no such comparison can be made as there are no data available in this dilution range. The diffusion coefficients of the systems studied show a strong dependence on the alloy composition. It is also observed that addition of nickel into copper retards the diffusivity. The data obtained from the studies are analysed in the light of the theories of LeClaire and Neumann and Hirschwald.


To the Editor:

Jain et al1 made the very interesting suggestion that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency contributes to cardiac dysfunction through increased susceptibility to oxidative injury and impairment of intracellular calcium transport in cardiomyocytes from rats. Additionally, they demonstrated the development of in vivo adverse structural remodeling and contractile dysfunction over time in a murine model of G6PD deficiency. A clinical finding in our hospital appears to corroborate and extend to humans the concepts enunciated by Jain et al.1

In 2000, a 64-year-old black woman, originating from Curacao, was referred to the Sarcoidosis Management Center, a tertiary referral center for sarcoidosis in the Netherlands. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis, which she had carried for 6 years, was histologically confirmed by a liver biopsy in another hospital. In 1999, she consulted for the first time a pulmonary physician because of dyspnea and severe fatigue. Her complaints of dyspnea were progressive, especially during exercise. She never smoked and had no prior history of …


MQ3 Alcoholic Sensor is an Authentication automobile process to prevent the alcoholic driving in automobile system using Breath Authentication based on micro controller, this work correlates the Secure Alcoholic Breath Analyzer Authentication to determine the amount of alcoholic percentage which required for safe driving. The outcome of the sensor, in form of voltage, is processed by a micro controller. This device detects the percentage of alcohol beyond a threshold value and gives appropriate advice to the vehicle driver to start the vehicle. This alcoholic analyzer device may also be useful for regulatory agencies that monitor the amount of alcohol intake by drivers.


Abstract: The present work formulates the dynamics of a slender structure as a long beam. This results in a PDE that is fourth-order in space, and second order in time. In COMSOL the coupling method is used to decompose this problem into two second-order equations, one for displacements, and one for bending moments, which are then solved using the PDE, coefficient-mode approach; the eigenvalue solver is used to obtain frequencies and mode shapes. For verification of approach, a simply supported uniform beam is considered, where the descriptive PDE's are rendered non-dimensional in terms of scaled variables, and for a beam length of 1. COMSOL computation then results in a fundamental lowest-order frequency that exactly matches the analytical result of π.


SUMMARY.

The wood anatomy of Pseudosindora palustris Sym. is described and the principal structural differences between Pseudosindora, Sindora, Copaifera and Guibourtia are given. Anatomical evidence supports the retention of Pseudosindora and Sindora as distinct genera and also indicates that Pseudosindora is distinct from Copaifera, with which it has been considered synonymous, and from Guibourtia.


The aim of this article is to analyze the anthropological, historical and sociological investigations carried out on international female labor migration. These studies, from Asia, Europe, India, Africa and the United States, employ diverse methodologies including ethnography, surveys, interviews, life histories and censuses. We argue that many studies overlook the role of women in international migration and fail to consider the motivations and factors that drive women to migrate.


OBJECTIVE
To study the expression of intedeukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA and protein in Nasal polyps and in the inferior turbinate, and to explore the relationship between the expression and the Clinical features.

METHOD
Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of intedeukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA and protein in nasal polyps of 24 cases and in inferior turbinate of 15 cases.

RESULT
The expression of IL-5 mRNA in Nasal polyps was 7.52 times higher than that in the inferior turbinate (P < 0.01). The expression rate of IL-5 protein in Nasal polyps was 79.17%, significantly higher than that in the inferior turbinate (26.67%) (chi2 = 10.52, P < 0.01). The differece of expression of IL-5 mRNA was not associated with the sexual distinction, unilateral or bilateral nasal polyps and primary or recurrent nasal polyps (P > 0.01), but was associated with the single or multiple nasal polyps, nasal polyps with or without allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. The differece of expression of IL-5 protein was not associated with the sexual distinction, unilateral or bilateral nasal polyps, primary or recurrent nasal polyps, nasal polyps with or without allergic rhinitis and/or asthma, but was associated with the single and multiple nasal polyps.

CONCLUSION
The high expression of IL-5 mRNA and protein is closely related with the formation edema and development of nasal polyps. Some clinical features of Nasal polyps related to the expression level of IL-5 in nasal polyps.