A geographical information systems(GIS) was a useful aid in the assessment of urban nonpoint source pollution and the development of a pollution control strategy. The GIS was used for data integration and display, and to provide data for a nonpoint source model. An empirical nonpoint source loading model driven by land use was used to estimate pollutant loadings of priority pollutant. Pollutant loadings were estimated at fine spatial resolution and aggregated to storm sewer drainage basins(sewershedsl. Eleven sewersheds were generated from digital versions of sewer maps. The pollutant loadings of individual land use polygons, derived as the unit of analysis from street blocks, were aggregated to get total pollutant loading within each sewershed. Based on the model output, a critical sewershed was located. Pollutant loadings at major sewer junctions within the critical sewershed were estimated to develop a mi t igat ion strategy. Two approaches based on the installat ion of wet ponds were investigated -- a regional approach using one large wet pond at the major sewer outfall and a multi-site approach using a number of smaller sites for each major sewer junction. Cost analysis showed that the regional approach would be more cost effective, though it would provide less pollution control.


This study aims to build SME collaboration parameters from the assimilation of the "silaturrahmi" culture that considers user motivation in collaborating. Parameter validation involves linear regression statistical methods, followed by determining the ranking of collaboration parameters using a combination model of Octalysis and Fuzzy AHP frameworks. The test resulted in 4 collaboration parameters from the assimilation of "Silaturrahmi" ranked based on the user's level of motivation (core drive) with details: Relationship Building-RB (52.86%), Reciprocal Sustainment-RS (25.44%), Reciprocal Assistant-RA (21.77%) and Active Support- US (0.83%). It can be concluded that the four parameters potentially measure the performance of SME collaboration. The combination model can determine the user's motivation (core drive) for collaboration through these parameters. The ranking results serve as a reference for developing a collaborative framework by prioritizing activities related to the highest weight percentage parameters and evaluating the lowest weight percentage.


In this paper, the characteristics of energy budget are analyzed using observation data from August to October in 2009 at Xiaotang land-atmospheric interation observation station in the northern margin of the Taklimakan desert. The results show that the energy closure rate is 78% from August to October in 2009, closing error is 22%. In summer, the sensible heat, latent heat and soil heat flux to net radiation are 52%,6%,16% respectively in the daytime and 53%, 3%, 6% in the nighttime. The rate of energy imbalance is 26% in the daytime and 38% in the nighttime. The average value of the bulk transport coefficients, CD(CH),is 4.5×10-3(2.2×10-3)in August. CDand CHhave remarkable diurnal and seasonal variation characteristics. They are larger in summer than in winter, and large in the daytime and small in the nighttime.


This paper describes a communal toilet construction programme in the city of Pune (India) undertaken through a partnership between the municipal corporation and eight NGOs. It focuses on the 13 toilet blocks that are the responsibility of one of these NGOs, Shelter Associates, and includes details of how they have been working with local residents with regard to design, construction, provision for maintenance and incorporation of space for community activities. It highlights the positive aspects, especially the municipal corporation's willingness to try a new approach, while also describing the difficulties that NGOs face in having to meet official implementation schedules and cope with bureaucratic delays while delivering for, and remaining accountable to, low-income groups.


The goal of this paper is to discover the obstacles that prohibit Islamic educational institutions from improving the quality of their human resources and how to overcome them. Data was gathered and analyzed from a variety of sources, including novels and scholarly papers. This qualitative approach was carried out using descriptive and argumentative analysis. The study's findings show that improving the quality of human resources in Islamic educational institutions includes developing and improving the evaluation system, improving educational facilities, developing and procuring teaching materials, and training teachers and education personnel in order to achieve the government's goals, vision, and mission. Following up on the findings of this study, one of the issues that Islamic educational institutions must address is the production of dedicated and committed people resources who comprehend science and technology. To address these demands, Islamic educational institutions must refresh their roles in order to play an ideal role in attaining academic excellence, industrial relevance, new knowledge contribution, and empowerment.


KERASEP, Al2O3/TiO2 based monolithic ceramic membrane modules for MF and UF uses, has been developed by TECH-SEP. It has special features in membrane and support materials, and membrane structure. Market development of KERASEP in Japan has been commenced in water purification application by joining the MAC 21 Project.


With the rapid development of Internet, network' s importance and power to the society are becoming larger and larger, at the same time, the safety problem during the information transfers is becoming more and more serious. Nowadays, the facts which affect network information safety, conclude accidentally man - made misplaying, balefully man - made invading, operating - system hole, computer virus and so on. In this article, all facts above are introduced, and converse thinking method are adopted to analyze the net - invaded methods, after that, some solutions are provided, so as to prevent network information system from invading and destroying.


The present study was conducted on correlation between reproductive traits (calving interval) with productive traits (dry period) in Gangatiri breeds. The data for study were collected from history sheet maintained at livestock cum agricultural farm, Arajiline, Varanasi -221305 (Uttar Pradesh) for period 2000-2017. The reproductive trait selected from history was first, second and third lactation calving intervals with the productive traits were second, third and fourth lactation dry period. The mean for first, second and third calving interval were 468.2, 404.175 and 397.625 days respectively. The mean value of productive traits such as second, third and fourth lactation dry period is 174.15, 148.63 and 157.67 respectively. Data were respectively were analyzed statistically to determine the correlation between reproductive with productive traits. The correlation between first calving interval with second dry period were positively significant (0.057), second calving interval with third dry period were negatively non-significant (-0.057) and third calving interval with fourth dry period were positively significant (0.366).


Automotive emissions bring out serious influences on urban environment. They are becoming the major urban source of atmospheric pollution, with the rapid development of automobile industry. They are more and more serious in Chinese big cities, and also important globally. A new kind of detergent additives was developed on the base of engine combustion mechanism via depressing the quench layer. For the purpose of evaluating the effects of fuel-saving and emission control, idle tests and platform tests were done; results show the exhaust emission were reduced evidently and automobile's performance were improved observably.


Our comprehensive study provides that potassium is the highest in winter, and the lowest in summer. Please take a look, on Table 1, that the values for BC BB shows similar relation, the highest value is in winter (0.4±0.3 µg/m 3 ) and the lowest is in summer (0.2±0.1 µg/m 3 ). Moreover, the values for eBC are also the highest in winter (5.3±1.8 µg/m 3 ), what is expected. The relative contribution of biomass (BC BB ) to eBC, present in this table for winter, shows that the higher excess of eBC contribution from fossil fuels than biomass burning was observed during winter. Our results for BC BB annual average concentration is 0.25±0.15 µg/m 3 and it is lower than in Zabrze (Poland) (0.93±0.76. µg/m 3 ) (Ziola et al., 2021). It can probably be connected with introduction in September 2019 of ban of burning wood and coal in Krakow.


The phase equilibrium diagram for the system La2O3-B2O3 has been determined experimentally. The compounds La2O3-3B2O3and La2O3-B2O3 melt congruently at 1141°± 5°C. and 1660°± 15°C, respectively. At 1488°± 5°C, La2O3-B2O3 inverts from the aragonite-type structure to a high-temperature form. Trilanthanum borate, 3La2O3 B2O3, melts incongruently at 1386°± 5°C. to give liquid and La2O3. No solid solutions exist in the system. A region of liquid immiscibility exists in the system and extends at 1136°± 5°C. from almost pure B2O3 to 21.5 mole % La2O3. The experimental value for the extent of immiscibility agrees with that calculated from theoretical considerations. A second method for estimating immiscibility in the system is demonstrated, which requires experimentally only the determination of the index of refraction of the modifier-rich liquid. Principles governing immiscibility are discussed.


Adsorption Studies for the Removal of Cr (VI) using Fly Ash of 'Waste to Energy Power Plant' Name of student : Upma Vaid Registration Number : CUP/MPh-PhD/SEES/EVS/2009-10/01 Degree for which submitted : Master of Philosophy Administrative Guide : Prof. P. Ramarao Dissertation Coordinator : Dr. Sunil Mittal Centre : Centre for Environmental Science and Technology School of Studies : School of Environment and Earth Sciences


A magneto-optical trap for He(2{sup 3}S) metastable atoms has been constructed, utilizing superconducting magnetic gradient coils and a Ti:Sapphire ring laser for pumping the helium 2{sup 3}S-2{sup 3}P transition. The He(2{sup 3}S) atoms are produced by a weak rf discharge in helium gas at a temperature of 1.4K. The discharge products flow through a small orifice into the trap cell, where a fraction of the He(2{sup 3}S) atoms are trapped and ground state helium atoms are rapidly cryopumped by zeolite pellets that cover most of the cell bottom. Preliminary experiments suggest that {approximately}10{sup 6} atoms are trapped in a small volume at {approximately}1 mK, with a trap lifetime of 10-100 msec limited by resonantly-enhanced He(2{sup 3}S)-He(2{sup 3}P) Penning reactions. Ultimately, it is estimated that a substantial number of atoms can be held at ultra-low temperature in near-perfect vacuum, in a dc magnetic trap. Measurements of decay times of the trapped atoms should yield rate coefficients in the quantum regime for He(2{sup 3}S)-He(2{sup 3}P) and He(2{sup 3}S)-He(2{sup 3}S) Penning reactions, and perhaps the He(2{sup 3}S) radiative lifetime.


Purpose: Open face head and neck masks allow for active patient monitoring during treatment and may reduced claustrophobia and anxiety compared to closed masks. The ability of open masks to limit intrafraction motion and to preserve the patient shape/position from simulation over protracted treatments should be considered. Methods: Thirty-two head and neck patients were prospectively randomized to treatment in a closed mask or a novel open face mask. All patients received daily volumetric imaging. The daily images were automatically rigidly registered to the planning CT's offline using a commercial image processing tool. The shifts needed to optimize the registration, the mutual information coefficient (MI), and the Pearson correlation (PC) coefficients were recorded to evaluate shape preservation. The open group was set-up and monitored with surface imaging at treatment. The real time surface imaging information was recorded to evaluate intrafraction motion. Results: Sixteen patients were included in each group. Evaluations were made over a total of 984 fractions. The mean MI and PC showed significantly higher shape preservation for the open group than for the closed group (p = 0). The mean rotations for the open group were smaller or 0.05). Conclusion: The open masks preserved shape as well as the closed masks, and they limited motion to < 2 mm for 95% of the treated fractions. These results are consistent over treatment courses of up to 35 fractions. The open mask is suitable for treatment with or without active monitoring. This work was partially supported by Qfix.


Over a decade ago, the Eurovent study [1] examined the practice of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) in Europe and showed that the prevalence was increasing and indications for use were growing, but that there were wide inequalities in provision. Services offered varied considerably between countries [2], with no obvious standardisation of care. Subsequent prevalence work worldwide has confirmed the expansion of this area, and randomised trials have established clearer indications for initiation of long-term noninvasive ventilation (NIV), e.g. in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [3–5] and motor neurone disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [6]. Outcomes were originally measured by survival and physiological measures. The S3-NIV questionnaire provides a new simple assessment tool for long-term noninvasive ventilation http://ow.ly/BWsY30miiJ6


University autonomy and accountability have been playing such a vital role in all aspects of university governance that their importance cannot be over emphasized. Autonomy can be defined as "the right of a group of people to govern itself or to organize its own activities" and being autonomous means "being independent and having the power to make your own decisions". On the other hand, accountability means being responsible for decisions or actions and being required or expected to justify them. The purpose of this study is to examine and assess the degree and sufficiency of university autonomy in the four area of institutional, financial, staff, and academic and also the degree of accountability of universities to their external stakeholders. The instrument for gathering data was a researcher-made questionnaire with a five- point Likert scale and its calculated Alpha was above ./70. This means that the instrument was reliable. Data were obtained randomly from university managers at Islamic Azad University branches in Qaz-vin province. The data were analyzed using percentage and five-point Likert scale to objectively determine the degree of accountability and the sufficiency of the university autonomy for good governance of their branches at the four area of autonomy from the view point of university chancellors, vice-chancellors, Dean and Head of the Departments. The analysis of data in rela-tion to research questions were investigated, using one-sample t-test by means of version 18 of SPSS software. The findings indicate that the degree of autonomy in the four area is not suffi -cient to govern the university well and the University administrators suggest that granting more autonomy from the central administration of Islamic Azad University and Ministry of Science, Technology and Research to the university branches may hold them to be more accountable to internal and external stakeholders.


This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, domestic demand, and exchange rate on the export performance of Bangladesh over the period of 1980–2009 using the vector error correction (VEC) model under the time series framework. The stationarity of the variables is checked both at the intercept and intercept plus trend regression forms under the ADF and PP stationarity tests. The Johansen-Juselius procedure is applied to test the cointegration relationship between variables followed by the VEC regression model. The empirical results trace a long-run equilibrium relationship in the variables. FDI is found to be an important factor in explaining the changes in exports both in the short run and long-run. However, the study does not trace any significant causal relationship for the cases of trade openness, domestic demand, and exchange rate. The study concludes that Bangladesh should formulate FDI-led polices to enhance its exports.


The nation's understandings of its convict founders underwent a profound transformation in the late 1980s. Previously viewed as 'hardened and professional criminals' or 'prostitutes', convict men and women were no longer simply seen as 'prisoners undergoing punishment' but were reconfigured as 'a well-organised, efficient labour force' (Nichols 1988:viii; Nichols and Shergold 1988:3). Rewriting the convict period as a narrative about forced migrants and the labour they provided enabled the penal settlements, in the words of the then Prime Minister Bob Hawke, to 'become an integral part of the economic history of an immigrant society, rather than an unsavoury aberration that preceded free settlement' (Nichols 1988:viii). This timely re-imagining of the nation's past coincided with Australia's celebrations of its bicentenary in 1988. Historians, taking what Ann Curthoys later termed an 'imperial approach', re-contextualised convict labourers within the networks of forced migration characteristic of the nineteenth century (2002:146). Research across imperial and colonial networks revealed the diversity of the convict population (Curthoys 2002:146). It became evident that rather than solely comprising white people, Australia's penal settlements had also been populated by numerous people of colour transported to the Australian penal settlements from places as diverse as the Cape Colony, Corfu, Bermuda, India, New Zealand and China (Nichols and Shergold 1988:32, 36; see also Duffield 1985, 1986, 1987, 1999a, 1999b; Duly 1979:39; Malherbe 1980, 1985, 2001, 2002a, 2002b; Pybus 2006). While the newly emerging transnational histories of transportation shed light on the nascent multiculturalism apparent in the Australian penal colonies, one small yet highly significant cohort of convicts continued to be overlooked.

Between 1805 and the 1860s, at least 60 Aboriginal men from New South Wales were transported as convicts. Exiled to some of the harshest penal stations such as Norfolk Island and Port Arthur in Van Diemen's Land, these men laboured alongside convicts from all over the British world. Others laboured on the penal islands at Port Jackson, or worked alongside other convicts, including Maori from New Zealand and Khoi from the Cape Colony, at the probation station on Maria Island off the east coast of Van Diemen's Land.


ABSTRACT
Prior to death patients commonly experience impaired consciousness for a significant period of time, frequently preventing family and others from final interactions with the patient. Some of these episodes of cognitive impairment may be treatable, with treatment not offered owing to the perception of ultimate futility, or expense, or both. One of the causes of terminal loss of consciousness or decreased lucidity can be inadequate cerebral oxygen delivery. Methods and We report five cases from four institutions where an infusion of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) to patients who were unconscious or not lucid owing to acute severe anemia (hemoglobin range 2.1 - 5.2 g/dL) resulted in awakening or lucidity. We review briefly human cognitive function and anemia, and remark about the use of an HBOC for acute severe anemia when red cell transfusion is not an option.


Thermal pack management is dependent on the duty cycle and vehicle use. Thermal modelling of the pack for design, as well as active measures in operation to reduce thermal loads during operation can greatly improve the lifetime of the pack. Advances in state estimation, measurement techniques and control are coupled with the system design; and both are dependent on representative models. As the cells age, the thermal behaviour will change, and therefore a robust control technique and in-situ thermal model identification is often required. This paper focuses on methodologies towards thermal characterization of cell models and of a pack as a whole.


This report describes the work before and during the development of a booking system based on a web service. The system is described from different angles such as conceptual design to the method functionality. This system has been ordered by a company, and will be used as an internal booking system for their resources such as conference rooms and other facilities.


OBJECTIVE To extract the anti-EGFR active constitutent and determine the constituents in Artemisiae argyi folium by UPLC Q-TOF/MS.METHODS Herbs were percolated with petroleum ether,extracted with ethanol and ethyl acetate,and then boiled with water,and then the corresponding parts of four extracts were obtain.The avtivity of EGFR was detected based on HTRF.The variation of fluorescence signal and signal value at 620 nm and 665 nm were determined,and the inhibition rate of extracts were calculated.The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18column with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile.The mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as detector and the data was collected under the positive ion modes.RESULTS The strong inhibitory activity of EGFR was observed in the ethyl acetate part of Artemisiae argyi folium.And the IC50values was 8.848 μg·mL-1.The information from references and the relative molecular mass distinguished by Q-TOF/MS,was used to identify the corresponding parts of ethyl acetate of Artemisiae argyi folium.They were apigenin,jaceosidin,luteolin,eupatilin,β-sitosterol,quercetin and one unknown substance.Jaceosidin,eupatilin,β-sitosterol,were the main component.CONCLUSION The results indicated that Artemisiae argyi folium contained flavonoids and sterols speculation to inhibit EGFR.


This paper mostly summarizes experimental device of laser-induced plasma and taking pictures of plasma plume. The progress in the experimental study on laser-induced plasma was discussed. The experimental apparatus include the laser、delay device; The system of the plasma radiation gathered and radiation received were reviewed. In addition, photos of plasma plume were discussed; at last, dynamic process of laser-induced plasma plume explosion was discussed.


Physical model study of spilling arrangement of the dam of Malana-II hydroelectric project has been carried out to ensure the safety of the dam. The discharging capacity of the under sluice spillways and an overflow spillway has been studied under their individual and joint operations. Cavitation index of the flow over the spillway surface has also been estimated to ensure cavitation free flow. Initial proposal of provision of flip bucket for energy dissipation of flow through overflow spillway has been replaced by hydraulic jump type stilling basin by pooling the water by a submerged weir. The discharging capacity of joint operation of both the under sluice spillways was lower than the summation of discharges under their operation in isolation, which can be attributed to interference of their zone of influence at inlet. Negligible cavitation was found in the flow of overflow spillway. Flow onwards to the toe of the overflow spillway was chaotic and full of strong cross-currents. The flip bucket was also not performing well due to rise in depth of flow and mixed directional flow as a result of cross-currents upstream of the bucket. For the facilitation of energy dissipation, flip bucket arrangement was replaced with hydraulic jump type stilling basin by pooling the water with provision of a submerged broad crested weir with steps downstream of the weir. Knowledge gathered from this model study shall be useful for the design of such type of the structures in future.


The annual cost of corrosion in the United States alone is estimated to be greater than $300 billion. To combat this issue, approximately $121 billion per year are spent on methods to prevent and control corrosion. Of this total, $0.4 billion are spent on vapor corrosion inhibitors (VCI). New technologies and raw materials derived from renewable, biodegradable, and nonhazardous raw materials are of particular interest for use as VCI chemicals. As government policy continues to promote green alternatives to petrochemicals, the availability and utility of agricultural products and by-products will become economically advantageous. The corrosion inhibitive properties of several agri-products were evaluated and screened for their corrosion inhibiting performance and to identify potential applications. The properties evaluated included contactand vaporcorrosion inhibition, as well as the ability to provide protection against corrosive environments such as high acid concentration and salt solutions. Rust and scale removing properties were also explored. During these investigations, it was discovered that sugar beet molasses and raffinate demonstrated very good vapor corrosion inhibiting properties. The details of these findings and potential applications are reported herein.


The ratio of rate constants for the hydration of the bis(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl cation and the (p-hydroxyphenyl)(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl cation is 1.75 ∶ 1. Thus a methoxybenzyl carbocation is a good model for a protonated p-quinone methide, and the stabilizing effect of hydration on the OH compound is minimal.


We have studied the atomic geometries and the electronic properties of the tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)/Mg interface by using density functional theoretical calculations. We have found that the chemical bond is formed between the O atoms of Alq3 and the substrate Mg atoms, and the stability of the interface structures depends on the number of O–Mg bonds. In the up configurations, where two or three O–Mg chemical bonds are formed and the Alq3 molecular dipoles are oriented up to the vacuum side, the work function is decreased by as much as 1.1 eV or more. The interface dipole is dominated by the orientation of the molecular dipoles of Alq3. The interface gap state reported from experiments is ascribed to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of the down configurations, which may coexist with the dominant up configurations.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor component having a low contact resistance to the high doped or silicided areas (2) of the semiconductor element (1). Before coating a titanium layer (6, 7) in the range of the contact holes (4) on the high-doped or silicided area to its (2), which is highly doped in the region of the contact holes (4) or fluorine ions are implanted into the silicide region (2). Oxide layer present is optionally in contact holes scope by fluorine is, it is possible to break the small titanium is sufficient yet thin titanium layer. Further promote the formation of titanium silicide at the contact hole (4).


Abstract: This research aims to investigate the level of students' understanding of the concept of particle-wave dualism, and the relationship between concept understanding of classical physics and particle-wave dualism. 31 students of Physics Department of FMIPA Unsyiah who attended Quantum Physics were selected as the sample of the study. The data were collected through 20 items of diag-nostic UDFK multiple choice test. Each item contains 5 options, consisting of 1 correct answer, 1 misconception, and 3 distracters. The students were also given classical physics test using FCI test. The results of analysis using CRI showed that 13.8% students did not understand, 21.5% students less understand, 28.8% students understand, and 35.8% students misunderstand the concept of particle-wave dualism. Data analysis using correlation showed that the students' understanding of particle-wave dualism was influenced by their understanding of classical physics (r = .17)


An 8-year-old boy, gored by the tusk of an enraged temple elephant, was brought to the emergency room in a state of shock. He had a large entry …


Objective To investigate the difference of surface marker of regulatory T(Treg)cell in gastrointestinal cancer region and periphery.Methods 4-color staining flow cytometry was used to detect the Treg cells in gastrointesti- nal cancer patients' peripheral blood,ascites,tumor tissue,draining lymph node,normal tissue and healthy controls' peripheral blood.Results In cancer patients' peripheral blood,Treg cells were significantly higher than healthy con- trois(P0.05).Also high levels of Treg cell were found in ascites,tumor tissue and draining lymph node.In periph- ery,CD25~(high) was correlated well with forkhead/winged helix transcription factor(Foxp3),while in cancer region, CD25~+ was correlated well with Foxp3.Conclusions Treg cells in gastrointestinal cancer region and periphery show different surface marker.This result contributes the further analysis for Treg with membrane marker.


Pelvic and pudendal nerve injury can occur during extirpative visceral surgery such as radical hysterectomy.1 2 Many of these patients develop severe chronic pelvic pain and bladder symptoms, and are often referred to neurologists with suspicion of lumbosacral plexus lesions or disc disease. There are few or no signs on examination, and patients are often considered to be "hysterical", despite having severe symptoms. Here, we describe two patients in whom severe pelvic pain and bladder dysfunction developed after hysterectomy, and who demonstrated detrusor and rectal hyperreflexia with cocontractions, features usually associated with lesions of the CNS. Whereas spinal cord sensitisation is well recognised after somatic nerve injury, our studies provide the first clear evidence for its development after visceral nerve injury in humans, and a method for its detection using ambulatory urorectodynamics.

Patient 1, a 42 …


Objective:To provide evidence-based reference for developing strategy on drug abuse prevention and control by studying social cost on drug abuse in Yunnan Province in 2003.Methods:Based on the sampling at different levels,with the integration of the quantitative and qualitative survey,we investigated 20 provincial departments and institutes related to drug abuse control,9 domestic and international NGOs,more than 150 related institutes in 5 survey sites,301 drug addicts and 77 families affected by drug abuse.After the investigation,we finally made a comprehensive analysis on the capital and resources of individual,family and society consumed by heroin abuse in 2003 in Yunnan.Results:Based on the number of the existing drug users registered in Yunnan Province,it is estimated that the social cost caused by drug abuse was 1.872 billion RMB.If based on the estimated population size of drug users,the social cost resulting from drug abuse would go up to 2.618-5.610 billion RMB,which accounted for 0.08% of GNP of Yunnan in the same year and meant that the average per capita burden for the citizen of Yunnan was 7.58 RMB.Among the social cost,public cost accounted for 17.74% and individual cost accounted for 82.26%.Among the public cost,public security cost the most which accounted for 85.54%,the next were education(5.72%)and public health(4.52%).However,the cost for drug abuse rehabilitation and research was relatively low.74.40% of the individual input of drug users was for purchasing drugs.Conclusion:To some extent,the scale of the social cost resulting from drug abuse can reflect the drug abuse situation of the society and the attached attention by government to the problem;the resource distribution for drug abuse control in Yunnan is not quite reasonable.The input for intervention such as prevention,treatment,rehabilitation and research as well as the technical input is obviously deficient,especially for the input in education,publicity and community intervention.So it is suggested that we should conduct an overall cost-effect evaluation on the existing drug abuse control strategy and popularize the high cost-effect project in order to distribute resources reasonably and efficiently and reduce the public cost.


Winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) is an important overwintering oilseed crop that is widely planted in northwest China and suffers chronic low temperatures in winter. So the cold stress becomes one of the major constraints that limit its production. The currently existing genomes limit the understanding of the cold-tolerant genetic basis of rapeseed. Here we assembled a high-quality long-read genome of B. rapa "Longyou-7" cultivar, which has a cold-tolerant phenotype, and constructed a graph-based pan-genome to detect the structural variations within homologs of currently reported cold-tolerant related genes in the "Longyou-7" genome, which provides an additional elucidation of the cold-tolerant genetic basis of "Longyou-7" cultivar and promotes the development of cold-tolerant breeding in B. rapa.


A fast liquid chromatography method with detection of fluorescence for enrofloxacine and ciprofloxacine residues in bovine milk (powder, pasteurized, raw) is...


This article proposes a conceptual and measurement framework for postpubertal, L2 speech learning aptitude that is centered around domain-general auditory processing (i.e., representing spectral and temporal characteristics of sounds). To this end, we examine the construct and reliability of a battery of auditory processing tests by presenting the results of an empirical study wherein 100 participants took the tests twice. The findings showed (a) that the tasks tapped into multiple dimensions of auditory processing ability (e.g., perceptual acuity, audio-motor integration); and (b) that test-retest reliability ranged from "fair" to "excellent" (ICC (2,2) = .4–.8). Last, we introduce an offline version of the tests (deposited at L2 Speech Tools for Researchers & Teachers; http://sla-speech-tools.com/), provide a brief user manual, and invite researchers to use these tests to examine the role of auditory processing in various aspects of L2 speech learning (naturalistic vs. classroom, perception- vs. production-based practice).


The thermodynamic equilibrum principle of the PTA oxidation reaction system was overall studied.A complete thermodynamic equilibrum data base was established according to the system.The published thermodynamic equilibrum data related to the system was concluded.Part of the phase equilibrum data were determined by the experiment.The interaction parameters among each mass were obtained by the regression of the experiment data.The raised thermodynamic model and parameters tallied with the literature data,experiment data and on-the-spot data better.The model and parameters provided powerful methods for the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation of PX oxidation process.


Abstract Postpartum can lead to cognitive impairment as well as mental health problems. To prevent these symptoms from getting worse, there needs to be a care method that the mother can easily implement while the infant is nearby. This exploratory pilot study examined that cognitive function improves with horticultural activity. Fifteen healthy women less than one year postpartum participated in this study. They participated in eight sessions of horticultural activity. Psychological tests were administered to assess participants' mental health and cognitive functioning before and after gardening activities. Compared with before gardening activity, the trail making test (TMT)-A and TMT-B were significantly decreased, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test was significantly increased. Also, the scores for the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and anger-hostility, confusion-bewilderment, fatigue-inertia, tension-anxiety, Total Mood Disturbance of the Profile of Mood States 2 was significantly decreased, respectively. Vigor-activity and friendliness of the Profile of Mood States 2 were significantly increased. Given these positive benefits, horticultural activity may improve mental health and cognitive functions in postpartum women and may provide a great contribution to postpartum women's healthy life.


Recent evolution of French regulation obliges pig breeders to annually declare ammonia emitted by their activities. In the calculation of emission, some techniques like scrubber, covers or additives are identified leading to the application of abatement factor. In a global program of studies concerning reduction of ammonia, ITP conducted an experiment concerning benzoic acid and the effects on ammonia and pig performance. Benzoic acid, naturally present in many fruits and berries, has been used under codes E210 as preservative in pharmaceutical formulas, a wide range of foodstuffs and soft drinks. Several studies have been already conducted in European countries but not under our French conditions of pig breeding.


In the present study, a series of experiments on the fuel jet from a 3D-printed swirling nozzle were performed. The particle size distribution of the fuel at different injection pressures was measured by a particle size analyzer, and the enhancement of the jet atomization by swirling air was also evaluated. The Rosin-Rammler distribution model was used to analyze the trend of the jet distribution modulus along with the fuel inject pressure, and the particle size variation analyzed the jet development process. The applicability of 3D printed nozzles for aero-engine was evaluated by varying the nozzle flow number.


Radar observations of the corona can be used with a specified model of the corona to derive the particle flux in the solar wind at Earth. The most plausible model considered gives good agreement with the results obtained directly by the Mariner II plasma probe.


In 1950, Seiler and associates 1 reported on 10 patients on whom pulmonary resection had been carried out at the Mayo Clinic in an attempt to eradicate metastatic tumors of the lungs. Hood and co-workers, 2 in 1955, added 33 more patients to the series. One of the latter series was excluded later because what was considered earlier as a metastatic ovarian carcinoma is now believed to have been a second primary tumor (alveolar-cell carcinoma). The current study is an extension and continuation of the two previous ones. Its purpose is to bring the material up to date by presenting information on more recently treated patients and later follow-up data on the previous patients. By this means it is hoped to assess further the status of resection in the treatment of metastatic malignant pulmonary lesions. General Data in Present Study By the end of 1956, a total of 96 patients


Introduction:
 Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is known to occur in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The incidence, complications and outcomes of CVST in acute ischemic stroke is unknown. We aimed to analyze a national database to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of CVST in acute ischemic stroke patients.

 Method:
 We included weighted 624,046 adult patients (age ≥18 years) with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized in 2019 from the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD). Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes.

 Results:
 Of the total, 1,156 (0.19%) stroke patients (mean age 50 ± 25) years and 55.9% females) were admitted with CVST. Of these, 144(12.4%) patients died in the CVST group and 41,372(6.64%) in the non CVST group (p <0.001). Complications were noted to be higher in CVST group vs. non CVST; common complications that were significant included but not limited to; intracranial hemorrhage OR 6.11, CI (4.86-7.67), p <0.001, resp failure OR 1.89, CI (1.47-2.44), p<0.001, seizure OR 4.34, CI (2.74-6.87), cranial nerve palsy OR 8.15, CI (4.14-16.10), p<0.001. The cost of index hospitalization and length of stay were higher for patients with CVST as well. Increased mortality was associated with diagnosis of CVST on presentation.

 Conclusion:
 In hospitalized acute ischemic stroke patients, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis was associated with increased risk of morbidity, mortality, increased length of stay and higher cost of hospitalization.


Larval Scomber BcombruB and ScomberjaponicuB from the western North Atlantic Ocean are com pared. At 4 to 11 mm S.japonicuB are deeper bodied, and at 3 to 15 mm have greater preanuslengths than S. BcombruB of comparable sizes. ScomberBcombruB larvae are more heavily pigmented than S. japonicuB, particularly on the dorsal trunk surface and at the cleithral sympysis. In continental shelf waters between Martha's Vineyard, Mass., and Palm Beach, Fla., 1966-68, S. BcombruB eggs occurred north of Cape Hatteras, N.C., mostly in the shoreward half of shelf waters, during spring and summer. Surface temperatures associated with egg occurrences varied from 6.3° to 16.9°C. ScomberjaponicuB eggs were taken south of Cape Hatteras, in the outer half of shelfwaters, during winter and spring cruises. Surface temperatures associated with egg occurrences ranged from 20.4° to 25.4°C. Larval S. BcombruB occurred north of Cape Hatteras during spring and summer with concurrent surface temperatures ranging from 12.3° to 20. 7°C. Withthe exception ofthree specimens, S .japonicuB larvae occurred south of Cape Hatteras and were taken where the surface temperature ranged from 16.0° to 29.4°C. Despite an abundance of publications describing the young stages of Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, and their occurrences in the western North Atlantic (Dannevig 1919; Sette 1943; Bigelow and Schroeder 1953; Berrien 1975), very little information exists on young of the con generic chub mackerel, Scomberjaponicus Hout tuyn, from the same area. There are no descrip tions ofS .japonicuseggs, larvae, orjuveniles from the western North Atlantic, although there are excellent descriptions of specimens from the Pacific Ocean (Fry 1936a; Orton 1953; Uchida et aI. 1958; Kramer 1960; Watanabe 1970) and some brief descriptions of this species from European waters (Ehrenbaum 1924; Padoa 1956). Ehren baum (1924), Padoa (1956), and Dekhnik (1959) compared larvae of the two species. Reports of young S.japonicus in the western North Atlantic are limited to those by Anderson and Gehringer (1958), Dooley (1972), Fahay (1975), and de Sylva. 2 Although adults ofS.japonicus are known to range from the Gulf ofSt. Lawrence (Leim and Scott 1966) to Bermuda and the Gulf of Mexico


Victor Mancini, the protagonist, did not have a happy childhood as his mother was constantly committing crimes; therefore, she was mostly in jail. Victor was mostly brought up by other families so he grew up without family affection. Today Victor is in his twenties, but he has got problems. Victor feels lonely and he cannot forget his past. He tries to forget his loneliness and has become sex addicted. He intentionally chokes while eating in expensive restaurants, and there is always someone who saves him. A close rela-tionship between him and his saver starts. His saver even sends him money. But Victor is not doing this for money. Another problem he has: Victor thinks he is Jesus Christ and he likes this idea because this will help him to realize he could be a nice guy. Victor never means to deceive other people. He does all these things to get attention of people. He is searching for love, he is seeking for affection.


Surveillance studies scholars and privacy scholars have each developed sophisticated, important critiques of the existing data-driven order. But too few scholars in either tradition have put forward alternative substantive conceptions of a good digital society. This, I argue, is a crucial omission. Unless we construct new "sociotechnical imaginaries," new understandings of the goals and aspirations digital technologies should aim to achieve, the most surveillance studies and privacy scholars can hope to accomplish is a less unjust version of the technology industry's own vision for the future.


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CaRDI Research & Policy Brief Issue 33; Community & Energy: Economics of Energy; Community & Energy: Renewable Energy Sources & Sustainability


This paper shows an extraction method of a symmetric object for eyeglass face analysis using an active contour model. A contour of eyeglasses hinders a face analysis and synthesis which treats contours of facial parts or partial regions of the face such as eyes, mouth, cheek, eyelid and so on. Methods of active contours extract object contour well. We show an active contour model which is adapted to extract a contour of symmetric object, especially we focus on extracting eyeglass frame using snakes. We study to obtain parameters of snakes by genetic algorithm. We show the good results of applying the snakes in an actual facial image, and synthesize an expressive face with eyeglasses as an application.


Abstract Differences in the chlorination behaviour of two titania slags were studied in a laboratory chlorinator at 950 °C. The differences operated on two time scales: within the first few minutes, nearly all of the FeO and MnO was chlorinated and then over tens of minutes the remaining material – largely TiO2 – was chlorinated more slowly. The higher-FeO, lower-Ti2O3 slag showed a smaller exothermic effect during the initial reaction period and a higher subsequent TiO2 chlorination rate. A simple reaction model incorporating an energy balance was used to describe the effect of experimental conditions on the measured temperature increases.


About 80 percent of Ethiopia's 67 million people live in the highlands at altitudes of more than 1500 metres above sea level (masl). Population pressure in the highlands has pushed farmers onto lands with fragile soils and steep slopes. This is causing land degradation and declining agricultural productivity. Mount Yerer watershed is no exception. Its altitude ranges from 1,800 masl to 3,200 masl, covering an area of about 6,000 ha. The main cereal crop cultivated at the lower altitude is teff, with wheat and barley at higher altitudes. Many households have livestock: local cattle, horses, sheep or goats. Oxen are used for ploughing the heavy soil and sometimes cows are kept for milk. Most of the community members are poor, while women are among the poorest with less access to health, education and other services. Smallholder dairy production with local or improved cattle can raise income of the poor and especially women, but these dairy animals need adequate feed.


More than one in four patients may have aspirin resistance, a new metaanalysis shows, and they face a four‐to sixfold increased risk of a major cardiovascular event or death compared with aspirin‐sensitive patients taking low‐dose aspirin (BMJ online: 17 Jan 2008; doi:10. 1136/bmj.39430.529549.BE).


In this paper,in order to probe into the quantum effect of mesoscopic electric circuit,on the basis of electromagnetic theory and quantum theory,quantum fluctuation of RLC circuit after quantization described by Single-wave function is studied, proving that electric charge and electric current fluctuatio are not only related to their quantum state but also to time.


This study aimed to determine the techniques that students perceive as important to support their engagement in computer science online learning, and to examine the effect of the gender and educational stage on students' appreciation of these techniques. The study relied on the descriptive approach and used a questionnaire to collect data. The questionnaire consisted of 29 techniques to support students' engagement, divided into three main categories: engagement among students, engagement between student and teacher, and engagement between students and educational content. The questionnaire was distributed electronically after verifying its validity and reliability. The study sample consisted of 405 male and female students in middle and high school in Riyadh. The finding indicated that students saw the importance of all the techniques to support their engagement in computer science online learning, and the student-teacher engagement techniques were the most important for students, followed by the student-content engagement techniques, then the student-student engagement techniques. In addition, the results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the average of sample's responses related to the variable of gender in favor of females; and related to the variable of educational stage in favor of the high school. The study recommended the importance of paying attention to the engagement techniques in online learning environment generally because of their great importance for both male and female students, and the need to develop teacher preparation programs in line with the modern trends towards online learning.

Keywords: Engagement Techniques, online learning, computer science


–Next-generation networks require organized methods to offer Quality of Service (QoS) guaranteed IP network connectivity. This study suggests a solution for combined control of routing and flow problems, namely an algorithm based on flow deterministic network models. The algorithm solves the problem by identifying optimal routes and triggering the flow control law only for those paths. This experiment aims to assess how QoS and MPLS traffic engineering (TE) can advance Internet performance. It also aims to ascertain avenues for Internet improvement and to devise innovative mechanisms to ensure traffic engineering provision, and Class-of-Service (CoS) features in nextgeneration networks. The performances of the algorithm were evaluated on a fully connected six-node network, the data for which were extracted from a realistic network.


Alpha-tocopherol glycosides have become one of the principal products of vitamin E derivatives, due to their stabilities. So far, there are hundreds of tocopherol glycosides which have been synthesized and they have various pharmaceutical functions. Some of the glycosides have much higher bioactivities comparing with tocopherol, some of them are more easily absorbed by human body, and some have better surface activity. They are antisterility and antioxidant and have other bioactivities such as antivirotic, anti-immune defect disorder, etc. Owing to these attributes, vitamin E including pharmaceutical, food additive, cosmetics and feed.


This paper presents a position sensorless approach to general purpose inverter-fed fully-pitched winding reluctance motor drives. The proposed sensorless algorithm is based on the measured magnetizing curves of the motor under two-phase excitation and the rotor position information can be estimated by using both the flux-linkage and the exciting current. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been verified by experiments using 400 W, 3000 RPM fully-pitched winding reluctance motor with 12/8 teeth configuration.


The isolated of fresh ginger essential oil had been by hidrodistillation and chemical components were analyzed by GC MS. The main chemical components of volatile oil (> 3%) is obtained geranial (20.27%), 1,8-cineol (14.87%), neral (14.23%), kamfen (12.32%), beta-ocimene (4.26%), beta-myrcene (3.21%), zingiberen (3.0%). Furthermore, dry ginger pulp was extracted with 96% ethanol using a soklet. Ginger rhizome extract (essential oil (extract 1)) and (ethanol extract (extract 2)) determined by DPPH antioxidant activity of free radicals. IC50 values obtained are respectively 1363.298 mg/mL and 1124.464 mg/mL. Ginger rhizome extract inkorporation to galaktomanan Edible film, then wrapped in bacon tilapia for 5 days at 4 ° C. Specified iodometric titration peroxide results obtained in a row is 12.384 meq/kg and 11.88 meq/kg. To see a group absorption spectrophotometry determined hydroperoxide in FT-IR showed that inkorporation galaktomanan edible film to extract 1 and extract 2 can inhibit the oxidation of fat tilapia. Universitas Sumatera Utara


This multicenter retrospective study of the initial U.S. experience evaluated the safety and efficacy of temporary cardiac pacing with the Tempo® Temporary Pacing Lead.


The cost of climate change-related disasters in terms of the lives lost and the damages to the social, economic and environmental assets are predicted to be higher. Disaster risk management is one of the crucial pillars with which to face this emerging trend in order to ensure the goals of are achieved sustainable development. However, the sustainability of the disaster risk management development is also significantly more complicated in changing conditions. It is necessary to look for ways to build a disaster-resilient society. This paper focuses on exploring the possibilities of supporting the sustainability of the disaster risk management through the involvement of the general public into it. The objective of this paper is to present the results from assessing the preparedness for the disasters in the Slovak Republic with an emphasis on the changing climate and environment (from population perspective). The research is based on the exploration of the questionnaire survey's results aimed at investigating the preparedness and preventive proactive behaviour of the population against the disasters. The results suggest that the disaster risk awareness and overall disaster preparedness level is rather poor and the population is inactive. The proactive behaviour of the respondents against the disasters is partially affected by some of their personality and socio-economic characteristics; especially, the younger respondents currently incline more toward adopting the protective measures. In addition, other aspects, e.g. the negative experience with the disasters in the past have an influence on the preparedness. The possibilities of increasing the preparedness of the population and their engagement into sustainable disaster risk management system are also discussed in this paper.


The plume-plume interaction of two small cold gas thrusters is investigated under high vacuum conditions in the DLR high vacuum plume test facility STG-CT. In this paper we concentrate on the interaction downstream of the nozzles. After introducing the experimental equipment, characteristics of shock interaction are presented. Furthermore the appropriateness of the Penetration Knudsen Number for predicting the type of interaction also for thruster plumes is investigated.


ABSTRACT The conventional single‐supervisor model of postgraduate teaching has shown itself to be deficient in a number of areas. In this paper, it is argued that a useful supplement to this model would be a course on problems and methods in research for the beginning researcher. The authors describe their experiences with such a course at Griffith University. Evaluation suggests that the course can provide not only formal research guidance, but also a support system of staff and fellow‐students which can serve to reduce the intellectual isolation of the postgraduate student. This may lead to lower attrition rates and improve the performance and productivity of the postgraduate student.


Sepsis-induced lymphocyte and dendritic cell apoptosis contributes to immunosuppression, which results in an inability to eradicate the primary infection as well as a propensity to acquire new, secondary infections. Another cellular process, autophagy, is also activated in immune cells and plays a protective role. In the present study, we demonstrate that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) regulates both immune cell apoptosis and autophagy in a murine endotoxemia model. Interferon regulatory factor 1 is activated at an early phase through a Toll-like receptor 4–dependent, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88–independent manner in splenocytes. Furthermore, IRF-1 knockout (KO) mice are protected from a lethal endotoxemia model. This protection is associated with decreased apoptosis and increased autophagy in splenocytes. Interferon regulatory factor 1 KO mice experience decreased apoptotic cell loss, especially in CD4+ T lymphocytes and myeloid antigen-presenting cells. Meanwhile, IRF-1 KO mice demonstrate increased autophagy and improved mitochondrial integrity. This increased autophagy in KO mice is attributable, at least in part, to deactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin/P70S6 signaling—a main negative regulator of autophagy. Therefore, we propose a novel role for IRF-1 in regulating both apoptosis and autophagy in splenocytes in the setting of endotoxemia with IRF-1 promoting apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy. ABBREVIATION LPS—lipopolysaccharide; TLR4—Toll-like receptor 4; MyD88—myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; TRIF—domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-B; IRF-1—interferon regulatory factor 1; LC3—microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin; WT—wild type; KO—knockout; APCs—antigen-presenting cells


In the United States, the growth of judicial power started as a way to curb over-reaching, sometimes corrupt, state legislatures and manifested itself in allowing the judicial branch, as opposed to the other branches, to resolve more disputes over contracts, property, debts, and other distinctly nineteenth-century problems. For the last seventy-five years or so, however, something else has propelled its influence: the growth of constitutional review at the federal level, the power to invalidate state and federal civil laws and executive branch actions as well as state and federal criminal prosecutions. This chapter discusses what has become an acutely American dilemma, a fear that the courts will do too little in enforcing constitutional rights and a fear they will do too much. It considers the problems posed in each direction and the risks of politicizing the federal courts if they become the exclusive source of identifying constitutional individual and structural rights.


Using hourly data, we show that the convergence of German and French electricity spot prices depends on the employed generation mix structure, on the trade (export/import) capacity between the two countries, and on characteristics of neighbouring markets. Only when German and French electricity markets employ "similar" generation mixes price spreads vanish, and the likelihood for congestion of electricity flows is significantly reduced. This implies that, at least, a part of the convergence that was documented in recent literature is spurious, because it is not (only) driven by the forces of arbitrage, but by the similarity of the generation structures. The direction of congestion matters in this regard. Furthermore, we document consistent evidence for the most important predictions of trade theory if markets are characterized by increasing marginal cost (i.e. supply) curves and limited cross-border capacities.


The paper proposes a method for calculating the reinforced concrete elements strength according to the deformation model using the deformation diagrams of concrete and reinforcing steel materials, which eliminates the complicated procedure of numerical integration of stresses in the element section during the transition to generalized internal forces. Integral parameters of diagrams are introduced into the energy model for calculating the strength of reinforced concrete elements along with the deformations and stresses normalized values at the base diagrams' points. The integral parameters are calculated for the element cross section, the strain at the stress diagram gravity center in the compressed concrete zone and the coordinates of force in the concrete and reinforcement are relative to the neutral axis from the condition of the stress profile shape compliance in the element compressed zone, and the concrete diagram is used in the calculations. The integral parameters calculated dependences for the compressive strength concrete classes. The recommendations on the concrete diagrams integral parameters values rationing and their use in the complex sections and statically indeterminable systems calculations are given.


High pressure nanomilling provides an inexpensive, environmentally conscious method to fabricate large quantities of nanoparticles. The presence of large particle sizes, inherent in mechanical attrition processes pose obstacles in identifying the optical properties of these nanosized particles. The high refractive index and relatively small absorption coefficient of silicon (Si) directed their research efforts to wards Si nanoparticles. The authors presently report simple separation procedure which allows them to utilize a range of tools to characterize and exploit properties in the nano size range. Employing these Si nanoparticles, high refractive index nanocomposites in gelatin were fabricated with values as high as 3.2.


This paper deals with the HVDC system fault analysis and the tuning of the control parameter. This paper is based on the actual cable fault which was caused by the overvoltage due to commutation failure. In order to analyze the fault, the detailed PSCAD/EMTDC model which the sampling time is , was made. Finally, the control parameter of HVDC system was tuned.


It is essential to monitor accurately current sea level changes to better understand and project future sea level rise (SLR). This is the basis to support the design of adaptation strategies to climate change. Altimeter sea level products are operationally produced and distributed by the E.U. Copernicus services dedicated to the marine environment (CMEMS) and climate change (C3S). The present article is a review paper that intends to explain why and to which extent the sea level monitoring indicators derived from these products are appropriate to develop adaptation strategies to SLR. We first present the main key scientific questions and challenges related to SLR monitoring. The different processing steps of the altimeter production system are presented including those ensuring the quality and the stability of the sea level record (starting in 1993). Due to the numerous altimeter algorithms required for the production, it is complex to ensure both the retrieval of high-resolution mesoscale signals and the stability of the large-scale wavelengths. This has led to the operational production of two different sea level datasets whose specificities are characterized. We present the corresponding indicators: the global mean sea level (GMSL) evolution and the regional map of sea level trends, with their respective uncertainties. We discuss how these products and associated indicators support adaptation to SLR, and we illustrate with an example of downstream application. The remaining gaps are analyzed and recommendations for the future are provided.


The best known event in the history of machine translation is without doubt the publication thirty years ago in November 1966 of the report by the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPAC 1966). Its e¤ect was to bring to an end the substantial funding of MT research in the United States for some twenty years. More significantly, perhaps, was the clear message to the general public and the rest of the scientific community that MT was hopeless. For years afterwards, an interest in MT was something to keep quiet about; it was almost shameful. To this day, the 'failure' of MT is still repeated by many as an indisputable fact. The impact of ALPAC is undeniable. Such was the notoriety of its report that from time to time in the next decades researchers would discuss among themselves whether ''another ALPAC'' might not be inflicted upon MT. At the 1984 ACL conference, for example, Margaret King (1984) introduced a panel session devoted to considering this very possibility. A few years later, the Japanese produced a report (JEIDA 1989) surveying the current situation in their country under the title: ''A Japanese view of machine translation in light of the considerations and recommendations reported by ALPAC.'' While the fame or notoriety of ALPAC is familiar, what the report actually said is now becoming less familiar and often forgotten or misunderstood—and this extensive summary includes therefore substantial extracts. The report itself is brief—a mere 34 pages—but it is supported by twenty appendices totalling a further 90 pages. Some of these appendices have had an impact as great as the report itself, in particular the evaluation study by John Carroll in Appendix 10. The first point to note is that the report is entitled: ''Languages and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics.'' It was supposedly concerned, therefore, not just with MT but with the broader field of computational linguistics. In practice, most funded NLP research at the time was devoted to full-scale MT. The background to the committee is outlined in the Preface:


Cyclisation of N-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)acetamide (6) afforded 1-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-1H-indole (13) by intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution using sodium hydride and cuprous halide in dimethylformamide. The dihydroindoles (14), (15), and (16) were also synthesised from the corresponding amides (8) and (10) and the carbamate (12) in a similar manner. The dihydroindoles (13), (14), and (16) were converted into the indoles (20) and (21) in excellent yield by oxidation and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis. The 2-oxindoles (26) and (27) were also prepared under similar reaction conditions from the phenylacetamide (24) and (25).


This paper outlines a nonlinear theory for the output power vs excitation current of an injection diode laser. The dependence upon electric field amplitude of effective negative conductivity in the region of inverted population derived and used to determine the level of steady oscillation in the quasilinear approximation (nonlinear conduction current small compared with displacement current). This level is simply related to the output power. A field dependent negative conduction current is derived from the negative conductivity which indicates that, in the quasilinear approximation, the presence of two modes with the same polarization will be an unstable situation; one mode will grow at the expense of the other.


Fiacre was designed in the framework of the TOPCASED project dealing with model-driven engineering and gathering numerous partners, from both industry and academics. Therefore, Fiacre is designed both as the target language of model transformation engines from various models such as SDL, UML, AADL, and as the source language of compilers into the targeted verification toolboxes, namely CADP and Tina in the first step. In this paper, we present the Fiacre language. Then transformations from AADL to Fiacre are illustrated on a small example.


Oxycodone is a potent semi‐synthetic opioid that is commonly used for the treatment of severe acute and chronic pain. However, treatment with oxycodone can lead to cardiac electrical changes, such as long QT syndrome, potentially inducing sudden cardiac arrest. Here, we investigate whether the cardiac side effects of oxycodone can be explained by modulation of the cardiac Nav1.5 sodium channel.


Objective To investigate the effect of ShuXueNing injection on blood hyperviscosity intreatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease. Methods 60 patients of CPHD were randomly di-vided into two groups, treatment group (n=32) received ShuXueNing injection 25ml+5% Gs 250mliv gtt control group (n=28) received 5% Gs 250ml iv gtt. Color Doppler Chocardiographies werecarried out before treatment and measure the velocity of blood backflow at tricuspid valve(Vt) andcalculated, the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure(SPAP) fasting blood laboratory examination wasmade in the two groups before and after the treatment respectively. Findings of the laboratory werestatistically analysed. Results Vt plasma viscosity,whole blood viscosity fibrinogen and RBCpacked cell volume and SPAP decreased significantly in treatment group as compared with controlgroup (P0.05). Conclusion ShuXueNing injection can lower SPAP and blood riscosity obviouslyand be used in prevention and treatment of CPHD.


ERMI RODITA HAYATI. Determination of the Warehouse Location and Distribution Route using Integer Programming. Supervised by FARIDA HANUM and TONI BAKHTIAR. Distributing is one of important activities in a company. The efficiency of distribution costs can increase company profits. In this context the problems faced by the company are to reduce distribution costs including the determination of the warehouse location and the distribution route. In this paper, two mathematical models are studied. Those are the model for determining the warehouse location and the distribution route. Models are formulated in term of integer programming. In implementation, we consider a logistic company which has 1 distribution center, 2 warehouses, 3 suppliers, 40 customers, and 24 trucks with different capacities. The company plans to establish at most 3 new warehouses. It is demonstrated that, by using the models, two new locations of warehouse are recommended and an optimal distribution route is provided.


Tianjin city is a base of metalwork industry in our country. But there are some problems, such as backwardness of technology; low ratio of the high tech products in the total metalwork products; the higher production cost of metalwork industry in Tianjin. The market chances of the development of Tianjin metalwork industry are indicated. Three proposes are suggested: the market location; adjusting the whole technological process of steel smelt, high speed roll of the steel wire and metalwork products; regulating organize structure of enterprises.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) combined with Western medicine in the treatment of dry eye in primary Sjogren's syndrome.Methods A Case-control study was employed.110 patients(220 eyes) were averagely divided into two groups,55 cases(110 eyes) in each group.The control group were treated with Hypromellose 2910,Dextran 70 and Glycerol eye drops,recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor eye gel,tarsal massage therapy.The treatment group received the same treatment as the control group,additionally drunk traditional Chinese medicine Runmufengye soup.The dry eye symptom scores,tear film break-up time,Schirmer I test under no topical anesthesia and corneal fluorescein staining were observed and analyzed.Results There was no statistically significant difference in dry eye symptoms score,tear film break-up time,Schirmer I test,corneal fluorescein staining score between the treatment group and control group before treatment(all P 0.05).After treatment of 1 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks,each index improved over time in the two groups,and there were statistical differences compared with pre-treatment except for 1 week of the control group(all P 0.05).The therapeutic effects of the treatment group were better than those of the control group(all P0.05).Conclusion The effect of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment can concordance between the outside and the inside.It was obviously better than that of the Western medicine treatment in improving symptoms and clinical signs of dry eye in primary Sjogren' s syndrome.


Aimed the needs of assembling and adjusting of optics and fine mechanics in the class 100 clean environment,designed a crank block type turnover mechanism driven by"servo motor rolling ball screw".Deduced out of expression of the crank and connecting rod movement and expression of the slide stroke and connecting rod force were also demonstrated.By means of cosmosmotion,a CAE plug-in of Solidworks,the theoretical simulation analysis for movement was done and synchronously driving force and slide stroke were optimized and the three-dimensional model were established.The stress-strain analysis of mechanism was obtained by Ansys workbench and finally the results demonstrated that this mechanism had the ability to meet requirements.


curtain wall fastening system relates to the field of construction and can be used for installation on the exterior walls being built and operated buildings. The utility model comprises a bracket with a support part fastened on the wall by means of anchors with the washers, the insert and secured to the bracket by bolts vertical guide, the bracket and the vertical guide are in the form of seamless hollow structures, representing a cross section interconnected sheets forming the farm, the bracket is formed as a brand, and the insert is connected to the vertical guide and the bracket. The bracket is formed with oval holes and the supporting surface of the bracket, cooperating with the facade surface and the washer anchors are provided with notches. The vertical guide is formed as bracket profile and platform for mounting facing material replaceably site depending on the type of lining material and the extruded element is provided with rectangular section, adapted to accommodate the head of a bolt, freely movable along a vertical guide. Brackets, rails, and insert made of aluminum alloy. The support bracket part is further provided with a dielectric gasket to prevent electrochemical corrosion. 1 NC Fct 7 z.p.f. 2 ill.


A method of using a moving texture alpha-mask to represent scientific data is described, for the purpose of visualizing continuous fluid dynamics fields. The method combines stream tubes and particle animation into one hybrid technique, and employs texture surface display to represent time, flow velocity and 3D flow structure in one view. The technique exploits texture graphics systems in common use for games, and achieves high graphics efficiency during animation.


A neutral germylene tungsten complex with W-H and Ge-H bonds was prepared by the reaction of an acetonitrile(methyl)-tungsten complex with trihydrogermane at room temperature. X-ray crystal structure analysis and IR study revealed that there is a weak but significant interligand interaction between the germylene and hydrido ligands. The germylene complex reacted with nitriles and ketones to give hydrogermylation products in high yields.


Purpose: The article presents a concept of a hybrid layer, consisting of a gradient layer and anti-wear coat, intended for machine parts regeneration. Design/methodology/approach: The essence of method lies in the use of universal replacement material and its surface processing, which increases the hardness of the part that is being regenerated. The study was conducted on a material covered with a layer made of vacuum-nitraded padding weld of 17CrNi6-6, followed by an anti-wear DCL carbon coat. The morphology of thus created layers and their wear strength has been examined and their utility value has been evaluated. Findings: The hybrid layers under study have been found to improve the machine parts strength, while at the same time reducing frictional resistance, reducing the adhesion forces of the elements in contact and improving the corrosion resistance. Research limitations/implications: The method provides for making use of a versatile restoration material, which subsequently enables application of specific surface processing to improve the durability of the part being regenerated. Practical implications: It is a new concept of a hybrid layer, intended for machine parts regeneration.


It has often been suggested that the frequently observed Watson-Crick base-pair compensatory substitutions in RNA helical structures occur mainly through a slightly deleterious G'U intermediate state. We have scored base substitutions in a set of82 related Drosophila species for the D1 and D2 variable domains ofthe large rRNA subunit. In all locations where a G-C +A-U compensatory base change occurred, a G-U pair has been observed in one or several species. As this dominant process implies two transitions, their rate was far higher in paired regions (92%) than in unpaired regions (47%). The other types of compensation were rarer and no intermediate states were observed. Most ofthe GNU base pairs observed in a species are not slightly deleterious. The rate of evolution of compensatory substitution is close to that predicted by a simple model of compensatory substitution through slightly deleterious or slightly advantageous GNU pairs, although some exceptions are presented. The secondary structure of rRNAs is remarkably uniform across taxa (1-3). This conservation is ensured by a special pattern of base change known as compensatory mutation (although what is observed is a compensatory substitution): when a substitution has occurred at a given site, the corresponding site, located vis-A-vis in the helical structure formed by the folding of the single RNA strand, also exhibits a change that restores the Watson-Crick base complementarity. This observation is so general for the "stable" RNAs that the most efficient method used to confirm a secondary structure inferred from a sequence is based on the observation in various species of compensatory substitutions in the putative helices. Biochemical studies (4) or functional studies ofdouble mutants (5, 6) have confirmed results obtained with the comparative method. A simple model assumes that A-U* and G-C are optimal and stable states and that A-U * G-C compensatory substitutions occur mainly through a slightly deleterious intermediate GNU state that is somewhat less stable but retains the helical structure. This slightly deleterious intermediate would be short-lived and, therefore, rarely observed. The low frequency of G-U in RNA sequences is generally explained in this way (7, 8). However, when only distantly related species are compared, as usual, there is no evidence that the G-U pairs effectively observed are deleterious or fugacious (9). In fact, some of these pairs may be deleterious states whereas others may be conserved over more or less prolonged times. The terms fugacious and stable states have a temporal significance and the time reference will be the average life span of a neutral pair (see Results). The recognition of intermediate states per se must be achieved through comparison of numerous and related sequences that have evolved during a short time. This requires the study in related species of a region of the molecule variable enough to allow the observation of a sufficient number of substitutions. For this purpose, we have focused our study on the sequence of the divergent (or variable) domains D1 and D2 (10) of the 28S rRNA of 82 species of Drosophila and related drosophilids. This situation has several advantages. (i) The regions studied offer a high number of mutations in these two divergent domains. (ii) The phylogenetic analysis of the substitutions allows the events to be polarized. (iii) The fact that species are very related allows us to reconstruct the substitution pattern step by step, with a good approximation. This is because, in species clusters, the fixation of compensated stable states may not be achieved in all species and one or several sequences may still carry remnants of the deleterious states. MATERIALS AND METHODS Species. We have used the D1 and D2 sequences ofthe large rRNA subunits from 82 Drosophila and related species (Fig. 1), obtained in this laboratory. D1 and D2 domains of Drosophila (Scaptodrosophila) dimorpha, Chymomyza bicolor, and 26 cyclorrhaphous Diptera have also been sequenced, and 20 additional D2 sequences have been taken from the literature (11). Sequences of these 48 additional species have only been used to design secondary structures but they were not taken into account to establish the pattern of substitutions. Sequences. The divergent domains D1 and D2 [sensu (10)] of the large rRNA subunit (28S), totaling about 545 nucleotides have been sequenced by the direct method, using the RNA as template (12). Total RNA was extracted by the lithium chloride method (13). Sequence Aligment and Secondary Structure. Multiple alignment was carried out manually as well as automatically with the Clustal program (14). A very short segment (2-5 bases, positions 218-221 in Fig. 2) in a loop of the D2 domain has been excluded from the analysis because a high rate of insertion and deletion in these positions prevented safe reconstitution of substitution pathways. Secondary structures were determined using Zuker's algorithm (15). These structures have been confirmed or corrected through evidence of compensatory base changes from the sequences of the 130 species listed above. Phylogeny and Pattern of Substitution. The general phylogeny of Drosophilidae has been analyzed by various parsimony and distance methods (M.P. and M.S., unpublished data). A more detailed analysis of the phylogeny of the Abbreviation: Myr, million year(s). *Standard IUB nomenclature for nucleic acids (33) is not used in this report. Rather, the following nomenclature is used. A hyphen is used for Watson-Crick base pairs in rRNA helices: G-C and A-U. A dot is used for G-U base pairs. No punctuation is used for unpaired nucleotides: A C, A A, and U U. 10032 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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Liang Feng Huang,1,2 Peng Lai Gong,1 and Zhi Zeng1,3,* 1Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China 2Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Dusseldorf, Germany 3University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China (Received 4 June 2014; revised manuscript received 30 June 2014; published 15 July 2014)


Collaborative filtering recommender systems have become essential to many Internet services, providing, for instance, book recommendations at Amazon's online e-commerce service, music recommendation in Spotify and movie recommendation in Netflix. Matrix factorization and Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are two popular methods for implementing recommender systems, both providing superior accuracy over common neighborhood models. Both methods also shift much of the computation from the prediction phase to the model training phase, which enables fast predictions once the model has been trained. This thesis suggests a novel approach for performing matrix factorization using the Alternating-Least-Squares with Weighted-λ-Regularization (ALS-WR) algorithm on cuda (ALS-CUDA). The algorithm is implemented and evaluated in the context of recommender systems by comparing it to other commonly used approaches. These include an rbm and a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) approach. Our evaluation shows that significant speedups can be achieved by using cuda and gpus for training recommender systems. The als-cuda algorithm implemented in this thesis provided speedup factors of up to 175.4 over the sequential cpu als implementation and scales linearly with the number of cuda threads assigned to it until the gpus shared memory has been saturated. Comparing the performance of the als-cuda algorithm to cuda implementations of the sgd and the rbm algorithms shows that the als-cuda algorithm outperformed the rbm. For a sparse dataset, results indicate that the als-cuda algorithm performs slightly worse than the sgd implementation, while for a dense dataset, als-cuda outperforms the sgd. However, generally the advantage of the als-cuda algorithm does not necessarily lie in its speed, but also in the fact that it requires fewer parameters than the sgd. It therefore represents a viable option when some speed can be traded off for algorithmic stability, or when the dataset is dense.


The effect of sintering temperatures (Ts ) on the structural and magnetic properties of Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4(NZFO) ferrites synthesized by conventional double sintering method has been reported. The samples are sintered at 1200, 1250 and 1300 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals the formation of a single phase cubic spinel structure of the sample. The magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization, Ms ; coercive field, Hc ; remanent magnetization, Mr and Bohr magneton, µ B are determined and compared with reported values. The obtained values are found to be 71.94 emu/gm and 1.2 Oe for Ms and Hc , respectively at Ts = 1300°C sample. Curie temperature (Tc ) for various Ts has also been calculated. It is noteworthy that the sample with a very low Hc could be used in transformer core and inductor applications.


Objective To develop an oligonucleotide microarray assay for differentiation of Nsp2-deletedmutant of highly pathogenic PRRSV and classical American PRRSV strain.Methods Based on the nucleotide sequences of Nsp2-deleted mutant of highly pathogenic PRRSV and classical PRRSV strain,a set of duplex PCR primers were designed to amplify the conservative region of American PRRSV genome and partial Nsp2 gene sequence covering the two non-continued deletions.The 31~ 35 mer oligonuleotide probes were designed to bind the multiple target sites within the conservative region of American PRRSV genome and the sequence corresponding to the deletions of Nsp2 gene.On the basis of this,an oligonucleotide microarray assay was developed,verified for specificity and sensitivity and preliminarily applied.Results Classical and mutant PRRSV strains were differentiated obviously by hybridization patterns.The microarray probe showed no specific hybridization with classical swine fever virus(CSFV),porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)or porcine pseudorabies virus(PRV).The sensitivity of the developed microarray method was similar to that of conventional PCR method.The detection results of 12 samples from suspected PRRS by microarray were consistent with those by conventional PCR.Conclusion The developed microarray method may be used for accurate differentiation of Nsp2-deleted mutant highly pathogenic PRRSV as well as clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of highly pathogenic PRRSV infection.


this study aims to determine the effect of online learning during the covid-19 pandemic on interpersonal relationships at Nusa Cendana University students. This study uses a quantitative approach to the method of distributing instrument questionnaires. University students of Nusa Cendana have been previously interviewed regarding interpersonal relationships during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample in this study were 68 respondents using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. The data analysis technique was carried out using a simple linear regression technique. Based on the results of the data obtained, it is concluded that online learning during the covid-19 pandemic has an effect on interpersonal relationships. This can be seen from the R Square value of 0.520 which means that online learning during the covid-19 pandemic contributed 52% to interpersonal relationships and the rest was influenced by other factors.


Do most high schools compute rank-in-class? The vast majority do, regardless of their geo graphical location or their means of support. The variations in how it is done, however, are numerous.


In this paper, the design and simulation of MEMS-type hot cathode ionization gauge is presented. The design is 2.4mm×0.8mm×1.4mm and can be fabricated with MMES technology. The design can measure in the HV and UHV range up to 10-9 torr vacuum. In this paper, various types of cathode creation methods are considered, and the preferred type is chosen as the proposed scheme. The cathode design is in a way that the temperature is uniform throughout it and remains almost constant with the vacuum pressure change. Simulation of CPT of COMSOL was performed to simulate the ionization process, and the sensitivity coefficient was obtained by simulation method. The simulation results in this design show the sensitivity factor of 0.6.


At present, the fibers improve the performance that asphalt mixture resistance to water damage is still lack systematical awareness. For the different asphalt types, different fiber types, different fiber content of the asphalt mixture, the Marshall residual stability test and freeze-thaw splitting test are carried out, residual stability MS0 and the split strength ratio TSR are choosed as the measure indicators, the results show that: the addition of fibers and the use of modified asphalt can improve asphalt road performance obviously, modified asphalt is the better choice of improving the performance for mixture resistance to low-temperature water damage, the fiber types sorting for improving effects, whch is asphalt mixture's performance for resistance to water damage, are obtained, and the optimal content scope of different fiber types are obtained too, research achievement can provide scientific guidance and reference for design and construction of fiber asphalt mixture.


Low dimensional materials allow for a drastic reduction in thermal conductivity due to enhanced phonon-boundary scattering, such that high ZT values are achieved. This was also experimentally demonstrated for traditionally poor thermoelectric materials such as silicon [1,2]. The structure of phonon modes in low dimensional channels and their influence on thermal conductivity, however, is still not well understood. Theoretical investigations on this topic require the consideration of atomistic phonon dispersions (beyond the traditionally employed bulk dispersions). These can provide insight into the nature of low-dimensional thermal transport and guidance for improved thermoelectric efficiency.


This paper examines conditions that impede inner-city gentrification. Several factors emerge from review of a scattered literature, including the role of public policy, neighbourhood political mobilisation and various combinations of population and land use characteristics that are normally unattractive to gentrifiers. In a first phase of analysis, some of these expectations are tested with census tract attributes against the map of gentrification in the City of Vancouver from 1971 to 2001. More detailed qualitative field work in the Downtown Eastside and Grandview-Woodland, two inner-city neighbourhoods with unexpectedly low indicators of gentrification, provides a fuller interpretation and reveals the intersection of local poverty cultures, industrial land use, neighbourhood political mobilisation and public policy, especially the policy of social housing provision, in blocking or stalling gentrification.


Identifying what are the factors that influence implementation success of
new software technology among the users is vital since the success and failure of
any new systems to operate in a new environment depends largely on the acceptance
of the users of the system. Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia has launched
the new audit software for auditing the local government financial report, called
Examination Application System of Local Government's Financial Statement
(SiAP LKPD). This research aims to analyze the factors that can affect auditor in
using of SiAP LKPD and its implication on the auditor�s performance. Case study
was conducted at Supreme Audit Board representative office on West Java
province.
The research model used in this research is integrated evaluation model.
This model integrates three very well-known theories of information systems,
which are DeLone and McLean model, UTAUT model, and HOT Fit. According to
integrated evaluation model, technology acceptance has three dimensions:
characteristics of the individual, characteristics of the technology, and
characteristics of organisational context. Method used in this research is based on
quantitative study with data processing techniques using second order confirmatory
factor analysis in partial least square (PLS).
The result of this research showed that characteristics of the individual with
gender as moderating variable, characteristics of the technology, and characteristics
of organisational context have influence on behavioral intention to use SiAP LKPD.
In the other hand, this study established that age insignificantly moderate the impact
of human factor on intention to use SiAP LKPD. Other results indicate that intention
to use SiAP LKPD significantly affect user satisfaction and net benefit.
Additionally, user satisfaction also affect net benefit. Furthermore, there is
incorporation of fit between human, organisational, and technology factors.


In the present study, the I-V characteristic of Au/n-InP Schottky barrier diode (SBD) was simulated in the temperature range 200–300 K using the numerical simulator Atlas-Silvaco. By taking in to account the appropriate physical models and the presence of deep traps in the quasi-neutral region, the simulation was performed in goal to understand the effect of traps on the series resistance and the I-V curves intersection point. The obtained results clarified that the series resistance is related to the traps depth in the quasi-neutral region. In addition, the results prove that the I-V curves intersection point shift toward higher bias with increasing the series resistance value. Also the I-V curves crossing point found to be temperature dependent when the series resistance is not zero.