Nowadays, periodic transmission of accurate and reliable measurements is central to safe, efficient and economic operation of Nuclear Power Plants and large scale industries for specific application. Various sensors are being used for measuring the temperature, pressure etc. These sensor values must be in real time and accurate in order to avoid faults. Hence, RTOS is used which can read data in parallel and in real time with high speed on multiple different sensor date rate. The measured values are sent using Zigbee to the monitoring station and then sent via WAN to the Internet if needed. Then the measured values are compared with the threshold value. In case of mismatch the workers will be informed to take corrective measures. This is a new approach using RTOS in order to avoid serious disasters in nuclear power plants and large scale industries. Keywords— Real Time Operating System (RTOS), Wide Area Network (WAN), Liquid Crystal Display(LCD), Peripheral Interface Controller(PIC).


Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are very influential on the Indonesian economy. This has been proven during the economic crisis that hit Indonesia in the period 1997 - 1998 which was the bankruptcy of large scale companies that differed from Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises which remained and grew without economic assistance. In this study, using national data 2000 - 2017 at BPS Indonesia and the Indonesia Ministry of Cooperatives SMEs. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. The results showed that the number of MSMEs had a positive and significant effect on the contribution of MSME GDP, the number of MSME Workers did not affect the contribution of MSME GDP, the number of MSMEs had a negative effect on poverty levels, the number of MSME workers had a negative effect on poverty levels and the contribution of MSME GDP had a negative effect on the level of poverty in Indonesia. Path analysis shows the effect of the number of MSMEs on poverty levels with GDP as intervening contributes to a greater negative effect than the effect of Labor on poverty levels with GDP as intervening.


We have studied the effects of the uniaxial compacting pressure on the physical properties of polycrystalline Bi1.65Pb0.35Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d (Bi-2223) superconductors. Powders of this material were pressed at different uniaxial compacting pressures ranging from ~ 90 to ~ 600 MPa and heat-treated at the same temperature. A characterization of samples by using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffractometry indicated an appreciable improvement of the degree of texture with increasing pressure. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity r(T) exhibits a T-linear behavior at temperatures higher than T* ~ 235 K. The deviation of r(T) from the linear behavior below T* indicates the opening of the pseudogap, a feature confirmed by magnetic susceptibility measurements performed in powder samples. From linear fittings of the normal-state electrical resistivity we were able to separate contributions to r(T) arising from both the grain misalignment and microstructural defects. The results suggest that the grain orientation and the connectivity between them are improved with increasing compacting pressure. Also, based on the linearity of the electrical resistivity data both the transport electron-phonon coupling constant, ltr, and the mean free path, l, were estimated. We have found that in the sample with the highest degree of textureltr ~ 0.53, a value comparable with the one obtained in Bi-2223 single crystals. However, the result for l ~ 12.7 A at 300 K, in the same ceramic sample, is close to 3 times lower than the single crystal value. The influence of the intergranular electrical resistivity in determining band-theory parameters was analyzed within the framework of a current conduction model for granular superconducting materials.


On the basis of the study intended to research by crosssectional study keeps pace with semilongitudinal study the growthaccelerating phenomena that Maximum Growth age in teenager's body-height. By the random sampling method, the subject of study are 12659 persons(male; 6355, female; 6304) that they are from 7 ages to 17 ages in the whole country including the rural community. The measurement period passed three month days, the statistical data became electronic data processing system with computer. The other side, body-height and MGA of Koreans who had been for during the period from 1925 to 1966 proved transition of the growth-accelerating phenomena by research data reported between 1913 and 1983. The results are as follows; 1. The Growth and Development-Value of Body-height An age bracket the growth and development-value of body-height were, respectively, male is and female is for 7 ages group. these indices increased with age. the top-value reach, respectively. and . The intersecting ages of male and female were the age , during these periods, female excelled male but after these periods, male excelled female again. In case of body-height, MGA's are 7.0cm for male between 12 and 13 ages, and 7.01cm for female between 8 and 9 ages. As a rule, body-height of male excelled female but intersection phenomena of male and female appeared between 8.5 and 12.5 ages. By reginal groups, it is most prevailing is Seoul, and medium size cities and rural community rome in order. By regional groups, intersection phenomena of male and female are. a region of Seoul; ages a region of Daejeon; ages rural community; ages the whole country's average; ages By regional groups, the rate of maximum increase in a year are a region of Seoul; male is 7.23cm as 13 ages female is 7.65cm as 9 ages. a region of Daejeon; male is 7.85cm as 11 ages. female is 8.39cm as 9 ages. rural community; male is 7.65cm as 14 ages. female is 6.25cm as 12 ages. the whole country's average; male is 7.0cm as 13 ages. female is 7.01 as 9 ages. 2. Maximum Growth Age (M.G.A.) By reginal groups, maximum Growth Age's are as below in a region of Seoul, MGA's are 12.63 for male and 9.01 for female, which shows that MGA for female appears about 3.5 years earlier than that for male. In a region of Daejeon, MGA's are 9.20 for male and 8.93 for female, which. show that they are all much the same in M.G.A. In rural community, MGA's are 14.00 for male and 11.89 for female, which shows that MGA for female apperars about 2 years earlier than that for male. In the whole average, MGA's are 13.01 for male and 8.97 for femal, which shows that for female appears about 4 years earlier than that for male. For boy, M.G.A. shows fastest-growing in Daejeon, and Seoul and rural commonly come in order. For girl, It shows equal growth in Seoul and Daejeon, rural community comes later. 3. The M.G.A's in body height of male are respectively the age 15.02 in 1913, 14.23 in 1956, 13.86 in 1967, 13.62 in 1975, and 12.82 in 1981, while those of female are the age 12.0 in 1940, 11.52 in 1965, 9.53 in 1975, and 11.16 in 1980; these data show that the MGA of the Koreans has been getting younger. 4. The equation of linear regression of all the MGA's in body height are as follow; Male: Y(M.G.A)= (the year)+15.19: female:Y(MGA)=(the year)+13.2549. 5. The corelation of all the MGA's in body height are as below; male; r=-0.329 female;r=-0.252 6. From the transition of the growth-accelating phenomena in 1980 we can capture the fact that the MGA's has been getting younger by 0.2 year per 10 years. 7. The MGA's in bodyheight are shown in table 4... 8. The future growth-accelating phenomena in body height are expected to show the similar tendency like that of the past, in 1910's but it should by more precisely reviewed after investigating the phenomena of the years directly ahead.


This paper has focused on reviewing passive bionic grasper and designing a virtual prototype using a computer modelling technique. The main aim of this study is to review existing research and compare their functionalities. This has been followed by introducing a concept design with suitable components. To start the project, generating a clear overview form the most updated and relative knowledge and information on existing designs was the intention of the study. The concept design part of this study uses an iterative process (similar to the Double Diamond Model introduced by Frances et al (2019)) including Discover, Define, Develop and Deliver to complete the design components. Following the concept design process, the detailed theoretical considerations and the features of components selection were then defined. In Develop Phase, the goal was to decide the final design and generate the computer model using SolidWorks. The fourth phase of process was Delivery leading the design evaluation and validation of the generated model or virtual prototype. By completing the process, it is possible to determine the feasibility of the design and the need for improvement. In final stage of the design, a finite element approach using SolidWorks Simulation was performed on the concept. Final design was decided after comparing the concepts in terms of several considerations. A series of simulations were performed on the design to evaluate the durability of the design and extend its functionality. The results showed that the supporting pad was robust enough when dropped down from 1.5 meters height, while the hinge which connecting the finger straps would need further improvement to avoid failure during its practical loading.


The SiO2 content of the mafic dikes from Gan-Hang tectonic belt ranges from 46.88% to 53.69%.The dolerites from middle and west of Gan-Hang(Jiangxi-Zhejiang) tectonic belt belong to sub-alkaline and alkaline series,respectively.The trace elements of the mafic dikes are characterized by enrichment in LREE and LILE(Ba,Rb and K) and depletion in HREE and HFSE(Ta,Nb,Zr,Hf and Ti).The REE of the mafic dikes decreases gradually from Guangfeng to Yujiang and Dongxiang,and then to Yongfeng and Xiajiang.The mafic dikes from Yongfeng have obviously Eu anomalies.The Sr and Nd isotopic composition of mafic dikes are of a wide range,(87Sr/86Sr)i varying from 0.704 635 to 0.708 769,(143Nd/144Nd)i from 0.512 173 to 0.512 758,and eNd(t) from-6.8 to +5.6,revealing that the mafic dikes were derived from partial melting of different magma sources.The mafic dikes from Yujiang,Dongxiang and Xiajiang were derived from depleted mantle,while the mafic dikes from Guangfeng and Yongfeng were produced by partial melting of EMⅡ-type enriched mantle due to mantle metasomatism.In addition,there occurred fractional crystallization of olivine,clinopyroxenes,plagioclase and Ti-Fe oxide during the magma ascent.The mafic dikes were related with the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific,different tectonic locations may account fro their different petrologic characteristics.


In this paper a feature-preserving volume filtering method is presented. The basic idea is to minimize a three-component global error function penalizing the density and gradient errors and the curvature of the unknown filtered function. The optimization problem leads to a large linear equation system defined by a sparse coefficient matrix. We will show that such an equation system can be efficiently solved in frequency domain using fast Fourier transformation (FFT). For the sake of clarity, first we illustrate our method on a 2D example which is a dedithering problem. Afterwards the 3D extension is discussed in detail since we propose our method mainly for volume filtering. We will show that the 3D version can be efficiently used for elimination of the typical staircase artifacts of direct volume rendering without losing fine details. Unlike local filtering techniques, our novel approach ensures a⋅global smoothing effect. Previous global 3D methods are restricted to binary volumes or segmented iso-surfaces and they are based on area minimization of one single reconstructed surface. In contrast, our method is a general volume-filtering technique, implicitly smoothing all the iso-surfaces at the same time. Although the strength of the presented algorithm is demonstrated on a specific 2D and a specific 3D application, it is considered as a general mathematical tool for processing images and volumes.


The Military Training Department of the General Staff formulated ' the Basic Requirements of the Funda-mental Military Subject Teaching of the Military Academies' (abbreviated as "the Basic requirements" ) based on"the Syllabus of the Military Training and the Evaluation". The Basic Requirements puts fonvard many new ideas, new contents, new methods and new means to the cadets physical training in the military academies. According to the military physical teaching characteristics in the military academies, the paper discusses the controlling of education quality, training Standard, training process and training means and methods.


A case of tuberculous infection of the C2 vertebral body with retropharyngeal abscess is described. To avoid the fistula formation into pharynx, the abscess was drained through the anterolateral approach at first, then, debridement of necrotic bone and curettage of the lesion was performed by a transoral approach. Although simultaneous debridement and bone grafting are usually made in such cases, we did not resort to bone grafting because we expected the effect of antituberculous chemotherapy and reliable drainage. But the result was satisfactory.


Mullerian Agenesis is a congenital malformation of female genital tract; it is either absence of vagina or absence of uterus or combination of both. It is a rare condition that occurs in females. There are different treatment modalities such as surgical, non-surgical method. Non-surgical method is providing a prosthetic vaginal dilator, where the prosthodontist play an important role. This article discuss about the steps followed in fabrication of a hollow prosthetic vaginal dilator.


Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to establish the role played by the Insurance Regulatory Authority of Kenya in the governance of insurance industry in Kenya. Methodology: The study utilized a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised of all the 47 insurance companies in Kenya that are regulated by IRA. This study used stratified random sampling technique.The target population was stratified into the 2 strata (life insurance companies and non-life insurance companies). Further, random sampling was used to select 47 managers in the 47 insurance companies who reports to the CEO. The study used primary data which was largely quantitative and descriptive in nature. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect data. The 47 questionnaires were self-administered with the help of two research assistants. The questionnaires was administered through drop and pick method. A pilot study was undertaken on 10% of the sample population. The statistics generated included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: Result findings indicated that awareness creation role played by IRA and governance of the insurance industry have a positively and significant association, supervisory role played by IRA and governance of the insurance industry have a positively and significant association, capacity building/training role played by IRA were positively but insignificantly associated to governance of the insurance industry. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study will provide useful information with regard to the role played by the Insurance Regulatory Authority of Kenya in the governance of insurance industry. The groups which will benefit include; Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA) Management, Government of Kenya, general Public and other Stakeholders of Insurance Regulatory Authority and other researchers.


The mechanical properties of polymer effected by moisture factor was researched by experiment. A series of experiments on Nylon6 for different moisture content was made. The moisturetime superposition Principle of polymer material was proved by experiments. It shows that there is a kind of equivalence between time span and increasing the moisture content for material properties. The generalized curves for Nylon6 with several moisture content and the approximate equation of shift factor were discussed in this paper.


Interactions of calcium ions with insoluble (lignin and cellulose) and soluble (pectin) fiber constituents were systematically investigated in vitro as a function of several physicochemical variables: initial concentration of calcium in solution, pH, and the amount of fiber constituent. The investigation was carried out under experimental conditions which may be achieved in physiological circumstances. Lignin exhibited a high affinity for calcium ions in solution


Background: Until date, the importance of maternal health care services in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity has received a significant recognition. Most of the maternal deaths can be prevented if women have access to basic antenatal, natal and postnatal care. However, uptake of maternal health care services is far from universal even in settings where they are extensively available. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the pattern and identify underlying factors on maternal health care utilization in rural areas of Bareilly. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted during June-December 2011. Six villages were selected by convenience out of 99 villages in Bhojipura Block of Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh to cover maximum number of women. All currently married women aged between 15 and 49 years who had delivered a child within last 1 year were interviewed by house-to-house survey and comprised the study unit. Their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, reproductive history and knowledge of specific obstetric complications were taken. The information was gathered on various aspects of maternal-care utilization. In analyzing data, both bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed, using the Microsoft Excel and SPSS for Windows, Version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois,USA). Results: Most (88.6%; 343/387) of pregnancies had registration for antenatal care (ANC). Majority (69.7%; 239/343) of them were registered between 16 and 24 weeks. Only 28.5% (110/343) of women received ANC from a private doctor. Maternal health care service utilization from health personnel was significantly associated with age at marriage ≥18 years, family size ≤3, birth order ≤2, nuclear family and higher socio-economic status. Most of the pregnancy related complications were found among women aged >30 years, with birth order ≥3, having birth interval <24 months, among Muslims, working mothers and among those belonging to joint family. Mother′s education and husband′s occupation were found to be strong predictors for the utilization of maternal health care using the logistic regression. Conclusion: Utilization of maternal health care services is high. However this can be improved by community based education program.


Every day we read in the scientific and popular press about advances in AI and how AI is changing our lives. Things are moving at a fast pace, with no obvious end in sight.


The minimum wage is increasingly viewed as an important tool for improving public health outcomes, including reducing childbearing among teenagers. Taken at face value, recently reported estimates suggest that raising the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour could reduce the number of teenage births by 35,000 per year. Using an event study framework that accounts for dynamic and heterogeneous treatment effects, we find little evidence that minimum wages are causally related to teenage childbearing. Moreover, the estimated effects of minimum wages on teenage sexual behaviors, including contraception use, abstinence, and number of partners are consistently small and statistically insignificant.


Dysploidy and polyploidy are well documented in the large genus Centaurea , especially in sect. Acrocentron and in a small group of species from the Iberian Peninsula described as sect. Chamaecyanus , closely related to Acrocentron . We have explored two interesting cases of polyploid series in both sections: the polyploid series of Centaurea toletana in sect. Chamaecyanus and the series of C. ornata group in sect. Acrocentron . We have carried out a karyological study using both classic karyotype analyses and chromosome banding with fluorochromes. The C. toletana complex exhibits three different ploidy levels, diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid, the latter usually considered a different species, C. argecillensis . Our results do not contradict the original hypothesis of tetraploid C. toletana being an autopolyploid, but they suggest that this case of autopolyploidy, as many others, is the result of multiple events of polyploidization. Regarding C. argecillensis, our results confirm that it is an allopolyploid originated by hybridization of C. toletana and an unknown species. The colonizing habit of C. argecillensis , as it was the case of tetraploid C. toletana , suggests that the allopolyploid has multiple origins. The C. ornata complex exhibits four ploidy levels, diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid and endecaploid. In this section, however, the banding patterns have not helped us to determine the relation between the polyploid series and neither have allowed us to confirm the hypothesis of the possible progenitors of C. kunkelii .


Demographers find that the fastest population growth is in nonmetropolitan countries, where manufacturing, highway, housing, and shopping pressures are changing the rural economy and stability. At the same time, the need for food, wood, water, and recreation is increasing. Conservations and policymakers need to understand the changing rural land market because development decisions can be irreversible. Government data and studies in six different rural areas are used to identify three national trends: a rise in rural land prices, a broadening of land-purchase motives, and increases in the size of farm units. The higher value placed on rural land makes farming less attractive, but the land market differs from other commodities because it varies by type as well as region. Major issues seen in the six counties include land use, ownership and the structure of ownership, and the socio-economic impacts of changing ownership. 25 references, 4 figures, 1 table. (DCK)


This study examined the research trends in secondary school Home Economics(HE) practice by curriculum, research subject, research topic and research method, focusing on theses and journal articles published in the period from the 5th national curriculum to the 2015 revised national curriculum. The results can be summarized as follows. First, by curriculum, the largest number of studies were published during the period of the 7th national curriculum when the compulsory instruction time of the practice in HE was reduced. Second, by research subject, during the 7th national curriculum period, the studies for relatively more diverse research subjects were conducted. However, before the 7th curriculum period, the research subjects were restricted to HE teachers and students, whereas after this period, only students and HE curriculum were dealt with as a research subject. Third, by research topic, before the 7th curriculum period, researchers used to concentrate on the conditions of HE practice classes, while after the 7th curriculum period, the studies on the development of HE practice education program were mainly presented. Lastly, by research method, before the 7th curriculum period, majority of studies were based on survey, whereas after the 7th curriculum period, programs and educational materials development was the most common approach. Based on the outcomes, this study conducted an in-depth interview with 6 HE education experts. The interviewees opined that defining the value and meaning of HE practice is of the utmost importance. The interview results also indicated that it is necessary to develop the instructional models, areas-integrated models and assessment criteria for HE practice. Last but not least, scholars in the HE field are required to research various teaching tools and strategies regarding HE practice.


The electrophoretic mobility of a planar particle covered by a charge-regulated membrane in a mixed (a:b) + (c:b) electrolyte solution, taking the effect of the sizes of charged species into account, is analyzed theoretically. The influences of the key parameters, which include the frictional coefficient of the membrane layer, pH, membrane thickness, ionic strength, valence of counterions, fixed charge density, fraction of multivalent counterions, dissociation equilibrium constant of the functional groups, and sizes of cations and anions, are discussed. We demonstrate the importance of the ionic steric effects by showing a substantial difference between the classic point-charge model and the present model.


ABSTRACT We consider an inverse source problem for an inhomogeneous wave equation with discrete-in-time sources, modeling a seismic rupture. The inverse source problem, with an arbitrary source term on the right-hand side of the wave equation, is not uniquely solvable. Here we formulate conditions on the source term that allow us to show uniqueness and that provide a reasonable model for the application of interest. We assume that the source term is supported on a finite set of times and that the support in space moves with subsonic velocity. Moreover, we assume that the spatial part of the source is singular on a hypersurface, an application being a seismic rupture along a fault plane. Given data collected over time on a detection surface that encloses the spatial projection of the support of the source, we show how to recover the times and locations of sources microlocally and then reconstruct the smooth part of the source assuming that it is the same at each source location.


X-ray basal reflections of several HDTMA-vermiculites show that when these contain co-adsorbed molecules of HDTMA-Br, their interlayer spacings are ∼29.5 Å. After HDTMA-Br has been leached out with ethanol, spacings decrease to ∼26 Å, but when exposed to toluene vapor the spacings increase to ∼36 Å, and to ∼45 Å in toluene liquid. Transmission X-ray diffraction photographs of HDTMA-vermiculites, both with and without co-adsorbed HDTMA-Br, indicate that they have highly ordered interlayer structures. The structure of HDTMA-Br-free vermiculite flakes is more open with the interlayer cations arranged in a 3a × b superstructure. In the HDTMA-Br containing HDTMA vermiculite flakes, HDTMA-Br molecules occupy interstitial positions between the HDTMA cations. Swelling in toluene vapor does not disorder the 2-dimensional arrangement of interlayer cations, but disorder does occur in toluene liquid. In toluene vapor, the aliphatic chains of the cations remain partially interdigitated, but in toluene liquid the interdigitation disappears. In response to the layer-charge density, the organization of the interlayer HDTMA units is caused by the self-assembly process responsible for hydrocarbon close packing.


The pivotal role of kinases in signal transduction and cellular regulation has lent them considerable appeal as therapeutic targets across a broad spectrum of cancers. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was the first receptor tyrosine kinase to be discovered and remains the most investigated. Most of the mechanistic principles of receptor tyrosine kinases were first established with the EGFR family as a model. EGFR is a single pass transmembrane receptor with two extracellular, cysteine-rich regions involved in ligand binding, and intervening region important for receptor dimerization, an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, and a number of intracellular sites for autophosphorylation, phosphorylation by other kinases, and docking of signaling components. Three additional EGFR family members have been identified, human epidermal growth factor receptor (erbB or HER) 2, 3 and 4. In many cell types, including those of epithelial and mesenchymal lineages, receptors of the HER family transduce signals from the cell surface to the intracellular domain, regulating normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair and functional differentiation. A range of growth factors serves as ligands for these receptors, although none have been identified for the HER2 receptor. Ligands for HER1/EGFR include epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), and heregulins serve as ligands for both HER3 and HER4. Binding of a ligand to a HER family member leads to receptor homodimerization, or heterodimerization with another HER receptor, bringing about receptor phosphorylation. Ligand binding to HER1, HER3 or HER4 induces rapid receptor dimerization, with a marked preference for HER2 as a partner(Graus-Porta et al., 1997). Moreover, HER2-containing heterodimers generate intracellular signals that are significantly more potent than signals emanating from other HER combinations. Of the receptor dimers, HER3 homodimers cannot initiate signal transduction.The differing signaling characteristics of the HER family members are thought to be due to their different ligand-binding affinities and the type of phosphorylated homoor heterodimer formed, and the resulting intracellular signaling events. Two of the key pathways involved in this cascade are the ras-raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which affects DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway, which plays a role in cell metabolism and survival (Yarden and Sliwkowski, 2001; Bange et al., 2001).


The formerly Oriental genus Griphophanes Grootaert & Meuffels, 1998 and mainly Oriental genus Nepalomyia Hollis, 1964, are recorded from the Afrotropical Region for the first time. Descriptions of four new species: Griphophanes congoensis sp. nov. and G. garambaensis sp. nov. from DR Congo, Nepalomyia kotrbae sp. nov. and N. reunionensis sp. nov. from Reunion are provided. A key to genera of Peloropeodinae and a key to species of Griphophanes are compiled.


Human and animal waste, including waste products originating from human or animal digestive systems, such as urine, feces, and animal manure, have constituted a nuisance to the environment. Inappropriate disposal and poor sanitation of human and animal waste often cause negative impacts on human health through contamination of the terrestrial environment, soil, and water bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to convert these wastes into useful resources to mitigate their adverse environmental effect. The present study provides an overview and research progress of different thermochemical and biological conversion pathways for the transformation of human- and animal-derived waste into valuable resources. The physicochemical properties of human and animal waste are meticulously discussed, as well as nutrient recovery strategies. In addition, a bibliometric analysis is provided to identify the trends in research and knowledge gaps. The results reveal that the USA, China, and England are the dominant countries in the research areas related to resource recovery from human or animal waste. In addition, researchers from the University of Illinois, the University of California Davis, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Zhejiang University are front runners in research related to these areas. Future research could be extended to the development of technologies for on-site recovery of resources, exploring integrated resource recovery pathways, and exploring different safe waste processing methods.


Generally, research on the tsunami wave propagation model can be conducted by using a linear model of shallow water theory, where a non-linear side on high order is ignored. In line with research on the investigation of the tsunami waves, the Boussinesq equation model underwent a change aimed to obtain an improved quality of the dispersion relation and non-linearity by increasing the order to be higher. To solve non-linear sides at high order is used a asymptotic expansion method. This method can be used to solve non linear partial differential equations. In the present work, we found that this method needs much computational time and memory with the increase of the number of elements.


There is general agreement that social worker turnover is not desirable. Yet social work administrators who want to institute changes which might reduce the rate of turnover have little accurate information about the causes of worker mobility -and without such information, any change activity must be based on a trial-and-error approach. In this study general propositions and hypotheses about social work turnover have been deduced from what is known about worker mobility generally and have been assessed in the light of the available literature on social worker mobility. The effectiveness of social work services depends in no small measure on the quality and quantity of social workers available to man these services. And both quality and quantity are affected negatively by staff turnover, that is, by employed social workers leaving their job for another job, within or outside of social work. Social work administrators and manpower experts agree that high turnover rates are undesirable. But there is little concensus on the causes of turnover. The literature on turnover, especially among blue-collar and clerical employees, is extensive, but little attention has been paid to turnover among social workers. Price (38), in the most recent book on turnover, lists over 400 items in his bibliography; of these only four have reference to social workers. This study set out to explore what is known about the causes of social work turnover. We attempted to cover the total research literature, but for technical reasons concentrated on studies from the United States, United Kingdom and Israel. *


A review with 9 refs. An increase alkoxy chain length of cinchocaine (I) [61-12-1] homologs by -CH2 groups up to the butoxy deriv., was assocd. with an increased neg. free energy of reaction (-Delta F0), lipid soly., protein binding, and an increased surface anesthetic activity. With the amyloxy and hexyloxy homologs of I, the lipid soly. and anesthetic activity decreased.


We present a new statistical randomness test based on Walsh-Hadamard transform. This test is a extension of frequency and autocorrelation tests and can detect a general class of defects which can appear in (pseudo)random generators. The test is based on the probability distribution of the Walsh-Hadamard transform. NIST Special Publication 800-22 [10] present two methods of integrating the results of one or more tests based on proportion of passing tests and uniformity of the corresponding P values. This paper will introduce another two methods of integration of test results based on maximum test statistics and sum of squares test statistics. The integration of test results are independent from the proposed test and may be used by all the statistical tests based on confidence intervals. Some of the applications of the Walsh-Hadamard statistical test and decision procedures are in the following areas: (pseudo)randomness testing, cryptanalytic area and steganographic detection. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 94A60.


This paper designed and realized a Chinese automatic word-cut system in Web text mining.It begins to introduce a method of how to change Html form text into Txt form text in detail.Then,it analyzes the use of MM method to realize the Chinese automatic word-cut in Web text.Finally,this paper examines the method of the most match with back to a word to dispel word ambiguity.


The article proposes to analyze the behavior of
ant colonies, namely the search for the shortest route by means
of the allocation of pheromones and the function of crossing
the two solutions of the genetic algorithm, to develop a method
and algorithm for the following operations: search of the
optimal route, calculation of resource costs, search of the
distance, route time, routes.


Modeling brings a great deal of inconvenience to the design and match research of vehicle power train system for its complication and long period by conventional way.Modeling and simulating with professional CRUISE software can increase efficiency obviously.The paper introduces the functions and characteristics of CRUISE.A specified 1.3L manual transmission FF is simulated by means of CRUISE software.The paper depicts the basic method and process of modeling for light-duty passager car,which include simulation modeling of the complete light-duty passager car,operation condition model and simulating task of the power performance and fuel consumption.The conclusions indicate the power performance and fuel consumption.All the simulation results are amalyzed and also verfy the feasibility of analyzing performance of automobile using CRUISE software;the chassis performance experiment of light-duty passager car is accomplished;the veracity of the system model founded by CRUISE software is validated and may be used as reference for automobile development.


This paper analyzes the extremely low frequency electromagnetic wave excited by a horizontal electric dipole immersed in the sea. Analytical solutions in the air from HED underwater are deduced using a three-layer model. The effect of the sea-air interface is studied along two perpendicular directions. The electric field is inversely proportional to the square of r while the magnetic field is inversely proportional to the cube of r along the interface. By decomposing the total response into direct, up-going and down-going components, contributions of each component are discussed, indicating that interference cancellation effect occurs among the arrival electromagnetic signals from multi-paths at specific offsets and frequencies.


In this work we theoretically show that in a double‐slit experiment it is possible the simultaneous detection of properties incompatible with which‐slit property and with each other, together with the measurement of the position of the final impact point. General conditions for the existence of solutions are singled out and families of solutions are provided.


A commentary on
No unique effect of intergroup competition on cooperation: non-competitive thresholds are as effective as competitions between groups for increasing human cooperative behavior

by Jordan, M. R., Jordan, J. J., and Rand, D. G. (2017). Evol. Hum. Behav. 38, 102–108. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.07.005


[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effect of RADIX POLYGONI MULTIFLORI extractives on the multiplication of osteoblasts in harnpan of newborn rats cultured in vitro and the dose-effect relationship.[Methods] Different concentrations of extractives were put in osteoblasts system of harnpan of newborn rats,and MTT method was employed to detect the multiplication of osteoblasts after culturing with the extractives of ethyl acetate for 24,48 and 72 h,respectively.[Result] The extractives of ethyl acetate can promote the multiplication of osteoblasts with the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml.[Conclusion] The extractives of ethyl acetate can promote the multiplication of osteoblasts.


While the Lord stores up final judgment, He also appoints ministers in this world charged with upholding the good and vindicating the victimized." Posting about the purpose of the U. S. Criminal Justice System from In All Things an online hub committed to the claim that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has implications for the entire world. http://inallthings.org/criminal-justice-as-ministry/


Since 1970 the yearly consumption of fossil fuel in south Korea has steadily increased to 100 MT from 14.2 MT. Meanwhile, it has been found that the number of days of low visibility (< 10 km) has significantly increased due to the occurrence of fog, mist and haze. For example, the low visibility days in Seoul during 1989 were over 207 days in comparison with 21 days at a rural site, Choo-poong-ryong. This similar trend also occurred in other large cities. In Chongwon, daily measurements of visibility at 09 LST have been made since 1991. It was observed that the increase in the frequency of low visibility days was related with the increase in anthropogenic air pollution and water vapor in the study area. According to analyses of data obtained in 1995, the pH values for 73.5% of all samples collected from fog and mist were less than 5.6. The lowest pH value of fog was 4.0. On the other hand, pH values observed for dew and frost in early spring were generally neutral to alkaline in nature, although there was an abundant existence of sulfates and nitrates. This suggests that characteristics of yellow sand occurring in spring appear tomore » determine the pH values in hydrometeors occurring on the Korean peninsula.« less


Ghrelin is a newly discovered peptide and an endogenous ligand for growth hormone (GH) secretagogue (GHS) receptor. It has been shown to possess various central and peripheral effects, including GH secretion, food intake, and gastric and cardiac effects. Ghrelin and the GHS receptor are expressed also in pancreatic islets. We have identified several ghrelin-induced genes by PCR-select subtraction methods, among which is a β-cell autoantigen for type 1 diabetes, IA-2β. Administration of ghrelin increased IA-2β mRNA in mouse brain, pancreas, and insulinoma cell lines (MIN6 and βTC3). However, the expression of IA-2, another structurally related β-cell autoantigen, was not induced by ghrelin. Administration of ghrelin or overexpression of IA-2β, but not overexpression of IA-2, inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 insulinoma cells and, moreover, inhibition of IA-2β expression by the RNA interference technique ameliorated ghrelin's inhibitory effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These findings strongly suggest that inhibitory effects of ghrelin on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are at least partly due to increased expression of IA-2β induced by ghrelin. Our data demonstrate the link among ghrelin, IA-2β, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.


In this paper we study the family of cyclic codes such that its minimum distance reaches the maximum of its BCH bounds. We also show a way to construct cyclic codes with that property by means of computations of some divisors of a polynomial of the form $x^n-1$. We apply our results to the study of those BCH codes $C$, with designed distance $\delta$, that have minimum distance $d(C)=\delta$. Finally, we present some examples of new binary BCH codes satisfying that condition. To do this, we make use of two related tools: the discrete Fourier transform and the notion of apparent distance of a code, originally defined for multivariate abelian codes.


The upper stages are complex structures.The difference of stiffness and mass between different components of the upper stages is enormous.The upper stages always work under high overload in flight.The vibration mode localization and stress concentration maybe threaten the safety of the structures because of no-reasonable design.In this paper,the mechanical behavior is predicted on PATRAN/NASTRAN software system,and the improved design scheme is presented based on analysis of mode localization and stress concentration.Finally,the dynamic characteristics comparison of upper stages before and after improvement is shown.


Citrus fruit production is largely affected by different bacterial and fungal pathogens. In Pakistan bacterial diseases like citrus bacterial canker (CBC) pose severe risk to citrus economy. Diagnoses of such diseases could be helpful to avoid the epidemics in nurseries or orchids. In 2011-12, citrus canker symptoms i.e., callus-like outgrowths on leaves and fruits of grape fruit (Citrus paradisi), Washington naval (Citrus sinensis), Kaghzi Limon (Citrus aurantifolia swingle), lemon (Citrus Limon) and pomelo (Citrus maxima) were noticed in Sargodha district of Punjab, Pakistan. Bacteria i.e., yellow mucoid, Xanthomonas- like isolates, were isolated from these lesions. Bacteria isolated from these lesions were cultured and total DNA was isolated. A diagnostic fragment of 581 bp based on rpf genes of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri was amplified, cloned and completely sequenced. BLAST and evolutionary analysis revealed that these isolates show 100% sequence similarity and group with Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri from Argentina (CP023285) and Reunion (CP018858), (CP018854). To our knowledge, this is the first formal report of X. campestris pv. citri pathotypes A on Citrus paradise, Citrus sinensis, Citrus maxima, Citrus Limon and Citrus aurantifolia swingle in Pakistan


Dividends are considered useful in reducing agency conflicts.The board of directors is the topmost organ of an organisation and directors on board play a major role in addressing agency problems. They also ratify the decisions taken by management prior to execution of the decisions.Studies have reported that corporate governance characteristics influence dividend payout.However, little is
known about the influence of board structures that include board size, outside directors, and gender on the decision to pay dividends.This paper is aimed at exploring how board characteristics affect the decision to pay dividends.Using 267 firm-year observations (2013-2015) and random effect logit regression, the study finds board size, outside directors on board, as well as the number of female directors to have great influence on the decision to pay dividends.


In this paper, the local existence and blow-up for an initial boundary value problem of the Camassa–Holm equation are obtained.


Research shows the powerful impact that school leadership teams can have in improving the quality of teaching and learning. Effective leaders create cultures of high expectations, provide clarity about what teachers are to teach and students are to learn, establish strong professional learning communities, and lead ongoing school-wide efforts to improve teaching practices. The School Improvement Tool describes the practices of highly effective schools and school leaders. The SIT assists schools to review and reflect on their strategies to improve the quality of classroom teaching and learning. It supports school-wide conversations – including with families, school governing bodies, local communities, and students themselves – about aspects of current practice, areas for improvement, and evidence that progress is being made.


Optimum growth condition for digital-alloy InGaAlAs was investigated as a function of the InAlAs thickness (n) of (InGaAs)/sub m//(InAlAs)/sub n/ short-period superlattices (SPSs) in the range of 1-5 monolayers (MLs), where m/n was kept constant. For n=1-5 MLs, both higher (H) and lower (L) energy peaks are resolved. The H peak is from the excitonic transition, while the L is due to LO-phonon. It was found that n=2 MLs is most suitable for digital-alloy InGaAlAs. Digital-alloy InGaAlAs for 1.55 /spl mu/m. MQWs shows narrower linewidth at 10 K-PL (5.7 meV) than that of analog-alloy InGaAs/In(Ga)AlAs MQWs grown by other state-of-the-art growth method. Rapid thermal annealing effect of 1.3 /spl mu/m digital-alloy InGaAlAs MQW structure on optical and structural properties was investigated with 300 K-PL and transmission electron microscopy. 300 K-PL peak intensity rose drastically above the annealing temperature (T/sub RTA/) of 625/spl deg/C, which increased up to /spl sim/333 times larger than that of as-grown sample without any significant shift of the PL peak wavelength. This extraordinary increase of the PL peak intensity above T/sub RTA/=625/spl deg/C is attributed to the curing of nonradiative centers mainly in InAlAs grown at lower temperature than its congruent temperature, and partially at the heterointerfaces between InGaAs/InAlAs SPSs.


Praise for The DialAmerica' Teleservices Handbook "Rich and Bob have done an outstanding job of presenting the DialAmerica approach to successful telemarketing. We are very proud to have the DialAmerica name associated with this book and plan to recommend it to all of our employees, clients, and friends in the business." -- Arthur Conway, President DialAmerica Marketing, Inc. "At last, a complete guidebook to getting the most out of the powerful telephone medium. Doscher and Simms present detailed practical guidance on planning and execution, as well as a very valuable chapter on how telemarketing will change over the next decade. I recommend this book to marketers everywhere." -- Ruth P. Stevens, Adjunct Professor, Direct Marketing, NYU Chair, Business-to-Business Council, Direct Marketing Association ""The DialAmerica Teleservices Handbook" is your checklist to make sure everything is working at peak efficiency and to improve what you've got. . . . This is a book I will keep in my personal library and will refer to again and again. Thank you, Richard Simms and Bob Doscher, for creating it!" -- From the Foreword by Denny Hatch, former editor of "Target Marketing" and author of "2,239 Tested Secrets for Direct Marketing Success" Ready to increase sales, get closer to your customers, upsell and cross-sell with greater ease than ever before? "The DialAmerica Teleservices Handbook" walks you through the design and execution of a successful telemarketing campaign, from writing the script to fulfilling the order. You'll find the answers to questions such as: How do I make the campaign a positive experience for my customers? What if my house lists don't have phone numbers? Should I hire anagency and/or a consultant? What kind of technology do I need for telemarketing? How do I handle credit and collection? Can I incorporate market surveys into my efforts? How do I generate qualified leads? Learn the secrets of one of the nation's largest telephone marketing organizationsand make your telemarketing campaign a ringing success!


Review(s) of: The Coalminers of Queensland: A Narrative History of the Queensland Colliery Employees Union, Volume 2: The Pete Thomas Essays, by Pete Thomas, CFMEU Queensland District Branch, Spring Hill, 2007. Pp. v + 476. $39.95 Paper.


A Stockbroker is a regulated professional individual, usually associated with a brokerage firm who buys and sells stocks and other securities for both retail and institutional clients, through a stock exchange or over the counter, in return for a fee. There is a cumbersome storage required to store paper files, the possibility of making mistakes in the manual storing of stocks, the risk of losing this files due to one reason or the other are some of the many limitations of a stock broker without one. The main objective of this research is therefore, to develop a web based application for stock brokers that will assist in keeping proper record of their client portfolio and help in avoiding mismanagement of their assets and also to allow clients to keep track of their transactions.


watermarking is a new technique for digital multimedia copyright protection. The robustness and the imperceptibility are the main requirements of the watermark. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to model human visual system (HVS) and an image-adaptive method of watermarking strength decision method is presented for the watermarking on DCT coefficients. The experimental results show that such method can increase the watermarking strength and has good adaptability for automated watermark embedding.


This generation of students, born between 1980 and 1994, has grown up with technology from a very young age. They are hypothesized to possess sophisticated knowledge and skills in Information Communication Technologies (ICT) and are highly motivated to learn digitally. This implies a need to change the knowledge content and methods of delivery in universities to cater to their needs. However, many studies have revealed that the 'digital natives' use of technology is neither extensive nor diverse. No substantial studies have been undertaken in Malaysia to support or refute such claims. This study, undertaken at a Malaysian public university, used a questionnaire to investigate students' patterns and perceptions of ICT use for learning English. The findings revealed that even though students' reception towards use of technology was very positive, there was a lack in diversity and sophistication. It further proposed that cultural factor is an influencing factor. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/3L-2014-2001-14


This paper describes how computer-based machine interviewing and recording devices can be used as formative and summative assessment tools in schools, in the context of electronic portfolios. We describe demonstration prototype instructional and assessment systems that have been developed at the University of Hawaii, including the Automatie Interviewer and Past Recorder. Instructional applications and future directions are described.


Severe varus and flexion deformity of the proximal femur may be secondary to various etiologies but, regardless of the cause, the patient walks with a dramatic Trendelenburg limp. Surgical correction is challenging and requires a complete understanding of all components of the deformity. A utilitarian approach (SuperHip procedure) has been described by Dror Paley and addresses every element of this complex deformity and provides excellent correction in young children. This article illustrates the application of this technique in a case of congenital femoral deficiency.


The protonation of some poly(amido amine)s has been studied in aqueous solution by potentiometric, calorimetric, and 13C-NMR methods. Only "apparent" constants were usually found in polymeric acids and bases; on the other hand, "sharp" basicity constants could be determined for the poly(amido amine)s studied. The log K values determined from 13C-NMR shifts versus pH agree well with those determined by potentiometric titrations. Also, the protonation enthalpies do not depend on the dissociation degree of polymeric bases, and this is a further proof of the peculiarity of this class of polymers. The trends of ΔH's and the conformations of polymers in solution are analyzed on the basis of theoretical computations.


Of the five factors of the aging face, photoaging produces the most profound changes over time. Treatment has been instituted in the past with tretinoin as well as sunscreen agents. Glycolic acid has been introduced onto the market by the cosmetic industry. This paper reports the treatment of photoaging combining a pharmaceutical agent (tretinoin), glycolic acid home products (cosmetic agents) and the glycolic acid chemical peel (in-office procedure). This represents the first true Cosmeceutical skin care programme utilizing products that are known to be both safe and effective for the treatment of photoaging in the hands of dermatologists who can now take the central role in not only the treatment of skin disease but also the prevention and treatment of the most common disease of all, that is, aging.


Cascade refrigeration system is an ultra-low temperature multi-stage refrigeration systems operating at ideal low temperatures ranging from -30°c to -100°c.Cascade system is a frigid system that adopts dual refrigerants having diverse boiling points, that escape through the medium of their particular frigid cycle and are combined by a cascade heat exchanger. Cascade refrigeration systems are used for obtaining faster cooling in a much lower time than the normal vapour compression refrigeration system and are used in food processing units to preserve the food, and cold storages. Cascade systems are utilized as a part of sustenance preparing units to safeguard the nourishment, and icy stockpiles.


A 14-day-old female infant born at term was brought to the pediatrician because her right eye was slightly swollen and had a watery discharge. The mother stated that she had an unremarkable pregnancy and vaginal delivery. The records reflected that the infant was healthy at the time of the 48-hour discharge. The physician concluded that a tear duct obstruction was present and asked the parents to massage it. The pediatrician retained by the plaintiff explained that an evaluation of the eye with cultures should have been done. The plaintiff explained that in the past, infants with Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis presented at 2 to 5 days of age, but partial suppression by ocular prophylaxis has altered the onset to a later time. Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis typically appears 5 to 14 days after birth. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) conjunctivitis was also an important infection to consider because of potentially devastating consequences if not recognized, especially with the eye being a common portal of entry and site of viral replication. The pediatrician retained by the defense disagreed and stated that it was not standard of care to perform a culture on the discharge, given this infant's clinical findings .

Four days after the pediatrician visit, the mother brought her infant to the emergency department (ED) because of an elevated temperature of 100.5oF (38.1oC). The mother said that an aunt had a cold sore on her mouth when visiting the infant, but no other history of infection was noted at home and the mother again said that her pregnancy was unremarkable. In the ED, the infant's temperature was 101.5oF (38.6oC). Except for an elevated heart rate of 175 beats/min and periorbital swelling of an erythematous right eye that had a watery discharge, the infant's examination findings were normal. Two hours after arrival at the …


The Department of Physics of the University of Crete, ever since its creation 30 years ago, was a proponent of the evaluation of its educational and research activities. Since the last evaluation of our Department, which took place almost a decade ago as a result of our own initiative, we were very interested to respond to the call of QAA and become one of the first departments in the country, which were evaluated at the end of 2008, using the new legislation.


Filtering is a commonly applied physical method. Based on the size of the filtered particles, the types of filtering used are divided into four, namely microfiltation (100 nm-10 μm), ultrafiltration (2100 nm), nanofiltration (1-2 nm) and reverse osmosis-RO (0.1-1 nm).7 Among the four types of membranes, the nanofiltration membrane is the most efficient, because its structure can filter wastewater into usable water.8 The waste water for the batik industry in Malaysia contains a lot of Remazol and Vinyl Sulphone dyes. Filtering using a nanofiltration membrane made of aromatic polyamide with nonwoven and fibreglass wounded fibres support can filter water with Remazol Turquiose Blue dye more effectively than water with Remazol Yellow and Remazol Red dyes, which are characterized by the lowest color intensity after the filtering process.9 The use of fiberglass in membrane technology requires quite high production costs, encouraging the search for alternative materials with more economical production costs, for example the use of cellulose. One of the materials used in the process of filtering wastewater is a cellulose-based membrane. This paper is a mini review of cellulose-based membranes for filtering waste water from the batik industry, especially waste caused by synthetic dyes.


Background: Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma in infancy. It manifests within the first few years of life and is not associated with any other systemic or ocular abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate a protocol for diagnosis and treatment of primary congenital glaucoma at Tanta University Eye Hospital.
Methods: The study was prospective interventional on 60 eyes of 36 infants and children who presented between December 2018 to March 2021 at Tanta University Eye Hospital in Egypt. All patients were presented with primary congenital glaucoma and were managed according to specific diagnostic, therapeutic and follow up regimen. Pre- and Post-operative clinical data were recorded, and results were studied.
Results: The mean of age±SD (range) at first presentation was 11.33±21.76 (0.5-120) months and of follow-up period was 7.85±2.71 (4-13) months. The mean of pre-operative IOP, corneal diameter, C/D ratio and AxL was 24.1±5.9 (12–41.5) mmHg, 12.97±0.69 (11–14.5) mm, 0.57±0.18 (0.2–0.9) and 21.87±1.28 (19.1–26.8) mm respectively, and post-operatively was 14.4±3.09 (8.5–20.5) mmHg, 12.71±0.89 (11–14.5) mm, 0.48±0.22 (0.2–1) and 22.16±1.53 (19–25.9) mm respectively. Surgical interventions included 1ry surgeries (trabeculotomy in 21 eyes and CTT with MMC in 39 eyes), 2ry surgeries (CTT with MMC in four eyes) and 3ry surgery (Ahmed valve implantation in one eye). Complete success was achieved in 38 eyes (63.3%) and qualified success in 22 eyes (36.7%).
Conclusions: The current protocol applied at Tanta University Eye Hospital for diagnosis and treatment of primary congenital glaucoma proved efficacy and safety. Primary surgical intervention in the form of trabeculotomy (for mild cases) and combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with MMC (for moderate to advanced cases) is a successful regimen for management of these eyes.


This study empirically confirms that fertility rebound in high income countries depends not only upon the so-called inverse J-shaped relationship between fertility and income confirmed by previous studies but also upon another convex relationship between fertility and narrowing of the gender gap measured by the Global Gender Gap Index. This study also confirms that the convex relationship between fertility and narrowing of the gender gap is attributable to a reduction in the gender gap in the area of economic participation.


Abstract The results of a Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation of a three dimensional lattice model of an amphiphile and solvent mixture are presented. In the model each amphiphile molecule is represented as a connected chain of lattice sites with one site representing the head and the remaining chain sites representing the tail of the molecule. The remaining sites on the lattice represent solvent molecules. The amphiphiles interact through a nearest neighbour potential which includes head-solvent and tail-solvent interactions. No prior assumption is made about the structures which may be observed. The cluster size distribution and cluster structure is studied as a function of temperature and head-solvent interaction. If the tail-solvent interaction is solvophobic and the head-solvent interaction is solvophilic, a micellar region is observed in the phase diagram. For sufficiently solvophilic head-solvent interactions the low temperature phase exhibits self assembly into castellated bilayer structures.


Over the past decade or so social scientists and policy makers have grown increasingly interested in the role of the petite bourgeoisie in capitalist societies. The paper begins by sketching the major sociological approaches to the study of this stratum and the diverse characteristics of and propositions put forth about the fortunes of the petite bourgeoisie. The second section draws together evidence from several western societies in an attempt to appraise arguments about the alleged archaism, the long run decline, or the possible regeneration of the small business sector of western economies. The economic significance of the petite bourgeoisie is assessed with respect to information about the capacity of the stratum to provide employment, to generate new jobs, and to stimulate innovation. The small business sector also has considerable political significance. Though its role in the political life of particular societies shows considerable variation it is everywhere an important repository of ideas and s...


Dr. Sereni's book covers the development in Italy of international law, public and private, from its origin until the present time, giving historical data as far as necessary for the understanding of this development. The first part deals with the Renaissance period, during which many international practices were established. In fact, beginning with the twelfth century, the Italian city-states maintained diplomatic relations and concluded treaties con-


Objective To evaluate the value of intermittent myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) by intravenous injection of Levovist in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).Methods The myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function before and after operation in 25 patients with previous myocardial infarction, who were scheduled to undergo CABG, were studied by intermittent MCE after intravenous injection of Levovist.Results The numbers of segment with normal, reduced and no perfusion were 33, 57 and 13 respectively before surgery,and 55, 35 and 2 respectively at follow up. Contrast score index increased from 0.74±0.08 to 0.89 ± 0.06 (P 0.001 ). In the 92 revascularized segments, 59(64%) were improved. Wall motion score index was 1.50 ± 0.27 at baseline and decreased to 1.24 ± 0.20 after surgery(P 0.001 ). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 0.49 ± 0.05 to 0.55 ± 0.04 at follow up(P 0.001 ).The Changes of wall motion score index and left ventricular ejection fraction before and after surgery were related significantly to the number of viable dysfunctional segments (r= 0.96 and 0.82 ,P 0.001 ). Significant correlations were also present between postoperation wall motion score index or ejection fraction and preoperation contrast score index (r= -0.64 and 0.60 ,P 0.05 ). The sensitivity and specificity of MCE for predicting the recovery of segmental function after CABG were 98% and 36%.Conclusions MCE with intravenous injection of Levovist not only can be used for assessment of CABG, but also predict the recovery of left ventricular function.


Stateless Address Mapping (SAM) is a generic mechanism which permits,
in a number of new scenarios, to easily establish tunnels for packets
of some address family to traverse domains where this family is not
directly routed (softwires). It generalizes address mapping principles
of already deployed technologies such as 6to4, ISATAP, and 6rd, where
encapsulations of IP over IP are used for point-to- multipoint tunnels
(mesh softwires). Identified use cases of SAM include native IPv6
across IPv4 NATs, IPv6 multihoming with provider-aggregatable
prefixes, public IPv4 across IPv6-only domains and, to mitigate
consequences of the IPv4 address shortage, extended IPv4 prefixes for
statically shared IPv4 public addresses.


ABSTRACT Cranes system is widely used to transport heavy loads and hazardous materials in shipyards, factories, nuclear installations and high-building construction and plays an important role in the production process and serves to transfer loads from one place to another. Cranes are the best way of providing a heavy lifting facility covering virtually the whole area of the industry. The equations of motion of a rotary tower crane are highly non-linear, and rolling without slipping condition of the trolley on the jib plane can only be expressed by nonholonomic constraint equations. In this paper, a geometrical theory of general nonholonomic constrained systems on fibred manifolds and their jet prolongations, based on so-called Chetaev-type constraint forces, was applied to the above-mentioned mechanical problem. The dynamical model is preserved in simulations in its original non-linear form without any simplification. The results of numerical solutions of constrained equations of motion, derived within the theory, open the possibility of direct application of the theory to practical situations.


A device for dropping the fluid, is the method. Dropping device comprises one or more process chambers (8) into a single control chamber (4) inside, performs appropriate valving, or added control fluid to the control chamber, as removed by the, decrease or increase the capacity of the process chamber. As a result, as to drop the fluid, but is and out flow of fluid into the process chamber (8), in particular, to allow precise control of the flow rate.


Branching-time is a popular theory of time that is intended to account for the openness of the future. Generally, branching-time models the openness of the future by positing a multiplicity of concrete alternative futures mirroring all the possible ways the future could unfold. A distinction is drawn in the literature among branching-time theories: those that make use of moment-based structures and those that employ history-based ones. In this paper, I introduce and discuss a particular kind of openness relative to the possibility that time ends (Doomsday). I then show that whereas moment-based branching structures cannot represent this kind of openness, history-based structures can account for it. The conclusion is that historybased structures score a point over moment-based ones.


Taking the 8 serious drought years and 13 serious flood years in July of Qinzhou as examples to make a diagnosis analysis, from the point of weather climate, of 500hPa circumfluence situation in prophase winter (Dec. ~ Feb.), circumfluence characteristics indices, as well as winter firn on QinghaiZizang altiplano and marine temperature in North Pacific Ocean. The results shows that there has been big difference in formerwinter largesized circumfluence of the July drought and flood year, and it differs greatly between drought and flood years in polar eddy strength, altiplano height field, equator marine temperature in North Pacific Ocean, formerwinter West Pacific Ocean subhigh pressure area indices, and formerwinter firn on QinghaiZizang altiplano. All these are regarded as prophase strong signals and targets to describe can be determined.


Removal of lead from aqueous solution by live and dead biomass of different filamentous fungi, isolated from bio-contaminated diesel was studied. Bioaccumulation of lead by living fungal mycelia from 50 μg mL - 1 of lead solution (pH 5) was observed to be in the order of Aspergillus foetidus >Aspergillus terricola >Acremonium strictum >Cladosporium resinae >Phanerochaete chrysosporium >Aspergillus niger >Aureobasidium pullulans. Lead removal by non-living biomass of A. strictum, A. terricola and A. pullulans in batch mode was 84.7, 84 and 75.7% respectively. Removal of lead was more by dead fungal biomass than the living mycelia. Dried and pulverized fungal mycelia packed in a column removed up to 98% lead from a solution containing 25 μg lead mL - 1 at pH 5. Only A. foetidus showed lead adsorption after regeneration with 0.1 N HCl.


The line layout structure in a semiconductor memory device having the memory cell of the static type is disclosed. Such a line layout structure is, in the first metal wiring lines arranged in the first direction of the cell array region to form a first power line for supplying power to the memory cell, supplying a power to the first power line 2 to form the power lines of the first metal wire above the first metal wiring lines from those of the second metal wiring lines arranged in a second direction which is substantially perpendicular in their line, supplying power to the second power line for 3 to form a power line, the first to form a fourth power line for supplying power to the third metal wiring lines, and the third power lines disposed on the top of the second metal wiring line for 3 comprises a fourth metal wiring line disposed on the top of metal wiring lines. Thus, the present invention by providing a line layout structure in a semiconductor memory device having the arrangement of the more advanced power according as the placement of the metal wiring lines of the multi-layer structure, that occurs in the line layout structure having the metal layer of a conventional multilayer It has the effect of reducing the power noise or drop problem. Static memory (SRAM), word lines, bit lines, power lines, signal lines


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use a combination of numerical simulation and experiment to evaluate the performance of laser surface texturing (LST) in the field of gear lubrication, and to more accurately predict the lubrication characteristics of different surfaces.

Design/methodology/approach
The method used in this paper is developed on the basis of the deterministic solution of the three-dimensional (3D) mixed elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model and the model parameters are corrected by friction test. The film pressure, film thickness and friction coefficient of different micro-textured tooth surfaces are predicted on the basis of accurate 3D mixed EHL models.

Findings
The results demonstrate that the micro-texture structure of the tooth surface can increase the local film thickness and enhance the lubricating performance of the tooth surface without drastically reducing the contact fatigue life. The stress distribution and friction characteristics of the tooth surface can be optimized by adjusting the micro-texture arrangement and the size of the micro-textures.

Originality/value
A new evaluation method using a 3D hybrid EHL model and friction test to predict the lubrication characteristics of LST is proposed, which can effectively improve the processing economy and save time.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2020-0423


Abstract This study discusses a multidimensional stress management model for use as a preventive program for college students. The author describes a general model of stress management with three major parts (physical, cognitive, and lifestyle), and he reports on an evaluation of this model as presented in a course format. This evaluation included the use of a similar class as a control group with an ANOVA comparison of gain scores on nine different stress management behaviors. This paper also includes a general description of the treatment including the course curriculum and teaching methods. Significant differences were found in four of the nine areas: regular relaxation, situational relaxation, aerobic exercise, and positive self-statements. The author explains and analyzes these results and discusses short versus long term gains and anecdotal information from student evaluations. The paper presents suggestions for further research.


We investigate lepton-pair production in hard exclusive hadron-hadron collisions.
We consider a double handbag (DH) mechanism in which the process amplitude factorizes in hard subprocesses, qq -> qq gamma* and qg -> qg gamma*, and in soft hadron matrix elements parameterized as generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Employing GPDs extracted from exclusive meson electroproduction, we present predictions for the lepton-pair cross section at kinematics typical for the LHC, NICA and FAIR. It turns out from our numerical studies that the quark-gluon subprocess dominates by far, the quark-quark (antiquark) subprocesses are almost negligible.


The manufacture of fire robot has characteristics such as different types and piece production, and flexible manufacture and cost control of the fire robot must be considered due to these characteristics. In this paper, the similarity of fire robot's working environment was analyzed, The demand of chassis's adaptability and the method using general technical platform were discussed with the thinking of modular design, and new series fire robots which composed of the general platform and different function modules were proposed, and the manufacture cost of traditional design method and modular design method were compared in using the activity-based costing method, and under the new design method the manufacture cost were decreased extremely.


The Department of Justice promulgated 'the regulation of the ban on the disclosure of criminal cases' in order to protect the human rights of those involved in criminal cases and to prevent the principle of presumption of innocence from being undermined, while harmonizing with the people's right to know. The legal nature of this regulation corresponds to the administrative rule. Although justification for the purpose of the enactment of this regulation is recognized, it has a number of problems from a constitutional point of view as follows. First, this regulation, which is only an administrative rule, has a number of articles that broadly restricts the freedom of press, which is the basic right of a media organization under the Constitution. It is in violation of Article 37-2 of the Constitution, which stipulates the condition that the basic right should be limited as legislation. Second, the regulation stipulates that various measures can be taken to protect the honor of those engaged in investigation. But it would run counter to the general theory and Supreme Court precedents that civil servants performing state affairs are not subject to honor protection. Third, the Criminal Case Disclosure Committee, because of the Subcommittee on Administrative Institutions, shall be established and disciplined in accordance with the Act on the Establishment and Operation of the Committee of the Administrative Institution. But this committee is just based on the administrative rule, not the legislation. Fourth, this regulation has a problem that the scope of the public figure to make public is too narrow. It is necessary to expand the scope of the disclosure to its purpose. Finally, the regulation stipulates that if a media gives a false report, it can be restricted access to the prosecution office, which reveals problems in terms of the subject of judgment on the false report and standards of misinformation. Therefore it is criticized that the restriction is a toxic clause that infringes freedom of speech.


Temporal characteristics of Position in Word (PoW) effects in Spanish are investigated in relation to stress and accent. The results show that initial /s/ is lengthened word-initially but only when stress or accent is concomitantly active. This suggests that the PoW effect is conditioned by stress and accent (prominence effects), and the word boundary effect enhances onset durations when combined with the prominence effects. The result is interpreted to mean that the PoW effect in Spanish could better be characterized as enhanced stressed/accent effects benefited by boundary initial positions. This study provides an important insight of prosody interactions that can help us to understand the complex nature of prosodic effects.


—Drones are becoming increasingly popular for hob- byists and recreational use. But with this surge in popularity comes increased risk to privacy as the technology makes it easy to spy on people in otherwise-private environments, such as an individual's home. An attacker can fly a drone over fences and walls in order to observe the inside of a house, without having physical access. Existing drone detection systems require specialist hardware and expensive deployment efforts; making them inaccessible to the general public. In this work we present a drone detection system that requires minimal prior configuration and uses inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware to detect drones that are carrying out privacy invasion attacks. We use a model of the attack structure to derive statistical metrics for movement and proximity, that are then applied to received communications between a drone and its controller. We tested our system in real world experiments with two popular consumer drone models mounting privacy invasion attacks using a range of flight patterns. We were able to both detect the presence of a drone and identify which phase of the privacy attack was in progress. Even in our worst-case we detected an attack before the drone was within 48m of its target.


Estrogen can be rapidly metabolized to 2‐methyoxyestradiol (2ME) at the arterial wall. Like estrogen, 2ME has a relaxant effect on arteries; however, the exact mechanism is not known. We hypothesized that 2ME attenuates arterial tone by inhibiting calcium influx. Right coronary arteries were obtained from female pigs and sectioned into 3 mm denuded rings which were suspended in organ baths. A concentration‐response relationship to KCl (15 mM‐80 mM) was generated after a 60 min incubation in the presence and absence of various 2ME concentrations (10−7M to 10−4M). 2ME (10−4M) significantly inhibited the KCl depolarizing concentration‐response relationship. To determine the direct effect of 2ME on L‐type calcium channels, a similar experiment was conducted using 10−5M BayK8644, an L‐type calcium channel agonist, to induce a contraction. Inhibition of the BayK8644‐induced contraction was demonstrated after a 60 min incubation with 10−5M and 10−4M 2ME. Our results suggest that 2ME decreases coronary arterial tone by inhibition of calcium influx.


The position of priestess provided a rare culturally acceptable public role for respectable matronae. The Vestals and the flaminicae, initially appointed from the patrician class, were the earliest female religious in Rome. As new cults arose for deities such as Ceres, Venus, Diana, Isis, Magna Mater, and the Imperial Augustae, less class-restrictive offices for priestesses were created. Monuments found outside of Rome give evidence of not only the number, identity and status of local women elected as priestesses, but also the contributions they made and the high esteem in which they were held by their communities. They also give valuable insight into the lives and socio-economic status of wealthy women outside of Rome during the Empire. Since honorary and funerary inscriptions are our only source of information about these priestly women, my PowerPoint presentation demonstrates, with texts readily accessible for classroom use in the Online Companion to the Worlds of Roman Women, how we can learn from them and what model existed for the provincial role of priestess and civic benefactor. The texts selected testify to the prestige and euergetism of local sacerdotes publicae and flaminicae from the Augustan period to the 3rd century CE, women such as Eumachia of Pompeii, Metilia Acte and Egnatia Aescennia Procula of Ostia, Vibia Modesta of Italica, Spain, and Junia Rustica of Cartima, Spain.


A miniature pressure scanning system includes a plurality of miniature pressure sensors where each pressure sensors includes at least one sensor output for providing an analog output signal indicative of a detected pressure on a body, and each pressure sensor output has an associated output impedance; a plurality of buffers, each buffer electrically connected to the output port of a corresponding one of the pressure sensors, and configured to reduce the associated output impedance of the corresponding sensor output coupled thereto, and further configured to provide at an output of the buffer the analog output pressure signal from the pressure sensor; and a multiplexer coupled downstream of the plurality of buffers and configured to multiplex the buffered analog output pressure signals to output a multiplexed analog signal representing the detected pressures.


A study was made on and-ATLA antibody among general inhabitants, those with hematologic disease and those with hepatic disease in Nagano Prefecture.Among 2, 299 inhabitants (990 males and 1, 309 females), anti-ATLA antibody was found to be positive in two males (0.1 %)The number of patients with hematologic disease was 155. Of them, malignant lymphoma accounted for 50 (T: 24.3 %, B: 37.8 %), acute leukemia 32 and other hematologic malignancy 28. No ATL was found among them. It was revealed that 56 of them underwent transfusion ranging from 2 to 346 units of blood, averaging at 49.7 units. The number of person whose anti-ATLA antibody was positive was one only, who was diagnosed as AML and was transfused 170 units.Of 42 patients with hepatic disease, HB virus-related liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) accounted for 10, non-B group HBAg (-) for 18, alcoholic liver dysfunction 5 and other hepatic disorders 9. Three out of these 42 patients were found to be positive for anti-ATLA antibody, each three patients belonged to the "non-B" group (3/18, 16.6 %).The total number of positivist was thus six. Of them, five had a history of transfusion, and all five positivists excluding the one with AML were suffering from hepatic disease with HBAg (-).From the above, it was considered that in Nagano Prefecture, those whose anti-ATLA antibody was positive were conspicuously small in number, but main cause of the positivity was attributable to the transfusion. Most of the positivists were suffered from non-B hepatic disease with a history of transfusion, and the number of positivist was significantly greater even when compared with patients with hematologic disease with frequent transfusion. Accordingly, it is suggested that some of the hepatic diseases with HBAg (-) might be associated with HTLV.


ABSTRACT This paper reports on research into the top-down implementation of CLIL in the trilingual context of Kazakhstan, with a focus on teachers' conceptualization of integration. Kazakhstan is the first Central Asian country to introduce CLIL for using three different languages as a medium of instruction for different content subjects as part of an ambitious national language-in-education policy. With a constructivist position, the study sought to explore the reality, i.e. the conceptualization of CLIL from teachers' own perspectives through interviews and observations with five participants, working in the network of 20 state-funded and highly selective Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools. Findings suggest that most of the participating teachers were not aware of the pedagogical intentions behind CLIL and understood it merely as just teaching through another language. The subject teachers, who worked in the context of demanding enquiry-based curriculum, prioritized content over language, assuming only an indirect role in facilitating students' language development.


The contributions to this special issue examine the politics of domestic and international climate policy, concentrating on the role of institutions, interests, ideas, and networks. The outcomes of the policymaking processes are assessed with regard to their proportionality, that is, the balance between the benefits and costs of a policy. The contributions show that climate politics can lead to policy under- and overreactions. This introduction sets out the common research interest of the special issue and explains how the individual contributions relate to each other. To this end, it begins by providing the rationale for adopting the analytical perspective of comparative politics. Then it presents the conceptual framework and gives an overview of the contributions to this issue. Subsequently, it develops a research agenda that highlights avenues for future research and offers a brief conclusion that reflects on the potential of the concept of (dis)proportionality to advance the cumulative knowledge on climate politics and policies.


cancers, married individuals display improved survival for both prostate and testis cancer [1,2]. However, the consensus regarding the effect of marital status on patients with UCUB has been mixed [3–5]. The study by Sammon et al. is the first to simultaneously examine the effect of both gender and marital status on NOCD at RC, BCSM, and ACM. With regard to disease stage at presentation, given never-married males' increased risk for NOCD at RC, clinicians may be more aggressive in their evaluation of these patients. Also, as both SDW men and SDW women have higher rates of BCSM postoperatively, a more thorough preoperative evaluation of these patients' social support structure may be warranted. Sammon et al. also demonstrate the social dynamics potentially underlying marriage's protective effect. For example, in contrast to never-married males, SDW men did not present with more advanced disease at the time of RC. This finding may imply that a stable social network conveys to males a sensitization to health care that encourages them to seek early treatment they would not pursue otherwise. Further studies that examine these subtleties and their relevance to clinical practice will be well received. Conflicts of interest: The authors have nothing to disclose.


A general method to prove strong laws of large numbers for random fields is given. It is based on the Hajek-Renyi type method presented in Noszaly and Tomacs [14] and in Tomacs and Libor [16]. Noszaly and Tomacs [14] obtained a Hajek-Renyi type maximal inequality for random fields using moments inequalities. Recently, Tomacs and Libor [16] obtained a Hajek-Renyi type maximal inequality for random sequences based on probabilities, but not for random fields. In this paper we present a Hajek-Renyi type maximal inequality for random fields, using probabilities, which is an extension of the main results of Noszaly and Tomacs [14] by replacing moments by probabilities and a generalization of the main results of Tomacs and Libor [16] for random sequences to random fields. We apply our results to establishing a logarithmically weighted sums without moment assumptions and under general dependence conditions for random fields.


Data are presented showing that at constant 0.02 M OH- the
rate of the base hydrolysis of the (NH3)5 Co(DMS0)3+ ion increases
with an ·increase in th


Numerical modeling and simulations have been essential for rapid developments of vacuum electronic devices. Pseudospectral solvers have interesting capabilities to be considered, but up to now, they have not been extensively used for the modeling of vacuum tubes. In this paper, we present a novel 1-D time-domain numerical scheme which has the great aptitude of considering geometrical dispersion characteristic of helix traveling-wave tube (TWT) in time domain. This ability is interesting for one-run investigation of time-domain events such as pulse excitation of wideband tubes. The numerical model is extended to have simultaneously arbitrary order of accuracy in space and time derivations; so we achieve a code which presents a very low level of numerical dispersion error, without forcing a notable numerical calculation burden. To validate our new simulation tool, we have studied the experimental results of a TWT product, and successfully compared the results to the impulse response of the new 1-D code.


This article explores the life histories of virtuoso classical music soloists with particular reference to conservatoire provision. Detailed life-history interviews were conducted with six virtuosi between May 2018 and January 2019. These participants were three singers, two cellists and a concert pianist. Resultant qualitative data were stored in an NVivo software database and understood through a process of analytic induction. Key findings spotlight the significance of Higher Education, a connection between broad creative and cultural interest and musical excellence, and a significant role for conservatoires in diversifying their training and easing transition into the career. The soloists also warned of dangers relating to controlling teachers, loss of autonomy and a need to convey their career realities to students.


The present invention provides a voice synthesizing system characterized by that XML-based structured documents are used, the system server comprises a language processing module, a rhythm processing module and an XML document maker, wherein the text is first processed by the language processing module and rhythm processing module to be transformed into language and rhythm information, which in turn are further processed by the XML maker to become XLM document and is transmitted to the client machine through communication network, thus the complete voice synthesis system can be made up by voice synthesis server or client machine constructed by different technologies.


GaAs (100) and (111) gallium-rich surfaces (Ga/As≃1.4) have been halogenated using beams of atomic chlorine and fluorine under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. XPS and LEED analyses of the resulting thin films indicate that chlorine atoms produce a disordered highly arsenic-defficient GaCl x reaction product layer whose thickness decreases as temperature increases from 110 to 271 K. At 121 K and above, a stable reaction layer is not observed but an ordered, stoichiometric to As-rich GaAs surface is formed; a residual submonolayer of chlorine is present at temperatures up to 571 K


The image of city's culture is the city's temperament and taste with its characteristics embedded in the context of its long history.The key to shape the image of city's culture is to excavate,display and build the city's historical context."Cultural characteristics of a city" or "city cultural personality" is the fundamental basis for the city cultural image orientation.The most typical characteristics of Huanggang City's cultural tradition are resources and spiritual traditions of celebrity culture.Therefore,in the course of locating and shaping the city cultural image,Huanggang City should centre on celebrity culture and create the "Celebrity City of China," establishing county and district celebrity cultural images respectively.


Relevance judgment of human assessors is inherently subjective and dynamic when evaluation datasets are created for Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, a small group of experts' relevance judgment results are usually taken as ground truth to "objectively" evaluate the performance of the IR systems. Recent trends intend to employ a group of judges, such as outsourcing, to alleviate the potentially biased judgment results stemmed from using only a single expert's judgment. Nevertheless, different judges may have different opinions and may not agree with each other, and the inconsistency in human relevance judgment may affect the IR system evaluation results. In this research, we introduce a Relevance Judgment Convergence Degree (RJCD) to measure the quality of queries in the evaluation datasets. Experimental results reveal a strong correlation coefficient between the proposed RJCD score and the performance differences between the two IR systems.


Energy harvesting (EH) is a promising technique to extend the lifetime of internet of things (IoT) networks. In real cases however, its costly and impractical that each node send its data to base station each slot, thus we decided to sample the data of some nodes and reconstructed the state of all nodes through the belief state in order to reduce energy cost. In this paper, we consider a dynamic multiple channel access problem in a single cell. There are multiple nodes and each of them is equipped with an EH device and a rechargeable battery. Particularly, we consider that a BS only observes the power information of scheduled nodes. Thus the whole problem is modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). We firstly convert the observation of partial nodes to the belief state of all nodes is proposed to predict the scheduling policy of the next time slot. And then we propose a deep reinforcement learning algorithm called Double deep Q network (Double DQN). Simulation results has clearly indicated that the performance of our proposed Double DQN outperforms that of other reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms.


We use a numerical simulation method for recovering the photospheric velocity field from the vector magnetograms. The traditional method is local correlation tracking (LCT), which is based on measuring the relative displacements of features in blocks of pixels between successive white-light images or magnetograms. Within this method, there are a variety of implementations. One of recently developed implementations is induction local correlation tracking (ILCT) as described by Welsch and coworkers. They employ the normal component of magnetic induction equation as a constraint to assure consistent solutions. Our numerical method uses the fully three-dimensional MHD equations to recover the photospheric velocity field with individual vector magnetograms. We compare our method to the ILCT method using NOAA AR 8210 as an example. The differences and similarities are discussed in detail.


The present investigative work, that consisted in the study of the cycle of life, its habits and identification of the trips of the flowers on field and laboratory level, under registered of temperature and relative humidity conditions of 30.7o C and 85% respectively, it was carried out it in the farm Frutvictoria and in the laboratory of Vegetable Sanity of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. The objectives were: 1. to determine the biological cycle, the duration and the characteristics of the different states of development of the trips of the inflorescence of the banana at laboratory level and with field observations; 2. to recognize the habits of the insect associated with the damage in the banana fruit. 3. to identify the studied insect at genus level.
At laboratory level, it was used tender fingers of banana as oviposicion material and fresh flowers for feeding the immature states. The average duration in days of the different development states were: egg 2,6 ; larva I 2,0; larva II 3,3; prepupa 1,5 and pupa 2,0 days.
At field level, observations of the habits of this insect associated with the damage in the fruit were made, and it was settled the instant that the adults get in the inflorescence.
For the identification of this species it was carried out permanent assemblies and by using dicotomic or taxonomic keys, it was stated that the studied insect was Frankliniella parvula Hood.


This article explores the politics of risking international cooperation with a distrusted adversary. It develops a model in which two states attempt to learn over the course of two periods whether or not mutual cooperation is possible given their (initially unknown) preferences. In one of the states, the government is engaged in domestic political competition with an opposition party. One party is known to have more hawkish preferences than the other, on average, and voters must decide which party to elect after observing the international interaction in the first period. The model shows that, when trust is low but continued conflict is costly, cooperation is most likely to be initiated by a moderate hawk—a leader with moderate preferences from the more hawkish party. Moreover, while dovish leaders are better at eliciting cooperation in the short run, mutual cooperation is most likely to endure if it was initiated by a hawk. Some empirical implications and illustrations of the model are discussed.I gratefully acknowledge thoughtful comments received from Andrew Kydd, James Morrow, Brett Ashley Leeds, T. Clifton Morgan, Kenneth Scheve, Deborah Larson, Bruce Russett, Alex Mintz, and the anonymous reviewers. An earlier version of this article was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the International Studies Association, March 2002.