Comparison is drawn between a village's circle of lay Buddhists and an association of former ex-guerrilla fighters in a Northern Vietnamese commune and their respective modes of commemoration. Both groups commemorate the same raid by French soldiers on their commune in 1948, known as the 12/01 Raid. The Association's mode of commemoration is conceptualized as legend; a story that is considered true, but which also retells the 12/01 Raid in terms of a series of ordeals and trials, and with the protagonists overcoming them. The Buddhists' commemorative mode is conceptualized as legacy to capture their vision of a common tragedy. It is argued that the Buddhists commemorate the 12/01 Raid in terms of a common, fateful point of origin, and that legend should be considered a restricted version of legacy.


A study has been made of 36 children during the age period 10 to 16. The children fell into 3 groups: 1. those displaying no symptoms of accident proneness or delinquency, 2. those with a major accident history, but displaying only minor tendencies toward delinquency, 3. those with marked delinquent behavior patterns. The family relationships, adjustment to change and frequency of change, school records and material provided by projective tests differed from one group to another. Some of the differences have been noted. It has been shown that: 1. Relief of tension in ill-considered motor activity is a frequent means of restoring physical and emotional equilibrium among puberal boys and girls whose capacity to respond to change has been overtaxed by the addition of complex external changes to the stress that is inevitable during this maturational period. 2. When inner resources and capacity to communicate have been restricted, as indicated in school and social records, projective tests and interviews, many...


This work focuses on a study of strain effects in resistor stress sensors fabricated on (001) silicon and their influences on the determination of piezoresistive (pi) coefficients for the precise measurements of die stresses in electronic packages. We obtained the corrected values of the pi-coefficients by considering the strain effects, without which more than 50% discrepancies may be induced.


Many people have come to recognize private motor vehicle traffic as being one of the major driving forces behind declining environmental and residential qualities in the cities. Rising numbers of motor vehicles and increases in the mileage covered by privately owned vehicles bring with them growing accident risk, land consumption, soil contamination, overall resource depletion and energy use with the concomitant CO2 problems, wastes in the manufacture and disposal of automobiles, and noise and air pollution. The countenance of the city and the quality of life in cities both suffer. Conventional strategies for solving such problems, including widespread traffic calming or optimizing motor vehicle technology, are approaching the limits of their efficacy. They do indeed reduce the stress on the environment but the gains are more than offset by increasing loads emanating from an unbroken rise in the numbers of vehicles and volume of travel. This makes it necessary to abandon a taboo in our thinking and instead develop planning concepts aimed at reducing the number of automobiles. In this effort regional urban and traffic planning should provide incentives to those households which even today do without an automobile and encourage those who are considering eliminating a car now on hand in the household so that they will actually relinquish that vehicle. (A)


The effective protection of water resources sustainable utilization of water resources is to realize the sustainable development of society and economy.In shangluo city water on the basis of investigation,the reasonable water area,calculate the key section water functional partition corresponding carrying capacity,and put forward measures to protect the water based,for protection of water resources in shangluo,supervision and management,provides the basis.


A simple zirconia sensor equipped with Ag powder electrodes was fabricated, and the response to oxygen in gaseous and aqueous environments was examined at temperatures over the range from 200 to 330 C. The sensor showed a fast, Nernstian response to changes in oxygen partial pressure in gaseous systems. In aqueous systems at 300 C, the sensor also responded to changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration in a Nernstian manner.


Abstract Smart grids are envisaged as infrastructures able to accommodate all centralized and distributed energy resources (DER), including intensive use of renewable and distributed generation (DG), storage, demand response (DR), and also electric vehicles (EV), from which plug-in vehicles, i.e. gridable vehicles, are especially relevant. Moreover, smart grids must accommodate a large number of diverse types or players in the context of a competitive business environment. Smart grids should also provide the required means to efficiently manage all these resources what is especially important in order to make the better possible use of renewable based power generation, namely to minimize wind curtailment. An integrated approach, considering all the available energy resources, including demand response and storage, is crucial to attain these goals. This paper proposes a methodology for energy resource management that considers several Virtual Power Players (VPPs) managing a network with high penetration of distributed generation, demand response, storage units and network reconfiguration. The resources are controlled through a flexible SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system that can be accessed by the evolved entities (VPPs) under contracted use conditions. A case study evidences the advantages of the proposed methodology to support a Virtual Power Player (VPP) managing the energy resources that it can access in an incident situation.


(1) International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (email@example.com), (2) GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany (firstname.lastname@example.com), (3) Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Illinois, USA (email@example.com), (4) International Food Policy Research Institute, 1201 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC, USA (firstname.lastname@example.com), (5) Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia (firstname.lastname@example.com), (6) International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (email@example.com)


Laser-generated high-order harmonics provide a source of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation with unique capabilities for probing atomic and molecular dynamics. Here we present the first ultrafast molecular dynamics studies that employ high harmonics with coincidence electron ion 3D momentum imaging. We generate femtosecond EUV pulses at ~ 42 eV photon energy by upconverting intense (> 10 Wcm) 25 fs laser pulses in an argon-filled waveguide. We use an ultrashort EUV pulse to photoionize simple diatomic molecules: D2, N2 and CO. We observe the population of highly excited states of the singly charged molecule. To our knowledge there have been no reports of time resolved measurement of dynamics on these states, although numerous synchrotron studies have observed the products. We probe the states near the molecular double-ionization threshold on femtosecond time scales by employing a moderate intensity infrared field as a probe. The infrared leads to dication formation by multiphoton ionization. The kinetic energy release of the dissociative dication states evolves as a function of time delay (internuclear distance), allowing us to map excited state dynamics. Here we present our results for the case of the N2 molecule. The EUV pulse photoionizes the molecule, leaving a significant population in highly-excited states between 25 and 45 eV [1]. The dynamics of these states unfolds along different channels, which we can identify by observing correlations between electron and recoil energy in our coincidence 3D momentum imaging setup. We identify at least three dissociation channels. The time delayed IR pulse multiphoton-ionizes the dynamically evolving N2 system, and the kinetic energy release (KER) is obtained in the N N channel as a function of time delay between EUV and IR pulses (Fig 1). Near zero time delay, we obtain a high kinetic energy release of 6-8 eV. This agrees well with previously observed KER for the dication [2]. However, with increasing time delay we observe a significant shift of the KER to lower values. We believe that the presence of structure in the KER spectra, with a prominent 3 eV component, indicates that we are probing (1) dynamics of non-adiabatic transitions between highly excited states and/or (2) the evolution of a wave packet on a molecular Rydberg state built on a N2 core. Based on the present knowledge of potential energy surfaces, the second possibility seems more likely. In summary, we have demonstrated a technique for time resolving highly excited states using laser based harmonics. The KER spectra as a function of time delay in N2 probes the evolution of wave packets on inner-valence excited states and on molecular Rydberg states.


After investigating wengniuteqi we found that it is a miraculous land with elegant and special landscape and natrual environment,as well as long history of humanity tourism resources.So it has the value and condition for the integration and development.Followwing the principles of the combination of development and protection,the integration of natural landscape development principle,and with the direction of the government it should operate with the marketing system,produce short-term fine works of travel route,carry out long-term strategy to develop the whole,and to set up a wonderful image for travel spot.


In recent years, the coal mine accidents frequently happened in china. If the coals want to prevent the occurrence of mine accidents, they should increase the intensity of the application for mechatronic products. In this paper, we study the application of electromechanical integration products in the coal industry. We hope that our research can make contribution for the mine safety management.


The fifth edition of Mr. Gabriel's book, like the previous four, presents diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus as they are treated at St. Mark's Hospital in London. St. Mark's is the oldest hospital in the world limiting its work to proctology. It was founded in 1835, and Mr. Gabriel has been on its staff for more than 40 years. The tremendous experience in volume and variety of proctologic cases done in St. Mark's is recorded in this book. In the latest edition each chapter has been brought up to date in regard to text and illustrations, and two new chapters have been added. Chapter 5 concerns the malformed rectum and anus, while the new Chapter 10 thoroughly discusses pain in the anorectal area not explained by clear-cut lesions found on local examination. Anal incontinence is unusually well covered as to cause and treatment. The sections on tumors of


Sir, In a vast country like ours, we are often called upon as a part of our duty to assess disability resulting from trauma/ burns in our patients. The latest guideline issued by the Government of India, for the assessment of locomotor disability, appeared as a Gazette notification in June 2001. We use this guideline regularly in our unit. During routine use we found the calculations which form a part of the guideline to be time consuming and difficult to explain in the court.


1535 Background: Despite conventional therapeutic approaches available for the management of malignant glioma the outlook remains dismal. Current therapy consists of surgery and radiotherapy along ...


The e ect of di erent types and doses of organic fertilisers (OF) on the chemical properties of the soil (organic C, total N and available P), the density of bacteria that regulate plant growth Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Psolubilising bacteria and K-solubilising bacteria in soil at a distance and rhizosphere, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation (hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles) and hybrid plant growth of Citrange troyer [height and basal stem diameter at ve time intervals; dry foliar matter (DFM) and dry root matter (DRM)] was evaluated 11 months after transplantation in the nursery. There were 14 treatments, 12 with types of OF [chicken manure (CM), sugarcane residue-1 (SR1), sugarcane residue-2 (SR2) and banana waste (BW)] and doses (1, 2 and 3 %), that were compared with two controls (one with urea and one absolute). The results show statistically signi cant di erences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05) due to the e ect of the type and dose of OF on all the chemical and microbiological parameters, and on the growth of C. troyer. The rhizosphere e ect was observed in most treatments with OF. The use of CM at a dose of 2 % stimulates plant growth and at a dose of 3 % favours an increase in basal stem diameter, DFM, DRM and the DFM / DRM relationship. It was found that DFM and DRM have a highly signi cant relationship with the content of N in the soil, the densities of P-solubilising bacteria and Azospirillum, and the colonisation of the root by mycorrhizal structures of hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles. Thus, the use of CM is recommended at doses of 2 and 3 % to obtain C. troyer plants in nurseries.


Summary form only given. Quantum control of photo induced reactions exploits molecular interferences by adjusting the phases of multiple quantum pathways to different product channels via adapted excitation light. The approach features general applicability but an accurate theoretical prediction of the optimal laserfield to drive a specific chemical reaction is possible only for very basic systems. Moreover, the experimental realization of such a predicted complex field at the site of the interaction volume is extremely difficult or even impossible. If the molecular system under study comprises more than two atoms, a closed loop experiment may bypass such complications since it identifies the optimal pulse shapes in a trial and error fashion, without any specific a priori knowledge. Such a loop is established by a tunable modulator to shape the fs Pulses at will, and a learning algorithm which reads and interprets a relevant response signal to compute a corrective input and return it to the shaper. Many successful demonstrations of this approach on a multitude of atomic and molecular systems have been presented in the last few years. However, in spite of these demonstrations, it was still uncertain whether this approach can be applied to highly complex systems, or even biological samples. The demonstrations illustrate that coherent control effected by a combination of open and closed loop experiments is well suited to uncover the structure and dynamics of complex molecules.


We show that the combination of non-negative sectional curvature (or 2-intermediate Ricci curvature) and strict positivity of scalar curvature forces rigidity of complete (non-compact) two-sided stable minimal hypersurfaces in a 4-manifold with bounded curvature. In particular, this implies the nonexistence of complete two-sided stable minimal hypersurface in a closed 4-manifold with positive sectional curvature. Our work leads to new comparison results. We also construct various examples showing rigidity of stable minimal hypersurfaces can fail under other curvature conditions.


Polar fluctuations were found in KTaO3 when K+ was substituted with Mn2+ on the A-site. The temperature dependence of the real part of the dielectric permittivity of (K1−2xMnx◻x)TaO3 ceramics (x=0–0.05) shows a diffuse maximum between 50–100 K in the frequency range 102–106 Hz, shifting to higher temperature with increasing frequency and Mn content. The results are analyzed using a modified Curie–Weiss law, the Cole–Cole equation and the Arrhenius law. Here it is suggested that the observed relaxor-type dielectric behavior is attributed to the formation of electric dipoles originating from two distinct sources; one from an atomic off-center position when Mn2+ substitutes for K+ and one from the anion deficiencies formed by these aliovalent substitutions.


The impacts of the craft beer revolution reached Brazilian beer industry in the first years of this century. The evolution of the craft beer segment is paving the way to the development of different forms of organising in Brazil, such as contract brewing, designed for firms that do not own physical brewing facilities. This form of organising has several combinations, which vary according to the firm's value proposition. Contract brewing may be a reflection of open strategy practices, which affect both organisational structures and ownership forms. This research on the contract brewing business model attempts to advance our understanding of strategic symbiotic arrangements in this particular industry. After examining how contract breweries are operating in practice, we were able to group the business model's key components into two different configurations - symbiotic and transitional, whose main challenges are closely related to their interdependencies with a production partner and their interorganisational strategy.


The objective of this work is to prove the feasibility of a Separated Spacecraft Interferometry mission involving two or more Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES collectors) and a combiner satellite, and design and test the phasing control system that, acting on a voice coil and on a piezoelectric actuated mirrors, keeps the optical path length difference between the collectors and the combiner below 158.25 nanometers. The Synthetic Imaging Maneuver Optimization (SIMO) testbed of the MIT Space Systems Laboratory provides the hardware environment on which the control algorithm is tested and validated. Starting from a system identification process, the dynamical behavior of the SIMO phasing subsystem is analyzed, and a representative phasing loop simulator is developed in Matlab Simulink. The simulator also takes into account the ambient noise and the drift of the satellite that, acting as disturbances, affect the phasing performance. A simple and robust staged control system is designed on the simulator, and implemented and tested on SIMO. The results obtained on the testbed are used to validate both the simulator and the overall control architecture. At the end we identify the limits of the current control hardware in terms of control frequency and discuss how this affects the closed loop performance. We also determine the minimum control frequency needed to ensure a precise phasing control.


During the construction of urban underground engineering ,there are some problems, such as penetrative destruction, dewatering in local, uplift pressure and corrosivity etc., which block the construction of urban underground engineering and the security of buildings' environment around it. The possible Environmental Geotechnical Problems of urban underground engineering in Shenyang are analyzed, combined with Shenyang subway #2 line, then the suggestions are given


1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public health, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Member of safety promotion and Injury prevention research center, professor of School of public health, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3 Social Determinants in health promotion research center, Hormozgan University of Medical sciences, Bander Abbas, Iran. 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public health, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: email@example.com


Abstract Huge investment is needed for introducing a fiber-to-the-home system, so research and development strategy is very important. Requirements for fiber-to-the-home systems have been increased because communication systems have been recognized as one of the lifelines along with water, electricity, and gas. Furthermore, low energy consumption and recyclable eco-friendliness are required for products. NTT has been challenged to reduce capital expenditure, reduce operational expenditure, and create new applications for expanding the number of fiber-to-the-home subscribers from the viewpoint of a technological approach, including access infrastructure, fiber, transmission, and wireless technologies. Due to continuous and strategic technological development, the number of NTT's fiber-to-the-home subscribers is now over 17 million.


Computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) was used to characterize the motility of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax spermatozoa and to study the effect of several physicochemical variables and heavy metals on sperm swimming performance. Duration of sperm motility in sea bass was very short (<50 s). During the first 20 s all the motility variables measured remained approximately constant, the velocity and linearity of the movement being maximum during this period, while both variables decreased sharply later. While slight variations in pH did not significantly modify sperm swimming performance, changes in osmolality affected all the measured motility variables. Two of the heavy metals tested, Cu


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ABSTRACT Employing the term 'point of audition' to describe the spatial position musical works imply for their listeners, this article examines the use of technologies for extending the senses to define new points of audition in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Popular literature on natural philosophy promoted magnifying instruments as windows onto distant or hidden realms and as tools for acquiring knowledge. On the operatic stage and in writers' metaphorical musings, kindred sensory extensions were imagined for hearing. These contexts connected (magic) mirrors and magnifying instruments to their musical analogues: muted tone and keyboard fantasizing. The development of these associations in opera and literature made it possible for instrumental music to position listeners as eavesdroppers upon unknown realms. Such a point of audition is shown to be implied by the Adagio un poco mosso of Beethoven's Fifth Piano Concerto. By examining material practices and discourses surrounding sensory extension, this article demonstrates the relevance of technologically mediated observation to musical culture at the turn of the nineteenth century, and its contribution to the otherworldly orientation characteristic of romantic listening.


This work research object was fat systems interesterification biotechnology using the Lipozyme TL IM immobilized enzyme preparation. The problem of enzyme preparation activation by moistening with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with 7.4 ... 7.7 (3 % wt.) pH was solved in the work. The obtained results made it possible to minimize the interesterification process duration with high-quality product obtaining. The proposed enzyme preparation processing made it possible to reduce the duration of the biointeresterification process in a model fat mixture (palm stearin, coconut and soybean oils in a ratio of 1:1:1, respectively) to 3.5...3.7 hours. The product with high quality indicators, namely up to 0.26 mg KOH/g acid number, up to 0.60 mmol ½ O/kg peroxide number and 1.70 c.u. anisidine number, was obtained as a result. The obtained data can be explained by a fact that effective biocatalysis with lipolytic enzymes as the protein molecules requires the existence of two phases – lipid and water. This fact was provided by the activation parameters justified in the study. The obtained results feature was possibility of enzyme preparation activation, which is not provided under industrial conditions due to the threat of raw materials and finished products hydrolytic processes, which leads to the finished product quality deterioration. The research results made it possible to minimize hydrolytic processes in fat system during interesterification with simultaneous process efficiency increase. From a practical point of view, the discovered activation mechanism made it possible to adjust the enzyme preparation processing conditions in fat systems interesterification technology. The applied aspect of scientific result using was the possibility of improving the typical technological process of fat interesterification


The NuTeV experiment at Fermilab presents a determination of the electroweak mixing angle. High purity, large statistics samples of muon-neutrino and muon-antineutrino events allow the use of the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation. This considerably reduces systematic errors associated with charm production and other sources. With Standard Model assumptions, this measurement of sin2thw indirectly determines the W boson mass to a precision comparable to direct measurements from high energy e+e- and p-pbar colliders. NuTeV measures sin^2theta_W (on-shell) = 0.2253 +/- 0.0019(stat) +/- 0.0010(syst) which implies M_W = 80.26 +/- 0.11 GeV.


Previous research confirms the interdependent relationship between poor sleep and depression, but has often focused on objective measures of sleep and overlooked the importance of subjective factors. Insomnia may be maintained by anxiety and perceptions of poor sleep timing, and depression is associated with poor sleep satisfaction, regardless of perceived sleep timing.


The influence of SiC particulates addition on the electrical behaviors of Al / SiC matrix composites was studied. The composited samples were prepared from Al-SiC powdered mixtures having different SiC content in the range of 40-70 wt% SiC particulates with particle sizes lower than 45- μm. The resultant powders were then uniaxially pressed in cylindrical steel die to obtain a compact disc-shaped of 1.5 cm in diameter. The compacts were sintered in the temperature range of 800 ˚C and 1100 ˚C. Electrical and dielectric properties (a.c. Conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and dielectric loss factor) were measured for these sintered samples in the frequency range 200 Hz – 6GHz. From the results obtained it was concluded that the formation of new phases (as proved by XRD) plays a major role in the properties of these composites. Also a jump-like behavior in the measured electrical conductivity and the abrupt changes in the dielectric constant behaviors suggest frequency- dependent two- mechanisms for conduction at different SiC content.


This article discusses the example of how Pierre Bourdieu and Kathy Charmaz's concepts were applied in a doctoral research study. Bourdieu's concepts have been proved to be useful in comprehending functionality within social groups. Charmaz's notion of constructivism on the other hand emphasises the need to engage participants in constructing their reality from an epistemological perspective. Thirty two participants in this article were an equivalent of a social group. The study included three main participant systems of care: the medical/health, the judiciary and the prison systems. This discussion highlights how Bourdieu illuminated the exploration of mental health service functional inequalities within these systems in Zimbabwe.


The study investigates the use of cash and other payment instruments at points of sale (POS) in Italy, using data from the Italian sample of the Study on the Use of Cash by Households (SUCH) conducted by the ECB in 2016. The aim of the study was to estimate the number and value of cash transactions and to obtain information on consumers' payment behaviour. The results show that cash was the most used instrument, although alternative instruments and cards would be preferred if the method of payment could be selected without constraints. Cash was mainly used for low-value payments, whereas other instruments were used more frequently for higher value transactions. Daily payments were mainly made in cash, even when alternatives were available. The choice of payment instrument is more affected by the characteristics of the transaction than by socio-demographic factors: the significant use of cash is explained by the fact that only transactions at POS, where the value of payments is typically low, were recorded in the diaries.


Provide a high value sports today cannot be conceived without a rationalization, standardization and optimization of the entire training process corresponds to well-established requirements for each level of training. Using methodological and practical structures in preparation, with the imprint of our contribution to improving the content and effectiveness of the methodology used, will increase the level of training junior swimmers. The subjects investigated. The lot was composed of 24 junior swimmers belonging Emil Racoviþa School Sports Club. Develop a physical training program that can determine success in high performance butterfly process. In the literature of swimming I met few works that relate directly to issues of theoretical and practical on the subject. The entire study demonstrated certain progress of the experiment group in front of the control group due to the independent variable of our research. Keywords: junior swimmers, optimizing physical training


Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) principles save lives on the battlefield but tend to stress established military medical training structures because of the need to train the entire force, thereby encouraging new large-scale computer-based training methods such as serious games. Since improper training would cause avoidable casualty deaths, important experimental efforts have been made to ensure the validity and reliability of these new methods and of their components. This survey of validation efforts attempts to identify best practice, challenges and limitations for proper design and rigorous validation of TCCC serious games and their virtual casualty pathophysiological simulation components, guided by the hippocratical requirement that new TCCC training methods must be more effective and reliable than traditional ones, in order for their large-scale use to be ethically acceptable (first, do no harm). TCCC serious game validation solutions are then deduced to guide our own TCCC serious game demonstrator design.


This work describes basic ideas of lightweight graph visualization system developed in Riga Technical University. Comparison of according existing freeware and shareware solutions is being made. Overall proposed software architecture at high abstraction level is presented along with details of implementation of its mechanisms. This work includes aspects of optimization of force-based graph layout algorithm; description of useful visualization techniques (such as projective shadows, visual data clustering that might be useful in design and analysis routines, etc.). Described ideas were implemented and verified by visualization of large graphs in original lightweight software 3DIIVE. Conclusions about achieved results are also presented.


Lung cancer is mostly common occurring oncological disease in the developed countries. Currently lung cancers are subdivided into nonsmall-cell (adenocarcinoma, large-cell, squamous cell) and small-cell. The difference in the clinical and morphological picture leads to the necessity of choosing therapeutic approaches to patients of various groups. Lung cancer should be referred to encephalotropic diseases since metastatic lesion of the central nervous system is sufficiently common complication. Successes of complex treatment of primary tumor result in increase of total longlivety currently ther is ageing of patients suffering lung cancer. These factors increase the risk of metastatic lesions of the brain. Interest to the problem of neurosurgical treatment of patients suffering lung cancer is determined by frequency of lesion, varicosity of morphological variants of the disease, requiring various algorithms of treatment and diagnosis. The main role of neurosurgical intervention in cerebral metastases of lung cancer consist in creation of the paled of carrying out combined therapy. Ideally, a neurosurgical operation should be carried out with clearcut observance of oncological principles of ablasty. Adequate comprehensive approach to treatment or patients with cerebral metastases of various forms of lung cancer with the developed of optimal tactics of and stages of treatment would make it possible to increase duration and quality of life of patients.


According to complexity and diversity of information from heterogeneous multisensor,this paper analyzes character spaces of objects consisting of these information and gives a uniform description of multisource information;Based on Kalman filtering,this paper presents a data fusion algorithm to multisource and heterogeneous information.


The current ICRP model of the gastrointestinal tract is described in Publication 30 as a four-compartment model, including the stomach (ST), small intestine (SI), upper large intestine (ULI) and the lower large intestine (LLI) and allows only absorption to the body fluids from the SI. This model is intended for a reference man which is a 70 kg healthy adult Caucasian male and does not allow for variation of conditions such as age, gender, the element considered and its physical and chemical form. On the other hand, it has become more important to assess realistic doses to the GI tract because explicit weighting factors have been assigned to the oesophagus, the stomach and the colon in ICRP Publication 60. This paper shows an expanded GI tract model based on published information, including nine compartments. The mouth and oesophagus as a part of the ingestion pathway are included and the different radiation sensitive cells of the SI are taken into account. In addition, the absorption of the liquid phase of elements into the blood and the transport of solid phase into the lymphatic system as well as the excretion pathway through the colon is described more accurately by additional compartments.


Simulink-based dynamic simulation models for hydrogenerating units are developed by the modularization method,including hydraulic turbines and conduit system.Through a comparison of simulation results and field tests,two types of models of hydroturbine regulating systems are established for simulation of large and small fluctuation transition processes.The simulation models are validated,and the superiority of modularized modeling in the simulation for hydropower stations is shown.


This paper focuses on the K-12 educational activities of COSMOS- C loud enhanced O pen S oftware defined MO bile wireless testbed for city- S cale deployment. The COSMOS...


ABSTRACT: Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by at least two families of transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs). Induction of PPARγ gene transcription during the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes in vitro occurs following an initial phase of cell proliferation and requires a direct involvement of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and glucocorticoids. Ectopic expression of PPARγ in non‐adipogenic, Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts promotes their conversion into adipocytes as indicated by the accumulation of lipid droplets and the induction of C/EBPα, aP2, insulin‐responsive aminopeptidase (IRAP), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression. These PPARγ‐expressing Swiss cells also exhibit a high level of insulin‐responsive glucose uptake that is comparable to that expressed in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. In contrast, PPARγ‐expressing NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts, despite similar lipid accumulation, adipocyte morphology, and aP2 expression, do not synthesize C/EBPα and fail to acquire insulin sensitivity. In Swiss 3T3 cells ectopically expressing PPARγ, the development of insulin‐responsive glucose uptake correlates with C/EBPα expression. Furthermore, ectopic expression of C/EBPα in NIH‐3T3 cells induces PPARγ expression and adipogenesis, but also restores insulin‐sensitive glucose transport. These results suggest that although PPARγ is sufficient to trigger the adipogenic program, C/EBPα is required for establishment of insulin‐sensitive glucose transport in adipocytes.


C26H18I2N2Pd, triclinic, P1 (no. 2), a =8 .9178(6) A, b =9 .0367(7) A, c =9 .2046(7) A, + =1 14.320(1)°, * =1 14.577(1)°, & =9 6.967(1)°, V =5 75.2 A 3 , Z =1 , Rgt(F) =0 .023, wRref(F 2 ) =0 .064, T =2 00 K. Source of material To as uspension of PdI2 (0.2030 g, 0.564 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml) and dimethyl sulfoxide (20 ml) was added acridine (acr ,0 .2337 g, 1.304 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed at 150 °Cf or 2h .A fter cooling to room temparature, the solvent was removed under vacuum, the residue was washed with H2 Oa nd EtOH, and dried at 50 °C, to give ad ark brown powder (0.2704 g). Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis were obtained by slow evaporation from ad imethyl sulfoxide solution at 80 °C.


PLAN FOR THE BOOK The handbook will cover how psychological ideas have evolved from past to present. The book will be organized much as an introductory-psychology text is, except that the goal of each chapter will be not merely to present the most recent theory and research, but rather the intellectual history of this theory and research. The book will be an intellectual history of psychology, but whereas textbooks on the history of psychology are virtually all organized chronologically, with successive chapters covering the history of ideas in all of the fields combined at different times in the past, our volume will be organized topically, with history reviewed for each of the major topics of investigation in psychology. We believe the topical organization has a large advantage over a strictly chronological one, in that fields have evolved differently, and when one does a strictly chronological book, progress in each given field tends to be given short shrift in favor of generalities. Obviously, there is no one "right" way to organize an intellectual history, but we believe that our topical approach will provide readers with the most scholarly, comprehensive, and useful history of the field. For better or worse (and we believe, for worse), students of psychology are learning less and less history of their field. The senior editor has authored several textbooks, and when he gets back reviews, the tendency almost always is for referees to recommend that historical material be cut back or even dropped. They may be responding to student preferences or their own ideas about pedagogy, but one scarcely can understand the present if one does not understand the past. George Santayana's statement, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it," applies equally well to the history of ideas as to the history of political and economic institutions. We believe that the subject matter of psychology demands historical scrutiny. The history of psychology allows us to see how psychological knowledge has been created and what role it has played in what people say and believe about being human, whether the topic is how they think, feel, or interact with each other.


In spacecraft design, many specialized state-of-the-art design tools are employed to optimize the performance of various subsystems. However, there is no structured system-level concept-definition process. Consequently, designers usually compromise some mission goals to satisfy only one of the primary design objectives. The conceptual stage of the spacecraft design process is formulated into a multi-objective discrete optimization problem. The use of multi-objective design allows the designer to evaluate different design alternatives across the whole set of design objectives. This work addresses two key design objectives for the spacecraft design process: the minimization of total launch mass and the maximization of spacecraft overall reliability. To predict values for the objective and constraint functions, a satellite design tool, which includes a satellite sizing model and a deterministic reliability model, was built and integrated with a genetic algorithm that employs a two-branch tournament to address the dual objective problem. The multi-objective approach was successful in determining sets of discrete design parameters that would minimize the launch mass as well as maximize the reliability of a geostationary communication satellite, using specified payload requirements. The designs generated by this approach appear to fall into three regions of the tradeoff space between the satellite launch mass and the satellite reliability objectives.


This paper makes empirical analysis on the impacts of trade volatility on China's economic growth by using the VAR model.The findings show that trade volatility can contribute to volatility of China' s economic growth to certain extent,but this contribution is quite limited,since it can only explain 10% of it.Therefore,this paper argues that it is biased and wrong to think China 's open economy is fragile only because of temporary"trade collapse"under crisis shocks,and to exaggerate the risks trade volatility may bring to economic growth.During post-crisis era,we should still persist in developing open economy to promote China's economic development together with balanced economic development among different regions in China.


High resolution X-ray structure analyses and electronic structure calculation revealed the condition for the charge ordering(CO) observed in the (TMTTF) 2 X (Fabre) salts. The phase diagram of the electronic states including 2k F and 4k F CO has been proposed associated with magnitudes of molecular dimerization and tetramerization.


A 61-year-old female was evaluated for palpitations and found on transthoracic echocardiography to have a 15-mm mobile mass attached to the anterolateral wall of the left ventricle (LV) in proximity to the papillary muscle without any valvular abnormalities (Fig. 1). These findings were confirmed by multicenter computed tomography (Figs. 2 and 3). At the time of surgery via a mediansternotomy and following cardioplegic arrest, a transverse aortotomy was performed, the aortic valve leaflets were retracted, and a 15 × 4-mm LV mass was excised (Fig. 4). The cross clamp time was 25 min and the time on bypass was 50 min. The histopathology revealed vascular proliferation consistent with a mixed cavernous hemangioma (Fig. 5). The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and an echo obtained 5 years later showed no evidence of recurrent tumor (Fig. 6).


The local Kramers–Kronig (KK) relations are the differential form approximations of the general KK integral equations linking the damping properties (loss modulus or loss factor) and dynamic modulus of elasticity (shear, bulk, etc.) of linear solid viscoelastic materials. The local KK relations are not exact; therefore, their accuracy is known to depend on the rate of frequency variations of material dynamic properties. The accuracy of the local KK relations is investigated in this paper under the assumption that the frequency dependence of the loss modulus obeys a simple power law. It is shown by analytic calculations that the accuracy of prediction of the local KK relations is better than 10% if the exponent in the loss modulus-frequency function is smaller than 0.35. This conclusion supports the result of an earlier numerical study. Some experimental data verifying the theoretical results will be presented. The conclusions drawn in the paper can easily be extended to acoustic wave propagation, namely t...


The statistical procedure of path analysis combined with stepwise regression was used to trace the principal characters which affect the grain yield per plant (GYP) and protein content (PC) in barley grain,and the effectof various characters on gum content(GC) and starch content (SC) was analysed,then the correlation between the quality and agronomic characters was investi- gated.The results showed:1 The principal characters for the high yield genotypes in all barley types were grains perplantand weightof grains,the key of high-yield breeding was to break nega- tive correlation;2 The principal character to affect PC was total content of all amino acids (TAA) ,and the principal character to affect TAA was plutamic acid content,followed by other amino acids content;3 No significantpartial correlation between quality and agronomic characters in barley germplasm had been found in mostcases.


This study determined the effect of a sound field amplification system on teacher movement in physical education (PE) settings. Two middle school PE teachers instructing coeducational PE classes were used as the subjects. This investigation used a multiple-baseline single-case design across subjects. The treatment (independent variable) was the teacher using a portable sound field amplification system. The results indicated consistency in the increase of teacher movement for all classes when amplified feedback was implemented, which suggests that the treatment was effective. Subscribe to TPE


Objective:To evaluate three imaging methods in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis.Methods:Chest film,conventional CT scanning,High Resolution Computerized Tomography scanning were goten in 21 patients with clinically-suspected bronchiectasis.Analysed the sensitivity and specificity of different imaging methods with each other.Results:The sensitivity and specificity of HRCT for bronchiectasis was 95% and 98%.Conclusion:HRCT is superior to other two imaging methods in diagnosing bronchiectasis.It should be considered as the first choice for clinically-suspected bronchiercasis patients.


We examine the peculiar velocity distribution function of galaxies in cosmological many-body gravitational clustering. Our statistical mechanical approach derives a previous basic assumption and generalizes earlier results to galaxies with halos. Comparison with the observed peculiar velocity distributions indicates that individual massive galaxies are usually surrounded by their own halos, rather than being embedded in common halos. We then derive the density of energy states, giving the probability that a randomly chosen configuration of N galaxies in space is bound and virialized. Gravitational clustering is very efficient. The results agree well with the observed probabilities for finding nearby groups containing N galaxies. A consequence is that our local relatively low-mass group is quite typical, and the observed small departures from the local Hubble flow beyond our group are highly probable.


More and more scholars have realized the great value of Guo Mo-ruo studies which have achieved so many good results in the past century.In this article,basing on a vast amount of detail and accurate information,the authors undertake a systematic and all-round critical review of Guo Mo-ruo studies in the 20th contury in the following aspects:poetry studies,historical play studies,thought on art and literature studies,ideas guiding literary creation studies,etc.While revealing the great value of the studies fully,the article points out the deficiency and imperfection.Lastly,the article foretells the developmental tendency of Guo Mo-ruo studies in the future.


Power consumption of system-level on-chip communications is becoming more significant in the overall system-on-chip (SoC) power as technology scales down. In this paper, we propose a low power design technique of gated bus which can greatly reduce power consumption on state-of-the-art bus architectures. By adding demultiplxers and adopting a novel shortest-path Steiner graph, we achieve a flexible tradeoff between large power reduction versus small wirelength increment. According to our experiments, using the gated bus we can reduce on average 93.2% of wire capacitance per transaction, nearly half of bus dynamic power and on a scale of 5%∼10% of total system power.


This paper uses a battery of calibrated and estimated structural models to determine the causal drivers of the negative correlation between output and aggregate uncertainty. We find the transmission of uncertainty shocks to output is weak, while aggregate uncertainty endogenously responds to first moment shocks in the presence of labor market search frictions. This indicates that countercyclical movements in aggregate uncertainty are endogenous responses to changes in output, rather than exogenous impulses. A vector autoregression on simulated data shows recursive identification techniques do not robustly identify structural uncertainty shocks.


The utility model discloses an electric heating cooker, which comprises a heating body, a main control module, a storage module and a control command input part. The main control module is electrically connected with the heating body, the storage module and the control command input part, wherein the control command input part is used for sending out control commands to the main control module; the storage module is used for storing heating power information and heating time information for the cooker in a self-defined setting mode, so as to call in heating next time; and the main control module is used for receiving control signals from the control command input part, calling the heating power information and the heating time information stored in the storage module in a self-defined heating mode, and then controlling the heating parameters of the heating body. During the process of cooking, users can heat food more conveniently, and personalized settings can be realized, so that the electric heating cooker is more convenient to use.


An improved railcar is pulled by a machine to transport coal or other porous substances dust-prone. The carriage comprises opposed long side walls and opposing shorter end walls which together define an initially open interior, a bottom and an open top. The open upper part of the car is covered with at least one pair of main doors in the form of opposing hinged triangular frame portions, between a closed transport position and an open loading position that exposes the interior of the rail car for loading, pivotable. The frame sections also have longitudinally spaced-apart edges which are spaced apart to form a clean-out door opening. A clean-out door is located in each discharge door opening and is pivoted in the respective door opening, so that it opens under the influence of gravity in a Kreiselkipp-operation. The discharge doors form a door-to-door-operating configuration together with the A-frame sections.


The JWST optical performance verification poses challenges not yet encountered in space based telescopes. The deployable, segmented Primary Mirror and Secondary Mirror require re-alignment after launch rendering ground alignment states moot. The architecture of JWST was designed to accommodate these difficulties by including active positioning of the Secondary Mirror and the Primary Mirror Segments. In fact, the requirements are written such that the active control system shall be used to meet the requirements. Therefore many of the optical requirements are necessarily based on modeling and simulations of the post-launch, re-alignment of the telescope. This paper provide an overview of a process of computer simulation using an end-to-end integrated model that is used to statistically evaluate the on-orbit, re-alignment performance based on the uncertainties in the integration and test program and deployments.


A distributed control system is designed for plasma spraying equipment and the configurations of system's software and hardware are discussed. Through founding an expert database, the spraying process parameters are worked out and the initialization and control of spraying process parameter are realized. The plasma spraying system with this control configuration can simplify the spraying operation, improve automatization level of spray process, and approach the experience criterion as soon as possible.


A case history is presented which suggests that acetazolamide (Diamox®), here used in the treatment of glaucoma, elevated the convulsive threshold of a patient being treated with electroshock therapy for a psychotic depression. The anticonvulsant property of this drug should not be overlooked when considering a patient for electroconvulsive therapy.


You could think of Canada's regional health authorities as a fleet of cars: They vary in size, they vary in power and you can't tell what they're really made of until you pop the hood and take a look inside. Except for Alberta and Prince Edward Island, which have abandoned regional models, all


Most radiation treatments for curing cancer are completely non invasive. Usually patients will undergo radiation treatment to relieve symptoms and pain. The research focuses the various processes involved in generating photo neutron spectrum and dose proceeding from accelerator for treatment. The electrons are stimulated to high energies through a linear tube. These high-energy electron beams similarly treats shallow malignant growths. It tends to strike an objective to create x-ray beams for deep-seated tumor treatments. Hydrogen thyratrons are the direct current power supply for the modulator that has a pulse-forming network with switch tube. This results in a flat-topped high voltage pulse from the modulator area to DC pulse for a few microseconds of the period.Photo neutron spectrum and dose calculated. 15 MV lead to photo neutron production from many of the elements including Tungsten, Lead, Tantalum Nitrogen, Phosphorus and so on. Particularly 207Pb has photo neutron threshold as low as 6.74 MeV and 182W has threshold 8.04 MeV. Moreover, Nitrogen and Phosphorus have a lesser threshold for photo-proton emission at 7.55 MeV and 7.3 MeV respectively. Considering the radiation-weighting factor for neutrons, it is obvious that, the neutron dose considered in the treatment planning process, and we have to incorporate some mechanism in the radiotherapy treatment delivery for neutron free photons.


BACKGROUND: The industrial application of ionic liquids (ILs) can induce the generation of wastewater and their release into the aquatic media ILs can be efficiently removed by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which are expensive to implement An alternative, using solar photocatalysis and biological degradation in combination, was used here to remove 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HmimCl) and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride (BmpyrCl) The chemical pretreatment allowed the ILs to be converted into by-products for easier biodegradation in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) RESULTS: Photocatalytic degradation, using 0 25 g TiO2 L−1 and 600 W m−2 solar radiation for 24 h, allowed a complete ILs removal and a partial mineralization of the organic matter, 28% for Bmpyr+ and 35% for Hmim+ A degradation pathway based on the by-products identified was proposed for each IL The reaction effluents were submitted to a biological treatment in an SBR, using organic loading rates of 0 18–0 2 kg COD kg−1 VSS d−1 and a biomass concentration of 3 5 g VSS L−1 in 8 h cycles The combined treatment allowed highly efficient removal of organic matter [total organic carbon (TOC) conversion exceeded 75% for HmimCl and 78% for BmpyrCl] CONCLUSION: Solar photocatalytic oxidation efficiently removed ILs and produced more biodegradable and less ecotoxic effluents Biological oxidation increased TOC and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal to more than 75% for the overall treatment Combining solar photocatalysis and biological degradation therefore provided an effective system for IL removal © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry


This report discusses monetary policy, which can also be defined in terms of the directives, policies, statements, and actions of the Federal Reserve, particularly those from its Board of Governors that have an effect on aggregate demand or national spending.


Introduction: Uncontrolled glycemia is a well-recognized predictor of severity and deaths in previous respiratory viral outbreaks. We aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical course of patients with diabetes admitted with COVID-19 infection at a tertiary care center in the Emirate of Dubai, UAE, and assess the impact of hyperglycemia on the clinical outcomes. Methods: This study is a single-center, observational, retrospective chart review of 250 cases during the months of March to May 2020. Results: Among the 250 cases studied, 235 (94%) were male. The mean age of the study group was 49.6 ± 10.4 years, with an age range of 21–78 years. Diabetes was previously known in 166 (66.4%) of the patients. The mortality (p = 0.03) and requirement for mechanical ventilation (p = 0.02) were higher for the cases with newly diagnosed diabetes when compared to those with pre-existing diabetes. Conclusion: Uncontrolled hyperglycemia adversely affects patients with COVID-19 infection. Newly diagnosed and previously undiagnosed hyperglycemia poses an added risk for complications. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, optimizing glycemia in hospitalized patients is of paramount importance and screening to detect undiagnosed cases of diabetes may be particularly relevant.


The goal of position-based cryptography is for an honest party to use her spatio-temporal position as her only credential in a cryptographic protocol. In particular, Position-Verification aims at verifying that a certain party, called the prover, holds a given position in spacetime. Such a protocol typically goes as follows: a set of verifiers will coordinate and send some challenge to the prover, and it is expected that only someone sitting in the supposed position of the prover can successfully pass the challenge. Two papers established that information theoretic security is not possible for Position-Based Quantum Cryptography (PBQC) protocols: neither in the classical [1], nor in the quantum [2] regime. More precisely, it is always possible for a coalition of adversaries to convince the verifiers, even if none of the adversary sits in the spatiotemporal region where the prover is supposed to be. At the same time, the best known attack strategies require the adversaries to share very entangled states: the attacks described in [2] are based on Vaidman's protocol for nonlocal computation [3] and consist in the cheaters teleporting some quantum state back and forth, with a total cost in terms of required EPR pairs that scales double exponentially in n, the number of qubits involved in the PBQC protocol. Later, new generic attacks based on port-based teleportation[4] were proposed and require only exponential entanglement to succeed [5]. Finally, it is also know that a linear amount of entanglement is not su cient to break the PBQC protocol [5], [6]. A major open question in the field is to bridge the gap between lower and upper bounds: does there exist a protocol that requires exponentially many EPR pairs to break, or are all PBQC protocols insecure against a coalition of adversaries that shares polynomially many EPR pairs? While we do not settle this question in the present paper, we make some progress towards it by exhibiting new attack strategies with polynomial complexity against a large family of practical protocols. These attacks rely on teleportation gates and their precise complexity can be quantified with the notion of Cli↵ord hierarchy [7] of a quantum gate. We then introduce a new family of protocols, that generalizes a construction by Lau and Lo [8], which appears to be immune against these polynomialcomplexity attacks. Another main challenge is to determine whether there exist some PBQC protocol resistant to channel imperfections, either losses or noise, between the verifiers and


Because of the large statistical complexity of the traffic in communication networks, connection admission controls (CAC) often use only crude initial estimates of the required bandwidth for variable bit-rate connections. This is one reason why on-line measurements of the existing network traffic have been proposed. The well-known effective bandwidth formulation or recent worst case bounds could be used by CAC. On-line methods of estimating the received quality-of-serve of connections from `feasible statistics' could be used to modify the bandwidth allotment of such connections. Such bandwidth modifications occur at a time- scale between those of the packet level and connection (i.e., CAC) level.


amyloid enriched fraction was run on a tricine gel and transferred to a PVDF membrane (Immobilon, Millipore Corp). The AP protein band was excised, reduced with dithiothreitol, and subject to cyanogen bromide cleavage, which is predicted to cleave the methionine at position 35 of AP. Nterminal sequence analysis was performed on a 477A sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City). The following sequences were obtained: VGGVVIA(m) and DAEFRHDSGYEVHIIQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGA, corresponding to Ap36-42(43, 44) and Apl-30. In addition, a minor sequence began with alanine at residue 2 of AP. The yield for threonine and valine at AP residues 43 and 44 was very low, indicating that the majority of AP ended at position 42. This finding indicates that neuritic plaque arnyloid from this familial A D case has the same major sequence as that of sporadic AD, although the carboxyl terminus is slightly more heterogeneous and elongated. This is in agreement with a paper stating that plaque amyloid from two families with different PPP7," mutations at codon 717 is predominantly 42 amino acids long (51. Therefore, these mutations do not influence the amino acid sequence of AP. These cases suggest that in familial A D patients both with known PPP mutations and without, the major cleavage sites on PPP that produce AP are the same as in sporadic cases.


We report the discovery of five new transiting hot-Jupiter planets discovered by the HATSouth survey, HATS-31b through HATS-35b. These planets orbit moderately bright stars with V magnitudes within the range of – mag while the planets span a range of masses of – and have somewhat inflated radii between and . These planets can be classified as typical hot Jupiters, with HATS-31b and HATS-35b being moderately inflated gas giant planets with radii of and , respectively, that can be used to constrain inflation mechanisms. All five systems present a higher Bayesian evidence for a fixed-circular-orbit model than for an eccentric orbit. The orbital periods range from day for HATS-35b) to day for HATS-31b. Additionally, HATS-35b orbits a relatively young F star with an age of Gyr. We discuss the analysis to derive the properties of these systems and compare them in the context of the sample of well-characterized transiting hot Jupiters known to date.


With a growing demand for Japanese language courses at secondary schools, satellite language programs have become a solution to the shortage of qualified classroom teachers In the disrance learning Japanese classes of the high school where our research was conducted, various aspects of the teacher's role in traditional Foreign language classes were divided and handled by different people. This article examines the role of the facilitator in distance learning classes by analyzing the mechanism of distance teaching and describing students' perceptions of the teacher and their classroom interaction. It argues that the classroom Facilitator's function to mediate betwen the remote teacher and the learner is a key Factor in the successful operation of distance learning language classes.


Packed full of interesting, challenging and well-written material, this book will undoubtedly gather grateful fans who will repeatedly dip into the treasure trove of content.


Results: In total, 370 responses were received from authors and 48 from professionals. Although 85% of authors and 54% of professionals would consider submitting a video only a few actually have (11% of authors versus 12.5% of professionals). The main benefit was perceived to be increased reach of the results (73% of authors versus 48% of professionals) and the main barrier was logistics for 45% of authors and cost for 40% of professionals. In open responses, authors said that videos are a good way to show/explain data and that they would be encouraged to submit video abstracts if they had access to a video creation toolkit. Open responses from professionals typically emphasized the importance of demonstrating return on investment.


A description of the gift to King's College Cambridge of the books of Provost George Thackeray (1777-1850) and the College's attitude towards it.


In the present paper, the effect of solar radiation on automobiles has been studied by both experimentally and numerically. The numerical solution is done by an operation friendly and fast CFD code – SC/Tetra with a full scale model of a SM3 car and turbulence is modeled by the standard k-ε equation. Numerical analysis of the three-dimensional model predicts a detailed description of fluid flow and temperature distribution in the passenger compartment during both the natural convection due to the incoming solar radiation and mixed convection due to the flow from defrost nozzle and radiation. It can be seen that solar radiation is an important parameter to raise the compartment temperature above the ambient temperature during summer. During natural convection, the rate of heat transfer is fast at the initial period. In the mixed convection analyses, it is found that the temperature drops down to a comfortable range almost linearly at the initial stage. Experimental investigations are performed to determine the temperature contour on the windshield and the local temperature at a particular point for further validation of the numerical results.


A new adaptive vector median filtering scheme taking the advantage of the optimal filtering situation and the robust order-statistic theory, is provided. An adaptive control is based on the set of ...


The paper presents a novel approach for rate‐independent single crystal plasticity based on the Infeasible Primal‐Dual Interior Point Method in a small strain framework. Therein, the principle of maximum dissipation together with the yield functions on the slip systems in the crystal are considered as the constrained optimization problem. The constraint conditions adapted using slack variables and a Lagrangian is formulated using barrier functions. The equations are linearized and solved using Newton's method. Numerical examples are presented for slip on the individual slip systems in a single crystal under global rotation.


The vortex generated in the gas–liquid interface may appear in the propagation path, and shows severe disturbance to light propagation, thus affects the final imaging. In this Letter, the influence from the vortex on underwater ghost imaging is investigated experimentally. We find a counter-intuitive phenomenon that imaging quality becomes worse when the vortex is close to the imaging target, which is absolutely different from the typical channel disturbances, such as atmospheric turbulence and scattering. This phenomenon can be explained by the influence mechanism of speckle variation and the effective data distribution on the bucket detector. Meanwhile, a modified imaging method based on the effective bucket samples is proposed to enhance imaging quality and verified in experiment.


This paper presents design, simulation, fabrication and experimental characterization of the platinum micro-heater elements built on alumina substrate. Micro-heaters are designed for application where the device has to be heated up to 700 °C in less than a 200 ms. Choosing the proper combination of electrical, thermal and mechanical characteristics of thick film heating resistor, glass layer and substrate, as well as geometrical parameters of heating element is crucial for proper heat transfer and performance of the device. These parameters have been taken into account during predetermination of the micro-heaters behavior by means of finite element analyses (FEA) using COMSOL 4.2. Preliminary experimental tests have been conducted in stationary regime using InfraTec ImageIR 8300 thermography system. Simulation and experimental results are compared in order to prove capability of FEA for the design process.


Tree elastic parameters necessary for Gassman fluid replacement modeling, namely the velocity of the pressure wave (Vp), velocity of the shear wave (Vs) and bulk density (Rhob). These can be estimated from seismic data through inversion, using direct wireline log measurements or by conducting laboratory measurements on dry cores using ultra sonic frequencies. Whereas the three elastic parameters are measured directly on cores and in wells, seismic is unique in the sense that we can most accurately invert for acoustic impedance (Z-p) and with 4-C seismic also quite accurately estimate gamma, or Vp/Vs ratio, for a sufficiently thick reservoir interval.


In this article we characterize and analyze the first results of a work proposal that we have called "Project teachers-tutors" implemented from the year 2014 in the framework of teaching practices of the students of History at the Faculty of Human Sciences at the Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. This experience has attempted to provide some answers to a number of concerns and demands posed by advanced students, graduates and teachers around the characteristics of the initial training in general and of the pedagogical area in particular. It should be noted that the design and implementation of the project has been nourished by the inputs and the experiences of other professors in our faculty and related careers in different universities all over the country.


Drawing upon the results of 26,659 face-to-face interviews in the 27 member states of the European Union (EU-27), the aim of this paper is to evaluate its varying magnitude and whether such work is mostly wage-based (of an envelope wage or undeclared variety) or own-account work (of a market-oriented or solidarity-oriented variety). The finding is that in 'welfare capitalist' work and welfare regimes, which are more equal (measured by the gini coefficient) pursue more extensive labour market interventions, have higher levels of social protection and greater state redistribution, undeclared economies are smaller and are composed mostly of solidarity-oriented own-account work. Meanwhile, in 'neo-liberal' regimes which are more unequal, with less labour market intervention, social protection and redistribution via social transfers, undeclared economies are larger and are composed largely of envelope wage arrangements. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications.


A review of the literature indicates compelling evidence that: (1) loss of ROH from esters requires protonation of the alkoxy oxygen; (2) the (symmetry forbidden) [1,3] hydrogen migration from protonated carbonyl to alkoxy oxygen does not occur in the mass spectra of esters; (3) hydrogen abstraction in esters occurs almost exclusively to the carbonyl oxygen. Mechanisms are proposed which account for all examples of ROH loss from esters. Alkanol loss from molecular ions in esters requires the presence of a second functional group to act as an intramolecular catalyst, either as a general acid in transferring a proton to the alkoxy oxygen, or as a general base in assisting the [1,3] carbonyl oxygen to alkoxy oxygen proton transfer. Loss of ROH from fragment ions requires proton transfer from an atom α to the positive charge to the alkoxy oxygen. These mechanisms are generalized to include a wide class of bifunctional esters and a selection of natural products.


Window opening behavior and thermal comfort were monitored in relation to the thermal environment over a 4 year period in the living rooms and the bedrooms of dwellings in the Kanto region of Japan. 36 144 sets of physical and subjective data were collected from 243 residents of 120 dwellings. This paper explores relationships between the different variables in the data. The likelihood of windows being open depended on the three modes of operation of the dwelling, free running (FR), heating (HT) or cooling (CL). In the FR mode, the likelihood was much higher than in either the CL or the HT modes. The likelihood that a window is open correlated well with both indoor temperature and outdoor air temperature in the FR Mode. The indoor comfort temperature correlated well with the running mean of the outdoor temperature. Window opening behavior as predicted by logistic regression analysis is in agreement with the measured data. The deadband of window opening was narrower, and the constraint on window opening was smaller than had previously been found in studies in office buildings. Equations are given to quantify these relations and to enable window opening and comfort temperature to be predicted from outdoor temperature.


The LTF is involved in mediating sympathetic responses to activation of baroreceptor, arterial chemoreceptor, and vagal afferents but not trigeminal or sciatic afferents (Orer et al, Am J Physiol 286: R451‐64, 2004). In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the LTF is an element of the sympatho‐sympathetic reflex pathway. We studied the effects of blockade of NMDA or non‐NMDA receptors bilaterally in the LTF on the area under the curve of the computer‐averaged SE potential in the right inferior cardiac nerve elicited by trains of stimuli applied at 0.5 Hz to afferents in left inferior cardiac and splanchnic nerves (lCN, lSN) of Dial‐urethane anesthetized cats. SE responses to lCN stimulation were unchanged by microinjection of either D‐AP5 (101±5% of control; n = 5) or NBQX (98±8% of control; n = 5). Responses to lSN stimulation were similarly unaffected: 92 ± 4 (n = 6) and 90 ± 5 (n = 4) % of control after D‐AP5 and NBQX. Thus, LTF is not a part of these reflex pathways. However, microinjection of NBQX into RVLM significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced SE responses to stimulation of lCN (37± 11% of control; n = 6) and lSN (35 ± 11 % of control; n = 5). D‐AP5 microinjection into RVLM did not significantly effect SE responses to stimulation of lCN or lSN (79 ± 13 and 72 ± 17 % of control; n = 5 each). These data show that activation of non‐NMDA receptors in RVLM contribute to SE responses to activation of sympathetic afferents. (Supported by HL33266)


study the properties of G. P. for the change of a parameter where Ra: radius of ellipsoid of deformed zones parallel to the rolling and radius parallel to the rolling plane and to the rolling of zones of various sizes, which were formed in the quenched Al-30wt% under different annealing wasmeasured by the small angle scattering effects of The results obtained were as follows: the These facts show that the zones must be one of the main causes of low temperature age hardening.


The secure messaging space is alive with new innovations that are moving the industry forward. Key in this space is the push toward moving secure messaging to the cloud and pushing it out to mobile devices. Among the examples are solutions that allow physicians to receive encrypted email on mobile devices, as well as ones that allow doctors to securely text-message each other to coordinate care. However, the security issues around these emerging technologies in this very active space must be further explored.


The study is mainly intended to assess and evaluate the water budget in the eastern basin at 1 km resolution, through a comprehensive model of the eastern aquifer by estimating the evapotranspiration (evaporation and transpiration), surface runoff and groundwater recharge in the targeted aquifer for the period (1950-2000). A spatial modelling approach and geographical information systems (ArcGIS) specialist was used to evaluate and estimate the water budget for the 50 years period (1950-2000). Hydro-meteorological data for the 50 years period were used to drive precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, evapotranspiration, runoff spatial grids, and ground water recharge along with an summed minor losses were integrated by GIS spatial interpolation. The results of this study show that the average annual ground water recharge for the 50 years period in the study area is almost 200 millions of cubic metres (MCM) per year. A variation was found in the recharge values from the eastern slopes till the central highlands in the West Bank, this variation is due to the variation in temperature and precipitation in the targeted area.


A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is an acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. All mineral acids form hydrogen ions and the conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. Commonly used mineral acids are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid (they are also known as bench acids). These mineral acids range from acids of great strength (sulfuric acid) to very weak (boric acid). These have tendency to be very soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. These are used in many sectors of the chemical industry as feed stocks for the synthesis of other chemicals, both organic and inorganic. Large quantities of these acids – especially sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid – are manufactured for commercial use in large plants. These acids are also used directly for their corrosive properties. For example, a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid is used for removing the deposits from the inside of boilers, with precautions taken to prevent the corrosion of the boiler by the acid. This process is known as descaling. Examples of mineral acids: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (HNO 3 ), Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), Boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), Hydrofluoric acid (HF), Hydrobromic acid (HBr), Perchloric acid (HClO 4 ) and Hydroiodic acid (HI).


To extend KrF lithography below the 180nm SIA design rule node in manufacturing, an advanced DUV step and scan system utilizing a lens with an NA up to 0.7 will be required to provide sufficient process latitude. Towards the SIA's 150nm design rule node, manufacturing challenges for 248nm lithography include contact hole printing, iso-dense bias control and adequate across the field CD uniformity. All will benefit from higher NA lenses. In the paper, result obtained on a PAS 5500/700B DUV Step and Scan system are presented. The system design is based on the PAS 5500/500 with a new 0.7NA Starlith lens, AERIAL II illuminator and ATHENA advanced alignment system. Imaging of dense and isolated lines at 180nm, 150nm and below as well as 180nm and 160nm contact holes is shown. In addition to imaging performance, image plane deviation, system distortion fingerprints, single-machine overlay and multiple-machine matching results are shown. Using the ATHENA alignment system, alignment reproducibility as well as overlay result on CMP wafers will be shown. It is concluded that this exposure tool is capable of delivering imaging and overlay performance required for mass production at the 150nm design rule node, with potential for R and D applications beyond.


Traffic congestion has become a problem in the central business district of Akure. These roads during peak periods have defied measures to alleviate such congestion, leading to poor mobility and economic losses in form of costs of fuel, oil, as well as time cost of road users. The field survey was conducted on two major roads in the Central Business District (CBD) namely Oba Adesida and Arakale roads while considering the two directions along each route namely directions A and B, C and D respectively. Traffic parameters such as flow rate, speed and density were analyzed from the traffic data collected from each route along each direction. The field survey was carried out for a week (from Monday to Sunday) during the peak periods.ÂÂÂÂ The speed along direction A of Oba Adesida road was low due to more vehicles traversing the route. However, the speed of vehicles along direction D of Arakale road was lower than that along direction C. The traffic parameters were plotted against each other for the four directions for the morning, afternoon and evening periods. The derived linear models (equations) along the four directions gave minimum speeds for morning, afternoon and evening of 33.64 km/hr, 33.65 km/hr and 30.71km/hr respectively along direction A and 30.94 km/hr, 31.80 km/hr and 31.88 km/hr respectively along direction B for Oba-Adesida road; 36.59 km/hr , 35.30 km/hr, 33.58 km/hr respectively along direction C and 35.25 km/hr, 34.75 km/hr and 34.07 km/hr respectively along direction D for Arakale road for no congestion to occur.


Abstract The article suggests that Religious Education, in practice and as a field, will benefit by exploring the history and practice of Religious Education in the Black church. Using examples from the history, curriculum, and process of Religious Education in the historic Black church, the article argues that the Black church offers a dynamic educational example for religion scholars and religious educators. The importance of reinvigorating Religious Education in the Black church is discussed and recommendations for future practice are made.


It is often useful, if not necessary, to reason about the syntactic structure of an expression in an interpreted language (i.e., a language with a semantics). This paper introduces a mathematical structure called a syntax framework that is intended to be an abstract model of a system for reasoning about the syntax of an interpreted language. Like many concrete systems for reasoning about syntax, a syntax framework contains a mapping of expressions in the interpreted language to syntactic values that represent the syntactic structures of the expressions; a language for reasoning about the syntactic values; a mechanism called quotation to refer to the syntactic value of an expression; and a mechanism called evaluation to refer to the value of the expression represented by a syntactic value. A syntax framework provides a basis for integrating reasoning about the syntax of the expressions with reasoning about what the expressions mean. The notion of a syntax framework is used to discuss how quotation and evaluation can be built into a language and to define what quasiquotation is. Several examples of syntax frameworks are presented.


Greeted with the exceptionally high expectation that it would usher in a new era in US-Africa policy, the Obama administrations first year in office promises greater continuity, as opposed to sea change to Bush era Africa policy. Apart from a slight change in rhetoric and tone, little points to substantive change in US relations to Africa. Given the Bush era's noteworthy contributions to public health and democracy promotion, building upon the status quo is not entirely amiss for the Obama administration. Yet, if the Obama administration is to stake a claim in history for its approach to Africa-substantive improvements to US security engagement with Africa, partnership with emerging powers on the African continent and innovations to US involvement with public health on the continent will be crucial.


Graphical Abstract Section Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1147 OXONE/SODIUM CHLORIDE: A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT CATALYTIC SYSTEM FOR THE OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS TO SYMMETRIC ESTERS AND KETONES Agnes Schulze, Georgia Pagona, and Athanassios Giannis Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1157 STEREOCONTROLLED TRANSFORMATIONS OF TRANS α,β‐AZIRIDINE ALDEHYDES TOWARD DIFFERENT AMINO HYDROXYLATED STRUCTURES Giuliana Righi,1 Simona Ciambrone,1 and Carlo Bonini2 1Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare‐Sezione di Roma, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università "La Sapienza," Roma, Italy 2Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1167 INFLUENCE OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF CHLOROHYDRIN ESTERS FROM 1,3‐BUTANEDIOL Jonh Jairo Méndez,1,3 Jordi Eras,1 Mercè Balcells,2 and Ramon Canela2 1Chemistry Department, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain 2Chemistry Department and Centre UdL‐IRTA, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain 3Chemistry Department, Tolima University, Colombia The influence of the carboxylic acid on the preparation of chlorohydrin esters using a one‐pot esterification–chlorination reaction, in which one of the reagents (chlorotrimethylsilane) acts as solvent, is described. The pKa of each acid has a clear influence on the regioisomeric rate. Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1177 FACILE AND VERSATILE ROUTE TO THE SYNTHESIS OF FUSED 2‐PYRIDONES: USEFUL INTERMEDIATES FOR POLYCYCLIC SYTEMS Barbara Cacciari1 and Giampiero Spalluto2 1Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy 2Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1185 FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ALKYLTHIO‐3‐ALKYL‐5‐PHENYLMETHYLIDENE‐4H‐IMIDAZOL‐4‐ONES Yong Sun,1 Li‐Ping Gao,1 and Ming‐Wu Ding2 1Department of Chemistry, Yunyang Teachers College, Danjiangkou, China 2Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1193 SEQUENTIAL ALDOL/MICHAEL ADDITION REACTION IN IONIC LIQUID CATALYZED BY MORPHOLINE: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 1,3,5‐TRIARYL‐1,5‐PENTANEDIONE Hui Wu,1,2 Leilei Lu,1 Yang Shen,1 Yu Wan,1 and Kaibei Yu3 1Department of Chemistry, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China 2Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plants of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China 3Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1201 REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 6‐PRENYLPOLYHYDROXYISOFLAVONE (WIGHTEONE) AND WIGHTEONE HYDRATE WITH HYPERVALENT IODINE Mohammad M. Hossain, Takanori Tokuoka, Kazuyo Yamashita, Yasuhiko Kawamura, and Masao Tsukayama Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan The oxidative rearrangement of 3′‐iodochalcone with HTIB, followed by cyclization of the resulting acetal, gave 6‐iodoisoflavone. Wighteone was synthesized by dehydration of wighteone hydrate, prepared by the coupling of the isoflavone and hydrogenation. Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1213 SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF GEMINAL DIACETATES (ACYLALS) OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES Motiur A. F. M. Rahman and Yurngdong Jahng College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan, Korea The geminal diacetates of aromatic aldehydes were readily prepared from corresponding aldehydes by refluxing with acetic anhydride without any catalysts or even any additional solvent. Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1221 RAPID AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR ACETYLATION OF ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS WITH ACETIC ANHYDRIDE CATALYZED BY SILICA SULFATE Tong‐Shou Jin, Ying Zhao, Li‐Bin Liu, Zhuo Chen, and Tong‐Shuang Li Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China A rapid and efficient method is described for acetylation of a series of alcohols and phenols with acetic anhydride catalyzed by silica sulfate solid acid at room temperature or at refluxing temperature in excellent yield. Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1229 ONE‐POT SYNTHESIS OF 5‐ALKYLFURAN‐2(5H)‐ONES Jie Ma, Si Hong Wang, and Guan Rong Tian Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yan Ji, Ji Lin, China Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1235 METHYL, TRIFLUOROMETHYL, AND METHOXYCARBONYL—INTRODUCTION TO THE FIFTH POSITION ON THE PYRIDINE RING OF CHLORONICOTINYL INSECTICIDE IMIDACLOPRID Shinzo Kagabu Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan Three substituted derivatives of the potent insecticide imidacloprid were prepared. Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1247 PALLADIUM(II)‐CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF ISOXAZOLIDINES: USING A CATALYTIC COPPER ACETATE AND MOLECULAR OXYGEN AS THE COOXIDANT Krishna Gopal Dongol,1 Boon Ying Tay,1 Kai Xiang,2 and Thies Thiemann2 1Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Jurong Island, Singapore 2Institute of Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga Koh-en, Kasuga-shi, Japan An efficient and environmentally friendly process is reported for the palladium(II)‐catalyzed cyclofunctionalization of allylic hydroxylamine derivatives using oxygen as the cooxidant with only a catalytic amount of copper(II) acetate is reported. This method shows the environmentally benign process for the synthesis of isoxazolidine derivatives. Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1259 ALCL3·6H2O/KI/CH3CN/H2O: AN EFFICIENT AND VERSATILE SYSTEM FOR CHEMOSELECTIVE C–O BOND CLEAVAGE AND FORMATION OF HALIDES AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS FROM ALCOHOLS IN HYDRATED MEDIA Pranjal Gogoi,1 Dilip Konwar,1 Saikat Das Sharma,1 and Prodip Kumar Gogoi2 1Organic Chemistry Division, Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat, Assam, India 2Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1273 SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED TRICYCLO[5.3.1.04,9]UNDECAN‐2,6‐DIONE FROM 4,4‐DISUBSTITUTED CYCLOHEXANONE ENAMINES AND METHACRYLOYL CHLORIDE M. Giasuddin Ahmed,1 Syeda Asghari Ahmed,1 Kawsari Akhter,1 Yoshisuke Tsuda,2 M. Mahmun Hossain,3 and F. Holger Forsterling3 1Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan 3Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1291 STUDIES ON AMINE OXIDE REARRANGEMENT: SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLO[3,2‐C][1]BENZOTHIOPYRAN‐4‐ONE K. C. Majumdar, S. K. Chattopadhyay, and P. P. Mukhopadhyay Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1299 SEQUENTIAL [3,3]SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENT: REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF DIMEDONE‐ANNULATED HETEROCYCLES K. C. Majumdar and S. K. Samanta Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 35, 1307 COPPER(II) BROMIDE–CATALYZED CONJUGATE ADDITION OF INDOLES TO α,β‐ENONES Sandip K. Nayak Bio‐organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India


The sintering behavior and microwave properties of ferrite ( ceramics) were investigated for microwave applications. Also PIFA type antenna with ferrite was simulated. All samples were prepared by the solid state reaction method and sintered at . All ceramics had relatively density above of 92% compare with theoretical density of ceramics. From the XRD pattens, the Z-type phase was existed as main phase in ceramics. The permittivity and permeability of ceramics were increased with Zn additions and decreased rapidly over frequency of 200~600 MHz. Several PIFA type antennas with ferrite and FR4 were simulated. All antenna structure had return loss of less than -10 dB at each resonant frequency. Simulated antenna using both ferrite and FR4 showed size reduction of 25% without a significant decrement of efficiency.


The classification of satellite image has various issues including image quality. The aim of classifying satellite image is to provide better understanding of image . The classification of image depends on various features. the present paper focuses on five categories of satellite image such as residential area, agriculture, desert, mountain and forest. The objective of this paper is to study the use of texture, color, shape as an image feature for pattern retrieval. We propose the novel approach to extract features of image through Gabor filter feature vector i.e color, texture, shape and classification of image through support vector machine (SVM) with the use of Gaussian radial basis kernel function. The proposed methodology gives the better accuracy up to 98.5% over DCT Gabor based classification. The work is useful and may be embedded with different applications like residential purposes and government planning commission and national environment mission etc.


Valuation approaches and their utilization in Jamaican real estate firms have been the topic of extensive discussion within the Association of Land Economy and Valuation Surveyors (ALEVS) in Jamaica. Internationally, the issue of valuation accuracy has been the subject of academic and professional debate for decades. Matysiak and Wang along with Blundell and Ward conducted accuracy studies in the United Kingdom and in the United States.1 Cole, Guilkey, and Miles carried out similar research in 1986.2 More recently, Crosby and Matysiak (cited in Crosby et al.) expanded the valuation accuracy debate.3 They have also conducted research that focuses on the factors that affect the valuation and price relationship, in an effort to show this can impact the accuracy of a valuation. Unlike developed real estate markets, Jamaica's real estate industry produces limited academic literature on its property market's operations, activities, hedonic behavior, property yields, and relationship with the local economy. Thus, phenomena that affect or are affecting the island's property market have not been empirically researched. By extension, market participants and real estate professionals may be unaware of anomalies or abnormalities that have been affecting the market. This article seeks to analyze the theoretical basis of the profession and explore how the valuation practices of Jamaica's valuers have been shaped by valuation theory.


The conservation of historical timber structures requires both the knowledge of structural behavior of complete building and behavior of any single element in structure. Because of a poor communication between the institutions involved in the conservation and restoration of buildings and institutions that urgently require renovation of structures, renovation of historic buildings is often performed inappropriately due to engineering and architectural approach. Buildings are frequently subjected to inappropriate interventions, replacements of structural elements, or even worse, they are demolished. First case study in this paper is Cathedral from Gospic city which was subjected to inappropriate reconstruction in 1990s. Second case study is small traditionally constructed timber chapel in village Lijevi Stefanki which represents a valuable monument of rural cultural heritage.


QADS is a module that performs multidimensional point-kernel estimation of gamma transport through practically any type of shielding materials using a simplified input scheme that follows the general input philosophy of the SCALE shielding sequences. QADS was designed to capture the flexibility and power of the QAD technique for problems amenable to point-kernel solution while allowing for an easy-to-use input interface. The QADS module is called via the SCALE driver and preprocesses the actual input for the QAD-CGGP code. The driver then calls and executes QAD-CGGP automatically. The SCALE standard composition library is used to allow simplified input of materials. The problem geometry is coded using the well-known MORSE combinatorial geometry package. Finally, the dose portion of the input follows the XSDOSE input data format in SASI. The combined use of the SCALE standard compositions and free-form input with the multidimensional geometry capabilities and generally short running time of point-kernel techniques produces a very powerful procedure for shielding analysis of a wide variety of problems.


less relevance in Europe, whereas proponents hold it has been the peculiar monopoly situation of established religion in Europe that has inhibited the natural flourishing of faith. The underlying long-term question is whether Europe or America is 'exceptional'. In Davie's overall coverage the current vitality of ethno-religion in the Orthodox world perhaps receives less attention than it deserves compared (say) with Turkey. At the same time, Turkey has an obvious salience because post-1922 it became an offshoot of the French secularist tradition yet is now under enough (ambiguous) Islamic pressure to make its welcome in Europe uncertain. Two obvious rivals on the global scene, Pentecostalism and Islam, receive excellent coverage. If you want expert guidance about what is going on in the sociology of religion, and to have useful indications about what is going on in religion on the global scene, this book does the job extremely well.


Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are a key technology for realizing next generation high-power RF amplifiers and high-efficiency power converters. However, elevated channel temperatures due to self-heating often severely limit their power handling capability. Although the steady-state thermal behavior of GaN HEMTs has been studied extensively, significantly fewer studies have considered their transient thermal response. In this paper, we report a methodology for measuring the transient temperature rise and thermal time constant spectrum of GaN HEMTs via time-resolved micro-Raman thermometry with a temporal resolution of 30 ns. We measured a broad spectrum of time constants from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 130$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ns to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 3.2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ms that contribute to the temperature rise of an ungated GaN-on-SiC HEMT due to aggressive, multidimensional heat spreading in the die and die-attach. Our findings confirm previous theoretical analysis showing that one or two thermal time constants cannot adequately describe the transient temperature rise and that the temperature reaches steady-state at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx {16}L^{{2}}/\pi ^{{2}}\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\alpha }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are the thickness and thermal diffusivity of the substrate. This paper provides a practical methodology for validating transient thermal models of GaN HEMTs and for obtaining experimental values of the thermal resistances and capacitances for compact electrothermal modeling.