.............................................................................................................................................. 2 Sammanfattning .................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Purpose & Research questions ....................................................................................................... 5 Delimitations ................................................................................................................................... 6 Methodology & Structure of the Thesis.......................................................................................... 6 Competition ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Michael Porter's Competitive Forces .............................................................................................. 7 Cost as a Competitive Element ....................................................................................................... 8 The Agrobiotech Industry ................................................................................................................. 10 Regulation of GMOs for Food & Feed in the European Union ......................................................... 15 The Regulatory Process ................................................................................................................. 15 Costs of the Regulations ............................................................................................................... 18 Site-Directed Mutagenesis ................................................................................................................ 22 Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases ........................................................................... 22 Structure of TAL Effectors and TAL Effector Nucleases ................................................................ 24 Assembly of TAL Effectors ............................................................................................................. 25 Biotechnology in Potato Breeding Programs .................................................................................... 28 Case Study: TALEN-mediated Development of a New Potato Variety ............................................. 29 Results of the Interviews............................................................................................................... 29 Comparison with conventional breeding programs ..................................................................... 34 Benefits of Early Release: Net Present Value................................................................................ 35 Patent Situation for the Commercial Use of the TALEN technology in Plants .............................. 36 Discussion & Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 37 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... 39 References ............................................................................................................................................ 40


[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute flaccid paralysis(AFP) and its monitoring results so as to guide the maintenance of the poliomyelitis free status in Shijiazhuang City. [Methods]All the monitoring data of AFP reported in Shijiazhuang from 2005 to 2010 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. [Results]A total of 280 local AFP cases of children under 15 years old were reported in Shijiazhuang from 2005 to 2010 with annual average incidence of 2.60/ 100 000.No wild strain of poliovirus or poliomyelitis case were found.The monitoring system's sensitivity,timeliness and integrity of AFP surveillance system exceed the relevant requirements of Ministry of Health. [Conclusion]The Surveillance System of AFP in Shijiazhuang have met the requirements of WHO and Ministry of Health of China.The status of poliomyelitis free has been maintained.


To develop a new method for the objective evaluation of airway obstruction due to tonsillar hypertrophy using ultrasound (US) in children.


To find out about war/RAW read the heavily allusive idiolect/licet ίδίω λόγω gnomona scribere of John Henderson. Neat in some 350 pages, the style takes some getting used to, but it underscores a damning indictment of the effects of civil war and the autocracies that resulted from it on Rome. Where ancient historians would try to recreate the facts, Henderson has given us illuminating insight into a very important, and to a modem, embarrassingly sensitive, aspect of the Roman mentality.


In the Edo period, people who started to question what it meant to be Japanese increased. This kind of cultural identity can be seen in thoughts on Japan as Shinkoku (Divine Land), Kōkoku (Imperial Country), Bukoku (Martial Country). All three emphasised what made Japan special compared to other countries. In this book, I compare Shinkoku, Kōkoku, and Bukoku thoughts and show how they relate to each other, and what similarities and differences they have. To do this I analyse two texts, Chūchō jijitsu (Actual facts about the Central realm) by Yamaga Sokō, and Seji kenbunroku (A witness account of matters in the world) by Buyō Inshi. The former contains typical elements from Kōkoku thought, and the latter presents views that are typical of Bukoku thought. The common understanding has been that the idea of Japan as Bukoku emerged early in the Edo period and was later weakened as a result of the increasing popularity of Kōkoku. However, the two texts show Kōkoku in a time where Bukoku thought was more common, and vice versa. This implies that there were several intellectual layers differing from what has been accepted as the mainstream in the Edo period history of ideas.


A commercial formulation of thermal antioxidant has been shown to photosensitize the dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride). The species responsible was shown to be a p-alkyl-substituted phenol, and this was confirmed using p-cresol as a model compound.


The literature contains no reliable field information for Dermacentor (Indocentor) atrosignatus . Herein, data are recorded for 3530 adult D. (I.) atrosignatus from forests of the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia (Sumatra and Java), Borneo (Sarawak and Kalimantan), and southern Philippines (Palawan and Busuanga). The chief hosts of adults are wild pigs, Sus scrofa sspp. and Sus barbatus sspp. Occasional records, all from the Malay Peninsula, are from the Malayan Sun Bear, Helarctos malayanus ; Malayan Pangolin, Manis javanica ; domestic pig, buffalo, and dog; and 2 reptile species, the monitor lizard Varanus salvator and the Indian Cobra, Naja naja . Adults of 2 or 3 D. (Indocentor) species ( atrosignatus, auratus, compactus , and others to be reported) often occur on the same Sus host, together with Amblyomma testudinarium and several Haemaphysalis species. In the Malay Peninsula tick survey, 3780 D. (I.) compactus were taken from 333 Sus in 51 localities, 1339 D. (I.) auratus from 269 Sus in 35 localities, and 1082 D. (I.) atrosignatus from 245 Sus in 56 localities. Specimens taken from Malay Peninsula forest vegetation where Sus feed were 6752 D. (I.) compactus , 2390 D. (I.) atrosignatus , and 240 D. (I.) auratus . The role of D. (I.) atrosignatus as a reservoir and vector of agents of zoonotic infections, some of which may be transmitted to man by coparasitizing tick species, should be investigated.


ABSTRACT In the subarctic environment, shortage of nitrogen is common and may have immediate effects on tree survival via lowered photosynthetic capacity in cold periods. Yet, despite the critical role of nitrogen, the subarctic tree mountain birch [Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti] shows remarkable variability in tree architecture and leaf traits, which affect its nitrogen use and its ability to capture light. It is possible that intraspecific variation in these traits exhibits alternative strategies for maintaining efficient nitrogen use, provided it results in equal efficiency despite variation in the underlying traits, but true differences between tree individuals may also exist. Computer simulations were used to investigate how daily photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (DPNUE) and the potential rate of photosynthesis (Pmax) of whole birch trees depend on tree architecture, the area or number of leaves per shoot, or nitrogen invested per leaf. The simulations showed that mountain birch has the potential to achieve an equal Pmaxor DPNUE by adjusting variation in many traits, but the potential was not realized as a large amount of variation remained when leaf traits measured in the field were used to estimate DPNUE and Pmax. Trade-offs between Pmax, DPNUE, and other tree functions such as resistance to herbivores, growth, maintenance, or reproduction are likely causes for variation.


The transport plans of the municipal government of Rome include building a third metro (underground) line from Vigna Clara in the suburbs via the Vatican and the Colosseum to the southeast of the city, a distance of 32 km. Another new line, B1 is planned to link Piazza Bologna with Conco D'oro, and track doubling of some other stretches of the metro is envisaged. Construction of line C will take 5-7 years, depending on how many archaeological discoveries are made. The short term priority is to increase the capacity of existing lines by renewing the rolling stock. Passenger traffic on line A has increased by 40,000 passengers/day in 2001. Train frequency is already at capacity on lines A and B. Plans to expand services on the light rail network are outlined. A merger will occur between ATAC, the municipal transport authority, and STA, the agency responsible for overseeing private transport services in the city. Outsourcing of some public transport services in Rome is planned by the end of 2003.


In this paper, we explore the connection between the Hankel transform, Riordan arrays and orthogonal polynomials. For this purpose, we evaluate the Hankel transform of generalized trinomial coefficients, as a closed-form expression, using the method based on the orthogonal polynomials. Since the generalized trinomial coefficients are generalization of several integer sequences, obtained expression is also applicable in these cases. We also showed that the coefficient array of corresponding orthogonal polynomials can be represented in terms of Riordan arrays, which provides the LDLT decomposition of the Hankel matrix. Moreover, we consider the row sums of the inverse of coefficient array matrix and evaluate its Hankel transform.


A numerical algorithm to parametrically generate complete gear teeth profile based on conjugate teeth profile principle was studied. On this basis, gear 3D modeling and parametrical gear design were realized by Solidworks API. The difficult issue to generate complete teeth profile in gear 3D modeling was solved. The program can accurately generate minor teeth number gear, which provides a useful tool for further using finite element analysis to conduct teeth stress analysis.


The objective of the present work was to develop vegan nuggets with the addition of ora-pro-nóbis and to evaluate the quality of the product developed. Two formulations of vegan nuggets were prepared, and they differed in relation to the addition of ora-pro-nóbis: vegan nuggets without the addition of ora-pro-nóbis (F1) and vegan nuggets with the addition of ora-pro-nóbis (F2). Physicochemical analyzes (moisture, ash and protein) were carried out on the products developed. Vegan nuggets were subjected to sensory analysis in which the parameters evaluated were: color, aroma, texture, flavor and purchase intent. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), compared using the Tukey test with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding protein, it was noted that there was a significant increase for the formulation of vegan nuggets with the addition of ora-pro-nóbis (6.52%). The attributes evaluated (aroma, texture, flavor and overall appearance) did not show a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the formulations and the averages referring to these attributes were close to 5 (neither liked/disliked) and 6 (liked slightly) for all samples.


The paper analyzes the main factors of influence haiyan yield,and combined with my company 2009-2010 yantian technical improvement project are proposed to improve the yield of haiyan,points out the implementing measures in the process of main techniques.


This paper elaborates the special principle and design characteristics in the ship type design of the lateral LNG carrier, including the ship type characteristics, outline design of the liquid cargo tank(C type independent tank), keeping cool treatment, disposal of boil of gas(BOG) and type selection of the main propulsion system. Further research is made combining the design of 30000m3 LNG carrier.


In neurophysiology, consciousness may be defined as a specific state of the brain that alone makes realization of higher mental functions possible. When one speaks of a specific state of the brain as a characteristic of consciousness, one must bear in mind that exit from that state leads to shutdown of higher mental functions, though the mechanisms supporting life are preserved. Consciousness is related to a specific state of the brain, not to the content of information processes. This follows from the fact that, once a person regains consciousness following a deep faint, he resumes his interrupted train of thought; but all that happened during the period of loss of consciousness will have been neither perceived nor recorded in memory.


Indonesia is one of the countries rich in germplasm in the form of livestock. Livestock products can be in the form of meat, milk and eggs as well as by-products such as leather. Animal leathers are one of the by-products of livestock produced from a livestock slaughtering industry. Animal leathers have the potential as raw material for non-oil and gas export products. Until now, livestock by-product in the form of leather has been processed and utilized by many people in Indonesia. Utilization is carried out in the form of food and non-food products. The use of food and non-food products has been developed commercially by the community, both in the form of small, micro, medium and large scale industries. Animal leathers are one of the livestock by products that have the highest economic value compared to the others. This is because animal leather is one of the export products. Until now, the exported animal leathers are still in the form of non-food products, while some derivatives of leather products in the form of food products are still imported. The potential of livestock leathers as one of the strategic commodities of the livestock industry needs to be maximally developed. Improving the quality of animal leathers needs to be done in an effort to increase the source of foreign exchange.


We observe an unusual instability in the SiC DMOSFET transistor characteristics. From a series of bias conditions at elevated temperatures, we conclude that a high density of hole traps in the oxide near the SiO2/SiC interface are responsible.


practice, and the effect of athletic training at different ages. Following these general chapters are four specialized discussions of training for football, baseball, track, and rowing. The Appendix explains in detail the daily "setting up" exercises which were used by the naval training stations during the war. These exercises were selected in preference to the Swedish and other methods which had been used previously, because of the fact that they are less fatiguing and tend to more uniform muscular development. The author knows not only athletics but also boys, and his book will be very useful to the amateur school coach.


The research reported in this paper describes the development and application of a tool that aims to increase the opportunity for architects to design and collaborate within virtual worlds and enable effective and transparent information exchange.The objective was to provide a Virtual Reality (VR) tool that is capable of creating 3D shapes in a shared VR environment, thus allowing the early design and its evolution to be shared by professional and client body. The system has been implemented using Java™ and Java3D™ and it has been tested on PCs workstations as well as an Sgi system running a Reality Centre.


Modelling fission product (FP) behaviour during severe light-water reactor accidents covers a considerable diversity of phenomena such as solid-state diffusion, high temperature chemistry, aerosol physics and radioiodine chemistry. Over a number of years IPSN developed computer codes for modelling FP behaviour where, now, improved versions of these are included in the integral code ASTEC, jointly developed by GRS and IPSN. Whereas ASTEC models a whole accident sequence, this paper describes just its FP modules: ELSA for release from the core, SOPHAEROS for radionuclide transport in the reactor coolant system and IODE for radioiodine behaviour in the containment building. The approaches used aim to provide reliable indications of FP behaviour without excessive calculation times. This said, the degree to which modelling is simplified to render calculations faster must be compatible with the level of confidence required in the predictions. Based on results of validation campaigns of the FP models in ASTEC V0 and in the context of needs arising from analyses for probabilistic safety assessments, further essential modelling improvements are being made for integration in ASTEC V1. Recent enhancement of ELSA has improved prediction of semi-volatile FP (e.g., Ba, Sr, Mo, etc.) release from solid fuel and included release models for degraded-core geometries and control rod materials. Enhancement of SOPHAEROS concerns improved numerical efficiency, addition of a new, comprehensive thermochemistry database and inclusion of a pool scrubbing module. As for IODE, developments focus on the formation of organic iodine due to paints and gas-phase destruction mechanisms of organic iodides. Beyond the above developments, principal areas are identified where improvements are still required.


The distribution of terrestrial woodland salamanders of the genus Plethodon has been the subject of several studies that have illustrated non-random patterns of co-occurrence and ranges that are likely shaped by interspecific interactions, climate, and topography. The seemingly continuous expansion of the genus resulting from the recognition of cryptic species following genetic studies has created the need to evaluate the distributions of these species. Two of these salamanders, P. punctatus and P. virginia, are endemic to the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province in West Virginia and Virginia and occupy limited geographic ranges. Two common and widespread species, P. cylindraceus and P. cinereus, also inhabit this region. I investigated the distribution and habitat of these terrestrial salamanders by surveying wooded ridges and slopes throughout the geographic range of the two endemic species. I surveyed for salamanders by conducting daytime cover object searches and nocturnal visual encounter surveys. I recorded geographic locations with a GPS receiver and recorded environmental data including relative humidity, ambient temperature, soil temperature, substrate type, and elevation. From March through November 2008, I recorded the presence of 321 woodland salamanders at 91 sites, including 74 P. punctatus at 23 sites, 48 P. virginia at 33 sites, 112 P. cinereus at 22 sites, 73 P. cylindraceus at 38 sites, and 14 salamanders that represent possible P. hoffmani x P. virginia hybrids at six sites. I found more than one species of Plethodon at 25 sites. Results suggest that P. punctatus is associated with rocky substrates, primarily among or near talus at high elevations. Plethodon virginia inhabits relatively dry ridges and slopes with deeper soil at all elevations. Plethodon cylindraceus is widespread throughout habitat types, while P. cinereus is scattered throughout the range in relatively mesic habitats. Similarly sized salamanders tended to not co-occur at the same sites, and had largely parapatric distributions. This apparent pattern of the exclusion of species from particular sites may be driven by competitive pressure coupled with differences in adaptation to climate. Introduction The genus Plethodon has undergone recent taxonomic expansion following the evaluation of genetic differences between populations of what are now considered separate cryptic species. Four species in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province in West Virginia have been described since 1972. In 1972, Highton described P. hoffmani


In this report the development of a simple and inexpensive spectrophotometric technique to determine the specific activity of spallation-produced copper-67 (Cu-67) is described. The method is based upon the well-known strong absorption at 480 nm of the orange-colored copper (II) complexes with bis-thiosemicarbazone (TSC) ligands. We have used the Cu(II) complex of phenylglyoxal (PC-TSC) and determined a calibration curve in an acidic ethanol-acetate buffer which is linear up to a concentration of 40 ppM (40 {mu}gm/ml) with a lower limit of detection of about 0.4 ppM. Also in this report, the results it the synthesis and tissue distribution in fasted rats of a series of five analogues of 3.3-dimethyl-substituted terminal para-iodophenyl fatty acids to determine the effects of total chain length on myocardial uptake and retention properties are summarized. The C-11, C-12, C-13, C-14, C-15 (3,3-DMIPP) and C-19 analogues were evaluated. The C-15 analogue showed the highest heart uptake. The shorter C-11 {yields} C-14 and the C-19 chain lengths showed much lower heart uptake and heart:blood values. These studies clearly demonstrate that the position of dimethyl-branching and the total chain length are both important factors which affect myocardial uptake.


been continued by Glenn Dynner (Yankel's Tavern [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014]). Moreover, in regard to the Jewish community Teller argues that the Radziwiłłs' main ambition was to gain economic control over the kahal and to integrate it into the administrative system of the estate, but not to abolish it altogether. Nevertheless, the reader would have wished to see the transition from an old to a new type of communal leadership "whose power derived not from scholarship and family lineage,... but solely from their financial status and connections with non-Jewish society" (58) spelled out in some more detail, though a lack of sources might be an obstacle here. Beyond the concrete and tremendously important case study of the Radziwiłł estates, the book makes an important contribution to questions concerning the character of Jewish economic activity and of how "a kind of ethnic economy" actually formed and grew (191). This, Teller argues convincingly, has more to do with actual economic choices than with any kind of innate reasons. In his conclusion, Teller discusses in detail how this "extraordinary success story" (187) of Jewish economic activity in the first half of the eighteenth century was possible and thus inscribes the book into the general discussion about Jewish economic activity in early modern Europe. He makes it very clear that Jews on the Radziwiłł estates did not contribute to the emergence of capitalism in any way or introduced particular economic innovations, but rather were the most important reason why the late feudal economic system continued to work for as long as it did. Altogether, this very well-written book shows us how important it is to understand the economic basis of society and its influence on social and cultural developments. It should not only be an essential read for students and scholars of Polish-Jewish and Jewish economic history, but also of Polish and economic history in general, as it provides one of the best analyses of the workings of the eighteenth-century estate system in the Lithuanian part of the commonwealth, though many conclusions are valid for magnates in the Polish part of the country as well. Additionally, it shows an exemplary case of how an ethnic minority entered and flourished in an economic niche. With the publication of the English edition the book hopefully will find the broad readership it deserves.


Education is the formation of human character that leads to individual independence. An individual is able to develop the potential of self-reliance and quality of resources through the democratization of education. Democratizing education requires an adequate teaching and learning tool, but in a pandemic condition a conducive learning atmosphere is impossible to achieve. Education will undergo significant changes when faced with a new situation that is different from the constant rhythm of life of Indonesian society. This study is a qualitative research literature. The researchers will choose between primary sources and secondary sources; classifying the data; then presenting the data. While the method of analysis using the method of philosophical hermeneutics, which starts with a description, interpretation, historical continuity, and heuristics. Democracy of education creates the creativity of students in increasing intellectual, spiritual intelligence, and developing skills in themselves that are in accordance with the conditions of social society. The aim of democratization education is to provide equal rights for each individual to develop their potential and gain knowledge. Intellectual development is based on empathy, sympathy, and creativity. With the democracy of education, every individual has equal rights in acquiring knowledge in the midst of a pandemic Covid-19. Democracy of education also avoid someone has the mindset to control and dominate the other.


This study aims to find out the concept of "husn khuluq" according to Al-Ghazali in the book of Ihya' Ulumuddin and see its relevance to the concept of "religious moderation." This study is conducted using the library research method by collecting and analyzing all aspects related to the theme. This article shows that the concept of husn al-khuluq requires a person's inner aspect. The concept of religious moderation and the concept of husn al-khuluq have the same emphasis, namely al-i'tidal (fair, in the middle). Someone who has husn al-khuluq is already moderate. According to al-Ghazali, there are at least four important points that become substantial basics that form good morals (husn al-khuluq), namely al-Hikmah, ash-Syaja'ah, al-Iffah, and al-'Adlu. Some of these things, if done with full confidence, can form a strong character for a person in their religious moderation.


3-hydroxybutyrate (3OHB) has been proved to act as a neuroprotective molecule in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we employed a quantitative proteomics approach to assess the changes of the global protein expression pattern of neural cells upon 3OHB administration. In combination with a disease-related, protein-protein interaction network we pinpointed a hub marker, histone lysine 27 trimethylation, which is one of the key epigenetic markers in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and epigenomic datasets highlighted the involvement of bivalent transcription factors in 3OHB-mediated disease protection and its alteration of neuronal development processes. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that 3OHB impaired the fate decision process of neural precursor cells by repressing differentiation and promoting proliferation. Our study provides a new mechanism of 3OHB's neuroprotective effect, in which chromatin bivalency is sensitive to 3OHB alteration and drives its neuroprotective function both in neurodegenerative diseases and in neural development processes.


The aim of this paper is to represent general study of design & analysis of leaf spring. Leaf springs are normally used in the vehicle suspension system . Many research paper has been done for improving the performance of leaf spring. The automobile industry has shown interest in the replacement of steel spring with composite leaf spring. In this paper is also analysis of failure in leaf spring. The automakers can reduce product development cost and time. The predictive capability of computer aided engineering tool has progressed to point where much of the design verification is now using computer simulation rather than physical prototype testing.
Keyword- Leaf spring; CAE tool.


Surgical incisions are usually made with scalpel but usually results in skin bleeding which obscure the operating field. Other alternative in making surgical incision is diathermy. Usually skin incision by diathermy is avoided due to fear of deep burn and scarring when compared with scalpel incision, which create a clean incised wound with minimal tissue destruction. But diathermy in skin incisions decreases bleeding with less incision time. This study compared the complication and effectiveness of various techniques of making skin incisions in an abdominal surgical procedure in 105 patients in age group of 20-60 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups: A: Incision by sharp needle electrode only. B: Incision to reticular dermis with scalpel blade then further incision deep to the peritoneum with sharp needle electrode. C: Incision by conventional scalpel only. Result: There was no difference between group A, group B and group C regarding age, sex and weight (p>0.05). The incision bleeding was less in group A (statistically non-significant, p>0.05). There were more inflamed wounds in group A on 3rd day as compared to group B and group C (statistically significant p<0.05). The postoperative complications and hospital stay were less in group C compared to group A and group B (statistically non significant p>0.05). There was no difference in group A, group B and group C regarding cosmetic appearance after three months. Conclusion: Study suggested that scalpel blade is superior to electro diathermy for making surgical incisions.


32 women suffered from chronic pyelonephritis who have wished to interrupt pregnancy in first trimester were investigated. We made the determination of placental (SP-I, β-hGC) and endometrial (glicodelin A, IGFBP-I) proteins concentration in serum, and exposed characteristics proteinsynthesizing function of chorion and endometrium.


Thispaperinvestigates theperformance ofvoltage regulating relaysusedto control on-loadtapchanging transformers ina mesheddistribution system. Real-time digital simulation, together withhardware-in-loop connection ofthe actual relays, isusedtoinvestigate theperformance oftherelays underpractical conditions inanactual distribution network. In particular, thepaper focuses ontheperformance ofanadaptive tracking feature provided ontherelays that allows their settings to beadjusted inresponse toslowchanges innetwork conditions. I.INTRODUCTION


Aim: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and P53 protein in ovarian epithelial tumor (OET) tissue. Methods: SP immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the level of VEGF antigen and P53 protein in OET tissues (17 cases of benign tumor,15 cases of borderline tumor,and 29 cases of ovarian epithelial carcinoma). The integral optical density (IOD) and the mean optical density (MOD) were measured. Results: The IOD and MOD of VEGF and P53 expressions increased in sequence of benign tumor, borderline tumor,and ovarian epithelial carcinoma,and there were significant differences among them (P0.01 or 0.05).There was positive correlation between VEGF and P53 expression(r_S=6.24,P0.05). Conclusion: VEGF may play an important role in the development of OET. P53 protein may paticipate in the adjustment to angiogenesis of OET.


The Estonian woodworkers' exposure to wood dust is investigated. The measurement equipment HazDust EPAM-5000 was used and the particle size was determined with the microscope Axiolam ICc 3. On the basis of these measurements and literature data on wood dust hazardousness the model for determination of wood dust risk levels is worked out. The risk level of wood dust in the Estonian wood-processing industry is III to IV on the five levels scale. The maximum wood dust concentration in the workplace air was 4.27 mg (m 3 ) -1 and registered by the polishing of window details. The better work conditions in the industry have been gained with effective ventilation and consistent cleaning of the workrooms. On the basis of the investigation it has been concluded that the working conditions in the wood processing industry in Estonia in 2012 have been improved considerably over the years 1990-2000.


We investigate the overall communications performance of high-power SCOWA-based transmitters with various modulation formats. Transmitter power efficiency and receiver sensitivity are considered, and compared to baseline measurements using standard EDFA-based master-oscillator power-amplifier transmitters


This article describes the transition in American 'stress' literature from a focus on 'Type A man' to the 'hardy man'. These two diagnostic categories were constructed in medical discourse and entailed certain notions of masculinity, class and health. The constructs explained the rise of unhealthy (coronary-prone) American middle-class white men in the 1950s and the emergence of healthy men in the same class, race and gender order in the 1970s. I show that the construction of Type A man rested on the medicalisation of the core values of traditional masculinity, while the term 'hardy man' demedicalised and legitimised these values.


Program disturb or V/sub t/ shifts due to bit line stress for EPROMs continues to be a major reliability issue among semiconductor manufacturers, but very little information exists on these mechanisms. It is shown that program disturb is a defect mechanism, and the effects of voltage and temperature are studied. The impact on programming and extended read cycles is also evaluated.<<ETX>>


The level of contribution of the hotel industry depends on different factors of production that they use in the provision of their services The way they use these factors of production will allow them to act efficiently, in order to improve profitability and market position. Ecuador, in recent years, has directed public policies betting on the development of this industry. In this sense, this research seeks to measure the efficiency and productivity of the Ecuadorian hotel industry. For this purpose, a significant sample has been selected; it consists of 147 businesses that provided hotel services during the period 2013–2017. These businesses are classified according to their quality and geographic location. This information has been useful to make a balanced panel data with one output (Revenue) and three inputs (Total_personnel, the non-current assets, and Consumption) by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results, which proved to be solid and accurate, indicate that the most efficient businesses are the ones in the third class, whereas those hotels located in zones with tourist attractions and activities have a better optimization of those resources. This situation has an effect on the significant improvement of their productivity.


The neuroradiological evaluation of Canavan's disease in a 38‐month‐old girl is discussed. Computed tomography showed diffuse symmetrical low attenuation values of the subcortical and deep cerebral white matter. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated symmetrical diffuse low signal intensity of T1‐weighted images and high signal intensity on T2‐weighted images. With the use of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we were able to show elevated levels of N‐acetylaspartic acid in the occipital lobe of our patient. The in vivo measurement of N‐acetylaspartic acid in the brain by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers an additional noninvasive diagnostic test for establishing the diagnosis of Canavan's disease. With the increasing availability of magnetic resonance spectroscopy, clinicians may be able to confirm the diagnosis of Canavan's disease immediately after magnetic resonance imaging reveals the typical abnormalities of the white matter.


Changes in family formation behaviour are responsible for the coexistence of two forms of union in the developed countries: the fairly "flexible" extramarital cohabitation, and the more formal or official form, marriage. Cohabitation is on the increase in Switzerland, currently accounting for nearly 9 in 10 newly-formed couples, but marriage is still considered the necessary condition for starting a family and the level of extramarital births remains among the lowest in Europe. In this context, it is highly instructive to study the factors that influence decisions about the form of the first union and the duration of non-marital cohabitation. The main finding of this article based on a survey of the family is that decisions about type of union are strongly influenced by religious observance, the fact of being pregnant, and economic circumstances. While educational attainment appears not to modify the form of union chosen at the time of couple formation, it is associated with the durations of premarital cohabitation.


The technology of H 2O 2 and FAS single stage bleaching and H 2O 2 FAS two stages bleaching of mixed office waste paper deinking pulp was investigated. The technological parameters of effecting H 2O 2 and FAS single stage bleaching were emphatically discussed. Meanwhile, the better technological conditions of H 2O 2 FAS two stages bleaching were found. The results showed that PF two stages bleaching is better than FP two stages bleaching. In PF two stages bleaching, the brightness of bleached pulp would increase but the cost of bleaching chemical materials would not increase when the dosage of FAS decreased 0.10% (on o.d. pulp) and the dosage of H 2O 2 increased 0.30% (on o.d. pulp).


The present invention comprises reacting in the presence of at least one basic catalyst and at least one alkylene oxide of at least one monoalcohol as an initiator, whereby, or water in the catalyst is water or alcohol and / or as a solution in a solvent mixture containing an alcohol, a method for producing a substantially diol free at a monohydroxy polyalkylene oxide (MPAO).


The collection of terrestrial slugs of the Museum of Natural History, Wroc3aw University, comprises 69 descriptive types as well as material representing 172 species mainly from the Northern Hemisphere.


BACKGROUND
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare, heritable disorder that affects connective tissue. Men and women are equally affected. Clinical manifestations involve multiple sites, especially bones and ligaments and heart and blood vessels.

OBJECTIVE
Authors sought to investigate quality of life (QoL) in MFS patients, assessing positive and negative sociodemographic factors and self-perceived well-being and functional status.

METHOD
Thirty-six patients affected by MFS were interviewed and were administered the SF-36 psychometric questionnaire.

RESULTS
Subjects affected by MFS reported an impaired quality of life in the psychological domain but not in the physical domain, as compared with a healthy population. Being male and older was significantly associated with a poorer perceived mental QoL.

CONCLUSION
The authors found that MFS negatively influences QoL, increases psychological distress, and may be a possible risk for some psychiatric disorders.


In this paper, we give relation between Bour's theorem and conformal map in Euclidean 3−space. We prove that a spiral surface and a helicoidal surface have a conformal relation. So, a helix on the helicoid correspond to a spiral on the spiral surface. Moreover we obtain that a spiral surface and a rotation surface have a conformal relation. So, spirals on the spiral surface correspond to parallel circles on the rotation surface. When the conformal map is an isometry we obtain the Bour's theorem ,i.e, we obtain an isometric relation between the helisoidal surface and the rotation surface, which was given by Bour in [1]. Thus this paper is a generalization of Bour's theorem.


This paper makes an analysis method for the detection of abnormal medical expenses.It uses expectation maximization algorithm of SQL Server 2008 data mining platform,combines with small probability events principle to analyze the data of medical expenses.At last it shows the results with the statements of reporting services.This method can mine the data of medical expense in general,it improves the efficiency of data analysis and provides effective evidence for the auditing abnormal expense of medical.


This paper considers the development of finite-amplitude patterns of convection in rectangular-planform containers. The horizontal dimensions of the container are assumed to be large compared with the critical wavelength of the motion. An interaction between rolls parallel and perpendicular to the lateral boundaries is modelled by a coupled pair of nonlinear amplitude equations together with appropriate conditions on the four lateral boundaries. At Rayleigh numbers above a critical value a steady-state solution is established with rolls parallel to the shorter lateral sides, consistent with the predictions of linear theory. At a second critical value this solution becomes unstable to cross-rolls near the shorter sides and a new steady state evolves. This consists of the primary roll pattern together with regions near the shorter sides where there is a combination of rolls parallel and perpendicular to the boundary. Analytical and numerical methods are used to describe both the evolution and steady-state structure of the solution, and a comparison is made with the results of full numerical simulations and experiments.


The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate how Brazilian Courts have contributed to the process of destruction of indigenous languages in Brazil. The history of Brazilian indigenous populations, just as in other countries, is a history of violence, persecution and murder. Only recently Brazil has adopted laws that would enable effective protection of the Indians and their culture. However, the strict interpretation of these laws, adopted by Brazilian Courts, is resulting in restrictions of the rights of the Indians, among them, the right to express themselves in their own language. This situation reached a climax in the recent Veron case, in which Indians who witnessed a homicide were prevented from testifying in their own language, because they were also able to express themselves in Portuguese. As I will demonstrate, there is scientific evidence that such ruling, if it had been enforced, would have potential to cause misunderstandings and misinterpretation of the report provided by the witnesses. At the conclusion, I seek to demonstrate how other countries, notably Canada, Ireland and Australia, are dealing with this situation more adequately than Brazil, ensuring linguistic diversity and the protection of Indians and their culture.


The alarm management apparatus according to the present invention and the data acquisition device 22 to, and in the task to help in evaluating the impact of each alarm, collecting alarm data emitted by means of the management subject device 10 to fix it , and a and a database device 24 that stores the alarm data collection by it, alarm statistics unit 26 to create a statistical alarm using the alarm data stored in it. Alarm statistics unit 26 and the weight coefficient given means, the first sum multiplied by each other, the more kinds of weighting factors to obtain the total weight coefficient each weight coefficient calculated for each alarm means for giving the weight coefficient and the one or more kind of each alarm, respectively , of the weighted by each integrating the weighted number for a weighted number of operation means, and each alarm an alarm occurrences to obtain the weighted number is multiplied by the total weight coefficient to 1, which represents the number for each alarm one case each and a writing means for writing the system statistics.


Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated the need for streamlined workflows in high-throughput testing. In extraction-based testing, limited extraction reagents and required proprietary instrumentation may pose a bottleneck for labs. As a solution, ChromaCode developed a Direct Extraction protocol for the HDPCR™ SARS-CoV-2 Assay, distributed in accordance with the guidance on Policy for Coronavirus Disease-2019 Tests During the Public Health Emergency, Section IV.C., which allows for the processing of specimens without an extraction system. In lieu of an extraction system, the Direct Extraction protocol uses a thermal cycler to lyse and inactivate specimens which are directly added to the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Methods The Limit of Detection (LoD), Clinical Performance, and effect of Interfering Substances was determined for the Direct Extraction protocol. The LoD was established on 6 PCR platforms with dilutions of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus spiked into residual, negative nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) matrix. Clinical performance was assessed with 48 positive and 50 negative frozen retrospective samples using the Direct Extraction protocol compared to an external Emergency Use Authorized (EUA) comparator assays (cobas® Liat® SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B assay and the Hologic Panther Fusion® SARS-CoV-2 Assay respectively) on three PCR platforms. The Direct Extraction protocol was evaluated for performance in the presence of 13 potentially interfering substances that can be present in a respiratory specimen. Results The LoD of the Direct Extraction protocol ranges from 1000 – 3000 genomic equivalents (GE)/mL. The clinical performance of the assay was 95.8% positive agreement (95% CI of 84.6% - 99.3%) and 100% negative agreement (95% CI of 90.9% - 100% or 91.1% – 100%) across all three PCR platforms tested. The viral target was detected at 3X LoD for all interferents tested. Conclusion The Direct Extraction protocol of ChromaCode's SARS-CoV-2 Assay is a sensitive test that eliminates the need for sample extraction and performs very well against traditional extraction-based workflows. The inclusion of this protocol can reduce costs, reliance on extraction systems, and time associated with extraction-based protocols. Disclosures Meghna Yadav, Ph.D. Molecular Biology, ChromaCode Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Tiffany Martinez, n/a, ChromaCode (Employee, Shareholder) Isabel Regoli, MS, Bioinformatics, ChromaCode (Employee, Shareholder) Osvaldo Hernandez, B.S., Molecular Biology, ChromaCode (Employee, Shareholder) Phuong Le, B.S., Biochemistry, ChromaCode (Employee, Shareholder) Heather Carolan, Masters, Computational Molecular Biology, ChromaCode (Employee, Shareholder) Brad Brown, Ph.D Biomedical Sciences, ChromaCode (Employee, Shareholder) Karen Menge, Ph.D. Biochemistry, ChromaCode (Employee, Shareholder)ChromaCode (Employee, Shareholder)


Distributed Virtual Environments (DVEs) must continue to perform well as users are added. However, DVE performance can become sensitive to user behavior in many ways: their actions, their positions, and even the direction that they look. Two virtual words may be similar in terms of user experience, task efficiency, immersion, and aesthetics. However they may exhibit substantially different performance when many users are logged in. We discuss an approach: Software Scalability Engineering (SSE), that uses load simulation and iterative modeling to locate causes of undesirable performance, experiment with changes, and verify improvements to DVE systems. Presented here is a case study of using the approach to determine the primary bottleneck of the Torque engine. Once that bottleneck is identified, we continue to use SSE to determine the primary cause of the bottleneck and the primary controlling factor for that user. SSE allows us to look at changing both the engine software and the virtual world to improve performance.


Knowledge about the daily number of new infections of COVID-19 is important because it is the basis for political decisions resulting in lockdowns and urgent health care measures. We use Germany as an example to illustrate shortcomings of official numbers, which are, at least in Germany, disclosed only with several days of delay and severely underreported on weekends (more than 40%). These shortcomings outline an urgent need for alternative data sources. The other widely cited source provided by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) also deviates for Germany on average by 79% from the official numbers. We argue that Google Search and Twitter data should complement official numbers. They predict even better than the original values from Johns Hopkins University and do so several days ahead. These two data sources could also be used in parts of the world where official numbers do not exist or are perceived to be unreliable.


FDA released a safety communication to update prescribers and patients about the ongoing review of insulin glargine (Lantus) that was initiated in July 2009.


NEWAC researches new engine core concepts and lean-burn combustion. This paper describes whole engine and technology assessments undertaken, including preliminary design studies to set specifications and technology targets, and use of 'TERA2020' models for sensitivity and optimization studies including economic and environmental assessment of intercooling, recuperation, aspiration and active control technologies.


Abstract The transport of nutrients, larvae, and sediment around coastal headlands critically depends on the balance of forces that direct the currents very near to the shore. The Banks Peninsula region, New Zealand, was selected to study nearshore circulation around coastal headlands. The relative influences of tides and wind on the current were determined using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) deployed 2 km offshore in Pegasus Bay. Results indicated that the M2 tide is the dominant tide and explains 30% of the variance. Low frequency variability was strongly correlated with wind in the offshore direction and explained a further 20–40% of the variability. Finally, mean residual flows were 2 cm/s southward along shore, which supports the hypothesis that an eddy is episodically present in Pegasus Bay. This study is the first to quantitatively document the nearshore circulation in the Banks Peninsula region.


The results of simulations of transient multicomponent surface diffusion in a microporous adsorbent are given for various conditions. The generalized Maxwell-Stefan theory was applied to describe the diffusion phenomena. The diffusion equations were solved numerically. The tranqient uptake of a binary mixture and the counterdiffusion of two sorbate species in a slab were simulated. Some striking phenomena of multicomponent diffusion are presented. The relation to the approximate solution obtained by the linearized theory of multicomponent mass transfer is discussed. The simulations are compared with various results found in the literature. Separation and conversion processes taking place on solid sorbents, e.g. zeolites often proceed under non-equilibrium conditions. The understanding and modelling of the diffusion behaviour of mixtures in these materials has practical importance because of its influence on the selectivity of these separations and reactions. Surface diffusion is also of fundamental interest in physical chemistry. In principle, a molecule moving over a surface can be seen as a probe of the interactions with the surface and with the other molecules in its vicinity. Diffusion in micropores (size smaller than 2 nni) is strongly temperature and concentration dependent. The diffusing molecules neker really leave the force field of the surface. In zeolites the intracrystalline pores or openings are of molecular dimensions and the diffusing molecules are likely to hinder each other at high surface occupancies. Multicomponent diffusion behaviour is of special interest. The transient uptake of a mixture of a fast diffusing-weakly adsorbing species and a slow diffusing-strongly adsorbing species in zeolites is typical: the uptake of the fast diffusing species exceeds the equilibrium value in the approach to the equilibrium situation (see e.g. refs*-4). The transient uptake of mixture components in microporous sorbents has been


The invention discloses a series of erythromycin A ketolide antibiotic derivatives containing quinoline substituent group, represented by a formula I. The invention also provides preparation methods and applications of the derivatives, and side-chain intermediates of the compounds and synthesis methods thereof. The key point of the invention is that the compounds represented by the formula I have the efficacy of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and have outstanding antibacterial activity and anti-resistance activity in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. The compounds provided by the invention can be used as broad-spectrum antibiotics, and also have antibacterial and antiviral activities in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.


The traditional agricultural machinery design work is hard to do, and time consuming. The design cycle is too long to meet the demand of nowadays market. With the applying of virtual manufacture technology in developing of agricultural machinery product, the blindness of product development falls off, the develop period is shortened; the cost of manufacture is reduced. At the same time, machine adaptability, reliability and operating life can be improved. In this paper, the connotation of virtual manufacture is discussed, and virtual manufacture system is compared with others, such as virtual reality, manufacturing. Then the main progresses of virtual manufacture are presented. Finally, the architecture of agricultural machinery virtual manufacturing system is established and constitute of virtual manufacture system is pointed out.


In the concept of direct charging linking continuous casting with rolling of thin slabs, some differences in the design of process parameters are necessary. By example of a commercial low carbon NbTi-microalloyed steel, laboratory tests have been carried out by using a thin-slab continuous casting simulator on-line with the hot deformation simulator Wumsi. The influence of the temperature of intermediate holding (between casting and rolling), total strain e Σ , finishing temperature and cooling rate after finishing on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated on rolling schedules with or without roughing prior to finishing. Conventional cold charging (with reheating of thicker slabs) was simulated as a comparison to this. Whereas the static properties (tensile test) were less influenced by e Σ and by the design of rolling schedule (with or without roughing), the properties measured by the low temperature impact test (at -30 °C) were more sensitive. By the optimizing process parameters of direct charging (finishing at temperatures of lower austenite, employing accelerated cooling after rolling) mechanical properties superior to those of cold charging (despite of largely reduced e Σ ) are attainable.


This paper elaborates the cultural background and the four systems against which individual initiating of business is encouraged in the United States.


This paper proposes two enhancements to the Noise Shaping (NS) algorithm with the intent of reducing the processing time required to shape the coefficients in the dual tree discrete wavelet transform (DDWT). First, Subband Significant Coefficient Determination (SSCD) will identify the most important coefficients while eliminating the others. A second algorithm, Energy Distribution Noise Shaping (EDNS) more efficiently processes the wavelet coefficients of the transform based on individual subband energy distributions.


Task-driven case teaching is in fact a teaching method of combining case teaching and taskdriven teaching.As a main line,task-driven teaching runs through the whole teaching process and plays the role of organizing the teaching.The concrete teaching process is based on cases.Through the analysis of the specific application of this method in the teaching of Course of Foundation and Cases for Photoshop 8.0,this paper aims to deepen the understanding of this method and will help implement the method conveniently in teaching activities.


In this paper, a new evolution model based on complex network among the cluster heads in wireless sensor network is proposed. The evolution model considered distributed and local-world mechanism during the evolving process. The theoretical analysis of this model exhibits a power-law degree distribution with mean-field theory, which provides good fault-tolerance. The degree exponent is not a fixed number, which changes with the distribution of the cluster heads and the energy as well as the communication radius. Furthermore, the degree exponent can lead to an upper limit -2 when the distribution of the cluster heads and the energy are both uniform distribution. Analysis and simulation show that the network exhibits well robustness and a power-law degree distribution.


The urgency of the problem stated in the paper is conditioned by the fact that the structural changes in the
 components of the global socio-economic development are characterized by the alternative models for the
 modernization of NIS, take place in conditions of instability, low activity of industrial companies in the
 development of high-tech industrial lines. Despite intensive efforts to modernize NIS of Russia, the number of
 organizations implementing various innovations is reduced. The purpose of the article is to develop a model for
 the national innovation system's functioning based on the development of regional engineering centers and small
 innovative business to achieve sustainable innovation development. The leading method to the study of this
 problem is the simulation method allowing the addressing of this issue as a purposeful and organized process to
 establish regional centers of engineering and integrated with them small innovative companies as the key
 elements of the national innovation system's development to distinguish areas of activities and their functions in
 the stages of advanced industrial technologies' development, implementation, maintenance and replication of the results among the rest of the companies. The analysis of theoretical and practical approaches to NIS
 development, based on the engineering activities is conducted, a concept of innovative development is proposed,
 where the central part belongs to the phenomenon of innovations' diffusion. The model is aimed at increasing of
 the level of innovation development of NIS, facilitating in the attraction of small innovative entrepreneurship in
 high-tech projects, ensuring the integration of research and education and industrial capacity, transferring of
 knowledge and scientific developments in the industrial sector, creating unified technological chains and the flows
 of innovations.


Obtaining quantitative ground-state behavior for geometrically-frustrated quantum magnets with long-range interactions is challenging for numerical methods. Here, we demonstrate that the ground states of these systems on two-dimensional lattices can be efficiently obtained using state-of-the-art translation-invariant variants of matrix product states and density-matrix renormalization-group algorithms. We use these methods to calculate the fully-quantitative ground-state phase diagram of the long-range interacting triangular Ising model with a transverse field on six-leg infinite-length cylinders and scrutinize the properties of the detected phases. We compare these results with those of the corresponding nearest neighbor model. Our results suggest that, for such long-range Hamiltonians, the long-range quantum fluctuations always lead to long-range correlations, where correlators exhibit power-law decays instead of the conventional exponential drops observed for short-range correlated gapped phases. Our results are relevant for comparisons with recent ion-trap quantum simulator experiments that demonstrate highly-controllable long-range spin couplings for several hundred ions.


Aim: To evaluate the mitral annulus characteristics in significant mitral regurgitant lesions using mitral valve quantification (MVQ) program. Methods: We examined 117 patients (39 women), aged 18–86. Patients were separated into four subgroups: 35 patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation, 42 patients with isolated prolapse of the mitral valve, 12 patients with Barlow disease, and 28 healthy controls. Mitral annulus was examined in end‐systole. The following parameters were assessed: anteroposterior and intercommissural diameter, perimeter of annulus, area of minimal surface spanning annulus and height of the mitral annulus. A new parameter—mitral annulus height index (height/circumference × 100) was introduced. Values of these parameters in subgroups with mitral pathology were compared with corresponding parameters of control group using Student t‐test. Results: In subgroups with mitral pathology all parameters except mitral annulus height and mitral annulus height index were significantly higher than those in the control group. Mitral annulus height was significantly higher in Barlow disease, significantly lower in mitral prolapse group and comparable to normal controls in the ischemic regurgitation group. Mitral annulus height index was significantly higher in Barlow disease and significantly lower in patients with prolapse and ischemic regurgitation. Conclusions: Barlow disease is characterized by dilation and vertical deformation of the mitral annulus (annulus height and height index increase). Prolapse of the mitral valve and ischemic regurgitation of mitral annulus involve dilation and flattening of the annulus (annulus height decreases in prolapse group significantly, in ischemic regurgitation nonsignificantly, while annulus height index decreases significantly in both subgroups). (Echocardiography 2011;28:461‐467)


This paper deals with the controller design of the attitude control system of spacecraft.The sliding mode controller was proposed to avoid the influence of parameters' uncertainty and the external disturbance.The delay factor was introduced in the reaching-law to reduce the control torque required by the system,which could save on the payload of the spacecraft.The simulation results are illustrated to verify the designed controller.The effect of improving the stability of the controller is also verified by using the sign function.


Tourism in East Java has a huge potential and need to be introduced to the wider community. To increase the user knowledge about tourism potential, we need media that can be utilized and can be reached by all groups. Illustration book is one of alternative media that can be applied. Books are media that can be interesting for children, especially because they are equipped with interesting illustrations, the using of bright color and the cuteness of character design. The use of character designs in this illustration book is a visual attraction. This research method uses descriptive qualitative method explains the character study in terms of several aspects, including iconic characters, the use of colors, the cuteness aspects of character design. This study produced a character design plan that was applied to the Heritage of East Java illustration book on the introduction of local culture in East Java. It is expected that the existence of character designs can facilitate the conveying of messages to users other than that it is expected to increase user knowledge of tourism in East Java


The 1979 accident at Three Mile Island Unit 2 dispersed fission products throughout the plant. Readings in the reactor building and the auxiliary and fuel handling buildings indicated that a substantial portion of the contamination was embedded in the nuclear-grade coatings used to paint the surfaces. Consequently, after general scrubbing, decontamination efforts have focused on ways to remove this embedded source. Methods used to remove the coatings are described. Success of the operations has been manifested in no contamination being found. This allowed the floor to be recoated.


Based on daily precipitation data of 37 meteorological observation stations from Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi during 1961-2008,a statistical analysis was conducted on the intrinsic characteristics of precipitation change in North China. The results show that influenced by the monsoon,North China rainfall was highly concentrated in the summer,accounting for 65% of the total annual precipitation. The many years averaged number of days of precipitation in North China was 76 days,summer with 35 days. Reduction of the annual precipitation was not caused by rain intensity changes,but mainly due to the impact of rainy days reduction. Rainy days decrease mainly occurred in the summer and reduced storm days played the most important role. This provided a guideline to improve the summer precipitation prediction in North China ,that is,to improve the summer precipitation forecasting techniques,focus should be laid on the heavy rain process forecast to analyze whether there will be conducive circulation situation to the rainstorms occurrence. It was not accurate to simply predict rainfall high or less than normal in summer through averaged circulation.


Flora and vegetation of the Do ˜ nana marshland in the context of the Do ˜ nana 2005 ecological restoration project Do˜ nana 2005 is an ambitious ecological restoration project that is developed in the wetlands of the Do˜ nana protected space (SW Spain). The objective of this article is to present the preliminary results of the Flora and Vegetation Team linked to the project. Floristic spectrum and phytogeographical elements from the flora of the study area are shown. Furthermore, data corresponding to the evolution of the land cover vegetation of the studied zones is offered.


A detailed introduction is given to how to establish the analysis model and way to calculate the spring rigidity in the analysis of dynamic response of long-span cable-stayed bridge,based on an example,this article analyses the influence of pile to dynamic characteristics further in the analysis of dynamic response of cable-stayed bridge.


Aortic insufficiency following left ventricular assist device implantation (LVAD) has been reported in up to 40% of patients and is associated with a worse prognosis. We describe the case of a successful transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement with a self‐expanding bioprosthesis for aortic insufficiency following destination LVAD implantation.


SUMMARY The aim of this paper is to categorize the major fixed grid formulations and solution methods for conduction controlled phase change problems. Using a two phase model of. a solid/liquid phase change, the basic enthalpy equation is derived. Starting from this equation, a number of alternative formulations are obtained. All the formulations are reduced to a standard form. From this standard form, finite element and finite volume discretizations are developed. These discretizations are used as the basis for a number of fixed grid numerical solution techniques for solidification phase change systems. In particular, various apparent capacity and source based enthalpy methods are explored.


The effect of including chestnuts in the formulation of the feed on carcass characteristics and meat quality from 24 castrated males Celta pigs was studied. The inclusion of 15% of chestnut (CH15) improved ( p 0.05) differences except for the carcass length and ham length, for which the CH15 group proved to be the group with the longest sizes. The diet did not affect the physicochemical properties (colour parameters, water holding capacity and shear force) of longissimus dorsi muscle. The composition of some fatty acids of the longissimus dorsi muscle was affected by diet. The total saturated (35-38%) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (8-10%) did not present differences. However, the increase of chestnut in the diet increased ( p <0.05) the monounsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat (57% in CH25 vs . 53% in control and CH15). Within monounsaturated fatty acids, the C18:1n9 was the most influenced by the diet. The expression of the enzyme that synthesizes C18:1n9 depend on the composition of the diet. Therefore, the lower content of protein and the higher amounts of C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 in the chestnut could be explaining the greater content of C18:1n9 in muscle of chestnut-fed animals. The main conclusion is that including chestnuts in the diet would allow reduce production costs with no effect or even improving carcass measurements and meat quality.


A method of making a laser body from a high density yttria-based ceramic material is provided. The method involves forming an aqueous solution containing water soluble salts of yttrium, thorium and neodymium, coprecipitating the cations from solution with oxalic acid, recovering the oxalate precipitate in the form of a purified dried powder, calcining the powder to convert the oxalates to the oxides, particulating the oxides in a rubber-lined ball mill, pressing the powdered oxides into a "green body", sintering the "green body" in a hydrogen atmosphere and rapidly cooling the sintered body to form an improved lasing ceramic material.


The study employed 206 entry-level, retail sales associates working for a large telecommunications company across 70 store sites. The purpose of the study was to discriminate successful performers from those with little sales potential via a valid, fair, and practical selection procedure. The experimental test set consisted of the General Ability Battery, Sales Attitude Checklist, Wonderlic Personnel Test, SRA Verbal Form, School and College Ability Test Verbal, SPA Arithmetic Index, and SRA Reading Index. Supervisory ratings and percent revenue data were used as measures of sales performance. Based on the multiple regression results, the SPA Reading Index and SRA Verbal Form were chosen to compose the final selection system for the retail sales position.


The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Sense of Coherence Scale (C‐SOC‐13) in women with cervical cancer in Mainland China.


Abstract Response to intervention (RTI) is an evidence-based approach to educational service delivery that is being increasingly adopted by schools across the country. To effectively implement RTI models, teachers require specialized training. Little is currently known, however, about the extent to which this training is being provided at the preservice level. The purpose of this survey study was to learn more about RTI-related training provided to preservice general educators in undergraduate elementary education programs. Respondents included 95 program directors of accredited college/university teacher education programs across the United States. Participants reported providing varying levels of didactic and applied training related to each of the six core components of RTI (i.e., multitiered service delivery, universal screening, progress monitoring, data-based decision making, evidence-based interventions, and fidelity of implementation). Although most teacher educators were familiar with the overall concept of RTI, over a third of respondents were not familiar with the core component of fidelity of implementation, and reported providing limited training opportunities in this area. Respondents also indicated whether preservice teachers in their programs receive training related to specific progress monitoring tools and evidence-based interventions. Implications for school psychologists, who frequently collaborate with teachers to implement RTI models, are discussed.


After Cassini's arrival at planet Saturn, its Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) experiment has performed numerous observations of a new type of planetary radio emissions in the lower kHz frequency range (< 50kHz). These bursty emissions have time scales of a few to 15 minutes and occur as slowly drifting events in the time-frequency spectrogram. They have neither been detected by the Voyager spacecraft nor by Ulysses. As a first approach to this new phenomenon, results of a statistical study with regard to the observer's position, i.e. Cassini's orbital position, will be presented. Furthermore, aspects of polarization will be highlighted as far as appropriate goniopolarimetric (3-antenna) observations are available.


Research identifies a national urgency to improve teacher performance and student achievement in science and engineering. This paper responds to this need and presents the results of seven-years of Research Experience for Teachers (RET) programs funded by the National Science Foundation in which engineering faculty collaborate with middle and high school teachers and their students. One program (3 years) is a comprehensive teacher professional development program in which middle school teachers participate in an intensive summer research experience in computer science and engineering labs, build curriculum based on the laboratory research content that they learn, participate in lesson study, and implement new curriculum in their middle classrooms. The second program (4 years) is a high school teacher RET program with similar components. This paper reports the results of both of the RET programs. The two programs had the combined intent of bringing innovative computer science and engineering research to middle and high school teachers and their students and improving teacher performance, while simultaneously improving student achievement through scientific inquiry, engaging students in computational thinking, and engineering design. The programs' design included a summer intensive experience in which teachers fully participated in a computer science or engineering laboratory research and engaged in an inquiry focused content-to-pedagogy teacher professional development workshop, building curriculum from their lab research experience with foci on scientific experimentation and improving students' science achievement and literacy. The programs were both aligned with Common Core Math Standards and Next Generation Science Standards and addressed the research question: What is the impact of an intensive research-based teacher professional development program on teacher and student performance? In total, seventy teachers and their 10,398 students participated in the two RET programs combined. Assessment metrics used to determine the impact of the two RET programs were: a teacher instructional performance metric, the Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrumentrevised, a science qualitative reading inventory, grade and content specific concept inventories, and a motivation for science questionnaire. The combined program results were the following. The RET teachers had a mean science teaching efficacy significantly higher than the national average. The mean score on teacher performance rating was also significantly higher than the state's average rating. The RET teachers also had a significant performance gain pre-to-post program. Student related results indicated gains as well. Specifically, the participating teachers' students made significant gains during their curricular intervention resulting from their teachers' participation in the RET programs. The students gained science and engineering knowledge, increased their science interest and motivation, and demonstrated gains in science literacy as well. These results indicate that research experience for teachers programs benefit both the teachers and the students that they teach. Introduction and program need [Portions of this paper in the review of the literature and research design have been reprinted from the 2016 ASEE Poster Session Papers, which provide preliminary material for the reader.] There is a growing national concern over decreases in science achievement in middle and high school. Paired with it are challenges associated with workforce declines in STEM-related careers. In response, in a recent PCAST report recommendations for recruitment of science and engineering students and corresponding recommendations for increased attention to strategic STEM-related instruction and teacher professional development have emerged. A significant challenge facing urban science teachers is a low sense of self-efficacy in teaching STEM content. Additionally, a recent large-scale study of teachers revealed that secondary teachers indicated a strong need for help in the area teaching in science, and that a weakness of existing professional development was in the lack of attention to the needs of English learners (EL) and the lack of long-term follow up. This suggests a significant need for professional development of the type offered in these RET programs so that all students can benefit. Intervening with teachers via lesson study and using high quality research in developing middle and high school curricula is an important way of positively impacting student outcomes. These points are essential for strategic intervention connected to professional development for teachers and are precisely the focus of the SRET RET and ACCESS 4 Teachers RET programs, which are represented in this manuscript. A major reason posited for poor student achievement in science relates to teachers' preparedness in science. Stigler and colleagues found that US teachers were quite ill prepared to teach science compared to other nations. In particular, middle school teachers have been found to be unprepared due to their limited science content knowledge and their inability to apply math to science content. Researchers hypothesize that this is because the majority of middle school teachers are "generalists" in that they often hold elementary multiple subject credentials and achieve their secondary credentials by exam rather than by studying scientific subject matter. With the implementation of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), which have both contemporary engineering and science at their core, increasing both middle and high school teachers' content knowledge is critical. While there are many skills needed to teach science and now engineering effectively, deep interconnected subject matter knowledge is crucial in secondary schools. Researchers argue that in-service science teachers, particularly in middle and high schools, fall short in their understanding the depth of contemporary science content and its tied to engineering they are now required to teach. For example, Parker et al. found that, while high school teachers were most likely to have deep science content knowledge, middle school teachers' science knowledge was limited. Only 13% of studied high school teachers had low levels of science knowledge as opposed to 63% of middle school teachers. In contrast, 56% of high school teachers showed high levels of science content knowledge in comparison to 23% of middle school teachers. The RET programs which are the subject of this manuscript focus on addressing the content area needs of both middle and high school teachers by immersing them in sciencemath pairs in cutting-edge computer science and engineering labs and guiding them in curricular development using their research experiences as content applied to a lesson study approach.


Data are tabulated on the availability and outage rates for all types of electric power generating plants operating in the U.S. during the period from 1967 through 1976. The power plant types include fossil-fueled, nuclear, hydro, and pumped storage. The outages include those scheduled for maintenance and normal operation and unplanned or forced outages. (LCL)


Based on the presentation of green energy-saving techniques, such as smart traffic allocation, carrier frequency smart power off, discontinuous transmission, smart amplifier control and enhanced coverage, and natural cooling base station design idea, it describes the green GSM network solution of ZTE.


Reverse leakage current (IR) is a problem that degrade electrical characteristics and power diode effective. This paper presents the parameter extraction and analysis reverse leakage current of N-type silicon power-diodes with different geometries. All power diode were tested in 3perimeter and effective areas as follows: 0.58 cm, 0.98 cm,1.72 cm and 0.022 cm2, 0.062 cm2 0.192 cm2, respectively. We found the reverse leakage current increase with the larger junction perimeterto effective arearatio (P/A) that meaning the inverse leakage current increase with perimeter of the junction.


This article offers a new mapping procedure—used in conjunction with Holland's (1985) hexagon—to help clients identify and explore occupational alternatives.


Twelve children with phenylketonuria diagnosed and treated from the first few weeks of life were grouped into pairs. Before the trial all of them were receiving a commercial preparation containing a protein hydrolysate low in phenylalanine (Cymogran, Allen and Hanburys Ltd.) as a substitute for natural protein. One of each pair was given an amino acid mixture instead of Cymogran for about 6 months. Use of the mixture involved considerable modification of the diet, and in particular the inclusion of greater amounts of phenylalanine-free foods. All six accepted the new mixture without difficulty, food problems were greatly reduced, parents welcomed the new preparation, and the quality of family life improved. Normal growth was maintained and with a mixture of l amino acids the plasma and urinary amino acid levels were normal. Further studies are needed before the mixture can be recommended for children under 20 months of age.


In this paper we consider spatiotemporal dynamical systems modeled by coupled, or uncoupled but noise-driven, map lattices. In particular, we examine reports in the literature where it is found that the distribution of certain mean-field quantities violates the law of large numbers (hence nonstatistical) but not the central-limit theorem. Our results show that the origin of such nonstatistical behavior is due to the statistical dependence between random variables at different lattice sites, thus rendering nonapplicable to such situations the law of large numbers and the central-limit theorem. Additional issues explored include the discussion of a special class of systems where nonstatistical behavior is not observed and the physical motivation for considering uncoupled but noise-driven map lattices.


Innovative principle comes from certain innovative thinking, and it is the crystalization of innovative law . Its basic principles include combination, implantation, transformation, reduction, circulation and Completion, innovative principles apply to all kinds of innovative activities.


Thinking one is better than peers is generally associated with positive psychological outcomes like increased self-esteem and resilience. However, this tendency may be problematic in the context of collective action problems, wherein individuals are reliant on others' prosocial behaviors to achieve larger goals. We examined this question in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, and recruited participants (n = 1022) from a university community in Spring 2020. We found evidence for a self-peer asymmetry, such that participants reported that they were doing more to stop the spread of the disease and were more prosocially motivated than peers. Actual peer reports indicated that these were overestimations. This self-enhancement tendency comes with a cost: the perceived self-peer asymmetry mediated the relationship between Covid-specific worry and general anxiety during the early lockdown period. This indicates that while believing one is doing more than others may be maladaptive in collective action problems.


Secondary CO2 fluid inclusion arrays in peridotite xenoliths from basalt are formed by the healing of CO2-filled microcracks. We have produced healed microcracks and deformation textures comparable to those in xenoliths by deforming peridotite ifi the presence of excess CO2 fluid at a constant strain rate of 10−5 s−1, a confirming pressure of 1.0–1.5 GPa, and a temperature of 800°–1050°C. Plastic and micro-clastic deformation textures coexist, and healed microcracks extending out of (100) and (011) olivine deformation lamellae have the crystallographic orientation of microcracks nucleated on pileups of (100)[010] and (011)[100] edge dislocations. Healed microcracks in olivine grains without deformation lamellae tend to be in these orientations or in the orientation of microcracks nucleated on pileups of (110)[001] and (010)[001] edge dislocations. The same crystallographic orientation of healed microcracks is present in peridotite xenoliths from basalt. The steady flow stress data of the experiments without added CO2 fluid fit a power law with a stress exponent n of 3 and a thermal activation coefficient of 410 ± 50 kJ mol−1. The maximum stress that can be supported by samples with added CO2 fluid is 100–300 MPa less than the flow stress of samples without added CO2 fluid. The reduction in niechanical strength correlates with an increase in the concentration of intragranular healed microcracks and an increase in the proportion of healed microcracks inclined to the maximum compressive stress direction. Strength and microcrack characteristics of experiments with CO2 performed at 1.5 GPa are similar to experiments without CO2 at 1.0 GPa. The dependence of strength and microcrack concentration on confining pressure suggests that the principal effect of the CO2 fluid is to reduce the effective confining pressure and to promote microclastic deformation mechanisms. The similarity of experimental textures to xenoliths suggests that CO2 fluid may produce semibrittle mechanical behavior in the regions of the lower lithosphere where xenoliths originate.


Through the processing of mineralogical study on a copper ore from Jilin province in China, it found that the copper exist mostly with the form of chalcopyrite, and others exist with the form of copper oxide minerals which with complex ingredient. The copper oxide minerals are due to the altered of the edge of chalcopyrite, and have not formed the independent copper oxide ore. It belongs to unconventional hard-to-beneficiate copper ore. Coarse grinding fineness and bulk floatation was used to recover the copper oxide ore and copper sulfide ore by using amino double phosphoric acid and butylamine dithiophosphate as the collector. This process was similar to the carrier flotation and achieved an effective processing of the copper oxide ore and obtained a high-grade copper concentrate assaying 15.8% with a high recovery of 82.4%.


Preface PART I. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF MINORITY GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES 1. Diversity in the United States: Questions and Concepts The Diversity of Minority Group Experiences What Is a Minority Group? The Pattern of Inequality The Visibility Factor Key Concepts in Dominant-Minority Relations Main Points For Further Reading 2. Assimilation and Pluralism Assimilation Pluralism Segmented Assimilation and Contemporary Immigrants Other Group Goals Conclusions Main Points For Further Reading PART II. UNDERSTANDING PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION 3. Prejudice Prejudice versus Discrimination Cognitive Aspects of Prejudice: Stereotypes Theories of Prejudice Types of Prejudice Main Points For Further Reading 4. Prejudice in the 1990s: Is It Declining? The Decline of Prejudice Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination Modern Racism A Resurgence of Prejudice? Main Points For Further Reading PART III. UNDERSTANDING THE PAST 5. Minority Groups in Preindusdtrial America: African Americans, Native Americans, and Mexican Americans The Origins of Slavery in America The Creation of Minority Status for Native Americans The Creation of Minority Status for Mexican Americans Conclusions: Comparing Minority Groups Main Points For Further Reading Industrialization and Dominant-Minority Relations Industrialization and the Shift from Paternalistic to Rigid Competitive Group Relations Immigrant Minority Groups African Americans: From Slavery to Segregation Late Industrialization and Minority Groups The Shift from Rigid to Fluid Competitive Relationships Conclusion Main Points For Further Reading PART IV. UNDERSTANDING THE PRESENT 7. African Americans: From Segregation to Modern Institional Discrimination and Racism The End of De Jure Segregation Developments Outside the South Protest, Power, and Pluralism Black-White Relations Since the 1960s Conclusions Main Points For Further Reading 8. Native Americans: From Conquest to Tribal Survival in Industrial Society Native American Cultures Comparing Minority Groups Developments After the 1890s Protest and Resistance Continuing Competition: The Modern Battle for Resources and the Struggle for Development Native American-White Relations Since the 1960s Conclusions Main Points For Further Reading 9. Hispanic Americans: Colonization, Immigration, and Ethnic Enclaves Mexican Americans: Developments During the 20th Century Puerto Ricans Cuban Americans Recent Immigration from Latin America and the Caribbean Hispanic-White Relations in the 1990s Conclusions Main Points For Further Reading 10. Asian Americans: Modes of Incorporation Asian Origins Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Chinese Americans Japanese Americans Immigration from Asia Since 1965 Contemporary Asian American-White Relations Comparing Minority Groups Main Points For Further Reading 11. European Americans: Assimilation and the Persistence of Ethnicity European Origins Initial Conditions of Entry Developments Since 1900: Mobility and Integation Main Points For Further Reading PART V. A GLOBAL VIEW, A SUMMARY, SOME CONCLUSIONS, AND A LOOK AT THE FUTURE 12. Minority-Dominant Relations in Cross-National Perspective A Brief View of Major Analytical Themes A Global Tour Conclusions Main Points For Further Reading 13. Minority Groups and U.S. Society: Themes, Patterns, and the Future Six Americans Revisited The Importance of Subsistence Technology The Importance of the Contact Situation, Group Competition, and Power Diversity Within Minority Groups Assimilation and Pluralism Minority Group Progress and the Ideology of American Individualism A Final Word Appendix: Internet Resources References Glossary/Index


The study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional and sensory attributes of maize based complementary food fortified with pigeon pea and Moringa stenoptela leaves. Methods of laboratory analysis and required reagents to determine each proximate composition were of analytical grade. A total of five food samples (FS1, FS2, FS3, FS4 and FS5) were formulated. The formulated five food products were evaluated for proximate composition to determine the nutritional value by using standard methods. The sensory evaluation of the prepared food sample were determined by 30 untrained breast feeding farmers from the study area. The nutritional analysis result indicated that crude protein, crude fat, moisture content, ash content, crude fiber and total carbohydrate of maize+moringa+pigeon pea fortified complementary food were ranged between 8.48-16.32%, 4.56-4.79%,4.60-4.79%, 5.5-7.8%, 1.32-2.60%, 67.21-76.38% respectively and increased significantly (p≤0.05) with the increasing amount of pigeon pea and moringa. But moisture and total carbohydrate contents decreased significantly (p≤0.05) when compared with common complementary food that was purely maize based. The sensory evaluation results indicated that appearance, taste, texture, odor and over all acceptance of semi-solid complementary food were ranged between 2.7-4.7, 2.4-4.9, 3.2-4.9, 2.6-4.7 and 1.8-4.8 respectively. The significant (p≤0.05) difference for sensory evaluation was attained for maize alone (FS1) and food sample with 10% moringa fortified with 5% pigeon pea and 85% maize (FS2), 15% moringa fortified with 10% pigeon pea and 75% maize (FS3), 20% moringa fortified with 15% pigeon pea and 65% maize(FS4) attained at p≤0.05. In conclusion, increasing moringa and reducing maize during complementary food preparation increased almost all nutrients except its moisture content. However, sensory acceptability of the sample decreased due to lack of familiarization and awareness of the evaluators in the study area.


The 21st century learning model is a way/technique used by teachers to facilitate the best child learning safeguard according to child's condition, child's learning environment, and carrying capacity. The characteristics of learner of the 21st century is important for teachers and parents to know how to facilitate their learning. Mitchel Resnick developed a Creative Learning Cycle method that promises to improve 21st century skills. Creative Learning Cycle method is suitable for elementary school. Creative Learning Cycle consists of 5 stages: Imagine, Create, Play, Share and Reflect. The purpose of this research is to create creative learning model as implementation of curriculum 2013 at elementary school in Bandung to reach 21st century skill. This study uses the correlation method between 21st century learning methods, 2013 curriculum, and 21st century skills. Creative Learning Model as a Learning Implementation of Curriculum 2013 has a positive effect on the achievement of 21st Century Skills students though not all of them have a significant influence.