Specificity and information are at center stage in ecological psychology. Nevertheless, the usual theorizing on these concepts may have made the problem of accounting for perception and action more difficult by so far underestimating the role of animals as both meaning-detectors and meaning-determiners. The usual understanding of information and specificity in ecological psychology seems neither necessary nor even compatible with ecological premises and empirical findings. I argue that a reframing of these concepts to fully take animals into account is necessary to explain perception of action-specific meanings. The reframing proposed converges on ideas from developmental systems theory and in no way concedes to inputs-followed-by-processing-followed-by-representation models. Fully acknowledging the animal for properly defining information over the animal-environment system poses no threat lawfulness, realism, or direct perception. It also invites serious consideration of self-organization and interactivism as sources for further development of ecological science.


The present invention for grinding, more particularly, the tungsten carbide buttons on the cutting teeth or drill bit and cutter to an apparatus for grinding, and the pores of the cutting edge of a shock or the rotary drill bit or a tunnel drilling machine cutter and RBM cutter of hard metal inserts and the grinding cup the present invention relates to means for mounting the grinding machine to be separated, holding that grinding cup 130 is removed through to a motor drive grinding machine 10 for grinding button bits apparatus 120, the holder is a grinding machine having an output shaft and an apparatus, (a) and a drivable drive member (121) having one end coupled to the output shaft, the free end and the drive member extending outwardly from the grinding machine of the grinding machine has a passage, (B) the driving doedo free end 124 of the member 121 is coupled to the cavity 137 is formed so as to be positioned in the center portion on the top surface of said grinding cup (130) Is formed in the lock and the grinding cup is connected to be driven by the drive member, (c) operatively between the drive member 121 and the cavity 137. The said grinding cup on said drive member for holding removably It characterized by configured by not means (140 141) to be coupled.


(.)Control treatments were sole-crop corn and corn following sole-crop corn. Interseeded soybean treatments in the association year were Bragg, Corsoy, and McCall cultivars, each seeded with corn at ratios of one, two, and three soybean seeds per corn seed(.)


After being part and parcel of early modern intellectual culture (see the chapter Astrology in the Early Modern Period in Denmark in the present volume), astrology experienced a massive decline, but was like in other Western countries revived toward the end of the nineteenth century. The rise of astrology in the contemporary era in Denmark was here – as elsewhere – intimately connected with the successful dissemination of other esoteric currents, primarily the Theo sophical movement, and until the mid-1950s astrology unfolded mainly within closed esoteric societies such as the Theosophical Society and the Anthroposophical Society. This period until the mid-1950s is not very well documented, and the present presentation will therefore mainly focus on astrology in late modernity. One of the best-known astrologers of the first part of the twentieth century was Max Heindel (1865–1919), who was born in Denmark but emigrated early in life to Scotland and later to California, where he founded the Rosicrucian Fellowship and wrote several books on astrology, among others Message of the Stars (1917). However, he is not part of the development of astrology in Denmark, which only took off many years after his departure. As for the period in focus in the present chapter, the earliest astrology book in Danish, Astrologi og symbolik (Astrology and Symbolism), was written by the Freemason Ove Rosmund (who later changed his name to Rosmon) and was published in 1926. Rosmon (1893–1961) is the most salient figure in Danish astrology prior to World War II. He also wrote the popular book De 12 mennesketyper. Den esoteriske astrologis grundprincipper (The Twelve Human Types: The Basic Principles of Esoteric Astrology) which was published in 1936 and later reprinted in 1944, 1956, and 1967. The Theosophical Society expanded in Denmark during the 1920s and many of the pioneers of astrology came from this movement. Among these one can mention Poul Kastrup (1910–1964) and Carl V. Hansen (1907–1976). Together with the flamboyant astrologer, fakir, hypnotist, and illusionist, Louis Brinkfort (1888–1958), they published the occult magazine OM. Louis Brinkfort wrote one of the first Danish sun sign astrology books, Zodiakken – din fødseldag, din


Short Description In the past 2 decades, significant insights have been gained into the role that genes play in several neurological disorders including epilepsy (Helbig et al. 2008; Deprez et al. 2009). The impact of currently available genetic information is relatively limited due to the small percentage of patients in whommutations are identified. The primary consequence of the identification of mutations in genes associated with a specific disorder is the implementation of genetic testing into the routine diagnostic workup (> Fig. 99-1). Although the diagnosis is made on clinical grounds, molecular testing might potentially confirm the diagnosis. The absence of mutations in a gene-disease nevertheless does not exclude the diagnosis since both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity are possible: mutations in the same gene might cause different phenotypes and on the contrary similar phenotypes might be associated with mutations of different genes.


This paper analyzes the gait properties of a limit-cycle walker that achieves constraint on impact posture in traversing steps. First, we develop the mathematical model of a simple walker and describe the problem formulation. Second, we analytically derive the transition function of state error for the stance phase according to our method. The function derived is a semianalytical solution because it includes an unknown parameter. We then conduct numerical simulations to examine the accuracy of the semianalytical solution of the transition function obtained through comparison with the numerical solution. We also discuss the changes in the state error when the walker traverses small steps.


In its original usage, the term {open_quotes}circuit rider{close_quotes} described a minister supported by several congregations, who rode from rural church to rural church spreading religion. Today, thanks to a grant from the Department of Energy, there`s a new kind of circuit rider at work in small communities and rural areas, spreading the gospel of integrated resource planning. The concept of the circuit rider was advanced in 1994 by a coalition of associations, private businesses and government agencies, including the American Public Power Association, the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, the federal power marketing agencies and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The group proposed to DOE the creation of a program for the advancement of integrated resource planning (IRP) in public power, designed to extend the resources and capabilities of publicly and cooperatively owned utilities in IRP by offering a several types of assistance, including training, direct consultation and publications.


The agent of social control role and its responsibilities and goals provide an important function in social work practice. Workers in varied positions often combine this role with others that define the profession. Yet in the not too distant past, a debate arose as to whether this role, focusing on promoting and protecting the general welfare of society, could be congruent with also fostering the improved functioning and self‐determination of individual clients. Periodically, this topic emerges to challenge the appropriateness of these dual activities in satisfactorily and equitably serving both constituents. Within the field of substance abuse, court‐mandated referrals have established a need for practitioners to perform social control tasks to monitor and report clients' compliance with and progress in treatment. This has created a conflict for many who consider their practice to be client‐centered. This article will explore the dilemmas experienced in attempting to simultaneously carry out both roles and the guidance provided from the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. In addition, proposed strategies to reduce the duality of difficulties will be summarized.


An intellectual "power tool" is a practice that dramatically simplifies certain problems, but that requires skill and preparation to use effectively. Teaching "power tools" in conjunction with substantial "real-world" projects is a popular way to awaken students to the importance of "power tools." This paper describes an effort to measure the extent, if any, to which such a project really increased students' appreciation for a particular "power tool." The project in question comes from a theory of programming languages course, and uses formal specifications as a "power tool" for language implementation. Surveys conducted before and after the project suggest that it did indeed increase students' appreciation for mathematical specifications.


Online Orchestra was an Arts & Humanities Research Council-funded project, run by Falmouth University from October 2014 to March 2016, in collaboration with the University of Bristol, the Philharmonia Orchestra and the Cornwall Music Education Hub. It involved an interdisciplinary team of 55 research and support staff, and a further 60 young and amateur musicians.This special edition of the Journal of Music, Technology and Education sets out detailed findings from the Online Orchestra project through a range of articles written by various members of the research team.


From a preliminary study of the factors accompanying and influencing metabolism as determined by the O2 consumption during embryonic development made on four species of insects the following conclusions are drawn:I. The weight of the egg shell is an important factor and should be taken into consideration.II. The effects of temperature are not as pronounced during the formative period as during the period of late incubation.III. The explanation offered for the variation in the length of the formative period is the length of the incubation period and not the place where the eggs chance to be laid as has been suggested.


The present invention targets the three crops, namely, pepper, soybean, cucumber and the concentration and time of the benzo-thiadiazole (benzothiadiazole) a benzo-thiadiazole (benzothiadiazole) to induce plant systemic induced resistance to minimize the inhibition of plant growth effect It will be announced by.


Ten okra genotypes were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, during 2015 and 2016 dry seasons. The objective was to assess the degree of genetic diversity and heritability of different traits of okra. The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p<0.01) differences among okra genotypes for plant height, days to 50% flowering, fresh pod length, fresh pod diameter and fresh weight per pod in both years. High heritability, genetic advance as percent of the mean and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for all the studied characters except fresh pod diameter and days to 50% flowering. This indicated diverse genetic background and predominance of additive gene control for these characters, thereby providing a great scope for selection. Mahanalobis D 2 analysis allocated the 10 genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I was the highest cluster consisting four genotypes, followed by cluster II with three genotypes and cluster III two genotypes, while cluster IV was monogenotypic. Involvement of the highest yielding genotypes (Salkade, Y'ar gagure and Kwadag) in hybridization could increase novel recombinants to exploit transgressive segregates with high genetic yield potentials.


In my last column as president, I revisit my passion for teacher preparation in geography. When Sarah Bednarz, 2015–2016 president of the American Association of Geographers, asked me to participat...


Recent theoretical and experimental work has shown that the simplest form of the Einstein equation relating induced absorption and spontaneous emission probabilities (characterized by Σ and τ−1) is not generally valid for impurities or color centers in solids, liquids, or molecules. Separate computations of these probabilities in systems exhibiting sizeable Stokes's shifts resolve some of the problems; they also disclose the difficulties involved in obtaining any connection between Σ and τ. Here we consider how the transition probabilities between a pair of electronic‐vibrational states are related. Observable quantities, i.e., integrated absorption cross section and the radiative decay time, involve sums and averages over the vibrational states, and no definite theoretical information relates these quantities. However, there is a simple connection between induced and spontaneous emission probabilities. New experiments which could yield information about the rate of lattice relaxation are suggested from t...


Abstract Disclosure: N. Bäcklund: None. S. Lundstedt: None. T. Olsson: None. P.M. Dahlqvist: None. G. Brattsand: None. Introduction: The short Synacthen test (SST) is a cornerstone in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI). However, cortisol levels in serum or plasma may be misleadingly elevated by estrogen containing oral contraceptives (OCs), due to increased levels of cortisol binding protein (CBG). This may falsely declare a woman with AI to be cortisol sufficient. Salivary cortisol and cortisone closely correlate with the unbound fraction of plasma cortisol and is thus less likely to be influenced by variations in CBG levels. Our hypothesis was that the salivary cortisol and cortisone response to SST would be similar in women with and without OC use. Materials and methods: A standard intravenous 250 µg SST was performed in 87 women without known diseases or medications affecting the cortisol axis, 41 using OCs containing ethinylestradiol and 46 controls. Plasma cortisol was analyzed by Roche Elecsys Cortisol II assay and salivary cortisol and cortisone by LC-MS/MS in samples collected at baseline (time 0), and 30 and 60 minutes after Synacthen injection. The effect of OCs upon plasma cortisol, salivary cortisol and salivary cortisone was assessed by a two-way ANOVA with sampling time after SST as repeated measure. Results: There was an overall effect of OCs on plasma cortisol, but not on salivary cortisol or cortisone. Plasma cortisol levels were considerably higher in the OC group vs. controls at all time points; +150% at 0 minutes; +90% at 30 minutes; and +86% at 60 minutes. There was a significant interaction between OC use and sample time point for both salivary cortisol and cortisone. Mean salivary cortisol in women using OCs was 37% higher vs. controls at 0 minutes but was instead lower in the OCs group at 30 and 60 minutes after SST (-13% and -11%, respectively). Similarly, mean salivary cortisone was also slightly higher in the OC group than controls at baseline (+13%) and somewhat lower at 30 and 60 minutes (-6% and -7%). Conclusion: Plasma cortisol levels during an SST were significantly elevated in women using OCs containing estrogen whereas OC effects upon salivary cortisol and cortisone levels were modest, especially for salivary cortisone. Analysis of salivary cortisone is a promising alternative to plasma cortisol for diagnosis of AI in women using OCs. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023


Hypertrophic differentiation of differentiated MSCs has been a main barrier in application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage repair in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a well-known Runt domain containing transcription factor promoting OA progression through inducing chondrocyte hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanisms of RUNX2 involved in differentiated MSCs hypertrophy remains not be fully understood. Thus, we firstly isolated MSCs from male Sprague-Dawley rats and induced them to be differentiated MSCs. Then real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to determine the expression levels of cytokines, differentiated MSCs markers and hypertrophic markers. The results showed the expression levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, HIF-1α, TNF-α, TGF-β and SDF-1) and differentiated MSCs markers (ACAN, COL2A1 and SOX9) were significantly up regulated in differentiated MSCs, while the expression levels of hypertrophic markers (ALP, COLXA1, RUNX2 and MMP13) were obviously down regulated. Then the expression of RUNX2 was silenced in MSCs. RUNX2-silencing suppressed the expression levels of hypertrophic markers and elevated differentiated MSCs markers. Furthermore, with the elevated concentration of SDF-1, the expression levels of RUNX2 along with hypertrophic markers were significantly down regulated. In conclusion, RUNX2-silencing could inhibit hypertrophic differentiation of differentiated MSCs through up-regulating SDF-1, which suggest RUNX2 might be as a potential molecular target against OA and deserves further investigation.


We analyze the threshold properties of small area selectively oxidized vertical cavity lasers. Agreement for threshold gain versus laser size is found using the experimental intrinsic threshold voltage matched with a gain theory, as compared to a two-dimensional optical cavity simulation. Our analysis indicates the increasing threshold current density of small area lasers arises from both increasing threshold gain and the concomitant increasing leakage current. We further show that the optical loss can be reduced for lasers with areas as small as 0.25 μm2 while maintaining sufficient transverse optical confinement by displacing the apertures longitudinally away from the cavity and reducing the oxide thickness.


In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in tulum cheese samples sold in Isparta province and to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles and resistance genes in S. aureus isolates. A total of 141 presumptive S. aureus colonies were isolated from 75 Tulum cheese samples. As a result of Gram staining and catalase test, it was determined that 100 of the isolates had Gram positive cocci morphology and catalase positive feature. Whether these isolates are members of the S. aureus species was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primer pairs specific to the thermostable nuclease gene ( nuc ) in S. aureus . As a result of PCR experiments, nuc gene-specific 458


The social and economic cohesion across the European territory represents one of the main tasks of the European Community. This goal goes along with the objective to reach a balance and sustainable growth and economic convergence at the regional and country level, as well as to avoid income and employment disparities. However, due to different reasons (e.g. factor endowment, agglomeration economies, infrastructure facilities or innovation networks) this goal may be difficult to obtain. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show the forces which may impede the cohesion of the European territory. This is done through the tools offered by the new economic geography and the endogenous growth theories. Looking at these perspectives a framework with some proposals to improve regional policy at European, national and local level can be provided.


New lubricant production build is almost solely for Group II and Group III products. To stay competitive, more Group I refiners are implementing technology changes to upgrade products to the Group II/III level. Finding frequent application are ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company's (EMRE's) two commercial technology paths for high quality lubricants. The EMRE LHDC / MSDW TM technology pairing converts VGO's to Group II/III lubricants. For Solvent Plant retrofits, the RHC TM / MSDW technology pairing converts solvent raffinates to Group II /III lubricants. All technologies have extensive commercial experience in making these high-quality lube products, in viscosity grades up through Bright Stock. EMRE's MSDW Selective Dewaxing process is the clear leader in the manufacture of high quality lubricants, in both Grass Roots units and with replacing a high number of competitor's catalyst loads. MSDW's commercially long catalyst life (now up to 10 years and counting, with several units at 7+ years) and catalyst selectivity produce products from very light neutrals through Bright Stock. The MSDW catalyst commercial performance consistently gives very high product yields, exceptionally high reliability--even through upsets--and excellent feed flexibility. Using MSDW catalyst as replacements in their catalytic dewaxing units, plants have been able to expand production and enhance operational flexibility. In moving from existing solvent-based Group I operations, EMRE's commercially proven RHC / RHT, provides the feeds to MSDW for grades from very light neutrals through Bright Stock, with the same superb performance as with hydrocracked feeds. We will further discuss operating history and development trends for high-quality lubricants, and the EMRE process applications to fit every need, demonstrated by years of operation in both licensee and ExxonMobil affiliate units.


Resumen en: This paper describes a research project carried out in a public rural school in a town in Boyaca. This Qualitative Case Study aimed at exploring students...


We nd explicit multiplicity-free branching rules of some series of irreducible nite dimensional representations of simple Lie algebrasg to the x ed point subalgebrasg ae of outer automorphisms ae. The representations have highest weights which are scalar multiples of fun- damental weights or linear combinations of two scalar ones. Our list of pairs of Lie algebras (g;g ae ) includes an exceptional symmetric pair (E6; F4) and also a non-symmetric pair (D4; G2) as well as a number of classical symmetric pairs. Some of the branching rules were known and others are new, but all the rules in this paper are proved by a unied method. Our key lemma is a characterization of the imiddlei cosets of the Weyl group ofg in terms of the subalgebrasg ae on one hand, and the length function on the other hand.


This paper will introduce the Microsoft Windows Registry database and explain how critically important a registry examination is to computer forensics experts. In essence, the paper will discuss various types of Registry "footprints" and delve into examples of what crucial information can be obtained by performing an efficient and effective forensic examination. Many of the Registry keys that are imperative and relevant to an examination will also be discussed.


This section characterizes insurance as an economic tool of environmental policy meaningful for ensuring environmental safety of industrial operations. The importance of insurance mechanisms in securing an environmental liability regime, which is an integral part of the regulatory framework for environmental safety, is demonstrated. The author follows Russian researchers asserting that insurance can and should be considered as a mechanism for assuring environmental security through improved environmental safety (e.g. Shutov, 2002, Baydakov and Serov, 2003).


The number of older patients with head and neck cancer is increasing. Cetuximab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab were approved for head and neck cancer in recent years based on the results of clinical studies. Physicians should choose appropriate treatments for older patients according to not only subgroup analyses by age of clinical studies but also physical status, comorbidities, nutritional status, and patients' preferences. The combination of chronological age and performance status alone does not reflect heterogeneity of the older cancer population. Geriatric assessment rather than routine oncology evaluations may better assist in taking treatment decisions in older cancer patients because it more accurately identify their vulnerabilities, chemotherapy-related toxicities, and prognoses.


The Use Case Abstractor (UsCaAb) tool automatically recovers use case diagrams from C++ and Java software systems. The target system is represented by the E-M-M graph; hence this graph is analysed to identify groups of related components implementing the use-cases and the relationships among them. The aim of the tool is to provide software engineers with a useful and extensible environment supporting program comprehension, software maintenance and testing tasks.


Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a novel treatment for depression. Our published randomized controlled trial shows that MBCT improves symptoms of late‐life depression (LLD) and anxiety (LLA). We now examine whether continuation sessions of MBCT (MBCT‐C) can prevent LLD/LLA symptom recurrence.


The behaviors of three structurally similar salan- and phenoxyimine-based catalysts activated by perfluorophenylborate were compared in the early stages of ethylene polymerization. It was found tha...


The invention discloses an automatic calibration method of a pulse coefficient of an automobile traveling data recorder. One point in a vehicle traveling route is selected as a starting point, another point is used as an end point, statistics of the pulse mileage and the GPS mileage from the starting point to the end point are carried out respectively, and pulse coefficient after calibration=pulse coefficient before calibration*(pulse mileage/GPS mileage). With adopting the method and in an automatic traveling data recorder afterinstallation market, the pulse coefficient of the recorder is not required to be calibrated by technical personnel, the manpower cost is greatly saved, the labor intensity is reduced, and the work efficiency is improved.


Author Institution: Department of Physics, The Ohio State University; Department of Physics, Osservatorio de Arcetri; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kobe University


With the draft of 802.11g standard approved, the 802.11 standard series becoming improved, and the chip sets of 802.11a published, a new application tide of WLAN will be seen, and the standard competition of WLAN will be more fierce. In this article, the IEEE 802.11 standard family and their progress, including 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g are introduced, their technologly and performance are compared, and the market prospect is anticipated.


Suppose π1,…,πk are k normal populations with πi having unknown mean μi and unknown variance σ2. The population πi will be called δ∗-optimal (or good) if μi is within a specified amountδ∗ of the largest mean. A two stage procedure is proposed which selects a subset of the k populations and guarantees with probability at least P∗ that the selected subset contains only δ∗-optimal πi 's. In addition to screening out non-good populations the rule guarantees a high proportion of sufficiently good πi'S will be selected.


The results of the analysis of the concept "pedagogical support" in the context of school students" professional self-determination are presented in the article. The basic contradictions in the interpretation of this concept are selected the author"s position is marked the stages of pedagogical support for forming of students" sense relation to future professional activity are described.


The sheer size of texture data and the complexity of custom shaders in production rendering were the two major hurdles in the way of GPU acceleration. Requiring only tiny modifications of an existing production renderer, we are able to accelerate the computation of global illumination by more than an order of magnitude.


Abstract The present research has been carried out to compare the level of social and emotional maturity of senior school adolescents of working and non-working mothers. The sample of the study comprised of randomly selected 277 students from schools located at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Social Maturity Scale by Rao, Emotional Maturity Scale by Singh and Bhargava and a self-designed questionnaire were used to collect data. The result of the study highlighted significant differences between the social and emotional maturity of adolescents of working and non-working mothers. Adolescents of working and better educated mothers were found significantly more socially matured than those of non-working and working but less educated mothers. On the contrary, adolescents of nonworking mothers were found to have significantly better emotional maturity than adolescents of working mothers. However, all the components of social and emotional maturity were found to be significantly and positively correlated with each other across working status of mothers.


Luminescent colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have unique optical and photonic properties and are highly sensitive to charge transfer in their surrounding environment. In this study we used synthetic peptides as physical bridges between CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs and some of the most common redox-active metal complexes to understand the charge transfer interactions between the metal complexes and QDs. We found that QD emission underwent quenching that was highly dependent on the choice of metal complex used. We also found that quenching traces the valence or number of metal complexes brought into close proximity of the nanocrystal surface. Monitoring of the QD absorption bleaching in the presence of the metal complex provided insight into the charge transfer mechanism. The data suggest that two distinct charge transfer mechanisms can take place. One directly to the QD core states for neutral capping ligands and a second to surface states for negatively charged capping ligands. A basic understanding of the proximity driven charge-transfer and quenching interactions allowed us to construct proteolytic enzyme sensing assemblies with the QD-peptide-metal complex conjugates.


It describes embodiments of systems and methods for wireless communications. In some embodiments, the plurality of fragments of MAC management message is transmitted. Each fragment includes a sequence number identifying the order of the fragments, having a transaction ID that identifies the MAC management message to at least one other message of the plurality of fragments. .FIELD 1


Abstract : The M1A1 Abram's Main Battle Tank (MBT) is expected to remain a key piece of USMC equipment beyond 2025. Because the majority of equipment life-cycle costs occur in the operations and support phase, it is imperative that program managers incorporate effective and efficient product support strategies, balancing costs and reliability to create value for the government. The purpose of this project is to determine the effects of age, as measured by the time since the last depot-level rebuild, on equipment operational availability for the M1A1 MBT in the Marine Corps. Our study includes an overview of the history of M1A1 development, Department of Defense materiel maintenance policy, M1A1 rebuild strategy, and prior M1A1 reliability studies. We reviewed depot- and unit-level maintenance records within the USMC's System Operational Effectiveness database to establish a correlation between years since last rebuild and operational availability (Ao). The objective of our research is to quantify the age-related effects on Ao to better inform the decision-making process of USMC leadership in determining materiel maintenance strategies.


This article considers the oscillatory laminar flow of an incompressible fluid in a rectangular duct and expresses the flow rate due to an oscillatory pressure gradient using a frequency transfer function. For the description of the frequency characteristics, selection of a reference length suitable to the duct cross section is important. The selected reference length in this article is the radius of a circular tube whose flow rate is equal to that of the rectangular duct when the fluids are the same, and applied steady pressure gradients are the same. This reference length makes it easier to distinguish changes in the dynamic characteristics due to magnitude variation of duct cross sections from those due to shape variation of the duct cross sections. Numerical investigation of the exact transfer function reveals that a first-order system accurately approximates the transfer function. The aspect ratio of the rectangle determines the cut-off frequency of the first-order system.


This paper proposes a technique to determine online the stator resistance and the stator leakage inductance of a four-phase induction machine in a four-phase drive system. These parameters are obtained by solving a least squares minimization problem. The technique is conceived to be used online with the drive strategy without disturbing the machine electromagnetic torque. Experimental results are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique.


Teaching and learning of medical ethics and law are at the heart of medical education because they are integral to all clinical encounters and public health interventions, and a foundation in medical ethics and law is essential for students to become virtuous doctors. The first model curriculum for medical ethics and law within medical education in the UK, published in 1998, has recently been reviewed and updated. Now called a core content of learning, it emphasizes that teaching and learning of medical ethics and law should be attuned to the students' needs appropriate both to their particular stage of training and to relevant specialty-specific ethical issues; is a shared obligation of all teachers throughout the course; and should be integrated vertically and horizontally throughout the whole medical curriculum. The General Medical Council and the British Medical Association have confirmed that the revised core content of learning is consistent with their guidance on undergraduate education.


The formation and variations of pattern of landscape of degree of potential danger of soil erosion are the results of multi factor interaction of nature and man made. The paper reveals the distribution characteristics and the law of spatial variation of degree of potential danger of soil erosion of hilly regions in ji'nan by using the principle of landscape ecology and through the analysis of category, quantity, area and spatial combination of landscape spots.


Abstract : Kinetic reaction of hemagglutination inhibition was developed by Casals in 1962. He used this reaction for study of antigenic relationships between strains of equine encephalomyelitis viruses. His results permit one to conclude that some differences exist between strains isolated in different areas of the western hemisphere. In this study the authors investigated the relationships between eight strains by means of this kinetic hemagglutination inhibition test.


Seven female and five male children with severe atopic eczema who had failed to respond to conventional topical steroid and emollient application were treated with a 2-week course of once-daily diluted 0.1% mometasone furoate wet-wraps. Their mean age was 8.5 years (range 3-12 years). The treatment was carried out on an outpatient basis for 10-12 h daily. Clinical severity scores (CSS) measuring the severity of clinical lesions and self-assessment scores (SAS) referring to scores of symptom severity reported by the patients/parents were recorded. A significant improvement as shown by a marked reduction in CSS and SAS was seen in 11 patients, and overall mean scores were significantly improved (P&lt0.005). Adverse effects were mild, tolerable and self-limiting, and posttreatment early morning plasma cortisol levels were not depressed. We conclude that supervised outpatient treatment with diluted 0.1% mometasone furoate wet-wrap dressings is a very effective and safe short-term treatment for severe atopic e...


A 76–year–old Caucasian woman presented to our hospital with progressive exertional fatigue and weight–loss over 2 months.Her past medical history revealed a recent local–hospital admission because of atrioventricular third–degree block, requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. At presentation her cardiovascular exam was normal.Laboratory studies revealed elevated LDH and PCR; electrolytes, cardiac biomarkers and complete blood count were normal. ECG demonstrated AF and ventricular stimulation.Transtoracich echocardiography showed LV hypertrophy in the basal segments, with normal ejection fraction and a reduced LV–GLS with a relative apical sparing pattern.There was a large, well–circumscribed mass arising from the right atrium, with a contextual moderate pericardial effusion (Fig1).Vasculitic, thrombophilic and infectious work–up were negative.The patient was immunocompetent. CMR was proposed but could not be performed due to patient claustrophobia. ECG gated cardiac CT was carried out for a better differential diagnosis of the mass, as well as to look for possible embolization or primary tumours, in the hypothesis of cardiac metastases. A CT total body showed a large ill–defined mass invading the interatrial and interventricular septum with projections into the left ventricle. Not enlarged lymph nodes were detected with neither hepatosplenomegaly nor abdominal lymphadenopathy. A total body 18FDG PET revealed significant tracer uptake in the heart and pericardium without extracardiac uptake, consistent with a malignant cardiac mass (Fig2).LV endomyocardial biopsy was attempted: pathology revealed large B–cell lymphoma expressing CD20, Bcl–2, Bcl–6, Mum–1, C–myc and with a high Ki67 proliferation rate. The patient underwent six cycles of chemotherapy(R–POCH).Echocardiography imaging after the second cycle showed significant reduction in myocardial wall thickness and concomitant improvement in LV–GLS. Repeated PET–CT scans 6 months post–chemotherapy showed complete remission with no evidence of FDG–avid lymphoma (Fig3). Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is an extranodal non–Hodgkin's B–cell lymphoma exclusively located in the heart or pericardium, accounting for 1–2% of primary cardiac tumours. PCL often presents with non–specific clinical symptoms making the diagnosis challenging. Multimodality approach and myocardial biopsy are essential in the diagnostic work–up. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial since a good response to chemotherapy is expected.


This paper proposed a scalable Web service discovery architecture based on DHT (distributed Hash table) peer-to-peer overlay network named PWSD(peer-to-peer Web service discovery).In PWSD,the service descriptions are managed in a completely decentralized way.Moreover,since the basic peer-to-peer routing algorithm can not be applied directly in the service discovery process,the basic peer-to-peer routing algorithm was extended with XML support,which enables PWSD to support XPath query.The experimental results show that the PWSD has good scalability.


Guided wave imaging with a sparse array of inexpensive transducers offers a fast, reliable, and cost-efficient means for damage detection and localization in plate-like structures such as aircraft and spacecraft skins. As such, this technology is a natural choice for inclusion in condition-based maintenance and integrated structural health management programs. One of the implementation challenges results from the complex interaction of propagating ultrasonic waves with both the interrogation structure and potential defects or damage. For example, a guided wave interacts with a surface or sub-surface defect differently depending on the angle of incidence, defect orientation, and ultrasonic frequency. Fortunately, however, this complex interaction also provides a mechanism for guided wave imaging algorithms to perform damage characterization in addition to damage detection and localization. Damage characterization provides a mechanism to help discriminate between actual damage (e.g. fatigue cracks) and benign changes, and can be used with crack propagation models to characterize the stress state. This work proposes the combined use of two guided wave imaging techniques to perform both damage localization and characterization. The robustness of conventional delay-and-sum imaging to errors in a priori assumptions make it ideal for use in locating potential damage locations. Minimum variance imaging, which is highly sensitive to errors in a priori assumptions, can then be leveraged to characterize the potential damage location by determining which scattering assumptions best match the measured data. Scattering assumptions are obtained through finite element modeling (FEM). Experimental data from an in situ sparse array are used to demonstrate feasibility of this approach using two through-thickness notches of different orientations, one inside and one outside the array bounds, to simulate damage in an aluminum plate.


One of the targets of Europe's growth strategy (Europe 2020) is "reduction of poverty by aiming to lift at least 20 million people out of the risk of poverty or social exclusion†. Since poverty is a multidimensional concept, EUROSTAT proposes three indicators to calculate it: people at risk-of-poverty after social transfers (persons are at risk of poverty if their equivalent disposable income is below the risk-of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60 % of the national median after social transfers); severely materially deprived people (severely materially deprived persons have living conditions greatly constrained by a lack of resources and cannot afford at least four of the following: to pay rent or utility bills; to keep their home adequately warm; to pay unexpected expenses; to eat meat, fish or a protein equivalent every second day; a week holiday away from home; a car; a washing machine; a colour TV; or a telephone) and people living in households with very low work intensity (persons are defined as living in households with very low work intensity if they are aged 0-59 and the working age members in the household worked less than 20 % of their potential during the past year.). We concentrate on the first two indicators and analyze the relationships between them using the Spanish Survey on Living Conditions 2010. Following EUROSTAT methodology we found that 2,590,148 Spanish households can be considered poor and 504,227 are deprived. But only 262,280 are, at the same time, poor and deprived. In order to improve deprivation index we substitute EUROSTAT methodology by Fuzzy method but results do not get better. Additionally, we test both deprivation indicators with households' income distribution (percentiles) and find very significant inconsistencies: some deprived families belong to the highest income percentiles and some variables used to work out the indexes have sample problems. The main conclusion of the article is that in order to calculate a poverty multidimensional index we should take into account that social exclusion variables and indexes have to be analyzed very carefully before using them to classify people as deprived, at least in the Spanish case. Key words: deprivation, poverty, index JEL code: I32


The article analyses the reception and translation of the chapter Du pouvoir exécutif of Jean Louis de Lolme's work, which was published in both El Censor by Antonio José Valdes and El Independiente by Pedro José Agrelo, in the context of the debate over forms of government in the Buenos Aires press. Both newspapers presented their readers with two different political models to adopt in the Río de la Plata. On the one hand, Agrelo defended the English constitution from a republican perspective, and on the other, Valdés praised the English constitutional monarchy. The translations published by both editors were a creative appropriation and interpretation in order to support their political proposals, which shows how the same author, in this case De Lolme, can be read differently in relation to the political intention of the translator.


The accuracy of underwater electric field detection determines the accuracy of underwater target identification and positioning. The original electric field will be affected when the measurement device is put in underwater electric field. The formula of underwater electric field where the three-component sensor is put in was established and the influence coefficient of the electric field was proposed by numerical simulation. The specific functional relationship of electrode length, electrode radius, Z measuring distance and influence coefficient was established. Both numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrated that underwater electric field is not affected when the three-component sensor is in the far field; the electric field effect can be neglected when the measuring distance is greater than 4 times the electrode length or the measuring distance along the axial radius is greater than 2 times the electrode radius. Research conclusions are of important significance to accuracy of actual electric field measurement.


Hydroponic is a farming method that utilizes water, minerals, and oxygen. This study aims to find out the best nutrition towards growing curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by using the NFT (nutrient film technique) hydroponic system integrated with sensors to measure EC concentration of nutrients, pH acidity, and RH air humidity. This study also incorporates a grouped randomized design with two nutritional treatment (code P1 and P2), with 20 replication. The results showed that nutrition P1 producing a better variable compared to nutrition P2 in terms of plant length, quantity of leaves, length of root, total mass of fresh plants, total mass of plant crown, total mass of fresh roots, and chlorophyl content. Key words: NFT hydroponic system, nutrition, curly lettuce


Solid-state lighting (SSL) luminaires containing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have the potential of seeing excessive temperatures when being transported across country or being stored in nonclimate controlled warehouses. They are also being used in outdoor applications in desert environments that see little or no humidity but will experience extremely high temperatures during the day. This makes it important to increase our understanding of what effects high temperature exposure for a prolonged period of time will have on the usability and survivability of these devices. Traditional light sources "burn out" at the end of life. For an incandescent bulb, the lamp life is defined by B50 life. However, the LEDs have no filament to "burn". The LEDs continually degrade, and the light output decreases eventually below useful levels causing failure. Currently, the TM-21 test standard is used to predict the L70 life of LEDs from LM-80 test data. Several failure mechanisms may be active in a LED at a single time, causing lumen depreciation. The underlying TM-21 model may not capture the failure physics in presence of multiple failure mechanisms. The correlation of lumen maintenance with underlying physics of degradation at system level is needed. In this paper, Kalman filter (KF) and extended Kalman Filters (EKF) have been used to develop a 70% Lumen Maintenance Life Prediction Model for LEDs used in SSL luminaires. Ten-thousand-hour LM-80 test data for various LEDs have been used for model development. System state at each future time has been computed based on the state space at preceding time step, system dynamics matrix, control vector, control matrix, measurement matrix, measured vector, process noise, and measurement noise. The future state of the lumen depreciation has been estimated based on a second-order Kalman Filter model and a Bayesian Framework. The measured state variable has been related to the underlying damage using physics-based models. Life prediction of L70 life for the LEDs used in SSL luminaires from KF- and EKF-based models have been compared with the TM-21 model predictions and experimental data.


Changes in the Scottish hen harrier population over the past 50 years appear to be associated with the development of coniferous afforestation. Increases or range extensions have occurred in some areas with recently established first rotation forests, where harriers are believed to have benefited from the increased cover and prey resources that result from fencing. Conversely, population declines have been reported in areas where maturing trees have reduced the availability of open and semi-open ground for nesting and hunting. Clear-felled plantations restocked with trees could potentially provide suitable habitat for a further period, although current evidence suggests that harriers make only sporadic use of second rotation forests for nesting. The extent to which harriers utilise first and second rotation forests for hunting has not previously been quantified, yet this knowledge is vital if we are to manage harrier populations effectively. This study examines time budget information from watches of breeding harriers which had access to various types of forest and moorland habitat. The relative use made of each habitat was determined, and preferences related to measures of vegetation cover and structure and estimates of prey abundance. Site occupancy and breeding success were related to the availability of the habitats studied. The study was undertaken in Argyll, west Scotland. Habitat selection by foraging harriers was investigated at 2 scales, the first reflecting the process by which a harrier came to be in a particular habitat, the second identifying specific components within habitats that were selected. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).


In order to connect two articulated neighboring elements E1, E2 for example on a solar panel satellite, there is provided a hinge 10 without friction and whose deployment kinematics can be known with great precision. This joint comprises two brackets 12, 14 adapted to roll on one another by two cylindrical surfaces 12a, 14a. The guide bearing is provided by flexible members such as bearing plates 16, 28 whose ends are fixed to the fittings and pass, crossing between the cylindrical surfaces 12a, 14a. A tensile prestress stored in the blades prevents fluctuation between the fittings, particularly during deployment. The engine torque ensuring the automatic deployment of the articulation and its locking end position, is provided by elastic strips 36 connecting the two brackets and each formed of two superposed blades.


Underwater acoustic (UWA) communications suffer from the following factors: many multi-paths, slow propagation speed, rapid time-varying channels, and various noise such as the sound of marine animals and artificial acoustic systems. Moreover, since there are no strict standards or specifications for UWA communications, UWA communications generally employ cognitive radio (CR)-based ad-hoc networks, and recently, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) has been adopted to improve CR-based communication performance by maximizing multiplexing gain. However, due to the CR protocol, the performance of the UWA communication is significantly affected by sensing techniques. Therefore, this letter proposes a deep-learning-based spectrum sensing scheme in an OFDMA-based UWA-CR network. Compared to the existing schemes, the proposed scheme has a limited sensing time even shorter than one symbol duration, which is effective in a UWA environment where a long symbol duration is essential. In addition, by learning animal noise and interference caused by the broken orthogonality of OFDMA, the proposed scheme increases the detection accuracy of idle channels and recognizes animal sounds to prevent damage to animal. The simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme.


These days, when project are so wide, bugs or defects do exist as a glitch in the system and they are usually inevitable in software development. A bug might be in either its design or a program's basis code. Massive amount of bugs might be originate in system development. It is comparatively not easy to manage bugs in simple word documents or keep in mind the whole thing in one's brain. Because of this, it becomes very significant to have suitable bug tracking tool. A bug tracking tool handles communication among teams more efficient and every bug and changes are systematically recorded in web based system and hence the approach is scalable. The idea behind this paper is to analyze different bug tracking tools, and the idea is to provide innovative set of selection criteria that provides more gratifying solution, as the industry wants to choose the finest tool among the offered set of tools that will be assisted in fixing and tracking the overall progress of bug fixes.


This volume completes publication of the cuneiform documents of the Hellenistic period in the Yale Babylonian Collection, begun by A. T. Clay in 1913. This long-awaited edition contains reproductions of 103 texts from the city of Uruk, dating to the period from Alexander the Great to the Parthian conquest of Seleucid Babylonia. The texts include both private business transactions (sales, deeds of gift, divisions of property, quitclaims, a work contract, a lease contract, and a receipt) and documents from the administrations of the greatest Uruk temples, the Res and Irigal.


Community participation in schools mean positive contributions of parents, general public, people representatives and retired servants in enhancing enrollment, minimizing absenteeism, voluntary teaching, financing and monitoring construction works in schools .It is an important trend in education. Many countries are welcoming communities for the betterment of educational institutes. Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is also favouring the concept of community participation in education. It is providing millions of rupees for spending in schools through communities. The provincial government has clearly mentioned it in the job descriptions of District Education Officers of schools that they will involve community in improvement of schools. This study aims to judge that to what extent the said officers are fulfilling that objective effectively. Each district has three managers of schools, i.e. one is District Education Officers, second is Deputy District Education officer and the third one is Sub divisional Education officer. Out of 75 such officers in the whole province, fifteen officers of the five districts were selected for the study. Data regarding their role/contributions in this regard was collected through a questionnaire. The data were tabulated and analyzed by using Chi-Square. It came to know that in five obligations the efforts of these officers to involve communities in schools were ineffective, while in three aspects their efforts were effective. It was recommended that the provincial government should stress the above officers to fulfill their duties with respect to community participation in education through proper planning, the government should support this involvement through media so that masses may be aware of their role in schools.


Use of Biotechnology to Engineer Starch in Cereals Diane M. Beckles and Maysaya Thitisaksakul Department of Plant Sciences, University of California—Davis, Davis, California, U.S.A. Abstract The starch accumulated in rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, and millet grain is indispensible for human survival as it accounts for most of the consumed calories. In addition, cereal starch is used in its natural or modified state as a healthful food, and as an environmentally friendly additive or replacement for petroleum-derived fuel and polymers. Therefore, developing cereals that accumulate higher endosperm starch and starches with novel polymeric properties could help to meet the dual challenges of sustaining human population growth needs while minimizing some of the harmful environmental impacts. Despite its fundamental impor- tance, comparatively little is known about the mechanistic basis of starch biosynthesis. This entry provides a basic overview of the "starch field" for the beginner. First, the various uses of starch, its structural organiza- tion and biosynthesis, and how its functionality relates to its structure are outlined. Second, how recent bio- technological advancements are leading to the discovery of new genes that modulate starch and to novel starches generated through genetic engineering are described. Finally, some of the remaining questions and challenges that must be tackled in order to meet the goal of increasing starch production for use as a food, feed, fiber, and polymer in the next 50 years and beyond are illustrated. INTRODUCTION Starch is a natural polymer of glucose. It is deposited as water-insoluble granules in most plant tissues, but in cereal it makes up ∼70–90% of endosperm dry weight, and serves as a dense and rich source of carbon and energy. [1] Depend- ing on the nutritional status of the plant, starch biosynthesis can be triggered, enhanced, slowed down, or even inhibited to suit plant growth requirements. The judicious allocation of carbon from photosynthetic tissues to the seeds for long- term storage enhances survivability in the next generation and thereby increases plant fitness. [2] Storage starch also plays a critical role in the human diet, accounting for 50–80% of all calories consumed. In many economically advanced countries, cereal starch is abundant and cheap and as a result consumers expect starch products to provide not only basic nutrition but also health- ful benefits and high hedonistic value. For example, in many Asian markets, few compromises can be made with respect to the sensorial property of rice starch where texture and translucency are critical, and in North America and Europe, there is a surge of interest in slow-release, low- digestible starches. [3] These starches behave in a physiolog- ically similar way to fiber by creating an enhanced prebiotic effect that is associated with reduction in the occurrence of colon cancer. [4] The abundance, low cost, and physico-chemical versatil- ity of starch also makes it competitive as a raw material for the large-scale biomaterial processing sector. [5] About 35% of all starch in Western countries is used in its native or modified form as biopolymers in the food, textile, and paper manufacturing industries (Fig. 1). Maize starch use in the United States exemplifies this; most of it is not directly con- sumed, but is converted into a diverse set of products, rang- ing from animal feeds to sweeteners, to polymers, and fuels. [3] Many value-added starch-based biopolymers and starch-derived biofuels are projected to be less harmful to the environment than those derived from petrochemicals. [5] What these examples illustrate is that there is a need for cere- als producing a wide array of starches for non-food uses, and also, for increased starch production to ensure global food security. The goal of this entry, therefore, is to examine the many attempts to engineer starch to optimally meet its grow- ing and diverse end-uses. ORGANIZATION OF THE STARCH GRANULE Starch is composed of two large glucose polymers called amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is smaller, comprising 20–30% of the dry weight of normal starch, while amylo- pectin may be up to 100 times larger than amylose and makes up 60–70% of starch. Both polymers consist of glucose molecules connected by α-1-4-linkages creating glucan chains which are occasionally branched by α-1-6- linkages. The frequency of branching is higher in amylo- pectin (Fig. 2), [1] and is highly ordered so that chains of 3–4 signature lengths are created. These chains are arrayed to form clusters interspersed by regions with branch points (Fig. 2C). [2] The specific arrangement and architecture of these glucan chains permits their molecular self-assembly into a semicrystalline macromolecule and eventually to gran- ules of distinct sizes and morphologies at maturity (Fig. 2). [1] The morphology, sizes, and relative numbers of the granules Encyclopedia of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Food DOI: 10.1081/E-EBAF-120051354 Copyright © 2014 by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.


Indian space exploration has entered a new phase with the formation of the Indian Defence Space Agency (DSA) in 2018 and the procurement of anti-satellite capabilities in 2019. These two incentives prompted India to join the United States, Russia, and China in militarizing outer space. In a similar fashion, Israel conducted an ASAT test of the Arrow-3 missile interceptor aimed at the exo-atmosphere. While both India and Israel have described their outer space ambitions as removing debris from the lower orbit, the constant use of their military arsenals demonstrates their common goal of obtaining the upper hand over their respective rivals, Pakistan, China, and Iran. Prospects for their partnership in outer space are highly contingent on their cooperation in other defence domains, especially maritime security. For India, the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) is of utmost importance due to China's growing presence, whereas for Israel, the IOR represents a vital trade route that may be at risk due to the development of ports in Pakistan (Gwadar) and Iran (Chahbahar), through which these nations could acquire the means to expand their naval presence. Therefore, while space development complements geo-sensing, particularly in oceans, the interests of both India and Israel in space and IOR enhance the likelihood of their cooperation in these sectors. This paper evaluates how Pakistan, Iran, and China could form a trilateral alliance to counter the emerging US-supported Indo-Israeli nexus in IOR and outer space.


Background Oncology pharmacy is one of the most active areas of pharmacy practice. How to better serve cancer patients is a noteworthy topic for oncology pharmacists. Purpose To evaluate the impact of pharmacist led education on cancer chemothearpy. Material and methods A randomised controlled study was conducted at the department of oncology at our hospital. 155 cancer patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 76) or an education group (n = 79), based on a random number table. Patients in the education group were given a booklet 'Skills with cancer patients' and a session with a pharmacist, twice a week, for 2 months. Each session lasted approximately 30 min. Patient in the control group only received conventional chemothearpy without any pharmaceutical care/service. Questionnaires on KAP (knowledge, attitude, practice) and QOL (quality of life) were used to assess the impact of pharmacist education at the end of chemotherapy. Data were analysed with SPSS 13.0 software. Results During the study, two patients dropped out and two withdrew in the control group while two dropped out in the education group. There were no differences with respect to demographic or clinical characteristics between the two groups. Before the education intervention, there were no significant differences in KAP or QOL scores (baseline values) between the two groups. At the end of the study, knowledge, attitude and behaviour scores were notably increased from 9.94 ± 3.84, 15.64 ± 3.93 and 4.82 ± 0.84 to 17.11 ± 2.11, 22.04 ± 12.38 and 5.69 ± 0.47, respectively, in the education group. In the control group, only knowledge score was increased significantly while no notably change for attitude or behaviour scores. However, the final KAP scores in the education group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group. At the end of study, patients' emotional function and overall quality of life were increased while fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, insomina, constipation and diarrhoea scores were decreased significantly in the education group. No significant change occurred in the control group. Between the two groups, significant changes occurred for each score. Conclusion Educational pharmacy intervention led by clinical pharmacists has a positive role in increasing chemotherapy related knowledge, improving patient's negative emotions, coping better with chemotherapy adverse reactions and ameliorating the QOL of cancer patients. References and/or Acknowledgements China Guangdong Hospital Pharmacy grant (No.2012ZX001) No conflict of interest.


DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811051 In this Communication there is an error in the structure of substitution R2 of compound 17 in Figure 1, and the following graphics that describe the synthesis and characterization of 17 in the Supporting Information: Scheme S10 on page 18, Table S2 on page 43, and the insets of the NMR spectra on page 99–100. The substitution R2 of compound 17 in these graphics were meant to show an a-mannose moiety (see below).


2. Main result. By an eulerian digraph we mean a digraph in which the in-degree is equal to the out-degree at each vertex. Let ED ME ( n, t) be the number of labelled loop-free eulerian digraphs with n vertices in which the multiplicity of each edge is at most t. Allowing loops would multiply ED ME (n, t) by exactly (t + 1) n, since loops do not affect the eulerian property. For the case where t = 1, McKay [1] obtained the asymptotic formula


A thermoplastic binder material (8) in one or both of the pile and backing layers is used to bond these two layers together. A method for making a carpet comprises laying an upper layer specially chosen pile material on top of a lower layer of specially chosen backing material, and then bonding the two layers together by applying pressure. One or both layers at least partially comprises a thermoplastic binder material on the side facing the other layer, which is heated to a temperature above its m.pt. in order to bond the two layers together. Independent claims are also included for: (1) a carpet comprising pile and backing layers bonded together using a thermoplastic binder material with a relatively lot.,w m.p; and (2) the carpet-making machine, containing a heating device in between the press device and at least one of the feed devices for the pile and backing layers.


The robustness of a network is the extent to which the network is able to continue performing well when it is subject to failures or attacks [18, p. 1]. In order to quantify a network's robustness, all kinds of graph measures have been invented, each of which captures a different perception of robustness. This work revolves around two of them: the graph's algebraic connectivity and its effective graph resistance. The larger the graph's algebraic connectivity, the more robust the graph, while the larger the graph's effective graph resistance, the less robust the graph. We asked ourselves two questions, both of which are easy to understand: given a connected graph, the addition of which single edge will maximally increase the graph's algebraic connectivity? And, given a connected graph, the addition of which single edge will maximally decrease its effective graph resistance? Up to now, no one has detected any structure in either problem. An exhaustive search takes time O(N5), irrespective of whether robustness is defined as the graph's algebraic connectivity or minus its effective graph resistance. Kim [30] has formulated a clever kind of search that will output the answer to the first question in time O(N3), but otherwise no algorithms have been proposed. In this work, we first attempt to discover a structure in the second problem. It has been shown that the effective graph resistance of a graph relates to the eigenvalues of the graph's Laplacian, to the random walk on the graph, and to the number of spanning trees. We make use of the last two to slightly simplify the problem and as a result dispose of a fraction of its complexity — a lot of complexity remains. Afterwards we present the main contribution of this work: the application of a quantum search algorithm by Dürr and Høyer [16] to both problems. We show that the algorithm can be used to answer both questions in time O(N4), which means that it is the "fastest" known algorithm for solving the problem of minimising the effective graph resistance of the augmented graph. Finally, we also illustrate how heuristics can be used to speed up Dürr and Høyer's algorithm, in particular, we explain how by taking advantage of a very simple heuristic, the query complexity of the algorithm can be halved.


Introduction: This study aims to determine the implementation of supervision carried out by the Inspectorate of West Kutai Regency as an internal supervisory agency of the local government on the achievement of the performance of the BKD of West Kutai Regency as a regional staffing institution and what influences the implementation of supervision carried out by the Inspectorate of West Kutai Regency. This research was conducted in West Kutai Regency, with informants of inspectorate and BKD employees who were considered competent. Data was collected through field observations and in-depth interviews. Methods: This research method is descriptive and qualitative. Results: The results of the study show that the implementation of supervision carried out by the Inspectorate of West Kutai Regency on BKD through three stages, namely: First, the preparation of supervision carried out by inspectorate officials. . Second, the implementation of supervision carried out by inspectorate officials, the author considers that what is done by inspectorate officials has not been effective. Third, the implementation of the preparation and accountability of the audited SKPD reports, in this case, the BKD, has not been supported by the availability of accurate/valid data to be presented. Conclusion: The factors that influence the implementation of the inspectorate's supervision on the performance of the Regional Personnel Board of West Kutai Regency are: (1) Internal and (2) External factors.


Quantifying temperature variations at the micron scale can provide new opportunities in optical sensing. In this paper, we present a novel approach using the temperature-dependent variations in fluorescence of rare-earth doped tellurite glass to provide a micron-scale image of temperature variations over a 200 micrometre field of view. We demonstrate the system by monitoring the evaporation of a water droplet and report a net temperature change of 7.04 K with a sensitivity of at least 0.12 K. These results establish the practicality of this confocal-based approach to provide high-resolution marker-free optical temperature sensing.


• The technological revolution of communications and information has not reached everyone in the same way, at least in all its aspects. Nowadays, it is possible to have free access, in a simple way, to a wide variety of services that facilitate the management of organizations. • However, the lack of the adequate human and financial resources prevent the social sector from profiting from the advantages offered by new information technologies. • We know our market (thanks to the relationship developed through the idealistas.org site during the last 5 years), we know the technology and we know how to organize the service that will merge both, creating a real impact.


Based on the general context of the methodologies of FLE (French Foreign Language) theater, as a tool and/or strategy, occupies a more important place in the teaching and the learning of French in the last few years. In addition, according to some research, surveys, studies, and my personal experience as a language student, speaking is one of the weakest skills among students. It is for this reason that the creation of theater workshops is appropriate since, as some research have shown, theater offers advantages over the speaking of French. Moreover, theater can contribute to the body language and performance of future French teachers who are beginning to practice their profession. In this context, this project leads to two perspectives: teaching, addressed to teachers or/and future teachers (students of methodology and didactics of the Javeriana University) and learning, addressed to French students (students of the Internacionalizacion program of the Nacional University). For the elaboration of these workshops, theater concepts (such as speaking, body language, types of theatrical activities) and speaking concepts in French are taken into account in order to develop an integral and effective proposal. Likewise, the action research methodology proposes the stages that make it possible to structure and applies the workshops (observation and reflection, action and revision) and the research-creation methodology justifies the reason why the final result is part of the artistic field.
Keywords: Theater, FLE, Teaching, Learning, Speaking, body language.


Background:Coronary arterioveonus fistula(CAVF) is a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly in adults. CAVF is related with some clinical significances, such as angina, congestive heart failure and bacterial endocarditis. Method:We analyzed clincial characteristics in 10 patients(mean age=52.1±12.5 year) of adult CAVF, who were diagnosed as CAVF by coronary angiogram from Jan. 1993 to Mar. 1997 in Chonnam University Hospital. Results:Five out of 10 patients complained of chest pain, four had dyspnea and one had hemoptysis. In seven patients, arteries of CAVF were originated from left coronary arteries, from right coronary artery in one, and from both coronary arteries in two. CAVF was drained into pulmonary artery in six patients, right ventricle in two, right atrium in one, and left ventricle in one. Conclusion:Chest pain and dyspnea are common in symptomatic patients with CAVF. CAVF are originated most commonly from left coronary arteries and drained into pulomonary arteries in Korean adults.


The author considers the problem of professionally significant qualities of the students of specialty "Adaptive physical education" in the process of teaching physics in terms of the competency approach. In accordance with the educational objectives and methodology of a systematic approach, the author identifies the levels of professionally significant qualities of considering the method of their formation by means of integration of physics and physical culture, presents some results of the study.


A MIG double-beam gun is presented. The double-beam gun has two annular emitters. When the two beams are injected into the RF system, they can interact with the same mode distribution. The performance of the double-beam Magnetron Injection Gun(MIG) is studied with the particle-in-cell(PIC) code MIGIC for application 35GHz double-beam coaxial gyrotron. In this paper, MIG provide two 70kv, 10Amp beam with the velocity ratio 1.5. Minimum of the transverse velocity spread and the axial velocity spread is about 3%, 5% respectively.


Prediction of drainage water chemistry is a critical part of mine planning; particularly water and mine waste management. This study investigates a potential composition of drainage water for various storage times of sulphide-bearing geological materials by experimental data. The paper presents the results of Short-Term Leach tests and Humidity Cell tests for geological materials of the Nakhodka porphyry copper ore field, the Baimka ore trend (Western Chukotka, Russia). The results obtained can be used to forecast of wastewater composition as well at the initial stage of storage of sulphide-bearing geological materials as over the long-term.


The energy consumption in buildings accounts for about 25% of total energy consumption in Korea. To achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector (26.9% given BAU by 2020), it is urgent to improve energy efficiency of conventional buildings. The IEA (International Energy Agency) EBC (Energy in Buildings and Community) Programme is an international energy research and innovation programme in the buildings and communities. Collaborative R&D projects(Annex) are being conducted among 26 member countries. The IEA EBC has conducted research and development to reduce energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gas such as CO2 in the buildings and communities. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the current research trends of IEA EBC.


Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes, and it is one of the most important reasons leading to end-stage renal failure. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is very complex. It is the combined result of multiple factors based on the genetic background. Recent studies show that the combined effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and a variety of cytokines induced fibrosis are of great significance, and can further lead to renal fibrosis, and ultimately the development of diabetic nephropathy. With features like high incidence, difficult treatment, and poor prognosis, no specific therapy for diabetic nephropathy was particularly effective. Major pharmaceutical companies have invested in extensive research in diabetic nephropathy, achieved certain results, and found some new drugs for diabetic nephropathy. This article will introduce some new drugs for diabetic nephropathy.


Neoliberalism is an economic and production system that penetrates all scenarios of today's society. It not only has to do with the supposed free exchange of products, goods and services; but also with centralized management and


This study evaluates the development of information and information systems onhuman lives, the dependence of life and business on new technologies, and the development of issues, problems and insecurity in relevant systems andtechnologies. The role of information security may seem to be very important;hence, organizations and companies inevitably seek implementation of security. The aim of this research is to identify the priority of key success factors in implementing information security management system in Iranian Municipal Organization with the view of experts. The main research model includes seven keysuccess factors: top management support, information security policy (ISP), job responsibilities, the motivation of the employees, awareness and training programs, compliance with information security international standards, and using the services of the information security external advisors in information security management system implementation. The data were collected by questionnaires and the resultswere analyzed with SPSS software. Analysis obtained from one-sample T test suggests that top management support, information security policy (ISP) and awareness and training programs are the most important success factors in implementing information security management systems with the view of experts in the studied organization.

 Key words: Information security management systems, success factors, municipal organization.


The result of the 3-year neutrino magnetic moment measurement at the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) with the GEMMA spectrometer is presented. Antineutrino-electron scattering is investigated. A high-purity germanium detector of 1.5 kg placed at a distance of 13.9 m from the centre of the 3 GWth reactor core is used in the spectrometer. The antineutrino flux is 2.7� 10 13 ¯ �e/cm 2 /s. The differential method is used to extract �-e electromagnetic scattering events. The scattered electron spectra taken in 5184+6798 and 1853+1021 hours during the reactor ON and OFF periods respectively are compared. The upper limits for the neutrino magnetic moment µ� with and without atomic ionization mechanism were found to be 5.0� 10 −12 µB and 3.2� 10 −11 µB at 90% CL, respectively.


The increasing number of Covid-19 sufferers in various parts of the world to districts, and creating new clusters due to community non-compliance with health protocols. The increase in Covid-10 cases has an impact on the occurrence of criminal cases that need serious handling from the authorities. The police use a preventive approach to support the implementation of health protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic in order to reduce the spread of the Coid-19 virus through the activities of Bhabinkamtibmas personnel. Efforts to prevent the Spread of the Corona Virus (Covid-19) continue to be carried out by Personal Bhabinkamtibmas in the Labuhanbatu Police area, namely actively socializing the dangers of Covid-19 through activities of swan visits, socialization, education, mask raids, and installation of banners to campaign health protocols to the public such as wearing masks, wash your hands and keep your distance. Bhabinkamtibmas also synergizes with Babinsa (TNI) in suppressing the spread of Covid-19. These activities are in the context of realizing a reduction in the transmission of the Covid-19 case, increasing people's purchasing power, decreasing crime rates, and in the end security and public order (kamtibmas) can be conducive.


Every well-bred economist knows that a man named Adam Smith was born at Kirkcaldy in 1723, published a somewhat notable book in 1759 entitled The Theory of Moral Sentiments , and in 1776, when he was fifty-three years old, produced an extraordinary pair of volumes called An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations . Most young economists nowadays, I fear, do not read either work of the great Scotsman as we all once did—in the days when one could still take time to enjoy also the leisurely pace of Thackeray and Dickens, even Scott. Students who just skim the Wealth of Nations , or parts of it, would surely miss what has attracted my attention; and even scholars interested in Smith's economic principles would hardly perceive what I have in mind, namely, that he was noteworthy for his "unbounded benevolence," as one near-contemporary described him, and that he was "slow to think evil" as a recent biographer alleges. Apparently it was out of this abounding good nature that Smith alluded to "the avarice and injustice of princes and sovereign states, abusing the confidence of their subjects"; that he took opportunity to mention "the conveyances of a verbose attorney"; and that, with a more sweeping serenity, he recorded an observation of "the over-weening conceit which the greater part of men have of their own abilities." Biographers of Smith have been led to state that perhaps he was not as obviously religious as some of his contemporaries. He was perhaps a deist, even if he was a philosopher and a friend of Hume. John Rae reported that Smiths "opening prayers" at Glasgow were thought to "savour strongly of natural religion," and occasioned no little shaking of heads. Perhaps, then, one might expect Smith to have been somewhat less charitable toward wearers of the cloth than he was toward other groups.


We present the design of an implantable micro-stimulator intended for a cortical visual prosthesis. The device is composed of several integrated modules to be assembled on a thin and flexible substrate providing placement flexibility on the cortex. The stimulator provides the user with significant usage flexibility, supplying biphasic current pulses using either monopolar or bipolar configurations, with single or distributed return electrode, and having a fixed or dynamic reference voltage. Monitoring of electrode-tissue interface condition is possible by measuring both simulation currents and voltages at any electrode for enhanced safety, and for enabling troubleshooting after implantation. In order to avoid erroneous stimulation to be executed, potentially caused by the implant's wireless transcutaneous power transfer, constant parameters stored in volatile memory are constantly monitored, and in case of data corruption, stimulation is automatically disabled. A power efficient recovery and regulation circuit is proposed for providing dual supply voltages. Also, a bidirectional wireless link with data rates up to 1.5 Mbps and 500 kbps, downlink and uplink respectively, has been designed for use with a 13.56 MHz carrier. Performances attained with a prototype, combined with the stimulator module's configurable communication protocol, are suitable for a cortical implant having more than 1000 stimulation sites, which is expected to be sufficient for providing blind subjects with a useful vision.


The layout of urban charging stations is unreasonable, and it is difficult to charge green energy vehicles. Based on the above problems, the equalization, accessibility, allocation and construction rate of Tianjin Automobile Charging Station are studied. Firstly, the hot data of important places, charging stations and parking lots are obtained in Tianjin through Gaode API, then ArcGIS kernel density analysis, buffer analysis and other methods are used to study. The study found that the layout of automobile charging stations in Tianjin is relatively balanced, and the core area of Tianjin has achieved full coverage of automobile charging stations. When the service radius is 5 km, the relative coverage rate of the six outer suburbs is relatively low, of which Baodi District and Jizhou District have the lowest coverage rate, not exceeding 50%. When the service radius is 3 km, the coverage rate of the four districts around the city does not reach 90%, and the relative coverage rate of the six districts in the outer suburbs, except Wuqing District, is 50.43%, does not reach 50%. The allocation rate of charging stations in the parking lot is only 3.41%. Therefore, Tianjin should strengthen the construction of automobile charging stations, especially in the surrounding areas of the city. The construction of automobile charging stations should be expanded according to the regional hot spot demand analysis to meet the automobile charging needs of the general public.


Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) is an inevitable component in todays power system since a small catastrophe like fluctuations caused by the renewable energy sources, fast changing loads, electric vehicles, etc. will lead to the collapse of the whole system. This paper addresses the optimal planning of WAMS by Nash Differential Evolution (NashDE) Algorithm, in which the variables of the problem are clustered into number of clusters, and will evolve parallelly by Differential Evolution (DE) towards the global objective of the problem. For optimization problems which are based on the connectivity of variables involved as in most of the power system planning processes, the convergence speed will greatly improve if variables in a cluster are physically connected. Further, this will ensure global convergence of the problem. Hence, this paper proposes a NashDE algorithm in which the variables are clustered based on their connectivity. Markov Clustering Algorithm (MCL) is used for clustering the variables based on their connectivity. This is the first paper of such kind which addresses WAMS planning problem by Evolutionary Game Theory. Simulations are carried out for IEEE 14 and 30 bus test system using Python programming and the results are presented graphically.


The Harrogate Theatre panto is well under way again, this year featuring Jack and the Beanstalk. It has all the essential ingredients of a good ...


Because collaboration is often critically important to the success of efforts to implement the State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs), we studied existing collaborative SWAP implementation efforts to identify factors that contributed to their success. We documented 144 collaborative SWAP implementation efforts throughout the U.S. and selected six of these for intensive case studies. Through a model of the conservation process, we depict the factors that contribute to collaborative SWAP implementation: funding, labor, information, legitimization, coordination, agreement, dialogue, and relationships. This model can be used to identify possible objectives of collaborative SWAP implementation and develop strategies to make implementation successful. About half of the 144 efforts we documented focused on achieving on-the-ground conservation outcomes – either habitat and species restoration (38%) or land protection (13%). More than one-third of all cases focused primarily on generating resources for SWAP implementation – information (29%), funding (6%), or labor (2%). The remaining cases (13%) focused on reaching or refining agreement about conservation needs or strategies. We used social network analysis to explore the patterns of interactions between collaborators in successful partnerships. In contrast to some past work, which has found conservation efforts to be dominated by one or two key actors, all of the cases we studied had multiple actors representing different organizations playing important roles. Nonetheless, the roles of the actors were not completely balanced; actors exhibited varying levels of engagement in the conservation work. The cases in which the roles of key actors were most evenly balanced were the cases that focused primarily on reaching agreement on conservation objectives and strategies. Because the legitimacy of these efforts depended on widespread support, the partnerships benefitted from structures that provided diverse actors with relatively equal opportunities to influence decision making. The on-the-ground habitat restoration efforts showed more variability in the level of engagement of various actors. In these cases, the conservation agenda was reasonably well accepted and the work of the group focused primarily on achieving that agenda. The level of engagement of actors was determined primarily by what they could contribute to help achieve that agenda. Because actors had different resources at their disposal (funding, knowledge, control over land, etc.), their level of engagement tended to vary. The conservation work in most of our case studies depended on individuals who catalyzed the efforts. Although these catalysts played different roles in each case, they shared certain similarities. Each catalyst represented an organization viewed as having legitimacy in the conservation effort, either because it had statutory authority over the resource or controlled land on which the resource depended. Each demonstrated strong commitment to conservation, recognized and were able to address factors limiting progress on conservation, and paid considerable attention to fostering dialogue and relationships among collaborators.


As the most typical features of multinational companies and one of the most important international capital flows, overseas direct investment has become the main driving force in pushing the economic globalization. Although the global financial crisis is adverse to the production and sales of the export-oriented enterprises, it has created favorable opportunity for the enterprises to overseas investment and expansion. Taking the eastern region of Ningbo as an example, from the perspective of enterprises, problems of the overseas investment timing and risk prevention under the financial crisis are discussed in this paper.


Background: Evaluators often struggle with a reality that is messier and much more complex than a well-structured research design can cope with adequately, especially in this era of mass migration and globalization. Purpose: This manuscript illustrates the power of abductive research logic, the logic of discovery, in constructing a rigorous explanation of amorphous evaluation findings. A case study that illustrates this process is included. Conclusions: Applying abductive research logic (the logic of discovery) to the analysis of evaluation findings can connect the local with the universal. This, then, can lead to more profound and context-related findings, not to mention a greater contribution to scientific knowledge. This is especially true when one is working in unfamiliar environments, within other cultures, or with variables that are not clear or cannot be determine in advance.


Asymmetric syntheses of the highly substituted protected γ-amino acids 10a, 10b, 18, and 21 have been developed starting from the allyltitanium sulfoximines V and VI, respectively, and furan-2-carbaldehyde.


Construction of artificial reefs using shells,by-products in aquaculture,can not only protect the marine environment and fisheries resources,but also solve the problems caused by stacking,backfilling and decomposition of large numbers of discarded shells. The utilization of shells,and current development and ecological efficiency of artificial shell reefs are described from development history of both intertidal and neritic artificial shell reefs,and a reasonable way to predict the value of marine artificial shell reef ecosystem service and its development prospects are discussed. The further study on shell reef constructions is suggested via increasing research investments in many aspects and exploiting the advantages of shell reefs.


We present a numerical approximation of Darcy's flow through a fractured porous medium which employs discontinuous Galerkin methods on polytopic grids. For simplicity, we analyze the case of a sing...


This research paper centres on the optimum design, simulation and performance investigation of a micro-power system for off-grid locations. The objectives are to verify the monetary cost, power supply reliability and ecological benefits of the addition of wind turbines and solar photovoltaic array to a diesel generator system for electric power generation in remote sites. The optimum design configuration of the hybrid micro-power system was established on the basis of energy-balance estimations using the Hybrid Optimisation Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software. Simulations were carried out for a remote site in Maiduguri (lat. 11°50.9′N and long. 13°9.2′E), with a population size of 50 households, using the estimated electric load profile and 22-years meteorological data sets collected for the studied area. The results showed that a micro-power system made up of 75kW wind turbine, 46.7kW of solar photovoltaic generator and a battery bank capacity of 420.34kWh (24V, 17,514Ah) can reliably satisfy the electric power demands for a remote site at Maiduguri (with a daily peak and average consumption of 97.74kW and 563kWh/d respectively). Moreover, a monetary cost saving of over 79% in addition to a reduction of 5,125 kg/y of CO 2 emission per household energy consumption can be achieved compared with the traditional diesel-only power generation system.


It is intuitive that the motivation is the flood risk reduction in their residing areas when the local governments decided the priority and the allocation of public flood protections. However, the advantage of high income people and their political power is difficult to prove because that works under the table. We can only prove that through the outcome. We used the lowest administrative entity (villages) during extreme typhoon cases to have the data on residents' income and large sample size. Since we need widespread flooding to do this empirical study, the non-extreme typhoon cases are not suitable. Extreme cases seldom happen. Currently, we did not have the flooding probability of villages before the project. However, this study did proof that those 2006 high income (10%) villages had less flooding probability than 2006 non-high income villages during 2009 and 2010 typhoons in Southern Taiwan. Therefore, the topic of this paper can be changed to 'Are the Rich less Prone to Flooding during Typhoon Morakot and Typhoon Fanapi in the Southern Taiwan?'. I may point out this research limitation at the end of this paper.


The systematics of quasifree scattering have been studied and parametrized for incident proton energies of 100--1000 MeV on a variety of targets. The observed position of the quasifree scattering peak at various emission angles closely tracks the kinematics for free nucleon-nucleon scattering. The peak widths are a function of the incident energy and of sin{theta} in the {ital N}-{ital N} center of mass. The angle-integrated cross section is described in terms of a peripheral interaction with a single nucleon in the target nucleus and has a threshold of 150--200 MeV. The angular variation of the cross section is either nearly isotropic or, at higher energies, exponential in cos{theta}. The simple parametrization derived here allows a semiquantitative estimate of quasifree scattering peaks with no adjustable parameters.


ONE HUNDRED years ago Erasmus Wilson (1857) recognized an emotional factor in certain common dermatoses such as urticaria and eczema. In 1873 Tilbury Fox emphasized the " nervous " origin of dysidrosis. In 1891 Brocq and Jaquet first conceived the nevrodermites, and in 1932 Becker introduced the concept of neurocirculatory instability in the pathogenesis of certain skin diseases. During the last two decades interest in the psychosomatic approach to medicine has increased considerably and particularly so in dermatology. The skin, intimately connected with, and embryologically related to the central nervous system^ is frequently the somatic outlet of a psychosomatic disturbance. English (1949) lists the skin as third in importance after the heart and gastro-intestinal tract in the expression of psychic phenomena. The purpose of this communication is to call attention to a certain correlation which sometimes exists between psychic factors and photosensitivity, a correlation which I would call " psycho-photo-relationship ".


The study aims at theoretically developing and empirically testing a model for how exporting is embedded in international networking around the entrepreneur and co-marketing alliances. The sample consists of 58,161 entrepreneurs in 76 countries, which have been surveyed through the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The analysis of the data is done through hierarchical linear models. The results show that both networking and co-marketing alliances are promoting the export intensity of the firm. Furthermore, attributes of the firms and entrepreneurs shape the interpersonal networking and the inter-organisational relations. These findings contribute to the extant literature, such as that networking impacts export performance and that co-marketing alliances are a significant factor to take into consideration in future exporting endeavours.