Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV) is currently one of the most important viruses that infects potatoes in Colombia and other Andean countries, causing losses in the production of tubers ranging from 25% to 50%. This study analyzed the genetic variability of different viral isolates collected in the department of Narino, Colombia, through bioinformatics analysis of the sequences of three genes encoding the capsid protein (CP), the heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and the minor capsid protein (CPm). We found that CPm is the gene that shows greater diversity, with higher values of nucleotide substitution and evidence of recombination. Based on an analysis of the haplotype map using nucleotide sequences of the CPm, we propose a model of putative recombination in this genomic region. The non-recombinant segments are supported by the results of the program GARD (Genetic Algorithm for Recombination Detection), phylogenetic trees and the paired values of genetic distances of each non-recombinant segments. The model clearly shows that the amino region of the CPm is prone to recombination. To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic recombination as an evolutionary strategy in the CPm of PYVV.


The reaction of enantiopure (R)-(2-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)propan-1-ol with ruthenium chloride hydrate yields, without racemisation of the chiral ligand, the chloro-bridged dinuclear complex (S,S)-[RuCl2{C6H5[CH(CH3)CH2OH]}]2 (1). The dimer 1 reacts with triphenylphosphane to give the mononuclear complex (S)-[RuCl2{C6H5[CH(CH3)CH2OH]}(PPh3)] (2). A single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of 2 reveals the absolute configuration of the asymmetric carbon atom to have remained, the change from (R) to (S) being due to the priority change caused by coordination; in the solid state, onedimensional hydrogen-bonded chains are formed between the hydroxy functions and chloro ligands of neighbouring molecules. The mononuclear cationic complex (S)-


The invention discloses an optical fiber wireless RoF passive optical network realizing method based on an optical code division multiplexing (OCDM). In an optical line terminal (OLT) RoF center station, a signal realizes double-sideband modulation, three paths of generated carrier components are respectively modulated with wired and wireless user data and are not subjected to modulation. The signal is coupled to an optical fiber channel after coded by the OCDM, transmitted to an optical distribution network (ODN) and allocated to each optical network unit (ONU). The ONU carries out OCDM decoding on the received signal, then three paths of components are separated, one path of components is directly sent to a wired user terminal after subjected to photoelectric detection, the other two paths of components enter an RoF base station for carrying out beat frequency to obtain a radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is subjected to ECDMA (Electric Code Division Multiple Access) coding and transmitted through an antenna after subjected to electric amplification, and a wireless user terminal obtains a required signal through ECDMA decoding. The invention provides an effective path for realizing wired/wireless secrecy access in a PON (Passive Optical Network) system.


Many applications are being developed to leverage the popularity of mobile opportunistic networks. However, building adaptive testbeds can be costly and challenging. This challenge motivates the need for effective opportunistic network simulators to provide a variety of opportunistic environment setups, and evaluate proposed applications and protocols with a comprehensive set of metrics. This paper presents SAROS, a simulator of opportunistic networking environments with a variety of interest distributions, power consumption distributions, imported real traces, and social network integration. The simulator provides a wide variety of evaluation metrics that are not offered by comparable simulators. Finally, SAROS also implements several opportunistic forwarding algorithms ranging from social-oblivious algorithms to interest and power-aware social-based algorithms.


Purpose

This paper aims to develop an inexpensive, portable, sensitive and environmentally friendly electrochemical sensor to quantify trace metals.

Design/methodology/approach

A sensor was constructed by modifying carbon paste electrode for the determination of lead, cadmium and zinc ions using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The modified electrode was prepared by inserting homogeneous mixture of 2-hydroxy-acetophenonethiosemicarbazone, graphite powder and mineral oil. Various important parameters controlling the performance of the sensor were investigated and optimized. Electrochemical behavior of modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry.

Findings

Modified carbon pastes electrodes showed three distinct peaks at −0.50, −0.76 and −1.02 V vs silver/silver chloride corresponding to the oxidation of lead, cadmium and zinc ions at the electrode surface, respectively. The highest peak currents for all the metal ions under study were observed in the phosphate buffer solution at pH 1 with a deposition time of 70 s. The sensor exhibited linear behavior in the range of 0.25-12.5 μg mL-1 for lead and cadmium and 0.25-10.0 μg mL−1 for zinc. The limit of detection was calculated as 78.81, 96.17 and 91.88 ng mL−1 for Pb2+, Cd2+and Zn2+, respectively. The modified electrode exhibited good stability and repeatability.

Originality/value

A chemically modified electrode with Schiff base was applied to determine the content of cadmium, lead and zinc ions in aqueous solutions using SWASV.


The skin effect of single and coupled conductor strips of finite thickness is analyzed using the dyadic Green''s function and integral equation formulation. Galerkin''s method is used to solve the integral equation for the dispersion characteristics. The effects of the geometrical and the electrical parameters on the conductor loss are investigated. Results are compared with literature and shown to be in good agreement. This approach is very useful for analyzing the electrical properties of interconnects in high performance computer circuitries.


Objective To study the relationship between red blood cell(RBC) density and age,and the average cell age of different densities.Methods Whole blood were separated into six fractions by discontinuous density gradient separation.The pyruvate kinase activity of each fraction was determined.Red cell age was determined by calculating the ratio of pyruvate kinase activity of each fraction to that of the whole blood.The positive rate of the membrane phosphatidylserine(PS) was measured to deatermine the red cell age in days.Results From low to high densities,red cells were 11.5 days,46 days,63.8 days,74.6 days,80.5 days,and 102.2 days in age.PS expression on the red cell membrane increased gradually with the increase of cell age.Conclusion The different density of RBCs represents different cell age,and density gradient separation method could isolate RBCs of different ages,which will provide a methodology for further studing the relationships between RBC age and function.


By the analysis on difficulties in evaluation of manufacturing information,the article identified a number of difficulties in the evaluation,and also put forward some proposals for the difficulties,this provided a good reference value on the establishment of a scientific and feasible evaluation system of manufacturing information.


Dear Editor, Terbinafine (LamasilTM) is an oral antifungal approved for the treatment of dermatophyte-induced onychomycosis in adults. Terbinafine acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, inhibiting fungal membrane production, and causing cell death secondary to intracellular squalene accumulation. Adverse events related to Terbinafine are well documented, occurring in more than one in 10 patients. Most adverse events are mild and self-limited examples include headaches, gastrointestinal symptoms, and rash. Severe adverse events are less common, and include toxic epidermal necrolysis, cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus, and fulminant hepatitis among others. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has documented pancreatitis related to the use of terbinafine. However, literature on this adverse event remains limited. This case highlights the natural history and management of a young otherwise healthy patient who experienced Terbinafine-induced pancreatitis (TIP). A previously healthy 21-year-old male with a medical history notable for cystic acne and onychomycosis, presented with two to 3 weeks of bloating and weight gain, in addition to 24 h of severe epigastric pain, nausea, and post-prandial vomiting. Terbinafine was the patient's only active medication at the time of onset of bloating and weight gain. The patient consumed three or fewer drinks weekly, denied smoking or illicit drug use, and was of normal weight (BMI 22.7). Two days prior to presentation, the patient had self-terminated oral Terbinafine after completing 80 days of a 90-day course of 250 mg daily to address toenail onychomycosis unresponsive to topical medications. During treatment, he was monitored with monthly complete blood counts (CBC) and liver function tests (LFTs) which remained within normal limits. Physical exam at the time of presentation was remarkable for epigastric tenderness and distension. Labs were notable for a lipase of 3148, Amylase of 181, leukocyte count of 23.7, and normal liver enzymes. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated peripancreatic inflammation consistent with pancreatitis (Figure 1). Given the patient's lack of risk factors or evidence supporting common etiologies, unremarkable family, and social histories, along with a Naranjo score of 7 in indicating the likelihood of adverse drug reaction is probable, a diagnosis of pancreatitis secondary to Terbinafine was made. The patient was managed conservatively with IV pain control, nasogastric tube, and parenteral nutrition. His symptoms progressively resolved, and he was discharged on hospital day 13 without further complications. Follow-up magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) at 3 months demonstrated normal pancreatic ducts and parenchyma with no abnormalities or lesions. This case is shared with written consent of the patient. At present, data regarding TIP is limited and the pathophysiology is not elucidated. Given Terbinafine's inhibitory mechanism, reactions may relate to a buildup of toxic metabolites; however, additional studies are warranted to delineate the risk factors and etiology more clearly. There are no peer-reviewed studies exploring the epidemiology TIP. However, ehealthme evaluated 840 FDA-reported adverse events for patients taking Terbinafine and found five cases of pancreatitis (0.6%). All effected patients were males less than 50 years old. One-third of cases occurred within 1-month of initiating the drug, while all others occurred within 6 months. Gastrointestinal adverse events are common in patients treated with oral Terbinafine. Mild reactions—nausea and diarrhea—are generally self-limited. Serious adverse events, particularly fulminant hepatitis, are major concerns among prescribers. Therefore, the FDA recommends collecting pre-administration LFTs, after which continued laboratory monitoring is generally not recommended. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of TIP. Patients taking Terbinafine who present with signs of marked or progressive


Objective This study is to investigate the set-up accuracy of thermoplastic mask used for immobilization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients being treated by Intensity Modulated Radia- tion Therapy (IMRT).Methods Nineteen patients with early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (T1- T2N0M0),treated by fractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy,underwent repeated CTs during their 6-week treatment course.We evaluated their anatomic landmark coordinates in a total of 85 repeated CT data sets and respective x,y and z shifts relative to their position in the 19 treatment-planning reference CTs.Results The translation in x,y,and z-axes with their mean value derived from both positive and negative set-up errors was-0.84 mm(x-axis),+0.65 mm(y-axis) and +0.01 mm(z-axis).Mean target isocenter translation was (0.89±0.69) mm,(0.82±0.79) mm,(0.95±1.24) mm in x,y and z-direc- tions,respectively.The mean total magnitude vector and 95% CI of isocenter motion were 1.87 mm and 4.65 mm.The data measured over the 6-week fractionated course of treatment revealed a slight deterioration of isocenter accuracy.The 95% CI,considered by us to be a valuable parameter for characterizing the sys- tem,of 4.17 mm for measurement within the first 3 weeks increased to 5.12 mm in the last 3 weeks of treat- ment.Conclusions The sequential CT scanning is a pronounced valuable method of evaluating the quality of departmental specific patient positioning procedures.The thermoplastic mask is eyed as well suited tool for immobilization and repositioning of NPC patients receiving intensity-modulated radiation therapy.


ABSTRACT In this paper, radiation characteristics of an isosceles 45°–45°–90° triangular microstrip antenna (TMA) are presented using simple extension of cavity model considering field variation in all dimensions for the first time along with physical explanation. Eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, input impedance, far-field radiation patterns, etc. are discussed. Approximate expression is given here to predict the resonant frequency with accuracy better than 1%. Theoretical results are verified with experimental data to show the accuracy of our theory. The study of 45°–45°–90° TMA is important because (1) the area occupied by the antenna is just half of that compared to a square patch antenna for a given resonant frequency, (2) mode suppression (including fundamental mode) of the antenna is quite easy compared to other conventional shaped patch antennas, (3) all modes of the antenna are dual polarized, and (4) four modes out of first five modes of the antenna produce a peak in the broadside direction.


Four manganese steels with different deoxidization degrees were selected. Their susceptibility to pit initiation was compared by means of potentiodynamic polarization tests in a 3% NaCl solution with pH 10. The pitting propagation rate was evaluated by indoor interval hanging plate tests in a 3% sea salt solution. The composition of inclusions and the corrosive feature were studied by scanning electro microscopy (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results indicate that the shape of sulphide inclusions change from a short spindle shape to a long strip shape with increasing deoxidization degree. Under the same condition,the lower the deoxidization degree,the stronger the thermodynamic stability becomes,and the weaker the susceptibility to pit initiation. Additionally,the results of interval hanging plate tests indicate that the manganese steel with a stronger deoxidization degree exhibit a stronger pit propagation rate.


We give a characterization of complete irreducible maps onto a Tikhonov space Τ using the Banach sublattices F of the Banach lattice fC*(T) of equivalence classes of quasinormal functions [1] satisfyingtfie"following condition: -·'-"* -. (*) the system ? = F n C*(T) contains the identity and separates points from closed sets in T. This makes it possible to construct a maximal equivariant complete irreducible inverse image of an ' arbitrary a-Tikhonov [2] space Τ which we call a G*-absolute of the object T. We also introduce the concept of being G*-extremally disconnected which a G*-absolute of an α-Tikhonov space necessarily has if the acting group G is compact (Theorems 1-3, 5).


In this paper ,the writer analyzed the development present situation of agricultural mechanization in no developed region, and pointed the main reasons that caused the problem, it include special region, low income, high price of diesel oil and no perfect serving system. If we want to solve the problem, peasant quality would be improved, industry structure would be adjusted, modern agriculture would be developed and idea of agricultural mechanization would be displaced.


FIG. I. Comparison of HbA I results from samples collected into standard Unistep bottles or modified Unistep bottles with those collected into bottles containing solid Li Hep. Specimens were collected into Li Hep sample tubes and into standard Unistep bottles (containing 150 ilL of standard diluent [0'9 giL of sodium chloride, 0·1 giL ofthiomersal and 4140 units/L of heparin]). HbA I was measured as described. Results from two experiments, each on 10 different patients performed one month apart, are illustrated in the upper panel. The mean difference in the first experiment was 1·25°;',(P< 0,01) and in the second 0·69'1.,(P< 0,05). In the second experiment samples were also collected into modified Unistep bottles (containing 150 IIIof Coming haemolysing fluid [0,1% saponin, 0,05'1., EDTA]). The results are illustrated in the lower panel. The mean difference was -0,13% (not statistically significant). Unistep bottle docs lead to a four-fold sample dilution, but use of standard Unistep bottles leads to a seven-fold dilution. Unistep bottles used as described by Moore et al.' in which 350 ILl of


Title: "They shouldn't work all by themselves!" Supervisors' understandings of student independence in undergraduate projectsAuthors: Maria Zackariasson, professor, Sodertorn University & Jenny ...


is used. COA recurs frequently in low-birth-weight infants who have had either BA or surgical repair. We pres-ent a case of a baby girl born at 35 weeks gestational age and weighing 1,374 g who underwent successful surgical repair of COA following palliative BA. A systemic blood pressure gradient of 64 mmHg between the upper and lower limbs was observed at the age of 6 days, confirming the diagnosis of COA. At the age of 25 days, we conducted BA for COA with a minimum diameter of 1.3 mm. Following the placement of a 3-French sheath in the femoral artery, we performed a predilatation with a coronary angioplasty balloon (NC TREK ® 2 mm) and a second dilatation with a valvuloplasty balloon (TMP-PED ® 4 mm). The systemic blood pressure difference between the upper and lower limbs was reduced to 9 mmHg after successful dilation. As a recurrence of COA developed along with body weight gain, coarctation resection and extended end-to-end anastomosis were performed at the age of 108 days and weight of 3,050 g. At the age of 7 months, there was no recurrence of COA. We believe that delayed surgical repair after palliative BA may be possible in low-birth-weight infants with COA to avoid recurrence of COA.


For the numerical treatment of the nonlinear singular integral magnetic field equation $R{\bf M} = h{\bf M} + A{\bf M} = {\bf H}_a$, which has been considered by the author in Part I [SIAM J. Appl. Math., 39 (1980), pp. 14-20]. Tucker stability is established in the case where $(h{\bf M})(x) = {\bf g}({\bf M}(x),x)$ is a bounded, continuous, and strongly monotone operator in ${\bf L}^2 $. In the special cases ${\bf g}({\bf M},x) = c{\bf M}$ and ${\bf g}({\bf M},x) = g(M,x){{\bf M}/M}$, which are important for engineering applications, explicit perturbation estimates are obtained.


1 Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Oncology, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Spain 2 Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, CEIT and Tecnun, University of Navarra, Spain 3 Current address: Department and Chair of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany 4 Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED Spain 5 Unidad mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe UV, Valencia, Spain 6 Current address: Regenerative Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia 7 Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Spain


Background: Near-patient testing (NPT) is increasingly being used in the management of chronic conditions. In COPD, NPT devices include the spirometer and saturation probe, but these do not directly guide treatment. The blood eosinophil count at a cut off of ≥2% has been shown to determine which patients should receive corticosteroids for exacerbations. An NPT that accurately correlates with whole blood eosinophil counts would be useful. Methods: We conducted an independent comparison of an NPT device: the HemoCue© WBC DIFF against corresponding automated results (Abbott Architect ci8200; Abbott Laboratories; Abbott Park, Illinois) on 19 volunteers. We compared NPT to automated counts. Samples were taken simultaneously; the NPT was carried out immediately and whole blood was sent for laboratory analysis. Correlation, Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated, with stratification for allergy status. Results: The median (range) age was 27 (22-44) years, 7 (37%) were male and 8 (42%) had a history of allergy. Strong correlations were seen between the HemoCue© WBC DIFF and whole blood for white cell count, neutrophils and eosinophils respectively (r=0.87; r=0.94; r=0.71, p Conclusion: The HemoCue© WBC DIFF NPT could be used to guide treatment of COPD exacerbations.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is getting prevalent and causes big burden to the health care systems worldwide. CKD-associated cognitive impairment (CI) not only influences the behave function, but also results in longer hospitalization and higher risk of mortality. Inflammation is an important pathogenesis of CKD and plays a crucial role in progression of CKD. In this study, we hypothesized that accumulated uremic toxins, especially indoxyl sulfate (IS) and P-cresyl sulfate (PCS) induce neuroinflammation via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain tissue of CKD animals. This study aims to delineate the crosstalk between uremic toxins and inflammation in CKD-induced CI.

 Eight-week-old male C57B6 wildtype and NLRP3 knockout mice received sham and 5/6 nephrectomy to mimic CKD status. AST-120 (Kremezin), a spherical carbon adsorbent, was given orally to mice to neutralize the accumulated uremic toxins. The Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) testes were applied to evaluate cognitive function, including the spatial, short-term and long-term memory in shame, CKD, and AST-120 treated CKD mice. HPLC was used to examine the concentration of IS and PCS in the serum and brain tissues. Western blot and immunohistochemistry stain were used to identify the protein expression of target molecules in the brain tissue.

 CKD mice showed impaired spatial, short-term and long-term memory; however, 10% AST-120 attenuated CKD-induced memory impairment (Figure 1). IS, but not PCS, elevated in the brain tissues, especially in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. AST-120 reduced CKD-induced IS elevation in the brain tissue, and also ameliorated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the astrocytes in the frontal and hippocampus. Finally, NLRP3 deficiency reversed the CKD-induced memory impairment (Figure 2).

 IS is the major uremic toxin that causes CI in CKD mice via activating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the brain tissue. However, AST-120 effectively ameliorates CKD-induced CI.


Background Diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with CNS relapse or progression has a poor prognosis. Prior studies noted certain factors which increased the risk of CNS relapse: bone marrow involvement, type as well as number (1+) of extra-nodal sites, age over 60, and increasing International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. However, these were prior to the advent of rituximab (R), which has been suggested to lower CNS relapse when used in combination with CHOP therapy. To our knowledge, no one has looked at the incidence of CNS relapse with regards to extranodal disease in the rituximab era.

Methods Retrospective chart review of patients with DLBCL treated with multiagent induction therapy including rituximab from July'08 to Jan'12 at Moffitt Cancer Center. Age, stage, IPI score, extra-nodal site, number of nodal sites, and use of intrathecal prophylaxis (IT), were evaluated for their impact on the risk of developing CNS relapse. For those who had complete response to initial therapy, time to progression(TTP) for CNS relapse was measured from completion date of first set of chemo cycles to date of CNS relapse (those who did not CNS relapse were censored at last follow up). TTP was censored at 6 years. Progression free survival(PFS) was measured from date of diagnosis to date of CNS or systemic relapse or death (those who were alive without relapse were censored at last follow up). Overall survival (OS) was measure from date of diagnosis to date of death. Stratified Kaplan Meier curves(with log rank p-values) and Cox PH models(with Wald p-values) were used to explore potential risk factors associated with relapse.

Results Sixty-four patients with DLBCL who received induction therapy were evaluated: median age (range) = 65 (24-93) years; male =56%; IPI scores at diagnosis: 1 (43.8%), 2(21.9%), 3(15.6%); median length of follow up from time of diagnosis = 32 months. All the patients received a regimen containing rituximab, and 92% of patients received R-Chop as treatment. IT prophylaxis with methotrexate was used in 28% of the patients. Incidence of CNS relapse in our study population= 17.3% (n=9) The risk of CNS relapse varied depending on the extranodal site. Those with bone marrow and/or musculoskeletal involvement had an increased risk, with 78% of the CNS relapses occurring in patients with one or both of these sites of involvement. The hazard ratio (HR) for CNS relapse for patients with bone marrow and musculoskeletal involvement was 2.53 and 2.74, respectively (p=0.20 and p=0.13). Other extranodal sites of disease such as visceral organs, genital urinary tract, nasopharynx, or skin did not seem to significantly contribute to the risk of CNS relapse. Patients with bone marrow involvement also had an inferior overall survival (HR=3.05, Wald p=0.02) (see [figure 1][1]). Though not statistically significant (log rank p=0.126), those receiving IT methotrexate prophylaxis appear to have longer PFS than those who did not, with 83% alive without relapse at 6 years compared to 43% (see [figure 2][2]).

![Figure 1][3]

Figure 1
Overall survival curve in patients with DLBCL and bone marrow involvement.

![Figure 2][3]

Figure 2
PFS and prophylactic IT Methotrexate.

Conclusions Despite the addition of rituximab to multiagent chemotherapy, those with bone marrow and musculoskeletal involvement still had a significantly higher risk of CNS relapse. There is a trend which suggests intrathecal prophylaxis with methotrexate can improve progression free survival and is still possibly beneficial in high risk DLBCL patients even in the rituximab era. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine the true benefit of prophylactic IT therapy in this population.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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The subject domain of pedagogical computer science is considered in the article from the point of view of the interdisciplinary approach, which made it possible to allocate the basic directions of pedagogical computer science and to de? ne a number of problems, themes and disciplines that are absent or not enough studied in the state standard of higher pedagogical education for training of masters of physical and mathematical education.


We investigate finite dimensional 2-vertex basic algebras of finite global dimension and the derived categories of modules over such algebras. We prove that any superrigid object in the derived category of modules over a "loop-kind" two-vertex algebra is a pure module up to the action of Serre functor and translation. All superrigid objects in the derived categories of modules over two-vertex algebras of global dimension 2 are described. Also we obtain a complete classification of two-vertex basic algebras possessing a full exceptional pair in the derived category of modules.


The complete theory for Fisher and dual discriminant analysis is presented as the background of the novel algorithms. LDA is found as composition of projection onto the singular subspace for within-class normalised data with the projection onto the singular subspace for between-class normalised data. The dual LDA consists of those projections applied in reverse order. The experiments show that using suitable composition of dual LDA transformations gives as least as good results as recent state-of-the-art solutions.


Authority is the defining feature of hierarchy. The boss can restrict the subordinate's actions, overturn his decisions, and even fire him (unless the boss's boss objects, in which case the boss herself may be fired). Tracing this chain of authority up the hierarchy, we eventually reach a person (sole proprietor) or group (shareholders) who can be thought of as owning all the decision rights in the organization. In short, formal authority resides at the top. Of course, few organizations are run by tyrants who actively exercise their ownership of all the decision rights in the organization. To the contrary, many middle managers wield substantial authority. But we assert that such authority is always informal, in the sense that it can be retracted by those higher up the hierarchy, ultimately by those at the top who hold the formal authority. That is, we see all subordinates' decision rights as loaned, not owned. Given that formal authority resides at the top of organizations, when and how will bosses delegate informal authority to subordinates? To begin to study these questions, we develop a simple model in which a subordinate develops a project to propose to a boss. The boss has the formal authority over whether to ratify the project (i.e., over whether to allow the project to be implemented), but the boss may informally delegate this ratification authority to the subordinate. We see this ratification decision as a metaphor for a wide range of decisions that might be informally delegated, including decisions about human resources (hiring, training, job design), decisions about production (sourcing, capital and operating expenditures), decisions about competition (pricing, advertising, product design), and so on. We analyze our model in two environments: in the first, the boss has the information necessary to assess the project before it is ratified; in the second, the boss does not have this information. For certain parameters in the "informed boss" model, the boss informally delegates authority by promising to ratify all projects that the subordinate proposes, even if they are not in the boss's (or even the firm's) best interest. If this promise is believed, it induces superior effort from the subordinate in the initiation stage (i.e., in searching for and


Abstract How therapists integrate short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is not well understood. This study focused on the circumstances used to guide the integration of ACT and STPP as a therapeutic strategy from therapists' perspectives and experiences. Thirteen participants from the United States, Australia, and Canada who integrate ACT and STPP as a therapeutic strategy were interviewed by video call or video conference. Grounded theory method was utilized to collect and analyze qualitative data generated from the interviews. Findings and conclusions: To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study to use grounded theory methodology to describe the circumstances to integrate ACT and STPP. Seven response markers were identified to consider ACT and STPP integration with matched patient characteristics in the context of the patient's current functioning and the therapeutic alliance. The theoretical framework used for this study was Gold and Stricker and Stricker and Gold's three-tiered model of assimilative integration. The framework offered the possibility of relieving symptom distress and building new intra-psychic representations and effective interpersonal skills. The results indicated that while the seven response markers can serve as useful guidelines for implementation of STPP and ACT integration, the therapist's intuition is and may always be a determining factor in the decision to integrate these two modalities. The combination of ACT and STPP provides an opportunity to improve methodologies, strategies, and treatment outcomes.


Subtitle: Box traffic in Belgium has effectively been carved up by the competing giants PSA and DP World, although both companies suffered as a result of last year's downturn, writes Juan Ferrer.


In the article, I discuss the names of disco polo bands (disco polo is a kind of Polish pop music) and songs. I analyse the names from the linguistic and cultural perspective. I also highlight the external contexts. I also treat the onomastic layer of disco polo as a sign of cognitive conceptualisations, being the basis of the creation of images of the world in the lyrics.


This is to certify that I, Shivanshi Atreya have completed the Ph. D. Thesis work on the topic "A STUDY OF LIFE SATISFACTION IN RELATION TO EMOTIONAL INTELIGENCE AMONG EMPLOYEES OF DIFFERENT LEVELS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR" under the guidance of Dr. Ravindra Kumar (Supervisor) and Dr. Kumkum Pareek (Co-Supervisor) for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh. This is an original piece of my own research work and I have not submitted it elsewhere.


The invention discloses a treatment method of coking waste water, which comprises a biochemical treatment process of the coking waste water and an advanced treatment process of the coking waste water, wherein the biochemical treatment of the coking waste water adopts an A2O process; and the advanced treatment of the coking waste water adopts a method of internal electrolysis, Fenton oxidation coagulative precipitation and active carbon adsorption. In the method, an anaerobic pool, an anoxic pool and an aerobic pool are used for biochemical treatment; and internal electrolysis, Fenton oxidation coagulative precipitation and active carbon adsorption are used as an advanced section for treating the coking waste water. After the high-concentration coking waste water is treated by the method, the water quality of the effluent water can meet the sewage comprehensive discharge standard requirement that the COD (chemical oxygen demand) is no more than 50 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is no more than 8 mg/L, the volatile phenol content is no more than 0.3 mg/L and the total cyanogen content is no more than 0.2 mg/L. Thus, the invention can protect the ecological environment, and has an important practical meaning for the sustainable development of coking enterprises.


Conditions for occurrence of spin polarisation of Auger electrons have been analysed. It is shown that if an inner-shell vacancy arising from particle impact is aligned then the Auger electrons can have spin polarisation transverse to the scattering plane. The expressions for the degree of polarisation as a function of the angle of detection of Auger electrons have been obtained. Using the LS coupling approximation it is shown that a significant spin polarisation may be expected for the Auger lines corresponding to the triplet terms of the residual ion if individual components of the fine-structure multiplet are separated out. After the summation over the multiplet the polarisation disappears.


Solar filaments are strands of relatively cool, dense plasma magnetically suspended in the lower density hotter solar corona. They trace magnetic polarity inversion lines (PILs) in the photosphere below, and are supported against gravity at heights of up to ~100 Mm above the chromosphere by the magnetic field in and around them. This field erupts when it is rendered unstable, often by magnetic flux cancellation or emergence at or near the PIL. We have studied the evolution of photospheric magnetic flux leading to ten observed filament eruptions. Specifically, we look for gradual magnetic changes in the neighborhood of the PIL prior to and during eruption. We use Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), both on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), to study filament eruptions and their photospheric magnetic fields. We examine whether flux cancellation or/and emergence leads to filament eruptions. We find that continuous flux cancellation was present at the PIL for many hours prior to each eruption. We present two CMEproducing eruptions in detail and find the following: (a) the pre-eruption filament-holding core field is highly sheared and appears in the shape of a sigmoid above the PIL; (b) at the start of the eruption the opposite arms of the sigmoid reconnect in the middle above the site of (tether-cutting) flux cancellation at the PIL; (c) the filaments first show a slow-rise, followed by a fast-rise as they erupt. We conclude that these two filament eruptions result from flux cancellation in the middle of the sheared field, and thereafter evolve in agreement with the standard model for a CME/flare filament eruption from a closed bipolar magnetic field [flux cancellation (van Ballegooijen and Martens 1989 and Moore and Roumelrotis 1992) and runaway tether-cutting (Moore et. al 2001)].


The problem of formation of the train diagram of brigades in objects of construction in a context of representation of the schedule of objects in time or model of production of arrangement of brigades on objects and in time is considered


We investigated whether hyper‐ and hypocapnea change the blood flows in the choroid and retina, and are related to static visual acuity. Eleven healthy subjects performed three trials. In the control trial (CON), minute ventilation (VE) was not controlled. In the hypocapnea trial (HYPO), the subjects controlled their VE to a target of 20 L/min for 6 min. In the hypercapnea trial (HYPER), the subjects inspired high‐fraction CO2 gas (FICO2=4%) for 6 min. We measured choroidal and retinal blood flows by laser speckle flowmetry, and static visual acuity by using the Landolt C chart. End tidal partial pressure of CO2 differed significantly among CON, HYPO, and HYPER (42±1, 21±1, and 48±1 mmHg, respectively; mean±SE). The choroidal and retinal flows decreased significantly from baseline in HYPO (−17±4%), while they did not change significantly in CON and HYPER. The static visual acuity was significantly lower in HYPO than in HYPER (0.14±0.07 vs. 0.18±0.08, p<0.05). These results indicate that hypocapnia reduces choroidal and retinal blood flows, and suggest that the ocular blood flow influences the visual acuity. (Grant from the Yamaha Motor Foundation for Sports to NH)


The earthen sites in the northwest arid area of China are suffering from surface weathering heavily. Currently, the main way to solve the difficulty depends on the researches on anti-weathering materials and their engineering reinforcement and repair. However, the researches on anti-weathering materials cannot satisfy the practical engineering at present. The penetration diameter and the distribution and changing characteristics of penetration rate on the surface of the rammed samples are studied when they are instilled by different concentrations of SH as well as the change of wave velocity and the disintegration on the wall after penetration. The test results indicate that the optimal grouting capacity of a single hole is 30~40 mL, the instilling penetration at this time is about 300 min, and the final surface penetration radius is 3~4 cm. After instilled by SH, the wave velocity and the anti-disintegration of the samples obviously increase, especially for the 1.0% SH. ©, 2015, Chinese Society of Civil Engineering. All right reserved.


Grape (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most grown fruits in Iraq and is evaluated in different ways. This study aimed to determine some properties of the fruit juice that is traditionally produced from dried black grapes in the Erbil region and consumed directly, to make it durable by various methods, as well as to examine the changes that may occur during storage. For this purpose, some of the grape juices were pasteurized and the other part was stored using Na-benzoate in 500 ml glass bottles, at room temperature, under dark and light conditions for 6 months. In the stored products, pH, acidity, total dry matter, soluble dry matter, ash, color, total antioxidant (DPPH), Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and browning reaction and total phenolic substance (folin-ciocalteu) analyzes as well as sensory evaluations were made periodically. As a result of the statistical evaluations, There is no difference between the applications in terms of color, but there is a slight decrease in the L value after the 4th month, depending on the storage period, while the pasteurized samples show higher values in terms of HMF and browning levels, the browning levels increase significantly in all samples after the 2nd month, and TFM values were decreased. It has been determined that all products are highly appreciated in terms of sensory properties, pasteurized samples are more appreciated, and the storage time does not have a significant effect on the sensory properties of the samples. In addition, it has been determined that beverages can be easily stored for a long time at room temperature with or without the addition of preservatives, only by pasteurization, and such a product will be in demand.


In a model of competitive innovation, I derive theoretical conditions for an entrant to displace the incumbent firm by innovating in an undeveloped, substitute (emerging) technology. The main result presents conditions on profitability and innovation speed that yield a Markov Perfect Equilibrium in which the entrant pursues the emerging technology, while the incumbent chooses to persist with the established technology and collect short‐run profits. Notably, this result does not require the entrant's superiority to the incumbent for innovation. Finally, when the model is calibrated to hard drive industry data, its predictions are consistent with the observed outcomes.


This work describes a 'detection of abnormal activities and health-related changes' system for an elderly person at her/his home. The analysis is based on the data collected by a domotic box of the market. The box was initially designed to continuously recognize the owner's daily activities in order to anticipate anomalies and consequently prevent health complications and enhance the rate of disease prevention. The box uses non-intrusive home automation sensors to detect the activity level of the occupants. It is equipped also with other technologies, including humidity sensors, bed and chair sensors to name a few. In order to build a system capable of intercepting warning signs for early intervention, we adopt a Hidden Markov Model based approach that we will initialize beforehand with the activity sequences of the user within a given period. The outcomes of the model paves the way for deducting the final judgement and reporting a relevant context-aware alert to healthcare service experts. Other statistical processes might complete this behavioural analysis later on to enhance the alerts accuracy.


The study was conducted at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve. The occurrence and abundance of the adult palms Attalea attaleoides (Barb. Rodr.) W Boer, A. microcarpa Mart., Euterpe precatoria Mart., Geonoma aspidiifolia Spruce, Iriartella setigera (Mart.) H. Wendl, Oenocarpus bacaba Mart., O. bataua Mart., O. minor Mart., Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendl were observed in 40 50 x 50 m plots and the seedlings in two 50 x 2 m plots located inside the 40 plots demarcated to register the adults. The topographical gradient was divided into swamp valley, slope and plateau based on the altitudes and characteristics of these environments. Occurrence and abundance data were used as dependent variables in the models of Analysis of Variance to verify differences in the topographical gradient. Changes in species composition were evaluated using multivariate analysis of ordination. The distribution and abundance of the seedling and adult phases varied with the topographical gradient. The variation in species composition in different topographic levels probably occurs due to the different responses of the species to the variation in forest heterogeneity, produced by the spatial variation of the structural components of the forest. Key words: palms, Central Amazon, topography, distribution, "Terra Firme" forest.


Press is considered as a revolutionary tool and for the dissemination of information to mould the public opinion since centuries. The human minds are always in search of information, hence the media is essential part of human civilization. The term media consumer in this research paper would mean the recipient of information disseminated by the media. The media consumer is larger prospective of individuals that include all wings of democracy and their need of information. The modern economical world is dependent upon each other consequently media has gained huge importance than any other era of human civilization. With the inceptions of democracies, media has always been considered the fourth pillar of democracy. Press is essential for strengthening of the democracy therefore the most vibrant democracies has granted absolute right of freedom to media. The role of press is to act as a watchdog of society and to become the voice of people by reporting injustices to bring transparency to the system. Media is mandated to expose corruption and give voice to the unprivileged, whose rights are infringed. In modern days Media is venturing to move into the system rather than exposing the system. The media has reincarnated as public court, special detective and forms public opinion in tune to needs of media organizations. Free speech or freedom of speech and expression in simple words means the liberty to say what one feels like. It is the expression of thoughts into words without any sort of restraints. It is considered to be an innate right with minimal restrictions in India. The study stresses upon this liberty of media must function strictly within the frame work of ethical norms. This paper is analyzing the role of media involvement and its impact on media consumers. Media people must exercise their right without infringing the rights of individuals or other pillars of democracy. Journalists ought to be vigilant to safeguard the freedom of press and should be aware to act with a sense of responsibility. The present study stresses upon the positive and negative role played by the media in democratic country like India.


SUMMARY In this study, a new empirical model is described for the determination of required retention time (RRT) in hindered settling (sedimentation). The proposed model was developed computationally based on 715 different settling scenarios. The predicted results obtained from the proposed approach were compared with outputs of the MATLAB® algorithm based on the Talmadge and Fitch's method (1955). The relationship between predicted values and MATLAB® outputs was determined using DataFit® software, and RRT equation was rewritten as a function of interface height (H), interface time (T), initial sludge concentration (C0), desired sludge concentration (CU), height of desired sludge (HU), and a new time parameter (φ). The proposed RRT model was tested for 275 different new settling scenarios, and also 89 different experimental data. Results showed that the proposed empirical model obviously agreed with MATLAB® outputs. All predictions were proven to be satisfactory with correlation coefficients of about 0.928 and 0.972, respectively.


Abstract The study explored the relationship between corporate governance and the confidence of bank employees in the Ghanaian banking sector and further investigate the mediating role of corporate reporting disclosures. The data for the study was gathered through the administration of questionnaires to selected employees from the 23 banks operating in Ghana after the sector's crisis from the year 2018 to 2022. Using the stratified and purposive sampling technique, 276 bank employees constituted the study sample. The study employed the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the data using the SMART-PLS software. The findings of the study revealed that, corporate governance significantly relates with employees' confidence; corporate reporting disclosures significantly relates with employees' confidence; corporate governance significantly relates to corporate reporting disclosures; and finally, corporate reporting disclosures mediate the relationship between corporate governance and bank employees' confidence. The study contributes new perspectives to literature; provides model for government, regulators and policy makers to review existing policies and initiate new policies on governance of banks; and a guide to managerial decisions and strategies. The study has critical implications for theory, policy and practice. Theoretically, the study explored the stakeholder theory and contributed to literature. From the perspective policy, the government, regulating agencies such as Bank of Ghana (BoG) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) will be guided by the findings to review existing reforms and initiate new and sustainable policies. Finally, the empirical findings have significant practical implications for practitioners and management especially in the post crisis era.


Abstract A direct one pot, three-component nitro-Mannich reaction of a nonenolizable aldehyde, aniline or one of its ring-substituted derivatives and nitromethane was carried out on silica gel surface. The products of the reaction, 2-aminonitroethane, were obtained in high yields. IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra and elemental analysis confirmed the structures of the products.


The use of organic materials with reversible redox activity holds enormous potential for next‐generation Li‐ion energy storage devices. Yet, most candidates are not truly sustainable, i.e., not derived from renewable feedstock or made in benign reactions. Here an attempt is reported to resolve this issue by synthesizing an organic cathode material from tannic acid and microporous carbon derived from biomass. All constituents, including the redox‐active material and conductive carbon additive, are made from renewable resources. Using a simple, sustainable fabrication method, a hybrid material is formed. The low cost and ecofriendly material shows outstanding performance with a capacity of 108 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and low capacity fading, retaining approximately 80% of the maximum capacity after 90 cycles. With approximately 3.4 V versus Li+/Li, the cells also feature one of the highest reversible redox potentials reported for biomolecular cathodes. Finally, the quinone‐catecholate redox mechanism responsible for the high capacity of tannic acid is confirmed by electrochemical characterization of a model compound similar to tannic acid but without catecholic groups.


RECENT papers have indicated a strong interest in the operation of magnetic amplifiers with carrier frequencies higher than the common power frequencies of 60 and 400 cycles.1,2 Much work has been carried out, e.g., on magnetic frequency multipliers that would be a possible source of power at higher frequencies.3,4 It is generally known that increased magnetic amplifier performance can be achieved by using higher carrier frequencies, but the exact advantages have not been clearly defined in the literature.


Objective To evaluate the safety and effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) f or anemic non-myeloid cancer patients.Method A total of 31 anemic non-myeloid cancer patients were enrolle d in this study,patients received rhEPO at a dose of 100 U/kg each time subcutan eously,three times a week for 8 weeks.Patients′ Hb,HCT and KPS before and af ter rhEPO treatment were compared and side effects were recorded.Results Amony the 30 patients evaluata ble for hematological response,19 had an increase in Hb≥20 g/L or displayed H b≥120 g/L.The same in HCT.86.7% of them increased KPS.The sids effects wer e a slightly improved of blood pressure of three patients.Co n clusion rhEPO increases Hb and improves the perfo rmance status and quality of life in anemic non-myeloid cancer patients with lim ited side effects.


Research on school-to-adult life transitions of youth with special needs has identified collaboration as a crucial process for successful transitions. Depending on how it is defined, collaboration on the education of youth with disabilities between special educators, general educators, parents, students, and community service agency representatives may be considered rich or lean in activity and perceived utility. Profiles of three high schools, two urban and one rural, derived from analyses of administrator, teacher, parent, and student reports, suggest that some consistent patterns exist on the level of collaboration exercised as well as exemplary applications and systemic problems. Recommendations for research and implications for general practice are provided.


In the new millennium the economic growth to world scale, it has generated changes in the financial markets; as well as the international competition, they have influenced
directly in the new administration practices and in the forms of managerial organization. On the other hand the expansion of the market economies is a reality of the new millennium, where big managers have been developed that have embraced a wide sector to international scale.
Our investigation has as general objective: To value if the implementation of the decent work in the juridical classification of the Ecuador is moderated to the existent
socioeconomic conditions, starting from an analysis theoretical-legislative, being our
specific objectives: To characterize the decent work starting from the different definitions that I half-close him you has fenced in the doctrine, to Analyze the impact of the neoliberal politicians in the Ecuador and their incidence in the Decent Work and to Base if the juridical classification of the Ecuador institutionalizes to the decent work, starting from an analysis exegetic of this norms.


Tomoo Otaka (1899-1956) studied philosophy at the University of Kyoto in the mid-1920s. The Grundlegung der Lehre vom sozialen Verband [Foundation of a theory of social association] was the product of a three-year European visit (1929-1932) in which he studied in Vienna with Kelsen and in Freiburg with Husserl.
Otaka deployed Husserl's theory of knowledge to criticise the work of various contemporary German sociologists, arguing that there was a need to reframe social scientific research. He also criticised Kelsen's pure law theory, presenting a different view of the nature and function of law within and between nation states. He promoted an ontological science of society, but his book offered a philosophy of social science without applying that science to itself.
In his Introduction to his translation, Derek Robbins (author of The Bourdieu paradigm, 2019) suggests that assessing Otaka's text and its context contributes to an understanding of the development of Bourdieu's conceptual apparatus. In turn, the application of Bourdieu's thinking to Otaka's theory generates the reflexivity which it requires but did not offer.
The volume comprises three Parts: an Introduction, the translated text, and a collection of commentaries from four international scholars who offer invaluable insights into Otaka's work from different perspectives.


The launch of Xbox Kinect has built a very successful computer vision product and made a big impact to the gaming industry; this sheds lights onto a wide variety of potential applications related to action recognition. The accurate estimation of human poses from the depth image is universally a critical step. However, existing pose estimation systems exhibit failures when faced severe occlusion. In this paper, we propose an exemplar-based method to learn to correct the initially estimated poses. We learn an inhomogeneous systematic bias by leveraging the exemplar information within specific human action domain. Our algorithm is illustrated on both joint-based skeleton correction and tag prediction. In the experiments, significant improvement is observed over the contemporary approaches, including what is delivered by the current Kinect system.


There has been significant research dedicated towards computing the crossing numbers of families of graphs resulting from the Cartesian products of small graphs with arbitrarily large paths, cycles and stars. For graphs with four or fewer vertices, these have all been computed, but there are still various gaps for graphs with five or more vertices. We contribute to this field by determining the crossing numbers for fifteen such families.


Digital technologies have increased the pace of knowledge creation, sharing, and the way in which learning is being undertaken. This chapter considers how Serious Games (SGs) as a digital technology endeavours to support effective lifelong learning. Three fundamental characteristics of the SG ecosystem, namely, game mechanics, interoperability, and assessment, are considered here as strategic elements that impact upon how SGs are to support learning, how they affect the learning environment, and ultimately, the SG development process. A prospective deconstruction of SGs into its pedagogical elements and its game mechanic nodes is presented to make aware the interoperability modus from which topical (domain) frameworks or architectures can be structured and assessed. To this end, the chapter explores the conceptual underpinnings through a case study on the eAdventure platform and argues that the key elements form the foundation for strategic development and implementation of SGs.


Smart city initiatives are mushrooming across the Global South, yet their implications for urban informality – a distinct challenge of planning in the cities of the Global South – remain overlooked. Using the Indian case as a focus and drawing upon empirical studies in three cities of Bhubaneswar, Pune, and Chennai, which are among the first 20 smart cities prioritised for implementation in the Smart Cities Mission, we show how informality challenges the understanding of the smart city. We analyse how this phenomenon is framed in smart city planning, focusing on the three domains of affordable housing, infrastructure services, and citizen engagement. We argue that using informality as a lens of critical analysis offers a new perspective on the 'Southern theory' of smart cities. In doing so, we highlight the disregard of informality at the cost of socio-spatial division – as a significant challenge for smart city development in India.


A series of thienyl-substituted nucleosides and their triphosphates has been prepared and the compounds evaluated as antiviral agents. The compounds investigated were 1-(5′-triphosphate-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-(2″-thienyl)uracil (6), 1-(5′-triphosphate-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-(2″-thienyl)cytosin (13) and 1-(5′-triphosphate-2′, 3′-dideoxynbofuranosyl)-5-(2″-thienyl)uracil (19). The activities of (6), (13) and (19) was shown to be inferior to that of the previously prepared compound 5-(2″-thienyl)-β-2′-deoxyuridine triphosphate (20).


Abstract 'Wetland' archaeology, as practised in Ireland, cannot be divorced from its wider context, either in terms of the personnel who undertake the work, or, in terms of the prevalence of wetlands within the Irish landscape. The historical associations of wetlands and the context in which they are now researched, taught and published is considered. In Ireland, critiquing 'wetland archaeology' in isolation is unwise, since few, if any, archaeological landscapes lack a wet component.


BACKGROUND: HEIs implement different techniques for the problem of assessing the progress towards the notified goals or the achievements, which is the only way to ensure that the HEIs are functioning properly along the right way or not. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to propose a model for assessing the performance, which may be of interest to institutions, partners, society and students. METHODS: In this paper, the technique of performance-related goals of HEIs, and a statistical approach are proposed. The methodology of this paper will manage briefly the issues of the applicability of the technique, how to derive the "goals" for HEI's, taking into consideration the indicators of the Intellectual Capital (Human, Organizational, and Relational), and how to collect the data from HEIs successfully. The processes of assuring the technique of performance-related goals, deriving and implementing the goals, and the acquisition and testing of data are developed. RESULTS: The findings of this paper are in two directions, i.e. in the proposing of a performance model for HEIs which is based on the goals of HEIs; and in the application side, i.e. in the practical results of the evaluation of HEIs and how to clarify the performance of institutions and how to compare between them. The findings show that the practical results are significant, and reliable. CONCLUSIONS: This paper develops a significance model for performance appraisal of HEIs, how we can compare between the performance of HEIs, and to rank their performance. The practical results of the model are both accurate and significant.


Manage targets, such as cost and productivity targets, market targets, evironmental targets, energy tartets, health and safety targets and work force targets, and R D projects for aluminium industry in USA were described and inroduced.


The growth accounting exercise has played a major role in explaining growth in the Asian miracle economies. Using data for six Asian miracle economies over the period from 1953 to 2006, this paper extends the conventional growth accounting exercise by allowing for endogeneity of capital deepening, demographic transition and changes in hours worked. It is shown that growth has been predominantly driven by TFP growth, which is in turn driven by R&D, knowledge spillovers through the channel of imports, the interaction between distance to the frontier and research intensity, and human capital. The results indicate that R&D has played a leading role for growth in the miracle economies, thereby providing some insight into their growth prospects. JEL Classification: O30; O40; O53


A thesis submitted to the university of Mumbai for the Ph. D.(Science) degree in Physics under the guidance of Prof. B.M.Pathan.


Chitin is the second most extensively spread natural polysaccharides on earth and it is made of β (1→4) linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy β-DGlucose. Though chitin is not produced in organisms containing cellulose, it is considered as a cellulose derivative since it resembles structure of cellulose with an exceptional acetamide groups at C2 positions (Dutta et al., 2003). The N deacetylation of this chitin at varying extent results in the Chitosan is a deacetylated compound of chitin which is a polysaccharide extracted from the shells of crustaceans, molluscs, fungi and other organisms. Chitosan is made up of copolymers containing glucosamine and N acetylglucosamine. They are derived by three methods from chitin viz, deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation. It is a basic polysaccharide and has several advantages such as photoelectric behaviour, ability to form films, metal chelation, optical and structural characteristics. These abilities of chitosan made them a perfect candidate for various applications. Chitosan is used in various fields such as cometics, agriculture, food, paper industry and also in fabrics. Besides these, they are widely used in biomedical applications due to its flexibility to be moulded into any shapes and more importantly its non toxic nature. In the field of biomedicine, Chitosan are known for their best anti microbial, anti oxidant, anti cancer and wound healing abilities and it is also used as drug delivery systems for treating several diseases. The present review deals with the biomedical applications of chitosan. K e y w o r d s


This chapter deals with the synthesis, structures, kinetics and reactivity, solution equilibria and various applications of metal complexes of amino acids and peptides, including the most important synthetic derivatives and analogues of the naturally occurring ligands. The survey of the literature c...


The surveying and mapping administrative competent departments in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have built provincial-level satellite navigation and positioning reference stations and data centers, and provided CORS services. This provides a good condition for exploring the application of geological hazard monitoring and early warning using Virtual Reference Station (VRS) service based on CORS. At present, the layout mode of "one point one reference station" is usually adopted, when GNSS is used for geological disaster monitoring and early warning. However, the high deployment cost of this plan limits its largescale promotion and application. Using the existing CORS service resources of natural resource system, this paper carried out the application experiment of virtual reference station in geological hazard monitoring application at Huanglongya geological hazard monitoring site in Shaanxi Province, and assessed the virtual reference station data quality, comparative analyzed the precision of static baseline processing results and GNSS real-time deformation monitoring results. The experimental results show that the overall quality of virtual reference station data is better than that of the monitoring station, and the accuracy of the static baseline calculation results is better than 1.0cm in the X direction, and better than 2.0cm in the Y direction and Z direction, which is similar to the static baseline calculation results formed by the physical reference station. The accuracy of the baseline results of real-time observation data calculation is better than 5mm in horizontal RMS and 15mm in vertical RMS. Therefore, it can be seen that the virtual reference station is feasible to be used as the reference station for geological disaster monitoring. In addition, the application experiment of network RTK real-time dynamic single epoch positioning mode is also carried out in geological hazard monitoring. The experimental results show that the RMS values of all three directions are ±3.7mm, ±9.2mm and ±5.0mm respectively, which meet the precision requirements of GNSS disaster monitoring. Therefore, it is also a feasible scheme for geological disaster monitoring and early warning. . * Corresponding author China is a country with frequent occurrence of geological disasters. To carry out landslide geological disaster monitoring and timely release early warning information is the most effective means to avoid casualties and reduce economic losses . For landslide, it is the most direct means to study and judge the real-time movement state of landslide by monitoring the surface displacement of landslide. GNSS, as a space-based radio navigation and positioning system, can provide users with allweather three-dimensional coordinates and speed at any place on the earth's surface or near earth space. With its remarkable advantages of global ground coverage, real-time, all-weather, three-dimensional coordinates with millimeter precision can be measured, and automation is easy to realize, GNSS has been widely used in landslide monitoring, and has become a key technology to obtain landslide information. It is one of the most important technical means of absolute displacement of body surface. At present, GNSS technology used in geological disaster monitoring and early warning usually adopts the layout mode of "one point one reference station", which has high deployment cost and can not meet the needs of large-scale deployment of geological disaster monitoring and early warning in the future. Therefore, based on the existed CORS network resources in China, using virtual reference station (VRS) instead of physical reference station can greatly reduce the monitoring cost. Based on the VRS generated from the real-time observation data of CORS network, this study selected huanglongya landslide disaster area in Hanzhong City of Shaanxi Province to carry out the application verification of VRS technology in landslide geological disaster monitoring. 1. REFERENCE STATIONS 1.1. Reference Stations At present, the Ministry of natural resources has built a national satellite navigation and positioning reference station network of 360 stations. The natural resources departments of 31 provinces (formerly the Department in charge of surveying, mapping and geographic information) have completed the construction of provincial satellite navigation and positioning reference station network covering their respective provincial areas, with a total of 2746 reference stations (with an average station spacing of 30-40km in the eastern region and 60-70km in the central and western regions) and 31 provincial data centers, and the realtime data transmission between the provincial data center and each reference station has been opened. The provincial CORS has been built, and the high-precision centimeter level navigation and positioning service coverage in all provinces has been achieved in real time. This also provides a good infrastructure for the application pilot and test of geological disaster monitoring based on the VRS technology of CORS. 1.2. VRS Technology As the most widely used CORS service solution, VRS technology was first proposed and applied by Trimble terrasat in 2001, H Landau. The principle is that the data service center The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLIII-B1-2021 XXIV ISPRS Congress (2021 edition) This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2021-235-2021 | © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. 235 receives the observation data of all the physical reference stations in real time, and generates a VRS at the approximate position provided by the user. The observation data of the VRS is that the data center uses the precise known coordinates and real-time observation data of the physical reference stations around the user (at least three stations) to model the tropospheric delay and ionospheric delay, so as to calculate and simulate the tropospheric delay The observation data of virtual reference station is sent to the user terminal according to the standard RTCM format (rtcm3.3 at present), so as to realize the centimeter level high-precision real-time positioning. At the same time, the VRS observation data can be stored locally for post positioning calculation, and the post millimeter level positioning accuracy can be obtained. The principle of VRS technology is shown in Figure 1: Figure 1. VRS application diagram (Picture from Trimble) 1.3. Basic principles of VRS 1.3.1. VRS mathematical model At present, Trimble is one of the typical representatives of VRS research and application, which is early and widely used. After VRS technology was put forward, many international and domestic institutions and experts have carried out in-depth research on it, and successfully realized its commercial application and industrialization. The establishment process and mathematical model of VRS proposed by Trimble are as follows: 1) Data acquisition of reference station Firstly, based on the following observation equations (1) (4), the integrity of pseudo range and carrier phase observations collected by each reference station is checked.


Design, construction, and performance of a small-size low-cost SAW resonator transmitter for general purpose remote control applications are reported. A transmitter at 433.92 MHz using a standard Siemens SAW resonator which can meet the stipulations of the Deutsche Bundespost Telekom and other national authorities is presented.


Abstract : An analytical approach toward numerical calculation of the three- dimensional turbulent boundary layer on a sharp cone at incidence under supersonic and hypersonic flow conditions is presented. The theoretical model is based on implicit finite-difference integration of the governing three- dimensional turbulent boundary-layer equations in conjunction with a three- dimensional scalar eddy-viscosity model of turbulence. Comparison is made of present theory with detailed experimental measurements of the three-dimensional turbulent boundary-layer structure (velocity and temperature profiles), the surface streamline direction (obtained via an oil-flow technique) and surface heat-transfer rate.


The subject upon which I have the honour to address you is so wide that within thetime at my disposal I can only hope to touch upon elementals. My task will be less onerous if I limit myself to the system of public control of industrial relations in South Australia. Each State of the Commonwealth has its own system. There is also a Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration for the purpose of the settlement of industrial disputes which extend beyond the limits of a single State. This dual system of control by Courts of co-ordinate control has led to much conflict in the past. I can only say, speaking of time present, that practical necessities tend towards a co-ordination of the principles which underlie the decisions of Commonwealth and State Courts.


A review of recent literature concerning risks related to oral contr aceptive use was undertaken. This report summarizes the findings. There is still a debate as to whether the risk of thromboembolic disease is increased with pill usage. The early epidemiologic studies showing a 5-fold increase in risk of thromboembolic disease for oral contraceptive users have not been seriously challenged. With use of lower doses of estrogen the risk of thromboembolism might be reduced. An association of pill usage with myocardial infarction has been noted but not well documented. The long-term effects of increased blood pressure which is caused by pill usage are not yet defined. Advantageous effects on benign breast tumors have been noted; it is not yet clear whether this effect will extend to malignancies of the breast. Models of mortality comparing favorably the risk from oral contraceptives to that associated with other methods of birth control rely on the assumption that orals would be used more effectively. Especially for less developed countries the increase in pregnancy spacing which would result from pill usage would have positive effects on maternal and child health and pregnancy wastage statistics. This benefit would result if orals were more acceptable or more easlily provided than alternative contraceptives and would not rely on a more effective use. A study undertaken at London family planning clinc indicates that doctors skills are not necessary for reducing risks from oral contraceptives. Physicians pelvic examinations were found to be of little value in screening women with medical contraindications for oral contraceptives use.


The Babri demolition simply betrayed a fascist communal mindset which emerged soon after India's partition in the wake of transfer of power and led to worst kind of communal holocaust. It was this…


Electrical stimulation of tension afferents in the walking legs of the horseshoe crab elicited reflexes which varied in sign and strength, depending upon stimulus voltage and frequency. Electrical stimulation of articular membrane receptor afferents in an isolated leg‐ganglion preparation of the horseshoe crab elicited movements at all major joints in the walking leg. Stimulation of articular membrane afferents at the trochanter‐femoral joint (T‐F) led to increased activity in efferents innervating tibial, patellar and trochanteral flexor muscles, giving a leg posture similar to that observed during feeding. Stimulation of articular membrane afferents at the patello‐tibial (P‐T) joint led to increased activity in efferents innervating tibial and patellar flexors and trochanteral extensors, giving a leg posture similar to that observed when the leg is lifted from the substratum during walking. The number of efferent units excited, and their frequency, generally increased with an increase in either the volt...


This article takes up the matter of contemporary threats to cities and urbanity, setting the problems cities face today against the background of the two categories of the resilient city and the city developing sustainably. The author describes and presents the evolution of the sustainable development concept as such, as well as the generational change in priorities that has taken place where the development of urbanised areas is concerned, given the way the concept has undergone a certain devaluation, in the light of its failure to achieve fulfi lment. The challenges cities face today require multi-faceted activity, in respect of increased inclusivity, robustness and resilience, and fl exibility . 32 Jacek Kwiatkowski This leaves today's idea of the resilient city embracing old elements of the sustainable city, but also augmenting them in various ways.


Research have concluded that social relations are an important factor that counteracts stress and increase comfort levels at the workplace. The purpose for this study has been to examine how, and i ...


Fatigue of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy due to broad-band and narrow-band random loading " (1967). 1967 Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. PLEASE NOTE: Figure pages are not original copy. They tend to "curl". Filmed in. the best possible way. A material dependent constant for describing modified fatigue curve B material dependent constant for describing constant-amplitude, sine-wave fatigue curve b reciprocal of negative slope for constant-amplitude, sine-wave fatigue curve d Corten-Dolan constant which is reciprocal of negative slope for modified fatigue curve D fatigue damage E() expected value of variable F material constant f frequency, cycles/sec. G() power spectral density function j /T K constant Kl /I-lÏT SL fatigue crack length M number of positive peaks per second N number of cycles to failure under constant-amplitude, sine-wave loading n number of cycles at given stress N total number of cycles to failure in Corten-Dolan ^ theory V No number of zero-crossings with positive slope per second Np total number of positive peaks to failure N number of positive peaks greater than zero to failure N' number of cycles to failure defined by the Corten-Dolan fatigue curve P() probability that variable will be exceeded Sy g yield strength of the material, ksi W() peak probability density function Y() transfer function of the system z standardized peak variable percentage of cycles at in Corten-Dolan theory r () gamma function e material constant a stress amplitude for sine-wave loading, ksi Op stress peak in random loading, ksi a root mean square value of instantaneous stress, ksi rms 0} angular frequency, rad/sec.


The Sydney Western Region has been rebuilt to form a modern public service, sharply targeted to the task of managing the region's road and traffic system. Management positions carry specific accountability for elements of that task. Each manager has designated and agreed objectives and targets. The activities of the region are focussed to improve safety, improve travel time, improve road condition, to be productive and provide value for money. The region is set to serve the West.


In a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with 3 additional cells, 329 male or female subjects working with two same-sex confederates (A and B), received either voluntary, involuntary, or no help from A after which attraction to A and B were measured for one-fourth of the subjects. The remaining subjects were assigned to a second set of tasks and were induced to help A, help B, or were not given an opportunity to help, after which they completed attraction and mood measures. Subjects were more likely to volunteer help after the second task when they had received prior help. Receipt of help led to more liking for the helper and the helper was liked more when subjects were able to reciprocate. Attraction and mood results are discussed in relation to attractiveness mediation, modeling, and indebtedness explanations for reciprocity.


The present invention is, for example, in the material a method of coating a substrate with a layer of such a metal, a quantity of electrically conductive material is vaporized in a low background pressure space, evaporating the material to evaporate a method for supplying energy to the material to be. According to the present invention, when evaporating the material to be evaporated during the space to keep the material in suspension with no supporting structure, confining the material in alternating electromagnetic fields generated by high-frequency alternating current . The present invention is an apparatus for coating a substrate, and a substrate.


Settlement patterns defines the way in which a society distributes the diverse built elements such as houses, roads, fields, public spaces or factories. It can be considered as a cultural expression. The types of elements, their number and distribution will depend on the technological, social structure and cultural background, reflecting the knowledge of its environment that the society had, and also their desires, priorities and even bad practices. The present article proposes that these patterns can be useful as a basis for planning, not only preserving what really has value, but even reproduced at different scales they can bring value to the territory. It also raises a question: What should be kept in traditional patterns and what can be, or even should be changed? In order to answer it, first some settlementspart-type are briefly described, and finally some guidelines recently used in planning projects are analyzed.


Hand-held fastening tools are extensively used in manufacturing, especially in aerospace industry. Typically, the process is monitored by the operator and joints are visually inspected after the process is completed. When complex products, such as an aircraft, are considered, fastening process and its inspection can be very time consuming. In addition, no inspection data is typically collected during the process unless a major problem is encountered. Real-time monitoring and verification of the fastening process of joint quality are two important advancements to reduce the manufacturing lead time while ensuring safety and quality. The first paper presents a Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) based methodology that detects grip length of bolted joints in real-time during fastening. A pneumatic, hand-held, rotary-type tool for bolted joints is integrated with sensors in order to obtain torque-angle signatures. The proposed approach reads in various characteristics from the torque-angle signature in order to infer about the quality of the bolted joint. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is successful with an accuracy of over 90% in detecting various grip lengths. In the second paper, the same methodology is extended to a pull type pneumatic handheld tool. The tool is integrated with sensors to capture the process signature. The process signature of strain-over-displacement ratio versus displacement has shown unique features that are extracted to determine the quality of the fastening process. The experiments have shown that the proposed approach is successful, with an accuracy of over 95%, in determining the quality of fastening operations and in communicating the quality information in real-time using a wireless network to a base station.


Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world. It is not only a source of edible oil, but also widely used in baked goods and confectionery products. Sesame seed varies considerably in color, size, and texture of the seed coat. The most commonly used are of white and black sesame, having almost same pharmacological activity and contain almost same components. However, it is reported that the components, such as Se, Zn, Fe, Mg, sesamin, and vitamin E, are different between the white and the black coat sesame. Active components of sesame seeds has been reported as protective effects against neuronal damage induced by chemical hypoxia or hydrogen peroxide but there was no sufficient biological study of white sesame and black sesame. In present study, oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD-R) model, an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was used to investigate the effects and comparative study of white sesame and black sesame on different cell lines. This result clearly demonstrated that crude extract of white sesame is superior than crude extract of black sesame and fractions of white sesame and black sesame protected PC12 cells from hypoxia-induced stress.
 Keywords: Oxygen glucose deprivation, PC12 Cells, Ischemia model, Sesamum indicum L.


Ecosophy as a philosophical construct has its origins in Naess' philosophy. As a position, it foregrounds humanity's capacity to harmoniously live with the environment and see the self within the landscape of a continuously growing and evolving milieu. Armed with such appraisal of human nature, Naess posits a challenge to humanity to find his/her place within nature, and be introspective about what it means to be human within such complex and diverse ecological space. In Ecology, Community and Lifestyle: Outline of an Ecosophy (1989), responding to such challenge means finding the balance between norms and hypotheses, or between evaluative positions and scientific explanations on humanity's relation with nature. Expressed in his Ecosophy T, Naess reveals the mindset and values needed to systematize an ecosophy that outlines the intricate and necessary relation between ethics and science of ecology. More importantly, what Naess' position has accomplished is that it sets the tone and gives a sense of direction as to where humanity's sense of respect should be located – in-between the environment and himself/herself, and the community of species that purposefully participates in the unfolding of


Investigations on susceptibility of insecticides in cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley) was carried out at Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat during October 2020 to January 2021 through the IRAC leaf dip bio-assay technique. Mealybug population from the farmer's field of Bharuch district were collected and reared at Main Cotton Research Station, NAU, Surat under field cage cover. Leaf dip bio-assays were carried out for the seven insecticides viz., imidacloprid 70 WG, acetamiprid 20 SP, thiamethoxam 25 WG, buprofezin 25 SC, lamda cyhalothrin 5 EC, spinosad 45 SC and profenophos 50 EC with eight concentrations including control with three repetitions. At recommended rate, profenophos 50 EC at 0.1% and acetamiprid 20 SP at 0.004% recorded 83.50 and 80.77% mortality of mealybug after 72 hours of exposure. Buprofezin 25 SC at 0.05% recorded 78.89 while imidacloprid 17.8 SL at 0.00445% exhibited 67.70 and thiamethoxam 25 WG at 0.01% found to show 65.91% mortality of mealybug under laboratory bioassay after 72 hours of exposure.


UH researchers have significantly improved the calibration of the MARIE by simulating its response to energetic protons using FLUKA. Analysis of MARIE data shows that the intensity of solar energetic particles depends strongly on how well the observation point is connected magnetically to the site at which the particles are accelerated.


This dissertation refers to the incoherence in teaching oral language between Kindergarten and Primary School. It is a mixed research as it combines quantitative and quality data. Specifically, the survey was conducted firstly through the analysis of the Kindergarten's and Primary School's Curriculums and the school books and secondly through the research of the teachers' views. The results show that the Curriculums propose the equal teaching of oral and written language in both levels of education. However, the Kindergarten books give priority to the teaching of oral language whereas the Primary School books to the practice of grammar. The teachers' views confirm this result. The coherence in oral activities though is included neither in the Curriculums, nor in the school books which are separate in each level. This view is not confirmed by the teachers who support that there is coherence in teaching oral language between Kindergarten and Primary school.


T HIS year marks the twentieth anniversary of the publication of Edwards and Bell's [1961] classic treatise The Theory and Measurement of Business Income. This book has attained a reputation as a major contribution to the accounting literature. The significance of its contribution is made somewhat more unusual since at the time of its publication neither of the authors was an accounting academic per se. Edwards was Professor of Economics at Rice University and Bell was Professor of Economics at Haverford College. Indeed, for the latter, the book represented his first published work in the accounting literature. This review article is organized into three major segments. In the first, an attempt is made to classify the methodological approach employed by Edwards and Bell (hereafter, E&B) in developing their theory. Knowledge of how a particular work fits within the array improves our understanding of the evolution of accounting theory. In the second segment, certain features of E&B's analytical approach and theoretical linkages are scrutinized in order to highlight and evaluate the internal logic of the book. Finally, in the third segment, the impact of E&B on subsequent research and on accounting practice is considered. Included in this section is an assessment of whether the basic income theory approach employed by E&B is still relevant to contemporary research issues. Although I am an enthusiastic admirer of The Theory and Measurement of Business Income, I also believe that this book is not without its flaws. The basis for both my admiration and my reservations will be explained, where appropriate, in the sections that follow.


In the aftermath of a disaster like Hurricane Katrina, remote-sensing methods are often employed in an effort to assess damage. However, their utility may be limited by the aerial perspective and image resolution. The Spatial Video Acquisition System (SVAS), in conjunction with a Geographic Information System (GIS), has the potential to be a complementary methodology for obtaining damage assessment information as well as capturing recovery related geographies associated with post-traumatic stress. An example is provided from the Lower 9th Ward of New Orleans with data that could be used to predict neighborhood post-traumatic stress. Results reveal six dimensions in which a SVAS can improve existing disaster-related data collection approaches: organization, archiving, transferability, evaluation, objectivity, and feasibility.


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The performance of automotive controller area network (CAN) for safety driving applications based on the radar sensors is tightly related to the target vehicle detection. The presented paper deals with introduction of appropriate signal detection and signal processing techniques for closing vehicle detection (CVD) based on FMCW radar.


A communication system makes throughput preferable by reducing wireless frame collision which occurs when a plurality of control stations cannot recognize one another. When a wireless communication device that is operating as a dependent station of a first control station detects a second control station, DEVice operates as a dependent control station. Accordingly, the second control station is changed to a dependent station or a dependent control station.


Two information. extraction methods were applied to selected diagnostic medical images obtained from different imaging. modalities. Sample images consisted of magnetic resonance tomograms, transmission computed tomograms, and emission computed tomograms of patients with focal and generalized brain abnormalities. Color composite analysis applied to image pairs afforded a limited but potentially useful approach to enable rapid, objective. depiction of relative and absolute contribu-tions from dualmodality parameters. Cluster analysis applied to image pairs or triplets was computationally more demanding, but this approach afforded a method for objective classification of tissues that could be generalized. Technical problems arise from patient factors and machine factors. Patient factors include motion and positioning. Machine factors include resolution, orientation, format, registration and scaling.


The purpose of this devotion is to increase knowledge and insight into the innovation of e-learning based learning for teachers of SMA Negeri 4 Kendari can be done through training activities in the application of Schoology. This activity was attended by 15 people in the teachers of SMA Negeri 4 Kendari with the implementation method of devotion using lecture methods, questions and answers, and simulations. The results of this dedication show that (1) the trainees have a knowledge of the use of e-learning application Platform Schoology, (2) The trainees already have a learning class using the platform E-Learning Application Schoology, and (3) The trainees have been knowledgeable in creating and developing the content of e-learning Schoology application


The COVID-19 pandemic forced higher education institutions and teacher education programmes to transition from face-to-face to remote teaching. In this new educational environment, universities and schools had to make changes to address emerging teaching and learning needs. This literature review study provides an overview of research on teaching and learning practices published after the outbreak of COVID-19 in the context of teacher education. It aims to examine their characteristics after the pandemic and analyse issues that have affected their development. Based on the inclusion criteria, 28 papers were considered in the analysis. Findings point to the social and collaborative dimension of teaching, the caring component and the adoption of a more democratic and inclusive approach to teaching and learning. Personal and contextual factors and the challenges encountered related to poor interaction and difficulties in assessing students' performance are also identified. Implications for rethinking current online teaching and learning practices in the context of teacher education are discussed. [ FROM AUTHOR]


Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of losartan,a specific angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist,in reducing hematocrit (HCT) in patients with posttransplant erythrocytosis (PTE).Method Fifteen renal allograft recipients complicating erythrocytosis were treated with losartan between November 11,1999 and July 30,2002.Results A significant deline of hematocrit was observed one month after the treatment and returned to normal in 13 cases within 3 months.The other 2 patients had normal hematocrit after 4 months of treatment.The hematocrit was stabilized and no patient became anemia.Erythrocytosis recurred in 2 cases after discontinued losartan for 3 months,but satisfactory therapeatic response was observed again after the resumed use of losartan.Eleven cases discontinued losartan for at least 6 months with no recurrence of erythrocytosis .No side effects were noted in all patients.Conclusions Losartan is safe and effective for the treatment of posttransplant erythrocytosis.


With the continuous changes in China's investment environment, new changes in power grid investment patterns have emerged, requiring the transformation and upgrading of traditional businesses and the continuous development of new businesses. This paper analyses the coupling relationship between traditional business and new business based on coupling degree theory, and analyses the factors influencing the investment demand of traditional business and new business of power grid enterprises. With the goal of maximizing the investment value of traditional and new business, we consider the impact of investment projects on the economy, reliability and security of power grid, and add the capital constraint to the objective function in the form of penalty function, so as to build an optimization model of power grid investment based on the integration of traditional and new business. The practicality and accuracy of the model are verified through case analysis based on genetic algorithm.


Following a mediation theory between basic personality trait and performance evaluation, the present research argues trait emotional intelligence (EI) as a personality trait, and examines evidence for the existence of a hierarchical model between trait EI and service performance. A survey was administered to personnel within a large service organization in the Asia-Pacific region. A hierarchical regression analysis on the 152 valid responses confirmed the validity of the proposed hierarchical relationship leading to conclusions about the applicability of the findings in service settings. The study findings provide insights into EI research from the construct operationalization perspective, extending into the broader theoretical context.