1 School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China. 2 College of Chemistry and Material Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China. 3 College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Shanghai Jianqiao University, Shanghai 201306, China 4 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Qinghai Minzu University, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com


One of the most popular teaching programs on the campus since its installation in the fall semester of 1998, the Biotechnology Program has received about 274 applications from undergraduate and graduate students in the colleges of Science, Medicine, Engineering, Agriculture, Management, and Public Health. In order to improve teaching efficiency, the curriculum was designed to identify and differentiate core from specialized courses so that students may receive training in an orderly manner.


American Airlines has asked that federal capacity constraints on Chicago O'Hare be shared more widely by satellite airports, but Midway Airlines opposes the move. The FAA imposed new capacity limits on Oct. 3, 1988. The number of scheduled arrivals in VFR conditions was reduced from 96/hr. to 80/hr., and down to 69/hr. under IFR. Midway Airport operations also were curtailed to 25 landings an hour, down from about 30. The agency imposed the lower limits after recording an increase in operational errors by controllers. American Airlines believes the FAA has imposed unfair limits on O'Hare. American Airlines has asked the FAA to: bring Midway Airport under the high-density rule; limit IFR operations at Meigs Field; determine how many combined operations at O'Hare, Midway and Meigs can be handled "safely and efficiently" by the Chicago air traffic control system; establish slot levels at the three airports that distribute the combined number of IFR operations "in a manner that is equitable and in the public interest"; withdraw slots from existing users at O'Hare, if needed; and develop short- and long-term plans that will permit more operations in the area.


Four types of sponge balls: normal, granulate, polishing and corundum were evaluated for fouling removal capabilities, polarization resistance residue and cleaning force. The sponge balls under evaluation were removed from Unit 1 of the Mihama Nuclear Power Station. It was found that the granular ball was the best, however its cleaning force decreased rapidly; the 26 mm polishing ball was better than the normal ball, and, the corundum ball must be used with caution. 2 figs.


In order to maximize power output from the solar panels, one needs to keep the panels aligned with the sun. So solar tracker having high reliability must be designed. This paper cares about the design and evaluation of a two-axis solar tracker system based on fuzzy logic control with LabVIEW. The research focus on planning mechanical parts, making an intelligent controller which controls and monitors all parameters via user interface implemented of a fuzzy decision support system for control of photovoltaic panel movement. We also develop a real solar tracker system and analyze the influence indexes such as environment, weather, season, and light condition. The solar tracker is tested in real condition and all parameters related to the system operation are recorded and analyzed. The developed solar tracking system got a much higher efficiency about 38 % compare to fixed solar panel although the weather condition is affected a lot to the solar panel. So we confirmed the our auto tracking system is more effective and can allow more energy to be produced.


An all fiber modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a ring-down configuration is proposed. A nanometer level sensitivity and a high dynamic range of 40dB are readily achievable.


The load-carrying capacity of steel structures and members subjected mostly to bending depends in large measure on local stability of their compressed flanges and bending webs in decided cross-sections and areas. Depending on local stability, the elastic or plastic, eventually the elastic-plastic analysis and design can be applied. The actual standards for design of steel structures contain relatively detailed rules for elastic analysis by the elastic theory and for plastic analysis by the plastic theory. The elastic-plastic analysis and design of steel members are meanwhile still problematic from theory, standard and application point of view. The real elastic-plastic behavior of the steel members is complicated strength and stability problem. Therefore, the representative experimental knowledge and results about the real elastic-plastic behavior and mechanisms of failure of the steel members have been very important from the scientific and applied aspects. The author of paper realized in previous time the wide experimental research within the range of this intention. The paper contains selected knowledge and results of the previous experimental-theoretical investigation of the elastic-plastic local stability of the steel members subjected mostly to bending. The adequate slenderness – strain relation and methodology for practical calculation of the elastic-plastic bending load-carrying capacity of the steel cross-sections and members are presented in the paper.


Purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted increasing attention due to their unique photophysical properties and widespread optoelectrical applications, but the pursuit of high quantum yield is still a continual struggle for RTP emission under ambient conditions. Here, a series of novel RTP molecules (26CIM, 246CIM, 24CIM, and 25CIM) are developed on the basis of indole luminophore, in which a carbonyl group bridges indole and chloro‐substituted phenyl group. The structural isomerism is systematically regulated toward enhancing the intramolecular‐space heavy‐atom effect, thus promoting the spin–orbit coupling and intersystem crossing for high RTP efficiency. While rationally modulating the intramolecular‐space heavy‐atom effect, the phosphorescence efficiency is dramatically increased by 16‐fold from 2.9% (24CIM) to 48.9% (26CIM). Basically, the fully occupied chlorine atoms at the positions 2 and 6 can effectively favor the stronger intramolecular H…Cl effect, and the tight lock coupling with anti‐parallel stacking in 26CIM further boosts RTP emission synergistically. The experimental findings along with deeper theoretical insights elucidate the structure–performance relationship clearly, and further suggest a general strategy for rationally constructing high‐efficiency RTP materials.


By using the daily temperature from Jan 1955 to April 2008,the winter mean temperature,cold days,cold accumulated temperature and climate abrupt change as well as periods of winter temperature in Shijiazhuang were analyzed.The variation of extremely cold(warm) days in winter and the distribution of severe cold(warm) winters of Shijiazhuang under the background of the warming winter were discussed also.The results show that the winter temperature especially the lowest temperature increased obviously in the recent 53 years,and the cold days and the cold accumulated temperature reduced obviously.Winter temperature changed abruptly in the 1990s.Nearly twenty days shortened in winter in recent 53 years mainly for ahead of time of winter termination.The extreme cold days decreased evidently and yearly variation of the extreme high temperature days increased in winter.The severe cold winter occurred before the 1980s,and the severe warm winter occurred from the later 1990s to the early 2000s.


This article discusses the implications of diagnostic errors for comparative effectiveness research (CER). It notes the potential role of CER studies for improving diagnosis and treatment decisions and the value of expanding the CER agenda to address misdiagnosis.


People with aphasia (PWAs) have demonstrated the ability to learn augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices that employ traditional grid layouts to enhance their communication; however, the process is typically lengthy and yields limited generalization (Fox & Fried-Oken, 2001; Koul & Harding, 1998). In response, researchers have begun to investigate the use of visual scene displays (VSDs) to support the communication interactions of PWAs by capitalizing on their relatively intact episodic memory (Beukelman, Dietz, McKelvey, Hux, & Weissling, in press; Dietz, Beukelman, & McKelvey, 2006a; Dietz, McKelvey, Beukelman, Weissling, & Hux, 2006b; McKelvey, Dietz, Hux, Weissling, & Beukelman, 2007). High-technology VSDs may include various combinations of photographs, text boxes and speak buttons (see Figure 1); however, the specific elements of VSDs that best support the communication of PWAs is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to compare the impact of personally relevant (PR) photographs and line drawings (LDs) as well as the presence of text on four AAC interfaces, on the communication of PWAs during a personal narrative retell task.


Abstract : This dissertation describes the development of the world's first scanning positron microscope (SPM) by physicists at the Military University, Munich. The SPM uses positrons, the antiparticle partners of electrons, to detect minute defects in semiconductors. Since positrons are positively charged, they are attracted to regions of negative charge. The most common form of defect in semiconductors is known as a "vacancy". When a positron meets an electron, the two annihilate each other, releasing their energy as gamma-ray photons. The resulting radiation reveals the precise location of a vacancy. The positrons, which come from a radioactive sodium source, are passed through a series of electric fields that homogenize them into short pulses. They are then passed through another series of fields that accelerate the pulse to a specified energy before focusing it into a 2 micron dot on the silicon surface.


The acceptor Be has been diffused into GaP from a liquid Ga–Be–P diffusion source at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000°C. The diffusion behavior was found to be a function of the growth origin of the substrates, and the depth of the diffused junctions was not proportional to the square root of the diffusion time over part of the temperature range investigated. Diffusion profiles were obtained in liquid encapsulated Czochralski material at 1000, 900, and 800°C by the atomic absorption technique, and the 1000 and 900°C profiles were analyzed by the Matano method. In the high‐concentration range investigated it is found that the diffusion coefficient varies nonmonotonically with concentration and reaches a maximum value of 8.5×10−8 cm2/sec at a concentration of 2.5×1019 cm−3 at 1000°C. Comparison with Zn diffusion shows that the diffusion coefficient of Be is approximately one order of magnitude larger than that of Zn at 100°C and that a strong similarity exists in the concentration dependence of the dif...


Main challenge in any Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system is to deal with multiple fonts and sizes. In OCR of Indian languages, one also has to deal with a huge number of conjunct characters whose shape changes drastically with fonts. Separating the conjunct characters into its constituent symbols leads to segmentation errors. The proposed approach handles both the above listed problems in the context of Devanagari script. An attempt is made to identify all possible connected symbols of Devanagari (could be a consonant, vowel, half consonant or conjunct consonant henceforward shall be referred as a basic symbol) in the middle zone without segmenting the conjunct characters. On observing 469580 words from a variety of sources in our study, it is found that only 345 symbols are used more frequently in the middle zone and cover 99.97% of the text. They are then classified into 16 different classes on the basis of structural properties which are invariant across fonts and sizes. To validate the proposed classification scheme, results are presented on 25 fonts and three sizes.


Introduction An aversion to advantageous inequity (more for me, less for you) emerges late during child development, around 8 years of age1. By this age, reputa>onal concerns have been shown to guide aspects of children's coopera>ve behavior, such as chea>ng, sharing, generosity and fairness2,3,4,5. It is currently unclear whether advantageous inequity aversion represents the internaliza>on of a strong norm of fairness or whether it is mo>vated by reputa>onal concerns.


OBJECTIVE:To explore the risk factors of adverse reaction of cefazolin drugs by Logistic model. METHODS:Related information was collected from the information system of our hospital,and SPSS 19.0 software was conducted for statistical analysis. RESULTS:Totally 855 patients were enrolled,30 of which had adverse reactions(3.51%). According to the results of Logistic analysis,intravenous administration with the concentration of ≥20 mg/ml(OR=7.857,95% CI:1.566-39.431,P=0.003) was the risk factor of adverse reaction of cefazolin drugs when single dose was above 2 g(OR=13.75,95% CI:2.423-78.028,P0.001)at 0:00-8:00(OR=2.340,95% CI:1.043-5.253,P=0.034). CONCLUSIONS:Adverse reaction of cefazolin drugs might be dose-related type. The drug adverse reaction predictive thresholds are single dose above 1.75 g with administration time of 0:00-9:05 and concentration of above 7 mg/ml. According to the predictive thresholds,the risk of patients with adverse reaction can be predicted to promote safe and effective use of cefazolin.


[Objective]To explore the outcome and surgical technique of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA) for serious medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee.[Methods]Eighteen patients(18 knees) with serious medial compartmental osteoarthritis of knee treated by UKA from May 2008 to June 2009 were reviewed and analyzed.The pain and range of motion(ROM) of the knees were evaluated by HSS score system before and after UKA.Pre-and postoperative alignment of the lower limbs were measured and compared.Surgery indications and surgical technique of UKA were also summarized.[Results] Eighteen knees of 18 patients were followed up for a mean time of 18 months(12~24 months).The pain over medial compartment of the knees were subsided or relieved in all cases.The post-operative ROM of the knees were 0°~120°(mean 100°),and alignment was 2°varus on the average(0°~ 5°varus).HSS score increased from 68(60~76) to 85(78~90).The excellent and good results accounted for 89%.[Conclusion]UKA is an effective method for serious medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee.Surgical indications and surgical technique with C-arm monitoring are the key factors for the final results.


The discontinuous crack model is model in which the discontinuities around a crack tip are taking into consideration as the first-order approximation and which can be thought of as the most generalized model of the Dugdale's. In this paper, fundamental investigations are made to let this model be a match for usual continuum crack model in its generality and applicability. The contents are as follows : (1) A general method to give the constitutive equation for the plane considering a discontinuity that conforms to a continuum without any contradiction is shown by introducing a strain-like quantity. (2) Finite element formulation for the discontinuous plane is shown by using plane elements. (3) Finite element analyses of an elastic-plastic crack and an elastic-creep crack are carried out, and the applicability of the model is discussed through the evaluations of crack parameters.


The sensitivity of the /sup 7/Li(p, alpha )/sup 4/He reaction to proton polarization is measured in the 0.5-2 Mev energy range. Polarized protons were obtained by /sup 12/C(p,p) elastic scattering. At low energies and an angle of 45 deg the sensitivity of the /sup 7/Li(p, alpha )/sup 4/He reaction does not exceed 10%; with increasing proton energy the sensitivity gradually increases and reaches 60% at 2 Mev. (auth)


Unbridged PtIII dimers, cis- and trans-[PtCl3L2]2 (L = (E)-HNC(OMe)Me, cis-2 and trans-2), are formed, as transient species, in the oxidation with excess chlorine of the PtII compounds cis- and trans-[PtCl2L2] (cis-1 and trans-1) to the corresponding PtIV species, cis- and trans-[PtCl4L2] (cis-3 and trans-3). Complexes cis-2 and trans-2 are rather stable at low temperature (<0 and −20 °C for cis-2 and trans-2, respectively), while at higher temperature (20 °C) they readily oxidize to PtIV (τ1/2 = 80 and 5 min for cis-2 and trans-2, respectively). The structures of the PtIII species have been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds are neutral dimers composed of two square-planar PtCl2L2 units perpendicularly connected by a Pt−Pt bond and capped by axially coordinated chloride ligands. Bond distances and angles within the equatorial PtCl2L2 units are normal. The axial Pt−Cl bond lengths are ca. 0.14 A longer than the equatorial ones, indicating a strong trans influence of the intermetalli...


Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are vascular tumors with the potential for significant morbidity. There is a lack of validated objective tools to assess IH severity and response to treatment. Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS), a noninvasive, nonionizing imaging modality, can measure total hemoglobin concentration and hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tissue to assess IH vascularity and response to treatment. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of a wireless, handheld DOS system to assess IH characteristics at selected points during their clinical course.


The review presents the current clinical pharmacological approaches skincare newborns and infants. Described in detail the physiology and pathophysiology of the skin of young children and describes the risk of skin lesions in newborns and infants. Much attention is paid to the preparation of ointment Bepanten as an effective agent for the treatment of diaper dermatitis in children. The information provided is extremely necessary in the practical work of pediatricians, general medical practice.


Geophysics is an important branch of earth science.In this paper,the application of geophysics is briefed and the content and important parts of the course are analyzed.Moreover,the teaching content,teaching method,practice plan and examination approach are discussed according to the teaching of Geophysics for geology specialty in China University of Geosciences,which can improve teaching quality to a higher stage.


Planning problems over multi-period horizons occur in arc routing but are neglected by OR researchers. This paper presents these new problems, a classification and a hybrid GA able to tackle the planning and scheduling levels simultaneously.


Purpose – Improving Global Health is a one year leadership scheme which places trainee doctors and more experienced nurses, midwives and AHPs in a developing country (Cambodia or Tanzania) to develop leadership and quality improvement skills while contributing to Millennium goals in the developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to report on an independent evaluation of the programme, with the purpose of highlighting lessons learned to inform other leadership development initiatives, and in particular to highlight the vital importance of a receptive NHS environment if maximum value is to be gained from investment in clinical leadership.Design/methodology/approach – The evaluation methodology comprised literature review; review of documentation, including on line questionnaires to Fellows; interviews with stakeholders and attendance at key scheme events in July‐September 2011. Fellows who had completed an overseas placement in either Cambodia or Tanzania during 2009‐2010 were interviewed using a se...


Nursing student's experiences of their clinical practice provide greater insight to develop an effective clinical teaching strategy in nursing education. The main objective of this study was to investigate student nurses' experience about their clinical practice. The result of this study showed that nursing students were not satisfied with the clinical component of their education. They experienced anxiety as a result of feeling incompetent and lack of professional nursing skills and knowledge to take care of various patients in the clinical setting. The backmatter of the book contains a few articles concerning the merits of open access publishing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate and describe nursing students' and clinical instructors' understandings of critical thinking and to discover which clinical experiences were significant in allowing students to develop critical thinking abilities. Interpretive qualitative methodology was used to explore students' and instructors' perceptions of critical thinking experiences that occurred during clinical education. Data were obtained from 11 student participants and 4 instructor participants using responses to prompts defining critical thinking experiences and follow-up interviews. There were three overarching findings from this study: (a) students and instructors described similar characteristics of clinical experiences that were significant in developing critical thinking including complex situations warranting independent identification, interpretation, and decision making by students; (b) students and instructors described critical thinking as the ability to process an unclear situation, understand the significance of the context, and know what to do next; and (c) students and instructors revealed a disconnect regarding instructor significance and role during clinical experiences. The findings of this study have demonstrated the importance of clinical experiences and preparing for them and debriefing after them for students and the development of their critical thinking. Implications for nursing education include the need to implement certain strategies that maximize critical thinking experiences in the clinical setting, the need for education and training for clinical instructors, and the need for improved discourse between students and instructors regarding clinical experiences. Print+CourseSmart This eighth edition of Essentials of Nursing Research, written by AJN awardwinning authors, along with its accompanying Study Guide for Essentials of Nursing Research, student learning ancillaries, and instructor teaching materials present a unique learningteaching package that is designed to teach students how to read and critique research reports, and to appreciate the application of research findings to nursing practice.New to this edition: New text organization with separate sections on quantitative and qualitative research offer greater continuity of ideas to better meet the needs of students and faculty. New online chapter supplements for every chapter expand student's knowledge of research topics New chapter on mixed methods research, which involves the blending of qualitative and quantitative data in a single inquiry, responds to the surge of interest in this type of research Increased emphasis on evidencebased practice (EBP) especially in the areas of asking wellworded questions for EBP and searching for such evidence guides the reader from theory to application. Enhanced assistance for instructors with numerous suggestions on how to make learning aboutand teachingresearch methods more rewarding. Named a 2013 Doody's Core Title and Essential Purchase! Praise for the Third Edition: "I recommend this book as an introduction to new educators involved in clinical teaching." -Journal for Nurses in Staff Development The fourth edition of this highly acclaimed text continues to provide a comprehensive framework for planning, guiding, and evaluating learning activities for graduate and undergraduate nursing students in numerous clinical settings. A respected resource for clinical faculty, it addresses the distinct requirements of clinical learning as opposed to classroom learning and provides proven strategies to maximize clinical education. The revision features expanded content on teaching graduate students, regulatory issues affecting distance education, and the use of social media. It covers establishing and using dedicated education units (DEUs), the challenges of student access to electronic health records and documentation of care, and reducing the demands of clinical staff members when multiple students rotate through a particular setting. Additionally, this edition provides guidelines for using preceptors, evaluating multimedia, and observing students in practice; sample observation guidelines, learning assignments, and clinical learning activities; and sample policies for clinical evaluation and adherence to professional conduct standards. It includes the latest revisions of the NCLEX test plan and the AACN Essentials guidelines for nursing education. The instructor?s manual, which includes learning activities for each chapter and teaching suggestions, and PowerPoint presentations accompany the text. New to the Fourth edition: Two completely new chapters: the first "Developing Clinical Learning Sites," and the second "Pedagogical Technologies for Clinical Education" Expanded approaches for meeting the clinical needs of graduate students Regulatory issues affecting distance education across state lines Using social media Discussion of benefits of DEUs and practical suggestions for developing them as clinical teaching sites Important content regarding the NLN CNETM Examination Detailed Test Blueprint Challenges of student access to electronic health records Guidelines for using preceptors, evaluating multimedia, and student observation Sample observation guidelines, learning assignments, and clinical learning activities and sample policies for clinical evaluation and professional conduct standards Would you like to develop some strategies to manage knowledge deficits, near misses and mistakes in practice? Are you looking to improve your reflective writing for your portfolio, essays or assignments? Reflective practice enables us to make sense of, and learn from, the experiences we have each day and if nurtured properly can provide skills that will you come to rely on throughout your nursing career. Using clear language and insightful examples, scenarios and case studies the third edition of this popular and bestselling book shows you what reflection is, why it is so important and how you can use it to improve your nursing practice. Key features: · Clear and straightforward introduction to reflection directly written for nursing students and new nurses · Full of activities designed to build confidence when using reflective practice · Each chapter is linked to relevant NMC Standards and Essential Skills Clusters "Qualitative Research in Nursing is a user-friendly text that systematically provides a sound foundation for understanding a wide range of qualitative research methodologies, including triangulation. It approaches nursing education, administration, and practice and gives step-by-step details to instruct students on how to implement each approach. Features include emphasis on ethical considerations and methodological triangulation, instrument development and software usage; critiquing guidelines and questions to ask when evaluating aspects of published research; and tables of published research that offer resources for further reading"--Provided by publisher. Background: Sense of belonging is essential for nursing students to develop and grow within the nursing profession. Unfortunately, incivility threatens the sense of belonging in nursing students. Purpose: The purpose of this crosssectional study is to determine the relationship between staff nurse incivility and undergraduate nursing students' sense of belonging in nursing school, describe the presence of incivility in minority undergraduate nursing students, and determine how semester in the nursing program and weight are associated with incivility and sense of belonging. Baumeister and Leary's (1995) need to belong theory was chosen as the framework for this study. Methods: A convenience sample of 123 junior and senior nursing students from two nursing schools in New Mexico were recruited to participate in this study. The concepts were measured using the Uncivil Behavior in Clinical Nursing Education (UBCNE) and Sense of Belonging in Nursing School (SBNS) surveys. Correlation coefficient, descriptive statistics, Fisher r-to-z


that the patient should consciously work on himself. Our work on the one hand helps the development of consciousness, and on the other profits from existing situations and creates situations favouring the development of positive attitudes and correcting faulty ones. These attitudes involve relationship to medical treatment, to the patient's own condition, to his school work, to his future occupation and plans, and to his contacts with the environment. In individual work with our patients we try to create in them a realistic assessment of their disability and of their own potentialities. This must be an objective one, without dangerous illusions but without passive resignation. Emphasis is laid on making the most of existing possibilities in life and on the need for endeavour in order to realise plans. The prospects of independence, professional work and material self-sufficiency are pointed out. We try to instil principles of living in society in such a way as to avoid pity or aversion, and to gain sympathy and respect. We try to strengthen psychological resistance to physical discomfort, and we emphasise self-mastery as attainable and essential qualities in a life which is and will be more difficult for our patients than for healthy people. The close co-operation between the three aspects of rehabilitation permits the young patient simultaneously to undergo medical treatment, to educate himself, and to learn the difficult art of living in the special circumstances created by physical disability.


The Practice of Emergency and Critical Care Neurology by Eelco F.M. Wijdicks MD, PhD, FACP, 848 pp., Oxford University Press, 2010, $179.95

The name Eelco Wijdicks is synonymous with the field of neurocritical care, and in The Practice of Emergency and Critical Care Neurology , he has added another invaluable guide and major monograph for any clinician in every emergency room and intensive care unit. A comprehensive account of the field, the work benefits greatly from a single author and will appeal to seasoned practitioners as well their more junior colleagues. While the text is …


New residential scale photovoltaic (PV) arrays are commonly connected to the grid by a single dc-ac inverter connected to a series string of pv panels, or many small dc-ac inverters which connect one or two panels directly to the ac grid. This paper proposes an alternative topology of nonisolated per-panel dc-dc converters connected in series to create a high voltage string connected to a simplified dc-ac inverter. This offers the advantages of a "converter-per-panel" approach without the cost or efficiency penalties of individual dc-ac grid connected inverters. Buck, boost, buck-boost, and Cu/spl acute/k converters are considered as possible dc-dc converters that can be cascaded. Matlab simulations are used to compare the efficiency of each topology as well as evaluating the benefits of increasing cost and complexity. The buck and then boost converters are shown to be the most efficient topologies for a given cost, with the buck best suited for long strings and the boost for short strings. While flexible in voltage ranges, buck-boost, and Cu/spl acute/k converters are always at an efficiency or alternatively cost disadvantage.


In this paper, we proposed the data compression and data security on the wireless network. Relay selection has become one of the most important researches in the past few years. Max-Ratio relay selection in cooperative wireless network introduced to improve the wireless communication. An eavesdropper is used to intercept the data from source to destination with the strongest link. By using relay selection method the secrecy capacity can also improved. The data transmitted from source to relay and relay to destination path. We purpose euclidean distance method to find shortest distance of relay. We used data buffer which are placed on each relay. By using this relay, we transmitted data from source to destination. We introduced two types of new concept in this paper i.e. 1) Data Compression and 2) Secure Data Transmissions. This both the concept used to enhanced the maximum the information rate and for the data security purpose. In this paper, we used RLE (Run Length Encoding) method to data compression and new RC6 block cipher concept to provide the secure and protected data to destination side.


Psychological assessment process involves administration, scoring, interpretation, and report writing. In addition to the human resource, time, and effort required for the training, the assessment process itself requires significant time and effort on the part of trained professionals. This automatically translates into the cost, which sometimes can be significant. Given the significantly limited number of trained psychologists who are in clinical practice in India compared to the extent of the population of the country, the amount of assessment work can take away precious time from the intervention services. On the other hand, a significant number of psychological assessment tests used in India are generally old with outdated norms, are poorly standardized, and are not keeping pace with the global development. Given these issues, mental health profession on the whole, as well as the clients/patients can question the validity of the psychological assessments or some specific assessments. This article tries to discuss some of the issues related to the validity of the psychological assessments in general and in specific domains, such as ability, achievement, and psychopathology. In addition to mentioned issues, the article also tries to suggest possible measures to overcome those limitations.


The results are presented of a study on Residential Load Centers (RLC) which include photovoltaic arrays for electrical power generation. Twelve specific climatic regions across the United States were used. Current and future load centers were classified, and the electrical and space conditioning loads were developed. Economic evaluations and cost scenarios are projected for the mid-1980's. The five load center types selected for this study are single family detached homes, townhouses, garden apartments, housing for the elderly, and mobile homes. The study concludes that (1) Limited land availability and cost dictate roof mounted arrays for RLC's; (2) Condominium type ownership of the array seems most viable; (3) RLC with buildings of more than three stories complicates the architecture; (4) Systems without batteries are preferred; and (5) Combined PV/thermal collector systems must show improved performance to be competitive with separate PV and thermal systems for residential load centers.


The mtDNA Cytb genes of 6 fruit fly species, including Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, B. correcta, B. tau, B. scutellata and B. scutellaris, were sequenced. Based on the analysis of mtDNA Cytb 420 bp sequences from 72 individuals of the 6 species, we identified 38 haplotypes and detected 116 variable sites, of which 30 variable sites were highly conserved. The studies of the relationship between the 6 fruit flies and their respective identification sites suggested that mtDNA cytb sequences could be used as the molecular marker in identification of the 6 fruit fly species.


UV spectrophotometry was applied to determine the content of berberine,and the extraction process of berberine was optimized via L16(45) orthogonal design and single factor experiments.The results showed that the optimum condition: materiel ratio: 1∶18;ethanol volume: 70%,extraction temperature 75 ℃,extraction twice,extraction 110 min one time.The anti-bacterial properties of berberine treated silk was tested.It has good bacteria repellancy to Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtili,and the anti-bacterial ratios were all over 70%.


The invention provides a method for producing a multilayer MEMS device and a corresponding multi-layer MEMS device. The method comprises the steps of: providing a multilayer substrate (1, 2, 3; 1a, 2, 3) which includes a monocrystalline support layer (1; 1a), a monocrystalline functional layer (3) having a front side (V) and a backside ( R) and a (between the rear side R) and the carrier layer (1) lying bonding layer (2); Growing a first polycrystalline layer (4; 4a; 4b) on the front side (V) of the monocrystalline functional layer (3); Removal of the monocrystalline support layer (1; 1a); and growing a second polycrystalline layer (40; 40a; 40b) on the rear side (R) of the monocrystalline functional layer (3).


Abstract. Accurate road segmentation is imperative for any effective advanced driver assistance system. Existing state-of-the-art methods are generally based on network architectures; however, high accuracy comes at the expense of abundant annotated data and high-computational cost. The inherently large amount of nonroad areas increases the running time and affects road segmentation accuracy. We propose a method based on the data enhancement of vanishing points (VPs) and deep learning to segment road areas. The VP serves as the location prior to remove redundant areas (e.g., sky and tall buildings). Contour maps reduce noise voters from background interference to mitigate the low VP estimation speed. A voting strategy is deployed to further accelerate the processing speed. After VP presegmentation, the remaining regions are fed into a multilayered extended semantic network (MultiNet), which consists of VGG16 and FCN. By combining VPs and MultiNet, the proposed method reveals discriminative features for road segmentation better than the original MultiNet. The convergent speed of training the MultiNet model is 25% faster than the original network owing to the location priors. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms several other methods with regard to both efficiency and accuracy.


REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the experiences and expectations of being involved in a program that aims to return nurses and midwives, who have acquired a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) in the workplace, to work.The specific review questions are.


Objective To explore the impact of nursing intervention on COPD and spontaneous pneumothorax in VATS patients.Methods Selected COPD and spontaneous pneumothorax in line the VATS patients treated 60 cases,randomly divided into observation group and the control group,30 cases in each group.Control group conventional thoracic surgery care and non-standardized respiratory functional exercise,observation group,in addition to conventional thoracic surgery care,but also the implementation of the integrated care intervention.Used Anxiety Rating Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) to observed and compared the two groups of patients with anxiety,depression and psychological conditions and the incidence of postoperative complications.Results Two groups of patients admitted to hospital within 24h(intervention before) SAS,SDS scores were not statistically different,P 0.05,Discharge(intervention) group 2 patients with SAS,SDS score intervention group was significantly lower than the control group,a statistically significant difference(P 0.05).2 groups of patients the incidence of postoperative complications observed group was significantly lower than the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention can improve patient's anxiety,and depression,can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve postoperative respiratory status,and has positive role to promote the speedy recovery of the patient's.


The pressure tester for portable hand-held structure,composed of the special pressure testing sensor and test management system,Specifically for the detection of metro vehicle passenger compartment door shutting force,minimum obstacle,and door anti-pinch protection function detection,Equipment can be set and record the door number,time,test items,the system can automatically achieve testing requirements and automatically record the test results report generation.


Contents: Communicating Matters. Understanding Context. Communicating in a Different Game. Understanding Where We Are--in Communicating. Judging With Moral Import, in Good Faith. The Possibility of Dialogue. Research Practices. Research Tools. Practical Inquiry in Our Daily Lives.


This work goal is to develop a valuable biodegradable material for sustainable packaging. The utilization of agriculture wastes to produce biodegradable packaging films based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) will reduce its price. CMC was prepared from sugar cane bagasse, and used to prepare composite films with mandarin and cantaloupe peels extracts of different ratios. The effects of these extracts on the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the prepared films were evaluated. Thus, the films incorporated with 10% concentration of mandarin and cantaloupe peels extract exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and pathogenic yeast than the other lower concentrated films. The physiochemical properties of each developed biodegradable films were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and antimicrobial. The reflected work is a novel approach, and which is vital in the conversion of organic waste to value-added product development.


The excess sludge driven from corn processing wastewater treatment station was applied to absorbing lead and cadmium.The factors affecting the adsorption including adsorption time,temperature,pH value,excess sludge mass and the coexisting of lead and cadmium were investigated and analyzed.The result shows the adsorption of lead and cadmium onto the sludge is a quick process and the temperature has a less effect on the adsorption of lead and cadmium onto the sludge.The optimal adsorption pH range of the system for lead or cadmium is from 4 to 8.The adsorption capacity of lead and cadmium onto the sludge increases with the sludge mass increasing;the optimal sludge mass for lead adsorption is 0.5 g/L,the optimal sludge mass for cadmium adsorption is different for the different initial concentration of cadmium and the value is between 0.5 g/L and 2 g/L.In the coexisting adsorption system of lead and cadmium,lead coexisted has an inhibitory effect on the adsorption of cadmium and cadmium coexisted has little effect on the adsorption of lead.


Pan-mentoring, a pedagogical approach to creative engineering design education, establishes a close relationship between the pan-mentor and a design team of students as well as among the individuals within the team. This paper focuses on the impact of the selection (and screening) of design projects on pan-mentoring in creative engineering design. The selected projects should, among others, have good prospects for successful completion, stimulate creativity, and be challenging. This paper analyzed four sources of design projects, namely, faculty projects, industry supported projects, student initiated projects, and projects for design competitions. A project-screening scheme was discussed. An assessment was performed on the student selection process. Additional data was provided to show the impact of the project selection on the students' perception on the design activity. It show that a well selected project and the application of the pan-mentoring pedagogy can enhance engineering design education and help to prepare students for a fast changing future. This study was performed at two universities


The problems of welding the pack Al-diffusion steels are studied and welding process has been improved by preparation of weldable Al-diffusion layer and application of stainless steel welding wire and tungsten argon arc welding. The structure and aluminum chromium distribution in the welds of pack Al-diffusion steels are analyzed by metallographic microscopy . The mechanical performance test, corrosion test and commercial experiment show that the new welding process is high in reliability and the resultant welds are excellent in mechanical performance and good corrosion resistance.


V1: Vienna, Austrian National Library, MS 5418 manuscript contains several texts on instruments, and dates from the first half of the fifteenth century. V2: MS 5303 manuscript is very closely related to V1, and it contains many of the same texts, in the same order. Y: MS 25 manucript, probably copied in the mid-fifteenth century, consists of a collection of astronomical and mathematical texts. M: MS Lat 24105 is linked to the astronomical teaching at the University of Vienna. The author transcribes one of the texts on the instrument; the one beginning "organum ptolomei its sit". based on manuscript V1, the earliest copy of the text.Keywords: MS 5303 manuscript; MS Lat 24105 manuscript; Organum Ptolomei Ita Sit


This paper analyses briefly the roles of dictation, introduces the six kinds of dictation and discusses predominantly the functions of standard dictation concerning language learning, language use and language testing.


In this apparatus, closed sized particles are placed in a container and then fluidized by passing water through the load of particles. Water flow is adjusted to deposit particles in one or more layers depending on the specific gravity of each of the particles, after which the deposited particles are separated in portions of different specific gravity. The obtained portions represent different ore content of the close-sized fraction. The process is repeated for all other size fractions to generate the washability curve of the feed.


The adhesion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to hydrophilic alumina (Al2O3) particles and its removal by caustic alkali cleaning were studied. The surface charge properties of S. cerevisiae cells and Al2O3 particles were determined by potentiometric titration as a function of pH. The cells could adhere spontaneously to Al2O3 surfaces even though they had the same type of net charge as that of Al2O3. The maximum adhesion of 44.0mg dry cell/m2 was observed for the adhesion of negatively charged cells to positively charged Al2O3 in the pH range of 4.2 to 6.6. Approximately 43% of S. cerevisiae cells adhering to Al2O3 were desorbed rapidly by rinsing alone and the remainder was removed by subsequent caustic alkali cleaning. The rate of desorption of S. cerevisiae cells during caustic alkali cleaning depended both on the pH and on temperature, and was analyzed by evaluating the first-order desorption rate constant as a measure of cleaning efficiency. After caustic alkali cleaning, whole S. cerevisiae cells were completely removed, but polymeric substances presumably originating from alkali cell lysis remained on the Al2O3 surface.


Introduction: Geographic disparities in US stroke risk have recently been confirmed by REGARDS, but contributors to this are unknown. Higher prevalence of risk factors (RF) and lower socioeconomic ...


Using panel data on Canadian industris and OECD countries, this article examines empirically the role of growth in domestic and external demand in labou productivity growth. The findings suggest that most of the post-2000 slowdown in business sector labour productivity growth was the result of weak demand growth, which impacts productivity directly by reducing economies of scale and scope and by affecting key productivity drivers such as investment and R&D. With an expected slowdown in both domestic demand growth in Canada and external demand growth for Canadian exports, the medium- to long-term outlook for productivity growth, and hence for real income growth of Canadians, is expected to be weak.


In this paper, a task of human-machine interaction based on speech is presented. The specific task consists on the use and control of a set of home appliances through a turn-based dialogue system. This work focuses on the first part of the dialogue system, the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system. Two lines of work are taken into account to improve the performance of the ASR system. On one hand, the acoustic modeling required for the ASR is improved via Speaker Adaptation techniques. On the other hand, the Language Modeling in the system is improved by the use of class-based Language Models. The results show the good performance of both techniques to improve the ASR results, as the Word Error Rate (WER) drops from 5.81% using a close-talk microphone to a 0.99% and from 14.53% using a lapel microphone to a 1.52%. Also, an important reduction is achieved in terms of the Category Error Rate (CER), which measures the ability of the ASR system to extract the semantic information of the uttered sentence, dropping from 6.13% and 15.32% to 1.29% and 1.32% for the two microphones used in the experiments.


The magnitude, sign, and dispersion of the Kleinman forbidden nonlinear optical coefficient d14 for α‐quartz has been measured via second harmonic generation. The results, relative to d11 (α‐SiO2), are +0.009 and +0.026 for λ0=1.064 μ and 0.532 μ, respectively. The dispersion of the ratio d14/d11 qualitatively agrees with a recent theoretical prediction that d14/d11∝ω2. A microscopic model in terms of bonds and electron lone pairs of symmetry C∞ shows the Si→O bond polarizability β14 to be ten times smaller than the corresponding polarizability found for I→O and Te→O bonds.


Throughout the history of the development of dialysis therapy in the United States, the drive to shorten session length has been a dominant theme. During the 1980s, research with multiple or extremely large surface-area dialyzers demonstrated that treatment times of less than three hours per session were feasible-if not necessarily practical, given the complexity of the systems used-and optimism about short dialysis reached its zenith. Encouraged by aggressive marketing of high-flux dialyzers and given mathematical respectability by urea kinetic modeling, proponents of ultrashort session times asked, "Are there limitations to shortening dialysis treatment?" (1) and invoked "2-hr dialysis: A realistic goal?" (2). By 19861987, according to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) the median treatment time in the US was 9.0 hours per week (3). Fully half of American dialysis patients were receiving less than three hours dialysis per session. During the last few years, however, the discovery of the disturbingly high patient mortality rate in the US has caused the American dialysis paradigm to shift. Renewed emphasis has been placed on delivery of an adequate dialysis dose, and one major national organization after another has publicly endorsed a definition of adequacy, usually a [Ktl V],,,, of at least 1.2 (4-6). Because the 1 9 8 H 7 USRDS data revealed that about 80% of patients were receiving less than that dose, one might therefore expect that since 1987, major increases would have occurred in dialysis prescription. With respect to treatment time, this does not appear to be the case. A Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) survey recently found that for a representative sample of 6,358 patients, average session length during the last quarter of 1993 was 3.27 hr (7)-almost identical to the USRDS 198687 figure of 9.8 hr/wk. Even though it may have a somewhat lower profile than in the heady high-flux days of ten years ago, short dialysis is clearly still with us. If time has not increased, are we delivering adequate dialysis or not? Can we deliver adequate di-


Introduction The films of Shelton J. Lee Mark A. Reid 1. Reflecting the times: Do the Right Thing revisited by William Grant 2. The cinema of Spike Lee: images of a mosaic city Catherine Pouzoulet 3. Polyphony and cultural expression: Interpreting musical traditions in Do the Right Thing Victoria Johnson 4. Aesthetics, ethics, and politics in the films of Spike Lee Douglas Kellner 5. The violence of public art: do the Right Thing W. J. T. Mitchell.


We have studied, designed built and demonstrated a 270mm diameter scaled‐down prototype of a larger 3‐mirror telescope (3M‐T) of low cost/performance ratio offering an anastigmatic field of 1‐deg. A higher performance/cost variant could reach 5‐deg field of view, and can be scaled‐up to very high diameters. The original concept, the particular optical characteristics and functional aspects are briefly explained. The design has already been materialized in the Applied Optics Laboratory of the Hellenic Naval Academy where the instrument is assembled. The experimental working‐model prototype of such an unusual telescope is based on a modified Paul/Baker/Willstrop design and was studied from the beginning as an inseparable entity with its dedicated single‐beam photon counting High Speed Photometer. The instrument is being used in our laboratory to characterize its imaging performance, to feed light at the Nasmyth focus for various atmospheric studies, and direct laser beams to the sky for experiments on laser...


Most of the people in Malaysia have their own transportation to shift around. The
most popular one is totally, car. With the improved volume of cars on road each day, it
shows that that kind of transportation has becoming crucial and a must in Malaysia.
With a statistic like that, then the idea to improve the lug wrench comes about. The new
design of lug wrench has to be easy in usage, ergonomics, and can solve the common
problems for the available lug wrench in the market. The design has to be compact, so it
will answer the problem from the mostly nowadays lug wrench that is not very space
saver. Lug wrench which is used to loosen or tighten the lug nuts on car's rim is
compulsory for every car's owner in case of emergency. For that, some research and
findings has to be done about lug wrench and the cars rim composition. The idea on
having a reduced torque lug wrench based on the questionnaire provided. Most of car
owner has facing their main problem on lug nuts that are too tight to be loosened. So,
with a 3:1 ratio on its input/output rotation, it will at least reduce the torque three times
less theoretically. The epicylic gearing used is suitable in having such a compact design.
The prototype built will be used in trial to show its compatibility in all sizes of cars rim.
Methods such as Design for Manufactured (DFM) and Design for Assembly (DFA) are
used for mass-productions.


The article depicts a number of approaches to the way to define communicative competence essential characteristics and to reveal its structure.


The paper examines specific features of designing a positioning and an emergency alert systems for people in underground coal mines as components of a multifunctional safety system in relation to the positioning accuracy and availability of operational communication between the traffic operator and a miner. It is shown that the practical value of a positioning system depends on the accuracy in defining people positions. In systems with high positioning accuracy, availability of twoway communication between the traffic operator and a miner is a useful feature. Such communication is arranged between the traffic operator's workstation and the miner's individual device and is supported by an uninterrupted radio field (Wi-Fi) inside the mine. A conclusion is made, that due to their design features not all of such systems that are currently used in mines meet the requirements of current Federal Norm and Rules, i.e. "Rules of safety in coal mines", and need to be updated or replaced.


The thermal evaporator system is used to investigate the efficiency of recovery of sodium sulphate, reduction of colour, total dissolved solids and chemical oxygen demand by using sodium persulphate as decolourising agent. The results are that the pH of the effluent is reduced to 7.5 to 8, the average percent removal of chemical oxygen demand is 92%, average percent decolourization is 99%, the average percent removal of total dissolved solids removal is 94% and 100% efficiency in the recovery of sodium sulphate which is 95% pure and hence the recovered sodium sulphate is reused as electrolyte for fresh lots in reactive dyeing as exhausting agent and the super heated steam at 130°C is used for process house and boilers for heating and for partial heating of the thermal evaporator.


Objective To investigate the optimum reconstruction of alimentary tract after total gastrectomy for malignant disease,especially the necessity of gastric substitute and duodenal passage.Methods Four kinds of(reconstruction) methods of alimentary tract were used in 20 patients who underwent total gastrectomy: Braun Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Haoshi antigrade jejunal interposition.Postoperative complaints,body weight,food intake,serum nutritional(parameters,)complete blood count,half emptying time of the gastric substitute,PNI,Visick index were observed.Results As compared with Braun Ⅰ and Ⅱ and Ⅲ,Haoshi antigrade jejunal interposition method showed better body weight,higher nutritional parameters and better PNI.Conclusion It is essential to construct a gastric substitute and maintain the alimentary tract flowing through the duodenum after total gastrectomy for cancer,and Haoshi antigrade(jejunal) interposition might be a better choice for the patients who underwent gastrectomy.


Although it is well known from the work of Samuelson and Hicks that comparative statics is a meaningful exercise only irt the context of a dynamically-stable model, so that presentation of any comparative-static result should always be accompanied by an explicit dynamic model leading the system froin one equilibrium to another, the textbook presentation of the dynamics of the IS-LM model is quite limited. The standard case analysed is one in which the money market adjusts rapidly, so that the economy never leaves the LM curve, but the goods market, cushioned by inventory changes, adjusts more slowly. In response to an increase in the money supply, for example, the economy drops vertically to the interest rate associated with the new LM


This paper synthesizes a collection of studies, mostly from the special issue in HESS/ESD, "Predictions under change: water, earth, and biota in the Anthropocene," and brings out certain key elements that in the opinion of the authors dominate these studies, such as one vs two directional coupling, type of socio-hydrological data used, norms and ethics as feedbacks, value laden nature of socio-hydrological research, etc.


The clinical impression that severe hyperreflexia is not consistently associated with severe spasticity in hemiplegia or hemiparesis due to vascular pathology was tested by objective measurement in 11 patients. The intensity of tendon reflex responses of the triceps and biceps brachii muscles was measured as the reflex sensitivity ratio (evoked twitch tension/stimulating hammer force). The degree of spasticity was measured as the threshold rate of elbow flexion or extension above which a myotatic response was elicited, determined by both a sudden increase in passive resistance and a burst of antagonist electromyographical activity. Rate thresholds were rank ordered for flexion data and for extension data with their corresponding reflex sensitivity ratios. Numerous individual discrepancies stood out. Correlation coefficients between rate thresholds and reflex sensitivities determined at two elbow angles were −0.52 and −0.35 during extension, and −0.47 and 0.03 during flexion. Differences in rate of stretch, differences in the sensory structures stimulated, and differences in the distortion of the organization of motor control may account for the difference in responses to the two tests.


Regional estimates of draft and recharge at at existing levels of ground-water development are often required for planning purposes. However, irrigation draft, a key input for groundwater modelling in space and time is not available. The current practice by several groundwater departments is to use empirical and lumped approach to estimate draft and recharge. A simple methodology suitable for east coastal alluvial aquifer conditions in India is developed using field data commonly available. The methodology requires historical data involving cropping pattern, its areal extent, well inventory, and climatic data besides aquifer parameters as primary input to the model. A unit draft/recharge coefficient that has a physical basis is introduced. The initial estimates of unit draft (U d ) and recharge coefficients (R c ) obtained from lumped water balance approach are optimized using two heuristic algorithms within a simulation-optimisation framework. The optimal values of U d and R c from the two approaches are in close agreement.


In Reply. — Control patients were matched to case patients by age in our study, while sexual history, education, and church attendance (to help control for sexual activity) were controlled in the smoking analyses so that they also could be examined as independent risk factors in other analyses. 1 Because of the risk of cervical cancer associated with these variables, 1 major differences in their distribution between case and control subjects were noted. These variables, although associated, did not present, in the analysis, a problem of multicolinearity. While logistic regression models have the capability to control for confounding, they can only control to the extent that the data are accurate. Thus, biased risk estimates could result if important confounding variables were reported inaccurately, although they were controlled in the analyses. While there is the possibility that sexual history is reported inaccurately, we do not believe that case patients reported differently


As a promising solution in boosting the efficiency of urban traffic, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have been increasingly deployed. Traffic message dissemination, connecting various services and entities, has been regarded as an essential service in ITS, and range query service has also been frequently used for on-demand traffic message retrieval. Meanwhile, as the dataset grows, the service provider tends to outsource the range query services to fog nodes. However, as the fog nodes are not fully trustable, directly outsourcing the services to them may invoke security concerns: on the one hand, the private information, including the traffic messages, query requests, and results should not be revealed to the fog nodes. On the other hand, the fog nodes may return incorrect and/or incomplete query results. Although many schemes have been proposed to achieve privacy-preserving range queries, few of them can support verifiability over dynamic datasets. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient and verifiable range query (EVRQ) scheme over encrypted traffic messages. Specifically, we first build two techniques to respectively enable the fog nodes to efficiently determine and prove whether two rectangles intersect. Then, based on the two approaches and R-tree technique, we create a Merkle R-tree, which we use to build our EVRQ scheme. Security analysis shows that our proposed scheme is really privacy-preserving and can achieve verifiability of the query results. In addition, extensive experiments are conducted, and the results demonstrate that our proposed scheme is indeed efficient.


The enterprise should develop the production and sales plan with maximum profit, double profit and balanced sales as goals according to external demand and internal conditions. They should also apply linear programming, integer programming, multi-objective programming model in operational research model, double profit, multiple modeling ideas, hierarchical analysis, and combine Lindo, Lingo, Excel, Matlab and other mathematical software to analyze and collate data, so as to achieve the production and marketing optimization. Keywords—Mathematical Modeling; Marketing Management; Optimization; Balanced Sales


This article has stated the important function of the modern advanced design technology and the method in the mechanical and electrical products development by a brief summary to the application and development,pointed out the modern mechanical electrical products are the Multi-domain Physical Systems of the different part coupling, Integrated Development Environment modern product development frame system based on the modern design technology is also proposed, this architecture including the mechanical kinetics model establishment, the control algorithm design, the software design and the hardware design, Rapid Prototyping,the embedded system development, this system may reduce greatly the product research and development cycle and the cost. Finally, through one application example of the air suspension integration development system is given in order to demonstrate the integrated development system application construction and the key technologies.


A harmonic average Shannon entropy threshold method is proposed based on the thought that the maximum entropy threshold method searches the optimal threshold of the image by maximizing the arithmetical average Shannon entropy of the object and the background.To improve the performance of the proposed method,a weighted harmonic average threshold method and a weight preferences method are proposed.The proposed weighted harmonic average threshold method searches the optimal threshold by maximizing the weighted harmonic entropy of the object and the background in an image.Experimental results show that the proposed method gets better segmentation result than the classical Shannon entropy threshold method.


The teaching of Constitutional Law in Chile has its origin in two private education's institutions: the Liceo de Chile and the Colegio de Santiago . Their presidents were Jose Joaquin de Mora, from Cadiz, and the Venezuelan scholar Andres Bello, respectively. Both schools included the first academic programs in Chilean Constitutional Law. The victory of conservatives over liberals, at the Battle of Lircay, disarranged the most important liberal academic institution of the Republic, and the academic project of conservatives, improving public education's position, embodied on the Instituto Nacional.


The bicyclic αβ-unsaturated ketone (2), conveniently prepared by thermal rearrangement of (1), is converted, via an 11-step sequence, into the tricyclic ketone (15), thus formally completing a new total synthesis of (±)-zizaene (3).


Agencies frequently mail a follow-up questionnaire to clients who have received service. But some kinds of clients are more likely to respond than others. A study examining the factors that influence response reveals that the results of such follow-up are likely to be biased.


This Statistical Brief provides descriptive statistics on expenditures for the top five most costly therapeutic classes of outpatient prescription drugs, ranked by total expenses in 2010 for Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and older in the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. Prescription drug therapeutic classes are defined according to the Multum/Lexicon therapeutic classification system (see "Definitions"). In 2010, 18 broad therapeutic classifications were delineated.


Theoretical results that enable rigorous statements of convergence and exponential stability of Galerkin approximations of LQR controls for infinite dimensional, or distributed parameter, systems have proliferated over the past ten years. In addition, extensive progress has been made over the same time period in the derivation of robust control design strategies forfinite dimensional systems. However, the study of the convergence of robust finite dimensional controllers to robust controllers for infinite dimensional systems remains an active area of research. In this paper we consider a class of soft-constrained differential games evolving in a Hilbert space. Under certain conditions, a saddle point control can be given in feedback form in terms of a solution to a Riccati equation. By considering a related LQR problem, we can show a convergence result for finite dimensional approximations of this differential game. This yields a computational algorithm for the feedback gain that can be derived from similar strategies employed in infinite dimensional LQR control design problems. The approach described in this paper also inherits the additional properties of stability robustness common to game theoretic methods in finite dimensional analysis. These theoretical convergence and stability results are verified in several numerical experiments. * Department of Aerospace Engineering. The research of the first and third authors was supported in part by AFOSR grant F49620-92-J-0450. ** Department of Mathematics. The research of the second author was supported in part by the Institute for Scientific Computing. Texas A&M University 5"[--¢ _,_...... .... PAGE _ INL,_t =c_,_L'_f BLANK pg_mr_6M_ IMAGE ItLANg blOT FILIMf_ 519 (1) INTRODUCTION During the past ten years, significant progress has been made in the derivation of convergence criteria for Galerkin approximations of linear quadratic regulator control problems in Hiibert spaces [Banks, Gibson79,Gibson91,lto90...]. Usually, these methods synthesize classical results on the convergence of Galerkin approximations for elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equations with minimization strategies for convex cost functionals. During the past few years, however, researchers studying control theory have been increasingly interested in the derivation of control schemes that are robust with respect to uncertainty, either structured or unstructured, in the underlying model [McFarlane,Maciejowski ]. One approach that has been employed with success in the development of finite dimensional controllers is the min-max, or soft-constrained differential game, formulation [Basar]. In this class of techniques the "best" controller is sought subject to a "worst case" disturbance. Extension of this approach to infinite dimensions has also been made recently in principle [ Curtain]. However, the arguments regarding the convergence of the associated finite dimensional Riccati approximations can be more delicate than in the similar LQR minimization case [Attouch,Cavazzuti]. In this paper we show that, in certain cases, the solution to the min-max problem is equivalent to the solution of a related LQR minimization problem. In these cases the approximation theory for the LQR minimization problem [ Gibson79,Gibson9 l,lto90...] can be brought to bear, and the solution of the min-max problem can be approximated by a sequence of solutions to finite dimensional Riccati equations. Thus, this gives a computational method for obtaining a feedback control for a class of infinite dimensional problems which is both optimal and robust with respect to uncertainty. (2) PROBLEM STATEMENT Let H, U and W be real, separable Hilbert spaces and suppose that B _ L(U, H) and dO _ L (W, H) are bounded operators. Consider the evolution equation on H it(t) = Ax ( t) + Bu ( t) + dOw ( t) x(O) = x o _ H is given (2.1) where A is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous exponentially stable semigroup S(t) on H. In the following discussion, it is assumed that the initial point x(0) is fixed. Furthermore, it is assumed that one can define the observation from the state via the relationship y(t) = Cx(t) C e L (H, H) (2.2)


PurposeDecision-making biases play substantial roles in entrepreneurs' decisions and the fate of entrepreneurial enterprises, as well. Previous studies have assumed all entrepreneurs are homogeneous in their proneness to biases, therefore inadvertently creating a crucial research gap by ignoring the role of business experience in the genesis of biases. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on women entrepreneurs' decision-making biases. Thus, this paper's main objective is to explore two influential biases of overconfidence and over-optimism in novice and habitual women entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this study were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with 21 Iranian novice and habitual women entrepreneurs active in four high-tech sectors of biotech, nanotech, aerospace and advanced medicine. The gathered data were analyzed by thematic analysis.FindingsAccording to the findings, while habitual entrepreneurs are prone to all three types of overconfidence (overestimation, overplacement and overprecision) and over-optimism, novice entrepreneurs do not show any signs of overplacement or overprecision.Practical implicationsThere are certain valuable implications resulting from this study that could be of use for not only future researchers in the field of entrepreneurial decision-making and women entrepreneurship but also for women entrepreneurs running entrepreneurial enterprises, especially small businesses.Originality/valueThis paper offers certain novel contributions to the field of entrepreneurship by not only exploring biases in women entrepreneurs exclusively but also scrutinizing biases in novice (first-time) and habitual (experienced) entrepreneurs comparatively.


When Chris Huang took his first job as registrar in 2006, he didn't know what he didn't know. He had worked in admissions, so he did understand much of how a college operates. And he thought his lack of experience was in some ways a benefit; it would allow him to attack the wide variety of registrar tasks with a fresh look, instead of defaulting to operating the way it had always been done.


Original caption reads: "New Zealand soldiers who recently arrived in Japan in the first J Force replacement draft are keen sight-seers. Here, some of the new arrivals, M E Lloyd of Timaru (front), and M V Barford of Christchurch, see the sights of Yamaguchi [Japan] from one type of Japanese "taxi". Official army photograph taken between 1946-1948. Photographer unidentified.
Identified from print of this negative at PA1-q-305-0387.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Film negative


Abstract : Use of simulators for flight instruction has typically followed the pattern of using similar instructional approaches to those that have traditionally been used for in-flight instruction. However, there is a growing awareness that a simulator permits radical departures from the traditional methods. Some of these may be less expensive or even more effective in terms of acquiring the skill. The general purpose of the research reported here was to examine training effectiveness for basic flight tasks of radically different methods of displaying the information that is necessary to support learning of the tasks. Four different visual displays were evaluated for their effectiveness in the acquisition of flight tasks in a simulator. The control condition had a wide field-of-view, a horizon and a checkerboard ground plane that obeyed laws of motion and perspective. The experimental displays were: (1) a narrow field-of-view with horizon and checkerboard ground plane; (2) an outside viewpoint of an aircraft; and (3) a display that consisted only of normal flight instruments. Flight-naive subjects were taught to fly straight-and-level for twenty trials with either the control or one of the experimental displays and then tested for twenty trials on the control display. Training, transfer, and differential transfer performance was examined.


Abstract : Coupons axially loaded beyond a critical stress level induce permanent micromechanical damage which results in subsequent loading degradation. This phenomena will be shown for static tension, static compression, and tensile fatigue types of loading. Such observations are accurate for larger structural elements where edge effects are not significant. Where they are, the results will be low (conservative) as size goes up. Therefore, relating observed damage to failture criteria and structural design is a reasonable and safe operation. Coupons axially loaded beyond a critical stress level induce permanent micromechanical damage which results in subsequent loading degradation. This phenomena will be shown for static tension, static compression, and tensile fatigue types of loading. Such observations are accurate for larger structural elements where edge effects are not significant. Where they are, the results will be low (conservative) as size goes up. Therefore, relating observed damage to failture criteria and structural design is a reasonable and safe operation. Coupons axially loaded beyond a critical stress level induce permanent micromechanical damage which results in subsequent loading degradation. This phenomena will be shown for static tension, static compression, and tensile fatigue types of loading. Such observations are accurate for larger structural elements where edge effects are not significant. Where they are, the results will be low (conservative) as size goes up. Therefore, relating observed damage to failture criteria and structural design is a reasonable and safe operation.


THE results arrived at contrast in a striking way with those obtained by the majority of previous observers, and are in direct opposition to the opinion held by many physicians and founded chiefly on a priori reasoning. About 500 litres of air, bearing on a low average 1500 organisms, are inspired every hour. As all, or at least the greater portion of this comes in contact with the moist mucous membrane lining the tortuous passages of the nasal fossae, it has been taken fur granted that the interior of the nose must show a rich profusion of micro-organisms. This conception is now widely adopted, and its general acceptance probably accounts for the scarcity of recorded observations of bacterioscopic examinations of the nasal cavity in a state of health. The of subject is gone in order. papers have found state made course of diseased met with. two authors —Loewenberg Hajek—find a scarcity of bacteria in the nose ; others record a greater or less variety and profusion. One observer finds the streptococcus of Fehleisen present in one out of every five individuals, and found the diplococcus pneumonia: (Frankel-Weichselbaum) in every four observer frequently met with the bacillus (Friedlander), the streptococcus pyoqenes, and the staphylococcus pyogenes aiireus, and 1" considerable but in insiue uniformity of comparison. Thirteen healthy individuals were examined. I went}- seven cultures and fourteen cover-glass preparations were made from the vestibuk of the nose. Seventy-six cultures and thirty cover-glass preparations were made from the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. The results are summarized as considerable conjunctivitis was present. The pain in the ear was severe and persistent. Operation was deemed inadvisable. The patient died shortly after- wards, and the following condition was found : A large, extradural mass involved the neighbourhood of the sphenoid bone superiorly, extending anteriorly to the crista galli and the orbital plate of the frontal bone upon the right side, and posteriorly nearly to the anterior margin of the petrous bone. The turcica was broken down, and incorporated in the The enlarged and bones disorganized. upon was diseased, discharging mixed pointed its having Microscopic examination showed the growth to be carcinomatous.


The respective effects of 6 month's administration of &blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, carteolol and arotinolol), calcium-chann~l blockers (nicardipine, diltiazem) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) on hemoglobin A,, (HbA,,) levels were evaluated in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), using a retrospective method. NIDDM patients with stable HbA,, and body weight were selected for this study. The following results were obtained. (1) The administration of nicardipine or &blockers significantly elevated HbA,, levels. (2) The administration of diltiazem or enalapril did not have any influence on HbA,, levels. These findings suggest that not only O-blocker but nicardipine (dihydropyridine type calcium-channel blocker) may cause deterioration in glucose metabolism in NIDDM patients.


The objective of this study was to determine the exposure to cysticercosis among school childrens at Sekolah Kebangsaan Bunohan, in Tumpat Kelantan. Cysticercosis is caused by the presence of cysticercus (tapeworm larvae) of Taenia solium. Fortysix serum samples obtained from Siamese and Malay ethnic groups were analyzed using the Cysticercosis ELISA test kit (Cypress Diagnostics, InC). From the samples analyzed, five serum samples showed that IgG of cysticercosis positive was 11%. There were no positive cases among Malay students. This result indicated that only Siamese students are exposed to cysticercosis.


This paper proposes a method for reconstructing non-rigid 3D shapes from noisy 2D shapes. The proposed method estimates the 3D shape bases and projection matrices, exploiting low-rank constraints. Then the method finds the optimal coefficients for linear combinations of 3D shape bases to represent non-rigid 3D shapes using a genetic algorithm, and refines the 3D shape bases and the projection matrices using gradient descent techniques. The method reconstructed correct non-rigid 3D shapes in the presence of noise. The results can be used in many areas including animation, motion capture and non-rigid 3D object tracking.


BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage renal disease and existing data 23 suggest that post transplant graft function is a predictor of kidney graft failure. Exome sequencing of DNA from kidney graft recipients and their donors was used to determine recipient and donor 26 mismatches at the amino acid level. The number of mismatches that are more likely to induce an immune response in 27 the recipient was computationally estimated and designated the allogenomics mismatch score. The relationship 28 between the allogenomics score and post transplant kidney allograft function was examined using linear regression. Prediction of post transplant kidney graft function with the allogenomics mismatch score to quantify histoincompatibilty between the kidney recipient-donor pair.


Objective To study the clinical manifestations and MRI characteristics of hypothalamic hamartoma. Methods The clinical manifestations and MRI findings of 18 chlidren(included 10 boys and 8 girls,ranging in age of onset from 6 months to 12 years) with hypothalamic hamartomas proved by surgery and pathology were retrospectively reviewed. 14 patients were examined with precontrast and postcontrast MR imaging,only 4 were scanned without contrast study. Results The main clinical features of the hypothalamic hamartomas were due to gelastic epilepsy and precocious puberty. Gelastic epilepsy was found as initial clinical symptom in 9 cases, precocious puberty in 5 cases, limbs spasm in 2 cases,motor developmental retardation in 2 cases. MRI showed abnormal single nodules located in the suprasella and hypothalamic regions with round or elliptical shape. All mass had sessile attached to the part of tuber cinereum and mammillary body.The dimeters of the mass 15mm and 15mm in 14 and 4 cases. On MRI, the mass was isointense or slightly hypointense on T1 WI and isointense or slightly hyperintense or hyperintense on T2 WI relative to gray matter,16 of 18 cases the singnal was very homogeneous, two of them combined with necrosis. And no enhancement was observed. Conclusion There were characteristic findings in the clinical manifestations and MRI to evaluate hypothalamic hamartomas. Hypothalamic hamartomas should be considered firstly when patient have the symptom of gelastic epilepsy and precocious puberty,as well as non-enhanced round shape nodules located in the suprasella and hypothalamic regions.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between serum estradiol level (ESL) and testosterone serum level (TSL) with bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly men.

METHODS
Cross-sectional study including 127 healthy men aged 60 years and over. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured. ESL, TSL and sex hormone binding globulin were estimated by radioimmunoassay. Free testosterone level (FTL) was calculated.

RESULTS
The ESL and BMD correlation at the spine was r = 0.288, (p < 0.01) and at the femoral neck was r = 0.224, (p < 0.01). These correlations remained significant after adjustment for BMI and age. By contrast, no correlation was found between TSL and BMD. However FTL were associated with BMD at the spine (r = 0.288, p < 0.01) and at the femoral neck (r = 0.190, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
ESL and FTL are associated with BMD in elderly men. This effect may be partially mediated by the peripheral conversion of testosterone into estradiol.


Brain tumors have been widely evaluated using the 3,4-dihydroxy-6-18fluoro-L-phenylalanine (18F-FDOPA) PET imaging. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of 18F-FDOPA PET in low-grade glioma (LGG). We enrolled 60 patients (37 males and 23 females) affected with LGG; 23% were newly diagnosed, 45% were studied during treatment; and 32% were observed out of treatment during a periodic follow-up. All patients underwent 18F-FDOPA PET and MRI examination; both FLAIR and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences were considered for the response assessment in according to RANO criteria. The PET images were interpreted as positive when the lesion presented definite tracer accumulation considering background and controlateral site. The slices with a maximal 18F-FDOPA uptake in the ROI were chosen for quantitative measurement of metabolic activity of the tracer [standardized uptake value (SUV)]. The concordance between MRI and 18F-FDOPA PET was evaluated measuring the unweighted kappa statistic and its relative 95% Confidence interval (95%CI). The Kappa statistic for the whole sample was equal to 0.301 (95%CIs from 0.21 to 0.40) showing a fair concordance between the two tests in terms of diagnostic ability. We found a good correlations between residual volume and SUV max (r = 0.435, p = 0.002 by Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient), indicating that the greater the residual volume, higher the SUV max is. Also multivariate analysis documented that a SUV max greater than 1.75 represents the only independent predictor of disease progression (HR = 4.59, 95% CIs from 0.99 to 21.31, p = .054). This implies that a patient with a SUV max higher than 1.75 yielded an almost 5-fold increased risk of disease progression, regardless of its clinical and MRI characteristics. Present results confirm that 18F-FDOPA PET imaging may assume a relevant role mainly in the prognostic assessment of patients affected with primary and recurrent LGG.


Yes, m y friends, I believe that water will one day be employed as fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it, used singly or together, will furnish an inexhaustible source of heat and light. . . . As long as the earth is inhabited, it will supply the wants of its inhabitants, and there will be no want of either light or heat as long as the productions of the vegetable, mineral, or animal kingdoms do notfail us. Jules Verne, The Mysterious Island, 1874


The utility model relates to an electronic digital lock provided with the functions of wireless communication and monitoring. The electronic digital lock comprises an E-lock module, a FRID module, a power management module, a built-in antenna and a ZIGBEE communication and control module. The ZIGBBE communication and control module is respectively connected with the built-in antenna, the E-lock module and the RFID module. The electronic digital lock also relates to a management controller of the electronic digital lock provided with the wireless communication and position. The management controller of the electronic digital lock is compatible with the electronic digital lock. The electronic digital lock with the functions of the wireless communication and the monitoring can implement the real-time monitoring for a fluid object, a transport vehicle and the digital lock based on the effective combination of wireless ZIGBEE technology, mobile GSM communication technology, GPS satellite positioning technology, wireless monitoring technology, RFID technology, digital lock technology and internet technology. So the electronic digital lock with the functions of the wireless communication and the monitoring is especially applicable to Customs and a large logistics enterprise for tracking and supervising a container and a container truck in transportation.


LPV/r was suspended due to possible interactions. During follow-up, we identified a progressive platelet count increase (Fig. 1), which was assessed at the pharmacovigilance institutional center as a suspected adverse drug reaction related to ruxolitinib, based on the temporality of the platelet count rise and the duration of the ruxolitinib effect. After stopping ruxolitinib, the platelet count decreased and normalized, and interleukin-6 levels decreased until they were undetectable on day 13 after ruxolitinib, without relevant changes in the rest of the inflammatory markers. We administered an anticoagulation treatment with enoxaparin 80 mg SC BID, maintaining anti-Xa therapeutic levels, and the patient was discharged without clinical complications. In controlled clinical trials, thrombocytosis has not been reported as an adverse effect in the context of myeloproliferative diseases or graft-versus-host disease. In addition, there are only isolated case reports, and it is not included as an expected adverse effect in commercial pharmaceutical information. This phenomenon is possibly due to multifactorial causes, such as reduction in phagocytic activity, reduction of splenic sequestration, incomplete JAK-2 inhibition, or activation of kinases not yet described with megakaryopoiesis dysregulation [3-7]. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ruxolitinib-induced extreme thrombocytosis in the context of COVID-19 in a patient without hematological disease, and should be considered as an extraordinarily rare side effect, which may increase the risk of fatal thromboembolic events.


Movements of Beam Position Monitors due to thermal stress in high beam current operation were observed in KEKB. For high luminosity operation of KEKB, the beam current as high as 1.7 A is accumulated in the positron ring and a precise control of the beam orbit based on the BPM system is required. Though every BPM chamber is fixed firmly on a support of each quadrupole magnet, the BPM chamber moves several hundred microns from the setting position depending on the beam current due to heating of beam pipe by strong synchrotron light irradiation. Such movement introduces an unavoidable offset error in the BPM measurement, and is a serious problem not only for KEKB but also for the next generation of B-factory operated with extremely high beam current. We report the measurement of the movement by gap detectors and an attempt to correct the BPM offset error in real-time operation.


Abstract This paper deals with designing a multi-stage production line to satisfy demand that is much greater than the pace of a single machine in most of the production stages. In addition, the pace of machines in a certain stage is typically different than the pace of machines in other stages. Examples of such an environment characterize the production of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), cosmetics, food processing, and variety of other industries. The paper discusses the main considerations related to the product life cycle management (PLM), and suggests a strategic, rough-cut solution approach that enables some flexibility during the operation period. After the initial design (setting the number of machines and operators at each stage), the line's operation period may face demand changes that require adjustments. This paper discusses these situations and proposes a solution approach. Simple examples are illustrating both a static initial design, and a dynamic approach for planning changes based on demand realization.


Comparative studies of oral appliances and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) generally have been small,


Geostatistical simulation is used to create a synthetic three‐dimensional geologic environment such that randomly generated values of a physical property have a required covariance and mean. We create a spatially stationary, multivariate Gaussian simulation with a Gaussian covariance. This type of simulation permits modeling of natural variations which may be an important source of noise in geologic investigations, whereas interpolation techniques such as kriging tend to smooth out those variations. Computationally efficient frequency‐domain methods allow the rapid creation of multiple scenarios, each having the required statistical distribution. For the particular problem considered, a given porosity distribution is simulated and then functionally related to physical properties needed for input into geophysical models. Additionally, megascopic cavities having random size, shape, and orientation similar to those observed in karst settings are emplaced in the physical model. Geostatistical simulation plays...


Identification of the specific subset of periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) will permit the development and improvement of current periodontal regeneration therapy. A popular approach for the isolation of a subset of PDLSCs would be to use cell surface markers to identify these cells, which are effectively enriched in order to isolate stem cells. The CD146 marker is most commonly used to isolate PDLSCs from human periodontal ligament tissues (hPDL). Previous studies have shown that CD146-positive (CD146+) cells possess potencies of high self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. However, the capability and potency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in hPDL-derived CD146-negative (CD146-) cells have not been well established. In this study, CD146+ and CD146cells were isolated from hPDL, and their properties, including their MSCs potential, were characterized. hPDL was obtained from healthy premolars (n = 10) extracted for orthodontic reasons. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the average proportion of CD146+ cells was about 50%. An approximately 20% fraction of cells with the highest CD146 expression was sorted as CD146+ cells and an approximately 20% fraction with the lowest CD146 expression was sorted as CD146cells using fluorescenceactivated cell sorting. Cell cultures were assessed for their colony-forming efficiency, proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Approximately 20% of CD146+ cells had replicative potential and formed single-cell colonies. The colony-forming efficiency of CD146+ cells was approximately twofold higher than for CD146cells. Cell proliferation measured by cell-cycle analysis and cell counting showed that the proliferative potential of CD146+ cells was higher than that of CD146cells. Cell differentiation potential in vitro was determined by real-time PCR and cell staining with alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S for osteogenic differentiation, Oil Red O for adipogenic differentiation, and Alcian Blue for chondrogenic differentiation. The levels of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were significantly higher in CD146+ cells than in CD146cells under appropriate conditions. The level of glycosaminoglycan and gene expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in CD146cell pellets were higher than in CD146+ cell pellets. These results suggest that CD146+ cells possess bi-potent differentiation potential whereas CD146cells possess unipotent differentiation potential.


This research is motivated by te phenomenon of customers switching behavior of service users happened in college library. Customesr switching behavior can be due to user dissatisfaction with the quality of service, but the satissfaction is not enough to describe the displacement that occured. Therefore, it takes other factors that could help explain the causes of switching. As a tool of analysis of this study using the push-pull factors from Bansal, et, al (2005) to analyze the factors causes of customers switching behavior at the Malang State University Library. This research using descriptive quantitative research with survey method, which is accompanied by probing in order to get clearer and depth answers. Research conducted on 100 people who perform switching. The results showed that the users feel the push factors and pull factors. Pus factors are the cause of switching is the poor quality of service which implies the lack of satisfaction, trus, and commitment of the user to keep using Malang State University Library. While the pull factors, users consider the transfer is done will be more profitable and satisfying


After a decade of contention and debate, transnationalism has finally gained credence as a valid and significant perspective for rethinking international mobility and migration (Glick-Schiller et al., 1995; Portes, 1997; 2001; 2003; Portes et al., 1999; Foner, 1997; Kivisto, 2001; Waldinger and Fitzgerald, 2004). There is now a general acceptance that while the phenomenon of transnationalism is not new and while not all migrants are transnationals, an increasing number of people who are involved in movement and settlement across international borders maintain or build multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while at the same time settling in a new country. In other words, it is not unusual to find people leading lives in which they are incorporated simultaneously into two or more states and organise their daily economic, familial, and social relations within networks that extend across their borders (Fouron and Glick-Schiller, 2002, p. 171). The literature on transnationalism continues to grow and there is increasing acknowledgment of and interest in the study of transnational households. Many of these studies focus mainly on the multiple ways transmigrant parents adopt transnational practices in their lives in multi-layered, multi-transnational social fields. Migrant children – both those who were born in the destination country (commonly referred to as the second Asian Studies Review September 2006, Vol. 30, pp. 273–288