and keywords This study explores the context of storytelling events: oral performances in which migrants interpret their life experiences in front of an audience. The research focuses on how listening to life stories on migration affects the listeners, at an individual and a collective level. More specifically, it investigates the role of storytelling events as a mediator between the listeners' understanding of their narrative identity and the narratives on migration built by mass media and NGOs. In order to explore the existential and social dimensions of storytelling, 10 semi-structured interviews have been conducted with usual participants of storytelling events on migration, organized in different parts of the world. The conceptual core of this study is first informed by Ricoeur's theory of narrative identity, and second by Van Gennep's conceptualization of the rites of passage, and in particular of the liminal stage. Through this interdisciplinary approach at the cross path of philosophy, sociology and anthropology, the analysis demonstrates the listeners' understanding of storytelling events as a collective rite of liminality: as a transitory, in-between state, from disruption to potential for social change. Participants, after an initial a form of rejection and tension towards the story, are able to negotiate what they heard and reincorporate those feelings in a critical reflection on their own society's stereotypes and limits. Therefore, the context of storytelling events creates a bridge between migrant and host society's members by inviting both groups to experience dialogic moments. Finally, the potential of a theoretical approach to storytelling joins the vibrant conversation on the postcolonial approach by positing storytelling events on migration as a form of knowledge production disruptive of Eurocentric knowledge. By giving voice to migrant experiences and memories, storytelling events can become the environment in which deep-rooted prejudice can be transformed into new, culturally democratic, discursive forms.


The synthesis of Fe(III) complexes derived from Schiff base ligands. Obtained by the condensation of o-phenylenediamine, salicylaldehyde and isatin / 2-hydroxy Naphthaldehyde / acetyl acetone is presented. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, IR, Uv-Vis spectral data and thermal analyses. The elemental analysis of the complexes confine to the stoichiometry of the type [ML (H2O)2] (OAc)2. The complexes were found to be electrolytic in nature on the basis of value of molar conductance. From the spectral datas an octahedral geometry has been proposed for all the complexes. The possible geometries of metal complex were evaluated using 3D molecular modelling picture. The metal complexes have been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.


Soil association maps show the spatial relationships of land units having characteristic soil depths and textures, available water capacities, permeabilities, pH characteristics, plasticity indices, liquid limits, and the like, from which broad interpretations can be made such as how the soil is suited as a source for top soil, and as a source for sand and gravel, and how corrosive the soil is for steel and concrete, and what crop and grass yields can be expected. Film color composites of bands 4, 5 and 7 viewed over a light table with magnification show the soil associations of western South Dakota that are now recognized, and, in addition, several new soil association areas have been brought to light.


One of the most common tools for proving behavioral refinements between transition systems is the method of simulation proofs, which has been explored extensively over the past several decades. Stuttering simulations are an extension of traditional simulations—used, for example, in CompCert—in which either the source or target of the simulation is permitted to "stutter" (stay in place) while the other side steps forward. In the interest of ensuring soundness, however, existing stuttering simulations restrict proofs to only perform a finite number of stuttering steps before making synchronous progress—a step of reasoning in which both sides of the simulation progress forward together. This restriction guarantees that a terminating program cannot be proven to simulate a non-terminating one. In this paper, we observe that the requirement to eventually achieve synchronous progress is burdensome and, what's more, unnecessary: it is possible to ensure soundness of stuttering simulations while only requiring asynchronous progress (progress on both sides of the simulation that may be achieved with only stuttering steps). Building on this observation, we develop a new simulation technique we call FreeSim (short for "freely-stuttering simulations"), mechanized in Coq, and we demonstrate its effectiveness on a range of interesting case studies. These include a simplification of the meta-theory of CompCert, as well as the DTrees library, which enriches the ITrees (Interaction Trees) library with dual non-determinism.


Abstract: The growing concern and importance of fuel assistance in the transportation sector have led to the development of an online platform called Fuel Delivery Application. This Android platform aims to provide a safe, reliable, and efficient delivery service for gasoline and diesel to users vehicles, whether they are in urban or rural settings. The application utilizes the GPS sensor of mobile devices to determine the user's location and employs the K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithm, a popular machine learning algorithm, to find the nearest petrol pump. When a user finds themselves stranded on the road due to a lack of fuel, the Fuel Delivery Application becomes a crucial service to rely on. Instead of worrying about finding a nearby petrol pump, users can simply use the application to request the desired fuel to be delivered to their location. The system ensures that the real cost of the fuel is charged, and additional fuel delivery fees are added accordingly


The failure rate of Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), is high in Sweden. Around 6000 SMEs go into bankruptcy every year. This paper attempts to identify the main determinants that are perceived to have contribution to the failure of Swedish SMEs. The research is in principle based on the analysis of panel data matched sample consisting of 1991 bankrupted and 1991 nonbankrupted Swedish SMEs. The statistical techniques of discriminant and logit models are used for analyzing the data. The results, which have a high accuracy rate, indicate a set of three factors - solvency, quick ratio and return on assets - that have significant impact on bankruptcy probability of sample firms in the preceding year of bankruptcy. Furthermore, the results of the multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) for one year before bankruptcy are consistent with the results of logit model.


From the starting position of a political outsider, Italy's PM Giuseppe Conte has carved a widely positive image for himself, gaining widespread popularity during the Covid-19 crisis. Marino De Luca argues that Conte's savvy use of communication channels during a time of national emergency, combined with his personality, have helped him project an image of political competence, empathy, and reassurance.


High lipid chlorophyll-eradicating cells of heterotrophic C. protothecoides were obtained through heterotrophic growth. The lipid content in heterotrophic cells(55%)was about 4 times that in autotrophic cells(14%). The yield of bio-oil(57.9%) produced from these high lipid content of heterotrophic Chlorella protothecoides cells was 3.4 times higher than from autotrophic cells(16.6%)by fast pyrolysis. The bio-oil was characterized by a much lower oxygen content, with a higher heating value(41 MJ/kg), a lower density(0.92 kg/l), and lower viscosity(0.02 Pa·s)compared to those of bio-oil from autotrophic cells and wood. (3.


A wide range of information sources is available to students in various forms providing opportunities for students to utilize these information sources for study purposes. However, studies on the extent to which students know and use it to complete lecture assignments are still rare. This study aimed to identify undergraduate students' experience at one faculty in a university in Semarang when exploring various kinds of information resources to do their assignments. This qualitative study used interviews as the only technique in obtaining data. By employing purposive sampling method, eleven undergraduate students who met the specific criteria participated in this study. All the participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. The data were then analyzed by using thematic analysis, to uncover the undergraduate students' information sources preference and how they used them. The findings revealed students' selections of information sources for conducting their information retrieval process. They also identified the complexity of student information retrieval activities that were heavily affected by external factors such as the type of assignment, and internal from the students themselves, for example, knowledge of available information sources and motivation to use them. The findings provided evidence to inform the development of library services and information literacy responses to enhance undergraduate students learning.


The vast array of problems and challenges plaguing South African society can only
be confronted by a new working relationship between different ecclesial traditions.
With church division and fragmentation seriously impeding constructive engagement
in the public morality sphere, the present moment demands that churches seek
new and creative ways of dealing with old problems for the sake of the common
good. The purpose of this article is to provide an ecumenical ethic that may assist
Protestants and Catholics in their mutual desire for moral integrity in the public
arena. To proceed in this fashion necessitates a reflection on the Petrine ministry,
which presently features as the greatest ecumenical problem in Protestant-Catholic
relations. Yet, with recent decades reflecting a growing tendency for Protestants to
view the Petrine ministry as an authentic and potentially propitious structure of the
churches, this former stumbling block may very well become a new stepping stone in
Protestant-Catholic efforts at public morality in the South African context. This
article will attempt to build a case for Protestants to accept the Petrine office as a
Petrine service of moral leadership that may potentially benefit all churches, albeit
not in its present form.


Generating responses that are consistent with the dialogue context is one of the central challenges in building engaging conversational agents. We demonstrate that neural conversation models can be geared towards generating consistent responses by maintaining certain features related to topics and personas throughout the conversation. Past work has required external supervision that exploits features such as user identities that are often unavailable. In our approach, topic and persona feature extractors are trained using a self-supervised discriminative training scheme that utilizes the natural structure of dialogue data. We further adopt a feature disentangling loss which, paired with controllable response generation techniques, allows us to promote or demote certain learned topics and persona features. Evaluation results demonstrate the model's ability to capture meaningful topics and persona features. The incorporation of the learned features brings significant improvement in terms of the quality of generated responses on two datasets.


The adaptation characteristics of the White Sea blue mussels Mytilus edulis L. were investigated under the effect of oil products. The physiological condition was estimated by the heart activity, and the biochemical status by the lipid composition. The heart rate was registered by a non-invasive technique. An increase in HR was observed at oil concentrations of 8.0 and 38.0 mg/l. In treatments with low concentrations (0.4 & 1.9 mg/l) a reliable decrease in the mussel HR occurred on the 4 th day of the experiment. Strong fluctuations of the cardiac activity were noted under all concentrations. After 6 days of oil treatment, organs of the mussels (distal and saggital parts of the mantle, foot) were sampled to determine total lipid composition. Low concentrations of oil products caused no significant changes in the lipid composition. Under high concentrations the content of cholesterol and arachidonic acid decreased. This was apparently a specific compensatory response of blue mussels to heavy oil contamination.


Knowledge management systems (KMS) are an important component of implementing successful knowledge management initiatives in organizations. In order for such systems to achieve their intended benefit, it is important that the knowledge workers both contribute knowledge to the systems, and that they reuse knowledge which has been contributed by others. It has previously been shown that there is often reluctance on the part of employees to participate in both of these activities. This study explores the effect of the usefulness of a knowledge management system and incentives on intention to contribute and reuse knowledge, controlling for tolerance of ambiguity. The results of a pilot laboratory study measuring the effects of usefulness and incentives on intention to contribute and reuse knowledge are presented in this paper.


asualties have been cleared from the Capitol Hill battleC fields where the Clinton healthcare reform plan was vanquished, and 20120 hindsight allows a clear view of what went wrong (or right, depending on one's perspective). However, the barricades erected by the new Republican revolutionaries since November obscure our view of the future of health-related policy debate in Congress. Even at this midMarch writing, the Republican leadership remains long on rhetoric and generalities and short on specifics. This article will attempt to clarify where we have been and where we may be going on Capitol Hill with respect to healthcare issues.


Objective To evaluate the value of Doppler tissue imaging in detecting left ventricular diastolic function in arterial hypertension with and without myocardial hypertrophy by comparing the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.Methods Fifty hypertension patients with or without left ventricular hypertrophy,and twenty-three healthy age-and sex-matched control subjects were studied.The hypertension patients were divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of left ventricular hypertrophy.The standard 2D echocardiography,standard Doppler and Doppler tissue imaging were performed.Early diastolic velocities(Ve),late diastolic velocities(Va) were measured by Doppler tissue imaging.Transmitral diastolic early-to-late filling velocities(E and A) were also assessed by conventional Doppler.Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was measured invasively with fluid-filled catheter.Results As compared to control group,there was a significant decrease in Ve/Va ratio in hypertension patients.A further decrease in the ratio of Ve/Va was seen in left ventricular hypertrophy as compared with non-left ventricular hypertrophy(P0.05).There was a close correlation between interventricular septum diameter and Ve/Va or E/A(P0.05,r=-0.77 and-0.70,respectively).The relation of Ve/Va and interventricular septum diameter was more close than that of E/A and interventricnlar septum diameter(P0.05).Conclusion Doppler tissue imaging could provide reliable parameters to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function.


We have studied magnetic ordering of frustrated classical Ising spins with S =1/2 on the antiferromagnetic triangular lattice taking into account of the 2nd and the 3rd neighbor interactions by means of Monte Carlo simulations and the mean field approximation. The antiferromagnetic second and third neighbor interactions give rise to the first order phase transitions from the ground state to partially disorder states characterized by quasi-long range order with Kosterlitz-Thouless character due to the spin frustration. These partially disordered phases with 5- and 9-sublattices have commensurate sinusoidal spin density waves and related to 10- and 18-clock XY spin models, respectively.


Nowadays, the competition between enterprises has gradually transformed into the competition among supply chains, and the cost of inventory occupies a large proportion in the whole supply chain management. The traditional inventory control method is that enterprises should act as their own means and use their own strategies to manage the inventory and have a single inventory management method. This results in problems such as high overall inventory level of the supply chain.


Treatment of a complex, wide neck aneurysm sometimes cannot be achieved in a single endovascular session. This case illustrates a planned stage endovascular treatment of a complex aneurysm with remodeling technique aiming to eliminate risk of rebleeding during acute phase in the first stage of treatment, and complete occlusion in the second stage of treatment. After first stage, separation between coil mass and neck remnant was clearly shown indicating presence of neointimal layer. Multiple sessions also provide proper planning and more controlled treatment of difficult aneurysms.


The use of the Teamwork computer-aided software engineering (CASE) environment in a hardware application is examined. Teamwork is used to capture and maintain the specifications of a real-time image processing system under development at Duke University. It is demonstrated that when coupled with appropriate methodology, Teamwork can be used in hardware projects. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach are identified. The requirements for similar environments to overcome some of the problems encountered are outlined.<<ETX>>


Introduction: We tested the hypothesis that a bifid median nerve predisposes to development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and investigated differences in electrophysiological findings and outcome. Methods: A total of 259 consecutive patients with clinically defined CTS were included and investigated clinically, electrophysiologically, and ultrasonographically. Fifty‐four healthy asymptomatic volunteers were investigated ultrasonographically. Results: The prevalence of bifid median nerves is equal in patients with CTS and controls. Electrophysiological and ultrasonographic abnormalities are more pronounced in patients with non‐bifid median nerves. Some outcome data are better in patients with non‐bifid median nerves, but others do not show significant differences. Conclusions: A bifid median nerve is not an independent risk factor for development of CTS. Some of our data suggest outcome after surgical decompression to be different, but others do not. The surgical technique in these patients may therefore have to be reevaluated. Muscle Nerve 50: 835–843, 2014


This article is an attempt to structure the discourse on poverty and inequality, as it appears in the works of renowned philosophers, economists and sociologists. Globally, the problem of poverty and inequality remains unsolved and is aggravated by global crises and, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic, posing a threat to social stability. The authors point out that, in the short and middle term, solution to this problem under the current paradigm of development seems highly unlikely. The sustainable development paradigm, which has been globally recognized, has numerous strong points; however, it also has a number of internal contradictions, especially regarding the social aspects of development. Therefore, a more socially oriented model of development could help overcome these drawbacks. With this goal in mind, the authors introduce the concept of responsible development, and dwell on the history of thought on the problem of poverty and inequality. This review could serve as a basis for further research of social policy, as well as for development of analytical and policy tools that pay more attention to the moral and ethical dimension of social issues.


Taking Action Opportunities (TAO) is a curriculum that combines guided reflection, a focus on the local environment, and innovative use of wildlife technology to empower student action toward improving the environment. TAO is experientially based and uses remote cameras as a tool for schoolyard exploration. Through TAO, students engage in research design, implementation, and analysis, and increase participation in environmentally responsible behavior. TAO was tested with fifth-grade students (age 10-11 years) through a pre- and posttest design. Treatment groups (n = 93; 4 classes, 2 years) were compared with control (n = 89; 4 classes, 2 years) and baseline data (n = 458) to measure knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Students in the treatment groups demonstrated significant (p < .01) gain in all categories. These students left fifth grade with experience, skill, and confidence in improving their environment.


Objective:873140 is a spirodiketopiperazine CCR5 antagonist with prolonged receptor binding and potent antiviral activity in vitro. This study evaluated plasma HIV RNA, safety, and pharmacokinetics following short-term monotherapy in HIV-infected adults. Design:Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multi-center trial. Methods:Treatment-naive or experienced HIV-infected subjects with R5-tropic virus, CD4 cell count nadir > 200 × 106 cells/l, viral load > 5000 copies/ml and not receiving antiretroviral therapy for the preceding 12 weeks were enrolled. Forty subjects were randomized to one of four cohorts (200 mg QD, 200 mg BID, 400 mg QD, 600 mg BID) with 10 subjects (eight active, two placebo) in each cohort, and received treatment for 10 days. Serial HIV RNA, pharmacokinetics, and safety evaluations were performed through day 24. Results:Of the 40 subjects, 21 were treatment-experienced; 35 were male, 20 were non-white, and eight were coinfected with hepatitis C virus. Median baseline HIV RNA ranged from 4.26log10 to 4.46 log10. 873140 was generally well tolerated with no drug-related discontinuations. The most common adverse events were grade 1 gastrointestinal complaints that generally resolved within 1–3 days on therapy. No clinically significant abnormalities were observed on electrocardiogram or in laboratory parameters. Mean log changes in HIV RNA at nadir, and the percentage of subjects with > 1 log10 decrease were −0.12 (0%) for placebo, −0.46 (17%) for 200 mg once daily, −1.23 (75%) for 200 mg twice daily, −1.03 (63%) for 400 mg once daily, and −1.66 (100%) for 600 mg twice daily. An Emax relationship was observed between the area under the 873140 plasma concentration–time curve and change in HIV RNA. Conclusions:873140 demonstrated potent antiretroviral activity and was well tolerated. These results support further evaluation in Phase 2b/3 studies.


The volume studies "premodern" European marriage documents, analyzing the function of these documents and what they reveal about marriage. The collection of essays is marked by its breadth. Liturgical material, "marriage contracts," and church court records are discussed. It takes the reader from the later Roman Empire to John Calvin's Geneva, and from Iceland to North Africa. Scholars from a wide range of disciplines contribute, and they often interact with each other's material. Most chapters end with translated documentary appendices that allow the reader to look at much of the material on which the individual studies are based. This will be particularly helpful to students wanting to understand the primary material.


Nowadays, aerial robots or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have many applications in civilian and military fields. For example, of these applications is aerial monitoring, picking loads and moving them by different grippers. In this research, a quadrotor with a cable-suspended load with eight degrees of freedom is considered. The purpose is to control the position and attitude of the quadrotor on a desired trajectory in order to move the considered load with constant length of cable. So, the purpose of this research is proposing and designing an antiswing control algorithm for the suspended load. To this end, control and stabilization of the quadrotor are necessary for designing the antiswing controller. Furthermore, this paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, dynamics model is developed using Newton-Euler formulation, and obtained equations are verified in comparison with Lagrange approach. Consequently, a nonlinear control strategy based on dynamic model is used in order to control the position and attitude of the quadrotor. The performance of this proposed controller is evaluated by nonlinear simulations and, finally, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy for the quadrotor with suspended load in various maneuvers.


Certec has been working on touch interfaces – haptic interfaces – since 1995, exploring the possibilities they can offer people with different kinds of disabilities. With a haptic computer interface a blind person can learn mathematics by tracing touchable mathematical curves, playing haptic computer games, and gaining better access to graphical user interfaces like Windows. This paper presents two pilot studies considering haptic Windows access: • FEELit Desktop from Immersion combined with synthetic speech and Braille for general Windows access • A set of virtual haptic tools to be used as aids in searching for scattered virtual objects such as icons on the desktop. A prototype of the FEELit Mouse was used to implement test programs and to carry out a case study with two blind users. The concepts were considered to be "useworthy" [1] in the future, but the systems could not be used as tested without


In the socialist modernization drive, the higher institutions of the ideological and political education has a very important strategic position, plays an irreplaceable role. Economic globalization and social development of institutions of higher ideological and political education of a new and asked for time to the institutions of higher ideological and political education should be changed according to changes in the environment and the object of ideological and political education to update the concept, content and Methods to achieve ideological and political education and the environment of dynamic balance, harmony and unity.


ABSTRACT An examination of a basic question: "How might growing up GLBT, or realizing that one is GLBT at some point in life, lead to living one's life queerly, to thinking queerly, to being queerly?"


This study explores how readers' interest, gender, and test types (multiple-choice questions, Yes/No questions, and short-answer formats) affect second language reading comprehension in three different levels and five different categories of topics. A questionnaire was administered to 168 Turkish EFL students to find out the gender-oriented topic interests, and five different topics were identified. For each of the three levels (A2.1, A2.2, and B1 in the CEFR), five passages with the determined topics were selected. Comprehension was evaluated by three different assessment types. The findings of this study present the impact gender-oriented topic interest and assessment types have on reading comprehension.


Rapid progress in recent years in the neurobiology of rare genetic conditions affecting the brain, and in translational work with preclinical treatment models, has led to a critical need for translation of disease-directed treatments to humans with these diseases. While placebo-controlled, short-term clinical trial designs for rare disease are needed for regulatory approvals, these trials will not last long enough to measure long-term treatment effects. For this purpose one must demonstrate how the natural history of the disease has been changed post-regulatory approval, necessitating detailed studies of the natural history of the disorder. This must take place in a setting of standard of care management prior to the new intervention, with development of tools with which to perform such studies. Such tools have been created for a number of diseases with disease-specific rating scales, but the rating scales are often heavily focused on motor function and other physical, medical, and behavioral symptoms. They do not include detailed assessment of cognition or developmental function, obviously a key symptom domain in which to demonstrate long-term neurological disease stabilization or reversal. Few natural history studies mapping cognitive function over years in rare disease exist, largely because of the difficulty in funding and carrying out such studies. Thurm et al. studied cognitive and adaptive trajectory in an ultrarare disease, Niemann–Pick type C (NP-C), to define natural history and relate decline trajectories on cognitive measures to those on the disease-specific NP-C Clinical Severity Scale. This kind of data is badly needed to assess long-term treatment impact, particularly given several disease-targeted agents are entering clinical trials for NP-C. The paper represents an important first attempt to collect longitudinal cognitive data in NP-C, presents a relatively large cohort given the rarity of the condition, and provides new valuable pilot data and methodology that can be used for design of future ongoing longitudinal studies. However, as the authors are careful to point out, the study is fraught with many problems and limitations, including: (1) difficulty with sample size and missing data points because of difficulty recruiting and retaining a large longitudinal cohort due to disease rarity, travel to a single site, and discontinuous funding; (2) broad age and cognitive ranges over which testing had to be performed, requiring use of multiple different cognitive tests or versions, both cross-sectionally within the cohort and longitudinally for individual patients as they became older and gained cognitive skills or regressed, resulting in discontinuity in data interpretation due to lack of studies mapping performance on measures for a given level to that on measures for adjacent levels; (3) substantial floor effects that limit interpretation or derivation of a true trajectory of change due to lack of adequate validation or normalization of cognitive tests for individuals with significant intellectual impairment; and (4) lack of existence of tests designed to be done by individuals with moderate to severe intellectual impairment. Recognition of these gaps in the field is important for further research designed to overcome current hurdles and support the needed longitudinal studies in rare diseases. Research needed includes: (1) formation of consortia with centers at multiple locations to minimize travel burden for patients thus allowing for less missing visits and more complete data sets and, for data reported by patients or families (e.g. completion of standardized forms or scales), use of systems for electronic data entry from home to minimize burden and increase data completeness; (2) systematic evaluation of overlap between tests when patients with intellectual disability go from one testing level or version to the next (e.g. Mullen or Bayley to WISC or Stanford– Binet); (3) studies normalizing cognitive tests for individuals with ID so they can be scored meaningfully without dramatic floor effects and thus allow actual levels of function to be tracked without dilution of assessment of relative performance over time by floor effects; and (4) efforts to develop tests that can be done meaningfully by individuals with significant intellectual disability. Some efforts in these areas are underway. A number of disease consortia have been developed through special federally funded programs in the USA (examples include Rett syndrome, fragile X syndrome [FXS], tuberous sclerosis complex, and Phelan–McDermid syndrome). Online data entry is beginning to be used for families to reduce missing data, and the WISC and Stanford–Binet have undergone normalization using z-deviation scores for ID populations with FXS and autism spectrum disorder. Studies and development efforts have been initiated to address the other issues described above, but there is a paucity of published data (mostly on very small cohorts) and much more work is needed to fill holes in the path to optimal natural history studies for rare disorders affecting cognitive function.


The wild fruit resources of east slope of Sejila mountain in Tibet were investigated.The characters of the wild fruit resources in this area were species abundance,distinct variation among species and long period of fruit collection.These fruit resources have not been exploited due to the poor economy and incommodity transportation.This investigation might be a technical base for exploiting these resources.


With the ever increasing demand for wireless applications, current wireless systems are challenged to meet the higher data rate and higher reliability requirements. Although the current and future technological developments allow making these requirements reachable, some other resources remain limited. The radio spectrum is one such natural resource. Previous studies have shown that the radio spectrum is not efficiently utilized. Therefore, recent studies are focused on fully utilizing this unexpandable radio spectrum. Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as a possible solution to improve the spectrum utilization by opportunistically exploiting the licenced users transmit spectrum in dynamically changing environments. On the other hand, the development of CR technology raises new challenges of proper design of transmission and receive schemes for CR to facilitate high data rate access and better performance along with high spectral efficiency. To achieve these objectives, in this thesis, advanced transceiver algorithms for CR physical layer are designed to improve the throughput and the error rate performance in hostile wireless channels. We first designed a linear precoder for orthogonal space-time block coded, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based multiple-input multiple-output antenna CR when operating in correlated Rayleigh fading channels. The linear precoder is designed by minimizing an upper bound on the average pairwise error probability, constrained to a set of per subcarrier power constraints at CR transmitter and a set of primary users interference power thresholds. An efficient algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal precoder ii


In the bilateral power market with an open transmission grid, how to allocate the transmission loss reasonably and fairly is an important problem faced by the power market. Based on the original method, this paper applies this method to the loss allocation of bilateral transactions. The method proposed in this paper is as follows: Based on the complex power flow tracing method which is based on circuit theory, the transmission loss is allocated on the load side and the source side respectively, and then the responsibility transmission loss is obtained by averaging the responsibility of both the source side and the load side. The IEEE-5 bus system is analyzed and calculated, and the method is compared with the transaction incremental allocation method and the traditional power flow tracing to verify the rationality of the method.


The purpose of a quality control program is to monitor analytical systems, detecting errors when they become significant. Quality control rules and procedures can be characterized by their performance characteristics. These characteristics quantitate thepowerofa particular procedure in terms of its probability of error detection (Ped) and probability of false rejection (Pfr. Quality control systems should be designed so as to maximize Pfr and minimize Ped The performance characteristics of many of the more common quality control rules have been determined and are available in the literature. Computer simulation experiments are valuable tools for delineating the characteristics of different quality control rules and procedures, and provide a basis for predicting how effective a given system will be in detecting error.


Although some critics do not even accept that Love Medicine is a novel at all, but a collection of short stories with the same characters telling the stories of their lives, it is clearly an identity narrative. This paper will focus on spaces of identity (re)construction in Love Medicine that reflect the tension between the mainstream white American culture and the Native American traditional one. The church, the pub, the car, the road, the bridge, or the reservation itself thus function as heterotopias, while the space of the autobiographical story functions as a utopia. The paper will discuss these spaces and their roles in the characters' quest for identity.


This article examines a number of critical questions regarding the use of electronic monitoring of juveniles in their communities. Drawing upon a follow-up study of a pilot electronic monitoring program in a large, private agency providing services to youth, as well as published evaluation studies, the author concludes the following: (a) Electronic monitoring of juveniles in their homes is positively regarded by youth and family members and does not constitute intrusion into their privacy; (b) Electronic monitoring is less costly than institutionalization of juvenile offenders; (c) Augmenting residential treatment with a treatment focused in-home electronic monitoring program offers an effective alternative to residential treatment.


The potential of processing and product innovations to alleviate the problem of declining quality of logs facing the Canadian softwood industry is examined. Comparative forecasts were made of the consequences of three technological investment strategies: continuation of present levels, increased investment in processing R&D, and increased investment in product R&D. The study identified a mixed strategy of investment in both processing and product technologies as the best approach for the Canadian softwood lumber industry to maintain profitability and market share in the markets in which it competes with US producers. >


In this little book Wayne Oates speaks with authority in pointing to new dimensions in pastoral care. He has traveled the path of this field from its pioneering beginnings. He points to some areas he would like to see explored. These include careful records of men in the parish ministry about what is happening around them and in them ; he points up the barrenness of records of home visitation by pastors. We have little valid case material to study at this juncture. He goes on to suggest also that "the campus is a relatively unexplored territory for pastoral care in our time." Furthermore, he adds the need to study the feelings of persons as we seek to understand their theology. This knowledge should preceed any teaching of the subject, and should become a learning experience for any man with pastoral concerns.


The primary objective of this study was to identify the mechanisms for the development and propagation of longitudinal cracks that initiate at the surface of composite pavement. In this study the finite element program ANSYS version (5.4) was used and the model worked out using this program has the ability to analyze a composite pavement structure of different layer properties. Also, the aim of this study was modeling and analyzing of the composite pavement structure with the physical presence of crack induced in concrete underlying layer. The results obtained indicates that increasing the thickness of the asphalt layer tends to decrease the stress intensity factor, which may be attributed to the rapidly decrease of horizontal tensile stress in the asphalt layer. The cracks initiate at the surface due to high vertical stress and shear stress from wheel loads tends to propagate downward due tensile stress generated at the bottom of the asphalt layer or near crack tip, and the whole process occur at the same location of the existing cracks in underlying concrete layer rather than travel up from existing crack. As the load position varies from the crack zone, this result in tensile stresses or tension at the crack tip, leading to increase the stress intensity factor and intern result in crack propagation further into the depth of the pavement.


The demand for constant system speed is a current problem of power-generating systems. Electrical stability, governor, governing-valve characteristics, and other factors play their part in the problem. In this paper only the effect the governors and governing valves have in maintaining or disturbing the system speed is discussed. New governing systems are described to show the extent to which the turbine manufacturers go in trying to meet the demand for better system speed. The author points out that, when the governor characteristics of all units in a power-generating system are known, the combination of units used for certain load blocks can be determined not only for the best generating economy but also for better system speed. This information can be used to specify required governor characteristics for new units to further improve the system speed. Attention is called to the need for uniform governor performance and testing specifications.


The article analyzes the different methods of vocal skill, reveals the merrits of the London School of vocals. The author proves the relevance of the application of this method within the further education of children.


Because of the deterioration of ecological environment, government and citizen should take action to respond to the seriously survival crisis. In the process of reflecting industrial civilization, with the factor of post-modern situation, ecologism provides the basis of practical reason to the theory of ecological administration. The core values and real trend of ecological politics, and the history of ecology of public administration, promote the sprout of ecological administration theory. As the differences of the concept definition and value trend, the change of paradigm and the paradox of governance, the researches of ecological administration have presented differentiation, diversification and the developmental perplexity. In the principle of integrity and symbiosis, ecological administration theory should strive to improve the diversity and openness of governance systems in order to respond the complexity and uncertainty of the environmental field.


Several different "phylogenetic" species concepts have been proposed, and we con- sider how to choose among them. There appear to be two main approaches. "Character-based" concepts define species on the possession of characters, whereas "history-based" concepts are based on historical relatedness. Under the latter view, characters may be used to discover species in practice but they are not viewed as defining attributes of species. To illustrate the distinction we discuss a character-based approach utilizing "diagnostic" characters and a history-based approach using genetic coalescence. We argue that the choice between character- and history-based concepts is primarily determined by one's understanding of systematics. If the goal of systematics is simply to describe the hierarchical distribution of characters ("pattern cladistics"), a character-based defi- nition of species is required. In contrast, if systematics is concerned with inferring the evolutionary relationships of organisms ("evolutionary phylogenetics"), a history-based definition of species is needed. We hold the view that phylogenetic systematics is concerned with evolutionary history and therefore we maintain that a phylogenetic species concept should be history-based.


In the age of internet and information, various electronics came into our life, they became more and more smart and subminiature with the continuous development of scientific technology.Thus, the electronics should be not only multi-purpose but also portable. UV-lithography and nano-imprint lithography as two main ways to produce micro-circuits had gotten great attention of the public, which had many benefits such as high resolution, low cost and high efficiency, etc. One of the key parts in these two techniques was the photoresist technology. Therefore, the photo resist'performance index, the latest applications and the problems with solutions would be introduced.


Power dynamics have been described as being constitutive of romantic relationships and can impact outcomes such as relationship quality. Yet, in relationships nowadays, power may be less important than in the past due to changes in gender roles and society's expectations. We analyzed four power characteristics and their effects on a multidimensional measure of relationship quality using an actor-partner interdependence model framework with 181 heterosexual couples. There was usually a balance of power in the couples with respect to a personal sense of power but an imbalance in positional power. We found actor and partner effects: Personal sense of power and satisfaction with power predicted actors' and partners' relationship quality. By contrast, positional power, the general power motive, and the balance of power were not associated with relationship quality. There were hardly any differences in actor or partner effects between men and women. Apparently, it is not objective, positional power but subjective, experienced power that is relevant to overall relationship quality. Furthermore, what matters most for satisfaction with the relationship is not the balance of power but rather the perceived personal level of power. Future research may extend these findings by using domain-specific power measures and behavioral power indicators.


ishly, but developed his own distinctive vision of Plato's writings, a vision much more attentive to the Athenian philosopher's literary integument and his playfully serious tone than that of any ancient exegete. Allen also emphasizes Ficino's genuine concern with Christian orthodoxy. Against Edgar Wind, the early Garin, and an older tradition within Italian historiography that had seen Ficino in a somewhat conspiratorial light, as a kind of protoEnlightenment figure pushing the envelope of orthodoxy or even as a crypto-pagan, Allen (in this respect a faithful disciple of Kristeller) takes Ficino au pied de la lettre, seeing him as a theological reformer, someone above all interested in saving Christian theology from what Allen labels the "integral Aristotelians." Ficino wanted to renew Christianity's corrupted theological traditions by abandoning the failed medieval synthesis with Aristotelianism and returning Christian theology to its ancient Platonic roots. Yet Ficino never tried to pretend that Plato's divinity was perfectly compatible with Christian doctrine. His position, brilliantly analyzed by Allen in essays 9 and 11, was a subtle one. Plato himself had been inspired with certain adumbrations of Christian mysteries such as creation ex nihilo and the Trinity, but his pagan Neoplatonic interpreters had hardened Plato's original insights into doctrines that had ultimately proved incompatible with an evolving Christian orthodoxy. Plato had not quite gotten it right, and his pagan interpreters were not quite wrong to read him as they did, but the great truth, from Ficino's point of view, was that Plato, the "Attic Moses," had come so close to the sublime mysteries of Christianity. Allen's analysis of all this obliges him to go deep into the Florentine's reading of the history of religion and revelation, disclosing to view a Ficino with a remarkably sophisticated sense of history and the evolution of thought.


/e promising potential of distributed and interconnected lightweight devices that can jointly generate superior informationcollecting and problem-solving abilities has long fostered various significant and ubiquitous techniques, from wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to Internet of /ings (IoT). Although related applications have been widely used in different domains in attempting to collect and harness the ever-growing information flows, one major issue that impedes the further advancement of WSNs or IoT-based applications is the restricted battery power. Previous research mainly focuses on investigating novel protocols to save energy by reducing data traffic with the aid of optimal or heuristic algorithms. However, data packet behaviours and significant parameters involved are mostly preconfigured in a supervised-learning fashion rather than using an unsupervised learning paradigm and therefore may not adapt to uncertain or fast-changing environments. Hence, this paper concentrates on optimising the behaviours of data packets and significant parameters in a widely tested routing protocol, namely, Cognitive Packet Network (CPN), with the aid of several bio-inspired algorithms to increase the efficiency of energy usage and information acquisition. Two novel packet behaviours are introduced, and an on-line parameter calibration scheme is proposed to realise packet time-to-live (TTL) adjustment and rate adaptation. /e simulation results show that the introduction of the bioinspired algorithms can improve the efficiency of information sharing and reduce the energy consumption.


Within the effective mass approximation,a variational approach is used to study the ground state binding energy of a donor hydrogenic impurity in a spherical quantum dot under an external magnetic field.The binding energies of the hydrogenic impurity states are calculated as functions of the quantum dot size and the impurity position including the effects of the interaction of an electron with both the confined longitudinal optical phonons and the surface optical phonons.Numerical results showed that the binding energy increases monotonously with the decrease of the quantum dot size as well as the increase of applied magnetic field.Furthermore,it is also found that the influences of the impurity position and electron-phonon interaction on the binding energies of ground states are obvious.


The Verjon natural park is an ecosystem that is located few kilometers away from the city of Bogota. This place has been recognized for its important ecological functions and for the environmental services it provides. In spite of the strategies put forward by different governmental and local entities, the Verjon counts on several problems in the management of the place that include the lack of promotion and previous communication of the place and the accompaniment of the tourist during its visit which end in the waste of the resources it provides. In this project, we seek from the industrial design a solution to this problem, developing a system of promotion, information and signage in order to motivate ecological tourism in the place, fulfilling the aspects of usability (efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction) From a systemic design where the user finds the tranquility and accompaniment along the before , during and after his visit. Encouraging eco-tourist visits to this great natural resource, promoting and teaching the care and importance of this for our present and future.


ABSTRACT Insights revealed about strengths in navigational strategies yielded from a larger study on refugee-background college students prompted an examination of the same phenomena from the perspective of a high school refugee on her path to college. Htun, a high school senior and Karen refugee, faced repeated exclusion, resulting in her feeling silenced and/or silencing herself, which in turn excluded her from interactions related to school and school culture and thus valuable resources necessary for academic success. Htun's stories remind us that college readiness is not merely a collection of skills that can be measured; it is a social and cultural process, both of which stem from access to language and literacy processes.


A facile preparation of DDS was reported.p-Nitrochlorobenzenewas treated with sodium sulfide to give 4-amino-4'-nitrodiphenylsulfide(1),which was then oxidized to 4,4'-dinitrodiphenylsulfone(2)in 81% yield,usingsodium perborate as oxidant,which has not yet been reported in the literature.2 was converted to the title compound by Fe-HCl reduction.


Context-aware computing covers research on computational systems which adapt their behaviour so as to provide services or information to users according to their context of interaction. The literature has reported the complexity of development of such systems in the light of their features such as adaptation and heterogeneity of devices and information. This paper describes the execution of a systematic mapping on the requirements specification activity of contextaware systems, which is one of the early stages of software development. The main result includes the identification of gaps and/or research trends on requirements specification of context-aware systems.


With the development of city,a new problem which arose is the influence of foundation excavation on existing tunnel. Consequently,how to predict and control the displacement of the existing tunnels becomes crucial. In this context,starting with the various influential factors of existing tunnel deformation,this paper analyzes the deformation influence of construction of adjacent foundation by setting up a numerical calculation model. Through the research of ANSYS simulation,we achieve the change curve of the displacements of horizontal and vertical along the longitudinal axis of tunnel,the displacement impact on existing tunnel are analyzed. Based on the conclusion,it proposes some measures to minimize the tunnel's deformation.


During in-vitro and in-vivo rearings of the chicken body louse, Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch), the incubation period of the eggs was 4–5 days and each of the 3 nymphal stages required 3 days. Rearings in vitro were most successful at 35°C and 95% RH. Mated females produced 0–4 eggs per day, and averaged 1.6 eggs a day during a 12.4 day adult life. Peak oviposition occurred when females were 5–6 days old.


The present contribution provides a broad overview on the latest significant developments on metal phenolate complexes for use in polymerization catalysis of olefins, cyclic esters, and cyclic carbonates. Systems mediating the CO2/epoxide polymerization are also especially emphasized.

Keywords:

catalysis;
carbon dioxide;
diene;
epoxide;
lactide;
metal;
olefin;
phenolate;
polymerization


The increase in peer violence and juvenile delinquency from year to year has kept the question of minimum age of criminal responsibility open around the world. States, not only in different parts of the world, but also within smaller regions territorially connecting them, have been developing various criminal legal responses to this question. Reasons behind such a variety lie in circumstances of economic, social, cultural, religious, political, and even political nature. In theory and practice, two opposing concepts can be distinguished – the so-called repressive and holistic concepts. Advocates of the first concept believe that a strict criminal policy is the safest way toward decreasing criminality among children and minors. On the other side, supporters of the holistic approach believe children in early age cannot understand the meaning of their actions, that is why lowering the age of criminal responsibility would introduce children to the criminal legal system too early when society could take timely measures that would prevent children from adopting a criminal pattern of behaviour. Using the comparative law method, as well as other qualitative and quantitative methods necessary for a productive analysis and deduction of valid conclusions, in this paper we aim to point up key aspects of the differences between the repressive and holistic approach to determining the minimum age of criminal responsibility. The final result is a firmly established belief that it is necessary to give advantage to the approach that does not see the children and minors drawn into the criminal milieu as part of the problem but as part of the solution.


In the context of object recognition from point cloud data, we present a thermodynamically-inspired graph theoretic algorithm to address the problem of matching the scene and the model point clouds, when the cardinalities of the two sets are orders of magnitude different. Such an approach determines a subset of points from the model that is structurally and spatially as similar as possible to the set of points in the scene. A new formulation for graph enthalpy characterizes the structural differences between point sets, which together with the existing notions of graph entropy quantifies the Gibbs' free energy. A two-scale approach is proposed, wherein, at the coarse scale, a set of points that comprise the model neighborhood around the scene is identified by minimization of entropy. At the fine scale, the desired correspondence is achieved by a refinement process, aimed at maximizing the Gibbs' free energy. The results demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the approach.


Introduction: Insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs-1) is an important component of the insulin signal transduction cascade and could be related with metabolic ...


Heterogeneous catalysis is an important branch in catalysis, in which the catalyst and reactants are in different physical phases. In this thesis, we have carried out extensive first-principles cal ...


Agness Underwood (1902-1984) made history in 1947 when she was promoted from reporter to city editor, making her the first woman to oversee a major metropolitan U.S. newsroom. Employing a biographical research method, narrative analysis was used to examine Underwood's professional and personal life through her journalism work, articles written about her, personal artifacts, and author interviews of people who knew her. The data were then analyzed in terms of sex roles, personality traits, and leadership styles to construct a deeper understanding of this maverick journalist's accomplishments. The findings indicate the traditional masculine qualities she possessed, in combination with her personality traits and transformational leadership style, greatly contributed to her success.


Reed and others have argued for the continuing existence of a peasantry in nineteenth‐century England. The present article uses the instance of an upland Yorkshire area to suggest that a 'peasantry' continued there until the mid‐twentieth century sustained and to some extent re‐shaped by trends in the national agricultural economy. Family‐centred farming on small acreages, low rents and capital inputs, flexible attitudes to work and the dual economy proved efficient mechanisms for surmounting economic conditions which were often disadvantagous to larger farmers. Investigation of other areas of England for similar phenomena is invited.


1. layering material (1, 101) of a skin patch comprising a material (20, 120) of a skin patch having a base layer (21, 121) and the first adhesive layer (23, 123) arranged on one side of the base layer (21, 121 ) for adhering directly to skin, and the material (10, 110) for warming up the body having a layer (12, 112, 212) for placing the exothermic agent and a second adhesive layer (14, 114, 214) arranged on one side of the layer (12 , 112, 212) for placing the exothermic agent for adhering the second adhesive layer (14, 114, 214) to the other side of the base layer (21, 121) with e that the adhesive strength between the second adhesive layer (14, 114, 214) and the core layer (21, 121) is smaller than the adhesive strength between the first adhesive layer (23, 123) and the skin. ! 2. fiberising material (1, 101) of a skin patch according to claim 1, wherein the material (20, 120) comprises a skin patch functional layer (22, 122) of a skin patch, which operates when attached to the skin. ! 3. fiberising material (1, 101) of a skin patch according to claim 2, wherein the functional layer (22) is a skin patch curative adhesive layer (122). ! 4. fiberising material (1, 101) of a skin patch according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the adhesive strength of the second adhesive layer (14, 114, 214) is 0.2 N / 25 mm or more and the adhesion strength between the first an adhesive layer (23, 123) and the skin is on, at least 0.8 N / 25 mm greater than the adhesive strength between the second adhesive layer (14, 114, 214) and the core layer (21, 121), wherein the adhesive strength is measured in accordance with JIS Z0237 (2000) (test method for adhesive tape / adhesive sheet). ! 5. A material (10, 110, 210) for the heating body used in stratified material


: The Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in Afghanistan is low and mainly associated with Injecting Drug Use (IDU). Objective: This study aims to explore the HIV risk and vulnerability factors among Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) in Afghanistan in order to add to the existing knowledge and research and also to provide recommendations for improvement of the response and making contribution to halting the HIV epidemic among IDUs. Method: This is a descriptive study based on literature review. The Modified Social Ecological Model (MSEM) developed by Baral et al.2013 used as conceptual framework for analyzing the HIV risk and vulnerability factors at five layers. Findings: At the 'individual layer', the injecting risk behaviors of IDUs like sharing the injecting equipment, and their sexual risk behaviors like unprotected sexual contact with multiple partners identified as the HIV risk factors among them. At the 'network layer', lack of HIV knowledge, peer pressure and risky norms in the networks of IDUs, the presence of other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), spending time in prison by IDUs, and low uptake of the harm reduction services are the factors that make the IDUs vulnerable to HIV. At the 'community layer', massive drug production and easy access to drug, armed conflict, massive internal and external migration, unemployment and poverty, the male gender of the majority of IDUs, high stigma and discrimination against IDUs, unsafe injecting locations such as under the bridges, and low coverage of harm reduction and drug demand reduction services are the factors that make the IDUs vulnerable to HIV. At the 'public policy layer', punitive drug use law, lack of protection for the human rights of IDUs, and weak national political response to HIV and IDU identified responsible factors that make the IDUs vulnerable to HIV. Ultimately, at the layer of 'HIV epidemic stage', the highest HIV prevalence in the country reported among IDUs that poses a potential risk to uninfected IDUs. Conclusion: The IDUs in Afghanistan are highly at risk and vulnerable to HIV. An informed and multi-sectoral response is required to halt the epidemic among this group. A rapid expansion of the harm reduction services is needed. reduction network were also browsed. The online library of the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT)/ Vrije Universiteit (VU) was also looked. Only the literatures written in English language with no limit on the year of the publications were reviewed. Personal communication was also made with NACP department of the MoPH for accessing the publications that were not available in the internet.


A recent goal in the development of analytical techniques has focused on the integration of sample collection, sample preparation, and analysis steps on a single integrated platform referred to as either Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) or miniaturized total analysis systems (mTAS). Sample preparation steps can include filtration, derivatization, and extraction among others. Analysis methods include separations by chromatography or electrophoresis, and direct or indirect detection using spectroscopy or electrochemistry. The well-developed photolithographic patterning techniques and the planar substrates allow easy system miniaturization. Miniaturization and integration of such a system has the potential to shrink a room full of instruments into a single compact LOC device. One of the most exciting areas of application for this new technology is clinical analysis. The ability to create inexpensive point-of-care monitoring devices for complex analysis conditions has attracted much attention to this new and exciting field. The conceptual expression of LOC technology was demonstrated as early as the 1970's in the development of miniaturized gas chromatography columns which also incorporated an injector and a detector1 and developed by Manz et al. in modern form who first suggested the idea of the microfabricated analysis system.2,3 Later, Manz et al. also demonstrated microfabricated capillary electrophoresis systems.4–6 The demonstration and subsequent explosion of research in LOC devices was the result of improvements in both microfabrication techniques and separation techniques. The development of capillary electrophoresis (CE) by Jorgenson and Lukacs was one key as it provides a reliable method for chemical separation and fluidic transport that does not require external mechanical pumps.7,8 LOC technology has numerous advantages over traditional systems based on robotics and conventional analysis instrumentation. First, mature microfabrication techniques adapted from the semiconductor industry allow mass production of LOC devices reducing the cost per device and allowing massively parallel systems to be constructed easily.9 Second, the devices follow scaling rules that result in a decrease in sample and reagent consumption plus an increase in analytical performance,2 which also reduces the overall cost of the analysis as the sizes decrease. The low-scale also allows a multianalyte analysis to be performed from a finger prick of blood as opposed to the large volumes required for standard techniques.10,11 Third, the rapid prototyping techniques used to fabricate microchips allow the possibility of going from a concept to a working device in hours.12 Finally, the small size of the LOC system will ultimately lead to the development of portable analysis devices for point-of-care diagnostics and environmental monitoring.


We introduce the notion of local computation mechanism design - designing game theoretic mechanisms that run in polylogarithmic time and space. Local computation mechanisms reply to each query in polylogarithmic time and space, and the replies to different queries are consistent with the same global feasible solution. When the mechanism employs payments, the computation of the payments is also done in polylogarithmic time and space. Furthermore, the mechanism needs to maintain incentive compatibility with respect to the allocation and payments. We present local computation mechanisms for a variety of classical game-theoretical problems: (1) stable matching, (2) job scheduling, (3) combinatorial auctions for unit-demand and k-minded bidders, and (4) the housing allocation problem. For stable matching, some of our techniques may have implications to the global (non-LCA) setting. Specifically, we show that when the men's preference lists are bounded, we can achieve an arbitrarily good approximation to the stable matching within a fixed number of iterations of the Gale-Shapley algorithm.


Cardiovascular lability is common after cardiac arrest. We investigated whether altered endothelial function is present in cerebral and mesenteric arteries 2 and 4 hours after resuscitation. Male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized, intubated, ventilated and intravascularly catheterized whereupon rats were randomized into four groups. Following 7 minutes of asphyxial cardiac arrest and subsequent resuscitation, cardiac arrest and sham rats were observed for either 2 or 4 hours. Neuron-specific enolase levels were measured in blood samples. Middle cerebral artery segments and small mesenteric arteries were isolated and examined in microvascular myographs. qPCR and immunoflourescence analyzes were performed on cerebral arteries. In cerebral arteries, bradykinin-induced vasodilation was inhibited in the presence of either calcium-activated K+ channel blockers (UCL1684 and senicapoc) or the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, while the combination abolished bradykinin-induced vasodilation across groups. Neuron-specific enolase levels were significantly increased in cardiac arrest rats. Cerebral vasodilation was comparable between the 2-hour groups, but markedly enhanced in response to bradykinin, NS309 (an opener of small and intermediate calcium-activated K+ channels), and sodium nitroprusside 4 hours after cardiac arrest. Endothelial NO synthase and guanylyl cyclase subunit alpha-1 mRNA expression was unaltered after 2 hours, but significantly decreased 4 hours after resuscitation. In mesenteric arteries, the endothelium-dependent vasodilation was comparable between corresponding groups at both 2 and 4 hours. Our findings show enhanced cerebral endothelium-dependent vasodilation 4 hours after cardiac arrest mediated by potentiated endothelial-derived hyperpolarization and NO pathways. Altered cerebral endothelium-dependent vasodilation may contribute to disturbed cerebral perfusion after cardiac arrest.


Biological cells and membranes need to be properly shaped to fulfill many funda4 mental functions. This shaping is often aided by the aggregation of membrane-bound proteins that 5 both sense the membrane curvature and shape it. Therefore, these protein inclusions interact with 6 each other through the deformation of the membrane that they influence and a key question is to 7 understand the law that governs their interaction. Whereas the theoretical case of isotropic proteins 8 is well understood, an important feature of many such proteins is their anisotropic interaction with 9 the membrane. Here, we derive an interaction law for rigid circular membrane inclusions which 10 impose an anisotropic contact angle on the surrounding membrane. We include the effects of both 11 membrane bending and tension. Using asymptotic analysis, we identify two distinguished limits 12 corresponding to weak anisotropy/weak tension and strong anisotropy/strong tension respectively. 13 The resulting laws exhibit a bi-stability in the equilibrium separation of inclusions. Inclusions with 14 very weak anisotropy equilibrate with large separation, those with very strong anisotropy equilibrate 15 with small separation, while there is a range of anisotropies for which both equilibria are stable. 16 Our results provide a theoretical mechanism for the global aggregation of inclusions seen both in 17 experiments and simulations. 18


Authorizes the Commissioner of Education to make grants to State education agencies to enable them to develop and carry out program to provide, through the use of students to institutions of higher education, tutoring and instructional assistance, under the supervision of a qualified teacher, for homebound handicapped children who, though able to benefit from preschool, elementary, or secondary education, are prevented by their handicaps from attending school. Requires local educational institutions that apply for funds under this program to give special consideration to veterans qualified for vocational financial need. Requires that the compensation for participating college students shall be between the Federal minimum wage set by the Commissioner and the maximum wage set by the Commissioner. Requires that the aim of such program shall be to integrate the handicapped into society, and to avoid the development of a segregated, permanent system of educcation for the handicapped. Provides that the Commissioner shall make grants under this Act to State educational agencies on the merits of their proporsal to him which shall be submitted on such application forms and under such guidelines as he shall prescribe. Authorizes $55,000,000 for fiscal year 1974, and necessary funds for fiscal years 1975 and 1976, to carry out the purposes of this Act. Requires the Commissioner to allocate the first 25 percent of such funds to each State in proporation to the ratio that the number of children aged three to twenty-one in the State bears to the number of such children in all the States. Authorizes the Commissioner of Education to make grants to State education agencies to enable them to develop and carry out programs to provide, through the use of students in institutions of higher education, tutoring and instructional assistance, under the supervision of a qualified teacher, for homebound handicapped children who, though able to benefit from preschool, elementary, or secondary education, are prevented


Thirty-two bulges of nearby spirals have been observed, to detect misalignment between disk and bulge apparent major axes. Such misalignment is unequivocally present in the majority of observed objects. This may be due to the triaxiality of disks, bulges, or both. The probability distribution function for the axial ratios is derived under the two extreme hypotheses, i.e., that either only disks (case I) or only bulges (cases II) are triaxial : the observational data are equally well fitted by either one. Since dynamical evidence and the internal twisting of isophotes show that bulges are triaxial, it is proposed that case I is unlikely, but an intermediate case cannot be ruled out


In Hokkaido, Japan, the number of people suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is rapidly increased, and by the end of February 2020, there were already 70 confirmed cases of the disease. We investigated the safety of urgently initiated maternal telemedicine in preventing the spread of the coronavirus infection.


Consumers trust the quality of organic farming products and pay higher prices for organic food. For this reason controls are necessary to ensure that legal standards under the EC Organic Farming Regulation are being followed in production and processing of animal and crop products. Collected in this book are reference figures to be applied in controls for calculating product flow, appraising plausibility and also reliably assessing yields and wastage. Target groups are inspectors conducting on-location farm or plant inspections or those wishing to learn about new aspects within this sector. Farm managers or advisors preparing for such controls can likewise find valuable information. In addition to its role as control point reference, the book is also aimed at establishing uniformity of control methods for farm and plant inspections.


In the context of common prosperity, it is of great significance to explore the influence and mechanism of financial development on the gap of green development. This study takes 250 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019 as the research object and empirically tests the influence of financial development on the gap of green development by using the super-efficiency SBM model, the two-way fixed effect model, and the mediating effect model. It is found that local financial effect can significantly narrow the gap of green development, while financial spillover effect of the central city can widen the gap of green development. The mechanism analysis shows that enhancing the advancement of human capital helps to optimize the utilization efficiency of financial resources outside the city and thus narrows the gap of green development. Local financial effect narrows the gap by the optimization of industrial structure, the improvement technological innovation, and the decrease of resource dependence, while financial spillover effect narrows the gap only by the optimization of industrial structure. The heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that local financial effect significantly narrows the gap of green development in cities that are 100–200 KM away from the central city in the central region, while financial spillover effect significantly enlarges the gap of green development in cities that are 100–300 KM away from the central city in the western region. The research in this paper facilitates the understanding of the influence of financial development on the gap of green development and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.


Chronic levodopa treatment for Parkinson's disease often results in the development of abnormal involuntary movement, known as L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia (LIDs). Studies suggest that LIDs may be associated with aberrant corticostriatal plasticity. Using in vivo extracellular recordings from identified Type I and Type II medium spiny striatal neurons, chronic L‐dopa treatment was found to produce abnormal corticostriatal information processing. Specifically, after chronic L‐dopa treatment in dopamine‐depleted rats, there was a transition from a cortically evoked long‐term depression (LTD) to a complementary but opposing form of plasticity, long‐term potentiation, in Type II "indirect" pathway neurons. In contrast, LTD could still be induced in Type I neurons. Interestingly, the one parameter that correlated best with dyskinesias was the inability to de‐depress established LTD in Type I medium spiny striatal neurons. Taken as a whole, we propose that the induction of LIDs is due, at least in part, to an aberrant induction of plasticity within the Type II indirect pathway neurons combined with an inability to de‐depress established plastic responses in Type I neurons. Such information is critical for understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying one of the major caveats to L‐dopa therapy. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society


Schiff base synthesis of 1,3,4 oxadiazole derivatives containing Indole moiety bearing thiazolidinone ring were synthesized by the condensation of 2-(3-(4-oxo-3-(p-tolyl) 1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1Hindol-1-yl)-N-(1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2ylidene) acetohydrazide with acetic anhydride. To this reaction was subjected in schiff base reaction. It forms 2-(1-((4-acetyl-5-methyl-5-(trifluoromthyl)-4, 5dihyro-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) methyl)-1H-indol-3yl)-3-(p-tolyl) 1H-tetrazol-5-yl). The structure of these newly synthesized compounds was characterized by H NMR, CNMR, Mass, IR, and elemental analysis. © 2014 British Biomedical Bulletin. All rights reserved


In this study, the aroma-production profiles of seven different Hanseniaspora strains, namely H. guilliermondii, H. meyeri, H. nectarophila, H. occidentalis, H. opuntiae, H. osmophila and H. uvarum were determined in a simultaneous co-inoculation with the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Champagne Epernay Geisenheim (Uvaferm CEG). All co-inoculated fermentations with Hanseniaspora showed a dramatic increase in ethyl acetate levels except the two (H. occidentalis and H. osmophila) that belong to the so-called slow-evolving clade, which had no meaningful difference, compared to the S. cerevisiae control. Other striking observations were the almost complete depletion of lactic acid in mixed-culture fermentations with H. osmophila, the more than 3.7 mg/L production of isoamyl acetate with H. guilliermondii, the significantly lower levels of glycerol with H. occidentalis and the increase in certain terpenols, such as citronellol with H. opuntiae. This work allows for the direct comparison of wines made with different Hanseniapora spp. showcasing their oenological potential, including two (H. meyeri and H. nectarophila) previously unexplored in winemaking experiments.


The use of pre-emergent herbicides is important for the current agricultural production systems that present weeds resistant to herbicides. Considering the complexity of using these products, the objective of this work was to evaluate their selectivity and residual weed control in soybean crops and their effect on the weeds Amaranthus hybridus , Bidens pilosa , Digitaria insularis , Eleusine indica , and Euphorbia heterophylla . The herbicide selectivity experiments were conducted under field conditions in the 2017/18 and 2019/20 crop seasons and the herbicide efficacy experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. The herbicides s-metolachlor and flumioxazin can be applied on day of the soybean sowing without causing significant grain yield losses. Diclosulam and sulfentrazone are safe for soybean crops when applied at least 14 days before sowing. The herbicides used proved to be good options for weed management systems for soybean crops; flumioxazin and sulfentrazone were the herbicides that promoted the best control for all evaluated weed species and ensured a residual effect of at least 30 days. a weather station installed in the experimental area (São Paulo State University, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Botucatu, SP,


Purpose
This paper aims—based on past research works which have shown that transformational leadership has positive impact on knowledge sharing—to explore the impact of different leadership dimensions of transformational leadership on knowledge sharing and further to explore the mechanism through which transformational leadership affects employee knowledge sharing in China.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the transformational leadership theory and the team learning theory, it is proposed that all four dimensions of transformational leadership, including intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation and idealized influence, have unique impact on employee knowledge sharing. It is further proposed that psychology safety and team efficacy mediate these relationships. Then data were collected from over 400 employees from knowledge-based companies in China to empirically test the proposed relationships with the method of structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results show that psychological safety fully mediated the impact of intellectual stimulation on knowledge sharing, and team efficacy fully mediated the impact of inspirational motivation on knowledge sharing. Both factors also mediated the impact of individualized consideration on knowledge sharing. The results thus provide empirical support for the impact of transformational leadership on employee knowledge sharing in an international context.

Originality/value
The past years have seen increasing interest in leadership and knowledge sharing in emerging markets, yet the mechanism through which leadership affects employee knowledge sharing remains understudied. This study explores the impact of different dimensions of transformational leadership on employee knowledge sharing, and further shows that psychological safety and team efficacy mediate these relationships in a collectivistic society where knowledge sharing is consistent with cultural norms. The findings help develop more robust knowledge sharing theories in the international context and provide insightful suggestions for management practitioners in emerging markets.


A 2x2 mixed design experiment (N=52) was conducted to examine the effects of search method and task complexity on users' information-seeking performance and affective experience in an e-commerce context. The former factor had two within-participants conditions: keyword (KW) vs. natural language (NL) search; the latter factor had two between-participants conditions: simple vs. complex tasks. The results show that participants in the complex task condition were more successful when they used KW search than NL search. They thought the tasks were less difficult and reported more enjoyment and confidence with KW search. In the meantime, simple task participants performed better when they used NL rather than KW search. They also perceived the tasks as easier and more enjoyable, and had higher levels of confidence with the results, when NL was used. The findings suggest that NL search is not the panacea for all information retrieval tasks, depending on the complexity of task. Implications for interface design and directions for future research are discussed.


Lactic acid bacteria which are dominant in the natural flora of fermented foods and commonly used by consumers, are a very important group for the food technology and health sector. Nowadays, proteomics studies on lactic acid bacteria strains are focused on systematic mapping of strains and determination of protein synthesis induced by especially various environmental situations or stresses. These approaches are complementary to each other and provide new insights for the use of bacteria in food industry, in human health and in struggle against bacterial pathogens. Considering the industrial importance of lactic acid bacteria, the use of proteomics methods is expected to increase as well as genomic studies in the near future, especially in the study of strains which will be used as a starter culture or probiotic.


Covalent functionalization of nanowires of TiO 2 , ZnO and Al 2 O 3 has been carried out by employing the organosilicon reagents aminopropyltriethoxysilane and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). The presence of the organosilane coating was confirmed by electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and IR spectroscopy. HDTMS-coated oxide nanowires give stable dispersions in CCl 4 and toluene. Nanoparticles of these metal oxides as well as of CeO 2 and Fe 3 O 4 could be solubilized in non-polar solvents by functionalizing with HDTMS. Nanotubes and nanoparticles of BN could also be functionalized and solubilized with HDTMS. Organotin reagents have also been used to covalently functionalize oxide nanostructures and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, thereby producing stable dispersions in CCl 4 and toluene. The organotin reagents used were dibutyldimethoxytin and trioctyltinchloride. Covalent functionalization of nanostructures using organosilane and organotin reagents provides a general method applicable to large class of inorganic materials as well as carbon nanotubes and is likely to be useful in practice.


Owing to its high content of lauric and myristic acids, palm kernel oil is well known as a suitable feedstock for the production of confectionery fats. Fats of the highest quality and highest melting point resulting after modification are called CBS (cocoa butter substitutes). High quality CBSs offer good flavor release and resistance to fat bloom. The palm kernel oil conversion into CBS is usually done through a combination of fractionation and hydrogenation. The Statolizer® is a highly reliable technology for consistent production (high quality and high yield) of palm kernel stearin IV ? 7, in one step, to be used as a substitute for cocoa butter, after its total hydrogenation. A two-stage process can produce an unhardened, high quality CBS (IV ? 5). Also, the production of stearin can be increased by the successful re-fractionation of palm kernel olein. Three products can be produced through the two-stage static fractionation of palm kernel oil: palm kernel stearin IV ~ 5 (to be used directly as CBS), palm kernel stearin IV ~ 7 (to be used as the CBS after total hydrogenation) and palm kernel olein IV ~ 27. The hardened palm stearin has excellent melting and crystallization properties compared with the traditional fractionated and hydrogenated stearin. The reduced hydrogenation capacity is probably the most important benefit of the two-stage static fractionation of palm kernel oil,


[Problem] To provide an ice cream-like food product that is low-fat or fat-free with the texture of fat. [Solution] The present invention relates to a starter that is added to raw milk for a low-fat or fat-free ice cream-like product. The starter comprises Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus . Specifically, raw milk is cultured to a pH of 4.5 to 5.0 at 37˚C and then cooled to 5˚C to obtain fermented milk having a viscosity of 5000 mPa·s or higher. Examples of the Lactobacillus bulgaricus are Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain OLL1247 or Lactobacillus bulgaricus strain OLL1073R-1. Examples of the Streptococcus thermophilus are Streptococcus thermophilus strain OLS3618 or Streptococcus thermophilus strain OLS3078.


PPS/PA66/epoxy resin blends and PPS/PE-g-MA/epoxy elastomer (E) blends were prepared by means of the reactive extrusion of PA66 with epoxy resin,PE-g-MA and epoxy elastomer respectively,the prepared blends had chemical cross-linked interface structure.The loss factor,mechanical properties and impact fracture sur- face of the blend were studied.The results showed the compatibility of the blends was increased by the cross-linked structure resulted from the interface reaction,which made the notched impact strength of the blends increased by a factor of 3;the high active and reactive groups formed interracial conglutination between the matrix and the fiber, made the strength of the blends increased and kept the heat resistance of the blends unchanged.


If $E$ is an elliptic curve defined over $\mathbb Q$ and $p$ is a prime of good reduction for $E$, let $E(\mathbb F_p)$ denote the set of points on the reduced curve modulo $p$. Define an arithmetic function $M_E(N)$ by setting $M_E(N):= \#\{p: \#E(\mathbb F_p)= N\}$. Recently, David and the third author studied the average of $M_E(N)$ over certain "boxes" of elliptic curves $E$. Assuming a plausible conjecture about primes in short intervals, they showed the following: for odd $N$, the average of $M_E(N)$ over a box with sufficiently large sides is $\sim \frac{K^{\ast}(N)}{\log{N}}$ for an explicitly-given function $K^{\ast}(N)$.
The function $K^{\ast}(N)$ is somewhat peculiar: defined as a product over the primes dividing $N$, it resembles a multiplicative function at first glance. But further inspection reveals that it is not, and so one cannot directly investigate its properties by the usual tools of multiplicative number theory. In this paper, we overcome these difficulties and prove a number of statistical results about $K^{\ast}(N)$. For example, we determine the mean value of $K^{\ast}(N)$ over all $N$, odd $N$ and prime $N$, and we show that $K^{\ast}(N)$ has a distribution function. We also explain how our results relate to existing theorems and conjectures on the multiplicative properties of $\# E(\mathbb F_p)$, such as Koblitz's conjecture.


A behavioral theory of information processing based on ethological observations has been tested experimentally by programming a robot control system. The resultant software has successfully simulated robot operation. Three basic types of software modules are assumed as elements. These accept input stimuli and generate detailedstrings of motor response "units" to attain design goals. A complex process of interaction between the modules permits the consideration of many alternative actions while focusing attention on a selected set of input signals. ' The organization is shown to have especially flexible characteristics adapted to robot control and permits a recursive definition of some of the modules. Brief comparisons with other robot systems in being indicate some of the relationships between the different design approaches so far proposed.


The varietal characterization, varietal identification and genetic purity assessment is utmost important for field functionaries, Certification Officers, Seed Production Officers and Seed Growers for maintaining quality of the seed. Thirty genotypes of sesame were evaluated for various plant and seed morphological traits in three replication using RBD under field condition. The results of the present study clearly indicated that the genotypes of sesame can be distinguished and identified by plant morphological characters. These differences in morphological traits were useful in identification of individual sesame genotypes.


Dear Editor, Although the cranial nerves are often involved in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the optic nerves are usually spared presumably because they are part of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report a case of GBS with concurrent optic neuritis (ON) with antecedent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This combination suggests that some epitope shared with both the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) was targeted by an autoimmune process triggered by CMV infection. A previously healthy 68-year-old man noticed visual loss in the right eye when he woke up and had cough and low-grade fever 4 days prior. Examination the next day revealed no light perception on either eye with normal optic discs, fundi and ocular movements. The peripheral facial nerve and the right hypoglossal nerve palsies in the right side were present. Three days after disease onset, he developed bilateral ophthalmoplegia and bulbar palsy. On day 4, he developed muscle weakness in the upper extremities and respiratory failure. On day 5, quadriplegia, loss of deep tendon reflexes, and sensory disturbance in all modalities were noted. The nerve conduction studies were consistent with primary demyelination. The visual evoked potential could not be obtained. The cerebrospinal fluid protein was elevated to 209 mg/dL with normal cell count (4/mL, M : P 1⁄4 1 : 3). Myelin basic protein and oligoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) bands were negative. MRI of the brain and optic nerves was normal. The serum titers of IgG anti-GQ1b, anti-GT1a antibodies increased on days 4, 11, and 41, normalized on day 74. The antibody titers against CMV were significantly high during the clinical course (Table 1). He was diagnosed as having atypical GBS. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (0.4 mg/kg/ day for 5 days) alleviated his symptoms except for ON. A course of intravenous methylprednisolon pulse therapy (1 g/day for 3 days) was employed on day 31 and resulted in gradual recovery of visual acuity. After 6 months, he could walk more than one kilometer without support and could count fingers with either eye. The unique point of this case is that descending paralysis with multiple cranial nerve involvement started from the optic nerves. On admission, the diagnosis of GBS was unclear because his neurological signs were restricted to the cranial nerves including bilateral optic nerves recognized as part of the CNS. Within a few days, however, bulbar palsy with respiratory failure and motor-sensory peripheral neuropathy became evident. GBS, an acute generalized inflammatory demyelinating peripheral nerve disorder, rarely complicates CNS involvements including, if any, lesions in the cerebral white matter, the brain stem, the spinal cord, or the optic nerves. In most reported GBS cases with ON, the temporal profile of GBS is different from that of ON (Nikoskelainen and Riekkinen, 1972; Behan et al., 1976; Nadkarni and Lisak, 1993). This biphasic clinical profile suggests that an autoantigen, not pathogenic for the first lesion, was liberated from the nervous system during the first attack and subsequently sensitized the host to cause the second insult (Behan et al., 1976). In the present case, however, GBS and ON developed synchronously. This indicates that an epitope shared in both the CNS and PNS was targeted. The mechanism is still unknown, but the involvement of CMV infection, serologically confirmed in the present case, is speculated. Some cases with concurrent GBS and ON have the evidence of direct infection of mumps virus (Bajaj et al., 2001) or Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Henderson et al., 1998). CMV, a potent neurotropic virus, is a common antecedent infectious agent of GBS as well (Visser et al., 1996; Hadden et al., 2001). Whether there is a linkage of GBS with ON and anti-ganglioside antibody (GQ1b or GT1a) and CMV infection remains unclear, however, the fact that Address correspondence to: Dr. Toshiki Fujioka, Department of Neurology, Toho University Medical Centre Omori Hospital, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi Ota-ku, Tokyo 143–8541, Japan. Tel: þ81-3-3762-4151; Fax: þ81-3-3768-2566; E-mail: email@example.com Journal of the Peripherl Nervous System 10:340–341 (2005)


Jakarta is one of the cities in Indonesia that has a very high level of traffic jams. So it takes several alternative transportation so that congestion can be reduced. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government provides a solution by creating several mass transportation facilities including Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), Soekarno-Hatta Airport trains, TransJakarta buses, and the Jabodetabek Commuterline. In order to make it easier for transportation users to use it, a connecting facility is needed so that it makes it easier for users to choose the mode of transportation. The research entitled Connecting Facilities of several modes of transportation with Transit Oriented Development Approach used qualitative descriptive method by collecting data from journal article, observation to research location, interviews with users. After the data has been collected, analysis is carried out in order to obtain a complete picture of characteristics and conditions that exist, so that a basic program for planning and architectural design of the Dukuh Atas Interchange Station building can be compiled. This research produces a design of connecting facility that integrates between modes to move users from one mode of transportation to another without leaving the station so that it is more effective and efficient.


"The Times" relation to the question of the guilt of Austria-Hungary in outbreak of the World War I is considered. The question of guilt of the different countries in the military conflict is acute now and it is widely used by propaganda. The aim is to determine the role of Vienna in saber rattling on the pages of one of the main anti-Austrian paper of the United Kingdom. We can say about the low interest of English society to dual monarchy's affairs after the declaration of the war against Germany that was associated with the main competitor and the rivalry with it was not connected with the Balkan problems. Austria-Hungary went in the shadow of the German Empire. Reducing the materials about Austria-Hungary containing a negative assessment to Vienna's actions shows a significant decrease of interest to it at the end of 1914. In general criticism and warlike attitude towards Austria-Hungary were less extensive than in the relation to Germany. Thus, the greatest interest to Austria-Hungary was generated on the pages of "The Times" in the first weeks of the war. The war with Germany on the Western Front attracted more attention of the newspaper.


The characteristic of NC programming for die and mould was analyzed and in view of the repetition and diversity of some parameter settings,a processing template which parameterizes and standardizes NC processing flow was generated to improve the productivity of NC programming.A knowledge rule base was established.It used rule-based reasoning method and automatic geometric figure recognition technology to match a new part to template and accomplish NC programming.The validity of the method was verified through the application.It can improve the NC programming efficiency of parts with normative processing technique like electrode and insert for over 60%.