Abstract : The purpose of this study is to continue to build a capability for PEO Soldier to assess the platoon level effectiveness of different soldier equipment architectures using distributed simulation. Three combat models - IWARS, OneSAF, and COMBAT XXI. are integrated via the High-Level Architecture (HLA) in order to provide this capability. This year's effort focused on developing and demonstrating a runtime interaction between IWARS and OneSAF. In addition, a systems engineering methodology is proposed and demonstrated for driving federated simulation development with operational requirements. This methodology relies heavily upon the Military Missions and Means Framework, the Federation Development and Execution Process, and Model Driven Architectures. Successful integration was achieved with a squad-level scenario, and continued development will refine this federation by joining COMBAT XXI, adding analysis capabilities, and preparing for verification and validation.


reittee of the Privy Council. Her masses were so coarse and brutal in their mode of life that exiled Loyalists thought England an almost savage country. At the other pole was the pomp of the rich, so absorbing in its luxury that rivalry in magnificence became the chief preoccupation of great families. The talk in London was so much of "our" possessions, "our" colonies, "our" subjects, that it enraged even the calm Franklin and caused almost the hope, while he was still an ardent Briton, that such pride would have a fall. By the appeal to arms both England and America suffered. The British Empire broke in two. What the United States lost was beyond recovery. It was the continued tradition with the past of its English people. They created a new state, they wrote a new constitution. No doubt to its admirers it is the chief glory of the nation. But outsiders are not blinded by this affection for a noble instrument which is, none the less, gravely defective. They see in its hard rigidity shackles binding a great people. To-day the United States would be playing a greater part in the world if it had grown in, to a free nation under a flexible tradition based on a long past, rather than under the balanced clauses of an instrument of government. GEORGe. M. WRONG


Abstract Economics and business students are taught that sunk costs are irrelevant to their decisions. Yet, there is ample evidence that managers fail to integrate this simple rule and fall prey to what is known as the sunk-costs bias. To mitigate cognitive biases, such as the sunk-cost bias, educators must raise students' awareness of these common judgment errors. In this article, the author proposes a classroom activity that actively engages students and allows them to identify this bias in their own judgments. The activity builds on a series of experiments from the psychology literature. The author discusses how these experiments have been adapted for classroom use and presents evidence suggesting that the activity increased students' awareness of the sunk-cost bias and improved their decision-making skills.


By clustering of traffic flow time series, the typical traffic fluctuation patterns can be found. Generally, the euclidean distance and K-means algorithm can be used to clustering the time series, but it is hard to separate the time series with great different variability well. To solve this problem, fluctuation similarity measure, such as dynamic time warping and gray relation grade, and the hierarchical clustering algorithm were used to further separate the traffic flow time series. The experiments show that the proposed method can work and the gray relation grade measure is better suited for the problem than the dynamic time warping measure.


Crossandra infundibuliformis (firecracker flower, Acanthaceae) is an evergreen, perennial, flowering plant which is native to South India and Sri Lanka, and valued medicinally (Vadivel & Panwal, 2016). Phytoplasmas are cell-wall-less…


Abstract Two poly(arylene cobaltacyclopentadienylene)s, 3b and 3c were synthesized and their electrochemical properties investigated. The polymer with methyl groups at 3,4-positions of cobaltacyclopentadiene ring, 3b undergoes reversible oxidation at room temperature and shows 10−4 Scm−1 of electrical conductivity when chemically doped with I2.


In the lilac of the High-Intensity Proton Accelerator Facility, 972MHz klystrons are adopted as the RF source for the acceleration from 190MeV to 400MeV. The klystron is required the RF power of 2.5 MW to drive the ACS accelerator. A prototype klystron was produced, and was evaluated the RF characteristics at the test stand in the JAERI. At the first test, a saturation power of 2.1 MW was obtain on the cathode voltage of 104kV, and an unstable output power causing by a gun oscillation was observed.


This paper is intended to study the following questions: What are the important determinants of investment? How would these determinants affect investment? What are the policy implications for government to have impact on investment? What are the major different issues on investment between developed economies and developing economies? What are the gaps between the investment theories and the empirical evidences? After a literature view, the paper makes a comparative study of several econometric models from the LINK system, in terms of specification of investment and the impact of policies on investment.


e24012 Background: Frailty is an under recognized yet clinically important consideration in treatment decision making for older adults with cancer. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is considered gold standard for recognition of frailty and is endorsed by the International Society of Geriatric Oncology. Additionally, multiple screening tools have been validated to reliably detect frailty. Nevertheless, studies suggest that formal screening for frailty is not prevalent in community oncology practices and that oncologists' clinical judgement is not as sensitive in identifying frailty as CGA. This survey was designed to assess the perceptions of frailty amongst oncology providers, as well as the prevalence and method of frailty screening in these practices. Methods: After approval by an independent research ethics board, a secure online survey was circulated amongst community oncology providers within the TriHealth Cancer Institute, including MD's, DO's, and NP's, via email. Survey was live from January 24th to February 12th. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 20 total respondents from medical, surgical, gynecologic, and radiation oncology, 70% MD/DO. 70% of total respondents reported having > 50% of their patients over the age of 65. All respondents reported being familiar with the concept of frailty and the ECOG performance status, while only 45% had heard of CGA. 40% respondents reported that they screen for frailty and all used ECOG alone or along with Karnofsky, none used CGA or other validated screening tools. 60% respondents did not formally assess frailty, however all but one felt frailty assessment to be beneficial. Most commonly cited barriers to screening were time restraints and lack of availability of follow up services. Conclusions: Despite proven clinical benefit of CGA and various validated screening tools, few oncology providers screen for frailty. Furthermore, only 45% report having heard of CGA while none incorporate it in their practice. This shows that professional education amongst oncology providers is needed to promote the use of CGA or alternative frailty screening measures to improve outcomes in older adults with cancer. Additionally, strategies must be implemented that would mitigate time restraints and lack of access to follow up services so that these providers may be more inclined to conduct such frailty assessments. Limitations of this study include potential for reporting bias and indeterminate generalizability. Next steps include quality improvement initiative of implementing a frailty screening tool in these practices.


Nous Group (Nous) and the Centre for International Research on Education Systems (CIRES) at Victoria University were engaged by the Department to evaluate the SCFM against the objectives three years after implementation. The evaluation gathered and analysed qualitative and quantitative data about the SCFM to arrive at a series of findings and recommendations, summarised in this report. The evaluation process included 11 focus groups with principals and Managers Corporate Services (MCS) plus a survey of all schools.


In the past twenty years,western fast food companies took children as their main target consumers,and achieved great success.This study showed that children's intake of western fast food will not only cause obesity but also increase the probability of suffering from other diseases.Further empirical analysis shows that,the degree of children's preferences on western fast food as well as the quantity of children's intake of western fast food related to their own knowledge of healthy eating,to their parental education,as well as the propaganda of western fast food enterprises.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the education of children and parents,as well as to regulate the operations of western fast food enterprises.


The local enterprises employ a lot of outside rural labors in order to cut down their cost.But it makes the negative externalities to the local society.Using the negative externality principle of public economics,the reasons of negative externalities of employing part-time rural labors are discussed.It is pointed out that through collecting administrative charges from the part-time rural labors,the government can internalize the negative externalities,and the enterprises employing the part-time rural labors can reasonably plan their development strategies based on the goverment's administration policy.


The present paper deals with plants used in veterinary medicine in Buldhana district, which is situated in the northern part of Maharashtra (India). The folk knowledge about medicinal plants is still prevalent in the region. The increasing force of acculturation in the area indicated urgency in recording such data. A field study was carried out during 2006-2009. It was aimed at documentation, analysis and assessment of ethnobotanical knowledge in the study area. We performed structural interviews as well as open discussions with about 5-8 informants (with age between 50-65). It is compared with literature available to date. Eighty plant species belonging to 44 families have been reported as employed by the rural folks and tribals. A list of a plant species alongwith their family, local name, plant part/s used, medicinal recipe and mode of administration for effective control of different ailments. These remedies are mostly extended for cows, calves, bullocks, buffaloes, goats and sheeps. The main ailments treated are wounds, bone fractures, stomach and gynecological complaints. In few cases, the use of these remedies is also consistent with their use in human medicine. These are also discussed from the standpoint of 'doctrine of signatures'. Buldhana district has a rich repository of medicinal plants and this reinforces the need for concomitant evaluation of their chemical contents and biological activity as a basis for developing future medicines.


As a new economic form, the digital economy plays an important role in promoting the goal of carbon neutrality. This paper discusses the related issues of the digital economy promoting carbon neutrality from three aspects: implementation mode, practical difficulties, and development path. The results show that the digital economy can reduce carbon emissions in many ways, such as energy management, industrial structure, and technological innovation. Secondly, digital transformation can make enterprises develop in a green direction and promote the transformation of a low-carbon economy. However, the digital economy also faces many problems in carbon neutrality, such as talent shortage and the energy rebound effect. Finally, in order to effectively help achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, it is necessary to strengthen policy support and personnel training. The digital economy has great potential in the process of carbon neutrality, so we should fully grasp the policy opportunities and make positive contributions to sustainable development through continuous innovation and reform.


We investigate the interaction of a shock wave with multiple current sheets using a 2D hybrid simulation. We set the separation between current sheets at 25c/Wi and the thickness longer than the ion inertial length. While the current sheets are stable upstream, they become unstable to the tearing instability since the thickness becomes shorter than the ion inertial length after they interact with the shock wave. Magnetic islands produced by the instability evolve into larger islands through coalescence and the electromagnetic fields become turbulent far downstream. We also observe that the number of energetic particles increases with distance away from the shock wave and that the increase corresponds to the evolution of the current sheets.


This paper presents an emotion recognition approach based on decoupling the spatial context from the temporal dynamics of facial expressions in video sequences. In particular, each emotional state is represented as a set of temporal phases, where each temporal phase exhibits different temporal dynamics such as the expressing speed and the variable length of each phase. In this work, we have developed an algorithm for automatically detecting the temporal phases of human facial expressions by employing the concept of mutual information to define a similarity measure among different video frames. Moreover, we have developed a two-layer framework for emotional state recognition. The first layer utilizes the spatial context to classify the frames in an input video into emotional-specific temporal phases using a support vector machine classifier. In the second layer, dynamic time warping is used to classify the sequence of labels associated with the video frames, which is generated in the first layer, into a specific emotional state. In order to validate the performance of the proposed approach, we have conducted extensive computer simulations and the results show an average classification accuracy of 93.53% using the extended Cohn-Kanade facial-expression database.


Purpose

This paper was aimed at investigating the impact of knowledge management (KM) procedures on enriching human resources in Water and Waste Water Company in East Azerbaijan, Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

The samples used in this study included the employees of Water and Waste Water Company in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A questionnaire was used for collecting data from the employees of the abovementioned company. Its reliability and validity were first examined and checked. Then, Smart partial least squares 2.0 was used for analyzing the structural model.

Findings

The results acknowledged the validity of the introduced model for enriching human resources. The findings indicated that five variables, namely, kind of knowledge, top managers, information technology, culture and organization of knowledge, have significant impact on enriching human resources.

Research limitations/implications

It is undoubtable that research studies might have specific limitations which should be pointed out and addressed in future studies. The followings are the major limitations of the study: because the present study was carried out in Water and Wastewater Company in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, hence, generalizing the findings of this study to other professional contexts and organizations should be made with caution. In fact, the present study need to be replicated in other context to find whether the same or different results are obtained. In other words, different cultural, contextual and professional conditions might result differently from the ones reported here. Inasmuch as the present study was a cross-sectional study and the data were collected via questionnaire, a longitudinal study with a longer observation and investigation might shed more light on the efficacy of KMS in organizations. The present study focused on a specific dependent variable (human resource empowerment) which was explained by different dimensions of an independent variable, i.e. KM. However, the impact and efficacy of KMS can be investigated on other organizational variables and parameters. In this study, due to certain logistic and real-life limitations such as the limited time of the staff members of the target organization, we had to use only one data-collection instrument. Nevertheless, future studies can use data triangulation so as to better capture professional contexts of the study. Furthermore, another limitation of the study is related to the individual variables of the employees which remained untouched. That is, whether employees' personal, emotional and cognitive variables can modify the impact of KM on human resource empowerment was not investigated in the present study.

Practical implications

Organizational managers are recommended to provide the background for employees to share their experiences. Organizations should invest on designing and developing patterns and strategic perspectives in human resource empowerment as a key factor toward becoming knowledge-based organizations.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the few applied studies which acknowledged the relationship between knowledge management initiatives and empowering human resources. It addresses the gap between knowledge management and human resource empowerment.


The development and overcoming stages of exchange crisis are examined; the exchange crisis occurred in Belarus in 2011 and caused devaluation of the national currency at the rate of about 2,5 times higher, it also caused hyperinflation, the level of which made up 108,7% for the previous year. Accounting and taxation (of the currency transactions) system's influence on the formation of financial results of business organizations are examined on different stages of crisis progressing. We prove that abandoning multiple exchange rates, before it was actually implemented, the introduction free sale of the foreign currency in the unified trading session would significantly lessen the negative consequences that arise for the economic entities and for the economy in its entirety at the different stages of a currency crisis. The reasons are revealed, for which in the light of an extremely complex situation with current assets, the financial statements of the companies under the conditions of currency crisis suggested the successful results of their work.  Suggestions are formulated and given on how to improve accounting and taxation system under the hyperinflation economy conditions. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15544/ssaf.2012.39


In asthma, airway smooth muscle (ASM) becomes hyper‐contractile, causing a restriction of airflow. β‐adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonists activate adenylyl cyclase (AC) to increase cAMP production and relaxation of ASM. However, βAR appear to only couple to certain AC isoforms due to compartmentation in lipid rafts and caveolae. We examined the expression and localization of AC isoforms in primary mouse ASM. Enzymatic digestion of airway was followed by selection of single cells using a microscope and micropipette. We then prepared total RNA and analyzed AC expression via RT‐PCR. Of the 9 AC isoforms, we found expression of AC6 and AC3, with lower levels of AC4. AC2 expression was only occasionally detected. We then examined the localization of both native and overexpressed ACÕs by confocal microscopy. After double staining with caveolin‐1 antibody, we observed relatively high co‐localization between AC3 (21.3%) or AC6 (20.2%) and caveolin‐1. The degree of overlap was increased in cells overexpressing either AC isoform via incubation with recombinant adenoviruses (31.4% for AC3 and 29.7% for AC6). By contrast, low levels of co‐localization were observed between AC2 and caveolin‐1 (1.4%), with only a slight increase (9.6%) after infection with AC2 adenovirus. Our data indicate that mouse ASM express AC2, AC3, AC4 and AC6 but that only AC3 and AC6 are significantly co‐localized with caveolin‐1. Supported by HL079166.


Context: Most studies associating low-level lead exposure and kidney function have been carried out in adults and only a few studies have examined this relation in healthy children, adolescents, or young adults. Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects on renal functions due to environmental lead exposure in a cohort of children and adolescents that are permanent inhabitants of the three most polluted residential developments by lead in Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico. Materials and Methods: The biochemical markers of renal function, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as well as, blood lead levels, were measured in a cohort of 480 children and adolescents. According with the blood lead levels (BLLs), subjects were grouped in three exposure categories (Category I: < 25 μg/dL; Category II: > 25 < 45 μg/dL and Category III: > 45 μg/dL). Results: The mean baseline, highest and last BLLs in the assessed population, was 15.5, 17.2 and 3.3 μg/dL, respectively. The average quantity of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid levels, and eGFR were similar between the exposure categories; however the frequency of abnormal l uric acid level was significantly higher in the two most exposed categories (p < 0.01). In the multivariate statistical model, the frequency of abnormal serum creatinine concentration was positively linked with uric acid, while the frequency of abnormal uric acid was negatively associated with years of work, and, finally, there was a negative correlation between the eGFR and creatinine levels. No significant association was found between BLLs with the biochemical markers of the kidney functions or with the eGFR. Conclusion: Our data indicated that there was not a relevant relation between the BLLs with the biochemical markers of renal functions or with the eGFR in this cohort of healthy infants and juveniles environmentally exposed to lead.


Based on the two kinds of common air combat maneuver library,a BVRAC(Byond Visual Range Air Combat) maneuver library is designed to directly attack for the regular flexible movement in the BVRAC maneuver library.This article studied the import of model,data driving,viewpoint wandering and data acquisition by using OpenGL,realized the visualization of three-dimensional movement locus,raised generality of maneuver library,and established foundation for the air battle simulation training and air operations effectiveness.


Designing products is the logic starting point of technology aesthetic,and the technology aesthetic is the unique vision of the appreciation of designing products,it melts in the key elements of designing products,becomes an fundamental appreciation existence in society。


2. Announcements by City staff. (a) General meeting information to assembly (b) Introduction of new Board member (c) Status new member to replace Dan Bridgett. 3. Case 0364 Subject: Adoption of proposed building code amendments to require Class " A " roofing assemblies throughout the City and to ban wood roof coverings (revise Section §145.0202 of the San Diego Municipal Code); adopt new regulations for buildings and structures located adjacent to high fire hazard areas. Your attendance at the above meeting and consideration of the case(s) is appreciated. Meetings of the Board are open to the public, and interested persons and organizations are invited to attend. The meeting facilities are accessible to the physically disabled. For specific access information please call Ali Fattah at (619) 446-5092.


The Yi nationality has formed the extremely distinctive funeral customs in their long life in Jingdong area,in the funeral rites like going to the funeral,coffining,setting up a mourning hall,practicing the rites,attending the burial ceremony,the plants have represented the special religious cultural meanings and profound cultural connotations,reflects the ancestor worship,worship of plants,optimistic attitude and harmonious family life and death,social relations,with the protection of plants,protecting the ecological envi ronment and promote harmonious development between man and nature practical significance.


The nonlinear interaction of two high‐frequency high‐intensity waves to produce a highly directive difference frequency wave is known to be of value for systems requiring good angular resolution at operating frequencies not limited by absorption. The technique has recently been successfully applied to problems in marine bathymetry [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 50, 1085–1087 (1971)] and archeology [Paper F6, 83rd Meeting, Acoust. Soc. Amer.]. An analysis of the potential utilization of this technique in ultrasonic diagnostics is presented in the present paper. This analysis includes a comparison of parameters attainable by both nonlinear and conventional methods, as well as a design description of a prototype parametric echoscanner. This device utilizes a 0.25‐in. piston to transmit interacting waves at 7.25 and 8.75 MHz. The results of measurements on the amplitude and beampattern of the 1.5‐MHz difference‐frequency wave are presented. Echolocation data obtained with several simple targets are also presented to ...


Since John D. Gordan's intrepid search in the jungles of Borneo in the 1930s for the real-life bases of Conrad's Eastern fictions, seekers for further sources have uncovered much more of the material Conrad drew on and reshaped, in particular his literary sources.1 Indeed, as Yves Hervouet and other scholars have shown, borrowing, re-creation, and transmutation are fundamental and complex rhythms of Conrad's creative process.2 In the case of Lord Jim, the work of Gordan and Sherry has been seminal in showing the complex inter-relationship of history, reading, and observation, and much of this specialist research has appeared in annotated reading editions of the novel currently available.3 Some areas still remain unexplored, and the degree to which even minor details derive from Conrad's far-flung reading can yield surprises. The legend of the valuable jewel retailed to Marlow by the third-class deputy-assistant Resident "about 230 miles south of Patusan river" and the scribe "to the Rajah of the little place" (278, 280) in Chapter 28 emerges from the factual records printed here and not previously noted by commentators on the novel's sources. Conrad's version of the legend of the "extraordinary gem" repeats a number of the salient aspects of the two accounts appended in translation below: the story of a precious gem of mystical power hidden on the person of a woman, the curiosity of Dutch officialdom in the stone, its widespread fame, and its historical connection to the Sultan of Succadana. Conrad


The article discusses, the international and national legal regulation of Ukraine's information security is examined following the armed conflict initiated by the Russian Federation and the subsequent aggression against Ukraine. The main challenges and threats are analyzed, focusing on the role of various actors in ensuring Ukraine's information security in the present day.It is noted that fostering favorable conditions for Ukraine's political development constitutes the country's national interests. These primary interests include ensuring the effective exercise of political rights and freedoms for citizens to satisfy individual human interests, strengthening democracy to fulfill societal interests, and providing effective protection of the constitutional order, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country. Additionally, these interests encompass the establishment and maintenance of political stability, including the stability of state power and its institutions. In the sphere of information security, Ukraine's national interests are employed to shape the strategic and current tasks of state policy.The study demonstrated that effective information activities and the utilization of key international legal documents can significantly enhance a state's efforts towards peaceful crisis resolution. In particular, information technologies can help expand the capabilities of ensuring a country's defense capacity. The efficient use of information technologies assists Ukraine in its information confrontation with Russia, achieve its strategic goals, and ensure national security.Additionally, the article emphasizes that neglecting information factors or distorting information can provoke radical sentiments and flare-ups of hostility, potentially leading to the destabilization of the situation in the country and catastrophic consequences for national security.Consequently, information security is a vital component of Ukraine's national interest, and fostering favorable conditions for the political development of the country is essential for achieving national security and protecting the state's interests.


Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment to tackle morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms of action are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of bariatric surgery on intestinal fatty acid (FA) uptake and blood flow.


Objective:To analyse the causes for macular translocation after 360 degree retinotomy in treatment of complicated retinal detachment, and to discuss the diagnosis and therapy for cyclotorsional strabismus and diplopia.Methods:Two cases of retinal detachment with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy were treated with 360 degrees retinotomy during vitrectomy.The macula retine of the two cases were translocated after surgery.Visual acuity, binocular vision, degree of cyclotorsion, distance of foveal shift were investigated.Results:Retinal reattachments were obtained in the two patients .Case 1 was followed up for 21 months, vision was improved from LP to 0.01.The silicone oil in this case was removed after 15 months .Case 2 was followed up for 3 months, vision improved from LP to 0 03.Both patients developed horizontal and vertical strabismus with torsion of 40-50 degrees, macular shift about 1 5 disc diameter, and both patients complained of image tilt.Conclusion:360 degree retinotomy is a valuable technique to reattach the retina with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy, but the retina may be rotated and the macula translocated which cause significant ocular torsion and strabismus.


Quality and Industrial Organisation: "To‐morrow". The influence of organised consumers, European integration and economic development on quality and organisation has been given. A special way of organising from the bottom to the top has been explained. Emphasis has been placed on the necessity of and means of communication.


[Objective]The study aimed to master the changes of heat and water resources in Chaoyang district,and offer basis for adjusting structure and avoiding-disaster.[Method]Though applying the method of common mathematical statistics,the increasing extent of factors of heat resource were resolved by linear asymptote in Escel procedure.[Result]The warming extent of 3 district in Chaoyang existed differences ,average temperature increased 0.8-1.9℃,and that in winter was the most obvious;the annual precipitation induced 50 millimeter,and mainly in summer from 1960 to 2008.[Conclusion]The temperature increase and precipitation decrease had different effect on agrometeorology resources and disaster,and had both advantages and disadvantages in agricultural production.


Osteoporotic is a health burden worldwide, resulting in reduction of physical activity, increased risk of mortality, and incremental medical cost. Mandibular trabecular patterns analyzed on dental panoramic radiographs have been widely studied for identifying postmenopausal women with low skeletal bone mineral density (BMD). In this paper we proposed a new method for detecting osteoporosis using Weighted Fuzzy ARTMAP from the features measured in dental panoramic radiographs. The method developed an activation match function by integrating Simplified fuzzy ARTMAP and symmetric Fuzzy ART. Fourier method and segmentation processing were applied for obtaining features of a radiograph in frequency and spatial domain. We also introduced an additional weighted parameter based on pheromone to distinguish clusters based on the amount of its member. The experimental results for osteoporosis detection show that the new method achieved accuracy of 87.88%, sensitivity of 93.33%, and specificity of 83.33%.


The authors have developed a model intended to assist decision making for long term coastal management. The task of developing guidelines for coastal management is seen to resolve at three scales: allocative (the allocation of user groups or land uses to environments), strategic, at which decisions made at the allocative level are implemented in engineering planning, and tactical, which involves practical engineering on-site. The model is intended to be especially applicable to decision making at the allocative and strategic scales. It is based on the rigorous application of rational guidelines expressed in algebraic or Boolean logic but is also designed to incorporate the subjective preferences or weightings of policy makers (eg, politicians). The paper shows how readily accessible microcomputer packages may be used to support coastal managers in difficult planning tasks.


In earlier work, the second named author described how one may extract Darmonstyle L -invariants from modular forms on Shimura curves that are special at p. In this paper, we show that these L -invariants are preserved by the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence. As a consequence, we prove the second named author's period conjecture in the case where the base field is Q. As a further application of our methods, we use integrals of Hida families to describe Stark–Heegner points in terms of a certain Abel–Jacobi map.


Cultures of Pseudomonas are often required for research, biotechnology, industrial application, and environmental application. Sourcing for species of Pseudomonas from environmental samples can be made easy by using a procedure that promotes production of greenish pigments in selected species of Pseudomonas. Differential enumeration of greenish pigment producing bacteria in river water, samples was carried out using separate nutrient agar plates containing 50μg.ml, and 100μg.ml Chloramphenicol. Greenish pigment producing colonies were obtained on nutrient agar plates containing 50μg.ml Chloramphenicol after 48 hours of incubation at ambient temperature. The proportion of the bacterial population producing greenish pigments on the plates ranged from 11.11% 30.77%. Results generated from Gram staining and physicochemical/biochemical tests carried out on selected isolated colonies which produced green pigments revealed that the isolates are all P. fluorescens. Also, selected results generated for one of the isolate which was submitted to an internet based bacterial identification software showed that the isolate is 89% related to P. fluorescens. Biomolecular identification via 16S rRNA gene sequencing suggested that the isolate is P. fluorescens. The procedure used in this research provides a means of identifying environmental samples containing Pseudomonas and the subsequent isolation of the bacterium.


The invention relates to a special controlled-release fertilizer for pears and a preparation method thereof, which is prepared with sulphur resin coated compound fertilizer of different coating thicknesses, 4 percent sulphur resin coated potassium nitrate, 3 percent sulphur resin coated ammonium phosphate, sulphur resin coated urea of different coating thicknesses, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, etc. The special controlled-release fertilizer for pears is applied in one go for all before the budding in spring, thereby reducing the harm of fertilizations to tree roots, and saving manpower and strength. The special controlled-release fertilizer for pears can meet the demand for nitrogen, phosphor, and potassium by pears in the annual growth period, release nutrient slowly, lower manure loss effectively, and enhance the pear yield greatly.


Andradite orders antiferromagnetically at I1.5t0. I K. At 4.2 K the magnetic hyperfine field is 519-rl kOe. Mcissbauer spectra taken in the magnetically ordered state consist of two sextets that have similar hyperfine fields and isomer shifts but different quadrupole splittings. Both sextets are commensurate with Fe3* in sites that are crystallographically equivalent in the paramagnetic state. The existence of two sextets indicates that the sublattice magnetization and the electric field gradient are oriented along different directions.


Using data on residential recycling costs from fifty-seven Wisconsin cities, this study finds that average per-household recycling costs are significantly lower in cities that contract with a firm to provide curbside collection than in cities that provide municipal collection service. Higher population density reduces per-household recycling collection costs, but city size is not a significant determinant. Costs were higher in a city that had a market-based subscription program with several recycling haulers. These results are consistent with earlier work on the costs of waste disposal services.


Simulation is commonly used in pharmacy curricula to develop student skills in counseling patients and taking medication histories. However, simulating a clinical trial using students as research subjects is uncommon. The exercise described here illustrated the complexity of clinical trials to students by enrolling them as subjects. The simulated clinical trial determined the effect of wire diameter on the resistance of paper clips to breaking from repeated bending. Some aspects of the trial were intentionally flawed to provide for discussion of the limitations of the study as a clinical trial. The students also completed a written evaluation of the exercise. The students were successful in detecting many of the intrinsic study limitations and their observations were used as the basis for discussion of clinical trial design and conduct. The simulation appeared to succeed as an educational technique. Pharmacy faculty should consider incorporating simulations in the curriculum wherever possible to supplement traditional instruction.


ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATIONPortly, pony-tailed, and richly opinionated, Russian zoologist Nikolai Aladin has been infatuated with the Aral Sea for nearly 3 decades.


This paper presents the application of computer software to determine the assimilative capacity of water bodies, in relation to the disposal of domestic and industrial effluents. The software WASP - Water Simulation Program, CORMIX and QU ALB AVI are used to determine the assimilative capacity of the Marinho estuary, Vitoria Bay and Camburi Canal considering the parameters BOD, DO, fecal Coliform, Nitrogen and Phosphorous. The assimilative capacity knowledge of these water bodies helped to define the best location for sewage treatment plants to be built in the Great Vitoria Region.


In 1933 Canada enacted the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act with little consultation. Parliament described the CCAA as federal 'bankruptcy and insolvency law' but the Act provoked constitutional controversy because it could compulsorily bind secured claims, which fell under provincial jurisdiction. Even after the Supreme Court of Canada upheld the CCAA, the intended beneficiaries of the Act preferred not to use it. In the 1950s the Act fell out of use, and by the 1970s commentators considered it a 'dead letter.' But during the 1980s and 1990s recessions, courts 'revived' the CCAA through progressive interpretations of its few 'enabling' provisions. This helped justify debtor-in-possession reorganisation as a policy objective of Canadian bankruptcy and insolvency law. This thesis attempts to understand why this occurred.

This study provides a theorised interpretation of CCAA history. I rely on concepts such as path dependence, interest groups and institutions to shed light on periods of stability and change in CCAA law over time. I bolster this with a socio-legal analysis that takes account of gradual changes in practice that often preceded and gave shape to formal reforms.

This thesis shows that large secured creditors have been major drivers and beneficiaries of CCAA law. The Act originally extended provincial receivership reorganisations into federal law. In the 1980s-1990s courts facilitated ongoing access to the CCAA by recasting it as a debtor-remedy. In both instances the solvency of large secureds (financial institutions) highlighted the necessity of restructuring corporate borrowers, and prevailing social, economic, and political factors influenced the substance and mechanisms of legal changes. Despite its public stature as a 'debtor-remedy,' CCAA law continues to advance the interests of large secured creditors.


Data provided by previous censuses of England and Wales have been essential for many areas of socioeconomic, epidemiological and other health research, and also for healthcare planning. For example, they have been used to: Provide population estimates for geographical areas that are used to estimate disease burdens. Examine environmental exposures in relation to health outcomes in very specific geographical locations. Provide characteristic data on the population that are used in health research, such as information on age, ethnicity, and occupation. Aid the design of surveys and longitudinal cohort studies Study health-related trends in the population over years. Provide historical and genealogical information to aid genetic studies of the population. Many of these uses would not be feasible or would not produce robust results using data provided by the consultation's proposed alternatives to a full decennial census.


Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830011, China Marketing Service Center, State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830011, China College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China


In this diploma thesis we were engaged in influence of storage conditions on stability of flow pasteurized beer. Four types of beer (light pale beer, light lager, light special beer and dark lager) were storaged in different temperatures. The stability of researched beer samples was assesmented by microbiology, instrumental and sensory analysis during its storage.


Nearly forty years ago and long before the Heart of Darkness 'craze', Ford Madox Ford foretold the critical fate of Conrad's novella. He noted that it 'gained when it was written a certain vividness from its fierce lashings at the unspeakable crew that exploited the natives in the Congo,' and predicted that when 'imperialism' vanished, and by imperialism he meant 'spoliation of subject races', the 'masterpiece will then stand by its poetry.'l Although imperialism remains, by Ford's criteria if not by Lenin's and Hobson's, literary critics have neglected imperialism and have transformed the novella into a timeless myth about the exploration of the human soul and the metaphysical power of evil. These are only some of the more radical interpretations; there are others which, if they shed some light, still distort the novella, which gives us a concrete record of Belgian colonialism in the Congo and transforms a personal experience into a myth about imperial decadence. Despite D.H. Lawrence's warning, 'Never trust the artist. Trust the tale', Conrad's own conception of his tale should not be overlooked. The idea of the novella, he told his publisher in I899, was the 'criminality of inefficiency and pure selfishness when tackling the civilizing work in Africa', and the 'subject is of our time distinctly,' though 'not topically treated'. The story was intended as a criticism of colonialists in Africa. Many of his friends agreed. Hugh Clifford, writer and colonial administrator, called it a 'study of the Congo', while Edward Garnett described it as 'an impression taken from life, of the conquest by the European whites of a certain portion of Africa, an impression in particular of the civilizing methods of a certain great European Trading Com-


In this paper,the problems of the third person in sports dispute are discussed by using the methods of literature and logical analysis.The conclusion is that a perfect sports arbitration system should be based on the combination of China's national conditions,the actual development of China's sports,the international sports arbitration rules and the arbitration practice of the Olympic Games.


A total of 19 fields in the nearby spiral galaxy M33 have been observed by millimeter-wave interferometer at about 30 pc resolution. A total of 38 individual giant molecular clouds (GMCs) were detected. The velocity widths, diameters, peak brightness temperatures, and masses are very similar to those of Galactic GMCs. The virial and molecular masses for the clouds agree to within 10 percent, confirming for the first time that the Galactic value of the conversion factor alpha from CO flux to H2 column density is valid for an external galaxy. The mass distribution of the M33 clouds is in good agreement with the Galactic mass distribution, but shows a cutoff at masses greater than 400,000 solar. This can be explained in terms of a simple model where the rate of accretion of material by a cloud is balanced by the rate of dissociation of molecular gas by stars within the cloud. 37 refs.


Inspection is an important element in ensuring the delivery of good care. The Care Quality Commission (CQC) is key to this process and its inspections are rigorous and demanding.


Abstract : A Service Test of the XM69 Practice Hand Grenade (XM69) (with XM228 fuze) was conducted. The purpose of the test was to determine, under actual or simulated field conditions, the suitability of the XM69 and its associated reusable spare parts for use as a training item by the US Army. Specific test phases to which the XM69 was subjected were physical characteristics, safety, functional suitability, reliability, durability, maintainability, human factors, and value analysis. The performance of the XM69 was compared to the M67 fragmentation hand grenade and the M62 practice hand grenade in applicable subtests.


In this article, the historical significance of the therapeutic relationship in social casework theory and practice is discussed and elaborated on in relation to contemporary psychodynamic theories and constructs, such as the therapeutic alliance, the holding relationship, and selfobject theory. The significant contributions of investigators in such diverse fields as infant attachment, neurobiology, and feminist theory are then discussed in relation to these psychoanalytic ideas. Based in part upon recent research being conducted in such fields, a more central role is proposed for psychodynamic conceptions of relationship in the education of social work clinicians. FAMILIES IN SOCIETY | Volume 85, No. 4 550 Historical Perspectives in Social Work and Psychodynamic Theory Although relationship has long been emphasized in the social casework literature, it was originally conceived in a nondynamic way. Mary Richmond (1899), writing over 100 years ago, noted that friendly visiting means intimate and continuous knowledge of and sympathy with a poor family's joys, sorrows, opinions, feelings, and entire outlook upon life. The visitor that has this is unlikely to blunder about relief or any detail; without it he is almost certain, in any charitable relations with members of the family, to blunder seriously. (p. 180) In this early view, one that is framed in the language of the charity organization movement, relationship is not thought of as a dynamic, interactive process, but as something akin to a friendship. As a matter of fact, it wasn't until 1930 that the term "relationship" was finally adopted as a way of characterizing the encounter between the worker and client (Biestek, 1957; Robinson, 1930). Although other terms such as empathy and rapport were subsequently introduced to enhance this early characterization, these conceptions of relationship lacked dimension. When, in the late 1920s, the psychoanalytic concept of transference was first used in the social casework lexicon, thereby adding considerable complexity to the simple formula originally provided by Richmond, it may have furnished additional impetus to efforts to define the nature of the casework relationship.1 In the late 1950s, Felix Biestek introduced his now-classic volume, The Casework Relationship (1957). In this book, he outlined seven principles of relationship distilled from a comprehensive analysis of the extant casework literature. These consisted of individualization, purposeful expression of feelings, controlled emotional environment, acceptance, nonjudgmental attitude, client self-determination, and confidentiality (Biestek, 1957). One might argue that these principles are in basic synchrony not only with important psychoanalytic concepts emerging in the mid 1950s regarding nontransferential aspects of the analytic relationship, but that they also presage the work of Carl Rogers and his colleagues on the "facilitative conditions"2 for effective psychotherapy. Biestek's emphasis on a professional relationship emphasizing the creation of an interpersonal climate in which clients are encouraged to express their feelings openly, and workers respond with nonjudgmental acceptance, also calls to mind the object-relations notion of the "holding environment." Though originally used to describe the facilitative maternal environment through which the good enough mother is able to offer her infant emotional security, which ultimately affords him or her protection against the inevitable failures in maternal attentiveness or empathy, this concept also possesses a unique currency in the casework treatment situation. In the broad context of social services, holding may be defined to include the provision of material goods, such as food, housing, or financial assistance; the provision of family preservation programs or respite care; or even the removal of children who have been subject to abuse or neglect (Applegate & Bonovitz, 1995). In the clinical milieu, the good enough parent is, of course, the therapist, the holding metaphorical rather than literal. What elements, however, are associated with such therapeutic holding? Foremost among these would be the creation of a safe emotional environment, in which the client can feel relative comfort and security in disclosing the details of her personal life. Oftentimes, such a safe environment is possible only through therapeutic containment, whereby elements of the client's rudimentary identity, as well as rage, violent projections or fantasies, and other internally arising dangers are absorbed and therapeutically metabolized by the clinician (Bion, 1962, Klein, 1974; Meissner, 1996; Ogden, 1982). The therapeutic effect of such containment is to assure the client that the therapist cannot be destroyed and that she or he is a good container for such dangerous thoughts, wishes, or impulses, thus furnishing the client with a "safe context for emotional discharge" (Meissner, 1996, p. 20). The safety of the therapeutic environment may also be enhanced or managed through various external structures (e.g., institutional rules or psychotropic medications) that function to diminish frightening thoughts or impulses. The therapist's genuine interest in and concern for the client, her ability to listen attentively to the client's story as it unfolds, and reasonable efforts to remain affectively attuned and empathically Social work practice arose from a tradition in which the idea of alliance and alliance building is almost inextricable from conceptions of treatment. 1 An even greater motive was the gradual movement toward professionalization within social work, which required greater conceptual clarity as well as the substitution of a new scientific terminology for the experience-near language of casework pioneers such as Mary Richmond. 2 Empathy, positive regard, and congruence constituted the original facilitative conditions identified in Rogers' seminal research (Rogers, 1957), although this list was later amended to include nonpossessive warmth and genuineness (Truax


The children's fiction of Huang Bei-jia has not only won the favor of children,but has also aroused the interest of adults.The charm of her fiction for children stems from her unique narrative strategies: the "focalization zero" narrative perspective,the narrative time going against the order of time,the narrative pattern of mixing the value of life into the story of life.These unique narrative strategies are closely related to the concept of her children's literature.


As a preliminary experiment on the production of marine pearls containing rich amounts of manganese, several procedures for the administration of manganese in the pearl oyster, Pteria (Pinctada) martensii (DUNKER), were investigated by the authors1) and the changes of manganese content in various tissues vrere compared. After the previous work, the amounts of manganese deposited onto the pearls by the injection of manganous carbonate paste or by the insertion of manganese nuclei were measured and the degrees of coloration were observed in marine pearls contain ing various amounts of manganese from irradiation with r-rays. From the results obtained, it was demonstrated that the production of marine pearls containing rich amounts of manganese by means of the administration of manga nese is possible and the degrees of coloration of these marine pearl layers irradiated with r-rays are approximately proportional to the manganese content of each.


The diesel engine has the advantage over gasoline engine due to its low fuel consumption, higher combustion efficiency, durability and low hydrocarbons (HC), particulate, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and NOXemission as a major source. Due to abovesaid problems, diesel is now blended with Biofuels and play a significant role to meet its energy and environmental challenges. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an eco-friendly alternativeto lower NOX and particulates emission. The use of EGR in compression ignition engines, lowers the concentration of oxygen mixture and flame temperature. However, it has been observed that advantages of EGR is fuel specific. In present paper a performance review of compression ignitionengine using EGR with blended fuelshas been carried out. The effect on break power, break specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency has been reported. Further aspects of response surface methodology on optimization of NOx emission, smoke opacity and BSFChasbeen carriedout using blended fuel, EGR rate, injection timing etc.


This paper describes the design, implementation, and performance of a digital beamformer conceived in the late 1960's to replace the mechanical video scanning switch found in many sonar systems of that time. The design goals included preserving the wide dynamic range typical of high powered sonars, increasing the scanning rate to be commensurate with system bandwidth, and providing sonar data in digital form for studies of post‐beamforming processing. In Sec. I, a digital beamformer which uses geometric quantization of quadrature sampled stave data is described, and its properties are obtained via computer simulation for a circular array geometry. The combination of digital phase shift beamforming with circular array geometry leads naturally to a serial implementation, which amounts to a ''finite impulse response (FIR)'' filter, to obtain a scanned beam output. One version of this implementation was built and tested. Brief descriptions of the hardware and its measured properties are given in Sec. II.


Central ACE2 prevents the development of hypertension induced by chronic AngII infusion in transgenic mice (SA) overexpressing ACE2 in the brain. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, we investigated the expression of NOS isoforms (immunohistochemistry) and NO release (free radical measurement) in the brain of these mice. At baseline, ACE2 over‐expression was associated with increased (Relative Intensity, RI) nNOS (1.9 ±0.4), eNOS (1.5 ±0.1), phosphorylated‐eNOS‐Ser1177/Thr495 ratio (3.4 ±0.2), an index of phosphorylation vs. dephosphorylation and NO release (3.57 ±0.02 μM) vs. non‐transgenic (NT) littermates (1.0 ±0.1 RI and 2.95 ±0.11 μM, respectively, P<0.05). AngII infusion dramatically reduced nNOS (1.4 ±0.3) and eNOS (0.8 ±0.1) expression; (P<0.05) and NO release (2.68 ±0.19 μM) in SA but it remained significantly higher than in NT (nNOS: 0.4 ±0.03; eNOS: 0.4 ±0.1; NO: 1.82 ±0.22 μM, P<0.05) mice. Interestingly, Ang II+Mas blocker dramatically decreased the Phospho‐eNOS‐Ser1177/Thr495 ratio (0.7 ±0.02) compared to SA mice infused with AngII alone (3.6 ±0.5, P<0.05) and further reduced NO levels (1.75 ±0.08 μM). These data suggest that ACE2 exerts its modulatory effects partly through up‐regulation of NOS expression and phosphorylation, reinforcing Ang‐(1–7)‐mediated NO release in the brain, thus preventing the development of neurogenic hypertension. (AHA 0825459E, NIH RR018766 and HL093178)


Toll like receptors (TLRs) are the most important Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved microbial signature molecules, the Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns(PAMPS). Chicken Toll Like Receptor 5 (chTLR5) and Toll Like Receptor 7 (chTLR7) recognize flagellin and ssRNA, respectively, and induce expression of a wide range of immunoregulatory and effector molecules. In this study a 248 bp chTLR5 gene (Accession no. GU370775) and 414 bp chTLR-7 gene (Accession no. FJ908712) were amplified to study the expression pattern in a wide range of chicken tissues (brain, kidney, liver, lung, duodenum and heart). The expression of the genes was normalized to the expression of the house keeping gene, β-actin. chTLR5 and chTLR7 expressed in most tissues with highest expression in lung and intestine,respectively. This understanding of the chTLR5 and chTLR7 repertoire for different tissues would allow more refined interpretation of immune induction in response to chicken pathogens.


(Received December 9, 2013)(Revised December 23, 2013)(Accepted January 10, 2014)Abstract This study analyzed the fundamental characteristics of concrete according to a ternary system mixing in order toreduce hydration heat of mass concrete and to improve early age strength. The results are as follows. The fluidity ofunconsolidated concrete satisfied the target scope regardless of the binder conditions. When the replacement ratio betweenFA and BS increased, the slump of low heat-A mix and low heat-B mix increased, and air content was not affected by thechange of binders. As for setting time, low heat cement mix had the fastest regardless of W/B, and high early strengthlow heat mix achieved 6 hours' reduction compared with low heat-B mix at initial set, and 12 hours' reduction at the finalset respectively. As for the simple hydration heat, the low mix peak temperature was the highest and low heat-B mix hadthe lowest temperature. And high early strength low heat mix was similar with that of low heat-B. The compressivestrength of hardened concrete had similar strength scope in all mixes except for low heat-B mix at early ages, and hadunexceptionally similar one without huge differences at long-term ages.Key wordsEarly age strength, Low heat cement, Heat of hydration, Mass concrete


This paper explores the influence of competition between sharing edge service platforms. In particular, each server node in the edge network is regarded as an edge service provider(ESP). Each mobile device that needs to get edge services is considered as a user. There are two operators in the network, each of them offering a platform that contains several ESPs. Both platforms compete for users by pricing the services and get benefits from a fraction of the revenue that users pay for the edge services. In addition, we consider using utility function to describe the benefits of users and ESPs, which will be affected by edge service prices, impacts of competition between platforms, and quality of service(QoS). Based on the concept of a noncooperative game, this paper studies the equilibrium prices that emerge from the competition between platforms and explore the influence factors of equilibrium prices.


A learning center at San Bernardino Valley College was established to diagnose and correct reading deficiencies in their students. The learning center focuses on specific reading skills and uses prescriptive teaching to tailor the method and materials to the individual students. Test scores indicate the rlarticular reading problems the student has, and tutoring or autoinstructional progzams are prescribed according to the student's reading level. Areas of instruction include word attack, vocabulary, comprehension, speed and flexibility, and application of reading skills to content subjects. Materials used in the program include reading kits, audio tapes and corresponding books and filmstrips, programed spelling materials, graded reading materials, textbooks, flashcards, pacing devices, study guides, and video te.es. The program is designed to cover a semester and the learning centers can accommodate about 300 students. (AL)


In June 2018, the Healthcare Ethics Consultant (HCEC) Certification Commission (the Commission) began accepting applications, and since then three candidate cohorts have received the Healthcare Ethics Consultant-Certified (HEC-C) designation. While these individuals have reported favorable experiences, concerns about the HEC-C program—both the certification process and what the designation represents—exist. As members of the Commission, we welcome dialogue about these concerns and wish to enhance understanding of the Commission's reasoning behind key aspects of the HEC-C program. This program is part of an evolving system of professional structures, for which much work remains. In developing the HEC-C program, we were guided by well-established standards. The HEC-C program is not set in stone, but instead will evolve over time. We hope that transparency will encourage productive dialogue, improving the practice of, and access to, healthcare ethics consultation.


The modern environment forces an innovative system of any level to switch to the language of digital interaction and to put into operation demanded Internet services. In-house planning processes are built on digital analytics, covering a solid set of indicators. Actual technologies of big data, Internet of things, business analytics allow making management decisions quickly and flexibly and are able to produce economic effect in the shortest possible time. There is a need to search for digital solutions for the effective functioning and development of innovative systems. The authors made an attempt to substantiate the use of such digital technology as digital workflow in solving the problems of developing innovative systems of different levels, contributing to increasing management efficiency through the integration, analysis and monitoring of various information. Within the framework of the presented study, the necessity of using digital workflow is substantiated, its fundamentally important properties and mechanism of functioning are shown, which ensure the interaction of participants, actual and potential users in order to create and exchange structured and detailed formalized information. A comparative characteristic of digital and electronic document management is given, their advantages and disadvantages of using at the subjective level are revealed. The main aspects and requirements for the digital workflow process, focused on the effective development of the innovation system at the subject level, have been formed. A structural and logical model for the implementation of digital document management in the activity of an innovative system is proposed for the purpose of efficient management of corporate content and full-fledged work with documents in digital format. The practical significance of the presented digital solution lies in increasing the efficiency of automation of key and auxiliary business processes in innovation systems both at the regional and subject levels of the economy.


Desorption is one of the most critical processes affecting the effectiveness of soil and ground water remediation. None of the currently adopted desorption models can accurately quantify desorption of low‐hydrophobicity organic chemicals, and thus could potentially mislead remediation design and decision‐making. A recently developed dual‐equilibrium desorption (DED) model was found to be much more accurate in quantifying desorption. A screening‐level transport model, DED‐Transport, was developed to simulate the DED effect on behaviors of organic contaminant plumes during remediation. DED‐Transport requires only simple parameters, but is applicable to many remediation scenarios. DED‐Transport can be used as a decision‐support tool in site remediation to more precisely predict the time required for cleanup.


ABSTRACT This paper is premised on the call to re-orientate marketing as a contributing social science. It gathers together criticisms of marketing research which identify inconsistencies that prevent our progress. It posits that we are driven to reproduce these inconsistencies because of a closed-system of practice and because of the generative absence of an effective, reflexive and integrative metatheoretical structure. In response to these problems, the paper aims to offer an integrative metatheoretical structure from which to ground our research and intervene in the identified inconsistencies. The paper therefore offers a perspective on the constitution of the world (what exists, its common features, and how it comes to exist), before addressing the terms and conditions on which the world is to be researched and explained. This conceptual contribution employs tools developed in the critical realist philosophy of social science to address: instances of absence within marketing research; and how these instances are generated and reproduced. It then suggests how these absences can be rectified.


Manual material handling (MMH) is one of the most common causes of accidents and ill-health in the workplace. Material handling encompasses a wide range of work activities - from occasional movement of very large loads with cranes and powered industrial trucks to routine, repetitive lifting of relatively light objects and tasks that are incidental to a worker's regular, daily activities. Manual material handling tasks in a Philippine manufacturer (the Company) of Baby Diapers and other personal products were evaluated and analyzed. Five months worth of data from the Company showed that 7% of workers suffer from work-related musculo-skeletal injuries. Of these, 58% are classified as low back pain. It should be noted that most Philippine companies are notorious for under-reporting workplace related injuries, particular those that only cause loss of man-hours (as opposed to losing man-days or months) due to relatively lax regulations though the Company encourages employees to report these types of injuries. The manufacturing line for Product H (a baby diaper) was analyzed using ergonomic checklists for general posture, task evaluation, and workstation evaluation, as well as a Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD) Risk Index. It was seen that bulk packing, auto-bagging, manual sealing and box stacking are the most problematic among the tasks. Poorly designed workstations as well as heavy manual lifting and moving tasks contributed as likely main causes for low back pain. Proposed solutions included an improved layout for the manual packing, auto-bagging and bulk packing workstations, job redesign of the on-line inspector, as well as job rotation among the different product lines.


Process Automation Control System (PACS) requires high reliability because it processes hazerdous materials, which are often explosive and toxic. PACS has been mainly using 4-20mA analog communication overlaying on power supply because of its high reliablity. This analog communication needs one line to transmit to single value and it is uni-directional. Brand new PACS introduces field bus network for communication between control systems and sensors. It is bi-directional digital communication and achieves to share a communication line with some devices. So far PACS mainly uses wired communication but demand for wireless communication increases due to the cost merit. The purpose of wireless communication is mainly monitoring at this moment. Some users expect to extends it to more critical purpose such asI/Os of control loops.


Network Sniffer Technology is unparalleled on analyzing network flux, looking out malfunction of network and solving failure of it. But at the same time, it also brings a lot of hidden trouble to network safety. This essay is trying to make some analysis on the theory of Network Sniffer Technology and try to find some way to check and keep it away.


It was found that N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylmethylenediamine reacted with a number of dihalides to form the corresponding cyclic quaternary ammonium compound and dimethylamine hydrohalide. The process involves a Menschutkin reaction with fragmentation of N,N-dimethylmethyleneamine followed by a second Menschutkin reaction to form a cyclic compound. The reaction proceeds best in a polar solvent and the yields are moderate to good.


Dance and music, like language, are universal in human cultures. Components of these capacities may be present in analogue forms in other species. In earlier periods of human evolution, dance, singing, percussive and instrumental music, mimicry, acting, protolanguage, and language were likely blended into everyday social communication, with active participation by all group members. This context may be helpful in understanding the brain basis of these capacities in current humans. I will illustrate this in a discussion of recent findings on the brain basis of performances such as dancing, call/response singing, harmonization, improvisational singing and speaking, sight-singing duets, playing memorized piano pieces, conducting, and the discrimination of phrasing, tempo, and meter.


Layout optimization of steel frames with steel plate walls (SPWs) using a meta‐heuristic search algorithm is the main aim of the present study. SPWs are lateral load‐resisting systems, especially against earthquake excitation. These systems offer significant advantages in terms of cost, performance and ease of design compared with other systems. In this study, orthotropic membrane model is used to model the behaviour of steel plate shear walls. The newly developed bat algorithm, which is based on the echolocation behaviour of bats, is employed as the present study optimizer. Design variables of the optimization problem consist of the cross sections of beams and columns of the frame, the web plate thicknesses of SPWs and the placement of SPW in the frame. The bat algorithm performs suitable selection of sections from the AISC wide‐flange (W) shapes list. Strength constraints of the American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design and displacement constraints are checked during the optimization process. The results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimization of steel frames with SPWs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A new formulation of lattice dynamics especially suitable for transition metals and compounds is presented. Calculation of the phonon dispersion in $4d$ bcc metals and alloys based on it reproduce all the anomalies observed in inelastic-neutron-scattering experiments. The physical origin of the anomalies is discussed in detail.


In order to shorten the time to develop a hydroelectric project at the Corps of Engineers Hannibal Lock and Dam on the Ohio River for the City of New Martinsville, West Virginia, a turnkey construction contract was used. The contract specified physical modeling. Two fixed bed models were required, built at scales of 1:120 and 1:40. In addition, dynamic similitude had to be achieved in both models. The model testing required a number of modifications to the conceptual design in order to meet the required hydraulic performance criteria. These modifications were then transferred into the prototype design which was being done at the same time.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' use of nonpharmacological methods for school-age children's postoperative pain relief.

DESIGN AND METHODS
A survey was conducted in 2008 with a convenience sample of 134 registered nurses from 7 pediatric wards in Singapore.

RESULTS
Nurses who were younger, had less education, lower designation, less working experience, and no children of their own used nonpharmacological methods less frequently.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Nurses need training and education on nonpharmacological pain relief methods, particularly on methods that have been shown to be effective in prior research but that were less often used by nurses in this study: massage, thermal regulation, imagery, and positive reinforcement.


The efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth (Protect IT ®) was tested for the control of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a metallic silo of Matanzas province, Cuba. A random design was arranged and three groups were evaluated: Protect IT (90 % of diatomaceous earth), a positive control (Actellic CE 50) and an untreated control. The diatomaceous earth and Actellic were evaluated at 9.0 kg PC. ton - 1 and 12.0 ml. ton - 1 , respectively. The dose of Diatomaceous Earth tested showed insecticide activity with 100 % mortality percentage during the first 60 days, without statistical differences with the Actellic insecticide. After three months, the insect mortality was 60 %, with statistical differences with the chemical insecticide. The results suggest the potentialities of Diatomaceous Earth (Protect IT ®) as an alternative for management of S. zeamais in metallic silos and for reducing the use of chemicals in corn grain storage.


The surface warships feature one of the worst electromagnetic environment. Therefore, the fact that more and more antennas are equipped on existing surface warships which renders the problem of EMC is summerized in this paper. Then, the isolation between Communications jamming equipments and Communication Radio Stations and the interference power in Communication Radio Stations from the Communications jamming equipments are analysed. Next, some improved measures are put forward,these measures can partly resolve the EMC problem. Finally, this paper expounds that it is necessary to equip the Communications jamming equipments on battleship. At the same time, EMC is a systemic problem and should be considered during integrated design and be cooperated with Multi-Party.


The working principles of pressure resistance sensor and it's superior performances are introduced.Combined high-performance enlarged circuit with compensation circuit,the circuit is designed to test clothing pressure. It offers the foundation to objectively evaluate the comfortabilily of clothing pressure.


Modern Neural Architecture Search (NAS) focuses on finding the best performing architectures in hardware-aware settings; e.g., those with an optimal tradeoff of accuracy and latency. Due to many advantages of prediction models over live measurements, the search process is often guided by estimates of how well each considered network architecture performs on the desired metrics. Typical prediction models range from operation-wise lookup tables over gradient-boosted trees and neural networks, with little known information on how they compare. We evaluate 18 different performance predictors on ten combinations of metrics, devices, network types, and training tasks, and find that MLP models are the most promising. We then simulate and evaluate how the guidance of such prediction models affects the subsequent architecture selection. Due to inaccurate predictions, the selected architectures are generally suboptimal, which we quantify as an expected reduction in accuracy and hypervolume. We show that simply verifying the predictions of just the selected architectures can lead to substantially improved results. Under a time budget, we find it preferable to use a fast and inaccurate prediction model over accurate but slow live measurements. Code and results are available at https://github.com/cogsys-tuebingen/NASLib


La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-δ (LSMO) films have a large temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR: defined as 1/R dR/dT) at near room temperature. Bi0.34La0.33Sr0.33MnO3-δ (BLSMO) film in which La in LSMO is substituted by Bi, was deposited at low temperature, 400°C, by a laser ablation method. The BLSMO film on the SiO2/Si (100) substrate is polycrystalline without any preferred orientations. The low-temperature deposition and the Bi substitution eliminate the Curie temperature of the BLSMO film, and raise its TCR. The film has a large TCR, more than 2%/K, in the wide temperature range of 10–150°C.


We studied the results of new technical method, transurethral bladder neck resection, for male patients with bladder neck obstruction. During the procedure 3 and 9 o'clock of proximal urethra were not resected in order to preserve the voiding mechanism. The results of the above method in 8 patients were compared to the conventional method of total resection of proximal urethra performed in 11 patients. It was revealed that the average urinary flow rate and maximal urinary flow rate were superior in the former (p<0. 05). Improvement of residual urine rate also seemed better with our new method.


We define 2-critically finite maps of ${\bf P}^2$ and show that they have no nontrivial closed backward invariant sets. In particular, their Julia sets $J_1$, defined as the support of a natural invariant measure, are equal to ${\bf P}^2$. We also prove that repelling periodic points are dense for such maps.


Scientific Writing describes the application programming in Visual Basic to the work activities of administration and Microsoft Access 2003 as its storage media, where all their activities affect the school administration. This application is intended for data processing at the School of Business Administration kindergarten. Aisyiyah Bustanul Atfhal 9 Depok, so this data can be stored so that it can be used as checking if there are any errors. In order to produce a better view, then this program is created using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. Also in this study also explained about the making of the application programs and their application in the compute.


We give explicit expressions for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of some tridiagonal matrices with non-constant diagonal entries. Our techniques are based on the theory of recurrent sequences.


Introduction. Motivation and objectives. State-of-the-art. Outline of main contributions. Overview of the book. A Survey of Previous Work on Conditional Events. Implicative Boolean algebras and Lewis' triviality result. Division of events. Three-valued logic. Coset form of conditional events. Logical operations among conditional events. Notes. Derivation of Conditional Events. Generalities. Conditioning operators. Conditional events. Logical Operations on Conditional Events. The extension problem. Conditional logical operations. An order relation and related concepts. Connections with three-valued logic. Comparison of various systems of logical operators. Connection with qualitative probability. Algebraic Structure of Conditional Events. Basic algebraic properties. An abstraction of the space of conditional events. Semi-simple MV-algebras. Conditional Events and Probability. Uncertainty measures on conditionals. Conditional probability evaluations. Random conditional objects. Qualitative conditional independence. Conditional Probability Logic. Essentials of probability logic. Syntax and basic properties. Truth conditional semantics. Additional properties of CPL. Fuzzy Conditionals. Generalities on fuzziness. Fuzzy logics. Syntax representation of fuzzy sets. Fuzzy conditionals. Probability qualification. Iterated fuzzy conditionals. Iterated Conditioning and Miscellaneous Issues. Iterated conditioning. Non-monotonic logics on conditionals. Operations on cosets of regular rings. Miscellaneous issues and open problems. References and Bibliography. Subject Index.


• Study investigating the role of religion in sustainable urban transformation • 67 interviews with representatives of religious communities and urban actors of sustainable change • Most of the interviewees justify their interest in ecological issues in scientific and/ or social terms • Mostly «theoretical» knowledge that environmental protection and religion belong together, but often only partly passed on by religious communities • Local religious communities are on average less committed to the environment than their regional or national umbrella organizations • Cooperation between different denominations and religions, but also with non-religious partners, should be initiated more often. The willingness to participate exists on both sides, usually only the "first step" is missing.


SUMMARY Two native Egyptian goat breeds: Baladi and Zaraibi were genetically analyzed using three microsatellite markers: INRA005; ILSTS005 and ILSTS087. The results showed that all the microsatellites studied were polymorphic and gave 6, 5 and 8 alleles respectively. The overall heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.9 and 0.755 indicating the presence of high genetic diversity. In the two breeds, low inbreeding rates was observed (mean FIS= -0.114) within the breeds. Genetic differentiation between breeds was moderate with a mean FST value of (4.593). Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were noted for most of the loci. The clusters obtained on the phylogenetic tree generated from Nei's genetic distance matrix agreed with the geographic origin of the breed. The time of divergence in Zaraibi and Baladi breeds was estimated to be 71 generations (284 years). The two breeds showed high degree of admixture. The study analyzed the population structure of these two breeds and contributed to the knowledge and genetic characterization of the Egyptian native goat breeds (Baladi and Zaraibi). In addition, the microsatellites recommended by ISAG proved to be useful for the biodiversity studies in Egyptian goat breeds. Due to the polymorphism observed, the three microsatellites studied could be fruitfully used in paternity tests. Moreover, they could be employed for further researches on mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection and subsequently marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs.


Engineered woods, such as particle board and medium density fiberboard (MDF), are common within the furniture industry as each provides an inexpensive alternative to solid wood construction. Although the physical performance of particle board and MDF is adequate for furniture applications, there are significant legislative drivers for safer structural core materials to limit the emission of volatile organic compounds. The most common resins are urea formaldehyde (UF) or methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), typically constituting between 7% and 10% of the final product's total mass, which emit toxic volatiles either during or post production. These resins instituted in the production of traditional engineered wood products (UF, MDI) have recently A Formaldehyde-Free, Sustainable Alternative for the Engineered Wood Industry


Modified polypropylene(PP) with diphenylmethyene bismaleimide was reinforced with long glass fiber(LGF) by melting impregnating equipment.The influence of injection screw speed and pressure on the length of glass fiber,mechanical properties and heat distortion temperature(HDT) of LGF reinforced PP was studied.The flexural strength and HDT did not change much as molding parameters changed.However,as screw speed increased,the length of glass fiber decreased while the impact strength of LGF reinforced PP firstly decreased and subsequently increased.


The economic agents depicted in conventional economic models bear little resemblance to real human beings. When held up against the psychological and social complexities of real people, these stylized figures, so-called producers and consumers, are seen to be Flatlanders at best, lacking in most essential dimensions of humanity. Real people care about other people, make tradeoffs between many types of goods and nonmarket experiences, endeavor to think well of themselves in spite of all evidence to the contrary, engage in selfdeception, make logical errors, and find many types of choices difficult or unpleasant. In fact it seems rather fortuitous that simple behavioral models such as utility maximization and expected utility maximization often yield reasonable predictions of real economic behavior. When inconsistencies do arise between the optimizing behavior of economic stick figures and the choices made by real human beings, it should be obvious that the first place to look for an explanation is in shortcomings of the behavioral model rather than in the human beings. For most economists, the difficult thing is not to admit that the stick figures who inhabit conventional models are pitiful distortions of real people. The difficult thing is to find fruitful ways of extending the conventional models to make them more realistic. One of the more successful applications of psychology to economics has been the Akerlof and Dickens paper on cognitive dissonance. The psychological premise that people have a need to think well of themselves is shown to imply that workers in unsafe occupations will tend to bias downward their subjective assessments of the probabilityy of injury. They do this in order to sustain the belief that they are not stupid to be there. The paper is successful because it does three things. First, it identifies a bona fide psychological response which is


This paper discussed the installation problems and how they were minimized by the use of flexible pipe for the entire pipeline system. This project was the first application of the "lazy wave" configuration of the dynamic flexible riser to a tanker. The composite structure of the flexible pipe and riser, and their manufacturing and installation are presented.


When Students Don't Benefit From Attention Guidance in Animations: The Role of Working Memory in Learning From Animations Irene T. Skuballa (email@example.com) Rolf Schwonke (email@example.com) Alexander Renkl (email@example.com) University of Freiburg, Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Engelbergerstr. 41, 79085 Freiburg, Germany meaningful learning that requires learners to actively select and organize relevant information in order to integrate it into existing schemata in long-term memory can be impeded. Motivated by possible disadvantages of animations, design factors have been proposed that aim at guiding learners' visual attention (Ayres & Paas, 2007). We tested two promising ways of fostering attention guidance to relevant information in animations, namely instructional guidance by giving verbal instruction prior to the presentation of the animation and visual guidance by blurring out irrelevant information in the animation. In addition, we investigated the influence of working memory (WM) capacity on learning from animations with these two types of attention guidance. Abstract The present study examined how students' working memory capacity influences learning from animations with or without guidance. We tested three different conditions: visual guidance, instructional guidance, and no guidance. The results show that especially visual guidance was perceived as being helpful for making references between narration and display of an animation. However, students without guidance outperformed both groups of students with guidance on a domain-specific knowledge test. A significant interaction between type of guidance and working memory capacity revealed that visual guidance impeded learning in students with high working memory capacity, whereas instructional guidance impeded learning in students with low working memory capacity. Our results suggest that working memory capacity is an important learner variable that should be taken into account to understand intervention effects and to customize learning environments to learners' needs. Guidance in animations Keywords: learning; working memory capacity; animation. Instruction Introduction Animations can make unseen movements, interrelationships, and interdependencies or "difficult-to-see" particles and components in a system visible and thus accessible to comprehension. Animation can be defined as "a pictorial display that changes its structure or other properties over time and which triggers the perception of a continuous change" (Schnotz & Lowe, 2008, p. 304). This definition also pertains to dynamic visualizations, for example, presentations of how a technical device works or how a complex object is assembled. After a long line of research, nowadays there is no doubt that well-designed animations are helpful tools for fostering learning and transfer in different domains (Hoffler & Leutner, 2007; Linn, Chang, Chiu, Zhang, & McElhaney, 2011). Disadvantages of animations in the context of learning are grounded in their transitory and simultaneous nature. First, the presentation of entities in an animation is time-limited and subject to transience. This can hamper processing of important pieces of information, especially when the learner has not paid immediate attention to the relevant animated parts. Second, the simultaneity that characterizes one of animations' advantages for learning is potentially also a pitfall. When a series of events takes place at the same time, learners' limited capacities may be overwhelmed. Hence, Providing instructions on how to select and integrate information that is presented in different modes can have a positive effect on learners' attention allocation and, thus, on learning processes. Instructions can be given before rather than during the presentation of a certain learning environment in order to avoid interference with the display of the learning contents during the actual learning phase. On the other hand, processes of recalling and maintaining the instructions during learning may "bind" WM capacities. In the context of multiple external representations, instructing learners on the functional relationships between representations can foster learning outcomes by guiding visual attention (Schwonke, Berthold, & Renkl, 2009). Gopher, Weil, and Siegel (1989) argue that mere prolonged exposure to a complex and dynamic task does not necessarily improve a learner's performance. Instead, a complex task should be decomposed into subcomponents, and the focus of attention should be changed according to these predefined subcomponents. Computer game players who received instructions to focus on single sub-tasks—for example, first ship control and then mine handling— outperformed players without any instructions to change their focus (Gopher et al., 1989). When following these instructions, "by a systematic manipulation of emphasis on different task subelements, subjects were led to explore a


--Thin film rigid disks are evolving to higher and higher coercivities to satisfy the demand for higher recording densities with the current state of the art at about 1450 Oe. The conventional acicular particulate co-modified media fall far short in performance compared with the very high coercivity thin film media. Longitudinally oriented Ba-ferrite particulate media, however, can attain essentially the same high density performance characteristics, even though thei~ magnetization and coerci vi ty are much lower and their thickness is much greater than those of the thin film media. In this study we compared the high density recording performance of state of the art thin film and Ba-ferrite particulate 95mm rigid disk media and found them to be comparable up to 1500 fcmm linear densities. This exceptional performance of the Ba-ferrite particulates derives from their superior remanence characteristics due to ~he st 7 0ng magnetosta~ic interaction between the platelet-shaped particles which the media with extremely small switching field distributions.


With the developments of internet technologies, dealing with a mass of law cases urgently and assigning classification cases automatically are the most basic and critical steps. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has been shown to be effective for text classification. To better apply CNNs into law text classification, this paper presents a new semi-supervised Convolutional Neural Networks (SSC) framework. Our method combines unlabeled data with a small labeled training set to train better models, and then integrates into a supervised CNN. More specifically, for effective use of word order for text categorization, we use the feature of not low-dimensional word vectors but high-dimensional text data, that is, a small text regions is learned based on sequences of one-hot vectors. To better improve the prediction accuracy of the scheme, we seek effective use of unlabeled data for text categorization for integration into a supervised CNN. We compare the proposed scheme to state-of-the-art methods by the real datasets. The results demonstrate that the semi-supervised learning model can get best text classification accuracy.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the capital structure determinants through an analysis of 74 All-Equity REITs listed in the US market from 2005 to 2014. Furthermore, the paper aims at understanding the impact of the financial economic crisis (FEC) among the identified explanatory variables. Design/methodology/approach - A fixed effect panel regression model is performed based on Trade-off Theory (TOT) and Pecking Order Theory as a starting point to provide expectations on the relationships incurring among the identified variables. Findings - First, while tangibility of assets and crisis evidenced a positive relationship with REITs' financial leverage, operating risk and growth opportunities variables displayed a negative relationship. Meanwhile, size and profitability did not appear to influence the capital structure. Second, it appears that the positive effects of tangibility of assets and profitability variables on US REITs' capital structure increased as a consequence of the FEC. Operating risk and growth opportunities variables slightly increased their negative relationship with US REITs' capital structure after the FEC. The TOT prevails when explaining the economic reality underlying US REITs. Practical implications - The paper contributes to the understanding of US REITs' financing decisions within the US market. The FEC also had a substantial indirect impact on the financial leverage determinants of US REITs, the latter being nowadays more oriented to maintaining a flexible capital structure. Originality/value - The paper provides a comprehensive view of the medium-term effect of the FEC on US REITs' capital structure.


WHEN ONE THINKS of arguments for God's existence which SL Thomas Aquinas records with appr01;al, one thinks of a posteriori arguments. Aquinas disapproves of, and argues against1 the a priori argument of St. Anselm; forcefully and conclusively, in my view. Moreover, the a posteriori arguments one thinks of are arguments whose point of departure is some fact or other observed in the world of sense experience, at least to some extent: the fact of motion, the fact of an order of efficient causes, things for which it is possible to be and not to be, the graded perfections of things, the fact that things without knowledge (natural bodies) act for an end. And not only that, one thinks quite immediately, and most often only, of the Summa Theologiae, I, q. ~.a. 3, the locus of the Five Ways; sometimes, though considerably less often, one also thinks of the Summa contra Gentiles, Bk. I, ch. 13. Maritain, in describing his own Sixth Way, which he regards as an addition to the Five Ways which Aquinas records in the Summa Theologiae, is careful to point out wherein it differs from the Five. One of the points of difference which he emphasizes is the fact that his Sixth Way is not based on a fact observed in any way in the world of sense experience. It is based, rather, on a peculiar intuition, an intuition intimately connected with an intellectual experience of intellectual experience, with an " experience of the proper life of the intellect." 1 It is during such an experience, Maritain notes, that the intuition on which his Sixth Way is based occurs, the intuition that I, this thinking I, have always existed.2 And so, whereas the arguments which Aquinas records begin in this way: there exist things in motion


The privately-owned economy in Suzhou is still at its initial stage of development, and is hampered by such factors as the hysteresis of concepts, insufficient number of privately-owned enterprises, the difficulty to be in the trade and the imperfection of the system and organization. To promote the development of privately-owned economy in Suzhou, we must gain a correct understanding of the nature and characteristics of the initial stage of socialist construction, change our old concepts, handle well the relationship between number of privately-owned enterprises and their quality, create an environment favorable to the development of privately-owned economy. And it is also necessary to regulate and control the economy.


The es t e rase Es tu3 ' , involved in inseclicide resist;lncc, h a s rcccnlly been cloned froni Sri 1,ankan Culex c ~ ~ i i i ~ q ~ i c ~ f i l s ~ i c ~ . L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'l'hc Estct2' and ISst~2' genes are co-ampliliecl on the sanlc sL~:ctcl~ of' L3NA (ampl ioon) . Ttestriction fragment Icngth polyn~orphism a ~ l a l y s i s of t h e e s t e r a s e s o r severa l Culex s t r a i n s wi th a range of e n z y ~ n d s showed a n inva r i an t restr ict ion f r agment map between s t r a ins . The r e s u l t s a r e not a t var iance wi th t h e hypothesis t h a t amplification of Estrx2l and Es tb2 ' occurred only oncc a n d the11 spread worldwide.