[Objective] In order to screen and identify endophytic bacteria with nitrogen fixation and pathogen inhibition functions,21 endophytic bacteria were isolated from Polygonum viviparum on the Eastern Qilian Mountains in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China.[Methods] Nitrogen fixation endophytic bacteria were identified by the 16S rRNA genes sequences analysis,physiological and biochemical characterization.[Results] The results show that 28.6% endophytic bacteria of Polygonum viviparum could fix nitrogen and 76.2% had strong antagonistic against plant pathogen,furthermore,23.8% endophytic bacteria inhibited more than 5 plant pathogen.Strain Z19 had strong ability of nitrogen fixation and decomposing-cellulose.The cellulase activity was 0.31 U,and ratio of the diameter of lysis zone to colony diameter was up to 3.33.Furthermore,strain Z19 inhibited pathogenic fungi,such as Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Botrytis cinerea,Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria solani.Through PCR amplification and sequencing,the sequence of nifH gene and 16S rRNA gene were obtained and they were registered in GenBank(accession numbers were EU693340 and EU236746,respectively).Strain Z19 is rod,Gram-positive,and produce spore.Based on the physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis,Z19 was identified as Bacillus subtilis.[Conclusion] The study provides new insights for the exploration and utilization of promoting growth and antagonistic endophytic bacteria in alpine grassland.


Broadband circular polarizer based on nanophotonic metamaterial helices is designed and effect of the helical phase between intertwined helices is studied. The proposed structure increases the average extinction ratio above fifty percent.


Middleware is a software layer located between software (operating system) and hardware (physical). This layer is flexible, where middleware can be built with a variety of features for many functions or even spesific tasks. Typically, middleware used in distributed system for software development. In this paper, the middleware created using Python parallel programming language and will be planted on Raspberry Pi 3. To help people learning IoT for basic, we create console apps for send and receiving command line data to access sensor or actuator. This middleware serves to translate a line of commands used to run or access the various features contained in IoT module. For the time efficiency of program function execution, multiprocessing or multithreading is used in Python. The multiprocessing or multithreading used in Python is expected to create middleware with distributed process for more efficient processor, to provide heterogeneity access of sensor or actuator, more simply hardware interfacing and to enhance collaboration between application and hardware. At the last, we compare multiprocessing and multithreading for CPU bond and memory usage.


Cost‐effective expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) remains a key challenge for their widespread clinical deployment. Fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) is a key hMSC mitogen often supplemented to increase hMSC growth rates. However, hMSCs also produce endogenous FGF‐2, which critically interacts with cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). We assessed the interplay of FGF‐2 with a heparan sulfate variant (HS8) engineered to bind FGF‐2 and potentiate its activity. Bone marrow‐derived hMSCs were screened in perfused microbioreactor arrays (MBAs), showing that HS8 (50 μg/ml) increased hMSC proliferation and cell number after 3 days, with an effect equivalent to FGF‐2 (50 ng/ml). In combination, the effects of HS8 and FGF‐2 were additive. Differential cell responses, from upstream to downstream culture chambers under constant flow of media in the MBA, provided insights into modulation of FGF‐2 transport by HS8. HS8 treatment induced proliferation mainly in the downstream chambers, suggesting a requirement for endogenous FGF‐2 accumulation, whereas responses to FGF‐2 occurred primarily in the upstream chambers. Adding HS8 along with FGF‐2, however, maximized the range of FGF‐2 effectiveness. Measurements of FGF‐2 in static cultures then revealed that this was because HS8 caused increased endogenous FGF‐2 production and liberated FGF‐2 from the cell surface into the supernatant. HS8 also sustained levels of supplemented FGF‐2 available over 3 days. These results suggest HS8 enhances hMSC proliferation and expansion by leveraging endogenous FGF‐2 production and maximizing the effect of supplemented FGF‐2. This is an exciting strategy for cost‐effective expansion of hMSCs. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1178–1190


The fatigue behavior and other mechanical properties are influenced by the maximum inclusion in steel. Two methods relating statistics of extremes, i.e., statistics of extreme values (SEV) and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) are adopted to estimate the maximum inclusion size and the fatigue strength of 42CrMo steel. Comparing with the experimental results, it shows that the estimated results of the two methods are in according with the experimental results. And it also shows that the estimations of the SEV method are more close to the experimental result in small volume of steel.


The topographic effect has long been recognized as one of problems for quantitative remote sensing. The paper compares the correction results of OLI data based on C model, Cosine model, SCS model, Minnaert model and pixel-based Minnaert Correction Method. The visual inspection, statistical analysis and regression analysis of images were used to analyze the results before and after correction of image. The results show that the C model has a better correction effect. The Cosine model and SCS model were significantly overcorrected. However, C model, Minnaert model and slope-based Minnaert model weakened the influence of terrain. By comparative analysis, the C correction method was optimal model for OLI image.


A BN2O network is a two level belief net in which the parent interactions are modeled using the noisy-or interaction model. In this paper we discuss application of the SPI local expression language to efficient inference in large BN2O networks. In particular, we show that there is significant structure, which can be exploited to improve over the Quickscore result. We further describe how symbolic techniques can provide information which can significantly reduce the computation required for computing all cause posterior marginals. Finally, we present a novel approximation technique with preliminary experimental results.


Although shoulder surgery is usually performed during general anesthesia, the use of an interscalene block alone or in combination with other anesthetic procedures is increasing. Blockade of the suprascapular nerve is used in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder pain and to provide temporary relief from muscle spasm or strain in the supraspinatus or infraspinatus muscle. We report a case of a patient that presented with severe shoulder pain who underwent surgery for traumatic humeral head fracture. Anesthesia was provided by an interscalene block follwing suprascapular nerve block.


Objective: Complement proteins have been associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. Recent data suggest a potential role of complement protein C3 in clot stability with hypofi...


This paper looks at the various types of nominalization in Thulung Rai, an endangered language of Eastern Nepal, and traces the use of the nominalizer for a variety of functions throughout the language.


[1] The frequently irregular behavior of dissonance in American folk and popular music, at least in comparison with classical norms, has been problematic for analysts working with this repertoire.(2) Popular styles present a number of dissonance types that cannot be explained by conventional tonal theory and still require examination. This article represents a small step in that direction. Although conventional dissonant passing tones, neighbor tones, and, to a lesser extent, suspensions are common in this repertoire, I do not explore them in any detail here. Instead, this article examines other forms of dissonance treatment that function outside of classical norms. It explores dissonance as it relates to melodic modes, triads with added notes, non-tonic harmonies, and the interactions between them.[2] The primary sources for this study are recordings, and the focus is on those made between the 1920s, when record companies began to record American folk and popular music extensively, and the early 1940s. These years coincide with the dates that the two most authoritative and exhaustive discographies on early blues and country music stop their listings: Dixon, Godrich, and Rye's Blues and Gospel Records, 1890-1943 documents recordings primarily by black musicians, and Tony Russell's Country Music Records: A Discography, 1921-1942 documents recordings primarily by white musicians.(3) Some of the recordings are from the "race record" and "hillbilly record" series of the 20s, 30s, and early 40s-others are non-commercial recordings from the Archive of American Folk Song of the Library of Congress. Three of the later examples in this study (Examples 14, 16, and 17) are transcriptions of recordings made after the time frame outlined above, and represent a tentative step toward applying the theoretical principles explored here to later genres. My principal methodology is a close examination of what Schenkerians term the foreground, but I also discuss ways in which the interaction between mode and harmony influences the large-scale structure of a strophe or other section, and the perception of its tension and resolution. All of the transcriptions are transposed to C for the sake of comparison. Most of the transcriptions represent the verse of a strophic song. Others are transcriptions of verses from songs that are nearly strophic, but that display more melodic variation from verse to verse, and in such cases I indicate the specific verse transcribed.[3] In this repertoire, the three primary harmonies-the major tonic, subdominant, and dominant-are the main building blocks for progressions.(4) Those harmonies alone make up the progressions of many of the most productive blues schemes, the most well-known and productive of which is the standard twelve-bar blues scheme. A blues scheme is a musical framework that musicians view as a sort of public musical resource for generating new songs. All of the songs transcribed in this article are realizations of blues schemes. Table 1 lists the twelve-bar schemes cited, and Table 2 lists the eight-, nine-, and ten-bar schemes cited. Tables 1 and 2 show harmonic progressions for schemes in which the harmonic pattern is primary, but no progressions for schemes in which the melodic structure is primary.Table 1. List of twelve-bar schemes citedTable 2. List of eight-, nine-, and ten-bar schemes citedExample 1. a) Stable note with dropping and hanging thirds; b) tonic triad with dropping and hanging thirds around and ; c) tonic triad with stepwise neighbors around and ; d) functioning as the hanging third to and the upper neighbor to ; e) functioning as the lower neighbor to and the dropping third to[4] Dissonance arises within the melodic mode itself, through the relationship of the mode to the underlying harmony, and through the relationship of the non-tonic harmonies to the tonic. In this repertoire, the tonic triad is most often major. …


Nobody is sure whether Friedrich Nietzsche read the main texts of Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of man (1871). However, in his works, the criticism of the main concepts established by the English biologist are widely spread: the struggle for existence, the natural selection, the sexual selection and the moral development from the instincts of sympathy. There is strong evidence that Nietzsche knew the Darwinian evolution theory through indirect scientific readings, mainly through the writings of the neo-Lamarckian biologists Carl L. Rutimeyer, Wilhelm Roux, and W. Rolph, and the physicist Johann K. F. Zoellner. Nietzsche found many opposite notions to Darwin's ideas in these authors and, in some cases any modifications of them. While transferring these ideas to his thought, the German philosopher uses them, along with his own ideas to construct the fundamental concepts of his philosophy, like for example, the will to power (Wille zur Macht). This article focuses the criticism that Nietzsche throws against the natural selection and its consequences for the Nietzschean philosophical thought.


Persistent pain is an underreported morbidity after cardiac surgery. We sent pain surveys to all patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery from 1997 to 1999 from a single surgeon's experience. Two analgesia strategies were used: high thoracic epidural (HTEA) or IV and oral opiates (OPIOID) for 48–72 h after surgery. Persistent pain was defined as pain still present two or more months after surgery, and all questions referred to the time of survey only. From 356 questionnaires, 305 patients responded, and 61 of them refused consent, leaving 244 patients with complete surveys (HTEA, 150 patients [69%]; OPIOID, 94 patients [68%]). The incidence of persistent pain at any site was 29% and for sternotomy was 25%. The intensity of pain reported was mild, with only 7% reporting interference with daily living. Other common locations of persistent pain were the shoulders (17.4%), back (15.9%), and neck (5.8%). Twenty patients (8%) described symptoms suggestive of the internal mammary artery syndrome. A comparative audit of the HTEA and OPIOID groups showed no significant differences in the frequency or intensity of pain, although the time of survey from operation was longer in the OPIOID group. Mild persistent chest pain after sternotomy is common but infrequently interferes with daily life.


A seventy-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance and egg quality of laying hen fed heat treated sheep manure (HSM) based diets supplemented with Roxazyme G enzyme. Seven experimental layer diets were formulated with oven-dried HSM such that diets 2, 4 and 6 contained 5%, 10% and 15% HSM without enzyme supplementation respectively. Diets 3, 5 and 7 contained 5%, 10% and 15% HSM supplemented with 100mg Roxazyme enzyme per kilogram weight of feed respectively. Diet 1 (control) contained 0% sheep manure. Two hundred and fifty-two (252) 35 weeks old (Black Nera Strain) birds were divided into seven groups of thirty-six birds each and randomly assigned to the seven dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment was replicated three times with twelve birds/replicate. Results showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in weight gain, feed conversion ratio and egg quality characteristics of laying hens fed HSM diets (with or without enzyme) but for percentage yolk and egg yolk colour where significant (P<0.05) differences existed. Hen day egg and total egg production significantly decreased with increase in HSM inclusion. However, enzyme supplementation significantly (P<0.05) enhanced hen-day and total egg production. Supplementation of HSM diets with exogenous enzyme significantly (P<0.05) reduced the feed intake of the birds at all levels of HSM inclusion. The results also indicated that laying hens could tolerate up to 10% unsupplemented HSM diets without any deleterious effects on weight gain, hen day, and total egg production, thus making HSM a potential feed stuff for laying hens. It's utilization at up to 15% dietary level in laying hens diets is achievable with enzyme supplementation.


We study the rate-distortion region for a functional source coding problem. In the given source coding scenario, an encoder receives a noisy observation X̃ of source X and describes that source to the decoder. The decoder uses the encoder's description of X̃ and its own noisy observation Ỹ of side-information Y to approximate some desired function f(X, Y ). The functional rate-distortion function describes the optimal trade-off between rate and distortion in the given coding framework. We begin by generalizing the functional rate-distortion function to networks with noise-corrupted observations of the source and side information. Then, we use rate loss as a tool for approximating the functional rate-distortion function and measure the impact of the noise and side information on the rate-distortion performance.


DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. ABSTRACT The Varra Coal Ash Project (Varra Project) is an ongoing study to determine the feasibility of using coal ash to reclaim flooded, gravel mine quarries in Weld County, Colorado. The use of coal ash as fill in saturated environments is discouraged by most regulatory agencies, and there are few studies documenting the affects of coal ash in wet systems. Nearly four years were required to obtain the required permits for conducting this field scale study to assess potential impacts of large-scale coal ash reclamation on groundwater resources. The field scale study consisted of placing 400 tons of two types of class F coal ash in a trench excavated to seven feet below the water table at the Varra gravel quarry near Longmont, Colorado. The trench was immediately adjacent to the quarry pond proposed for reclamation. The State of Colorado and Weld County approved the permits required to conduct the field study, based on column leaching studies and local surface and groundwater investigation results and safeguards implemented for the project. The trench was divided into two ash cells measuring 10 feet in width, 45 feet in length and 11 feet in depth. A 15-foot native soil divider was left between the ash cells. Twelve groundwater monitoring wells were installed up, cross and downgradient of the ash deposit. Two monitoring wells were installed within the trench to monitor water quality of the pore waters within the ash. Groundwater monitoring wells were placed downgradient of the coal ash trench at a spacing of 10, 25, 45, 50 (point of compliance (POC) distance) and 120 feet. Groundwater monitoring was conducted weekly …


The paper discusses,in the qualitybenefit concept by ZHU Rongji, Premier of the State Council, the measures to be taken in the improvement of working and living environment in a scientific and technological way.


Machinery for tea plantation farming management is the key and difficult points of the tea production mechanization,the article describes the Research in this field at home and abroad on the group newly developed smallscale farming machinery orientation and job characteristics,and promoting China tea plantation farming mechanization policies and measures.


Between adjacent vertebral prosthesis for insertion between the vertebrae, in one embodiment, it includes an upper and a lower plate (10, 12), and Lee Dongsik core 14. Prosthesis plates and optionally the core is formed of a replicon aryl ether ketone (PAEK) which improves the image characteristics. Metal insertion portion 20 is provided on each of the PAEK prosthesis plate, there is provided a bone growth surface.


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fair value accounting of noncurrent assets and audit fees in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is a kind of applied-correlational research. Data were collected by using reported information in the financial statements of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. In order to realize the study objectives, five hypotheses have been developed. The statistical samples included 60 companies during the five years period from 2009 to 2013. To analyze the data, Excel and Eviews 7 software have been used. To assess the hypotheses, regression, Hasmr and F Limer tests were used that the results of this research show that revaluation of the balance sheet, profits and losses and revaluation of cash flow statement to audit fees has a significant relationship.


Purpose:This study was designed to explore the value of transcranial color - coded duplex ultrasonography(TCCD) in diagnosis of arterial occlusions or stenosis among the cerebral infarction patients, and a comparison with computed tomography angiography(CTA) was performed.Methods:One hundred and twenty - five patients,who were clinically vertified as cerebral infarction,were examined by TCCD,including bilateral middle cerebral artery(MCA),anterior cerebral artery(ACA),posterior cerebral artery(PCA),posterior communicating artery(PcomA) and basilar artery.Based on the CDFI and Doppler signals of aforementioned intracranial arteries and the outcome of the extracranial carotid arteries and vertebral arteries,we could initially extract the etiological factors of cerebral infarction. Results:The abilities of ultrasound beam to penetrate the temporal bone were 90.8%(89 of 98) in males and 63.0%(17 of 27) in females,the differences were shown with significant.After eliminating 19 patients with insufficient temporal acoustic windows,among the 106 cerebral infarction patients with sufficient temporal acoustic windows,the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of TCCD in the diagnosis of arterial occlusions or stenosis were 90.6%(96 of 106),81.3%(39 of 48) and 98.3%(57 of 58),respec- tively.The positive predictive value was 97.5%(39 of 40) and negative predictive value was 86.4%(57 of 66) among the 106 patients.While the accuracy of CTA was 95.3%(101 of 106),sensitivity was 91.7%(44 of 48),specificity was 98.3%(57 of 58),positive predictive value was 97.8%(44 of 45),and negative predictive value was 93.4%(57 of 61).Conclusion:As a non-invasive and highly repeatable method,when the temporal acoustic windows were sufficient,TCCD enabled the better accuracy and the same specificity and positive predictive value with CTA for the assessment of intracranial occlusions or stenosis.It was possible to efficiently improve the diagnosis of intracranial occlusions or stenosis when combining TCCD with CTA.


Objective To summarize the clinical features, changing trend and mechanism of liver injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Methods We collected and analyzed the clinical and some laboratory data of 154 patients with SARS admitted to the isolation wards of Beijing Youan Hospital from March 11 to June 3, 2003. Serum IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,TNF-α were detected in 46 cases. Autopsy and pathological observations were performed in 3 deseased cases.Results Serum ALT level was elevated in 37.66% SARS patients during admission but turned to normal gradually within 3 weeks in most cases, serum albumin and bilirubin were elevated in 5.19% and 8.44% of SARS patients, respetively. The correlations between lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphate isoenzyme and ALT were 0.638 and 0.601, respectively. PaO 2 was lower than 10.64kPa in 84.48% of elevated ALT patients. but in 45.83% of patients with normal ALT. There was siginficant difference between these two groups (P0.01). The levels of IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10 in SARS patients were higher than those in the normal control group (P0.05~0.01). The levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with elevated ALT were higher than those with normal ALT(P0.05).Conclusion Liver damage occurs frequently in SARS patients having elevated serum ALT and non-specific hepatic inflammatory changes. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and anoxia are the major mechanisms involved in liver injury.


Based on the works of Chen(1975) and Michel(1987),this paper developed their results that error bounds for the approximation distribution of the aggregate claims of portfolio with dependent risks,then gave a numerical example.


This thesis discussed the problem and reason of the state-owned commercial bank's personal financial services, and put forward the counter-plan that how promotes the personal financial services of state-owned commercial bank.


In this paper, a mathematical model for growth of tumors with two discrete delays is studied. The delays respectively represents the time taken for cells to undergo mitosis and the time taken for the cell to modify the rate of cell loss due to apoptosis and kill of cells by the inhibitor. We show the in°uence of time delays on the Hopf bifurcation when one of delays is used as a bifurcation parameter.


In computations of synthetic seismograms for purposes of ground-motion studies, the absorption should be always taken into account. Otherwise, serious errors in the seismic hazard estimation can be made. Three main approaches for including absorption into synthetic seismograms are: (i) by complex velocities in the frequency domain, (ii) through stress-strain relations and equations of motion in the time domain, or (iii) by dissipation operators applied to the perfectly elastic solutions in the time or frequency domain. For the latter method, the wave field must be decomposed into elementary waves of known travel times. In Zahradnik e t al. (1990), an alternative method (iv) has been suggested recently, i.e., the approximate absorption correction similar to (iii), but applicable to the wave fields not decomposed into elementary waves. A need for such an approach is quite evident. For example, if the finite-difference method is used for generating a suite of synthetic ground motions with various absorption models, the (expensive) finite-difference code may be executed only once, without absorption, and then the approach (iv) may be repeatedly used. This idea has been put forward before (e.g., Boore et al., 1971; Zahradnik and Hron, 1987; Vidale and Helmberger, 1988). The intention of this note is to clarify some computational aspects of that simple technique (iv) and to prove its efficiency for ground-response analyses.


Several factors influence the altitudinal position of the climatic forest-limit. In addition to variations due to different "forest-limit" definitions, topographic factors are veryimportant. In Western Norway, a range of slope steepness between 10 and 60° has been found to result in a l 00 m difference. The differences between S and N aspect are regionally very variable. The difference is greatest (> 150 m) in the middle fjord areas of Western Norway. It decreases towards areas with an oceanic climate (coastal areas), and towards areas with increasing aridity (interior Fennoscandia). For different parts of Norway the altitudinal position of the forest limit is discussed in relation to four summer temperature variables, extracted from meteorological stations. The results support the i <.lea that the forest limit is mainly regulated by summer temperatures. Correlations between the altitudinal position of the forest limits and interpolated values of the different summer temperature variables indicate that maximum values rather than mea.'1 monthly temperatures a.re decisive. Tempera~ ture conditions at the forest limits are not constant all over Norway with regard to July mean or the mean temperature of the three warmest months. They show an increasing value towards oceanic areas. The July mean maximum and the mean maximum of the four warmest months at the forest limit are fairly constant everywhere. The Betula pubescens forest limit is significantly correlated with the isotherms of ,1_5.8:~~, for the mean maximum temperature of the warmest month (July), and of 13.2oC for the mean maximum temperature for the four warmest months (lune-September). Consequently, if the birch forest-limit is being used as a summer temperaturc indicator, mean maximum temperatures rather than mean temperatures should be applied.


In the present work we have studied the changes in the FWM signal response considering the modification in the longitudinal and transversal relaxation times T1 and T2, respectively. These changes are obtained considering three cases of rate between longitudinal and transversal relaxation times T1/T2, with three orders of magnitude between them: a) 0.1, b) 1 and c) 10. These modifications are applied to push-pull molecules, taking into account the valence-bond charge-transfer model. Moreover, we have taken into account the symmetric values of Vo = ± 1 (corresponding to the electronic energy gap between the states involved in the model). Notable changes in maximal intensity of the peaks belong to the FWM spectrum are observed with the variation in the ratio between the relaxation times.


The aim of the present thesis is to document the emergence and operation of elderly
care units, as a response to the phenomenon of increasing life expectancy. Drawing on
evidence from Europe and Greece, a wider picture of senior care is sketched, aiming to
set the scene within which private initiatives transpire. Τhe thesis includes a historical
recount of senior citizenship along with the significance of health and quality of life.
Following this, European demographic indices are analysed as evidence of the everincreasing
need to provide senior care services, at public and private level. A more
thorough look is cast on European platforms that have emerged at private and nongovernmental
level, tackling issues of social security and inclusion, senior benefits,
nursing and care, among others.
Following that, the thesis narrows its geographic focus on Greece, starting with the
functioning of public structure as a response to the problems faced by elderly people.
The rest of the paper focuses exclusively on private organisations providing senior care
services, a section introduced by an overview of the legislative and institutional
framework underpinning their creation and operation. The national macro-environment
is, consequently unfolded via the PEST-DG and Porter analyses.
Lastly, a case-study is conducted to zoom- in the structure and strategy choices of a
leading organisation in the provision of elderly care services, MAREPI. The purpose of
the case-study is to describe the specific experiences of an elderly care unit, operating in
the Greek setting and evaluate its contribution at raising senior care standards and
quality of life, at both individual and societal level. In order to achieve this, a review of
the mission, vision and goals of the organisation is made, along with a thorough
description of its structure (flow chart) and role-specific duties of its admin, medical,
nursing, and support staff. Further adding to this, reference to the clientele of MAREPI
is made, along with investment decisions on infrastructure and equipment. A SWOT analysis finally sheds some light on the micro-environment within which MAREPI
operates. Lastly, reflections are made on the potential of amelioration of MAREPI's
elderly care services and enhancement of its competitive position, via suggestions to its
strategic considerations, such as boost its market share, reconfiguring its target group
and investing on innovations-generating activities.


ATONIA OF SKELETAL MUSCLES IS ONE OF THE CARDINAL FEATURES OF RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM) SLEEP. Superimposed on this atonia is intermittent activity in both axial and limb muscles. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by excessive motor activity during REM sleep with acting out of dreams.1 The diagnosis of RBD is made by the appearance of elevated submental electromyogram (EMG) tone during REM and/or excessive phasic submental or anterior tibialis EMG activity, combined with polysomnographic documentation or a history of frank movements during REM sleep.2 RBD is more common in elderly men, and at least half of those followed for 10 years develop Parkinson disease.3 Muscle-tone abnormalities in REM sleep may consist along a spectrum, with maintenance of full atonia at one end and full RBD at the other end. REM sleep without atonia has been described as an intermediate condition, in which REM sleep atonia is reduced on polysomnography, in the absence of reports of abnormal behaviors by the patient or bed partner. This polysomnographic finding has also been called "subclinical" RBD. Eisensehr's recent report4 demonstrating that those patients with subclinical RBD have an intermediate reduction of striatal dopamine transporters, roughly halfway between normal individuals and those with RBD, establishes the potential importance of this disorder. Antidepressants have substantial effects on REM sleep. Many studies show that they prolong REM sleep latency and suppress REM sleep time.5 They are also associated with reports of "vivid" dreams.6 In addition, case reports dating back 30 years show that antidepressants can induce RBD7 or reduce REM sleep atonia.8 In fact, medications with a wide variety of mechanisms of action have been implicated in producing loss of REM sleep atonia, including serotonergic reuptake blockers such as fluoxetine,9 monoamine oxidase inhibitors,10 β-adrenergic receptor blockers,11 the noradrenergic and 5-HT1A-mediated serotonergic enhancer mirtazapine,12 and the tricyclic antidepressants.13 However, no study has systematically assessed EMG tone during REM sleep in individuals chronically taking antidepressants. Given the number of individuals taking these medications, this issue is potentially of substantial public health importance. The objective of this study was to compare tonic and phasic EMG during REM sleep in individuals without a complaint of abnormal behavior during sleep who were taking serotonergic antidepressants with the REM characteristics of matched controls not taking such medications. We hypothesize that serotonergic antidepressants will increase tonic and phasic submentalis and anterior tibialis EMG activity during REM sleep compared to the control population not taking such medications.


In this study the mechanical properties (by compressive and flexural strength tests), durability (by water absorption test), and microstructural properties of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) (by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy tests) of mortars applicable for the casting of ferrocement elements reinforced with nano-SiO 2 particles are investigated. The parameters of this study include the low replacement ratio of nano-SiO2 particles respect to cement in Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mortar mixture (including 1%, 2% and 3%), water to binder ratio (including 0.35, 0.4 and 0.5), and also sand to binder ratio (including 2 and 2.5). The results have shown that the cement mortars containing nano-particles have reasonably higher strength, low water absorption and denser ITZ compared to those of the OPC ferrocement mortars. Furthermore, along with increasing the W/CM, the performance of silica nano-particles has been reduced. Besides, using higher S/CM was followed by strength loss in both categories of mixtures including with and without silica nano-particles. However, distinctive strengthening trend was not observed in mixtures with different S/CM (by holding the other variables constant such as silica nano-particles).


The sorts,causes of form,measures for prevention and improvement of common quality defects on inner cavity of auto engine castings have been introduced with examples with certain new technologies for cleaning inner cavity of castings.


This thesis probes into how basic art education,as basic education of component,meets the need of modern social personnel training,and how it can accord with the demand of talent quality training in modern society,at the angle of training talents with "creating consciousness","initiative spirit" and "practising ability".And it also points out that in the basic art education the art design education should be strengthened,combining the content of the teaching material again,giving full play to the basic art education as importance in quality-oriented education of a component of the basic education,and strengthening basic art education with creative significance.


The article substantiates the modern vision of the system of professional training of teachers of professional education at universities as a pedagogical model. The structural-functional model of professional training on the new conceptual-methodological basis is offered. The purpose of this system is to train a competent specialist capable of pedagogical and engineering activities in institutions of vocational (vocational) education; able to realize itself in the educational sphere, in production and in the sphere of service; a specialist of the future with neo-humanistic views and established ecological culture. It is noted that for the implementation of the system of professional training it is necessary to theoretically substantiate and develop scientific and methodological materials that will enable to introduce author's developments in the practice of professional training of teachers of professional training at universities.


The integration process of the Polish financial system with the European markets significantly affected profitability of the nonlife insurance sector in Poland. During this period, the level of invested capital and number of companies controlled by foreign investors has increased, as well as the share of premiums collected by these companies in the total premiums of the sector. The period of financial integration was characterized by a significant improvement of financial performance of the sector, as well as profitability of its insurance and investment activities. To check determinants of the profitability tests, were conducted on a panel of 25 non-life insurance companies for the period of 2002–2009. For estimation a regression model with elimination of the impact of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in the analyzed sample was used. The results indicate that the reduction in the share of motor insurance in the portfolio, with simultaneous increase of other types of insurance, has a positive impact on profitability and cost-efficiency of insurance companies. However, offering too broad spectrum of classes of insurance negatively impacts its profitability and cost efficiency. Companies improve profitability and cost efficiency with an increase of their gross premiums and decrease of total operating expenses. Additionally increases of the GDP growth and the market share of foreign owned companies positively impact profitability of non-life insurance companies during the integration period.


Development of Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films and Membranes for Low-Energy Gas Separation. (May 2011) Michael Colin McCarthy, B.S., The University of California at Berkeley Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Hae-Kwon Jeong Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid organic-inorganic microor mesoporous materials that exhibit regular crystalline lattices with rigid pore structures. Chemical functionalization of the organic linkers in the structures of MOFs affords facile control over pore size and physical properties, making MOFs attractive materials for application in gas-separating membranes. A wealth of reports exist discussing the synthesis of MOF structures, however relatively few reports exist discussing MOF membranes. This disparity owes to challenges associated with fabricating films of hybrid materials, including poor substrate-film interactions, moisture sensitivity, and thermal instability. Since even nanometer scale cracks and defects can affect the performance of a membrane for gas separation, these challenges are particularly acute for MOF membranes. The focus of this work is the development of novel methods for MOF film and membrane fabrication with a view to overcoming these challenges. The specific results of this work were the development of thin films and membranes of MAMS-4 and MAMS-6 using in situ synthesis with modified supports and thin films of HKUST-1 using rapid thermal deposition (RTD).


Recent evidence has demonstrated beneficial effects of dairy fat consumption on serum cholesterol levels when consumed in the form of cheese1. However, inter-individual variance in response to food consumption is known to affect the risk of diet-related diseases2,3. The extent of this variability and the determinants of response to dairy fat are currently unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with lipid metabolism response to a dairy fat intervention study and investigate the relationship between them.

 A 6-wk randomised parallel intervention trial1 was carried out in overweight, but otherwise healthy adults (≥50 years). Participants (n = 104) consumed ∼40g dairy fat daily in addition to their usual diet, in 1 of 3 different forms; butter, cheese, or cheese + butter. Intervention diets were also balanced for protein and calcium1. For this analysis, intervention diet groups were considered together as one
 dairy fat intervention. Participants were categorised into tertiles based on their % change in serum total cholesterol (TC) post-intervention, ranked from the largest decrease to the largest increase. Multivariate analysis (bonferroni-corrected) was used to assess differences between tertiles of responders in baseline characteristics (age, gender, metabolic markers, and body composition) (p < 0.05).

 Participants showing the largest % decrease in TC had significantly higher levels of TC, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), and lower levels of triglycerides (TAG) at baseline compared to those displaying the largest % increase. Those with the largest % decrease in LDL-c displayed similar differences across groups, reporting higher baseline levels of LDL-c and TAG. No differences were apparent when categorised by HDL. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the variation of % change in TC and LDL is associated with baseline TC, TAG, body weight and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; p < 0.05).

 Our preliminary results indicate that the variance in cholesterol response to 6 weeks' consumption of dairy fat is associated with baseline TC, TAG, body weight and hsCRP in overweight adults. Further analysis to understand the mechanisms associated with response to dairy fat is warranted.

 Food for Health Ireland, Enterprise Ireland.


We apply the bivariate B-spline basis to find an approximate solution for control-state function in a constrained optimal control problem, whose constraint is an elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this method, the PDE is first discretized and then by using bivariate B-spline basis, a state function is obtained with respect to some unknown coefficients. By applying generalized Newton method, the optimal value for the control function is also determined. Finally, a numerical example is given and the optimal solution is derived by using the bivariate B-spline basis.


I recent years there has been mounting interest in children with reading diff iculties. Detailed investigations of these children point to the fact that some with above average intelligence and adequate social and educational opportunity have a specific difficulty such as learning to read, wr i te , and spel l , i .e . , dyslexia. L a c k of information on management of the dyslexic chi ld in the school has been a continuing and critical source of anxiety to parents and teachers. M u c h time is spent debating the use of the term dyslexia for reasons wh ich are both unfortunate and unnecessary. Et io logical labels of "dyslexia." "min imal cerebral dysfunct ion," and "specif ic learning difficulties" are generally nonconstructive educationally and in many cases can be detrimental to the anxiety state of both the chi ld and his parents if nothing more is done than a "diagnosis."


We use the forward modeling approach to galaxy clustering combined with the likelihood from the effective-field theory of large-scale structure to measure assembly bias, i.e. the dependence of halo bias on properties beyond the total mass, in the linear (b1) and second order bias parameters (b2 and bK 2) of dark matter halos in N-body simulations. This is the first time that assembly bias in the tidal bias parameter bK 2 is measured. We focus on three standard halo properties: the concentration c, spin λ, and sphericity s, for which we find an assembly bias signal in bK 2 that is opposite to that in b1. Specifically, at fixed mass, halos that get more (less) positively biased in b1, get less (more) negatively biased in bK 2. We also investigate the impact of assembly bias on the b2(b1) and bK 2(b1) relations, and find that while the b2(b1) relation stays roughly unchanged, assembly bias strongly impacts the bK 2(b1) relation. This impact likely extends also to the corresponding relation for galaxies, which motivates future studies to design better priors on bK 2(b1) for use in cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering data.


The invention provides a cast aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation ceramic membrane layer and a preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation ceramic membrane layer. The adopted bath solution is an aqueous solution of Na2SiO3.9H2O, Na2MnO4.2H2O, NaF, NaOH and Bi2O3. The bath solution adopted by the cast aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation ceramic membrane layer and the preparation method can form a membrane on the surface of cast aluminum alloy with the high silicon content more easily, and can facilitate uniform membrane formation on the surface of the cast aluminum alloy, and therefore the surface of the formed ceramic membrane layer is smooth, and the roughness is low. In addition, the added Bi2O3 in the bath solution can play a role in self-lubrication, and the wear resistance performance of the micro-arc oxidation ceramic membrane layer is improved.


The invention relates to a local coil (106K; 106W) for an imaging magnetic resonance imaging system (101) characterized in that at least one former antenna (a11k-A18K; A11W-A18W), and at least one further antenna (A21W-A28W A21K-A28K) wherein the at least one former antenna (a11k-A18K; A11W-A18W) orthogonal to the at least one further antenna (A21K-A28K; A21W-A28W) is arranged.


We investigate the cosmological evolution of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using the total gamma-ray fluence as a measure of the burst strength. This involves an understanding of the distributions of the spectral parameters of GRBs, as well as the total fluence distribution—both of which are subject to detector selection effects. We present new nonparametric statistical techniques to account for these effects, and we use these methods to estimate the true distribution of the peak of the νFν spectrum—Ep—from the raw distribution. The distributions are obtained from four-channel data, and therefore are rough estimates; hence we emphasize the methods and present qualitative results. Given its spectral parameters, we then calculate the total fluence for each burst and compute its cumulative and differential distributions. We use these distributions to estimate the cosmological rate evolution of GRBs for three cosmological models. Our two main conclusions are the following: (1) given our estimates of the spectral parameters, we find that there may exist a significant number of high-Ep bursts that are not detected by BATSE; and (2) we find a GRB comoving rate density quite different from that of other extragalactic objects—in particular, it is different from the recently determined star formation rate.


The impedance-based stability analysis method has been widely utilized to assess the stability of power electronics-based systems, since it can regard subsystems as "black boxes" without the prior knowledge on their internal parameters. The Bode plot serves as an intuitive and practical tool to assess the impedance interaction, and the resulted oscillation frequency is generally identified as the intersection frequency of the impedance-magnitude responses where the impedance-phase difference is out of 180°. However, this prediction only applies to certain cases, since the direction of the Nyquist trajectory is overlooked, corresponding to the derivatives of magnitude and phase response with respect to the frequency on Bode plots, which may result in failure predictions of the system stability. In this paper, a rigorous mapping between Nyquist plots and Bode plots is presented, and the general rules of using Bode plots for the impedance-based stability analysis are proposed, considering the magnitude and phase derivatives at the crossover frequencies. Simulations and experimental tests on a grid-tied inverter system validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.


In this paper the coastal zone to be studied is defined as the area along the shoreline at mean high tide level with a width of 2 km. The present situation of land use of the coastal zone and its problems are analyzed. The results show that:1) there are 228 166.44 hm2 of land resources in 12 coastal cities and counties, accounting for 6.63% of the total of the province; 2) both coastal land area and the farmland area in Wenchang rank first on the list of the 12 coastal cities and counties,while Sanya has the largest construction land area in coastal zone,Haikou the second; 3) the density of the construction land in coastal zone is high,which is 4.5 times the average of the province; 4) the land utilization efficiency of coastal zone is high,but contradiction between man and land becomes more and more prominent.And the land use structure needs to be optimized; 5) the intensive land use of coastal zone has led to obviously ecological degeneration, and this is particularly prominent in Wenchang,Wanning and Haikou.Aiming at those problems,the paper brings forward some countermeasures or suggestions for coastal zone on land use manner,land use degree,land use structure,land use distribution and land use benefit.


The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the existence and type of the dormancy and effects of different dormancy breaking treatments on seed germination of Colutea buhsei Boiss. (Fabaceae) as one of the Iran native plants, arid-land and ornamental shrub with ability of usage in the urban landscape design. The experiment was performed with 15 treatments and 3 replications in a completely randomized design. Seeds were subjected to different treatments including various levels of GA 3 , concentrated (98%) H 2 SO 4 , cold stratification (CS), soaking with tab water, floating in hot water (100 °C) followed by continual cooling for 24 hr in the same water and combined treatments. Afterwards seeds were sown in laboratory conditions to determine the factors' effects on germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), root and shoot length of Colutea bohsei seeds. All of these treatments, except for GA 3 (250 and 500 ppm), increased the percentage and rate of the seed germination. Maximum germination percentage (66.25%) and rate (14.9 seeds per day) in 7 days was obtained at concentrated (98%) H 2 SO 4 (15 min). Maximum root and shoot length was observed at concentrated (98%) H 2 SO 4 (15 min) plus GA 3 (100 ppm, 24 hr). Use of GA 3 (100 ppm) in 24 hr after H 2 SO 4 increased the germination rate and shoot length but this additive effect was not significant.


3D pose Estimation and object detection are important tasks for robot-environment interaction. Impressive progress has been made in this field over the past decade. So far, the problem is still challenging because cluttered scenes usually have a negative influence on the recognition process. On the other hand, lack of samples in the training stage also limits the application of the learning-based algorithm. In this work, an improved VGG16 deep neural network pipeline which can extract better feature descriptors is proposed to implement object recognition as well as 3D pose estimation. In addition, we also described a method for quick image data synthesis, which can generate large amount of eligible training data in a short period of time. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and better performance of the proposed method by comparing with classical deep neural networks.


Customer churn prediction is an essential task in any market segment that deals with customers. The Telecom industry is one such market sector where customer management plays a crucial role. From existing research, it is clear that the cost of retaining the current customers is much lower than the cost of gaining new customers. Hence, the prior detection of the churn customers becomes very important. This paper presents a churn prediction methodology for the telecom industry that aims at better identifying the customers who might churn. Seven machine learning models are trained using three publicly available datasets. The experimental results of this study reveal great performances compared to existing works in terms of recall, F1-score, and AUC-score. Moreover, new feature crosses are explored in this research which are found to be impactful in predicting customer churn. Finally, the best models are explained using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), an explainable AI technique.


Can we all envisage a world with a decent quality of life for everyone and net-zero emissions? The big challenge for society, simply put, is how to provide much more energy with much less carbon dioxide. The goal of a better life with a healthier planet is an inspiring ambition. But navigating the necessary transitions will require extraordinary and unprecedented coordination, collaboration, and leadership across all sectors of society. Jeremy Bentham, Head of Shell Scenarios will speak on how society can enable development and whilst safeguarding the environment.


Aluminum (Al) has no known physiological function and is not considered an essential dietary compound. Nowadays, it is recognized as an element that can produce adverse effects on biological systems. The present study determined Al partitioning in the body compartments of rats that have been orally exposed for 15 weeks. Three experimental groups were studied: Controls (C, n=19), TAl-1 (n=10) rats receiving daily doses of Al citrate (1.0 mmol/g body weight) by gavage and TA1-2 (n=13), receiving Al citrate with the drinking water (100 mmol/ l). At the end of the experimental period, the Al contents of organs and sera were determined. Results are expressed as median and range values. Comparing the TAl-2 rats with the control ones, remarkable Al accumulation could be observed in serum (4.8/2.7 - 16.3 vs 0.4/0.2 - 1.2 mmol/l, P50.001), bone (3.33/1.78 - 4.85 vs 1.00/0.48 - 1.59 mmol/ g, P50.001), kidney (2.33/0.96 - 3.15 vs 0.52/0.22 - 2.07 mmol/g, P50.001), spleen (2.22/0.70 - 4.19 vs 0.27/ 0.11 - 0.36 mmol/g, P50.001) and liver (0.60/0.42 - 0.91 vs 0.24/0.14 - 0.78 mmol/g, P50.01) while brain Al content was not significantly increased. Aluminum levels were raised in the TAl-1 group only in serum (2.8/1.3 - 10.4 mmol/ g, P50.001), bone (1.85/1.00 - 3.41 mmol/g, P50.001) and kidney (1.74/0.96 - 2.07 mmol/g, P50.01). Bone Al concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner (TAl-2 vs TAl-1, P50.001). The results demonstrate different tissue Al accumulation in rats chronically exposed to Al citrate, irrespective of their intact renal function.


The mean activity coefficients of the ternary systems CsCl + polyethylene glycol (PEG) (w) + H2O (1 – w) (w = 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) determined by the potentiometric method at T = 298.15 K are reported. The molecular weights of PEG are 200 and 600, and the CsCl molality varies from 0.01 to 4.00 mol/kg. To correlate the experimental data, the Pitzer equation, extended Debye–Huckel equation, and the modified Pitzer equation have been utilized herein. As a result, a series of thermodynamic parameters were obtained and discussed in detail, including the mean ionic activity coefficients (γ±), the osmotic coefficient (Φ), the excess Gibbs free energies (GE), the standard Gibbs free energy of transference (ΔGt0) and the primary hydration number (nhydr).


The Public Archaeology of Death is an insightful addition to mortuary and public archaeology literature, edited by Howard Williams, Benedict Willis-Eve and Jennifer Osborne. This volume is unique i...


This paper addresses an analog input shaper introduced in haptic control to improve the stability when interacting with virtual environments. High frequency inputs to a haptic device, which can occur in collision with a virtual wall with high stiffness, can bring limit cycle oscillations and instabilities. In order to reduce the high frequency input to an haptic device an analog input shaper is added to the control system. Since the input shaper acts as a low-pass filter, when a haptic pointer leaves the virtual wall with high stiffness, a user may feel slow decrease of impedance, moreover there may be negative impedance as if the wall is pulling. In order to prevent this, we add half-wave rectifiers which allow fast decrease of impedance and no negative input to a haptic device. The input shaper reduces the total energy supplied to a haptic device by preventing inputs with high frequency from flowing into a haptic device. Therefore it can be regarded as an artificial damping element. In order to apply the Energy-Bounding Algorithm (EBA),1 which can guarantee the stable haptic interaction, to a scaled teleoperation in a virtual nano-environment two scaling factors (velocity and force) are incorporated into EBA. By applying the analog input shaper to EBA in scaled teleoperation, the range of virtual wall stiffness which can be stably rendered by a haptic device is significantly extended.


This research investigates how students learn Basic English by using Way Ahead game. This study was conducted to identify how effective the use of educational game in acquiring L2 is. Qualitative study was used by the researcher as the research method. The data were collected through conducting several interviews and exploring library study. The case study involved 4 elementary school students as the participants. The background of the research on the role of game in learning L2 is based on Fuscard (2001) and Boyle (2011). The findings of this research are 4 most important roles of game implementation in learning process: (1) pedagogical device, (2) creative ice breakers, (3) engaging students, (4) helping students retain salient points in our teaching. The purpose of the research is to give information over the portrayal of using educational games in learning which is expected to give practical use in teaching Basic English to children as their L2 acquisition.Key Words: L2 acquisition, basic English, Way Ahead game


We have read with great interest Cinotti E. et al's article: "Mucosal melanoma: clinical, histological and c-kit gene mutational profile of 86 French cases (1). This subject is of great interest to us and we would like to discuss, underline some aspects regarding this type of melanoma. Seeing as how we did reviews and data analysis regarding the mucosal melanoma (2, 3), we synthesized the data, showing some similarities and some differences between this researches and compared this results with other publications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


DNA unwinding, and may well control the accessibility of the structure to nucleases and polymerases. In principle, hydrogen exchange methods afford the most direct experimental approach to the dynamic properties of the DNA helix. Hydrogen exchange has frequently been used to study the conformations of proteins. The results of such measurements have been interpreted on the basis that a potentially exchangeable hydrogen atom which is involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonding (and/or "buried" in the interior of a macromolecule) exchanges much more slowly with solvent hydrogen than one not so constrained. With most proteins conditions of exchange can be found for which rates of exchange are measured in hours, or even days. By analogy, the potential applicability of hydrogen exchange methods to a study of hydrogen-bonding and conformation in DNA has been recognized for some time. However, Bradbury et alt. found that essentially complete hydrogen exchange occurred during the 3 min required for sample manipulation following the transfer of a fully deuterated DNA film from a D20 to an H20 environment. As a result of this experience and others (unpublished), it has been generally accepted that the hydrogens of DNA exchange "instantaneously" and that the methods usually applied to proteins cannot be used. Recently, Englander' has developed a new experimental approach to hydrogen exchange. In this method the macromolecule of interest is incubated to equilibrium with tritiated water, and then quickly separated from unbound tritiumn by gel filtration. The bound tritium is then measured by liquid scintillation counting. This technique has several advantages over the nmore conventional hydrogen exchange methods: it is a true tracer method which does not involve the massive substitution with deuterium characteristic of the older methods, no drying steps are involved so that the macromolecule is kept under controlled environmental conditions at all times, and the method is quite fast, complete separation of the labeled macromolecule from free background tritium being attained in a little over I min. In this paper we demonstrate that under appropriate conditions the exchange of structural hydrogens in DNA (i.e., those involved in interchain hydrogen bonding) can be measured with considerable precision using the tritium-gel filtration tech363


The prevalence of obesity is rapidly becoming endemic problem and continues to increase in worldwide. Obesity is proposed as risk factor of developing metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiota has emerged as an important factor in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have shown that alteration of the gut microbiota is associated with an obese phenotype. The protective effect against diabetes of gut microbiota modulation with prebiotic, probiotics or antibiotics has been confirmed in recent observations. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an excellent alternative and complementary medicine for management of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we describe the relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity, and the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influence inflammation in obesity. We then described the potential role of TCM in mediating the effects of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity.


activities has an immediate impact on the revenue streams of a service provider that can, in turn, encourage commercial and operational efficiencies for aiding the expansion and delivery of improved, reliable, and sustainable services. This note draws on national and international cases to explore what it takes to implement an effective billing and collection system. The Water and Sanitation Program is an international partnership for improving water and sanitation sector policies, practices, and capacities to serve poor people


ABSTRACT Refractive records of young myopic patients were collected from six optometry practices. Statistical tests for linearity (F‐test and statistical significance of the correlation coefficient) were applied to the myopic measurements made between 6 and 15 years of age. In 90 to 94% of these patients, refractive changes with time were linear. Refractive changes are greater when a patient is myopic rather than hyperopic or emmetropic.


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A new concept for the low-speed propulsion mode in rocket-based combined cycle engines has been developed as part of the NASA GTX program. This concept, called the independent ramjet stream (IRS) cycle, is a variation of the traditional ejector ramjet (ER) design and involves the injection of hydrogen fuel directly into the airstream, where it is ignited by the rocket plume. The advantage of the IRS design is that it allows for a single large rocket instead of several smaller rockets, and its required combustor length is smaller than that of a traditional ER design. Both of these features make the IRS design lighter. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics are currently being used to evaluate the feasibility of the new design. In this work, a Navier‐Stokes code valid for general reactive flows is applied to the model engine under cold-flow, ER, and IRS cycle operation. Pressure distributions corresponding to cold-flow and ER operation are compared with experimental data. The engine response under IRS cycle operation is examined for different reaction models and grid sizes. The solutions exhibit a high sensitivity to both grid resolution and reaction mechanism but do indicate that thermal throat ramjet operation is possible through the injection and burning of additional fuel into the airstream.


The development of a high-density, spherical rhenium powder (SReP) possessing excellent flow characteristics has enabled the use of advanced processing techniques for the manufacture of rhenium components. The techniques that were investigated were vacuum plasma spraying (VPS), direct-hot isostatic pressing (D-HIP), and various other traditional powder metallurgy processing methods of forming rhenium powder into near-net shaped components. The principal disadvantages of standard rhenium metal powder (RMP) for advanced consolidation applications include: poor flow characteristics; high oxygen content; and low and varying packing densities. SReP will lower costs, reduce processing times, and improve yields when manufacturing powder metallurgy rhenium components. The results of the powder characterization of spherical rhenium powder and the consolidation of the SReP are further discussed.


Admissions criteria at most colleges and universities are based on expectations for traditional students who pursue graduate school shortly after completing their undergraduate education. Grade point average and standardized test scores (e.g., GRE, GMAT) typically determine students' opportunities for admission. With adult learners pursuing higher education, it is important to consider whether or not the same admissions criteria are appropriate for traditional and nontraditional students. Since adult learners have different experiences than traditional students, many educational institutions have begun to adjust admissions requirements in order to consider not only cognitive abilities as measured by standardized tests but also work and life experiences that will allow them to integrate the practical world with their academic pursuits. At Chapman University College, a portfolio admissions option for graduate students was initiated to reach out to adult learners and nontraditional students who do not meet traditional admissions criteria. Chapman University is a private university in Orange, California consisting of seven colleges. One of the colleges, Chapman University College ( CUC) , has been serving the unique needs of adult learners for 50 years. cue offers undergraduate and graduate degrees to 6,000 students in arts and sciences, professional studies, and education. In addition, teaching credentials and extended education are offered at campuses throughout California and Washington. This study compares graduate students admitted through the portfolio method to those students admitted through traditional means of graduate exams/ grade point average. The intent was to determine if the alternative admissions method predicted graduate school success as well as traditional methods.


A new efficient method of calculating the photoionization of a hydrogen atom in a strong magnetic field is developed basing on the Kantorovich approach to the parametric boundary problems in spherical coordinates. The progress as compared with our previous paper [SPIE Proc. 6165, p. 66−82, (2006)] consists in computation of the wave functions of continuous spectrum, including the quasi-stationary states imbedded in the continuum. The photoionization cross sections for the ground and excited states are in good agreement with the calculations by other authors.


Top soil structure changes and their effects on erosion were studied under simulated rainfall in red soils derived from shale, Quaternary clay and granite. The results showed as followed: Soil crust developed easily in the red soil derived from shale, which accelerated runoff generation and made runoff velocity and sediment content rise to peak value quickly; while in the soil derived from Quaternary clay, because of high aggregate stability, crust developed more difficultly and was easy broken down. Companied with the crust formation and breakdown, the runoff velocity and sediment content rose slowly and fluctuated in a small range. Crust did not found in the soil derived from granite, on which surface sandy layer appeared during erosion process. The sediment size distribution depended on aggregate stability and runoff transportation. The percent of fine particles (0.02 mm) in sediment were higher than that in soils in the soils derived from shale and granite. And the sediment of soil derived from Quaternary red clay contain much more coarser component which were compound aggregates.


The explosion and crisis of the financial markets, the increasing variety of economic transactions and higher levels of risk and uncertainty are the cardinal vectors in outlining the new economic landscape, where the value of the physical currencies is weaker than ever. In this ecosystem, the deployment of a digital currency has became a reality.This article looks more in-depth at Bitcoin economy in order to dissipate the illusions of this innovative monetary technology, ruled by a lot of speculation and few hard data. Moreover, it unveils the potential tax issues raised by this dematerialised form of money.


To the question that residual noise exists in the result of spectral subtraction in speech enhancement,introduces a new method of threshold selection to process wavelet coefficient by gradient threshold processing,detect endpoints of all wavelet coefficient that has been processed by gradient threshold by short-time energy and short-time zero cross rate to determine the start point and end point of the speech signal,take the part between the two points to form a new wavelet coefficient vector and reconstruct all wavelet coefficient to filter the noise.Experimental results indicate that signal to noise ratio and articulation can be improved significantly by using this method comparing with spectral subtraction.


This study presents a new method to measure stream cross section without having contact with water. Compared with conventional measurement methods which apply instruments such as sounding weight, ground penetration radar (GPR), used in this study, is a non‐contact measurement method. This non‐contact measurement method can reduce the risk to hydrologists when they are conducting measurements, particularly in high flow period. However, the original signals obtained by using GPR are very complex, different from studies in the past where the measured data were mostly interpreted by experts with special skill or knowledge of GPR so that the results obtained were less objective. This study employs Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) to process GPR signals which are difficult to interpret by hydrologists. HHT is a newly developed signal processing method that can not only process the nonlinear and non‐stationary complex signals, but also maintain the physical significance of the signal itself. Using GPR with HHT, this study establishes a non‐contact stream cross‐section measurement method with the ability to measure stream cross‐sectional areas precisely and quickly. Also, in comparison with the conventional method, no significant difference in results is found to exist between the two methods, but the new method can considerably reduce risk, measurement time, and manpower. It is proven that the non‐contact method combining GPR with HHT is applicable to quickly and accurately measure stream cross section. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We discuss the general properties of periodic vortex arrangements in rotating superfluids. The different possible structures are classified according to the symmetry space-groups and the circulation number. We calculate numerically several types of vortex structures in superfluid 3He-A. The calculations are done in the Ginzburg-Landau region, but the method is applicable at all temperatures. A phase diagram of vortices is constructed in the plane formed by the magnetic field and the rotation velocity. The characteristics of the six equilibrium vortex solutions are discussed. One of these, the locked vortex 3, has not been considered in the literature before. The vortex sheet forms the equilibrium state of rotating 3He-A at rotation velocities exceeding 2.6 rad/s. The results are in qualitative agreement with experiments.


ABSTRACT
Afrilia Pratiwi, 2015 : The Influence of Audit Tenure, Auditor Industry
Specialization, And Audit Fee on Integrity of Financial Statements.
Advisors: (1) Marsellisa Nindito, SE,M.Sc,Akt,CA ; (2) Diena Noviarini,
SE,MMsi.
This research aims to examine the influence of audit tenure, auditor industry
specialization, and audit fee on integrity of financial statements.
The independent variables are used in this research is audit tenure, auditor
industry specialization, and audit fee. While the dependent variable is integrity of
financial statements (which is proxied by conservatism).
This research uses secondary data which is financial statement and additional
information from companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the
period from 2012 until 2013. While the sampling method used was purposive
sampling method and obtained the total company of 21 firms with 42 sample total.
This research uses multiple regression method to test the hypothesis at 0, 05 (5%)
significance.
From the analysis performed in this research, it can be concluded that audit
tenure has no significant influence to integrity of financial statements. While
auditor industry specialization, and audit fee has significant influence to integrity
of financial statements.

Keywords : Audit Tenure, Auditor Industry Specialization, Audit Fee, Integrity of
Financial Statements


The study deals with the list of 'books' written probably shortly after 1420 on the rear pastedown of the National Museum Library manuscript XVI F 11. This list is likely to have been made by the owner of the manuscript at that time, Přibík from Ostrý, but no further information on him is available in any sources. The list contains 17 items, some with 'prices', but both the titles and the values indicate that this is not an inventory of real books or works to be taken seriously. Nevertheless, the scribe clearly expressed in it both his anti-Hussite sentiments and his knowledge of the derogatory stereotypes of the time used to describe adherents of the Hussite doctrine.


This paper probes into the problems existing in the fine management based on the post value,and puts forward some methods and paths for carrying out the fine management based on the post value.


Community sanitation service is the social public product for public benefit and welfare.This text brings forward the method of medicine mode through necessity analysis of the community sanitation service,experience of China and overseas and the objective facts of Daqing Oil Field Hospital Group.The method of medicine mode bases on the community medical treatment service,integrates the medical treatment,prevention,healthcare,scientific research,teaching,medical treatment insurance and specialized logistics service ect.How to operate this mode is discussed as well for the reference of oversized stateowned enterprises.


This cooling device (1) for a high temperature superconducting apparatus is provided with: a turbo compressor (2); a main heat exchanger (3); an expansion turbine (4); a sub heat exchanger (5) for exchanging heat between a refrigerant gas and a cooling fluid; a circulation pump (7); a temperature measuring means (10) for measuring the temperature of the cooling fluid; a first closed flow path (L1); and a second closed flow path (L2) for circulating the cooling fluid, and the sub heat exchanger (5) comprises a first heat exchange part (5a) which has paths through which the refrigerant gases flow in parallel and in which the refrigerant gases exchange heat with each other, and a second heat exchange part (5b) in which the refrigerant gas and the cooling fluid exchange heat so as to face each other.


Single s-channel production of sleptons, such as tilde tau's and/or tilde nutau, with their subsequent decay into purely leptonic or dijet final states is possible in hadronic collisions via R-parity violating couplings. We examine the impact of slepton production on bump searches in both the Drell-Yan and dijet channels and examine whether the lepton charge asymmetry in the ell nu channel provides for additional search sensitivity. As a consequence, search reaches in the slepton mass-R-parity violating coupling plane are obtained for both the Tevatron and LHC. The possibility of using the leptonic angular distributions and the lepton charge asymmetry to distinguish slepton resonances from new gauge bosons is also analyzed.


1.Adaptive integration of life history and behaviour is expected to result in variation in the pace-of-life. Previous work focused on whether "risky" phenotypes live-fast-but-die-young, but reported conflicting support. We posit that individuals exhibiting risky phenotypes may alternatively invest heavily in early-life reproduction but consequently suffer greater reproductive senescence. 2. We used a 7-year longitudinal dataset with >1200 breeding records of >800 female great tits assayed annually for exploratory behaviour to test whether within-individual age-dependency of reproduction varied with exploratory behaviour. We controlled for biasing effects of selective (dis)appearance and within-individual behavioural plasticity. 3. Slower and faster explorers produced moderate-sized clutches when young; faster explorers subsequently showed an increase in clutch size that diminished with age (with moderate support for declines when old), whereas slower explorers produced moderate-sized clutches throughout their lives. There was some evidence that the same pattern characterized annual fledgling success, if so, unpredictable environmental effects diluted personality-related differences in this down-stream reproductive trait. 4. Support for age-related selective appearance was apparent, but only when failing to appreciate within-individual plasticity in reproduction and behaviour. 5. Our study identifies within-individual age-dependent reproduction, and reproductive senescence, as key components of life history strategies that vary between individuals differing in risky behaviour. Future research should thus incorporate age-dependent reproduction in pace-of-life studies.


Objective To investigate and evaluate the iodine nutritional status of school-age children in Yi county of Heibei Province,and to provide scientific basis for the development of control measures to iodine deficiency disorders.Methods Retrospectinely analyzed school-age children urinary iodine monitoring results of Yi County of Hebei Province from 1998 to 2011.One township was selected randomly in each of the five directions (east,west,south,north and center) from 1998 to 2011.One elementary school was randomly chosen in each of the five townships.And at least 20 urine samples of 8-10 years old children were randomly collected in each school selected.Urinary iodine contents were determined through arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric method.Urinary iodine determination standard according to "The Standard of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Elinination" (GB 16006-2008) and "The Iodine Deficiency Disorders Elinination Guide".Results A total of 1725 children urinary samples were collected from 1998 to 2011,urinary median was 243.26 μg/L,each of the median urinary iodine was higher than 100 μg/L.The ratio of urinary iodine less than 100 μg/L was < 50% over the years,and less than 50 μg/L was < 20%.Overall,the highest value of urinary iodine stayed at approximately 200 μg/L,showing positively skewed distribution that was skewed to the right.Urinary iodine level was compared among different ages,gender and ethnicity,and the difference was not statistically significant(P > 0.05).Conclusions In recent years,the iodine intake of school-age children of Yi County can meet the body needs,and the iodine nutrition is at an appropriate level.

Key words:
School-age children; Iodine; Deficiency diseases; Urinary


The paper concerns the problem of the influence of core compression on core shear modulus determination. Two experimental methods of shear modulus determination are discussed. These methods are based on the estimation of the relation between bending and shear effects. Using the ordinary sandwich panel theory. The appropriate examples of the core compression influence are presented and discussed.


A global routing for a standard cell VLSI poses two important problems: how often we use it with feed-through and where to install it beside the layout to trunk lines. To minimize the total number of tracks at the level of detailed routings, we avoid local congestions. Thus the layout touting with feed-through becomes necessary which does not depend on the routing order. For an optimization problem for a large number of combinations of routings, Kirkpatrick et al. have proposed a simulated annealing method. This method is a stochastic sequential improvement method. Its features are an ability to escape from local solutions and the obtained solution depends on the initial conditions and routing order. In this paper we proposed a new method for a global routing for a three-layer standard cell VLSI with feed-through based on the simulated annealing method. Features of our method are an enhanced degree of freedom of routings, allowance for changes of directions of feed-through and an effective acoidance of local congestions. Through experiments on a computer we achieved a drastic reduction of the number of tracks compared with that of the existing method.


Introduction Since DNA has the excellent characteristics beside the molecular memory, DNA was expected to be used in many fields. We have successfully prepared ion conductive DNA films with the aid of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or ionic liquids. This ion conductive DNA was prepared as flexible and transparent films. In this study, we prepared all solid state electrochromic device (ECD) with these ion conductive DNA films.


This paper presents a Model Predictive Controller design structure for the magnetic levitation control system based on prediction theory which gives an optimum performance under external disturbances. The conventional controller like PID gets failed to control the system effectively under such disturbances, so an accurate model and complex algorithm are required to design a self tuned PID controller. It uses receding horizon principle in which controller checks and optimizes the control problem at each sampling instant. Only the first value of optimized solution is applied to the plant and rest values are discarded. This process gets repeated.


Qiang is one of the basic military terms in highly frequent use.The weapons like Qiang have developed into a category level structure in their categorization,with the semantic category of Qiang enlarged around its prototypical meaning,based on which the conceptual system of Qiang is established.The knowledge of Qiang with words and its conceptualization are accomplished by a generalization of the extension members of Qiang category with its family resemblance round the prototype of Qiang,and of the attributes of all the Qiang family members.A group of concepts of Qiang has constituted a conceptual system related to Qiang according to features of the concepts and their relationship.An analysis of cognitive motivation of formation of Qiang aggregation is a case study of generation of the whole military term system.


The invention relates to a fireproof heat-insulating material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The fireproof heat-insulating material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-30 percent of monrolite, 10-40 percent of glazed hollow bead, 10-20 percent of pumice, 10-20 percent of vermiculite, 5-20 percent of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 5-20 percent of renewable dispersed emulsion powder, 5-20 percent of cement, 10-20 percent of rubber powder and 5-10 percent of vesicant. The fireproof heat-insulating material is mixed with water to prepare fireproof heat-insulating mortar which is directly smeared on the surface of a wall body. The fireproof heat-insulating material has the advantages of low cost, low water absorption, low coefficient of heat conductivity, stability and favorable heat-insulating and fire resisting effects; and the obtained product is granular and is convenient to transport.


Through principal-agent models of profit distributions,this paper deduces the relationship of the subsidy way and effect distribution in the mid-term of the cropland conversion.Treating the cropland conversion program as a cooperative production progress,it proves that different subject has different preference to the subsidy way,and suggests the best subsidy way during the mid-term of the ecological program,and conditions which influence the best effort.It also proposes a serial of public policies,such as instituting live lot market,developing ecological purchase,and advocating the ecological notice,in the hope that they can be used to improve ecological efficiency of the program.


Metal contents in vegetables are interesting because of issues related to food safety and potential health risks. The availability of these metals in the human body may perform many biochemical functions and some of them linked with various diseases at high levels. The current study aimed to evaluate the concentration of various metals in common local consumed vegetables using ICP-MS. The concentrations of metals in vegetables of tarragon, Bay laurel, dill, Syrian mesquite, vine leaves, thymes, arugula, basil, common purslane and parsley of this study were found to be in the range of, 76-778 for Al, 10-333 for B, 4-119 for Ba, 2812-24645 for Ca, 0.1-0.32 for Co, 201-464 for Fe, 3661-46400 for K, 0.31–1.53 for Li, 860-14330 for Mg, 16.20-71.5 for Mn, 612-4725 for Na and 15.8-46 µg g -1 for Zn. The results revealed that the concentration of Al, B except in Syrian mesquite, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Mn in all analysed vegetables is higher than the recommended value, Li is well-within the safe limit, and Co, Na except in dill, arugula and common purslane, Zn are lower than the recommended intake of these elements. From health point of view, the HQ values for Al, Fe (for all vegetables) and Ba (in dill, vine leaves, thymes, arugula, basil, common purslane and parsley) were higher than one, indicating potential non-cancer health risk due to exposure to these metals. Furthermore, the HI value for all vegetables was higher than one, indicating potential non-cancer health risk due to long-term exposure to these metals.


A case of Legionnaires' disease (LD) is presented in which the diagnosis was made initially by EM and later confirmed by specific immunofluorescence of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded lung tissue. The possibility of an infection with Legionella pneumophila during autopsy is suggested by the fact that the pathologist who performed the post‐mortem examination developed signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection 2 weeks afterwards. Approximately 4 weeks after the onset of his illness a significant antibody titre against L. pneumophila was found in his serum, whereas 6 months later the antibody titre was insignificant.


SUMMARY In this article a new prosthesis-technology will be presented. The System allows the design of single powered finger for partial hand prostheses and one of the world's smallest and lightest multifunctional hand system with 6 motors inside. Both applications are discussed with all possible features and benefits.


Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one apart from the sender and intended recipient even realizes there is a hidden message. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid Steganography scheme based on Quick Response (QR-code) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). This technique includes encoding and decoding operation in frequency domain. The text message is hidden in the QR-code image. The QR code image is hidden into the Discrete Wavelet Transform. This technique performed well and additional security given to the information. The performance evaluation done by using statistical parameters. This work was compared to other techniques. The proposed method achieved high security and more imperceptibility. Keywords-Steganography, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Quick Response code


A 84-year-old man with a surgical history of subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer was transferred to our department because of a disorder of consciousness. Septic shock due to obstructive suppurative cholangitis secondary to choledocholithiasis was diagnosed. Anemia was also present,and upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy revealed blood emerging from the Papilla of Vater.The cause of the anemia was identified as haemobilia.Angiography showed a small aneurysm over the artery on segment 3(A3) .The cause of the haemobilia was suspected to be the bleeding into the biliary tree from this aneurysm.Because the patient's general condition was poor,minimally invasive therapy was needed.Transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE) was selected initally.Later,lateral sectionectomy was performed in order to remove the aneurysm on A3. No surgical complication occurred and,after surgery,no haemobilia was identified.In conclusion,a twostage treatment,namely,surgery following TAE,is recommended for patients in a physically poor condition who have haemobilia due to intrahepatic aneurysm.


This research is aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the overflow flush canal with 1 door, 2 doors and 3 doors at a floodway. The object chosen in this research is Sedayu Lawas Floodway. This research applies a physical model test method and carried out at the Laboratorium Balai Sungai Surakarta. The variables of this research is the weight of flush sediment (W), the height of water level (H), the sediment mass density (ρs), sediment diameter (ds), the rate of water flow (Q), and the width of the flush canal (B). The result of this research:


Caches are notorious for their unpredictability. It is difficult or even impossible to predict if a memory access results in a definite cache hit or miss. This unpredictability is highly undesired for real-time systems. The Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of a software running on an embedded processor is one of the most important metrics during real-time system design. The WCET depends to a large extent on the total amount of time spent for memory accesses. In the presence of caches, WCET analysis must always assume a memory access to be a cache miss if it can not be guaranteed that it is a hit. Hence, WCETs for cached systems are imprecise due to the overestimation caused by the caches. Modern caches can be controlled by software. The software can load parts of its code or of its data into the cache and lock the cache afterwards. Cache locking prevents the cache's contents from being flushed by deactivating the replacement. A locked cache is highly predictable and leads to very precise WCET estimates, because the uncertainty caused by the replacement strategy is eliminated completely. This paper presents techniques exploring the lockdown of instruction caches at compile-time to minimize WCETs. In contrast to the current state of the art in the area of cache locking, our techniques explicitly take the worst-case execution path into account during each step of the optimization procedure. This way, we can make sure that always those parts of the code are locked in the I-cache that lead to the highest WCET reduction. The results demonstrate that WCET reductions from 54% up to 73% can be achieved with an acceptable amount of CPU seconds required for the optimization and WCET analyses themselves.


During the last two decades, the enhancements in Information Technologies (IT) and the extension of their usage have transformed completely the ways of doing business. In addition to providing a competitive advantage, the utilization of information technologies help businesses to organize all information related with their customers, increasing their level of satisfaction from the good or service provided, support decision making processes and increase the collaboration between supply chain members. Due to the increase in overseas trade and the globalization trends, the usage and importance of Information Technologies in transportation have risen up extremely. This chapter aims to emphasize the growing need for and role of IT in Turkish public logistics systems, present examples of these systems' implementation around the world, and specific benefits to be gained in terms of efficient operations and improved performance, profitability, customer satisfaction, and social welfare. In this respect, the authors aim to draw attention to the significance of the management Information Systems in different areas of public service. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-839-2.ch012


Abstract : An iterative technique for calculating the propagation coefficient for electromagnetic waves traveling along a stratified medium. The strata are required only to be 'parallel' and to have scalar electrical parameters; no restrictions are placed on the distribution of these parameters. The boundary conditions at the top and bottom strata may be of a variety of forms; for example, a surface impedance may be specified or outgoing waves only may be required. The technique is explicitly presented for rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical geometries. In cylindrical geometry, the 'parallel' strata are concentric cylinders, and in spherical geometry, they are concentric spheres. The technique is designed to be used on a digital computer. It has been programmed and used to solve several practical problems. (Author)