Membrane proteins fascinate at many levels, from their central functional roles in transport, energy transduction, and signal transduction processes to structural questions concerning how they fold and operate in the exotic environments of the membrane bilayer and the water-bilayer interface and to methodological issues associated with studying membrane proteins either in situ or extracted from the membrane. This interplay is beautifully exemplified by ion channels, a collection of integral membrane proteins that mediate the transmembrane passage of ions down their electrochemical potential gradient (for general reviews, see Refs. 1 and 2). Ion channels are key elements of signaling and sensing pathways, including nerve cell conduction, hormone response, and mechanosensation. The characteristic properties of ion channels reflect their conductance, ion selectivity, and gating. Ion channels are often specific for a particular type of ion (such as potassium or chloride) or a class of ions (such as anions) and are typically regulated by conformational switching of the protein structure between "open" and "closed" states. This conformational switching may be gated in response to changes in membrane potential, ligand binding, or application of mechanical forces. Detailed functional characterizations of channels and their gating mechanisms have been achieved, reflecting exquisite methodological advances such as patch clamp methods that can monitor the activities of individual channels (3). Until recently, corresponding information about the three-dimensional structures of channels was not available, reflecting difficulties in obtaining sufficient quantities of membrane proteins for crystallization trials. Happily, this situation has started to change with the structure determinations of the Streptomyces lividans K+ channel (KcsA (4)) and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis mechanosensitive channel (MscL (5)).

A variety of reviews (6-12) have appeared recently that discuss functional implications of these channel structures. This review discusses these developments from a complementary perspective, by considering the implications of these structures from within the larger framework of membrane protein structure and function. Because of space restrictions, this review necessarily emphasizes membrane proteins that are composed primarily of alpha-helical bundles, such as KcsA and MscL, rather than beta-barrel proteins, such as porins, typically found in bacterial outer membranes.


Convective flows with simultaneous heat and mass transfer under the influence of a magnetic field and chemical reaction arise in many transport processes both naturally and artificially in many branches of science and engineering applications. This phenomenon plays an important role in the chemical industry, power and cooling industry for drying, chemical vapour deposition on surfaces, cooling of nuclear reactors and petroleum industries. Natural convection flow occurs frequently in nature. It occurs due to temperature differences, as well as due to concentration differences or the combination of these two, for example in atmospheric flows, there exists differences in water concentration and hence the flow is influenced by such concentration difference. Changes in fluid density gradients may be caused by non-reversible chemical reaction in the system as well as by the differences in molecular weight between values of the reactants and the products. Chemical reactions can be modeled as either homogeneous or heterogeneous processes. This depends on whether they occur at an interface or as a single phase volume reaction. A homogeneous reaction is one that occurs uniformly throughout a given phase. On the other hand, a heterogeneous reaction takes place in a restricted area or within the boundary of a phase. In most cases of chemical reactions, the reaction rate depends on the concentration of the species itself. A reaction is said to be of first order, if the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration itself, (Cussler, 1988). For example, the formation of smog is a first order homogeneous reaction. Consider the emission of nitrogen dioxide from automobiles and other smoke-stacks. This nitrogen dioxide reacts chemically in the atmosphere with unburned hydrocarbons (aided by sunlight) and produces peroxyacetylnitrate, which forms an envelop which is termed photo-chemical smog. The study of heat and mass transfer with chemical reaction is of great practical importance in many branches of science and engineering. (Das et al., 1994) studied the effects of mass transfer flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate with constant heat flux and chemical reaction. (Anjalidevi & Kandasamy, 1999) studied effects of chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer on laminar flow along a semi-infinite horizontal plate. More recently, intensive studies have been carried out to investigate effects of chemical reaction on different 7


Vocational education faces the challenge and so many difficulities.Traditional idea about vocational education should be changed.It should take basic knowledge and basic professional skill as foundation and put the importance on the training of innovative quality about students,foster more people who can fit in with the economic development at present,start from continuous development,bring up more talents who have autonomic studying ability and innovative spirit.


Introduction According to the latest statistics from the United States National Cancer Institute, it is estimated that about 17 000 Americans will be diagnosed with pharyngeal cancer in 2017. Although ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) have anti-tumorigenic properties in the several cancers, the anti-cancer effect of ω3-PUFAs on hypopharyngeal carcinoma has been not known yet. In this study, we report inhibitory mechanisms of ω3-PUFAs on cell growth and invasion in human hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Material and methods FaDu and SNU1041 hypopharyngeal caecinoma cell lines were treated with ω3-PUFAs, and cell viability, apoptotic parameters as well as autophagic activity were examined. Additionally, to investigate the effect of ω3-PUFAs endogenously, fat1 stably expression cells of FaDu (fFaDu-sc), which express Caenorhabditis elegans ω3-desaturase (ω3-desaturase converts ω6- to ω3-PUFAs endogenously), were generated by stably transfection. Results and discussions DHA and EPA inhibited the cell growth of FaDu and SNU1041 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, DHA-induced apoptotic cell death was confirmed by TUNEL assay, and the induction of cleaved PARP and caspase-3 in DHA-treated FaDu and SNU1041. Colony formation was also inhibited after DHA treatment. Furthermore, treatment of hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells with DHA resulted in a significant increase in autophagic activity, as revealed by increased LC3-II levels, GFP-LC3 puncta, and autophagic flux activation. EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, which is frequently overexpressed in hypopharyngeal carcinoma, was also suppressed after DHA pretreatment, and levels of p-Akt (p- Aktthr308 and AktSer473), was also inhibited. The invasiveness of cells was significantly inhibited by DHA treatment. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 promoter activities were inhibited after DHA treatment. Furthermore, the proliferation of fFaDu-sc was more attenuated than that of cells expressing control vectors (fFaDu-cc). fFaDu-sc showed reduction of cell invasion compared with fFaDu-cc in transwell chamber. The MMPs promoter activities were also suppressed in fFaDu-sc. Conclusion These findings provide evidence that ω3-PUFAs may inhibit invasion as well as cell growth through suppression of p-EGFR and MMPs expression in hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells, indicating that the utilisation of ω3-PUFAs may represent a potential effective therapy for the chemoprevention and treatment of human hypopharyngeal carcinoma.


The theme this year is Cognitive Computing and Cyber Physical Systems. There is a synergistic relationship between these two hot research topics. Smart cyber physical systems (CPS) critically depend on context and situation awareness provided by cognitive analytics. Cognitive computing critically depends on understanding and facilitating communications and interactions between computing and physical systems as afforded by CPS.


Explores the need for a business process re‐engineering methodology and presents a critique of the existing methodologies. The identified weaknesses served as a basis for the development of a new eight‐stage BPR methodology which was implemented and evaluated within three European construction companies. Summarises these stages, highlighting the need for a more integrated approach to organisational change where the human and organisational issues are incorporated in the implementation of the BPR initiative.


SUMMARY Today the internet has become one of the biggest information provider where web sites are playing a wide role, web mining has gained more important .Web mining can be classified into three main areas: web usage mining, Web content Mining and Web Structure mining .Web usage mining is a kind of web mining, which exploits data mining techniques to discover valuable information from navigation behavior of World Wide Web users. There are generally three tasks in Web Usage Mining: Preprocessing, Pattern analysis and Knowledge discovery .Preprocessing cleans log file of server by removing log entries such as error or failure and repeated request for the same URL from the same host etc. The main task of Pattern analysis is to filter uninteresting information and to visualize and interpret the interesting pattern to users. The information collected from the log file can help to discover the knowledge. This knowledge collected can be used to take decision on various factors like Class1, Class 2, users and Eminent, Average and Delicate web pages based on hit counts of the web page in the website. The topology of the website is reconstructed based on hit counts which provide quick response to the web users. This paper addresses challenges in three phases of Web Usage mining along with Web Structure Mining.


Background: The Kleiber ratio in a goat is an important parameter related to feeding and health care. The present study was undertaken to assess the kleiber ratio of 3079 Marwari goats (born from 2016 to 2021) of registered farmers under the All India Coordinated Research Project on goats (Marwari goat field unit) in semi-arid region of Rajasthan. Methods: The linear mixed model used for kleiber ratio estimation included: year of birth, sex, cluster, birth type and age of dam as fixed factors. Result: Overall least-squares means (LSM) for Kleiber ratio (KR) from birth to 3 months (KR1), 3 to 6 months (KR2) and 6 to 12 months (KR3) were 12.89±0.03, 9.69±0.05 and 4.59±0.06, respectively. Year of birth and cluster had highly significant effect on all KR. The birth type had significant on all KR except KR1. The non-significant effect of sex and age of dam were observed on all KR except KR1. The study revealed that the KR was affected by different non-genetic factors. The heritability estimates for KR1, KR2 and KR2 were 0.66±0.28, 0.07±0.07 and 0.54±0.26, respectively.


The effective conductivity of 2D doubly periodic composite materials with circular disjoint inclusions under non-ideal contact conditions on the boundary between material components is found. The obtained explicit formula for the effective conductivity contains all parameters of the considered model, such as the conductivities of matrix and inclusions, resistance coefficients, radii and centres of the inclusions and also the values of special Eisenstein functions. The method of functional equations is used to analyse the conjugation problem for analytic functions which is equivalently derived from the initial problem. Existence and uniqueness for the solution of the problem is obtained by using a reduction to a certain mixed boundary value problem for analytic functions in special functional spaces.


To investigate the wetting behavior of unsized carbon fibers with a sizing dispersion and the wettability of sized fibers with the liquid polymeric resin, contact angle measurements by capillary rise experiments are performed by tensiometry. First, the sizing behavior of fibers with different degrees of surface activation is analyzed. Increasing activation levels result in increasing oxygen surface concentrations and accordingly increasing polar components of the surface energies. These conditions result in a better wettability of the higher activated fibers. Secondly, the influence of the type of sizing dispersion is addressed by using two water-based epoxy sizing dispersions, i.e. a standard epoxy sizing and an advanced functional epoxy sizing with high reactivity. Using the functional sizing the wettability is further improved. Finally, the influence of the sizing on the wettability of the carbon fibers by the matrix polymer during resin infiltration is investigated using the differently sized fibers and a liquid epoxy resin. Carbon fibers with functional sizing show improved wettability by the resin compared to fibers with standard sizing. The results show that the wetting behavior of carbon fibers with respect to sizing and polymer matrix can be controlled by a suitable choice of surface activation of the fibers and reactivity of the polymeric sizing dispersion.


This work considers an evolutionary approach to game theory. The main purpose of this thesis is to show that the nature of interaction and the distribution of information modify the relation between the individual level and aggregate behavior. Chapter 1 is divided in two parts. First, we present basic results of neo-darwinian models in a global interaction context. Second, we depart from environments in which individual behavior is genetically determined and strategy selection obtained because carriers of different genes differ in reproductive fitness. We discuss several models of adaptative behavior at the individual level and we construct a stochastic model of imitation-experimentation. Our main result is that the expected movement of the adaptative process is the same as a replicator-mutation equation. Chapter 2 presents the conceptual framework for studying the asymptotic behavior of a large class of stochastic models. This technique allows us to test the stochastic stability of various discrete adaptative processes perturbed by continuous but vanishing experimentation. Along this line we examine the models developed by kandori, mailath, rob (1993) and vega-redondo, robson (1996). Finally, we apply this technique to the analysis of our imitation-experimention process in two-person coordination games. The main result is that multiple states are stochastically stable. In other words punctuated equilibrium effect occurs in the (ultra) long run. For exemple, in the "prisoner's dilemma" game, the pareto efficient state is stochastically stable. By using a theorem due to bergin, lipman (1996), we show how we can modify artificially the support of the limit probability distribution of the imitation-experimentation process. Chapter 3 analyses situations where each player is located at a vertex of a simple symmetric and connected graph. We distinguish two cases. The first one restricts attention to environments in which the distribution of information is symmetric between neighbors (ellison, 1993, berninghaus, schwalbe, 1996). The second case depicts environments in which the distribution of information is asymmetric between neighbors. We extend the results obtained by ellison (1993) when the structure of information is represented by a one-dimensional digraph 1-strongly connected. In a two dimensional structure of information, we obtain original cyclic behavior


There is a strong demand for detection of small contaminants in food and pharmaceutical medicines. High-Tc SQUID detection systems for a metallic contaminant in foodstuffs and drugs are developed for safety. We developed two systems; one large system is for meat blocks and the other small system is for powdered drugs or packaged foodstuffs. Both systems consist of SQUID magnetometers, a permanent magnet for magnetization and a belt conveyer. All the samples were magnetized before measurements and measured by high Tc SQUIDs. As a result, we successfully measured small syringe needles with length of 2mm in a meat block and a stainless steel ball as small as 0.3mm in diameter.


The reason of the seriously damaged carbon fiber and no obvious strengthening-toughening effect for Cf/TiC-TiB2 ceramic matrix composites prepared by the SHS/PHIP technology was analyzed and researched.The results show that reaction temperature is too high in the SHS reaction process of B4C+3Ti+Cf system,chemical reactions occur between the carbon atom and the titanium powder of carbon fiber,which cause damage to the carbon fiber surface and affect performance of carbon fiber,and the strengthening-toughening effect.In the SHS reaction process,decreasing reaction temperature is the main way to prevent or reduce chemical damage of the carbon fiber.And the effective method of decreasing reaction temperature is adding diluent.In the B4C+3Ti+xCf TiC+2TiB2+xCf system,adding the diluent of nickel to reactants can prevent or reduce the chemical damage of the carbon fiber,ameliorate the contact status among the phases,increase the interfacial strength among the phases,thus improving the effect of strengthening-toughening of the carbon fiber.


Mathematical models have been developed to resolve many problems that are related to water profile evaluation. The flow through weir can be solved using numerical methods and computer techniques. Storage in channel and river could be utilized by installing weir at strategic locations along the river. This approach might be benefited in flood control to the downstream area, but it could also cause flooding in the upstream due to the backwater effect. The problem is whether by the installation of those weirs will produce backwater at the upstream area. By using numerical equation the effective application of hydraulic structures such as weir can be determined. The computer program such as FEWMS Fst2dh is numerical program has ability to simulate the flow in structure hydraulics. The effectiveness of weirs at the upstream Sungai Plentong can be determined by using FESWMS Fst2dh modelling that is enable Surface Water Modelling System (SMS) software. The simulated water surface elevation will be used to identify which areas that are have problem with backwater. The result observed data shows that the existing weir in the channel at the upstream of Sungai Plentong can reduce to 80% of the channel water depth. The simulated of water level results shows that the weir did not producing significant increase effect of water level due a backwater.


The origin of the knee is discussed based on the result of Tibet air-shower experiment over the wide energy range from 10eV to 10eV covering the knee region. The structure of the knee is interpreted through the comparison with recent direct observations and other air-shower experiments. It is shown that the cosmic-ray energy spectrum around the knee can be understood by two components, i.e., the first component is a global component whose energy spectrum extends over wide range with gradual change of the power index by approximately 0.4 in 1014−1016 eV region. The second component exhibits a sharp knee at 4× 10 eV, which is characterized by its heavy mass and hard spectrum of a power 2 M.SHIBATA et al. INTERPRETATION OF THE COSMIC-RAY ENERGY SPECTRUM . . . index close to 2 with a cutoff feature suggesting its origin as nearby source(s).


Dermatophytoses in dog and cat are in great importance because of their prevalence and their ability to be a zoonosis. The prevalence in this study estimated in 18.18% of examined dogs and 71.05% of examined cats. All the examined animals 209 dogs and 52 cats) presented with dermatology lesions.


Abstract. Drained peatlands are hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agriculture. As a consequence of both drainage-induced mineralisation and anthropogenic mixing with mineral soils, large areas of former peatlands under agricultural use now contain soil organic carbon (SOC) at the boundary between mineral and organic soils and/or underwent a secondary transformation of the peat (e.g. formation of aggregates). However, low carbon organic soils have rarely been studied since previous research has mainly focused on either mineral soils or true peat soils. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the soil organic matter (SOM) vulnerability of the whole range of organic soils including very carbon rich mineral soils (73 g kg−1


The Phantom Cave snail (Cochliopa texana), a little-studied rissooidean gastropod that is locally endemic within the lower Pecos River basin (Texas) and currently a candidate for addition to the Federal list of threatened and endangered species, is redescribed and transferred to the hydrobiid genus Pyrgulopsis, based on shell and anatomical characters. Specimens from the type locality (Phantom Lake Spring) and San Solomon Spring are larger than those from East Sandia Spring and also differ somewhat in shell shape and shape of the central cusps of the lateral radular teeth. However genetic (mtCOI, NDI) variation within and among these geographically proximal (6– 13 km) populations was slight, providing no basis for the recognition of distinct conservation units of this imperiled species. We also describe Pyrgulopsis ignota n. sp., which was recently discovered in a different part of the lower Pecos River basin and initially confused with the Phantom Cave snail. These two species differ in shell shape, operculum morphology, and form and glandular ornament of the penis. They are also strongly differentiated genetically from each other and from (13) other regional congeners ( pairwise sequence divergence .6.3% for both genes). A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the COI and NDI dataset indicated that these two snails are not closely related and that P. ignota occupies a basal position relative to other regional congeners.


With the widespread of multimedia applications, data storage method becomes a challenging problem because of limited memory and disk bound. In this paper, we point out the benefit of network memory over magnetic disk, present the design and implementation of using network memory as a faster than disk device. It extends the memory hierarchies of computer by introducing a remote memory layer. And also we give a new cache replacement algorithm.As a result of experiment,it can speed up the access of data in multimedia environment.


A distributed mutual exclusion algorithm has been proposed for large-scale distributed systems in the Internet environment. The algorithm combines the advantages of centralized algorithm and distributed algorithm, and taking into account the system fault tolerance, while message complexity is decreased by orders of magnitude. The algorithm is completely mutually exclusive, and no deadlock. It has a high use value in the rapid development of the cloud computing today.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image co-registration is one of the essential steps for interferometric SAR processing and the following multitemporal analysis. All acquisitions from time-series images with the Sentinel-1 Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans (TOPS) model should be co-registrated to a common reference geometry with an accuracy of approximately 0.001 pixels. Such a high accuracy can be achieved by correcting the residual azimuth mis-registration using the Enhanced Spectral Diversity (ESD) technique. However, the performance of the ESD depends on the coherence of image pairs, especially over fast decorrelation areas. To improve the coherence between acquisitions, we develop a joint co-registration procedure based on the minimum-spanning-tree algorithm and iterative reweighted least squares. In order to further improve the accuracy of the azimuth mis-registration over low-coherence scenes, we present a coherence estimator by combining two consecutive bursts of SLC samples to reduce both bias and variance. The proposed method is tested over two low-coherence scenes and compared to the network-based ESD approach. The results from both synthetic and real data demonstrated the advantages of our method.


The RTK technique,along with its continuous development, has been applied widely at present in many surveying fields.This article gives a brief introduction,in conjunction with the practical application of the RTK technique,to the principles and methods of ellipsoidal coordinate conversion and projection,the derivation of RTK coordinate conversion parameters,and the conversion from geodetic height to normal height.The article also put forward,through some of the problems existing in derivation of the height anomaly values,a scheme for deriving the coordinate conversion parameters of the pseudo-geoid model.The scheme has gone through comparison and analysis in field practices.The results show that these coordinate conversion parameters of the pseudo-geoid model cannot only effectively decrease the work intensity of the office data processors but also provide the accuracy completely satisfying the requirements.


Abstract This study is based on information obtained through interviews with respondents, observations, collection and identification of medicinal plants in Kampung Orang Asli Lubuk Ulu Legong Baling, Kedah. A total of 39 species from 35 families of medicinal plants used for treating various ailments were recorded. 10.2% of the species were used to treat more than one ailment. The common mode of administration was oral (69.2%) followed by external use (30.8%).The common part of plant used is the root followed by leaves, stem, fruit, whole plant and tuber. Decoction (69.2%) is a common method of preparing herbal medicine followed by pounded (15.4%), mashed (7.7%), burned (2.6%), shredded and incantation (3%). 59% of the species were obtained from the wild, 28.2% were planted and 12.8% species of the species were both wild and planted.


An Acceptable Sacrifice is a flash fiction story. It explores Awah's relationship with tradition, culture, and as an individual. She is ready to shed the weight of her inheritance and provide the only sacri6ce that would ensure her freedom.


In the twenty-first century, many people now live their lives through text messaging. In fact, you can witness people using their cell phones to send character-based messages to their friends, classmates, family members, and coworkers in malls, schools, and pretty much anywhere else. The popularity of this method of communication has increased particularly among young people. One benefit is that technology enables people to speak with others virtually anywhere. Second, it enables individuals to speak softly, which is useful in noisy places like bars, where it would be challenging to have a productive conversation over the phone, or when extraneous communication needs to be done quietly, such as in a school. Thirdly, it combines some of the advantages of phone and email communication by allowing them to communicate both synchronously (i.e., two-way communication occurs concurrently) and asynchronously (i.e., two-way communication is delayed). The usage of acronyms, abbreviations, and other shorthand notations has become commonplace in this technology's creation of a new language form. The focus of this research is on these qualities specifically and how they are used. The aim of this study was to analyze not only how frequently but also how these symbolic expressions are used in relation to the linguistic functions that they signal, which was followed by a number of discoveries.


The design and development of whey protein nanostructures as encapsulating agents for nutraceutical's controlled release has been intensively studied towards the production of functional foods. However, the interactions of these structures with food matrices are not well understood at the nanoscale and therefore they must be addressed. In this study, a curcuminloaded lactoferrin (LF) nanohydrogel was developed aiming at its behaviour evaluation when incorporated into a model food matrix (gelatine). The release kinetics of curcumin from LF nanohydrogels added to food simulants (hydrophilic medium: ethanol 10%; and lipophilic medium: ethanol 50%) were performed at 25 °C (according to the Commission regulation EU No 10/2011). The resulting experimental data were fitted by the linear superimposition model (LSM) aiming at the evaluation of the release mechanisms of curcumin through LF nanohydrogels. This system was then incorporated into an unflavoured commercial gelatine and further characterized. For this purpose, the protein nanohydrogel isolated and loaded with curcumin was dehydrated by freeze-drying, resulting in a homogeneous LF-curcumin powder. Freeze-dried nanohydrogels were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), circular dichroism (CD) and fluorometry. LF nanohydrogel showed higher release of curcumin in a lipophilic food simulant (ca. 16 μg) in comparison with a hydrophilic one (ca. 1.6 μg). Curcumin release kinetics through LF nanohydrogels have shown to be mainly driven by Case II transport, rather than Fickian diffusion, in both simulants. The behaviour of this system and curcumin release kinetics in food stimulants showed that LF nanohydrogel has a huge potential for the controlled release of lipophilic nutraceuticals in refrigerated food products of hydrophilic character. Finally, LF nanohydrogels were successfully incorporated in a gelatine matrix and showed no degradation in this process.


(2008). 'Not Art Therapy': Revisiting the Therapeutic Studio in the Narrative of the Profession. Art Therapy: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 2-3.


We establish quasimodularity for a family of residual crank generating functions defined on overpartitions. We also show that the second moments of these $k$th residual cranks admit a combinatoric interpretation as weighted overpartition counts.


There is an increasing rate of occurrence of natural or human-made calamities in the present time. So,the issue of humanitarian supply chain needs more attention with strategic and planned approaches. To control the occurrence of calamities and to strengthen the post calamities relief system, professionals and academics are giving importance to several driving factors of the humanitarian supply chain. Public and private sectors of Bangladesh lack in expertise and planned infrastructure to tackle the adverse effect of disasters. This paper aims to find out the ranking and contextual relationships of the critical success factors (CSFs) of the humanitarian supply chain in the context of Bangladesh. An interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach along with MICMAC (Matriced' Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á unClassement) analysis has been undertaken in this study to depict the relative dependence and driving power among the identified critical success factors. 'Government rules toward risk management and organizational structure' is the most influencing CSFs that may impose pressure on the disaster management organizations to implement humanitarian supply chain practices to tackle the adverse effect of disasters. This research will be useful to practitioners to carry out effective operations of the humanitarian supply chain. .


The US Navy has committed to development of an all-electric ship (AES) that will incorporate significant technical advancements in the areas of power management, advanced sensor equipment and weaponry, reconfigurability, and survivability systems while simultaneously increasing overall system efficiency and decreasing operational costs. Research efforts in support of this development have focused on physics-based, dynamic models of thermal components and subsystems that approximate, at the system-level, the notional architecture of an AES. This research has resulted in the development of a general purpose thermal management tool coded in C++ and known as the Dynamic Thermal Modeling and Simulation (DTMS) framework. Using numerical approximations of complex physical behaviors, the scope of the DTMS framework has been expanded beyond elements of thermal-fluid behavior to capture the dynamic nature of far broader, more complex architectures containing interconnected thermal-mechanical-electrical components. The summary presented here describes the modeling approach used in DTMS and provides several examples of its use in large, complex, system-level, dynamic simulations.


This work builds off of ethnographic research and findings that argue for place as a construct for connecting youths' lived experiences and science learning (Authors, in press). In previous design-based research that has attempted to leverage students' out of school expertise into the design of science instruction (Authors, 2007), we have struggled with how to seriously connect this expertise with deep learning of discipline-specific content. In this project, we take place as a construct that connects disciplinary learning around the ocean with students' sense of place. We have designed a 4-week curriculum called My Place in Puget Sound that begins with students situating themselves in their local neighborhoods, communities, and cities, and then seeing the connection between those places and the ocean (by which they all live in close proximity). They do this through a mapping exercise in which they first map out their neighborhoods, then overlay topographical maps and maps of waterways so that they can see how water might drain from their communities out to the ocean. This is entryway into learning about watersheds, wastewater treatment, and environmental impacts of pollutants in the Puget Sound. The unit empowers students to make positive change in their communities by engaging them in an action project, in which they propose and carry out a community-based project that affects one aspect around the health of Puget Sound.


To consider the effective utilization of agricultural wastes, rice straw/Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared by the mechanically compounding and injection molding. The water contents were increased with increasing the rice straw content. After natural weathering or burial in soil, more microcracks were observed on the surface of the PLA composites rather than the pure PLA. Moreover the tensile strength and the fracture strain of PLA composites were obviously decreased with increasing the weathering and burial testing term.


Aging leads to decline in physical and functional ability. Strengthening the domestic support enables elders to manage their health and living at home and reduce their need for residential service. Domestic robots can potentially provide a broad range of support to the elders. However, relatively little research attention has investigated elders' preferences on it. This study aims to investigate elders' preferences on receiving assistance from domestic robots.

 This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited a convenient sample of 365 robotic inexperienced elders (65-99 years old). It used the Assistance Preference Checklist to assess participants' preferences on receiving assistance from domestic robots in 48 home-based tasks under six aspects including personal care, leisure activities, health assistance, chores, information management, and manipulating objects. It used t-test and one-way analysis of variance to compare the difference in preferences between participants with different demographic and health characteristics.

 Overall, participants preferred domestic robots to assist in tasks under the aspect on chores, information management, and manipulating objects. Specifically, males indicated a higher preference for domestic robots to assist in maintaining lawn or raking leaves than females (p = 0.05). Married participants indicated a higher preference for domestic robots to assist in getting information on weather/news than unmarried participants (p = 0.049). In contrast, participants who were partially dependent and fully dependent indicated a higher preference for domestic robots to assist in tasks under the personal care aspect such as shaving, bathing, washing/combing hair, getting dressed, walking, and brushing teeth (p < 0.001), comparing to participants who were physically independent.

 This study provides insight for manufacturers to develop domestic robots with specific capabilities which are important to support elders' living in the community. Moreover, it helps the care providers to identify domestic robots with the required capabilities that meet elders' specific preferences.


Suchomel, T.J. Kinetic comparison of the power development between the hang clean, jump shrug, and high pull. MS in Human Performance, May 2012, 57pp. (G. Wright) PURPOSE: To compare the kinetics of the hang clean (HC), jump shrug (JS), and high pull (HP) when performed at different relative loads. METHODS: Seventeen men with at least 2 years of training experience with the HC performed 3 repetitions each of the HC, JS, and HP exercises at relative loads of 30%, 45%, 65%, and 80% of their 1 repetition maximum (1RM) HC on a portable force platform over 3 different testing sessions. RESULTS: Significant effects for exercise, load, and exercise x load interaction existed. The JS produced a greater PPO than the HC and HP (p < 0.001) and the HP produced a greater PPO than the HC (p < 0.01). PPO at 45% 1RM was greater than PPO at 65% (p = 0.022) and 80% lRM (p = 0.027), but not significantly different thru1 PPO at 30% 1RM (p = 0.438). The JS produced the greatest PPO at each load examined and was followed in order by the HP and HC. CONCLUSION: Strength and conditioning coaches should consider implementing the JS and HP into their training regimens. To optimize power production, loads at approximately 45% lRM HC should be used for both the JS and HP.


A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar application of different content of monosodium glutamate wastewater on the yield and quality of chinese cabbage.Results showed that foliar application of monosodium glutamate wastewater could improve the yield of chinese cabbage,and the content of Vitamin C and soluble protein were increased,while the content of nitrate and nitrite were reduced,the absorption of nutrients was promoted,however,there was no clearly effect on chlorophyll and soluble sugar.It suggested that monosodium glutamate wastewater had good prospect for agriculture using.


The execution of (ERISE) framework depends on proficient feature extraction and exact recovery of comparative enhancement of resulting images. This paper represents a brief investigation of the main techniques utilized for every image recovery, whereas indicating the importance of this rising innovation. Due to the alarming growth of the Web and the brightly high volume of information, we extend the method of CBIR - Content-Based Image Retrieval system by adding an extra dimension of enhancement. The point of this paper is also to create a framework design to back querying for exceptionally huge image databases with user-specified distance measures that can be utilized for a wide assortment of datasets in the domain of image enhancement. A large number of image query results image retrieval by query image but image quality may affect sometimes. That's why it's much important to enhance the image quality for better usage of an image when needed. The methodology illustrates the authenticity of this current methodology's convenience by differentiating out its efficiency from current methodologies.


A lighting apparatus comprises a plurality of low voltage illuminators 21 , which are located behind a surface 12 and are viewed through a translucent polymeric material, which may be cellular, preferably a closed cell or semi-rigid foam, which may be polyurethane. The light sources 21 are visible through the surface 12 only when illuminated and as individual diffused centres of light. The illuminators 21 are connected to a wire harness 22 where the illuminators 21 are connected in parallel. A sequence programmers may be utilised to control the illumination of the illuminators 21 .


Unit One: General Principles of Pharmacology 1. Pharmacology and the Nursing Process in LPN Practice 2. Patient Teaching and Health Literacy 3. Legal Aspects Affecting the Administration of Medications 4. Foundations and Principles of Pharmacology 5. Lifespan and Cultural Modifications 6. Self-Care: Over-the-Counter Products, Herbal Therapies, and Drugs for Health Promotion Unit Two: Principles of Medication Administration 7. Preparing and Administering Medications Unit Three: Drug Groups 8. Allergy and Respiratory Medications 9. Antiinfective Medications 10. Antivirals, Antiretrovirals, and Antifungal Medications 11. Antineoplastic Medications 12. Cardiovascular and Renal Medications 13. Central and Peripheral Nervous System Medications 14. Medications for Pain Management 15. Antiinflammatory, Musculoskeletal, and Antiarthritis Medications 16. Gastrointestinal Medications 17. Hematologic Products 18. Hormones and Steroids 19. Immunologic Medications 20. Topical Medications 21. Vitamins and Minerals Appendixes Bibliography Glossary Index


This device and the associated method for facilitating the identification of the primary, secondary, hidden SSID value in a plurality of network WLAN system. The determinant contained in a mobile terminal determines the primary SSID values of networks in which the beacon signals are transmitted to the mobile terminal. And carried on in response to the determination, whether the transmission of the probe where the following requirements to detect hidden or secondary SSID values associated with the access points that are added determines the beacon signals are broadcast. After the mobile terminal has performed the selection of the network to communicate.


Aim A combination of PPI and 1000 mg amoxicillin/500 mg clarithromycin twice daily for 2 weeks has been proven effective in the eradication of H. pylori . Most studies suggested that treatment for 7 and 10 days may be equally effective. Few data are available on the efficacy of 5-day triple therapy. Aim of this study was to compare 5-day and 7-day rabeprazole triple therapy for eradication of H. pylori infection. Methods We prospectively studied 60 consecutive H. pylori -infected patients who came to hospitals in six centres in Indonesia and who underwent upper endoscopy and biopsy. H. pylori infection was confirmed if two rapid urease tests (Pronto Dry) and histology or urea breath test were positive. Patients were assigned to either an open-labelled 5-day or 7-day course of oral amoxicillin 1000 mg b.i.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d., and rabeprazole 10 mg b.i.d. (RAC). Four weeks after therapy, all patients had a repeated UBT for evaluation of the presence of H. pylori. Results Of the 60 patients (42 males and 18 females) with mean age (± SD) 47.63 ± 13.93 years, range 21–74 years, 25 patients (41.7%) had 5-day treatment and 35 patients (58.3%) had 7-day treatment. With 5-day treatment, 18 patients (72%) and with 7-day treatment 32 patients (91.4%) became negative for H. pylori infection. The eradication failure was found on 7 patients (28.0%) in 5-day treatment and 3 patients (8.6%) in 7-day treatment. Conclusions The study showed that the eradication of H. pylori infection by triple rabeprazole-based treatment in 7-day is still better than in 5-day. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:113-7) Keywords: H. pylori, rabeprazole, triple therapy


In china, regional investment is still one of the important causes whic h influence the development of regional economy. For this reason how to plan reg ional investment scientifically and systematically is very significant. This pap er points out the problems in China's regional investment. And then, it poses so me countermeasures& suggestions.


In light of the delayed brittle fracture of the PC steel bar analytical studies on the chemical compositions,metallographical structre,surfacial quality and consequential heat treatment of the steel have been made and a series of active preventative measures put forward accordingly as well.


Though present on the East African coast for nearly a thousand years, Islam only began its expansion into the interior in the nineteenth century. One of the most significant areas of Islamic penetration in East and Central Africa was the Kingdom of Buganda, where Islam predated the arrival of Christianity by several decades and secured a strong foothold. Buganda was won to Christianity amidst much turmoil and bitter struggle between the adherents of Islam and of two forms of Christianity, represented by the Anglican Church Missionary Society and Roman Catholic White Fathers, for the dominant position in the kingdom. Despite severe defeats suffered in Buganda in the late 1880s and throughout the 1890s Islam recovered and survived as a minority religion. However, the latent fear of Islam influenced the language policy and mined the prospects of Kiswahili in Uganda.


We calculate the evolution of a star-forming cloud core using a three-dimensional resistive magnetohydrody-namics simulation, treating dust grains as Lagrangian particles, to investigate the dust motion in the early star formation stage. We prepare six different-sized set of dust particles in the range a d = 0 . 01 – 1000 µ m, where a d is the dust grain size. In a gravitationally collapsing cloud, a circumstellar disk forms around a protostar and drives a protostellar outflow. Almost all the small dust grains ( a d (cid:46) 10 – 100 µ m) initially distributed in the region θ 0 (cid:46) 45 ◦ are ejected from the center by the outflow, where θ 0 is the initial zenith angle relative to the rotation axis, whereas only a small number of the large dust grains ( a d (cid:38) 100 µ m) distributed in the region are ejected. All other grains fall onto either the protostar or disk without being ejected by the outflow. Regardless of the dust grain size, the behavior of the dust motion is divided into two trends after dust particles settle into the circumstellar disk. The dust grains reaching the inner disk region from the upper envelope preferentially fall onto the protostar, while those reaching the outer disk region or disk outer edge from the envelope can survive without an inward radial drift. These surviving grains can induce dust growth. Thus, we expect that the outer disk regions could be a favored place of planet formation.


Well G59-ping 2 is the first middle-deep horizontal well in Gaoshangbao structural belt of Nanbao depressed area,Jidong oil field.It had a total depth of 2778 m,a horizontal interval of 198 m,and a horizontal displacement of 1097.32 m.The organosilicon polymer fluid used in deviated section exhibited better rheology,stability(the stable period is more than one week) and strong inhibitive properties and can effectively avoid the formation of cuttings bed due to its better solids carring ability.By the combination of graphite,cationic emulsified asphalt and liquid lubricant in the deviated section,some difficulties such as cuttings carring,overpull and sticking caused by longer horizontal displacement and higher deviation angle were effectively overcome.Compared with the offset well,which have a overpull pressure of 40 t or more,the compound WOB and slide WOB of G59-ping 2 well dropped to 2~3 t and 6~8 t respectively and the trip were smooth and stable.Thus the overpull phenomenon during drilling operation was basically eliminated.In horizontal section,the compound temporary plugging materials were added into drilling fluid timely in order to protect oil-gas zone.The drilling operation,electric logging,running casing and cementing were successful.


Aims:  To investigate antibacterial activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) and their mode of action against an important foodborne pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7.


In this paper, we propose two new filtering algorithms which are a combination of user-based and item-based collaborative filtering schemes. The first one, Hybrid-Ib, identifies a reasonably large neighbourhood of similar users and then uses this subset to derive the item-based recommendation model. The second algorithm, Hybrid-CF, starts by locating items similar to the one for which we want a prediction, and then, based on that neighbourhood, it generates its user-based predictions. We start by describing the execution steps of the algorithms and proceed with extended experiments. We conclude that our algorithms are directly comparable to existing filtering approaches, with Hybrid-CF producing favorable or, in the worst case, similar results in all selected evaluation metrics. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Obstetrics is the only specialized medical stream, which is associated with numerous risks to two lives at the same time during pre-, intra- and post-partum period. Among various comorbidities, endocrine pathologies complicating pregnancies can be a huge intimidating task for the attending obstetrician and anesthesiologist. Sipple syndrome, a constellation of endocrine diseases, primarily characterized by the presence of medullary carcinoma thyroid, pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism, can give nightmares to obstetrician and the attending anesthesiologist.[1]

A similar challenging scenario is being published in the current issue of the journal. From the successful management of such a case, it seems a privilege and matter of honor that anesthesiologist played a considerable role in conduct of smooth vaginal delivery in such a complicated case for which no definite protocols or guidelines exists in the clinical literature. The literary evidence for designing and implementing safe anesthetic management of such cases can be derived from only few sporadic case reports which certainly cannot be termed as definite therapeutic options.


Incineration represents a promising weight and volume reduction technique for alpha-contaminated organic waste. Following several years of laboratory research initiated in 1983 on a nonradioactive prototype unit at the CEA's Rhone Valley (Marcoule) Research Center, an innovative process, IRIS, has been developed to meet the need for processing nuclear glove box waste containing large amounts of chlorine. In March 1999, the first highly chlorinated alpha-contaminated waste was incinerated in the industrial facility based on the IRIS process at the CEA's Valduc Center. The nonradioactive prototype at Marcoule and the radioactive facility at Valduc demonstrated that the process is highly effective with a continuously fed rotating tubular kiln and with a very effective control of corrosion by pyrolytic decomposition of the waste initially at 550 C. The ash quality meets specification requirements (< 1% carbon, < 1% chlorine) and the volume and weight reduction factors are sufficient (around 30). The offgas treatment system exhibits very high operating efficiency complying with gaseous emission standards.


The racemic cations (±)[Rh(en)2(C2O4)]+ and (±)[Rh(en)2(NO2)2]+ have been resolved, using (+)[Co(edta)]– as resolving agent. The pair of less-soluble diastereoisomers (–)[Co(en)2(C2O4)](+)[Co(edta)] and (+)[ Rh(en)2(C2O4)](+)[Co(edta)] are isomorphous: also isomorphous are (–)[Co(en)2(NO2)2](+)[Co(edta)] and (+)[Rh(en)2(NO2)2](+)[Co(edta)]. These isomorphisms define the stereochemistry of these two rhodium cations relative to their cobalt analogues. Since the latter have known absolute stereochemistries, the rhodium compounds may be assigned as D(–). The oxalatorhodium(III) compound as its chloride is shown to undergo spontaneous resolution. By various reactions, chiefly with protonic acids, the resolved oxalato-cation has been converted into optically active [Rh(en)2X2]+(X = Cl–, Br–, or [OH]–). Chiroptical properties for all the new optically active cations are given.


The effect of three adhesion systems on the properties of carcass ply steel cord bonding compound of TBR tire was investigated.The results showed that,by using cobalt salt adhesion system,the optimal addition level of cobalt decanoate was 0.5 and 1 phr;by using resorcinol formaldehyde adhesion system,the optimal addition level of resorcinol-80 was 1.25 phr and optimal level of adhesion RA was 4 or 5 phr;by using cobalt salt adhesion system and resorcinol formaldehyde adhesion system together,when the addition level of cobalt salt was 0.5 phr,resorcinol-80 was 1.25 phr,and adhesion RA was 4 phr,the properties of compound were optimized.Using the optimized formulation in production,the processibility of compound was good,and the endurance of the finished tire exceeded the requirements of national standards.


Economic growth is an important condition of increase in competitiveness of the country and high-quality achievement of life of the population. Empirical data for 21 large countries in the long-term period confirm high extent of influence of investments on economic growth. Carried out to the current more than the twenty-year period of the politician of liberalization of capital movement for the purpose of attraction of foreign investments, led to opposite result. The balance of investments is negative, that is Russia is the net creditor of other world. Despite it, the balance of investment revenues also is negative and is quite considerable in size. Taking measures to restriction of capital export by the private sector, and also decrease in excessive accumulating of the international allowances by the state, will allow to increase investments within the country that will have positive impact on economic growth


In the low-cycle fatigue design based on testing of geometrically similar models, the scatter of fatigue life is taken into account using the factor for the statistical variation in test results, Kss = 1.470 - 0.044γ, the formula given by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, where γ is the umber of replicate tests. In the present paper, this formula has been examined by calculating the upper confidence limit of the probability of failure PfU for the design service cycles as determined using the above formula. It was found that PfU varied with η and γ, where ηwas the coefficient of variation of the fatigue life. An alternative formula was proposed which made PfU independent of η and γ.


Current interest in the development of a national health insurance in the United States invites a clear determination of objectives through identification of the problems to be resolved by a new program and an understanding of how these problems came about and why. Historical review of the background and the evolution of the current medical care scene provides perspective. Critical review may also contribute to better design of what should be intended by new undertakings and to utilization of lessons from the past in order that the specifications should minimize mistakes for the future. Here, therefore, is a review of major events and the lessons they taught (or should have taught), from the Final Report of the Committee on the Costs of Medical Care (1932) to Medicare and Medicaid (1965) and their early operational years through 1972. It is a personal review but by an author who was privileged to be a participant in many of the studies and legislative campaigns as well as a continuous observer of the evolving scene. This historical review was planned as prologue to a course of action. The author therefore comments on various current legislative proposals and indicates why he and others advocate the Health Security Bill principally because its scope embraces not only the financing of comprehensive personal health services for the whole population but, equally and simultaneously, the improvement of the medical care system as well. This review and the presentation of a rationale for action are timely, since diverse and conflicting proposals are now engaging national attention and are being debated in the Congress.


This paper examined the growth and development of Islam in Ado – Ekiti from the earliest time and depicts the evolvement of Islam and the contributions of different Islamic organizations in the town. However, Muslims in Ado Ekiti faced strict oppositions at its inception because the people, like other Yoruba were traditional worshippers prior to the advent of Islam. The study found out that Islam in Ado Ekiti has made great strides by 2016 and has had numerous members among educated elite and erudite scholars, in various fields of endeavour across the country and beyond. The study concludes that Ado-Ekiti recorded the largest number of Muslims in Ekiti state. The religion of Islam touched all facets of economic, political, social as well as cultural life of people of Ado-Ekiti and contributed immensely to its development.


This guide is intended to inform prospective users of the accommodations and resources provided by the Space Station Freedom program. Using this information, they can determine if Space Station Freedom is an appropriate laboratory or facility for their research objectives. The steps that users must follow to fly a payload on Freedom are described. This guide covers the accommodations and resources available on the Space Station during the Man-Tended Capability (MTC) period, scheduled to begin the end of 1996, and a Permanently Manned Capability (PMC) beginning in late 1999.


The present invention relates to switchgear system provided therein with a UHF partial discharge and temperature monitoring system. An objective of the present invention is to diagnose a partial discharge by comparing a temperature rising trend curve converted based on data visualized by mapping a size and a frequency of a charge quantity of a partial discharge detected through a UHF sensor so that a timely and an accurate diagnosis and repair with respect to electrical power devices installed inside the switchgear is performed to stably operate an electrical power facility and prevent blackouts. The present invention to achieve the objective includes: a UHF sensor to detect a partial discharge signal of a switchgear; a partial discharge monitoring device to amplify the partial discharge signal detected from the UHF sensor and to convert the partial discharge signal into a digital signal, and to accumulate the data to transmit the accumulated data to a partial discharge diagnosis device; a temperature sensor to measure a temperature inside the switchgear in real-time; a temperature monitoring device to amplify the temperature data measured from the temperature sensor and to convert the temperature data into a digital signal, and to transmit the data to the partial discharge diagnosis device; and the partial discharge diagnosis device to diagnose the partial discharge by mapping a size and a frequency of a charge quantity of the partial discharge detected from the partial discharge monitoring device, and comparing a temperature rising trend curve converted based on the temperature data inputted from the temperature monitoring device.


Mental Disorders in Canada: An Epidemiological Perspective John Cairney, David L Streiner, editors. Toronto (ON): University of Toronto Press; 2010. 432 p. CanS37.95 Reviewer rating: Good Epidemiology This edited volume was produced to celebrate the contributions of the late Alexander Leighton to the field of psychiatric epidemiology in Canada. Leighton carried out the Stirling County Study, initiating our modem approach to psychiatric epidemiology through community surveys. The aim of the book is to provide a "review of research in psychiatric epidemiology in Canada"1'5 and the editors contend that no such review currently exists. This work certainly provides a single source for interested readers to capture the major epidemiologic research that has been carried out over the last 3 decades in Canada. These experts discuss both the breakthroughs and the blemishes of these previous works. For example, in terms of blemishes, the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 1.2: Mental Health and Weil-Being (CCHS 1 .2) is criticized for choosing to only partially code mental disorders from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, making it difficult to compare these results with other major surveys. Regarding breakthroughs, the same CCHS 1.2 provides the first pan-Canadian data on co-occurring mental disorders and substance use problems; specifically, 1 .7% or 435 000 people in Canada suffered from mood or anxiety disorders and substance use problems during 2002, the year of survey. The contributors to the volume are the who's who of Canadian psychiatric epidemiology, including John Cairney, the current president of the Canadian Academy of Psychiatric Epidemiology; David Streiner, our Canadian guru on measurement and statistics; Roger Bland, executive medical director at the Alberta Health Board; Paula Goering, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Canadian Health Services Research Foundation Chair in health services research; and Isaac Sakinofsky, Canadian expert in the epidemiology of suicide, to name but a few of the distinguished contributors. The book is organized into 6 parts: context and theory; methodological issues; epidemiology of disorders; special topics, including the prevalence of disorders in migrants and among criminal offenders; mental health care services, policy; and final thoughts. Several important issues are raised from this work. The first chapter by Streiner and Cairney gives an interesting brief history of psychiatric epidemiology; I was reading this as the country was debating the Conservative Government's decision to abolish the mandatory long-form census. Streiner and Cairney recall the sixth US census conducted in 1840 that attempted to count "the insane" at a national level. …


Recently, methods that usea carbon-based filler, a conductive nanomaterial, have been investigated to develop composite fillers containing dielectric materials. In this study, we added geometric changes to a carbon fiber, a typical carbon-based filler material, by differentiating the orientation angle and the number of plies of the fiber. We also studied the electrical and electromagnetic shield characteristics. Based on the orientation angle of , the orientation angle of the carbon fiber was changed between 0, 15, 30, 45, and , and 2, 4, and 6 plies were stacked for each orientation angle. The maximum effect was found when the orientation angle was , which was perpendicular to the electromagnetic wave flow, as compared to , in which case the electrical resistance was small. Therefore, it is verified that the orientation angle has more of an effect on the electromagnetic interference shield performance than the number of plies.


This study examines the exercise of prosecutorial discretion in two areas: the decision to initiate prosecution by indictment (in lieu of a preliminary hearing) and the decision to reinitiate prosecution by indictment after preliminary hearing discharge. To explore concerns about prosecutors' use of the grand jury to pursue prosecution in cases with insufficient evidence to convict at trial, the author studied prosecutors' practices in murder cases in Cook County, Illinois. To gather the information the author collected disposition data for prosecutions initiated by grand jury and by preliminary hearing, interviewed prosecutors, and examined prosecutors' case documents indicating reasons for declining or pursuing prosecution of discharged cases. The data show similar conviction rates for prosecutions initiated by grand jury and those by preliminary hearing but a significantly lower rate for prosecutions reinitiated after discharge. Three reasons for the latter finding are discussed: special evidentiary characteristics of reinitiated cases, seriousness of the offense studied, and prosecutors' special motivations and practices in serious cases. The author suggests that although prosecutors typically are constrained by practical, organizational, professional, and ethical concerns, they may in extraordinary situations reinitiate prosecution of weak cases. In light of the study's findings, the author assesses several proposals to eliminate or restrain prosecutors' power to reinitiate.


Abstract Our purpose in this paper is to show that certain subsets, defined by commutativity conditions involving derivations or endomorphisms, coincide with the center in prime rings. Moreover, we provide examples to show that the assumed restrictions cannot be relaxed.


This study aimed to determine the fatty acid composition and nutritional quality indexes of total lipids in adipose tissue from the orbital cavity of Nile tilapia from continental aquaculture in Paraiba State, Brazil. The tilapias were captured in six fish farms, and after slaughtering and bleeding, the adipose tissue from the orbital cavity was reserved, frozen and lyophilized for analysis of fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. By decreasing order, oleic, palmitic, linoleic, stearic, and palmitoleic acids were the most abundant ones.  Monounsaturated fatty acids were the most prominent group in orbital cavity adipose tissue, where as polyunsaturated fatty acids were most abundant in the diet, with a percentage of linolenic acid ranging from 32.99 to 37.57%. Nutritional quality indexes of lipids varied from 0.491 to 0.575 for Atherogenicity Index, 0.543 to 0.741 for Thrombogenicity Index, and from 1.918 to 2.176 regarding the ratio of hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic. According to the composition of fatty acids and the nutritional quality of total lipids, the use of this byproduct can be recommended for human consumption or to elaborate products for animal intake.


The quite surreal debate generated by the foregoing question is actually a sort of Babelian confusion affecting the hydro-climatological community and resulting from the fact that different people assign different meaning to the same words. The Authors themselves seem not to recognize that they use the terms 'nonstationarity' rather loosely throughout the paper with different meanings, overlooking the (il)logical and practical (negative) consequences of basing a discussion on vague concepts.


The staggered-grid finite difference (FD) method demands significantly computational capability and is inefficient for seismic wave modelling in 2-D viscoelastic media on a single PC. To improve computation speedup, a graphic processing units (GPUs) accelerated method was proposed, for modern GPUs have now become ubiquitous in desktop computers and offer an excellent cost-to-performance-ratio parallelism. The geophysical model is decomposed into subdomains for PML absorbing conditions. The vertex and fragment processing are fully used to solve FD schemes in parallel and the latest updated frames are swapped in Framebuffer Object (FBO) attachments as inputs for the next simulation step. The seismic simulation program running on modern PCs provides significant speedup over a CPU implementation, which makes it possible to simulate realtime complex seismic propagation in high resolution of 2048*2048 gridsizes on low-cost PCs.


The theory of the conductivity in antiferromagnetic metal compounds is constructed on the basic of the fluctuational theory of the magnetic superconductors. The superconductor in which there exist localized magnetic moments was considered. It is supposed that magnetic moments are orientated antiferromagnetically in basis plane of the crystal. An estimation for the critical temperature was obtained and necessary and enough conditions of the appearance of high-temperature superconductive phase in rare earth metal compounds were got. The criterion of an appearance of the high-temperature superconductive phase in antiferromagnetic compounds is found.


We designed and implemented a de-skew chip for parallel optical interconnects. The de-skew ability is limited by the line rate and rising/falling time. We modeled and tested the upper boundary of the maximum allowed channel skew that can be corrected by using this method. This is proved to be a simple and effective way at low line rates at around 2.5 Gbps. For higher line rates, per-pin de-skew scheme is necessary to successfully de-skew all channels with excessive amount of channel skew


The concept of Hilbert–Schmidt frame (HS-frame) was first introduced by Sadeghi and Arefijamaal in 2012. It is more general than [Formula: see text]-frames, and thus, covers many generalizations of frames. This paper addresses the theory of HS-frames. We present a parametric and algebraic formula for all duals of an arbitrarily given HS-frame; prove that the canonical HS-dual induces a minimal-norm expression of the elements in Hilbert spaces; characterize when an HS-frame is an HS-Riesz basis, and when an HS-Bessel sequence is an HS-Riesz sequence (HS-Riesz basis) in terms of Gram matrices.


This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research Posters at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Research Posters 2013 by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Haugh, Taliesin; Horn, Geoffrey; Mathur, Arvin; and Wanyerka, Phillip, "History and Archaeology at Irishtown Bend: Life in a Nineteenth Century Cleveland Irish Community" (2013). Undergraduate Research Posters 2013. Book 18. http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2013/18


Interaction with virtual objects displayed in Optical See-through Augmented Reality is still mostly done with controllers or hand gestures. A much more intuitive way of interacting with virtual content is to use physical proxy objects to interact with the virtual objects. Here, the virtual model is superimposed on a physical object, which can then be touched and moved to interact with the virtual object. Since it is not possible to use an exact replica as a tangible proxy object for every use case, we conducted a study to determine the extent to which the shape of the physical object can deviate from the shape of the virtual object without massively impacting performance and usability, as well as the sense of presence. Our study, in which we investigated different levels of abstraction for a sofa model, shows that the physical proxy object can be abstracted to a certain degree. At the same time, our results indicate that the physical object must have at least a similar shape as the virtual object in order to serve as a suitable proxy.


The paper addresses the Flow Induced Response (FIR) of a sub-surface Buoyancy Can (BC) and more particularly the yaw motions possibly due to the current vortices.2D Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations have been performed to analyse the turbulent flow regime over a BC. Thereafter 1 DOF and 2 DOF BC responses i.e. yaw and cross flow responses are analysed.Focusing on the yaw behaviour, a lock-in has been observed from which yaw rotations develop. The Yaw and Cross Flow (CF) appear to be coupled. As already mentioned in [8], the presence of yaw tends to weaken the CF vortex induced motions (VIM). When the 2 DOF natural periods are somehow closer, the CF response tends to be recovered.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The growth and development of the breast is to a large extent regulated by oestrogens through the oestrogen receptor (ER). Activation of the ERα triggers transcription of genes that are important f ...


1 Synchrony versus signatures As Lange & Dyer point out, there are a number of important structural similarities in shruti and robin. The two models, however, diier signiicantly in the way they solve the dynamic binding problem. In shruti, dynamic bindings are represented by the synchronous ring of nodes. Thus the binding (John=giver) is represented by the synchronous ring of node clusters representing`John' and`giver'. robin on the other hand associates a predetermined and unique pattern of activation called signature with each concept and represents dynamic bindings by propagating appropriate signature patterns over appropriate clusters of role nodes. Thus the binding (John=giver) is represented in robin by establishing the pattern of activation corresponding to the signature of`John' over the cluster of nodes representing the rolègiver'. Lange & Dyer argue that the signature approach is superior to the synchronous activation approach. Their argument can be summarized as follows: (i) Whereas the signature approach allows arbitrarily many entities to be co-active, the synchronous activation approach allows at most 10 distinct entities to participate in dynamic bindings. This severely limits the representational and processing power of shruti. (ii) Whereas \signatures" have semantic content, \synchrony" does not. This lack of semantic content would make learning more diicult in the synchronous activation approach. The arguments put forth by Lange & Dyer, however, are based on a serious misunderstanding of shruti's synchronous activation approach. Lange & Dyer make two crucial errors in understanding the synchronous activation approach. First, they misunderstand what is meant by an \entity". Second, they confuse the medium of representing and propagating information, namely, synchrony, with the content that is represented using this medium. The rst error leads Lange & Dyer to the erroneous conclusion that shruti will rapidly run out of phases during language processing. The second error convinces them that shruti's representation of bindings lacks semantic content, and therefore, it will be diicult for shruti to learn high-level knowledge.


A general-purpose optimization program, using the meth ods of steepest descent and multidimensional Newton- Raphson, has been developed for the IBM 7094. The program can be used independently or as part of a man- machine optimization system in which the engineer can quickly appraise the effect of changes in problem param eters. Man-machine interaction at a remote location is provided through an experimental console which con sists of a Packard-Bell PB-250 computer and associated input-output equipment. The program and equipment configuration used for interaction will be described and an example of network optimization using this system will be presented. An optimization scheme which is designed for a digital computer offers a more sophisticated strategy and better accuracy than a scheme designed for an analog computer. The current interaction system is of limited form; never theless, work done with it has aided in defining the ob jectives for a more flexible man-digital machine interac tion system.


Skin collagen samples from vitamin B2or B6-deficient rats, weight-matched controls, and control rats fed ad libitum were examined for biomechanical and biophysical properties like tensile strength, shrinkage temperature, gel-reversibility of salt-soluble collagen, and susceptibility of insoluble collagen to denaturing and proteolytic agents. Deficiencies of riboflavin and pyridoxine, as well as food restriction, significantly reduced the tensile strength and shrinkage temperature and increased the gel-reversibility of collagen. The changes tended to be of greater magnitude in collagen from the vitamin-deficient rats. Solubilization of insoluble collagen by denaturing and proteolytic agents was markedly increased in collagen from riboflavinor pyridoxine-deficient animals but not in that from food-restricted rats. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the skin changes seen in riboflavin and pyridoxine deficiencies may be due to impaired collagen cross-linking and consequent alterations in the physical properties of the skin.


Abst R AC t GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) aspires to be a sustainable company and has developed a series of tools and processes to apply Green Chemistry and Engineering principles to new product development. These tools and processes are used routinely to design-out hazardous chemicals, and bring products to market more cost effectively as we believe more sustainable practices will enable GSK to produce medicines with greater efficiency in mass and energy utilization. The Eco-Design toolkit is currently composed of five modules: Green Chemistry/Technology Guide; Materials Selection Guides; FLASCTM (Fast Lifecycle Assessment for Synthetic Chemistry); Green Packaging Guide; and a Chemicals Legislation Guide. In addition, GSK has developed an EHS Milestone


For image-based mapping we need clip, stitching and projection transformation to the images of GE and get accurate registration with other types of geographic information. This paper analysed the layered organizing method of GE images. Through processing the GE images and getting pixel value the transformation of Mercator projection and Gauss projection and the resample method of image pixel are studyed. Calculational methods for the image transformation are provided.


This study aimed to assess the accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing parotid lesions, differentiating non‐neoplastic lesions from neoplastic lesions and identifying benign and malignant lesions.


Passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVM's) are frequently used by physiotherapists in the  assessment and management of patients. Studies investigating the reliability of passive mobilisation techniques have shown conflicting results. Therefore, standardisation of PAIVM's is essential for research and teaching purposes, which could result in better clinical management. In order to standardise graded passive mobilisation techniques, a reliable, easy-to-use, objective measurement tool must be used. The aim of this  study was to determine whether it is necessary to quantify the magnitude of force applied when teaching a grade I central  posteroanterior (PA) mobilisation technique (according to Maitland) on the cervical spine. An objective measurement tool (FlexiForceTM) was used to determine the consistency of force applied by third and fourth year physiotherapy students while performing this technique. Twenty third- and 20 fourth year physiotherapy students (n=40) were randomly selected. Each subject performed a grade I central PA on sensors placed on C6 for 25 seconds. The average maximum grade 1 force applied by the third year students was  significantly higher than the force applied by the fourth year students (p=0.034). There was a significantly larger variation in applied force among third years (p=0.00043). The results indicate that the current teaching method is insufficient to ensure inter-therapist reliability amongst students, emphasising the need for an objective measurement tool to be used for teaching students. The measurement tool used in this study is economical, easily applied and is an efficient method of measuring the magnitude of force. Further research is needed to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the tool to assist teaching and research in a clinical setting.


Many Water Utilities are faced with the problem of ageing pipe networks and the associated increasing costs. In response to this challenge there has been considerable effort around the world on improving practices of pipeline asset management. There has been progress in data collection and data management practices, in risk management including failure prediction models, as well as in the area of Decision Support Systems. Decision Support Systems, such as PARMS-PLANNING support long-term planning and budget settings in relation to pipeline replacement decisions. To complement these system overviews, PARMS-PRIORITY has been developed to support pipeline renewal prioritization, which involves the analytical assessment of different activities, such as pipeline replacement and pressure reduction in terms of their associated risks. Such a prioritisation model is described in this paper and includes the development of the methodology, the calculation modules, the input data, and outputs. The modules are based on key tasks: risk calculation, failure prediction, cost assessment, data exploration and scenario evaluation. The model uses asset and failure records data within a standard risk approach. The novelty and innovation lies in the application of the particular models within a specific context and the model should therefore in the first place be judged on how useful it is to decision makers. PARMS-PRIORITY is currently being trialled by two Water Utilities with initially good feedback. The assessment of the tool is by nature on going.


Based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,the design of a kind of HF modem is proposed.In the system,DSP is utilized as the core of digital signal processing for real-time OFDM modulation and demodulation.Kinds of parameter estimation algorithm such as channel estimation and symbol synchronization are used for improving BER performance of the system.The experimental results demonstrates that the modem can realize data transmission by rate of 1 200 bit/s,2 400 bit/s,3 600 bit/s and 4 800 bit/s in HF channel with bandwidth of 3kHz.


Sustainable transportation systems, especially environmentally friendly transportation systems, play an important role in improving quality of life in urban areas. Urban communities in many developing countries experienced air pollution that has exceeded the national ambient air quality standard threshold. This is due to the increase of motorized vehicles. In Indonesia, the high movement of the Jabodetabek urban community poses a high risk to the increased air pollution in urban areas. This research aims are to analyse and respond to the phenomenon of climate change in the transport sector, in particular by developing strategies for sustainable urban transportation systems. Using qualitative research, data is collected from in-depth interviews with transport experts and practitioners and NGOs activities in the transport sector. The findings of this research highlight the key elements for developing an environmentally friendly transportation system and its strategies in the Jabodetabek urban area that is appropriate and following the needs of the regional commuting community. urban Jabodetabek. By using the CA analysis method and SWOT analysis, the development of an environmentally friendly transportation system for the Jabodetabek urban area is the current urgency at least for all stakeholders and all elements of society to build commitment, and a common vision and mission in building a fully integrated and perfect national transportation system, and monitoring and evaluating the order of the transportation system and public services to date.


The discipline of Immunology Applied to the Veterinary Medicine aims to study the cellular and molecularcomponents of domestic and wild animals' immune system, as well as the mechanisms of immune response.In the most of the courses, the pedagogical practice is approached through the traditional lecture classes on a paradigm of attack-defense of the organism, although some courses have incorporated a current view focusing on the comprehension of the immune system as a recognition system, with different consequences to the organisms such as: tolerance, immunity, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. In this sense, it is important to emphasize the notion that the immune system is part of a large apparatus of balance and equilibrium maintenance of the organisms and, when this system is compromised, dysfunction arises. In addition, it is important to reinforce the great interaction between its components with other systems, especially the neuroendocrine system, as well as the complex regulation network that controls them. From this point of view, active learning methodologies such as problem-based learning aim to improve theoretical Immunology classes. An important trend in Veterinary Medicine undergraduate course is the multimodal teaching strategies through varied tools that amplifies academic performance. Therefore, it suggests that innovative teaching and learning methodologies about animal's immune system must be encouraged in Brazilian universities.


FIELD: technological processes. SUBSTANCE: method and device are intended for energy regeneration. Method of energy regeneration in air conditioning and ventilation equipment sets, comprising device for direction of volume flow of plenum air, device for direction of exhaust air volume flow and system of heat regeneration, includes the following stages: exchange of heat energy in volume flow of exhaust air coming out of heat regeneration system by means of the first heat exchanger connected to heat pump; transfer of exchanged heat energy by means of heat pump and the second heat exchanger connected to heat pump to accumulation circuit, which is connected to heat exchanger for heat energy transfer and comprises energy accumulator; transfer of heat energy sent to accumulation circuit by means of the third heat exchanger to volume flow of plenum air coming out of heat regeneration system with the purpose to cool or heat volume flow of plenum air; control of portion of transferred heat energy in heat exchanger, given to volume flow of plenum air, by control of circulating fluid amount contained in accumulation circuit, passing through energy accumulator and heat exchanger. EFFECT: higher coefficient of heat return. 25 cl, 4 dwg


United States rapprochement with China should be re-examined by taking into consideration the American negotiating approach towards Beijing regarding the role of Japan, the United States' major Asian ally and China's long-term rival in East Asia. Whilst announcing the Nixon Doctrine, which increased pressure on Japan to strengthen its defense and regional responsibilities, Nixon and Kissinger used the so-called "Japan Card," Japan's possible military resurgence and China's long-term fear of it, as a tacit negotiating tool to justify to Chinese leaders the continued United States military presence in East Asia. This article examines the impact of the United States rapprochement with China on the American negotiating process with Chinese leaders for the continuation of the United States–Japan Security Treaty and to what extent it changed China's policy toward American relations with Japan.


Molecular interaction among different functional groups of insulating polymers manipulates the thermal and electrical properties. Two types of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) are added to epoxy and the outcome is studied by thermal conductivity, differential scanning calorimetry, and volume resistivity. A molecular dynamic simulation was set out using Material Studio 2017 software to investigate the intermolecular interaction mechanism that influences the thermal and electrical properties. The results show that doping epoxycyclohexyl POSS (ECH-POSS) with epoxy enhances the thermal conductivity, while glass transition temperature (Tg) is lowered compared to octa glycidyl POSS (OG POSS) doped epoxy composite and higher than pristine epoxy. Moreover, blending OG-POSS with epoxy demonstrates a positive impact on thermal conductivity and volume resistivity, which is attributed to the functionality of side groups. From the molecular simulations, the molecular interaction energy of EP/OG-POSS composites synergistically improves the thermal and electrical properties. In the last, the steric hindrance effect of POSS side chains is argued and the modified properties of epoxy/POSS composite are associated to the crosslinking brought by the side groups of POSS.


Following the Beat Suite event that took place in Melbourne on May 12, where more than a dozen world renowned artists performed together on stage breaking down the barriers between musical genres, Red Bull decided to continue with the Beat Suite campaign, bringing the whole mash up experience to the worldwide audience through Twitter. The company…


for Action, written by Dr. Jerome Lysaught. The report made extensive recommendations including support for formal, academic education as well as for continuing education. It defined two distinct types of nursing career patterns in 22 episodic or distributive practice. The former is curative or restorative, usually in a hospital setting. The latter is primarily disease prevention and health maintenance in a community setting.


Abstract: Arthur LaRue, now retired, was a ginseng grower for 20 years and held the position of Vice President on the Ginseng Board of Wisconsin. In this interview, LaRue discusses his experience in ginseng farming, the benefits and struggles of the industry, and his lifestyle in Central Wisconsin. He discusses how the Ginseng Board of Wisconsin has affected the industry in improving quality and providing support for growers. He also discusses his personal benefits of ginseng and the transformation of the industry since his early growing years. This interview was conducted as part of the Wisconsin Farms Oral History Project, a collaboration of Dr. James A. Levy (UW-Whitewater) Dr. Jasmine Alinder (UW-Milwaukee), and Dr. Troy J. Reeves (UW-Madison).


Flaggy strata of marine elastic limestone occur in the Eagle Ford shale a t a horizon approximately 100 feet below the top of that formation in Dallas Cou nty. Anticipating the possible significance of these strata as marker beds useful in corre lating the type section of the Eagle Ford here with sections exposed in other areas, a deta iled description of them is given. The limestone is made predominantly (85 to 89 per cent) of angul ar grains of calcite derived from the prismatic layers of pelecypod shells. In addition there are minor amounts of biotite, collopbane, quartz, and lignitic material. These detri tal constituents were brought to the site of deposition by submarine currents which mov ed in directions varying between northeast and northwest, as indicated by the configurat ion of current ripple marks. While deposition was in progress the detrital, calcitic substratum was occupied by benthonic animals of unknown identity, whose burrows and trails remain as conspicuous markings on the upper and under surfaces of the beds. Contacts of the limestone with clayey shales characteristic of the Eagl e Ford are sharp but conformable. Field evidence suggests that the flaggy beds re present a level at which a profile of equilibrium was briefly attained but not long main tained along the bottoms of the Eagle Ford seas.


The collection of papers in this special issue is dedicated to Ronald W. Jones, as a mark of respect for his pioneering and continuing work in international trade. During a career that has spanned almost five decades, Ronald Jones has relentlessly contributed to strengthen the basic foundation of trade theory. Jones's razor sharp analytical mind and amazing personality continue to influence his students and many other well known scholars in the field. This issue brings together a set of papers presented by his students and friends in a special symposium recently held at the City University of Hong Kong. The papers address a variety of contemporary issues related to the frontiers of trade theory and policy, building mostly on Ron Jones's earlier work, which continues to have a lasting impression in the profession. The first three papers look at the dynamic versions of simple general equilibrium models, the cornerstone of Jones's contribution to the field. Bond and Driskill return to the classic problem of distortions in two sector general equilibrium model and introduce dynamics. In the static version, comparison of value and physical intensities matters crucially for the comparative static results. They find that in the dynamic context such comparisons do not matter for the steady state, but continue to be significant for the adjustment towards the steady state. Hu, Nishimura and Shimomura extend the specific factor model in a dynamic environment with time varying preferences, suggesting differential impact on wage of a commodity price change in the static and dynamic context. Fujio and Khan elaborate a geometric technique interpreting the value loss line, well researched in models of undiscounted optimal growth, as delineating the cone of diversification familiar in 2x2 Jonesian models of trade theory. The following set of papers point towards the restraining elements operating on goods and factor trade. Laussel and Riezman argue that fixed transport costs restrict north-south trade and lead to multiple equilibria. One can get into a "low-volume of trade" trap requiring a big push in terms of infrastructural investments. Yomogida brings in the demand factor as a controlling element in international capital flow. He extends the well known model of footloose capital articulated by Jones in the 1980s and gets interesting results by incorporating the demand factors. Demand plays a crucial role in determining the extent to which factors of production gain from international capital mobility. Marjit and Chao, Laffargue and Yu demonstrate the utility of simple general equilibrium models and look at the theoretical aspects of policy making in open developing economies. Marjit argues that in the absence of credit market for financing education and skill formation, historical ownership of capital becomes critical in determining the extent of skill formation and income inequality. This shows how Jones's static model is capable of addressing essentially dynamic issues. Protection in this model may aggravate inequality and hurt human capital formation. Chao, Laffargue and Yu assert that the provisioning of public inputs is crucial for urban development and employment. Optimal provisioning of public input relative to the full employment benchmark depends on the externality effect of unemployment. In some cases negative externality of unemployment may imply poor provisioning of public input.


The paper deals with how constraints on conceptual representations evolve through processes of knowledge shar- ing. We describe pragmatic settings of referential communication and provide a model of how names, nouns and adjectives emerge through a process of abstraction. In situations of referential communication, the contrast class - the set that intended referents must be distinguished from - is important for determining the degree of specification of referential utter- ances. Two processing strategies involving contrast classes are proposed that are connected to the nominal and adjectival levels of abstraction. Certain cognitive representational skills are needed to be able to assess a contrast class in a commu- nicative situation. We propose three communicative strategies that correspond to different assessments of the relevant con- trast class.


Let G be a graph and let N_1, ..., N_k be k independent sets in G. The graph G is a k-probe cograph if G can be embedded into a cograph by adding edges between vertices that are contained in the same independent set. We show that there exists an O(k n^5) algorithm to check if a graph G is a k-probe cograph.


In this paper we focuses on designing a customized special purpose control panel that can easily control and atomize the welding process. Microcontroller based system of spot welding machine controls the operation sequence of welding starting from squeeze time through Weld, Hold and off time. Welding current along with other parameters will be the input and output will control thyristor and solenoid. The system is build to reduce the size, cost and also increase the performance and reliability by precisely controlling the squeeze, weld, hold and stop time of welding machine. The system is used to atomize heavy industrial machinery. This system contains wide ranges of timings and current intensities so that it can weld different types and different thickness of sheets. To prevent our system from heating effecting and robustness and to improve the long life and efficiency of system we also incorporate the cooling system.


Based on analysis of the individual characteristics and needs of gifted and talented students, this report gives a brief discussion of the attributes of online enrichment and extension to support quick learners. A conceptual framework for the structure and processes of good online enrichment and extension will also be explained.


Most of the debates on the 1994 Constitution of the Republic of Malawi attribute the failure of democracy and development in the country to shortcomings in its interpretation, application and enforcement, and not to the Constitution's own fundamental premises. This approach tends to privilege the formalities of the validity of legal norms over the political and moral legitimacy of those norms or their relationship to the social, economic or political context in which they operate. While useful to some extent, this approach may obscure the fundamental structural and ideological factors that constrain the Constitution from delivering on its promises on democracy and development. In practice, the interpretation, application and enforcement of constitutional norms are conditioned by the dynamics of substantive power relations that form its context. Malawi is far from attaining full democratisation partly because the Constitution has not yet significantly altered the structural imbalances in the power relationships and dynamics that make up the country's political, economic and social settings.


This article publishes a bilingual Demotic and Greek account, P. Leiden RMO Inv. No. F 1974 / 7.52. The papyrus is one of a group of six related papyri dating from the early 1st century BC, originally from the vicinity of Tebtunis in the Fayum and now in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden. The recto preserves the beginning of a daily account of money payments for goods and services in the month of Hathyr, while the verso preserves the end of the same account. The accounts are primarily in Demotic, with Greek summaries at the bottom of each column and the end of the account. The accounts probably derive from a public office leased from the Ptolemaic administration. Lessees had to present itemized accounts of their expenses to the Ptolemaic administration, because lessees were entitled to any profits after paying the lease and deducting their expenses.


A global-in-time existence theorem for classical solutions of the Vlasow-Darwin system is given under the assumption of smallness of the initial data. Furthermore it is shown that in case of spherical symmetry the system degenerates to the relativistic Vlasov-Poisson system.


The study seeks to explore the developments of Research Universities in Dubai using structured questionnaire with an objective to study how information is effectively managed and the extent of information services extended to the users in the libraries of Dubai with respect to their technological infrastructure, status of automation, networking and information services. The results reveal that, the universities are of recent origin with strong ICT infrastructure and most of the libraries are automated. eSRM – a library software is quite popularly used by one fourth of the libraries in Dubai.