Many teachers working in proficiency orientated institutions, whether they work in national, local teaching contexts or global ones, find themselves confronted with a heavily loaded curriculum, often split into language and separate skills, and a very limited time frame to work within. This dilemma often leads teachers to what seems to be an inescapably hasty, and more often than not, overloaded delivery of the requisite language patterns, skills and strategies. As a result, not only do students suffer from an inability to absorb information and lack of sufficient consolidation time, but also conscientious teachers worry about the quality of teaching and learning that is going on under such stress. What is more, in the majority of cases, teachers often rightly feel that they are ineffectual in affecting major changes in the syllabus. However, many of the same teachers may also be aware of the sense and logic of the 'less is more' approach. Faced with this quandary, this article considers practical ways of reducing the workload for both teachers and students without affecting the learning outcome. Optimising learning strategies are considered at the 'before teaching', 'while teaching' and 'between teaching' stages, covering areas from planning and preparation to fostering learner autonomy. Whilst taking into account the practical circumstances in which teachers work, this article offers global solutions to local issues and aims to remind teachers that 'there is more to life than increasing its speed'. Introduction Teaching is a time consuming occupation, and one in which both learner achievement and job satisfaction are proportional to time and effort expended, yet one of the commonest complaints heard from teachers is 'I haven't got time'. In certain countries, cultures and education systems, however, this complaint is not directed towards extra duties, marking, running extra-curricular activities or coaching a school team, but merely towards classroom time in relation to content and materials to be taught. These cultures and systems are often those with a tradition of rote learning and an emphasis on linguistic competence, and despite the communicative nature of globally designed materials, syllabuses are often structural in design, overloaded, proficiency orientated and set to meet an examination target. In such teaching contexts, the common teacher's complaint is extended to 'I haven't got time to practise the language', or 'I haven't got time for the speaking activities'. Cardinal sins are committed; language is not presented in context, production is minimal, mechanical exercises prevail, listening texts are ignored, and there is little or no pronunciation practice. Lessons tend to consist of explanations, copious examples and repetitive decontextualised guided practice activities designed for individual learners to complete and teachers to check as rapidly as possible. The solution to error is seen as further practice rather than reteaching. Time is seen as wasted in setting up communicative activities, and problems are compounded by an attitude to error manifest by yet more worksheets. Working within such constraints, teachers are forced to misuse well designed course materials, and revert to the chalk and talk techniques by which they were probably taught themselves, however contemporary their training may have been. Most of these teachers are fully aware, however, that 'more of the same' is not the answer, that language learning is a bridge to life outside and after the classroom, and that there is an achievable balance between the linguistic and communicative competencies. "If there's one lament that I've heard over and over again from teachers it's the statement "I have too much content to cover!" It lies behind much of the resistance to change in teaching methods which I have encountered and has probably killed more innovations than any administrative dictates or situational constraints ever could." (Marilla Svinicki, University of Texas) There are however, strategies that teachers can adopt to create time for more meaningful classroom activities whilst maintaining a manageable pace of learning, beginning with a number of questions fundamental to planning and preparation: • How much can be done well in the time available? • What can be left out? • What can be amalgamated? • What can be done beforehand? • What can be done later? • What they can do themselves?


To the Editor. —Leslie Bernstein published a paper entitled "Modified Operation for Wide Unilateral Cleft Lips" in theArchives( 91 :11-18, 1970). He modifies the Millard rotation-advancement method using the same "Tennison-type but Randall sized" flap that Skoog described in 1958. His motive seems commendable as he adopted a quote from McDowell to be used in his own context: "Any new design will be adopted alike by superb, average and clumsy* surgeons.... This modification is being offered for use in wide unilateral clefts in the hope it will produce improved results." In his address to the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery meeting in New Orleans in 1969, he restated an "old wives' tale": "This is an excellent procedure for partial and narrow clefts.... When applied to wide clefts there is often a tendency to contraction of the main scar, so that a short lip results." Yes, if


This study assessed middle and high school students' knowledge of potential risks, appropriate use, and their behaviours on the internet and social networking sites, especially regarding behaviours that may lead to cyber bullying or contact with potential internet predators. A total of N = 4,215 middle and high school students were assessed in a northeast state using the 47 items and five dimensions of the 'Survey of knowledge of internet risk and behaviour' (SKIRB). The instrument assesses students' knowledge of internet safety with social media, cyberbullying, and internet predator risks. Descriptive statistics and a t-test were generated. Major findings revealed students do not recognise the risk associated with electronic forms of communication with low appropriate responses for the knowledge dimension. An alarming number of students have admitted to being bullied in school, N = 1,200 students, n = 786 middle school students and n = 414 high school students. Finally, parental involvement overall is low; middle school 33%, high school 17%, with regard to monitoring of internet activities.


The characteristics of the surface waves guided along a perfectly conducting infinite cylinder are investigated for the case in which it is immersed in a magnetoionic medium and oriented so that its axis is parallel to the direction of the magnetostatic field. The surface waves are found to be propagated along the cylinder for frequencies less than the plasma or the gyromagnetic frequency of the electrons, whichever is lower. The phase velocity of the surface waves is always less than the velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space. The dependence of the characteristics of the surface waves on the radius of the cylinder is also examined.


Renal and small intestinal (re-)absorption contribute to overall phosphate(Pi)-homeostasis. In both epithelia, apical sodium (Na+)/Pi-cotransport across the luminal (brush border) memi brane is rate limiting and the target for physiological/pathophysiological alterations. Three different Na/Pi-cotransporters have been identified: (i) type I cotransporter(s) - present in the proximal tubule - also show anion channel function and may play a role in secretion of organic anions; in the brain, it may serve vesicular glutamate uptake functions; (ii) type II cotransporter(s) seem to serve rather specific epithelial functions; in the renal proximal tubule (type IIa)and in the small intestine (type IIb), isoform determines Na+-dependent transcellular Pi-movements; (iii) type III cotransporters are expressed in many different cells/tissues where they could serve housekeeping functions. In the small intestine, alterations in Pi-absorption and, thus, apical expression of IIb protein are mostly in response to longer term (days) situations (altered Pi-intake, levels of 1.25 (OH2) vitamin D3, growth, etc), whereas in renal proximal tubule, in addition, hormonal effects (e.g. Parathyroid Hormone, PTH) acutely control (minutes/hours) the expression of the IIa cotransporter. The type II Na/Pi-cotransporters operate (as functional monomers) in a 3 Na+:1 Pi stoichiometry, including transfer of negatively charged (-1) empty carriers and electroneutral transfers of partially loaded carriers (1 Na+, slippage)and of the fully loaded carriers (3 Na+, 1 Pi). By a chimera (IIa/IIb) approach, and by site-directed mutagenesis (including cysteine-scanning), specific sequences have been identified contributing to either apical expression, PTH-induced membrane retrieval, Na+-interaction or specific pH-dependence of the IIa and IIb cotransporters. For the COOH-terminal tail of the IIa Na/Pi -cotransporter, several interacting PDZ-domain proteins have been identified which may contribute to either its apical expression (NaPi-Cap1) or to its subapical/lysosomal traffic (NaPi-Cap2).


There were three viruses which were alfalfa mosaic virus,blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and zucchini yellow mosaic virus detected in the infected bean samples collected from Hexi Region in Gansu Province.RT-PCR was performed with the total RNA as templates extracted from diseased bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) leafages.The amplified DNA fragments with expected sizes were sequenced.The nucleotide sequences of DNA fragments amplified from the samples with virus-specific primers had highly homology to the CP gene of their corresponding isolates around the world.Results indicated that two or three viruses cause mix-infection on bean.


This article proposes a testing method for multiple submodules (SMs) in a modular multilevel converter (MMC), along with its topology, control strategy, and basic design. The proposed testing method is capable of emulating the operating conditions of multiple SMs both in rectifying and inverting modes of the back-to-back MMC system. The configuration of the testing system significantly reduces the requirements for the dc supply voltage and is independent of the numbers of tested SMs. In the proposed testing approach, analytical equations are introduced in the control loop in order to emulate the dynamic mission profiles of SMs. The comparisons between the MMC system and the testing method in the simulations, as well as the scaled-down experimental setup, verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed testing approach.


Lighting control means (12) of a vehicle lighting device, comprising: a plurality of semiconductor light sources (14, 16, 18, 20) which are connected parallel to each other, and are used as a load; a switching regulator (22) for applying an input voltage from a power supply (56) to the respective semiconductor light sources (14, 16, 18, 20); a plurality of series regulators (24, 26, 28, 30) in series with the respective semiconductor light sources (14, 16, 18, 20) are connected; and a switching regulator control means (48) for performing a control operation with respect to the switching regulator (22) in response to an abnormal operation, which through a grounding fault of any of the semiconductor light sources (14, 16, 18, 20) is caused; wherein each of the series regulators (24, 26, 28, 30) by a current detection element (R6) for detecting a current of one of the semiconductor light sources (14, 16, 18, 20), a switching element (70) connected to the respective semiconductor light source (14, 16, 18, 20) connected in series, and a comparator (72) for comparing ...


This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing instructional theories, specifically on learning motivation, to evaluate a computer-based tutorial for the purpose of proposing effective instructional interventions. Keller's ARCS model of motivational design provides the conceptual framework to address motivational issues while developing instruction. The ARCS model has four dimensions: attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. Keller's instructional material motivation survey measures student motivation along the ARCS dimensions and was modified for this study to evaluate students' motivation while using a computer-based tutorial. This study was conducted in an engineering problem-solving and computer tools course for first-year students. The studied computer-based instructional tutorial, M-Tutor/spl trade/, is designed for learning MATLAB/sup /spl reg// syntactical structures. A pre-post evaluation research design was employed. A coding system was developed to categorize qualitative responses into corresponding instructional components. Qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated for instructional intervention development.


The ability of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) to generate current on mechanical deformation, defined as mechanoelectric transduction, can be exploited for design and development of numerous sensors and energy harvesters. However, sensor application of IPMC is currently limited due to the lack of understanding of the transduction mechanism. This paper presents a physics-based mechanoelectric model that takes into account material properties, electrostatic phenomenon, and ion transport in the IPMC. Experimental verification of the model predictions is also reported.


Ways to solve the practical problems associated with largescale simultaneous balloon recordings of auroral-zone x rays in the region from Scandinavia to eastern Greenland, caused by the paucity of land-based launching and telemetry sites, are suggested. Firstly, the long-duration flight capabilities of modern stratospheric balloons coupled with their westward drift in the summer should make it possible to perform such recordings with launchings from Scandinavian stations only. Secondly, the experimentally tested vhf radio range of a balloon-borne transmitter seems just sufficient to cover the region mentioned from land-based telemetry stations only. Thirdly, the CONSOL navigation system seems conveniently applicable for the determination of balloon positions between Scandinavia and Greenland. On this basis, suggestions are made for cooperative programs between balloon recordings of x rays from electron precipitation events and GEOS satellite measurements. A scheme for longitudinal shift maneuver of the satellite is proposed with such measurements in mind. (FR)


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polarizer protective film, having excellent optical grade and adhesiveness. SOLUTION: In this polarizer protective film, haze is equal to or more than 0.01% and under 2%, and a laminated film A containing polyester resin is stacked at least on one side. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


| Broiler farming project valuation has been widely assessed although contract farming term has not been considered. This study tends to evaluate the government incentives' impact on the broiler contract farming in Johor (the leading chicken producer in Peninsular Malaysia) under different technologies using capital budgeting techniques. The study surveyed 70 farms in Johor. The result demonstrated that broiler contract farming overall was financially viable. These results showed that by using closed technology, the chance to provide higher profit and reduce the business risk is visible. Moreover, when the government executed tax incentives, the feasibility of the project is significantly enhanced.


Rangelands support nearly one-third of Earth's population and provide a multitude of ecosystem services. Land managers and society face increasing pressures to sustainably intensify rangeland food systems; therefore, the time is ripe for thoughtful approaches to simultaneously produce more food, provide economic opportunities for livestock-dependent communities, and enhance environmental benefits from rangeland ecosystems. Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs have been put forth as potential mechanisms to maintain the quality and quantity of ecosystem services while enhancing economic viability of livestock operations. Free markets have long been proposed as solutions for mitigating trade-offs from ecosystem services that are not co-produced with livestock production; such markets have failed to emerge at the scale required to address global threats to sustainability. We highlight fundamental obstacles on demand and supply sides that challenge the concept of a market as a panacea; we do so through an interdisciplinary lens of fundamental economic underpinnings overlaid with a social survey of cattle producers' perspectives. Relevant to the demand side, we discuss the most significant impediments to development and function of non-bundled ecosystem service markets; on the supply side, we provide unique perspectives, using novel interview data from California rangeland cattle producers. Producer interviews highlighted substantial financial challenges threatening the economic sustainability of their operations. Among interviewed producers, 85% identified government regulations as the central threat to their livelihoods. Producers identified opportunities for enhancing enterprise sustainability via improved value and marketing of livestock goods co-produced with ecosystem services, participation in conservation easements, and improved connections with society. Only 11% of producers identified PES programs as future opportunities. When asked about willingness to participate in PES markets, 13% of interviewees indicated they would not, 45% were neutral, and 42% indicated they would consider participating. Interviewees stated trust in the market broker is key and they would be less willing to participate if there was government involvement. Ecosystem service markets—whether voluntary or non-voluntary—are likely not sustainable solutions to the complex social-economic-ecological dilemma ranchers and society face. Sustainability on working rangelands will require partnerships to co-develop strategies to build more equitable food systems and sustain these ecosystems.


Abstract This paper describes current research toward automating the redesign process. In redesign, a working design is altered to meet new problem specifications. This process is complicated by interactions between different parts of the design, and many researchers have addressed these issues. An overview is given of a large design tool under development, the Circuit Designer's Apprentice. This tool integrates various techniques for reengineering existing circuits so that they meet new circuit requirements. The primary focus of the paper is one particular technique being used to reengineer circuits when they cannot be transformed to meet the new problem requirements. In these cases, a design plan is automatically generated for the circuit, and then replayed to solve all or part of the new problem. This technique is based upon the derivational analogy approach to design reuse. Derivational Analogy is a machine learning algorithm in which a design plan is saved at the time of design so that it can be replayed on a new design problem. Because design plans were not saved for the circuits available to the Circuit Designer's Apprentice, an algorithm was developed that automatically reconstructs a design plan for any circuit. This algorithm, Reconstructive Derivational Analogy, is described in detail, including a quantitative analysis of the implementation of this algorithm.


A process for the production of plastic moldings (2) comprising the steps of: comprising providing a mold tool (4) through which at least one of a temperature control (14) the temperature control circuit (9 to 12), - - molding a plastic molding (2) in the form tool (4), - demoulding of the molded plastic part (2) from the mold tool (4), - Recording a thermal image (W - comparing the captured thermal image (W - driving at least one temperature control circuit (9 to 12) to minimize the differential temperature distribution at a corresponding plastic-molded part (2) in a subsequent production cycle (At), wherein the driving of the at least one temperature control circuit (9 to 12) is such that the flow beginning (B - wherein the captured thermal image (W


Thermal zones delimited on HCMM images, by visual interpretation only, were correlated with geological units and carbonated rocks, granitic, and volcanic rocks were individualized rock signature is evolutive parameter and some distinctions were made by addition of day, night and seasonal thermal image interpretation. This analysis also demonstrated that forest cover does not mask the underlying rocks thermal signature. Thermal linears are associated with known tectonics but the observed thermal variations from day to night and from one to another represent a promising concept to be studied in function of neotectonics and hydrogeology. The thermal anomalies discovered represent a potential interest which is to be evaluated. Significant results were obtained in the Mont Dore area and additional geological targets were defined in the Paris Basin and the Montmarault granite.


I will expose and discuss Barthes's reading of the glossematic project. Barthes has reformulated some of the most important terms and concepts of Hjelmslev, in a very different version from that project and its scientific program. Though, this non-verbal reading like the one of Greimas, or Derrida.. has participated in spreading and updating several of hjelmslevian concepts. These concepts were seen, at their first appearance, as exaggerating in their abstractness and formal aspect. So the reading of Barthes would have participated in attracting interest towards the Copenhagen structural linguistic circle and its production, more than the works of the glossematic writers themselves. We will focus during the analysis on the attempt to establish the semiology out of the semiotic concept of Hjelmslev. As a temporary research field that could sooner be rejected even by academic institution, instead of a general science with an abstract epistemological aspect, based on its intrinsic coherence. We will give more importance to the denotation and connotation, and also to metalanguage that Hjelmslev borrowed from the logicians and transforms into metasemiotics, but in a new sense.


number: 025-0093 Abstract Title: Virtual Queuing at Airport Security Lanes Author 1: Robert de Lange; MyDivvi, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; firstname.lastname@example.com Author 2 Ilya Samoilovich; Capgemini, Utrecht, The Netherlands; firstname.lastname@example.com Author 3 (Corresponding Author): Bo van der Rhee; Center for Marketing & Supply Chain Management at the Nyenrode Business University; Straatweg 25, 3620 AC Breukelen, The Netherlands; Phone number: +31 346291745; Fax number: +31 346291250; firstname.lastname@example.com POMS 23rd Annual Conference Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. April 20 to April 23, 2011


In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), there are many applications in which mobile users share information by accessing data held by other users. Typical examples are collaborative rescue operations at a disaster site, military operations, and exchange of word-of-mouth information in a shopping mall. For such applications, preventing the deterioration of data availability at the point of network partitioning is a very significant issue. Data replication is the most promising solution to this problem [2, 5]. However, consistency management of data operations on replicas is generally very difficult in MANETs because of network partitioning. In our previous work, we have defined several consistency levels for MANET applications and designed protocols to achieve these consistency levels. These protocols are mainly based on a dynamic quorum system to cope with network partitioning and node and network failures [2]. In [3], we have further investigated the impact of quorum construction on the system performance through simulation studies. Specifically, we changed the number of mobile nodes that replicate data items and which nodes replicate each data item in the simulations and examined the impact on the system performance in terms of data availability and traffic. In this paper, we first briefly present our recent work published in [3]. Then, we discuss future directions for adaptive quorum construction for consistency management.


Density waves excited by planets embedded in protoplanetary disks play a central role in planetary migration and gap opening processes. We carry out two-dimensional shearing sheet simulations to study the linear regime of wave evolution with the grid-based code Athena and provide detailed comparisons with theoretical predictions. Low-mass planets (down to ∼0.03 M⊕ at 1 AU) and high spatial resolution (256 grid points per scale height) are chosen to mitigate the effects of wave nonlinearity. To complement the existing numerical studies, we focus on the primary physical variables such as the spatial profile of the wave, torque density, and the angular momentum flux carried by the wave, instead of secondary quantities such as the planetary migration rate. Our results show percent level agreement with theory in both physical and Fourier spaces. New phenomena such as the change of the toque density sign far from the planet are discovered and discussed. Also, we explore the effect of the numerical algorithms and find that a high order of accuracy, high resolution, and an accurate planetary potential are crucial to achieve good agreement with the theory. We find that the use of a too large time step without properly resolving the dynamical timescale around the planet produces incorrect results and may lead to spurious gap opening. Global simulations of planet migration and gap opening violating this requirement may be affected by spurious effects resulting in, e.g., the incorrect planetary migration rate and gap opening mass.


The theories on literary traditions,from ancient to modern,China to foreign countries,are mainly channeled into four tendencies.The Chinese ancient theories tend to explore the psyche,the theories of May 4th era to redress and reform,the Western theories until the 20th century to reflect the society,and finally the theories of the 20th century to study the form.The globalization of the present time decides that a new culture-oriented theory should be established by converting and integrating the various theories existing before.


However emphatically Trollope denied the fact himself, it is striking that the characterization of the key character of The Eustace Diamonds, Lizzie Eustace, conjures up Thackeray's fictional creature, Becky Sharp, the heroine of Vanity Fair, who appeared on the literary scene some twenty-five years before. This study first undertakes to assess the influence of the Thackerayan paradigm on Trollope's creation. The two novelists indeed portray female adventurers — manipulative, immoral social climbers and materialistic, merciless predators, as is made particularly obvious with Lizzie's intention to keep her husband's inheritance, the eponymous jewels.Secondly, the resurgence of a former model in Trollope appears through the aesthetic treatment of the heroine, which relies on semantic fields that already pervade Thackeray's novel — the animalization of the two deceitful characters and the theatricality of their behaviour. And yet, contrary to Thackeray, Trollope abstains from building a fascinating character for the reader, as evidenced by the scarcer use of images and the narrator's bluntly calling the adventuress a "liar", which amounts to depriving her of any potential aura.This strategy of constant disqualification allows for the emergence of a clear-cut ethical position, which seems absent from Vanity Fair. In Trollope, all kinds of narrative and stylistic strategies tend to deflate the adventuress and to stigmatize a conduct unambiguously presented as shameful. Consequently Lizzie Eustace becomes a counter-model used for didactic purposes, namely moral edification. It appears therefore that whereas the Horatian satire prevails in Thackeray, the Trollopian persona's embittered tone recalls the Juvenalian satire aimed at the fallen world it lives in.


There are increasingly more competent opinions debating the situation of the Orthodox Church and even Christianity in the context of a globalized society. Basically, this debating is determined by the ideological and behavioural context of the modern man who, during the last century, entered a new stage of civilization development, "jumping" from the industrial stage to the techno-informational stage. Could this represent a possible end of man? The catastrophe has been announced even since the beginning of the twentieth century by a number of researchers. In the twilight of history, just like a genuine Noah's ark, the Church is forced to re-evaluate its experience in order to discover viable solutions in order to save, heal and preserve the whole human beings in Christ. The Church reacted to this internal crisis of the human society from the first three Christian centuries, through confession, martyrdom and communion, combined with the perfect brotherhood between bishops and priests, between the clergy and the people, in the name of God.


A finite-element approach is developed for predicting the so-called "resonant" frequencies of subsonic wind tunnels with plenum chambers. The resulting computer code has been applied to various wind tunnels. For example, the resonant frequencies for both the rectangular wind tunnel (rectangular cross section) and the NASA Langley Research Center 16 x 16 ft Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (octagonal cross section) have been calculated. Plenum chamber effects on wind-tunnel resonance is significant in a Mach number range of 0-0.5. The results are more accurate than theoretical values obtained by using an averaged homogeneous boundary condition on the slot. [B] b F {/) H i [K] [k] M [ m ] [M] |_7VJ p


Polyethyleneimine is one of the most efficient non-viral gene delivery agents. However, some limitations such as non-specific cell binding, interactions with blood components, and relatively high cytotoxicity restrict its in vivo applications. In order to improve the properties of this molecule as a gene transfection vector, in this study, we developed a nano-carrier system based on polyethyleneimine derivatives synthesized by grafting bi-functional polyethylene glycol molecules (MAL-PEG3500-NHS) to 25 kDa branched polyethyleneimine polymer at three different molar ratios of 10, 20, and 30 (polyethylene glycol:polyethyleneimine). Variable domain of heavy-chain antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 as targeting agent was conjugated to polyethylene glycol–polyethyleneimine copolymer. In order to find the most effective resultant conjugate, the effect of these modifications on physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and gene transfection efficiency of polyethyleneimine polymer was evaluated. According to the findings of this study and compared to unconjugated polyethyleneimine, PEGylated polyethyleneimine copolymers exhibit lower in vitro cytotoxicity. Polyethylene glycol–polyethyleneimine copolymer conjugated at a molar ratio of 10:1 (polyethylene glycol:polyethyleneimine) demonstrated a low cytotoxicity effect and desirable physicochemical properties. Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 variable domain of heavy-chain antibody conjugation further reduced the cytotoxicity of unmodified polyethyleneimine in all cell lines studied by 1.5- to 2-folds and also resulted in higher cellular uptake and transfection ability of this copolymer in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpressing breast cancer cell lines versus normal breast cells or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative cell lines. Altogether, our data suggested that variable domain of heavy-chain antibody–polyethylene glycol–polyethyleneimine copolymers might be an efficient nano-carrier system for specific targeting of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expressing tumors.


We study the task of maximizing rewards from recommending items (actions) to users sequentially interacting with a recommender system. Users are modeled as latent mixtures of C many representative user classes, where each class specifies a mean reward profile across actions. Both the user features (mixture distribution over classes) and the item features (mean reward vector per class) are unknown a priori. The user identity is the only contextual information available to the learner while interacting. This induces a low-rank structure on the matrix of expected rewards r a,b from recommending item a to user b. The problem reduces to the well-known linear bandit when either user-or item-side features are perfectly known. In the setting where each user, with its stochastically sampled taste profile, interacts only for a small number of sessions, we develop a bandit algorithm for the two-sided uncertainty. It combines the Robust Tensor Power Method of Anandkumar et al. (2014b) with the OFUL linear bandit algorithm of Abbasi-Yadkori et al. (2011). We provide the first rigorous regret analysis of this combination, showing that its regret after T user interactions is˜O(C √ BT), with B the number of users. An ingredient towards this result is a novel robustness property of OFUL, of independent interest.


Physiological changes during pregnancy can affect drug pharmacokinetics. Here we present a population pharmacokinetic model to describe the longitudinal change of unbound lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) PK parameters with gestational age, and to predict unbound LPV concentrations under different dosing regimens. The changes in apparent intrinsic clearances of LPV and RTV during pregnancy are described using an exponential function of gestational age. The unbound fractions of LPV/RTV are not significantly different between pregnancy and postpartum. Simulation reveals that despite increases in LPV intrinsic clearance, effective LPV inhibitory quotient (IQ) values are predicted with the standard dosing (400/100 mg b.i.d.) in >90% of simulations, with ≤4‐fold increase in viral IC50. As viral susceptibility decreases, higher doses increase the likelihood of efficacy. With ≥40‐fold increases in IC50, IQs suggest alternate regimens be considered. This approach refines previous LPV PK reports, and supports that standard dosing is effective with susceptible virus.


Precipitation of 6 phase in an Fe-25Cr-7Ni-3Mo alloy with α/γ duplex structure has been studied systematically and the following results were obtained:(1) TTP diagram for the a phase precipitation was a C-type with a nose at 820°C.(2) σ phase nucleated on the α/γ interfaces and grew into α grains as a eutectoid reaction: α→σ+γ. Enrichments of Cr, Mo and W atoms into σ phase were remarkable.(3) Hardness increase by the precipitation of σ was not so large, while impact value markedly decreased even at a few percent precipitation. σ phase was also found to decrease hot ductility.(4) The precipitation range during cooling was 700-900°C and σ phase precipitation could be avoided if cooling rate was larger than about 20°C/ min after solution treatment.


The paper analyzes vowels in Hong Kong Cantonese within a contrastive hierarchy framework. I examine both allophonic variation and co-occurrence restrictions in the language, accounting for two diachronic changes. The first is a reduction in the inventory of palatalisation triggers from the older generation to the younger generation. This is the result of a change in the features required to specify the vowels in question. The second change consists of a reduction in the set of vowels subject to a co-occurrence restriction between labiovelars and labial vowels. Again, I argue that this is due to a change in the features needed to specify the vowels in question. I argue that both of these changes can be accounted for by a single alteration in the hierarchy of feature cuts, namely, the scope of the feature cut [labial] is promoted in the younger dialect. This single promotion accounts for both diachronic changes between the two dialects.


The jurisprudence in China has its own unique Chinese quality, character and logic in the concept. Because of it, we may conclude that the present or future puzzle that the Jurisprudence in China encounters is stiu the dilemma of modernism. So restating and renovating the connotation of modernism will still be the main topic that the Jurisprudence in China should discuss about in a long time.


To meet the needs of support fabrication for sheet metal CNC incremental reverse forming,a method of generating support die STL model whose size could be adjusted according to the processing requirement automatically from CAD model of sheet part was proposed.And the method for slicing the support die STL model according to the factors,such as the material thickness,tool length and so on was also presented.Meanwhile,the method of integral manufacturing and layered manufacturing for the support die was given.Finally,the case studied for the generation of support die STL model and the fabrication of support on 4-axis CNC milling machine was presented by taking a sheet workpiece with many complex surfaces as test model.


High precision ultra micro indentation measurements were performed for mechanical characterization of worn metallic, non-metallic and coated surfaces. Besides the conventional mechanical characteristics like hardness, Young's modulus, work of elastic and plastic deformation, other characteristical factors of the worn surfaces can be determined by the method of the depth-sensitive force and hardness registration. Despite of the ISE effect, the micro indentation tests can give reliable information of worn surfaces for tribological purpose which, completed by other non-destructive investigations, ensures a very detailed surface analysis.


Nonparametric analysis of ANOVA designs is proposed to be done by simultaneous contingency testing of discretised response variables. Selected treatment-response patterns are evaluated by predictive configural frequency analysis (local contingency). Treatment response associations are defined by regional contingencies. Total treatment-response relation is defined by global contingency. All methods are illustrated numerically by biometrical examples.


This article substantiates that compliance with the requirement of admissible evidence acquires special significance for a criminal proceedings, which is proved by the analysis of various sources, including the current edition of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the article aims to determine the nature of admissible statements of the accused in the Russian criminal procedure as one of the most important types of legal evidence.
The authors of the article have obtained crucial results for the study of criminal proceedings, defined the basic requirements that should be met by admissible statements of an accused person, analyzed rules for admitting statements of the accused, performed their general characterization and formulated the main provisions defining the essence of statements provided by the accused in criminal proceedings. The main conclusion reached in this article is that the admissibility of statements provided by the accused should comply with the following basic rules: (1) the rule of appropriate subjects authorized by virtue of the existing Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation to carry out procedural actions for collecting (obtaining, recording) evidence; (2) the rule of proper information sources on the facts provided for by the current Criminal Procedure Code; (3) the rule of proper proceedings stipulated by the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation for collecting (receiving, recording) evidence; (4) the rule of the proper procedure provided for by the current Criminal Procedure Code for collecting (receiving, recording) evidence from the viewpoint of its proper obtaining is considered as the need to comply with requirements of the Criminal Procedure Code.


The architecture of Charles Bullfinch. Appendices: minor commissions and attributions public buildings erected after designs and under the direction of Charles Bullfinch Charles Bullfinch's architectural library.


The main operation of power system stabilizer (PSS) is to provide optimal damping which is in phase with the rotor oscillation. In this paper the effect of the transient gain reduction (TGR) on the damping performance and the electromechanical torque components in power system with PSS is proved. The tuning of PSS parameters are computed using phase compensation technique (PCT). Several simulations have been done to show the effect of the TGR on the small signal stability under operating at different loading conditions.


The study investigated quality assurance as imperative for producing quality accounting teachers from universities in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The population of this study comprised all lecturers and students of accounting education in the universities in Niger Delta of Nigerian. They are 2298 in number. The study adopted Expost-Facto research design, while stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents. The instrument for data collection which was tagged '"Quality Assurance and Quality Accounting Teachers Questionnaire" (QAQATQ) was administered to 231 respondents and used for the study. The instrument was vetted by expert in test and measurement before the reliability test was conducted with 40 respondents and the result which was 0.75 proved the instrument reliable for the study. Data collected were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. The results of the data analyses were all significant and from the results of the analysis, it was observed that there is significant relationship between quality assurance and effective training of accounting education teachers in Niger Delta of Nigeria. It was also observed that quality assurance contributes significantly to the teaching effectiveness by accounting education teachers in Niger Delta of Nigeria. The recommendation was that the federal government, management of various universities and other external agencies in Nigeria should not adopt the view and suggestion that quality is fitness for purpose and value for money, as this will not allow other ingredients of quality to be felt. It was also recommended that the people preparing quality assurance programs should continuously evaluate it for further improvement. Follow-up and feed-back programs should be devised to reveal the strengths and weaknesses for the purpose of necessary adjustments and improvement.


This article results at the research, like formative assessment, wich sought to improve the routines of the Health Center of the City of Jesuitas, especially in the Appointment Sector. The research objective was to standard the activities of the sector through the creation and implementation of forms and routines, and a Manual of Rules and Procedures that contemplated changes giving employees the understanding needed to keep appropriate procedures to change. Once developed the instruments, the whole process was evaluated through the tabulation and analysis of obtained data, with the application of questionnaires to the employees of the sector and also to users of the Health Center. Research has shown that the standardization of the Division of Scheduling facilitated improvements to both the employees in the sector, facilitating and streamlining work processes, and for the Health Center users, improving customer service and the public health institution image.


In a small meromictic lake near Toronto, Canada, a mass mortality of photosynthetic bacteria followed the ventilation of the chemocline during fall (autumn) and resulted in 3–8 g m-2 day-1 of organic matter being deposited as a dark layer in sediment traps which were suspended in the permanently anaerobic zone. This mass mortality of photosynthetic bacteria occurred in late autumn following the annual thermal destratification of the lake's mixolimnion. Wind mixing during this period of homeothermy resulted in the introduction of low levels of dissolved oxygen into the lake's chemocline. The ensuing mass mortality of photosynthetic bacteria resulted in the release of elemental sulphur as the sulphur-rich bacteria decomposed and sank to the bottom of the lake. The ferrous ions in the water below a depth of 15 m in Crawford Lake reacted with this sulphur to form black ferrous sulphides and pyrite which formed a dark microlamina on the lake floor. Each dark microlamina was overlain by a light coloured (calcite-rich) layer which was deposited each spring and summer during the 3 yr period of this study.

The mechanism of microlamina formation elucidated here has been based on the examination of bi-weekly sediment trap information. This approach has permitted an explanation of the mechanisms by which specific events such as calcite precipitation and phytoplankton seasonal succession are transcribed into the sediment record.


One of the powerful methods in identification and prediction tasks is local linear neuro-fuzzy (LLNF) modeling, and it has been proven to be robust and accurate. Estimating the right parameters of an LLNF model is the main problem in establishing the proper one. Usually Model Tree (LOLIMOT) algorithm is used for learning of the LLNF models, but it is a less accurate technique. LLNF modeling approach is based on divide and conquer strategy. It divides the problem space into different partitions and solves the sub-problems. In order to do so, it needs to establish three kinds of parameters, which two of them (Center and Sigma) are fuzzy and employed to create the partitions, and the other one establishes connections between different parts of the model and inputs. The main task, here, is to compute the two internal fuzzy parameters. Once they have been calculated, the other parameter can be computed simply. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is a population-based method, which is usually used for optimization problems. It works on multidimensional real-valued functions, which are not necessarily continuous or differentiable. Hence, it's a good option for estimating the internal parameters of LLNF model. In this paper, we will introduce a new learning algorithm of LLNF models based on ABC method. At the end, the comparison results with LOLIMOT has shown that our method is better in accuracy.


Richard Norman Shaw (1831–1912) was the most fertile, representative, and influential British domestic architect of his time. This new edition of Andrew Saint's best-selling book on Shaw and his work—hailed in its original version as "a masterpiece among architectural biographies" by the Evening Standard—features a completely revised text and new introduction and is generously illustrated with new color photographs, many specially commissioned.


Coastal areas are highly complex and dynamic ecosystem of interface between land, sea and atmosphere, which also suffer biotic influences. These areas play several important ecological functions, and here we can find an enormous biodiversity. The coastline of Portugal features a high number of endemic flora and vegetation with the potential to provide functional compounds that may provide physiological benefits at nutritional and therapeutic levels, as sources of bioactive substances with antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, antitumalr and antiinflammatory activity. Among these compounds, we find essential oils, also known as volatile oils, which are a result of secondary metabolism of aromatic plants, containing a large number of substances with varied chemical composition that can be obtained by different methods of extraction. The aim of this study was to extract essential oils of native plants and seaweeds from the coast of Peniche by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus, with optimization of the purification process. Extracted essential oils were tested as to their ability as antibacterial and antifungal agents, and also as antioxidants. The plants studied for this purpose were Inula chritmoides L., Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata (Guss.) Nyman, Daucus carota spp. halophilus and the seaweeds Fucus spiralis L., Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, Stypocaulon scoparium (Linnaeus) Kutzing and Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) P.S.Dixon. The antimicrobial ability was tested in two bacteria species, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using standard procedures. The antioxidant potential was evaluated and from the results obtained, we can conclude that the essential oils extracted by the hydrodistillation method of plants and algae contain bioactive compounds present in its constitution with interesting bioactivity that can offer significant benefits and biotechnological relevance.


Transient stability of grid-forming (GFM) converters has drawn increasing research interests in the last few years, while the impact of DC-Link Voltage Controller (DVC) on the transient stability of GFM converters remains an open issue. To bridge this research gap, this paper presents a design-oriented transient stability analysis of GFM converters with DVC. A large-signal model is established first. Based on this model, the parametric effects of DVC on the transient stability are evaluated by phase portraits and further confirmed by simulation tests. It is revealed that the increase of proportional gain of DVC would enhance the transient stability. The mechanism of the parametric effects is theoretically explained based on the bifurcation theory. Finally, experimental tests are performed to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.


— The objective of this paper is to report fatigue crack growth and closure behavior for corner cracked holes. An optical interference technique is employed with transparent polymer specimens to determine the three-dimensional crack surface displacement field. The local crack closure behavior is examined along the crack front under remote tension and pure bending conditions. It was observed that the crack opening loads along the hole and the free surface were significantly higher than the opening values at interior crack locations.


A lattice-valued decision information system has condition attributes consisting real-valued, set-valued, interval-valued, fuzzy-valued, intuitionistic fuzzy-valued attribute and so on. Meanwhile, the information granule structure of information system may vary over time when new information arrives and redundant data leaves. How to quickly update the approximations of a concept invariable granular structure system which caused by adding or deleting attributes? In this paper, we propose two dynamic obtaining rough approximations approach for inserting and removing attributes, respectively. The novel updating mechanism enables additional knowledge to be obtained from the alterant datasets without neglecting the prior knowledge. Furthermore, a case study is conducted toverify the feasibility and effectiveness of the dynamic computing approaches.


Affordable access to large online hard disks via the Internet has emerged by the continuous evolving of public and private storage clouds. However, difficulties arise as soon as users of such storages want to employ services from different cloud providers simultaneously, e.g., for collaboration among institutions that use different storage providers or for distribution of data backups. The reasons for this are dissimilar user accounts and incompatible access methods. This contribution describes a solution to that problem that does not need additional middleware to achieve the goal of unified authentication, authorization (AA) and access except WebDAV, which is an open standard. Our method is based upon a dynamic localization of the user by means of a world- wide unique user name. The solution is thus suitable for implementing federations of storage clouds in which multiple organizations can jointly provide a unified access to file systems that are distributed across the Internet.


At a highly automated facility in Oelde, Germany, high end appliance manufacturer, Miele produces around 300,000 electric ovens and cookers per year, all of which are comprehensively tested before delivery. To this end, the corresponding manufacturing cells are equipped with semiand fully-automatic testing stations. These stations benefit from integrated engineering and the close interaction of standard control, safety, and measurement technology, all powered by the TwinCAT 3 automation software suite.


Composite of SiO_(2p)/Ni and SiC_p/Ni are fabricated by powder metallurgy, The isothermal oxidation and thermal cyclic oxidation behavior of the composites are studied. The results show that the oxidation resistance behavior of SiO_(2p)/Ni and SiC_p/Ni is evidently better than Ni, and SiO_(2p)/Ni is better than SiC_p/Ni , the speed of cyclic oxidation is higher than isothermal oxidation for SiO_(2p)/Ni and SiC_p/Ni.


Song Hi LeeDepartment of Chemistry, Kyungsung University, Busan 608-736, Korea. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com June 8, 2012, Accepted June 25, 2012Pressure tensors at the planar surface of liquid-vapor argon are evaluated from the virial theorem, Irving-Kirkwood, and Harasima versions using a test-area molecular dynamics simulation method through a Lennard-Jones intermolecular potential at two temperatures. We found that the normal and transverse components ofthe pressure tensor, p


The tall fescue seeds are pretreated by 20% PEG—6000.The results indicated that the pretreatment of PEG could improve sprouting ratio and sprouting index of tall fescue seeds,decrease conductance and content of MDA,increase activity of dehydrogenase. These showed that lipid peroxidation was slow down,biomembrance repaired easily,germination enzyme activity improved and so metabolism promoted normally.Then,this could improve seed vitality much better.


Abstract A cross-sectional survey design was used to examine the relationships between spirituality, religiousness, social support, and the subjective well-being in a sample of 215 elderly individuals in the rural counties of West Virginia and North Carolina. The Brief Multidimensional Measures of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) was used to measure various domains of religiousness/spirituality, including daily spiritual experiences, values/beliefs, forgiveness, private religious practice, religious/spiritual coping, and religious support. Multivariate analyses found social support was positively related to life satisfaction and spirituality/religiousness was inversely related to depression. These findings provide health/mental health care providers and social workers with information that can increase their awareness of and sensitivity to services or programs that are congruent with religious/spiritual values and beliefs in order to enhance quality of life among rural elderly individuals.


The article analyzes the mechanism of price change under conditions of "Dutch disease" using the model of centrally planned open economy — net exporter of raw materials. Characteristics of this mechanism are investigated when growth of raw material resources as well as external trade prices increases take place. If the three principles of monetary policy are fulfilled, then, firstly, growth of raw material resource causes increase in price and wage levels in case of zero output of tradable product, and, secondly, the growth of raw material prices leads to increase in price and wage levels in case of any output of tradable product. However, the inflation is caused not by "Dutch disease" itself, but by the rigidity of prices, wages and exchange. It is possible to reduce the inflation by lowering taxes on wages or subsidizing them from rental budget income. А non-monetary anti-inflation package for Russia is recommended.


Computing cluster and artificial intelligence in the analysis and application of college students' physical exercise behavior is studied in this paper. The algorithm is proposed under different scale job sets, the load situation of each node in the entire cluster is relatively balanced, and there is no vacant server situation. By using two algorithms to schedule the variance statistics of the load conditions of each node in the cluster under the same job scale, compare the load balancing performance of the two scheduling algorithms. With the theoretical support, the AI integrated smart training model is constructed, and applied to the physical exercise. The performance is tested under various data sets and the results are recorded to be efficient.


Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) is an important tuber crop grown in the tropics, sub-tropics and warm temperate regions of the world for its edible storage roots. It is a herbaceous and perennial vine cultivated as an annual. It belongs to family convolvulaceae and originated from Central America. It is a cross-pollinated, hexaploid vine (2n=6X=90) (Jones, 1965). In India it is popularly known as 'Sakarkand'. Sweet International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 3 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Sewer overflows pose a significant threat to public health and the environment, contributing to beach closures, contamination of drinking water, and other concerns. Knowing when and where they occur – as well as their duration, volume, and frequency – are important pieces of information needed to assess their impact and minimize their future occurrence. Sewer overflows are readily identified by evaluating flow monitoring data on a scattergraph. Practical examples from flow monitoring locations throughout the United States are provided, demonstrating the scattergraph signatures of sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) under various conditions. Techniques are also developed to estimate their duration and volume from flow monitor data.


The English Revolution was a revolution in reading, with over 22,000 pamphlets exploding from the presses between 1640 and 1661. What this phenomenon meant to the political life of the nation is the subject of Sharon Achinstein's book. Considering a wide range of writers, from John Milton, Thomas Hobbes, John Lilburne, John Cleveland, and William Prynne to a host of anonymous scribblers of every political stripe, Achinstein shows how the unprecedented outpouring of opinion in mid-seventeenth-century England created a new class of activist readers and thus helped to bring about a revolution in the form and content of political debate. By giving particular attention to Milton's participation in this burst of publishing, she challenges critics to look at his literary practices as constitutive of the political culture of his age. Traditional accounts of the rise of the political subject have emphasized high political theory. Achinstein seeks instead to picture the political subject from the perspective of the street, where the noisy, scrappy, and always entertaining output of pamphleteers may have had a greater impact on political practice than any work of political theory. As she underscores the rhetorical, literary, and even utopian dimension of these writers' efforts to politicize their readers, Achinstein offers us evidence of the kind of ideological conflict that historians of the period often overlook. A portrait of early modern propaganda, her work recreates the awakening of politicians to the use of the press to influence public opinion.


0 i nod to provide access to information on health and heaJ.thrlated careers for American Indians, this director presents the fel1l g: (1) Int/zoduction (describes the need for American Indian health professionals and presents statistics on the number of Indians needed in the major health careers); (2) General health Career Information (7 entries re: trends, statistics, programs, etc.); (3) Health and Health-Related Career Information (84 names and addresses of associations, agencies, specialized colleges, societies, programs, etc.) ; (4) Financial Planning Information (13 names and addresses of agencies supplying financial planning information); (5) Financial Aids, Grants, and Scholarship Programs for American Indians (8 names and addresses of health and general financial resources allocated especially for Indians); (6) General Financial Aids, Grants, and Scholarship Programs (22 entries) ; (7) Private and Organizational Financial Resources (31 names and addresses of funds, foundations, and associations) ; (8) Special Indian Programs in Health Careers (16 entries); (9) Training and Education Programs of the Public Health Service/Indian Health Service (14 entries as listed in tle 1970 Department of health, Education, and Welfare publication "New Careers in the Indian health Program"). (JC) Documents acquired by ERIC include many iniormal unpublished materials not available from other sources, ERIC makes every effort to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductionz ERIC makes available via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not responsible for the quality of the origLnal document. Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the hest that can be made from the original.


e19102 Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety concern in drug development and clinical drug therapy. Severe hepatotoxicity of gefitinib often leads to discontinuation or ter...


From the Publisher:
Virtual private networks enable a company to lock in ironclad security for e-commerce transactions - and link remote sites at a fraction of what conventional network's cost. This uniquely accessible guide show IS professionals everywhere how to take advantage of this exciting but complex new technology. In true? For Dummies style, the book demystifies "IP tunneling" and the three basic principles behind it - encapsulation, authentication, and encryption - and offers proven, practical solutions for successful implementation.


The utility model relates to a microwave radiator used for human tissue microwave thermotherapy, particularly to an energy gathering rectangular waveguide radiator group, and belongs to the technical field of microwave physical therapy. The rectangular waveguide radiator group comprises four 915MHz rectangular waveguide radiators having standard calibers, wherein a long side of an oral surface of each rectangular waveguide radiator is shaped as a recessed surface having a certain curvature, and the four rectangular waveguide radiators are arranged in the shape of an H or in the shape of a window. Because the long side of the oral surface of each rectangular waveguide radiator is shaped as a recessed surface having a certain curvature and a concave lens is formed, so energy gathering effect can be achieved at the oral surface of each rectangular waveguide radiator along the length direction. Because the oral surface of each rectangular waveguide radiator can form a concave lens shape having a certain curvature and approximate to a secondary curved surface, so the oral surface of the whole rectangular waveguide radiator group can generate an energy gathering effect.


ABSTRACT Two py-functionalized perylene bisimide ligands were synthesized and used to make bimetallic half-sandwich Ru(II) complexes. These were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C CPMAS SSNMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The complexes are wheel-and-axle (waa) compounds, where the axle is the divergent ligand and the wheels are the [(p-cymene)RuCl2] units. The complexes, but not the free ligands, showed absorption of volatile organic compounds such as toluene and xylenes through heterogeneous solid/gas uptakes. The reactivity is ascribable to the waa geometry, likely by an upset of the high stacking characterizing the crystalline frameworks of the free ligands. The kinetic profiles of the uptake reactions were determined.


While myocardial ischaemia enhances the cardiotoxicity of local anaesthetics, the pharmacological background remains unclear. Cardiolipin (CL) localized in mitochondrial membranes is possibly the site of cardiotoxic action of local anaesthetics and peroxynitrite is produced by cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion. We verified the hypothetic mechanism that local anaesthetics may interact with CL‐containing biomembranes to change the membrane biophysical property and their membrane interactions may be increased by peroxynitrite. Biomimetic membranes were prepared with different phospholipids and cholesterol of varying compositions. The membrane preparations were reacted with peroxynitrite of pathologically relevant concentrations and local anaesthetics (bupivacaine and lidocaine) of a cardiotoxic concentration separately or in combination. Changes in membrane fluidity were determined by measuring fluorescence polarization. Peroxynitrite decreased the fluidity of biomimetic membranes at 0.1–10 μM with the relative potency being CL>1‐stearoyl‐2‐arachidonoylphosphatidylcholine>1,2‐dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine‐constituting membranes, indicating the lipid peroxidation‐induced membrane rigidification determined by the unsaturation degree of membrane lipids. When treated with 0.1–10 μM peroxynitrite, biomimetic membranes were more rigid with elevating the CL content from 0% to 30 mol%, suggesting that CL is a primary target of peroxynitrite. Bupivacaine and lidocaine fluidized at 200 μM biomimetic membranes containing 10 mol% CL and their effects were increased by pre‐treating the membranes with 0.1 and 1 μM peroxynitrite. Cardiotoxic bupivacaine and lidocaine increasingly interact with CL‐containing mitochondria model membranes which are relatively rigidified by peroxynitrite. Such an increasing membrane interaction may be, at least in part, responsible for the local anaesthetic cardiotoxicity enhanced by myocardial ischaemia.


16010 Background: Intraperitoneal interferon therapy has been shown to have response rates as high as 45% in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Continued exposure has also been associated with the effectiveness of interferon treatment. The purpose of this study was evaluate the optimum dose and toxicity profile of PEG INTRON given subcutaneously (SC) on a weekly schedule to women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Methods: Women with platinum-resistant ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer were eligible. Those whose tumors tested positive for IL-8, bFGF, or VEGF were randomized to three PEG INTRON treatment doses, 1.0, 1.25, or 1.5 micrograms/kg/wk SC for a total of 4 weekly injections per cycle. Re-evaluation for tumor response by imaging, physical exam and CA-125 was performed every 2 -3 cycles (8 - 12 weeks). Up to 12 cycles of treatment was allowed. Treatment was continued until progression of disease or unacceptable toxicity. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled, only 17 received ...


Abstract A 63-year-old man presented with a 4-day history of right sided loin-to-groin pain. Computed tomography imaging revealed a 22 mm by 7 mm volume of contiguous ureteric calculi at the right vesicoureteric junction. Spontaneous steinstrasse was diagnosed with no recent history of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or other urological intervention to the right kidney. Metabolic testing was negative. An initial plan was made for urgent primary ureteroscopy and lithotripsy, however, the patient spontaneously passed 20–25 calculi at home whilst awaiting his operation date. He was reviewed in clinic and his symptoms had resolved. His ureteroscopy was cancelled. This case represents an example of spontaneous steinstrasse with no identified causative factors, a rare occurrence on which little literature is available presenting a management dilemma to the treating clinician. The case described resolved prior to intervention prompting us to suggest that spontaneous steinstrasse can be initially managed conservatively, as in ESWL-associated steinstrasse.


For the purpose of studying the effect of structural changes in the dilution zone on the main performance evaluation parameters of the combustor, a can-type combustor of a micro gas turbine containing 16 dilution holes was used as the original structure. Seven optimization cases were designed by adjusting the number of dilution holes and the area of single hole in the range of hole numbers from 8 to 28 while keeping the total area of dilution holes. The main conclusions obtained by the numerical simulation study are as follows. The total flow of the dilution zone decreases with the number of holes reduce but due to the increase of single hole flow with the area, the airflow rigidity is significantly enhanced, so the entire airflow is disturbed more strongly and the dilution effect is strengthened. In general, the total pressure loss of the combustor presented an increasing trend with the decrease in the number of holes, and the pressure loss reaches a minimum value of 3400 Pa when the number of holes is 14. The combustion efficiency decreased as the number of holes increased, when the hole numbers increased to 20, the combustion efficiency dropped abruptly below 95%. The variation tendency of outlet temperature distribution factor (OTDF) is generally consistent with the combustion efficiency, and the minimum OTDF is 0.29 for the number of holes of 28. In summary, compared with the original structure with 16 holes, the OTDF decreases by 7.69%, the NOx concentration decreases by 16.67%, and the combustion efficiency increases by 3.1% when the number of holes is 8. Although the total pressure loss is increased by 8%, it is still within a reasonable range. Therefore the combustor with 8 holes can be considered a better optimized case.


Web prefetching is an important aspect to find the possibility of finding which object would be requested in near future. Demand of internet and easy accessibility of information, communication and flexibility had put gigantic pressures on the principal infrastructure of WWW. Web prefetching is one of the techniques proposed to reduce user's perceived latencies in the World Wide Web. The spatial locality shown by user's accesses makes it possible to predict future accesses based on the previous ones. A prefetching engine uses these predictions to prefetch the web objects before the user demands them. Web prefetching is becoming important and demanding, even though the Web caching technique has been improved. Web prefetching is an effective tool for improving the access to the World Wide Web.


Objective To investigate the changes of blood coagulation state and some prothrombin's function in newborn piglets at different time after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods The study was performed on newborn swines (n=40), in which the left carotid was ligated and the animals were treated under hypoxia(8% oxygen)for two hours. APTT,PT,TT and the activities of prothrombin Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅸ and Ⅺ were measured at once and at 24,48,72 hours respectively after hypoxia and compared with the control group. Results APTT, PT and TT shortened and the activities of prothrombin Ⅱ,Ⅴ elevated obviously at HIBD 48h (P0. 05). The activities of prothrombin Ⅸ and Ⅺ rose to the highest level at HIBD 48h. Conclusion In neonatal swings with HIBD, the blood coagulation state changed. At HIBD 48h, the piglets were at high coagulability, which may be related to the brain infarction in HIE.


The invention relates to addition compounds which are obtainable by reacting a) one or more polyisocyanates containing uretdione groups with b) one or more compounds of the formula (I) Y-(XH)n(I) with the proviso that at least 50% of the free isocyanate groups of component a) are reacted with the compounds of the formula (I) to give an intermediate which contains uretdione groups, and subsequently the intermediate is reacted with c) one or more compounds of the general formula (II) Z-NHRm(II) with the proviso that all free NCO groups optionally still present and at least 20% of uretdione groups originally used are reacted with Z-(NHR)m. The invention further relates to the use of the addition compounds as dispersants and dispersion stabilizers, and to a process for preparing them.


The article considers general problems of implementing the enterprise risk management procedure. One of the ways to solve the problems arising when meeting Russian state standard ISO 9001-2015 requirements concerning risk-oriented thinking is presented. A risk assessment control model aimed at coordinating all kinds of the enterprise departments activities, forming a clear algorithm of risk management procedure implementation and attracting a greater number of employees towards this activity is offered.


Succinct data structures are becoming increasingly popular in big data processing applications due to their low memory consumption. However, a feature that is currently lacking from most implementations of succinct data structures is dynamism. In this paper we design, implement, and test a general framework that allows for practical dynamic succinct structures. Firstly, a key component of our approach is careful memory management, which is often overlooked in the succinct data structures literature. Most succinct data structures allocate and deallocate relatively small data blocks each time a modify, insert, or delete operation occurs. We demonstrate experimentally that the space cost of neglecting memory management can be over 25% for dynamic data structures of this type. Secondly, using our memory management approach, we describe implementations of compressed modifiable bit vectors, and extended compressed random access memory (recently proposed by Jansson, Sadakane, and Sung [ICALP 2012]). Finally, we implement and test our data structures using several popular compression libraries, and both synthetic data (for the compressed modifiable bit vector) and a real-world temporal graph (for the extended compressed random access memory). Our data structures provide an easy to use interface that allow standard algorithms (in our example, breadth-first search in a graph) to be ∗Universitat des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken, Germany; Email: firstname.lastname@example.com; Corresponding Author †Bell Labs, Dublin, Ireland; Email: email@example.com run on top of the compressed data, decreasing memory consumption at the expense of running time.


Experiments were conducted on equilibrium distribution of citric acid between aqueous solutions and tri-n-octylamine (TOA)-impregnated resins in the 288-318 K temperature range. Analysis of the results showed that the sorption of citric acid could be explained by the formation of acid-TOA complexes in the resin phase with the general composition (H 3 A) p (TOA) q . Mole fraction of the complexes formed in the resin phase as a function of citric acid concentration in the aqueous solution was obtained. The effect of temperature on equilibrium distribution was also studied, and the apparent thermodynamic data for sorption reactions were determined. Finally, the distribution of citric acid between aqueous solutions and the resins impregnating with a mature of TOA and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid was examined


Using a weak deformation parameter approximation of paraquantum systems, the Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator is studied and the eigenfunctions as well as the eigenvalues are derived.


Wheat straw was modified with malonic acid in order to get low cost adsorbent have a good ability to remove copper and ferric ions from aqueous solutions, chemical modification temperature was 120°C and the time was 12 h. Parameters that affect the adsorption experiments were studied and found the optimum pH were 6 and 5 for copper and iron respectively and the time interval was 120 min and the adsorbent mass was 0.1 g. The values for adsorption isotherms parameters were determined according to Langmuir [qmax were 54.64 and 61.7 mg/g while b values were 0.234 and 0.22 mg/l] , Freundlich [Kf were 16.07 and 18.89 mg/g and n were 2.77 and 3.16], Temkin [B were 0.063 and 0.074 j/mol and At were 0.143 and 1.658 l/g] and for Dubinin-Radushkevich [Kad were 3*10 and 9*10 , qs were 48.42 and 44.70 mg/g, E were 0.408 and 0.745 Kj/mol] for copper and iron ions respectively. The adsorption for both ions are physical since the n values in Freundlich were more than 1, the mean of free energy for DubininRadushkevich were 0.408 and 0.745 Kj/mol and B values for Temkin equation B were 0.063 and 0.074 j/mol.


The invention discloses a method for synthesizing an aprepitant intermediate (2R, 3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyoxyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-morpholine hydrochloride I. The method comprises the following steps: performing a condensation reaction on the raw materials 4-benzyl-2-hydroxy-morpholine-3-one II and (R)-1-[3,5-bi(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol III in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a compound IV, adding a Grignard reagent to the obtained compound IV for having a Grignard reaction and converting the compound IV into a compound V under a reduction condition, and performing a hydrochlorination reaction on the obtained compound V to obtain the target compound I. The method is simple in preparation flow and suitable for industrial production, and has the advantages of high total recovery, convenient intermediate purification, high target product purity and the like.


Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents an increasing burden throughout the world. Whilst male mortality from COPD has been falling for 30 years, female mortality has risen steadily during the same period and a strong socioeconomic gradient in morbidity and mortality persists. This study aimed to understand whether these trends have continued in a contemporary cohort of patients. Methods: We used primary care data (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) linked with mortality data (Office for National Statistics) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD 2015) to calculate all-cause mortality rates by sex and age. Results: We identified 137,709 COPD patients, 45.5% were female (n=24,696), 30% current smokers (n=16,042) and mean age at death was 79 years (SD = 10). The age standardised mortality rate of patients with COPD was 1,503 per 100,000 person years (SD = 1,492 – 1,513). The overall COPD mortality rate was 73% higher than the general population. In 2010, mortality rates were higher among males compared to females (figure). Conclusions: Differences in mortality rates between men and women persist and COPD patient mortality rates are much higher than the general population.


Since 2008, the world's economic situation has witnessed many changes, which has caused substantial effect for Viet Nam such as inflation, unemployment, lower living standards, etc. the Government has issued many policies to stabilize the economy, including Price Stabilization policy, which helps low – income people to ensure consumption of essential goods. In 2011, Ha Noi, the economic centre of the country, made a decision to carry out the Price Stabilization policy food goods in Ha Noi (according to 1907QD – UBND, April 26th, 2011).


Directionally solidified aluminum-indium alloys of the monotectic composition were found to form an in situ rod composite which obeys a lambda exp 2 R = constant relation. The experimental data shows good agreement with previously reported results. A theoretical boundary between cellular and dendritic growth conditions was derived and compared with experiments. The unique wetting characteristics of the monotectic alloys can be utilized to tailor the interface structure in metal matrix composites. Metal matrix composites with monotectic and hypermonotectic Al-In matrices were made by pressure infiltration, remelted and directionally solidified to observe the wetting characteristics of the alloys as well as the effect on structure of solidification in the constrained field of the fiber interstices. Models for monotectic growth are modified to take into account solidification in these constrained fields.


Natural cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK) cells is believed to play an important role in host anticancer defense mechanisms. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of NK cell activity after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.


According to the analysis of the affections of the coding strategies and the basic operators,including crossover and mutation,we find that the schema theory can not analyse the Genetic Algorithm very well when it is used to solve the Traveling Salesman Problems(TSP).Because the non-binary coding strategy and the crossover overly destroy the TSP path,the good schema of the parents can not be inherited effectively.In order to overcome the above shortcoming of the Genetic Algorithm,a new artificial immune system algorithm for TSP,Hyper-mutation Antibody Clone Selection Algorithm(HACSA),is put forward in this paper.A new triangle-based path representation is adopted,and some heuristic mutation strategies based on the triangle coding method are also designed.The antibody clonal selection theory of immunology is used to enhance the local search performance of the antibody.Both HACSA algorithm and the corresponding genetic algorithms are implemented to the typical traveling salesman problems respectively.Experiments indicate that HACSA,behaving as an evolutionary strategy,is shown to be capable of solving complex machine learning tasks effectively like TSP.The experimental results show that HACSA can achieve or exceed the known optimal solution in over 60% problems,but that almost all the corresponding immune system algorithms and genetic algorithms fall into the local maximum,and they can not lead to the satisfied solutions.


Private banking business in western countries has several hundred years of development history.In China,because of financial legislation is still in its infancy,the private banking business is in its infancy,the private banking business is faced with significant risks and security risks of the vague policy,legal and regulatory vacuum.This article discuses the China's private banking business risk prevention from a legal point of view,and proposes the suggestion to prevent the risk of our private banking.


In line with the emphasis on the importance of nature of science recently, this paper examines the degree and level at which the 2009-revised convergence science textbook, developed from the common science under the 7th curriculum in South Korea, reflected nature of science according to the development of curriculum. 'Nature of science' was classified according to scientific view which represents scientists' view and naive view which represents general thinking and scientific error concepts. Also, 'Nature of science' was classified according to the explicit method and implicit method in terms of teaching method. The level of nature of science was defined using the four occasions of scientific view, naive view, explicit teaching and implicit teaching. In order to identify the components and level of nature of science reflected in the textbook, using the 10 items which refer to Lederman(2001)'s 7 definitions, NOSAT (Nature of Science Analyzing Tool) was developed and used. The results are that, since the educational curriculum is changed from common science under 7th curriculum to 2009-revised convergence science, the degree of reflection was rather a withdrawal. On parts of theories of 7th common science curriculum except research parts, it was difficult to find explicit nature of science. Also on 2009-revised curriculum, nature of science, which is seen on 2007 curriculum, disappeared. It is suggested that the future curriculum emphasizes the importance of nature of science, and bolster the reflection of nature of science according to the changing curriculum. Nature of science should not be expressed limitedly, but instead, should be more positively reflected, and the reflection method should be not implicit but explicit, allowing direct teaching. Towards that end, writers of the textbook should have an accurate understanding of nature of science. And, for the right teaching, teachers' capabilities are important and it is necessary to train teachers to understand and act for nature of science.


1. Introduction The objective of an economic policy is to ensure development that is generally expressed in a higher living standard of the population. Throughout history, the development of the sectors of economy that have higher value added has contributed to a higher living standard. Until now, industrial sectors have been such sectors of the economy, because it is namely industry where almost monopolistic competitive advantages can be achieved and thus remarkable profits earned. (1) Furthermore, it is a historical fact that a technological development in industry will bring about higher wages, while a development in the service sector and agriculture will occasion a decline in market prices. That phenomenon can essentially be explained by the circumstance that a technological development constitutes an input in the service sector and agriculture (in the form of new instruments), which provides a competitive edge for a certain period only, as the same input is freely available to the competitors in the market as well. Then again, in industry the very same new technological solution can be protected in various ways. For example, patents constitute a typical protection mechanism. Therefore, severe price competition is inherent in the service and agricultural sectors, which, in turn, occasions remarkable aids to the agriculture in developed countries. Contrarily, in industry the competition is more dynamic and competitive advantages are essentially much deeper, because industry usually requires intensive development activities, an extensive educational base, close relations with sub-contractors, etc. Hence, an improvement in the living standard stems from technologies (i.e. skills) that, while spreading from one economic sector to another in the form of innovations, also enable other sectors to increase the added value created by them. (2) However, it is important that such development activities and innovations occur in the private sector to a great extent, because competition in the open market prevents monopolistic markets from rising to the fore, thus enabling consumers to keep down expenses. On the other hand, it is the market competition that leads to the increasing spread of technologies and innovations (because the competitors seek to achieve the same competitive edge), which in turn causes a decrease of value added and hence the need to look for new technological solutions to achieve a greater value added (that is why the pharmaceutical industry is now investing in biotechnology, and the IT industry is investing in material technologies). Hence, entrepreneurs are those who search and find new technological and innovative solutions, thus creating greater value added (Schumpeter 2002). Historically, the role of public policy has been to encourage entrepreneurs (through tax incentives, investments in education and infrastructure, creation of a safe legal environment and many other means) to move into sectors with higher value added. As was mentioned, the public sector is interested in that process mainly because the sectors characterised by higher value added and intensive application of technologies also enable employees to earn notably higher wages--while technological development is contingent upon people and their skills, companies are motivated to pay higher wages to employees as revenues grow. In turn, the government is thus able to increase state revenues both through direct and indirect taxes and thereafter place investments in social security spheres, education, infrastructure, etc. (3) Therefore, an innovation policy aims at creating the conditions necessary for ensuring that the private sector's resources are transferred to technology-intensive sectors that are also characterised by high value added. Historical development and geographical conditions inevitably create both different advantages and different needs for each country. Politically speaking, an innovation policy should be targeted at establishing priorities and creating means for implementing these priorities. …


Summary Su-4885 decreased myocardial contractility, arterial blood pressure, aortic blood flow and heart rate in intact dogs. Degree of cardiovascular inhibition as well as recovery time were dose dependent. The drug inhibited cardiovascular function in the presence of relatively high concentrations of cortisol. The impairment of cardiovascular function cannot be ascribed to corticosteroid insufficiency. Su-4885, in concentrations similar to those estimated to exist in the body fluids of these dogs, exerted a negative inotropic response in isolated cat papillary muscle preparations.


The experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, VA, to test various insecticides and insecticide application methods for tobacco aphid control on dark-fired tobacco. Tobacco was transplanted into Wedowee sandy loam soil on 17 May. Experimental plots were 1 row (4 ft) wide × 40 ft (24 plants) long and separated by single, untreated, border rows. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was utilized to evaluate the treatments. Blocks were separated by 5 or 10 ft vacant alleys. Except for insect control, production practices followed recommendations of the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. Immediately after transplanting, transplant water (TPW) treatments were applied with a measuring cup at 8 fl oz/plant (314 gal/acre) to designated plots. Foliar treatments were applied on 9 Jul with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 26.4 gal/acre through 3 TX-10 hollow cone nozzles/row at 60 psi. Temik was applied before transplanting in a 12-inch band using a Gandy granular applicator and was incorporated immediately by bedding. Aphid numbers were estimated for the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA, SAS 1985) and significant means (P = 0.05) were separated using DMRT. Aphid data were transformed to log(x+1) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the tables.


Objective To investigate the ablation effect of different combinations of radiofrequency ablation(RFA) and percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI) on the normal rabbit liver tissue,and to evaluate their safety,effectiveness and practicality.Methods Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study.The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: group A(RFA followed by PEI),group B(PEI followed by RFA),group C(RFA along) and group D(PEI along).The serum ALT,AST and Cr levels were tested before the procedure as well as at one,3 and 7 days after the procedure.After the procedure,contrast-enhanced CT scanning was carried out in all animals and the volume of ablated liver tissue was calculated.The results were analyzed.Results One day before the treatment,the differences in the serum ALT,AST and Cr levels among the four groups were not statistically significant(P 0.05).One day after the treatment,in each group the serum ALT and AST levels were significantly different from those determined before the treatment(P 0.05).Three days after the procedure,in each group the ALT and AST levels began to fall,and at 7 days after the procedure the ALT and AST levels in each group were not significantly different from those determined before the treatment(P 0.05).At one,3 and 7 days after the procedure,the serum Cr levels in each group was not significantly different from those determined before the procedure(P 0.05).The volume of ablated liver tissue in group A,B,C and D was(3.10 ± 1.10) mm3,(5.99 ± 2.23) mm3,(0.77 ± 0.15) mm3 and(0.15 ± 0.07) mm3 respectively.The volume of coagulated necrosis of group B was significantly bigger than that of any of other three groups(P 0.05).Conclusion PEI with subsequent RFA has little harmful effect on the hepatic and renal function in rabbits.PEI followed by RFA treatment is safe and effective with fewer complications.The ablated volume of liver tissue that is caused by PEI-RFA technique is obviously larger than that produced by any of the following techniques: RFA with subsequent PEI,RFA along and PEI along.


The teleology of physical education teaching is the basic problem of physical education teaching research,while the discussion on other problems of physical education teaching always regress to self-examination and restructure of physical education teaching teleology.From the sports idea of natural health preservation in ancient times to policy as center,physical fitness as center,skill and technique as center,comprehensive development as center,education as center,physical health as center in new China established,the teleology of physical education teaching in China was experienced several time reform,and keep continuing to find out it's position.The core of traditional teleology of physical education teaching was instrumentalism,and leaded physical education teaching to a vicious circle.The way to cast off this vicious circle was to keep up with a teleology that was new,based on self-organization and different from instrumentalism in essence.


In this article on the basis of the analysis of the concept «truth» in modern English the author emphasizes that only the complex of linguistic research methods can give a comprehensive picture of essential lingvocultural concepts.


There are stated basic principles of design using the created computer program on calculation and projection of means of protection of the build‐ ings from transport noise. A number of problems have been considered which are connected with the use of the existing methods of evaluation of the conditions of transport noise distribution in the urban area and the effectiveness of protection of buildings and constructions from noise (with the use of the automated calculations and design of noise protection).


The invention provides a flue gas desulfurization process employing an ionic liquid. In the process, the ionic liquid is used as an absorbent, different types of absorption towers are adopted to absorb SO2 in the flue gas at the temperature of 0-200 DEG C under the pressure of 0.09-5.0 MPa, wherein gas-liquid countercurrent contact is adopted, various types of towers are adopted to improve a mass transfer effect so as to realize the emission of flue gas reaching the standard. The ionic liquid after absorbing the SO2 is pumped into a desorber through a pump and is subjected to deabsorption by adopting a heating and/or decompressing method, and SO2 is recovered. The desorbed ionic liquid enters the absorption towers to be reused. The process provided by the invention can be used for effectively removing the SO2 in the flue gas and recovering the SO2.


A also sharing the keyboard and display device executes the service program and the PIN input, provides a handy terminal capable of ensuring security in a simple system. A card reader control 23b of the keyboard unit memory 23 detects the insertion state of the credit card, the keyboard control program 23a to the settlement program 11b of the main board 2, the detected key code is notified. In addition, as the main CPU12 is, a grant program hash value on the settlement program 11b and a program hash value of the execution time of the settlement program 11b is calculated, and is not stolen program hash value, a secret key, encryption key , and encryption / decryption program hash value using a public key. Furthermore, compared to calculate the main CPU12 is a program hash value when executing the settlement program 11b and granted program hash value to the payment program 11b, respectively. .FIELD 1


We have designed an intermediate language (IL) for the CakeML compiler that supports the verified, efficient compilation of functions and calls. Verified compilation steps include batching of multiple curried arguments, detecting calls to statically known functions, and specialising calls to known functions with no free variables. Finally, we verify the translation to a lower-level IL that only supports closed, first-order functions. These compilation steps resemble those found in other compilers (especially OCaml). Our contribution here is the design of the semantics of the IL, and the demonstration that our verification techniques over this semantics work well in practice at this scale. The entire development was carried out in the HOL4 theorem prover.


To evaluate the feasibility of using micron‐sized superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (MPIOs) as an effective labeling agent for monitoring bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell (BMSC) migration in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a rat model of stroke and whether the accumulation of MPIO‐labeled BMSCs can be differentiated from the accumulation of free MPIO particles or hemoglobin breakdown at a site of neuronal damage.


This thesis set out to provide further in-depth information on prostate cancer screening and active surveillance by addressing two main questions: "What are the mechanisms that lead to the observed reduction in prostate cancer mortality?" (part 1, screening) and "Are we able to selectively identify men with aggressive disease?" (part 2, active surveillance).
To address these two main questions several sub-questions were studied.


Fabrication and current transport mechanisms dominant of Pt–Al0.45Ga0.55N Schottky photodiode grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are reported. Transport has been modeled using thermionic field emission theory. The ideality factor decreases from 2.18 to 1.50, while the barrier height increases from 0.82 eV to 1.14 eV with increasing temperature at 198–323 K. There is a linear relationship between the barrier heights and the ideality factors of the Schottky contact. The ln (I) versus V curve at small forward current are almost parallel in this temperature range, which can be well explained by thermionic field emission theory with the characteristic energy E00 of 36.0 meV. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)