The application of a new modified Adomian decomposition method for obtaining the analytic solution of Lane-Emden type equations is investigated. The proposed method, called the spectral Adomian decomposition method, is based on a combination of spectral method and Adomian decomposition method. A comparative study between the proposed method and Adomian decomposition method is presented. The obtained result reveals that method is of higher efficiency, validity, and accuracy.


In this study, seven commercial histamine test kits were compared to two different HPLC methods for detecting histamine in several fish products. Different types of salted fish products were used in this research. Results showed that the values of certain types of fish products analyzed using some of the commercial test kits significantly agreed with HPLC results although there were significant differences in the results of some of the samples (p<0.05) between commercial test kits as well as HPLC methods. The results of two HPLC methods were significantly differed in certain samples that may cause by the presence of salt during the derivatisation step of the methods. The commercial test kits, namely Veratox, and Food EIA were in agreement with HPLC method that is confirmed by a Reference laboratory. This result indicates that these kits can be used for several types of traditional fish products in terms of food safety for histamineanalysis. Histamine testing is a possible control strategy that can be used by seafood processors in their HACCP program to address the hazard of scombrotoxin formation (1). Quality control measures designed to minimize the occurrence of scombrotoxic fish require the determination of histamine levels in the range of approximately 10 to 200 ppm. The defect action level, the level at which regulatory actions are taken, for histamine is 50 ppm (2). Measuring histamine involves time-consuming and expensive laboratory procedures that might cause processors to avoid purchasing and processing fish that have high histamine risk (3). HPLC method is used as an official method for histamine detection in food products. However, this method requires highly technical skills and too expensive to use for many establishments or food plants. Recently commercial test kits including enzyme immunoassay methods for histamine analysis have become popular due to their certain advantages over other techniques, especially they are very easy to use. The most commercial histamine test kits have mainly been developed for fresh fish and fish meal although high potential health risk related to biogenic amines for other types of fish products such as traditionally fish products (TFP) have also been widely reported (5,6,7,8). Development of biogenic amines in traditional food products (TFP) occurs maturation of salting or fermenting stage, poor handling of the raw materials and improper storage conditions. Therefore, rapid and user friendly analytical methods are necessary for monitoring biogenic amines in such products. Our study aims to evaluate currently available commercial histamine test kits for histamine analysis in comparison with each others as well as HPLC method for TFPs.


Lu Xun's family ethical thoughts owe much to such ideas as Evolution theory,individualism and humanism.His evolutionist thoughts originate directly from Yan Fu's influence.The direct study of Evolution theory materials during his studying in Japan and the influence of Zhang Taiyan's "The two-way Evolution" theory show that Lu Xun's evolutionist thought of family ethics is featured with a focus on youth development,spiritual enhancement and present involvement.Therefore,Lu Xun holds that parents should change their traditional way of family education and give freedom to their children.


Locating a group of ambulances to get optimum coverage can ensure the efficiency of emergency medical services (EMS) delivery. Maximal covering location problem (MCLP) is a static location model which has been proven as a cost-effective tool in the development of EMS system. Meanwhile, OpenStreetMap (OSM) has gained popularity among the researchers because of its open-source status. Due to the lack of study of its application in EMS, its presence is not much recognized and valued as it should be. In this paper, we present our solution of MCLP to locate a number of ambulances to maximize the coverage of local demands by using OSM geodata. We also discuss on the technique to integrate the local population data within the map. The results show that the ambulance location problem can be solved successfully by using OSM geodata.


The pursuit-evasion problem has been studied extensively in the literature for decades. However, there are currently very limited interactive platforms that can assist auser in simulating different scenarios that may have practical relevance in certain applications. This paper presents SIMPE, an interactive simulation platform for simulating Pursuit-Evasion problems with many pursuers and one evader. This platform allows the user to interactively explore various scenarios of these types of problems by varying not only the parameters of the game but also the strategies that are available to the pursuers and evader. The exploratory nature of SIMPE allows the user to quickly and interactively determine the outcome of a particular complex scenario in a short period of time. Three different strategies that represent cooperating and/or not cooperating pursuers are available as options. In addition to various graphs and performance measures, the platform produces a visual display of the movement of the pursuers andevader which will terminate either by the evader escaping or being captured.


What is the impact of recurrent pregnancy loss on the risk of preterm birth?

 Women with RPL were found to be at increased odds of having preterm deliveries (<37 weeks gestation) in their subsequent live pregnancies.

 Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in up to 5% of all women with miscarriages. The emotional, physical, and financial burden associated with RPL is unequivocal, and over the years, much research has gone into the management of RPL. However, relatively little is known about the perinatal outcomes following RPL. Past research in the area reports conflicting data on the association between RPL and preterm birth (PTB) in a subsequent pregnancy.

 A systematic search was performed across thePubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies published up until October 2020. Observational cohort and case-control studies comparing the risk of preterm birth (PTB) among women with and without a history of RPL were included. Effect estimates were pooled using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analysis model. Study appraisal was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

 We included studies where the study population consisted of women with a history of RPL (defined as 2 or more pregnancy losses), where the comparator group consisted of women without a history of RPL, and where the outcomes assessed included PTB (defined as birth prior to 37 completed weeks gestation). Two reviewers independently extracted data in duplicate. Publication date, population, exposure and outcome data were extracted.

 A total of 12 retrospective observational studies met inclusion criteria, and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (N = 37,046 women with a history of RPL). Incidence of PTB among the RPL groups ranged from 5.8% to 19.6%, and from 1.5-14.0% in the non-RPL groups. A pooled OR of 1.59 with 95% CI 1.40-1.80 was observed in our random-effects meta-analysis with an I2 of 84%. Subgroup analyses were completed for the pooled risk of only 2 RPL (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.35; 95% CI 1.08-1.69; I2=84.7%); ≥2 RPL (pooled OR 1.42; 95% CI 0.91-2.22; I2=68.9%); and ≥3 RPL (pooled OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.51-2.29; I2=79.5%).

 Inconsistent adjustment for confounders and significant between-study heterogeneity were noted in this study.

 Despite significant heterogeneity among studies, we found that women with a history of RPL had significantly higher odds of delivering preterm infants in their subsequent pregnancies.

 CRD 224763


Summary We have recently shown that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-I) mRNA is elevated after hemorrhage in various tissues including liver. In this study, we set out to identify the cell types in the liver that are responsible for the increase in PAH mRNA after hemorrhage using in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (in situ RT-PCR). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated and subjected to a 20 ml/kg hemorrhage within 3 min or 300 μg/kg of endotoxin. Pour hours later, the livers were harvested, fixed, frozen, and sectioned. RT-PCR showed an increase of PAI-I mRNA in liver 4 h after hemorrhage or endotoxin-treatment. Standard in situ hybridization could not detect PAI-I mRNA in the livers of either the hemorrhage, endotoxin, or control groups. However, in situ RT-PCR detected PAI-1 mRNA in vascular endothelial cells and capsular mesothelial cells, but not in hepatocytes, in both the hemorrhage and endotoxin groups. No signal was found in the control rats, or when the experimental protocol was modified to 1) omit the RT step, 2) precede the RT step with RNA digestion, or 3) use an irrelevant probe. These results demonstrate that hemorrhage induces PAI-1 mRNA in endothelial and mesothelial cells of liver.


This study aims at examining whether accounting graduates whohave achieved the Professional Accounting Education (PAE)certification possess a higher competency level compared to thosewho do not yet have PAE certification The study also examineswhether those who possess a PAE certificate have better commitmentto their career as public accountants than their counterparts who donot possess PAE certificates. The population of this study consists ofauditors or accountants who work in public accounting firms inJakarta. The population is divided into two sub populationsconsisting of junior auditors and senior auditors (supervisor,manager and partner). The sample of each sub population wasselected using the 'judgmental' method. In order to examine thecompetency and commitment of junior auditors who had passed thePAE, we used case studies to test them; while questionnaires wereused to obtain the perceptions of senior auditors regarding thecompetency and commitment of junior auditors. The findings revealthat the competency and commitment of junior auditors who possessPAE certificates are significantly higher than those with no PAEcertification. This implies that PAE has made accountants or auditorsmore professional, suggesting that auditors ought to possess PAEcertification.Keywords: Professional Accounting Education, Commitment, Competency,Professional Accountant


Spatial models of political competition are typically based on two assumptions. One is that all the voters identically perceive the platforms of the candidates and agree about their score on a "valence" dimension. The second is that each voter's preferences over policies are decreasing in the distance from that voter's ideal point, and that valence scores enter the utility function in an additively separable way. The goal of this paper is to examine the restrictions that these two assumptions impose, starting from a more primitive (and observable) data. Specifically, we consider the case where only the ideal point in the policy space and the ranking over candidates are known for each voter. We provide necessary and su±cient conditions for this collection of preference relations to be consistent with utility maximization as in the standard models described above. That is, we characterize the case where there are policies x1,...,xm for the m candidates and numbers v1,...,vm representing valence scores, such that a voter with an ideal policy y ranks the candidates according to vi-||xi-y||^2.


Let A and B be n X n matrices with elements in a field sr and let Δ A B = AB - BA. Let f k (x) = x 2K+1 - c.x 2 ^ 1 + c 2 x 2K ~ s + ••• + (—lJ^CjεO?, where the c t are in *F" and ϋΓ = &(& —1)/2. In this paper we examine the consequences of the relation f k (Δ A )B — 0, where 1 ^ k < n, and show how the replacement of A by xA + 2/JS, when & = 2, leads to a splitting of the characteristic curve, det {xA+yB—zl) = 0, into lines and conies.


The average number of muons in air showers and its connection with shower development has been studied extensively in the past. With the upcoming detector upgrades, UHECR observatories will be able to probe higher moments of the distribution of the number of muons. Here a study of the physics of the fluctuations of the muon content is presented. In addition to proving that the fluctuations must be dominated by the first interactions, we show that low-Nμ tail of the shower-to-shower distribution of the number of muons is determined by the high-xL region of the production cross-section of neutral pions in the first interaction.


Memory wall has been a major bottleneck that restrains the speed and power consumption of processors in the Von Neumann architecture. Computing-in-memory (CIM) was proposed as a promising method to tackle the memory wall by implementing computing in memory instead of fetching the value from memory to the processor. Based on the standard 6T -SRAM, this paper proposes a compact CIM (C2IM) unit of 10 transistors. This C2imunit is capable to not only implement the complete function of SRAM, but also realize the multiplication between the input, which is copied into the unit through the current mirror, and the value stored in the SRAM. Current-mode circuits are adopted in this unit so that it can implement higher energy efficient multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation with simpler control timing and transistor cost. Based on TSMC 65nm CMOS lower power process, the proposed unit can achieve 166.67 TOPS/W energy efficiency under 200MHz clock frequency.


Under weak magnetic field conditions, a definite relation between the additive energy and the angular velocity of Larmor precession for the atoms of spin-orbit coupling is given.


Preface Abbreviations Introduction 1. Universal and territorial powers: the fundamental structure of baldus' political thought 2. The nature and limitations of the emperor's power 3. The sovereignty of independent city-republics 4. Membership of the city-community: political man and citizenship 5. The city-'populus' as a self-governing corporation 6. Kingship and 'signorie' Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Index.


Based on laser interference digital image processing technology and the FFT method,this paper analyzes and solves the problems in automatic interference fringe processing for measurement of length of surface standard by interferometry.It makes the instrument less dependent on operator skills and is able to provide greater accuracy.Testing result of interference fringe′s fractions for measurement of length of surface standard gauge block were given as a example.


A study of 'high temperature' entangled states in a system of two parametrically coupled quantum oscillators placed into independent thermal baths is performed taking into account partially coherent parametric pump. Processes in an open system are considered based on the Heisenberg–Langevin formalism. We obtain a closed system of equations for the averaged quadratic correlation functions in quantum stochastic problem as a result of Markov processes approximation. On the basis of numerical calculations the dynamics of the logarithmic negativity, which is the measure of entanglement in the system, is investigated. It is shown that the partial coherence of the parametric pump makes the lifetime of the entangled states finite. The threshold characteristics of the formation and existence of these states are specified.


The priciples of communication, sport science, logic, urbanology and sociology were applied to study the relation between sport communication and urban civilization. It has been found that the relation between the two is of mutual affection and mutual dependence.


Rhinophyma is a slowly progressive, disfiguring, inflammatory disorder of nose, which represents the end stage of acne rosacea. Various modalities of treatments like dermabrasion, surgical excision, cryotherapy, electrocautery and lasers. Each modality has some limitations and advantages. Lasers are known for precise excision layer by layer and good aesthetic outcome. However, we present a patient of Rhinophyma treated with diode lasers with an unusual complication of lower lateral cartilage perforation. Level of Evidence: Level V, A report of rare complication. Keywords: Rhinophyma, Diode laser, Cartilage perforation, Complication, Laser.


A sensitive and selective method for determination of trace hydrazine has been developed.It is based on the enhancement effect of the chemiluminescence reaction of hydrazine-potassium permanganate-NaOH system.The detection limit is 3.6×10~(-10)g/ml,the relative standard deviation is 2.1%(1.0×10~(-8)g/ml hydrazine,n=11),the linear range is 1.0×10~(-9)~8.0×10~(-5)g/ml.The method has been applied to the determination of hydrazine in environmental water.


The utility model relates to a strong seal high speed flow distribution hydraulic motor and high pressure rotation shaft seal and pertains to the technology field of hydraulic transmission. The hydraulic motor comprises a shell provided with a liquid inlet and a reflux port, a flow distribution mechanism and an output shaft. A second ladder step end is mounted in the output hole of the shell; the output shaft is provided with a step end corresponding to the ladder end for the shell, an end bearing is arranged between the second level end of the ladder end and the step end and the high pressure rotation shaft seal is arranged between the first end of the ladder end and a retaining ring for the end bearing. The annual body of the high pressure rotation shaft seal is made of flexible and wear resistant material with single side cross taking the shape of ladder with at least inner side shrinking towards the inner diameter; one side of the ladder cross facing the high pressure is provided with a groove and the groove linear is provided with a groove-shaped rigid support with an opening facing the high pressure side. The utility model can ensure reliable and effective seal and normal running of the motor and improve the stability of output and motion of the hydraulic motor and the volume efficiency of the whole motor.


Two patients with cancer are taking four primary care trusts in Essex to the High Court in London, in a landmark legal challenge that could have nationwide repercussions for the configuration of services.

Their lawyers argue that a decision to site radiotherapy services at Southend and Colchester, leaving cancer patients in the NHS Mid Essex area without local services, breaches the Equality Act 2010.

The act obliges public bodies to have due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination and to advance equality of …


ABSTRACT Small businesses, whether family-owned or not, need to plan for the eventual turnover of key contributors, especially owners/founders. Those firms that have not implemented or communicated a formal succession plan may not have qualified people to lead them in the future. A study was conducted among small manufacturing firms to explore succession planning practices. Only 40% of the firms studied engaged in formal succession planning. Key determinants of succession planning were top-management support of the initiative and having someone who possesses the knowledge to adequately implement succession planning. For those firms that had a formal succession plan, what determined whether or not they kept it a secret from employees was whether they believed the employees included in the plan would feel a sense of entitlement to the promotion. The results are discussed and recommendations are made for the small business owner/consultant. INTRODUCTION It has been reported that no more than three out of every ten small businesses survive past one generation of leaders, and only 16% survive to the third generation (Janjuha-Jivraj & Woods, 2002; Watson & Everett, 1999; mall businesses failure, 1996). Certainly, economic/financial issues are responsible for a lion share of small business failures. Many others are caused by the inability of the firm to overcome the loss of key contributors (Lussier & Sonfield, 2004). No matter how successful, every small business will, at some point, experience the loss of key contributors. Examples of such losses may be in the form of an engineer (whose skill-set may not be easily replaced) or a sales associate (who has built strong relationships with key customers over the years). Oftentimes, these losses are in the form of an owner/founder (whose vision helped build and sustain the culture). In fact, given that half of all U. S. small business owners are aged 60 or older (Fleming, 1997), it appears that planning for the eventual urning over of the reigns is more important than ever. SUCCESSION PLANNING Succession planning is a contingency plan an organization develops to address the eventual loss of key human resources. More specifically, it is he process of developing key people through a process that identifies candidates and tracks their progress and development (Nardoni, 1997). Succession planning has gained wider acceptance in the corporate world. Studies conducted show 67% of those surveyed reported that succession planning had grown in importance in the last decade (J. Howard & Associates, 2003). The emergence of succession planning in larger firms can be credited to the teamwork and bureaucracy needed to run a large organization. In addition, the corporate boards of large organizations have forced senior management to consider succession planning (J. Howard & Associates, 2003). One poll of executives found 100% of those surveyed believed it useful to identify and groom a successor. However, the same study found that only 72% were actually grooming people for these key roles (Messmer, 2002). Small businesses have an even greater need for succession planning, but face unique challenges. First, key decision makers in small businesses can be more critical to the organization than key decision makers in larger corporations. Small businesses will rely on key decision makers more, while larger corporations generally have more management depth, processes, and procedures. secondly, small businesses have a limited internal talent pool from which to draw, making replacing the loss of key decision makers more difficult. Yet, according to a study conducted by the American Society of Chartered Life Underwriters & Chartered Financial Consultants, less than half of all small businesses engage in formalized succession planning ( mall businesses failure, 1996). Why? Perhaps some do not fully understand the necessity to prepare for the future. …


The substitution rate constant of the reaction between [Rh(β-diketonato)(CO) 2 ] and cyclo-octadiene is related to various empirical parameters and density functional theory calculated energies and charges, β-diketonato = R'COCHCOR. Results indicate that especially the Hammett meta substituent constants (σ), the Lever electronic parameters (E L ) and the density functional theory calculated energies and charges predict the substitution rate constant to a high degree of accuracy, for example: ln k 2 =8.48 (σ R +σ R ') – 2.24 (R 2 =0.99)=31.8 ΣE L – 63.0 (R 2 =0.99)=– 9.16 E HOMO – 52.1 (R 2 =0.97)=101 ΣQ Mulliken (Rh(CO) 2 ) – 49.9 (R 2 = 0.99). KEYWORDS  BETA-diketone, rhodium, substitution; dicarbonyl, cyclo-octadiene, DFT.


Objective To detect the ability of ectopic bone formation and biocompatibility of self made bovine BMPs.Method Self-made bovine BMPs had been implanted in muscle bag of mice,observed the calcification of the implant site using the X-rays.Then drawn the material,fixed and stained,observed bone formation in muscle around the material.Result There were not swelling,ulceration around the implanted material after BMPs implanted in the muscle bag,and the BMPs material had good biocompatibility.There was bone-like tissue formation in 4 weeks after BMPs implantation,and a complete bone formation in 8 weeks.Conclusion The self-made BMPs active protein could induce ectopic bone formation,and had good biocompatibility.


The oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) using oxygen (1 atm) with a TEMPO ((2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) and CuCl catalyst system is investigated using ...


This paper investigates the transmission mechanism of Chinese productivity shocks through industry-level and firm-level networks in the Japanese manufacturing sector using an instrumental variable approach. We find that increased Chinese productivity in a particular industry negatively affects Japanese suppliers of Japanese firms in that industry (upstream propagation) and positively affects their Japanese corporate customers (downstream propagation). This contrasts the recently studied case of the United States, which did not lead to evidence for downstream propagation of such shocks.


THE PURPOSE OF THE TEST PROGRAM PRESENTED IN THIS REPORT WAS TO DETERMINE THE FATIGUE STRENGTH OF SEVERAL OF THE WELD DETAILS OF A STEEL DECK STIFFENED WITH CLOSED TRAPEZOIDAL RIBS. FOUR FULL-SIZED SECTIONS WERE TESTED' TWO OF THE SPECIMENS HAD A SMALL FLANGE AT THE UPPER EDGE OF THE RIBS AND WERE ATTACHED TO THE DECK USING A CONTINUOUS FILLET WELD. THE RIBS OF THE OTHER SPECIMENS WERE STRAIGHT AND WERE ATTACHED TO THE DECK WITH A BEVEL WELD. AN ADDITIONAL DETAIL STUDIED WAS TWO TYPES OF FIELD RIB SPLICES. ONE OF THE RIB SPLICES CONSISTED OF A DIAPHRAGM PLATE THAT WAS FILLET WELDED TO THE RIBS. A BUFF WELD AND BACK UP PLATE WERE USED FOR THE OTHER SPLICE. THE MEMBERS WERE FIRST SUBJECTED TO STATIC LOADS UP TO THE YIELD POINT OF THE MATERIAL, THEN TO FATIGUE LOADING OF VARIOUS LEVELS AND TWO OF THE MEMBERS WERE STATICALLY LOADED TO FAILURE AFTER THE FATIGUE TESTS. THE STRAIGHT RIBS ATTACHED TO THE PLATE WITH A BEVEL WELD AND THE BUTT WELDED SPLICE WERE FOUND TO BE SATISFACTORY. THE FLANGED RIBS AND DIAPHRAGM PLATE SPLICE WERE NOT SATISFACTORY, DEVELOPING EXTENSIVE FATIGUE CRACKS IN THE WELDS AT RELATIVELY FEW CYCLES OF LOADING. /AUTHOR/


Between mid-December 1999 and early February 2000, forty images (~400 MBytes) were acquired of the area believed to be the location where the ill-fated Mars Polar Lander is believed to have crashed, uniquely covering 667 km and, additionally, covering most of this area stereoscopically. These images cover most of the landing ellipses identified as encompassing the most probable crash site (Figure 1). No evidence of the lander or of the lander delivery system (parachute or aeroshell) was seen. A geomorphic sketch map was created at a scale of 10 m/pixel (Figure 2). Eleven characteristic morphologies (+ one "other") and three qualitative assessments of topographic roughness were plotted on a base map compiled from the MOC images. By these criteria, 36% of the surface is considered smooth, 26% intermediate and 33% rough (5% was not classified owing to uncertainty in application of the qualitative criteria, e.g., are sand dunes rough or smooth?). To quantitatively assess the topographic roughness, a topographic profile in a characteristically rough area was constructed by point stereophotogrammetry. These data were then calibrated against a nearby Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topographic profile to produce a controlled MOC topographic profile (Figure 3). Slopes were measured over distances ranging from 10 to 150 m, with slopes measured over long distances typically shallower than those measured over short distances. In the most topographically rugged region within the landing zone ( e.g., on the slopes of the depression along the western margin of the landing zone uncertainty ellipses), no more than 12% of the surface has slopes in excess of 10 ° when sampled at scales of 10-40 m/pixel; about 4% of the surface has slopes greater than 15 °. Sampling over longer distances yielded lower slope values. Indeed, much of the landing zone is substantially smoother. Figure 4 shows the frequency of occurrence of a given slope angle as a function of slope angle for the same three metrics as described above. The overlap between the adjacent sample metric (red circles) and the other, larger sampling window computations (blue squares and green diamonds), shows that these measurements reasonably sample the range in slopes. Figure 5 shows close-up examples of some stereo pairs, illustrating the steepest and most rugged relief in the vicinity of the landing site. The polar landing site was less hazardous than many areas on Mars, but not without hazards. It is unlikely that the lander failed owing to geology. Figure 1: Location of MOC narrow angle image coverage as determined by simulataneous wide angle imaging, superimposed on a twoframe Viking Orbiter image mosaic registered to the targeting inertial coordinate system.


In the planning of an integrated solid waste management (ISWM) system, not only complicated interactions among various system components but also uncertain properties of many parameters and their i...


Binary sequence sets with asymptotically optimal auto/cross correlation peak sidelobe level (PSL) growth have been known in the literature for a long time, and their construction has been studied both analytically and numerically. In contrast, it has been a long-standing problem whether we can construct a family of binary sequences whose auto-correlation PSL grows in an optimal manner. In this paper, we devise a construction method of binary sequences with asymptotically optimal PSL growth from the sequence sets with good correlation properties. A key component of the design follows from the observation that if the PSL of the sequence set grows optimally or  nearly optimally, then the PSL of the constructed binary sequence will experience a similar growth as a consequence. The proposed construction is simple-to-implement, and is shown to be accomplished in polynomial time. With such a construction, we not only bridge the gap between analytical construction and computational search, but also pave the way to settle the long-standing design problem of binary sequences with an optimal growth of the auto-correlation PSL.


Simple Summary The maintenance and manipulation of AB strain zebrafish oocytes at 26 °C was found to be possible for 2 h without incurring a marked reduction in fertilization potential. However, the post-ovulatory ageing of oocytes for 6 h resulted in an almost complete loss of egg viability. All larvae derived from the 4- and 6-h aged oocytes were characterized by physical abnormalities. Ageing oocytes for 4 h resulted in the incidence of ploidy anomalies having a four-fold increase. These results make a valuable contribution with respect to the control of experimental reproduction in zebrafish, which is currently accepted as an excellent model animal. Abstract Fish egg quality can be markedly influenced by the oocyte age after ovulation. In this study, we examined the duration of oocyte ageing in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and whether prolonged ageing is associated with the incidence of ploidy anomalies in the resulting embryos. Oocytes were incubated in vitro for 6 h post-stripping (HPS) at 26 °C and fertilized at 2-h intervals. Meanwhile, for eggs fertilized immediately after stripping, the fertilization, embryo survival, and hatching rates started at ~80%; these rates decreased to 39%, 24%, and 16%, respectively, for oocytes that had been stored for 4 h (p ˂ 0.05), and there was an almost complete loss of egg viability at 6 HPS. Furthermore, almost 90% of the embryos derived from 6-h aged oocytes died prior to hatching, and all larvae originating from 4- and 6-h aged oocytes showed malformations. The proportion of ploidy abnormal embryos was significantly greater at 4 HPS (18.5%) than at either 0 or 2 HPS (4.7% and 8.8%, respectively). The results revealed that zebrafish oocytes retained their fertilization potential for up to 2 h after stripping at 26 °C and indicated the contribution of post-ovulatory oocyte ageing in the occurrence of ploidy anomalies in the resulting embryos.


Examine the effect of soy protein concentrate (SPC) on allochthonous microbiota, hindgut integrity, and liver tissue of totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi).


The Galilean case meant for Feyerabend the opportunity to prove methodological and historically the paradoxes and limitations of a positivist notion of science. Feyerabend demonstrates the contradictions that suppose the different attempts of neo-positivism logical to establish a demarcation criterion that defines what science is. He realizes how in the case of Galileo Galilei those elements against which the logical positivism tries to delimit a negative definition of science, paradoxically constitute the heart of the scientific endeavor. Now this does not mean –as a considerable number of critics have pointed out– that Feyerabend uphold an anarchic, irrational or relativist view about science. Conversely, in a positive sense it is possible to say that the emblematic case of Galileo not only offered to Feyerabend the occasion to formulate a negative and sceptical argumentation with regard to that notion of science but, at the same time, it represented for him a chance to rethink the science from a broader perspective or rationality.


The study was done to determine the levels of erythropoietin (Epo) and red blood cell in some patients with chronic kidney disease in Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and eighty (180) subjects(90 males and 90 females) were recruited for the study. One hundred and twenty (120) subjects were chosen from those confirmed with renal diseases from the Urology Department of the hospital. Sixty (60) subjects (30 and 30 females) were predialysis chronic kidney disease patients sixty (60) subjects (30 and 30 females) were chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis (D) , and sixty (60) subjects (30 and 30 females) were the apparently healthy controls. Venous blood samples were collected from the subjects using aseptic standard method from the antecubital fossa. Serum samples were used for erythropoietin assay and EDTA anticoagualted blood used for red blood cell count .Erythropoietin was determined by sandwich ELISA method and red cell done with manual count. The results were statistically analysed using student t-test and Pearson Product Moment method and statistical significance set at P<0.05.The result showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in Erythropoietin and red blood cell of predialysis subjects (23.3±3.2 iu/l, 1.8±0.2 X/L) compared to Controls (48.6±24.0 iu/l, 4.9±0.5 X/L) respectively and showed significant increase (P<0.05) in erythropoietin level of patients on dialysis (71.4±14.7 iu/l) compared to controls (48.6±24.0 iu/l) and significant decrease (P<0.05) in red blood cell level of dialysis subjects(9.0±2.3g/dl) compared to control subjects (4.9±0.5 X/L).The result also showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in Erythropoietin and red blood cell levels of predialysis subjects (23.3±3.2 iu/l, 1.8±0.2 X/L) compared to dialysis subjects (71.4±14.7 iu/l, 3.0±0.8 X/L g/dl) respectively.


The purpose of this research work is to specify the tasks of managing the mono-development of the Carpathian region and developing approaches to their implementation in the context of the State Strategy for Regional Development for 2021-2027.

Method. Analytical methods (analysis of strategic tasks in the context of their program goals), comparative-geographical methods (comparison of strategic tasks given in different legal documents), as well as methods of generalization and systematization (theoretical generalization of the obtained material) abstract-logical (generalization and formulation of conclusions) methods were used during the research.

Scientific novelty. The article formulates two groups of strategic tasks in forecasting the future development of spatial monosystems of the Carpathian region, namely: strategic tasks that will prevent the approach of the bifurcation boundary in the mono system and strategic objectives that will accelerate the emergence of new systems the studied spatial system in the previous state. To substantiate the strategic objectives of managing the mono-development of the Carpathian region and determine approaches to their implementation, examples of strategic objectives for long-term mono-development of monosystems in which there is no human activity as a component of the system, or in which any human activity is minimized in the context of State Strategy regional development for 2021-2027. Examples of strategic tasks to ensure the promising mono-development of individual spatial protected monosystems of the Carpathian region have been given. Strategic tasks for socio-economic growth of socio-geographical agrarian monosystems of the Carpathian region have been outlined in accordance with our three groups of strategic tasks of a systemic nature, namely: monosystem-preserving, conditionally monosystem-preserving, diversification-innovation strategic tasks. It had been determined that the strategic objectives of long-term development of specific monosystems of a hierarchical level, selected by a specific monosystem attribute, should be defined and outlined taking into account the focus on strategic goals of their socio-geographical development, i.e to achieve desired results in socio-geographical relief spatial functioning of these systems.

Practical meaning. The results of this study contribute to a deeper socio-geographical understanding of the strategic objectives of the management of mono-development of the Carpathian region and approaches to their implementation. They can be used by public administration and local government to improve existing and in the formation of new regional targeted and comprehensive development programs of the Carpathian region in the near future.


Several media report highlight on that the pharmaceutical companies require ultra-low temperatures -80°C to transport and store its COVID-19 vaccines. This research presents the thermodynamic analysis on cascade refrigeration system (CRS) with several refrigerant pairs which are R32/R170, R123/R170, R134a/R170, R404A/R170, R407c/R170, R410/R170, and the hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerant pair Propane/Ethane, namely R290/R170. Besides, the results of R22/R170 pair, which is not recommended to be used due to phase out of R22 as per Montreal Protocol, are included as base case to compare the novel hydrocarbon pairs in CRS and the old trend of refrigerant pairs. Thermodynamic properties of all these pairs were investigated and compared under different intermediate temperature used in CRS heat exchanger, which thermally connected both the Low and High temperature cycles (LTC) and (HTC). By applying the first law of thermodynamics, the coefficients of performance (COPs) and the specific power consumptions (SPC) in kW/TR are presented and compared. In addition, by applying the second law of thermodynamics the exergetic efficiencies were estimated. The results reveal the promising opportunity of using the HC pair (R290/R170). The minimum SPC in kW/TR is recorded for the pair R123/R170. One the other hand, the highest exegetic efficiency values are observed to be 40%, 38%, and 35% for the pairs R123/R170, R290/R170, and R134/R170, respectively. This research concludes that the HC pair (R290/R170) is highly recommended for CRS applications either to transport the COVID-19 or store it in cold storage rooms in hospitals and clinics. All precautionary measures should be carefully applied in design and operation of HC pair (R290/R170) due to its flammability hazard.


Any space mission requiring telepresence, such as robotic applications in space for on- orbit servicing or the small-satellite mission BayernSat under the patronage of the Institute of Astronautics at the Technische Universitat Munchen has two crucially important re- quirements: long acquisition times for continuous telepresence operation phases, and a small delay time of a signal from ground to space and back to ground for real-time interaction. This paper will show how the combination of the software tools MDVE (Model-based Development and Verification Environment) and Framtec (Framework for advanced Moni- toring, Telemetry and Control) as used in the BayernSat project will support meeting these two requirements. The software tool MDVE is an environment for developing, modeling, simulating and verifying satellite systems, which allows for a fully simulated satellite and a step by step hardware in the loop implementation of the satellite. The Monitoring & Control tool Framtec will be configured during the development process and will be used in its final configuration for BayernSat TMTC. The combination of these software tools allows a pre- optimization of the data signal delay time in the early development phase. Therefore, it is possible to get a first estimation and verification of the implemented data structure on ground and in space prior to the mission operation phase. In this paper we first give an overview of the main requirements of telepresence missions followed by a short description of the used software tools MDVE and Framtec and their combined usage. Based on this the approach of pre-optimizing a data signal delay between the ground segment and the space segment is laid out. Finally, the interdependence between satellite life cycle process and the introduced approach is discussed. the


The field of experiential education is undergoing a surge of growth; new programs, settings, and populations. Many adventure programs are exploring opportunities in urban settings, schools, and the corporate sector. The roots of many of these programs, both for the staff and the organizations, lie in wilderness adventure-based programs. The question many programmers are facing is, "What does this new program look like out of the woods?" In one sense, the challenge faced by those developing and implementing new programs is much the same as that which students face when they return home after two weeks in the wilderness: transferring the learning to a different context. This article will focus on one area in which experiential/adventure methods are being applied; corporate adventure programs. The purpose is to explore the characteristics of two approaches, or paradigms, which come to bear in developing corporate adventure programs and services, and to offer practitioners coming from either perspective the opportunity to reflect on and learn from the other approach. The need for exploring these two approaches comes about because experiential/adventure educators (one paradigm) are moving into a new realm as change agents within formal organizations. As such, these programs are moving into the world of the organization development consultant (the second paradigm). My reason for exploring these paradigms is two-fold: (1) to begin the process of "building bridges" between the two paradigms with an eye towards a synthesis of both perspectives, and (2) to begin a dialogue with other professionals embarking upon this process.


For better integration of plasma thrusters into spacecraft and satellites, potential damaging effects of impinging high energy ions on the spacecraft surfaces should be taken into consideration. For analyzing the plume plasma in this regard, retarding potential analyzers (RPA) are used in electric propulsion as one of the most fundamental and widely used diagnostics tools. RPA determines the ion energy distribution of plume plasma which is in the downstream of a thruster. This paper reports on a successful design process of an RPA to be used with BURFIT-80 ion thruster. An in-house developed hybrid Particle-In-Cell Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (PIC-DSMC) code, which is previously applied for ion thruster grid region is implemented to simulate the flow in the RPA. Results are used to validate the effective operation of the RPA. Potential distributions in the RPA are investigated and the calculated currents collected by the collector is compared with an existing experimental study.


Mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2), one of the two closely related proteins that act as anthrax toxin receptors, cause two rare human autosomal recessive conditions, juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH). Here we demonstrate that CMG2 proteins with certain JHF‐ and ISH‐associated single amino acid substitutions in their von Willebrand factor A domain or transmembrane region do not function as anthrax toxin receptors. However, an ISH‐associated CMG2 variant having a truncated cytosolic domain does still function as an anthrax receptor, and in fact makes cells hyper‐sensitive to toxin, distinguishing the roles of CMG2 in physiology and anthrax pathology. Site‐specific mutagenesis was used to characterize the role that domain 2 of the anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) plays in interaction with CMG2, focusing on the interaction between the PA 2β3−2β4 loop and a pocket (Glu‐122 pocket) adjacent to the metal ion‐dependent adhesion site in CMG2. Substitutions that disrupted the salt bridge between PA Arg‐344 and CMG2 Glu‐122 decreased the affinity of PA to CMG2 three‐ to fourfold. Furthermore, mutation of CMG2 Tyr‐119 (within the Glu‐122 pocket) to His lowered the pH threshold for PA prepore‐to‐pore conversion in the endocytic pathway.


A model of an anti-collision system for vehicles was designed, in a way that to avoid head-on collisions only. Two small motorized cars were built. Each car consist of Arduino microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor module, RF module and two DC geared motors. Each car is driven by a couple of DC motors from the rear end while the front is only a castor. As a form of differentiation each car was given the name of its Arduino controller which are Mega car, and Leonardo car. The controller of each car measures the distance ahead continuously using the ultrasonic module and checks the measured distance against the respective car's ahead distance through the wireless module. If the received distance found to be less than 40cm for the Leonardo car and less than 50cm for the Mega car then the two cars will stop their movement completely as if there is an impending collision in reality. The Arduino microcontroller is programmed using the Arduino programming language and C language to implement all the desired objectives which are related to each car's actions.


Objectives: This research focused on Islamic values related to rationing consumption. It also explained the difference between positive and negative consumption and the Muslim's role in adhering to Islamic values to prevent waste.
Methods: The research was confined to water in which extravagance, pollution and misuse appeared by extrapolating Islamic values, etiquettes and rules on how to preserve it and some rulings about it in jurisprudence, culture and behavior. The subject is studied to know the role of Islamic culture in promoting this aspect through an inductive methodology for the texts of Sharia. Aspects of water security emerged from several axes by following the Sunnah of the Prophet and the role of universities in promoting this Islamic environmental culture. King Faisal University was selected as a model based on its new identity which is derived from two tracks of the nine identity tracks, namely the water and environment tracks. The study underscored the university's role in raising awareness and focusing on specialized research that addresses some of the problems related to water rationing, especially in agricultural practices.
Results: The research highlighted several results, including the value of water in the purified Sharia in judgment, use and consideration, and the texts showed an important result in water rationing, and the role of King Faisal University in focusing on this matter in both practice and research.
Conclusions: Recommendations emerged regarding the modernization of systems, the intensification of research and the dissemination of the culture academically and through various agreements.


nquiry-based learning is about more than moving desks out of those neat rows and avoiding lecture and recitation, says Jeff Wilhelm in his newest book, Engaging Readers & Writers With Inquiry (Scholastic 2007). It's about turning the way you teach upside down and inside out by asking students the big questions and letting them find their own way to the answers. Here's a secret: You probably already use inquiry at least some of the time. But how do you go full-time? Here are five tips that will help you transform your teaching. 1. TEACH SO IT MATTERS How do you bridge the gap between what your students care about and what they need to learn? Start by focusing on what you care about. Think about what matters to you, and jot it down on a piece of paper. Then make connections— literally and figuratively—between these passions and the content you are required to teach. Maybe you've loved astronomy since you were a child, but lately there have been fewer clear nights for stargazing. What questions does this bring up about air quality in your area? What about climate? Long-term weather patterns? Now ask yourself what your students like to do in their spare time. Better yet, ask them. Maybe they go sledding together in a park on snow days. Ask students if there have been more or fewer snow days this year than in the past. Why might that be? Students will become more interested in climate science because it's related to an activity they love. Learning becomes as exciting as detective work, because students see how the material is relevant.


MeasurementGower ManagementSupply ModelsSupply MeasurementPerformance Performance Measurement in Supply ChainsPartners Selection and Performance Measurement in Supply Chain ManagementPerformance Measurement in Supply Performance Measurement for Supply Chain ManagementThe Routledge Companion to Performance Management and ControlSupply Chain Performance Measurement and ImprovementDevelopment of a Comprehensive Supply Chain Performance Measurement SystemPerformance Measurement System Within a Supply ChainEvaluation of Supply Chain PerformanceManagement Accounting in Supply ChainsPerformance Measurement Through Supply Chain ManagementBusiness Performance MeasurementBuilding a Chain of CustomersDevelopment of a supply chain performance measurement systemBusiness Performance Measurement and ManagementThe Impact of Supply Chain Performance Measurement Systems on Dynamic Behaviour in Supply ChainsThe Practice of Supply Chain Management: Where Theory and Application ConvergeStrategic Management of the Manufacturing Value ChainIndustrial Engineering, Management Science and Applications 2015Performance Measurement Supply Chains Eccles' Measurement new and of application to business performance measurement and management, SMEs and result on of Business Performance Management" for evaluation measurement suitability for In a step the development process towards a practical implementation of the most suitable performance measurement system in an electronics manufacturing company is described. Based on a defined supply chain strategy a standardized approach leads to the development of a supply chain management system providing the preconditions for creating a competitive advantage. Sweden, of which 101 were answered giving a response rate of 19.2%. The empirical findings have been analyzed in comparison with existing theories and conclusions reached.


Water environment in rural areas is not only related with living environment,health safety,but also a great issue on social economic development in China.In recent years,our country has done a lot of researches and practices of rural domestic wastewater treatment.The main problem of current projects is that we pay more attention to the construction of the system but neglect its management and operation.Regular maintenance and examination is indispensable to make sure whether the domestic wastewater treatment system performs properly.This article summerizes the successful experience of Japan and the exploratory practice of New Zealand,and puts forward that in order to generalize domestic wastewater treatment in rural areas in China,we should define the scope of constructing domestic wastewater treatment system,set the relative technological standard,clarify the forced responsibility,establish the professional service system and information system.


This article presents a convenient and fast two-step procedure for calculating the heat of combustion (higher and lower heating values) for arbitrary organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, and for mixtures of such compounds. An initial correlation is given in terms of weight fraction of each atomic constituent. This equation can be applied to solvent and fuel mixtures where detailed knowledge of the chemical constituents is not available. Optional corrections are given for specific chemical groups to yield significantly more accurate results when chemical structure information is known.


The skin and depilatory reactions produced in the legs of mice given 2000 r of 200 kV and of 2 MeV X rays were observed for a period of 30 days following irradiation. Recovery from the skin reactions occurred before maximum epilation was observed. The degree of skin reaction and of epilation was considerably greater for the 200 kV radiation than for the 2 MeV radiation.


The lipoxygenase (LOX) can influence the risk of cardiovascular disease (and diabetes) by virtue of its effect on lipid metabolism. Therefore, the present study deals with the separation and estimation of the level of LOX in blood of males with cardiovascular disease (only /or in addition to diabetes). The enzyme was separated and purified from the blood-cells homogenate by precipitation (using 0-55% ammonium sulfate), dialysing against the buffer solution and then by applying ion exchange chromatography, when three bands were distinguished. The enzyme showed different specific activities in the elution of these bands and the highest activity was for the second band. Concerning the characterization of enzyme, it has been found that the optimum condition of the enzyme was at pH 8, 40C and the enzyme has km=1.99 mM at 12mM of the substrate (linoleate) concentration. The results showed that the incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes led to a significant increase in the level of LOX in both the blood-cells homogenate and the serum. The study also focused on assessing the serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-C), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results indicated that there was a significant increase in the level of TC and MDA and there was a significant decrease in the level of HDL-C and GSH in addition to an increase in the ratio of TC/HDL-C. On the basis of the results, it may be concluded that the LOX in blood cells has more than one isoenzyme with different activities. In addition, the high level of LOX is considered as a negative indicator that promotes cardiovascular disease and diabetes.


In this dissertation we study a broad class of stochastic scheduling problems characterized by the presence of hard deadline constraints. The input to such a problem is a set of jobs, each with an associated value, processing time, and deadline. We would like to schedule these jobs on a set of machines over time. In our stochastic setting, the processing time of each job is random, known in advance only as a probability distribution (and we make no assumptions about the structure of this distribution). Only after a job completes do we know its actual "instantiated" processing time with certainty. Each machine can process only a singe job at a time, and each job must be assigned to only one machine for processing. After a job starts processing we require that it must be allowed to complete—it cannot be canceled or "preempted" (put on hold and resumed later). Our goal is to devise a scheduling policy that maximizes the expected value of jobs that are scheduled by their deadlines.
A scheduling policy observes the state of our machines over time, and any time a machine becomes available for use, it selects a new job to execute on that machine. Scheduling policies can be classified as adaptive or non-adaptive based on whether or not they utilize information learned from the instantiation of processing times of previously-completed jobs in their future scheduling decisions. A novel aspect of our work lies in studying the benefit one can obtain through adaptivity, as we show that for all of our stochastic scheduling problems, adaptivity can only allow us to improve the expected value obtained by an optimal policy by at most a small constant factor.
All of the problems we consider are at least NP-hard since they contain the deterministic 0/1 knapsack problem as a special case. We therefore seek to develop approximation algorithms: algorithms that run in polynomial time and compute a policy whose expected value is provably close to that of an optimal adaptive policy. For all the problems we consider, we can approximate the expected value obtained by an optimal adaptive policy to within a small constant factor (which depends on the problem under consideration, but is always less than 10). A small handful of our results are pseudo-approximation algorithms, delivering an approximately optimal policy that is feasible with respect to a slightly expanded set of deadlines. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.) (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


Yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreaks have expanded in South America and Africa and threaten urban areas infested with YFV-competent mosquitoes. No


The article is devoted to the non-verbal component of unofficial rituals of Soviet childhood – a touch on a red object. The article considers two contexts of its func-tioning: in the context of the oath and incantation rituals. This phenomenon is analyzed in the context of children's folklore, Soviet everyday life and traditional Slavic culture.


Some crucial elements of the compositional structure of the war of YHWH' which can be found in Exod 14, Josh 10, Judg 4 and I Sam 7, equally occur in Exod 23,20-33. The differences between the latter text and the former pericopes, however, point into the conclusion that Exod 14, Josh 10, Judg 4 and I Sam 7 on the one hand and Exod 23,20-33 on the other are separate witnesses of an earlier tradition about YHWH as warrior.


Various techniques are disclosed for providing a device attachment configured to releasably attach to and provide infrared imaging functionality to mobile phones or other portable electronic devices. For example, a device attachment may include a housing with a tub on a rear surface thereof shaped to at least partially receive a user device, an infrared sensor assembly disposed within the housing and configured to capture thermal infrared image data, and a processing module communicatively coupled to the infrared sensor assembly and configured to transmit the thermal infrared image data to the user device. Thermal infrared image data may be captured by the infrared sensor assembly and transmitted to the user device by the processing module in response to a request transmitted by an application program or other software/hardware routines running on the user device.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a color filter is provided to achieve a good image formation for the edge of pattern and to maintain a satisfactory level of surface roughness for image pattern by making laser beams distributed to the peripheral parts as well as the central part of pattern so as to get a uniform energy distribution. CONSTITUTION: A pattern of color filter(10) is formed on substrate. A laser beam(12) being moved in the direction of X(left to right) along the pattern of color filter(10) is scanned with dithering action forming vibrations up and down. The dithering of the laser beam(12) is formed in the vertical direction of scanning direction to achieve an exact thermal transferring for both edges(10a,10b) of the color filter pattern(10).


This study examines the role of customer knowledge and trust in the technology acceptance model (TAM) on internet banking (IB) in Indonesia. It proposes a hypothesis that customer knowledge and trust moderate the relationship between perceived usefulness and ease of use with attitudes toward IB, which in turn, it can also influence intention to use IB. The sample was taken by purposive sampling technique from the customers of the three largest banks in Indonesia, namely Bank Mandiri, Bank Central Asia (BCA), and Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). There were 280 respondents from these banks, and the data were analyzed by using the Structural Equation Model with the Partial Least Square approach. The significant finding in this study is that customer knowledge moderates positively the relationship between perceived ease of use and usefulness with customers' attitudes. In addition, trust moderates negatively the relationship between perceived usefulness and attitudes toward IB. These findings extend the TAM model by adding the moderating role of customer knowledge and trust to the bank and recommend managers to increase customer adoption of IB.


Supervisory Decision-Making (SDM) refers to human supervision of several semi-autonomous (nonhuman) systems in a collaborative manner to accomplish a goal. This study defined SDM and distinguished it from traditional supervisory control and decision-making. An examination of diverse literature in organization design, biology, robotics, innovation diffusion, and trust in automation, yielded no directly applicable or comprehensive models. Field observations were made of large-scale war-games, where operators interacted with semi/autonomous sensors and defense-management systems. Four cognitive models were subsequently developed describing 1) adaptive partnering with automation, 2) technology adoption, 3) trust in automation, and 4) dealing with advice from decision aids. The latter quantitatively models individual, dynamic decisions to accept or reject recommendations made by automated battlespace advisors. The anticipated benefits of this work include more effective human-robot coordination, communication, the identification of experiments, and ultimately design guidelines for robotics, intelligent software agents, intelligent transportation systems, and space exploration.


AbstractPresent study has been designed to find out the airborne mycoflora of the work environment of rice mills where workers are occupationally exposed to these environmental flora with a special reference to isolation and identification of aflatoxin positive Aspergillus strain from the work environment. The study covered altogether three rice mills located at Bawla town in Ahmedabad district (India). Of all the isolates, 27.39 were Aspergillus of which 6.64; were A. flavus. Quantitative evaluation showed the maximum number of isolates recovered from work place (P<0.01) in comparison to office (control). Strains of A. flavus were subcultured onto various qualitative media for identification of toxigenic strain, but none of the strains showed positive result indicating that all the eight strains were non-toxigenic.


Working with aerosols almost always involves concerning yourself with losses. Diffusion losses are of particular importance for the smallest of particles. While minimizing losses is optimal, some losses cannot be avoided and must be corrected for. Diffusional losses can occur anywhere from the point of sampling up until the point of detection within an instrument. This includes the sampling probe, tubing connecting the sampling probe to the instrument, and losses within the instrument itself.


Bush fires and dust in the dry winter months establish moderately high background levels of aerosols. Emissions into the atmosphere by copper mines, coal mines and vehicular emissions are all possible sources of air pollution with heavy metals. Although there has been assessment and monitoring of heavy metals and their air pollution in other countries such as Brazil, Europe and America, there is little documentation about concentration of heavy metals in aerosols in Botswana. A total of 63 Aerosol samples were collected at the Botswana College of Agriculture and were analysed for concentrations of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn in filtrate using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Varian SpectrAA 220 FS). Statistical receptor models were applied to investigate potential sources of the studied metals. Data exhibits enhanced enrichments of Zn (EFg = 76), Al (EFg = 14391), Co (EFg = 19), Cu (EFg = 5), Pb (EFg = 3) and Ni (EFg = 2), which was attributed to contributions from non-crustal sources, whereas Mn and Fe (EFg < 2) were attributed to crustal origin, such as airborne dust. Data was subjected to factor analysis (FA) twice. From FA-1, two Principal Components (PC) were revealed. PC-1 showed high positive loadings of Pb, Zn, Ni and Al, whereas PC-2 had loadings for Fe and Mn. On the other hand, FA-2 had three principal components. PC-1 from FA-2 showed strong loadings for Cu, Fe and Mn. FA-2 had strong loadings of Pb, Al and Zn, whereas loadings for PC-3 were comprised of Ni and Co. The difference between loadings of FA-1 and FA-2 suggested possibilities of mixed origins of the studied metals. Finally, air mass back-trajectory analysis showed that during the sampling period, there were only 5 cluster groups that represented significantly different transport pathways of aerosol samples, where only Zn and Ni mean concentrations revealed dependence on geographical origin of aerosol samples. Results of the analysed concentrations of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn in aerosol samples showed that the presence of Fe and Mn in the atmosphere in the ambient air of Sebele is mainly due to contributions from lithogenic sources. Pb, Ni, Co, Al and Zn exist because of anthropogenic sources, whereas, Cu, exist because of mixed origins. Trajectory analysis further shows that the anthropogenic Zn and Ni could also be present in the air sampled due to air mass transportation from distant sources.


Introduction: Proteus spp. has been the signicant cause of wound infections as they commonly colonize
the wound. Simultaneously multiple drug resistance mechanisms also pose a therapeutic challenge.
P.penneri is commonly misidentied as P.mirabilis which is multidrug resistant. Aim and objectives: The current study was
conducted to determine the prevalence of MBLs in P.penneri among wound infections at a tertiary care hospital from Western
Maharashtra. Material and Methods: Specimens collected from wounds of OPD and IPD patients were examined by standard
bacteriological methods. All Proteus isolates were subjected to Antimicrobial susceptibility and MBL production test as per
CLSI guidelines. Results: Total 1826 wound samples were screened over the period of May 2017 to July 2018. Overall
prevalence of Proteus spp. was 7.12%, P.mirabilis being the commonest. Among all isolates 53.68% and 37.04% of P.mirabilis
and P.vulgaris were ESBL producers, respectively. The rate for MBL production was 11.58% and 0% for P.mirabilis and P.vulgaris,
respectively. On the contrary 75% of P.penneri isolates were ESBL producers and 12.5% were MBL producers. Discussion and
conclusion: Emergence of ESBL and MBL producers is of special concern as Proteus spp. is intrinsically resistant to tigecycline
and colistin. Identication of P.penneri from clinical specimens is necessary, due to its multidrug resistance which makes
clinical treatment extremely difcult. This will limit its control and eradication especially from wound infections as they are
common colonizers. Therefore isolation of such beta lactamases producing P.penneri shall be considered as an alarming sign
to control the spread of this superbug.


The fastidious bacterium causing citrus greening disease occurs in uneven and low concentrations in the sieve tubes of host plants. A rapid and sensitive assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed using the primers derived from the sequences of the cloned DNA fragment of greening fastidious bacterium (GFB) to detect GFB infection in citrus. One set of the primer pairs (named 226-primer pair), which generates a 226 bp GFB-specific fragment from total DNA templates purified from diseased citrus plants, was tested and chosen for PCR amplification. The PCR-based assay using this 226-primer pair effectively detected GFB infection in various citrus cultivars collected from different Asian countries. This detection technique, which can be completed within 6 h, offers a rapid and efficient method for accurate diagnosis of citrus greening disease.


Abstract : Organophosphates are inhibitors of serine hydrolases. Oximes are clinically available enzyme reactivators. To determine in vivo the effect of high dose PRX use on "time-to-extubation (TTE)" and mortality as compared to identical therapy without PRX. 12 anaesthetized minipigs were used. All pigs received iv-POX (lmg/kg BW) over 50 minutes. Group one (n = 6) received conventional intensive care therapy as described previously J Appi Toxicol 18: 293 - 298. Group two (n = 6) received in addition iv-PRX 10 g ( 300 mg/kg BW). Before BASE-LINE;BL, after POX application (50 min) and then at 1,2,3,4,8 and 16 hours after POX AChE and BChE activities were measured. Statistics: rank order test; significance for p </= 0.05. In group one TTE was 7.2 +/- 4.4 h after last measurement. Mortality was 0. In group two TTE was 14.7 +/- 6.4 h after last measurement. Mortality was 4/6. Pralidoxime therapy has no beneficial effect and its use can not be recommended.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and method for preparing bio ethanol from food waste is provided to effectively isolate ethanol though gas stripping technique. CONSTITUTION: A method for preparing bio ethanol from food waste comprises: a step of mixing 780ml of pH 4.5-5.5 buffer, 180-220ml of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 18-22ml of viscozyme in 1,000g of food waste; a step of adding the mixture in a sealed reactor filled with nitrogen; and a step of isolating ethanol from the reactor through gas stripping technique using nitrogen. An apparatus for preparing the bio ethanol from the food waste comprises the reactor(31), circulation pipe(32), gas circulation pump(33), coller(34), and ethanol collection device(35).


The study examined the attitude of crop farmers towards adopting agricultural technologies in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents in the study area, ascertain the level of awareness of agricultural technologies in the study area examine the attitude of crop farmers towards the adoption of new technologies in the study area, determine the level of adoption of agricultural technologies and ascertain the factors that hinders crop farmers from adopting agricultural technologies in the study area. Questionnaire and interview schedules were used to gather information. A total of 100 respondents were used. Data were analysed with the use of percentage, frequency and mean score derived from Likert scale. Findings showed that (59%) of the sampled respondents were females, (51%) of the sampled respondents were within the age of 31-40. About (53%) of the respondents were married. About (69%) of the size of 4-6 persons. (46%) of the respondents had farming experience of 2-5 years and (39%) of the respondents earned 11,000-30,000 naira's as their income. The study further revealed that most of the respondents were aware of all the listed agricultural technologies in the study but only adopted a few. All the challenges listed in the study were identified as constraints to adopting agricultural technologies by the respondents. The study recommends that the cost of agricultural technologies should be subsidized by government to enable rural farmers acquire them in appropriate time, there should be recruitment of more extension field agents to enable effective extension service delivery and communication, also there is an urgent need for a change in people's attitude towards agricultural technologies especially among the youths who are the future.

https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJAES/VOL. 9 NO. 5 2023/Attitude of Arable Crop Farmers.pdf


It is one of the intriguing coincidences of twentieth-century European theatre history that in 1970 when Ariane Mnouchkine and her company, the Theatre du Soleil, were looking for a permanent home during rehearsals for their production 1789, the place they found quite by accident was in the Bois de Vincennes on the outskirts of Paris — where Antonin Artaud had seen his first performance of Balinese theatre 40 years before.This otherwise insignificant coincidence has symbolic significance because Artaud's frrst exposure to non-Western theatre forms was highly influential on his developing vision of a revitalised Western theatre. That vision in its turn has generated a new tradition of Western theatre practice which looks towards the stylised forms of Asian theatre as a way of breaking out of television-style naturalism. The most prominent exponent of this theatre tradition in France has been Ariane Mnouchkine, who freely acknowledges her debt to Artaud and quotes his maxim, "The theatre IS oriental."


The temperature measurement system based on Charge-Coupled Devices(CCD) and Wien's radiation law has been developed for industrial heat treatment.Because,the system based on a matrix CCD is complex and has no choice to use the three wavelengths of red,green and blue.A new method based on a linear CCD is presented.By using the method,experiments are performed on a 2.5kW heat treatment furnace,which shows that wavelengths can be chosen randomly to get the temperature.To reduce the errors,a multi-sensor weighted fusion algorithm is applied.Compared with the arithmetic mean method,the algorithm can get optimal temperature without any prior knowledge of the surveying data.


"Two Hundreds Years of Medicine in Richmond and Virginia," is the theme of the exhibits, commemorating the bicentennial of Richmond and the centennial of the Medical College of Virginia. The forty-six displays housed in the Richmond Academy of Medicine and the Library of the Medical College of Virginia have been arranged to show the development of medicine in Richmond from 1737-1937. The Richmond Academy of Medicine has emphasized the history of medicine, the Medical College of Virginia the teaching of medicine, and the local hospitals treatment. A comparison of the difference in the treatment of pneumonia during these two periods is particularly striking. In 1737 the patient is shown covered with quilts, windows tightly closed and a roaring fire. In 1937 the room is shown attractively furnished with the latest type of hospital furnishings, portable oxygen tent and a graduate nurse in attendance. The present operating room is designed with the latest equipment from the operating lamp to the newest type of gas machine; while in 1737 there was no regular operating room in America, the surgeon either operating in his office or in the patient's home. The conditions under which he was obliged to work are illustrated with the crudest sort of furnishings, a wooden table, and a restraining rope, anesthesia having not been discovered at this time. There are many amputating knives, saws, hypodermic sets, early obstetrical instruments, etc., exhibited in cases. For contrast, of course, there are the new instruments of stainless steel and chromium. Books of Virginia physicians ranging from Catesby's Flora and Fauna of Southern North America, written in the early 18th century, to Blanton's History of Medicine in Virginia in the 19th Century, published in 1933, are on display. There are also photographs of the early founders of medicine in Virginia, and the members of the Richmond Academy of Medicine of the present day. The Richmond Board of Health has graphs and charts showing the improvement in the control of communicable diseases in Richmond. The evolution of transportation and professional dress is exhibited in models.


aSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran bMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 10 January 2020 Accepted 8 May 2020 Available online 8 May 2020 The numerical simulation of fatigue behavior of the Aluminum 7075-T6 cantilever beam with an angular crack has been investigated. Cracks are located separately in three different positions of the investigated beam. To predict the fatigue behavior of the cantilever beam the crack propagation was manually simulated. Compression load is applied in different stress ratios between zero and one; then, the obtained numerical results of this research are compared with the experimental results. It is observed that increasing the stress ratio increases the percentage of the fatigue life of the sample significantly. Ascending growth of fatigue life is slow and more severe by increasing of the stress ratio for the first and the third position, respectively. By increasing the stress ratio, the rate of deviation of the crack decreases and it converges to 0° in parallel to the width of the beam. This result is also observed with an increase in the distance from the support of beam. Furthermore, it is also revealed that by the increase in the initial length of the crack, the fatigue life initially reduces with smaller ratios. However, along the larger cracks, the decreasing ratio of fatigue life increases significantly.


Aiming at the critical issue that the cost of water resources depletion(CWRD)is difficult to be evaluated in System of Integrated Environmental-Economic Accounting(SEEA)at present,this study proposes a calculation method based on the research on system of environmental-economic accounting for water(SEEAW)of China in recent years.According to the negotiability of water resources,a theory of which to evaluate value of water resources by shadow price was suggested.Mean while based on the concept and quantity of water resources depletion(WRD),a method to calculate CWRD by value of water resources and WRD was proposed.It shows that the CWRD of China is 164.7 billion yuan or 0.91% of GDP in 2005.Among the first-level river basins in China,the CWRD of Haihe River is the highest,reaching 76.9 billion yuan or 2.92% of GDP of the Haihe River basin.It shows the situation of water shortage in the Haihe River basin.Meanwhile,the approach was applied to estimate the CWRD in the whole mainland of China and the first-level river basin.


This study aims to examine the concept of cognitive psychology which is part of the mental process and the human mind. The process of recognition that humans do in trying to find their identity and achieve what they want. This study uses a qualitative approach by describing the study data collected in the literature. The data were collected through observation and literature


The supply/demand energy systems in three focus communities - Richmond, Indiana; Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Portland, Maine - are described, as well as energy data for the US as a whole and the Northeast and North Central regions in particular to show the larger context of the energy situation in which the focus communities operate. For each focus community is documented the use of local resources, methods for systematic evaluation, contents of final energy plans, and implementation process. This information is then examined to identify problems and possible improvements in local program content. (LEW)


The return water pressure in individual peak shaving heat source plants where the terrain is higher is excessively low in a hydraulic calculation of ring heat-supply network with large difference in elevation and multiple heat sources.In order to solve this problem,two solutions are proposed,the first one is to increase pressure at the pressurization point of basic heat source,and the second one is to install a regulating valve on return water main near the basic heat source namely the hydraulic catchment.


In this paper, we will study the question of cinematographic quality by analyzing the conditions of the exploitation of "Research and Discovery" labeled movies, functioning in the types of markets where they are proposed. After these films' profiles are described, we examine the courses they take within two different configurations of the exploitation market. First, an ideal-type competitive market in Paris and secondly, a subsidized market in Seine-Saint-Denis relying on the data provided by over 80 movies.


An attempt was made to develop a general softwood kraft delignification model. A mathematical model of continuous distribution of reactivity type was fitted to data obtained at a high liquor-to-wood ratio. The model differs from a previously published model of the same type, since it considers both the effect of inactive sodium salts, and the effect of dissolved wood components. The model was successfully fitted to data from constant composition cooks. The constructed model was validated against cooking series, performed with various liquors and a low liquor-to-wood ratio. The validation showed that the continuous distribution of reactivity model is able to predict the data to a Klason lignin content of approx. 14%. However, the model is not able to predict the measured lignin values in the latter half of the cook satisfactorily, as none of the other published models of the three-phase type that are used for comparison. Two reasons for this shortcoming are suggested; either the industrial black liquor used in the constant composition cooking trials was not representative of the wood components that are dissolved during the validation cooks, or the so-called memory effects caused the difference. Either way, more data are needed to construct a kraft delignification model that can be used in a general way.


Besides the significance of estimating aircraft seat capacity for airline operating cost and yield estimation as well as for the conceptual design of aircraft, airline fleet planning requires an understanding of aircraft cabin configuration. This paper presents the impact of airline business models, market segments in terms of flight distances, and geographical regions on aircraft cabin configuration, i.e. aircraft seat capacities and installed seats per cabin class. Using the historical databases of global low-cost carriers and airline flight schedules between 2000 and 2016, two ABM clusters – full-service network carriers (FSNCs) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) - were developed, while using seven already-developed passenger-aircraft clusters. Focusing on the jet commuter (JC), narrow-body (NB) and long-range (LR) aircraft clusters, studies were conducted on the historical development of aircraft cluster seat capacities at different abstraction levels: global, airline business model, intra- and inter-regional flight distances, as well as a combination of ABM and (inter)regional flights. Selected results were further analysed using statistical tests on the mean and regression analysis. The analysis results show that LCCs use aircraft that have less average scheduled and less average maximum possible seats than FSNCs. Specifically, FSNCs use significantly bigger aircraft types in LR cluster than LCCs, while LCCs use significantly bigger aircraft types in JC cluster than FSNCs. Furthermore, average cabin utilisation of aircraft clusters scheduled by LCCs are significantly higher than average cabin utilisation scheduled by FSNCs. With increasing distance, average cabin utilisation also significantly reduces.


Inbreeding has become a problem in some horse breeds. Studies show that it may lead to inbreeding depression which affects e.g. reproduction traits. In the wild there are mechanisms that make horses avoid mating with close relatives. When selection is done by humans this mechanism is removed and intensive breeding for a few traits, for example good racing results, can become a problem. A small population may have more difficulties to maintain a large genetic diversity, for example the Friesian horse and the Hucul horse. The Friesian population has decreased substantially in number over the past hundred years and the population of the Hucul horse is small and closed. This has resulted in an increased rate of retained placenta in Friesian mares and a decrease in fertility and fecundity of the Hucul horse. Larger populations may be affected by inbreeding as well.
Inbreeding in the Thoroughbred horse has increased during the past ten years, which may explain a shorter and more intense racing season. It is more profitable to have a high turnover of horses instead of focusing on sustainable breeding individuals. Studies of the Norwegian trotter have shown that inbreeding has an effect on early abortions. Studies of Standardbred trotters and Finnhorses in Finland show that a higher inbreeding coefficient is significantly correlated with a lower foaling rate. A high inbreeding coefficient results in a reduced semen quality in Shetland pony stallions. A major challenge today is to get a high genetic gain in breeding and still avoid inbreeding caused by too few selected breeding animals.


Echoes from Dharamsala: Music in the Life of. Tibetan Refugee Community. Keila Diehl. University of California Press, 2002. ix. 312 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.


This article presents results of a comparative study of the role of courts in environmental law in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden – focusing on the Swedish and Danish experiences.1 The purpose of the comparative study was to examine the extent to which differences in court systems may affect the application and enforcement of environmental law, focusing on general courts versus more specialized courts or administrative tribunals. Environmental law in Nordic countries is dominated by a public law perspective and the study focuses on judicial review of administrative decisions of environmental issues.


It is well known that credibility theory in discrete time is closely related to the discrete technique of Kalman filtering. In this paper we show the close relationship between credibility theory and filter theory in discrete and continuous time as well as between credibility theory in a discrete and continuous time setting.


Annotation: It is noted in the article that it is of great importance to research Samarkand Region population age composition and increment of labor resources. The direct impact of age composition to increment of labor resources is also studied in this article. Also, the issue of employment of the population is considered. Keywords: age composition, labor resources, population density, populated locality, city, village, children, adults, pensioners


The relationship between entrepreneur's factors and different financing sources in the process of financing is studied by the analysis of entrepreneur's ability,moral hazard and the capital.The factors are beneficial to the entrepreneur's financing such as the strengthening of entrepreneur's ability,the reduction of moral hazard and the increasing of the capital.The enterprises which have more capital and good ability of entrepreneur are suitable to make financing by market and take low financing cost,and those which have less capital and poor ability of entrepreneur are suitable to make financing by financial agencies and take high financing cost.


For their Now Showing program Cinenova working group invited me to present my video Circuits of Bad Conscience alongside two films by other artists that I selected from the Cinenova Collection; a collection of 500 titles made by women, including experimental film, cinema, artists' film and video, documentaries and educational videos, made from 1912 to 2001. The screening included The Hired Hands by Judy Jackson produced in the UK in 1985. This documentary takes a critical look at the conditions of employment for the one in three women who work as typists, receptionists, clerks and secretaries in Great Britain, and examines why women in these positions are often underpaid and exploited. Alongside Delilah by Tanya Syed produced in the UK in 1995. This film is a kinetic meditation on female expressions of power and desire. A chiaroscuro of tension and release.

The Cinenova: Now Showing programme of screening events began in March 2015 and runs monthly. This series intends to materialise relationships between contemporary artists' moving image practice and the feminist organising legacies present in the Cinenova collection.


Photograph of a woman working in a Chrysler Dodge factory in Michigan. The picture appears to have been taken from behind a car window.


The objective of this research is to build a nested generalized linear mixed model using an ordinal response variable with some covariates. There are three main jobs in this paper, i.e. parameters estimation procedure, simulation, and implementation of the model for the real data. At the part of parameters estimation procedure, concepts of threshold, nested random effect, and computational algorithm are described. The simulations data are built for 3 conditions to know the effect of different parameter values of random effect distributions. The last job is the implementation of the model for the data about poverty in 9 districts of Java Island. The districts are Kuningan, Karawang, and Majalengka chose randomly in West Java; Temanggung, Boyolali, and Cilacap from Central Java; and Blitar, Ngawi, and Jember from East Java. The covariates in this model are province, number of bad nutrition cases, number of farmer families, and number of health personnel. In this modeling, all covariates are grouped as ordin...


At the present time industrial waste is considered to be an alternative to primary natural resources when producing construction materials and products. The use of industrial waste in the construction branch allows reducing ecological load on the environment and population as a result of reducing the amount of unrecyclable waste and reducing the use of primary natural resources. Though when involving waste products as raw material in the preparation of building materials there occur environmental risks of anthropogenic impact increase on the environment. These risks are related to possible emission of heavy metals from construction materials in use. The article describes a tool which allows predicting this issue, depending on the acidity of the medium, the residence time of the material in the environment. The experimental data obtained in determining the migration activity of metals from cement concretes to aqueous solutions served as the basis for the mathematical model. The proposed model allows us to make a prediction of anthropogenic impact on the environment and commensurate this impact with the possibility of assimilation of the environment area where the building materials are applied. This will allow conducting an effective assessment of the created and applied technologies of waste disposal, taking into account the operating conditions of the materials produced.


The reform and opening-up policy has brought the advanced idea and technical support for the book design, but lots of book designers lost in the pursuing to purely technique and form, they neglect the essence of book design, what is to making the book's connotation visually, to severe book's content, and then making the design and book unification. This paper trying to proofing the importance of unification of" form" and "essence" and then provides some effective advices and methods for book design.


Consider a multiple-input-multiple-output-multihop network consisting of nS noncooperating source antennas, nD fully cooperating destination antennas, and L clusters of nR noncooperating relay antennas each. The source signals reach the destination antennas via L + 1 hops by traversing all relay clusters. Relay antennas scale their received signals by a common constant before retransmission (amplify-and-forward). We perform an asymptotic capacity analysis assuming the elements of the (per hop) channel matrices to satisfy the conditions for the Marcenko-Pastur law. Our result: In the limit L rarr infin sum-capacity scales linearly with min{nS, nD}, if and only if L scales no faster than linearly with the ratio nR/ min{nS, nD}.


Transient intramolecular interactions between transactivation domain and DNA binding domain of transcription factors are known to play important functional roles, including modulation of DNA binding affinity and specificity. Similar type of inter-domain interactions has recently been reported for the transcription factor ATF4/CREB-2, a key regulator of the Integral Stress Response. In the case of ATF4, transient coupling between the transactivation and basic-leucine zipper (bZip) domains regulates the degree of phosphorylation of the disordered transactivation domain achievable by the casein kinase CK2. Despite the crucial importance of these inter-domain interactions, their structural and molecular basis remain ill-determined. In the present study, we use a combination of experimental and computational techniques to determine the precise nature of the long-range contacts established between the transactivation and bZip domains of ATF4 prior to its association with protein partners and DNA. Solution NMR spectroscopy experiments reveal that the isolated bZip domain of ATF4 is predominantly disordered and display evidence of conformational dynamics over a wide range of timescales. These experimental findings are supported by multi-microsecond timescale all-atom molecular simulations that unveil the molecular basis of the long-range interactions between the transactivation and bZip domains of ATF4. We found that inter-domain coupling is primarily driven by disorder-mediated interactions between a leucine-rich region of the transactivation domain and the leucine-zipper region of the bZip domain. This study uncovers the role played by structural disorder in facilitating the formation of long-range intramolecular interactions that shape the conformational ensemble of ATF4 in a critical manner.


We investigate numerically the properties of metallo-dielectric, one-dimensional, photonic band-gap structures. Our theory predicts that interference effects give rise to a new transparent metallic structure that permits the transmission of light over a tunable range of frequencies, for example, the ultraviolet, the visible, or the infrared wavelength range. The structure can be designed to block ultraviolet light, transmit in the visible range, and reflect all other electromagnetic waves of lower frequencies, from infrared to microwaves and beyond. The transparent metallic structure is composed of a stack of alternating layers of a metal and a dielectric material, such that the complex index of refraction alternates between a high and a low value. The structure remains transparent even if the total amount of metal is increased to hundreds of skin depths in net thickness.


Despite (or perhaps reflecting) widespread awareness of its ambiguity, the term 'geoengineering' has in recent years become massively more prominent. Academic, policy and civil society circles routinely use this term to describe, support or oppose a diverse range of techniques and ideas. This study aims to contribute to understandings of ways in which variously envisaged approaches to 'geoengineering' of the global climate are currently being framed. It asks not only about variously viewed implications of geoengineering itself, but also what these diverse framings can reveal about wider politics in contemporary debates around climate change, science and technology. The paper applies Q methodology to analyse geoengineering as a subjective discursive construct, the bounds of which are continually negotiated and contested. 35 participants from a variety of disciplinary and institutional backgrounds in the UK, US, Canada and Japan undertook a 'Q sort' of 48 opinion statements about geoengineering between December 2012 and February 2013. Four distinctive framings emerged from this analysis, labelled: 'At the very least we need more research'; 'We are the planetary maintenance engineers'; 'Geoengineering is a political project'; and 'Let's focus on Carbon.' Results indicate a strong polarity around divergently-construed pros and cons of geoengineering as a whole – underscoring the political salience of this term. But additional axes of difference suggest a more nuanced picture than straightforward pro/anti positioning. The ambiguity of the term is argued to offer interpretive flexibility for articulating diverse interests within and across contending framings. The paper questions whether increasing terminological precision will necessarily facilitate greater clarity in governance discussions or public engagement, and argues that the merits of any given form of precision will depend on particular framings. Much ambiguity in this area may thus be irreducible, and hence the challenge lies rather in realising the wider implications of the political pluralities this reveals.


Different carrot cultivars were examined for glucose, fructose, saccharose and volatile substances. Altogether 95 samples were analysed for sugars in three consecutive years. The effect of storage, irrigation and Mg 2+ treatment was also studied. Saccharose was the dominant sugar, while glucose to fructose ratio was over one. Irrigation and magnesium foliage spray had almost no influence on sugar content in the tested cultivars according to PCA. The cultivar and crop year was found to be affecting factors. As measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the major volatile compounds were α-pinene, β-myrcene, α-terpinolene, trans-β-caryophyllene and trans-γ-bisabolene with sesquiterpenes dominating over terpenes in all the cultivars tested in this work (Nantes, Nantes Forto, Fertodi Red, Red Giant, and Danvers). La composition en glucose, fructose, saccharose et en composes volatils de differents cultivars de carotte est analysee. L'effet de l'entreposage, de l'irrigation et du traitement avec le magnesium sont observes. Le cultivar et l'annee de recolte influent particulierement sur la composition. Les composes volatils majeurs sont l'α-pinene, le β-myrcene, l'α-terpinolene, le trans-β-caryophyllene et le trans- γ-bisabolene.