Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated glomerular disease are mainly membranous glomerulonephritis, m embranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, essential mixed criyoglobulinemia, IgA nephropathy and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. The pathogenesis of HBV related GN has been defined as chronic antigenemia and passive deposition of immune complex in glomeruli. We reported here a patient with liver cirrosis and proliferative GN related with HBV. A fortyl-one year old man, with history of hepatitis a 20 years ago was admitted to hospital due to generalized edema. Physical examination showed that ascites, pretibial edema and diminished pulmonary sounds. Laboratory investigations were as follows: BUN 86 mg/dl, creatinin 2.2 mg/dl, total protein 5 g/dl, serum albumin 2.3 g/dl, daily proteinuria 4g. and HbsAg positive. Liver and renal biopsy showed that chirrosis, and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. In this patient, nephrotic syndrome and dialysis requiring acute renal failure regressed with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide treatment. In follow-up period after 12 months, his renal function was within normal limits and proteinuria was negative.


Information technology nowadays focuses on service environments provided by the "Internet of Things or IoT" due to this rapid growth of advanced technologies such as wireless connectivity, sensors, and cloud computing. In other words, building management, smart homes, surveillance services, as well as smart farms are all examples of where IoT technology is now widely deployed. IoT is the next step in computing, connectivity, and communication, with actual items all around the earth connecting to the network and exchange information. This is an information-driven strategy. As a result, it can be considered as a rapidly developing physical network of developing physical things. Using different protocols, the devices reliably and safely transmit information obtained from their environs through the medium of communication. To solve difficulties of compatibility and interoperability, the protocols implicated are being standardised. In the system, each linked object is uniquely identified and managed. The aim of this paper is to develop classification as well as clustering system of IoT service. Primary quantitative or "survey and secondary qualitative methods" are used in this research to collect statistical and theory-based information.


The paper describes Russian lexical borrowing, the prevailing on the territory of the Republic of Tuva and China, which have penetrated the dialects and sub-dialects as a result of marginal media contacts Tuvinian and Russian languages and representing mainly household vocabulary. And in the dialects and sub-dialects of Tuvinian language prevailing on the territory of Mongolia, russisms penetrated through the Mongolian language, represent the scientific and educational terminology names of the realities of life, in technical terms. Borrowing from Russian language in the dialect of Tuvinian language is their differential signs.


In this paper, tiny in-line defects which correlated with chip low yield were investigated. A procedure which has optimum use of FIBs with different function to prepare ultra-thin TEM sample to analyze tiny defects has been proposed, which help prepare overlap free TEM sample in tiny defect analysis process. TEM /EELS /EFTEM have been performed in tiny defect analysis. Two tiny in-line defect cases were studied, which were both found after poly gate etch but with different defect source.


In late summer of 2005, the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on primary produc- tion (PP), bacterial production (BP) and viral decay rates (VDR) were investigated along a salinity gradient in the northern South China Sea. The freshwater input increased the UVA diffuse atten- uation coefficient (up to 2.7 m �1 ) near the Pearl River estuary and consequently influenced the UVR inhibitory effects, as VDR was significantly correlated with the UVA diffuse attenuation coef- ficient. UVR inhibition of PP was significantly higher in upwelled waters than downwelled waters, suggesting that the vertical mixing (i.e. upwelling and downwelling) was an important factor reg- ulating microbial sensitivity to UVR. UVR inhibited PP and BP by ~15 and 25%, respectively, and the UVR inhibition of BP was significantly higher than that of PP in most of the samples; hence there was a competitive advantage for phytoplankton over bacteria under the relatively high UVR exposure. UVR increased VDR by ~30%, which decreased bacterial mortality by 0.12 to 0.3% h �1 and mitigated the inhibitory effects of UVR on bacteria. In general, phytoplankton were more tolerant than bacteria and viruses to UVR in the sub-tropical northern South China Sea.


Simplified formulas were obtained for the gain of a laser regenerator with the effect of saturation taken into account for the case when the spectral line is Doppler-broadened. The accuracy of the simplified formula is estimated by comparing the results of a calculation with it and by the exact formula. The largest difference in the regenerator gain value is also estimated. (MHR)


Of those who in the 19th Century applied the historical method to the study of the New Testament and the early church none were more important than Ferdinand Christian Baur and Joseph Barber Lightfoot. My intention in this paper is to compare them and the outstanding contributions they made to our knowledge of the period with which they dealt. I do this in the hope of recalling for our profit some of the history of New Testament study and of making the point that New Testament study is, or ought to be, a field for international cooperation rather than international rivalry. At first I hoped that my method, of considering what each of these great men made of a particularly obscure piece of New Testament history, might lead not only to deeper understanding of how historians work but also to a fresh consideration and evaluation of the piece in question; it has proved impossible to go so far within the space available. My underlying concern is, however, with the problem of early Christian history. My title I borrow from the Latin version of a tract by Lucian, Πως δείἱστορίαν συγγρ⋯φειν. Lucian will, to my regret, occupy a smaller part of the paper than I originally intended, but having borrowed the title I cannot omit him altogether.


Currently, the job market has not only required companies to invest, but to develop strategies that will lead the business to its sustainability. Internal logistics, in turn, has been a major investment to strengthen the management process, companies have sought to structure their physical spaces every day and always make themselves available for future additions, with the main focus being to be prepared for global competitiveness. . This study aims to identify and describe publications in Brazil on the topic: the importance of internal logistics in the retail of home appliances. This work constitutes a bibliometric study on retailing and inventory management of home appliances in Brazil in the last ten years (2011-2020) based on articles and periodicals found in the SciELO and Google Scholar article bases.


There are three objectives in this research, namely to find out the concept of sharia economic law in financial institutions in terms of Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning OJK (Financial Services Authority), strengthening sharia economic law within the Financial Services Authority, and handling sharia economic law problems. by the Financial Services Authority. In this study through the stages of problem identification, preparation of activity proposals, and program implementation. By using a normative legal research method (juridical-normative) with a statutory approach  and a concept approach. In terms of data collection, library research is the technique used in collecting our research data for content analysis in order to obtain normative data. The concept of sharia economic law at the Financial Services Authority is related to sharia economics, the strengthening of sharia economic law is contained in Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority, if there are sharia banking problems this can be resolved by using a court or through an institution organized by the Authority. Financial Services, namely Alternative Dispute Resolution Institutions.


This article is a qualitative work with an interpretative approach about the managerial shock, a policy adopted in 2003 by the Minas Gerais state government which has been projected to reach its goals by 2023. The main purpose of this study was to verify how innovative such management model is, taking into account two perspectives: the opinion of the stakeholders involved in developing, implementing and evaluating the model, and the theoretical principles related to innovation in the public sector. The theoretical framework included the approaches and perspectives of organizational change, emphasizing the current state of innovation in the Brazilian public administration. Seventy state workers were submitted to a semi-structured survey and had their perceptions collected and analyzed. The results revealed that the managerial shock was considered a strictly managerial change, which innovated in the strategic, technological, structural and control aspects, but it did not reach the same success in relation to human, cultural and political change.


Innovative methodologies and new emerging technologies have significant potential for education. Therefore, their use is becoming more and more common in the educational society. This research analyses the integration of gamification through ICT in natural sciences in primary education to improve environmental education. Two didactic units of renewable energies are implemented through a control group which uses a traditional learning method and an experimental group which uses the gamification method and ICT as an educational resource. By means of a mixed methodology, data from 36 students of 6th grade of primary school are analysed, applying the Mann Whitney U-test, a questionnaire and systematic observation. It is highlighted that the work and integration of the gamification methodology, through ICT, does not significantly improve academic performance. However, statistically significant improvements are stressed in satisfaction and motivation in learning processes. The results underline the need for teachers to receive technological and pedagogical training to improve the use of technology in their classrooms.


This paper proposes a robust control strategy for a hybrid battery/super capacitors power system with a single converter. In such systems, it is required to smooth the battery current considering the load power transient and the current oscillations of the DC bus delivered by the load in the context of a hybrid electric vehicle. Furthermore, constraints of all the system components, i.e. maximum current of the battery and super capacitors, state of the charge of the super capacitors and battery temperature should be taken into account. To deal with these demands, a novel cascaded voltage control loop is proposed. For the outer voltage loop, an anti-windup proportional integral controller is used to regulate the super capacitor voltage at its nominal value. On the other hand, for the inner voltage loop, an anti-windup super twisting controller is proposed to ensure the convergence of the DC bus voltage to its reference value while attenuating the external perturbation. Indeed, the specific feature of such controller is that it works like a low-pass filter which leads to attenuate the current oscillations in the DC bus.


Optical methods are challenging to apply at the nanoscale, due to the large mismatch between the wavelength and the sizes of nanoscale objects. I will describe projects that have addressed this challenge for various applications.


INTRODUCTION
People with mental illnesses are at increased risk of developing skin wounds. Very few studies addressed the wound care needs for psychiatric patients and the educational needs for psychiatric and mental health nurses (PMHNs).

AIM
A wound care education - feasibility and quality improvement project - was implemented to improve wound care competence among nurses on the Seniors' Mental Health Units at a psychiatric hospital.

METHODS
36 nurses participated in wound care knowledge education and completed both the pretest and posttest. Four nurses participated in wound care skills training.

RESULTS
The post-intervention mean score increase for wound care knowledge was 5.14 (178%) and for skills was 7 (75.7%). The results were statistically significant (p< .001).

DISCUSSION
This study adds to the existing evidence by offering an evidence-based solution to equip PMHNs with the necessary knowledge and skills to provide high-quality wound care to patients.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH
Future mental health nursing practice and research need to focus on finding evidence-based practical solutions to help support PMHNs improve their ability to care for physical illnesses. A future pilot randomized controlled trial will be needed to estimate the parameters for a full trial and cost-effectiveness study.


Press releases published on New Zealand Commerce Commission Carter Holt Harvey fined for "classic" price fixing breaches* Commerce Commission General Manager Competition, Kate Morrison says the…


Digital city is a main part of digital earth. The study fields of digital city, which based on the idea of digital earth, include basic theory, application fields and realizing technology. The realizing of digital city needs the support of spatial data getting technology, mass data storing technology, wide band net transmission technology, viewable and interoperation technology, virtual reality technology, and so on.


The present invention relates to a prefabricated wall panel system. The prefabricated wall panel system comprising: a full-height prefabricated wall panel; less than the full height of the upper prefabricated wall panel, which is fixed to the window opening defined between the full-height prefabricated wall panel or door opening, said window opening or door opening in the prefabricated wall panel is less than below the upper full height and full-height between the prefabricated wall panel; wherein the full-height and prefabricated wall panel is less than the full height of the upper prefabricated wall panel comprises at least: a or more foam boards; secured to the foam glass or a plurality of foam panels; mesh fabric is secured to the foam glass sheet; mesh fabric secured to the metal wire net; and secured to the wire net external walls.


In the construction of Lancangjiang River Suspension Bridge,a new system for tensioning cable strands over the anchor spans of the Bridge was applied.In this paper,the principles and design of the new tensioning system of equipollent,synchro and multiple jacks,and construction technology of the system applied to the construction of the Bridge are presented.


Purpose: The current study focuses on how emotional expressivity influences the link between prosocial activities and self-esteem in undergraduate students.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study's sample consisted of 528 college students, with ages ranging from 17 to 24 years. Of the participants, 52.8% identified as female and 47.2% identified as male. The participants in the study were provided with Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, a measure of prosocial propensity, and an emotional expressivity scale. Statistical Package for Social Science was used to generate the results.
Findings: The findings reveal the relationship between self-esteem and prosocial behavior, as well as the contribution of emotional expressivity as a modifier in that correlation. It was further explored that people who scored high on self-esteem and emotional expressivity were more likely to engage in prosocial behaviors.
Conclusion: Gaining insight into the underlying factors that contribute to the correlation between self-esteem and prosocial behaviour is crucial to the advancement of strategies aimed at fostering and demonstrating prosocial behaviour.
Research Limitation: One possible limitation of the study is its reliance on self-reported measures, which may be subject to bias regarding social desirability and may not completely capture individuals' actual behaviours. To supplement self-reported data, future studies could use observational or experimental approaches.
Practical Implication: The study's conclusions have consequences for educators, counselors, and policymakers. Understanding the function of emotional expressivity in encouraging prosocial behavior can help guide initiatives aimed at creating a pleasant and supportive atmosphere in educational institutions and communities.
Contribution to Literature: This study improves the existing body of facts by looking into the relationship between self-esteem, emotional expressivity, and prosocial behaviors. It enhances our understanding of the aspects that drive prosocial behavior and emphasizes the status of moderation for emotional expressivity in the context of this connection.


System processes packetized program information containing a program specific information including program and associated content rating data from different broadcast sources. Program specific parameter of a desired program is based on its own source is selected from equivalent parameters from alternative broadcast sources (310, 320, 330). The desired program is processed for display, recording or playback using the selected program specific parameter (337). The selected program specific parameter maps 325, the content rating and the number of the permission for access to the requested program to a different program content rating system can include a content rating that is used for level verification (315, 335) have.


In this study, a one-dimensional mathematical model is developed for a latent heat thermal energy storage system that is designed as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. In order to reveal the validity of the model, comparisons are conducted with a simplified analytical solution. Time-wise variation of interface position and the local temperature distributions are obtained for various heat transfer fluid temperatures and pipe materials. As a result, it is obtained that the performance of the heat storage system considerably reduces by using pipe materials with lower thermal conductivity, such as PE-32


This paper provides an empirical assessment of the impact that technology can have on external competitiveness. Using a production function approach, a model of external competitiveness is formulated and estimated over the period 1990 to 2004 using annual observations on 31 Caribbean, Latin and South American countries. The findings show that technological development and ICT infrastructure are more relevant than ICT diffusion in boosting external competitiveness.


Abstract. Ternstroemia killipiana, a species endemic to Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, was collected by Ellsworth P. Killip in 1926, and described by Clarence E. Kobuski in 1942. Since this date, this taxon it had not been recollected until the new collection reported here. A full description based on recent collection from "Serranía de Las Quinchas" (middle Magdalena river), Boyacá department, which for the first time includes detailed information on calyx and the corolla, an illustration, and an updated key to the 15 species of Ternstroemia reported from Colombia are provided. The presence of T. killipiana, and other endemic plant species, on both slopes of the Cordillera Oriental demonstrates the important role of intensive biological explorations in understudied areas, and also suggests that plant diversity on the middle Magdalena river slopes has not been thoroughly sampled.


For the first time, Gunn effect is shown using a side-contact (SC) technology. Our THz Gunn source is based on 2 $\mu$ m thick gallium nitride (GaN) with stable operation up to 22 V due to better heat sink and side contact technology. A diode current of about 1 A was achieved for high output power.


On-line corrosion monitoring (OLCM) is finding increasing use as an important monitor and control in the chemical and other process industries, from the inception of a new chemical process through operation of the commercial plant. The important OLCM techniques are reviewed. Examples of using OLCM for process control are given. The techniques used in OLCM include the following: electrical resistance (ER); linear polarization resistance (LPR); corrosion potential (E[sub corr]); electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); zero-resistance ammetry (ZRA); and electrochemical noise measurement (ENM).


Overweight and obesity prevalence rates are high in Switzerland, as in most industrialized countries. Keeping children and adolescents slim must therefore be a public health priority. In 2007 Health Promotion Switzerland launched a national prevention program targeting children and adolescents as well as parents, teachers and caregivers that focused on promoting physical activity and healthy nutrition behaviors. Over the years, several hundred local and regional projects were implemented in close collaboration with the cantons: hundreds of thousands of children and adolescents were reached as well as tens of thousands of multipliers in several thousand settings (schools, daycare centers, community centers, families, etc.). The data that were collected over the years showed a slight reduction in the share of overweight and obese children and adolescents and a slight increase in healthy eating behaviors among adolescents. There was no significant change in daily physical activity over the time period studied for any given age, but there was an important drop between childhood and late adolescence. In conclusion, even though the CAPs design does not allow to conclude that the slight behavioral changes observed are directly linked to the program, it is worth noting, in a health policy perspective, that the program allowed the implementation of a multitude of health promoting activities in good coordination between various stakeholders at local, regional and federal levels.


Recently, the work on dense disparity map reconstruction from 5% sparse initial estimates containing edges in disparity, has been proposed [1]. Practically, however, edges in disparity is unknown unless a dense disparity map has already been generated. In this paper, we present a realistic reconstruction framework for obtaining sharp and dense disparity maps from fixed number of sparse initial estimates with the aid of color image information. Experimental results show that sharp and dense disparity maps can be reconstructed at the cost of one pixel accuracy.


Generally speaking,code-switching is a common phenomenon in language contact,both in bilingual and multilingual environment.It refers to circumstances in which a speaker uses two or more than two language varieties.Teacher code-switching,is a quite common occurrence in English classrooms.This study intends to investigate into Uyghur teachers' code-switching in English classrooms.This research concludes that the teachers' code-switching plays a complementary and facilitative part in English classrooms.It is necessary to switch from English to Chinese,English to Uyghur to explain grammar and usage of words,and classroom management.


This chapter compares growth in Europe and the United States in recent decades. Although Europe was, as one would expect, catching up in the 1950s and 1960s, this virtually ceased in the 1970s, and the United States has pulled further ahead in the 1980s and 1990s – and at a particularly remarkable rate in the second half of the last decade. The chapter examines the effects of general factor endowments and their accumulation with special emphasis on the role of information technology. Here the Scandinavian countries share a number of characteristics with the United States rather than the core European countries. The analysis highlights the effects of both industrial and labour market regulations in Europe as well as shortcomings in education and access to the Internet in much of the Continent. This last effect is attributed to inadequate openness of the sector to effective competition.


What was the first book you translated and when was that? The first book I translated was written by James Joyce. It was Dubliners, a collection of his short stories. I did that in the early forties, when I was a young instructor at the Southwest Associated University in Kunming, which was called 'Associated' because it was made up of three universities from the north, Beijing, Qing Hua and Nankai. They had been driven out of their original sites by the Japanese, who were then occupying north China. I was a junior member of the English faculty. One day I got hold of this volume of short stories by Joyce. I was curious. I'd heard so much about his novel Ulysses. I wanted to know what


The transferrin phenotypes of 11 species of Cercopithecinae were determined by electrophoresis of plasma, followed by autoradiography. Sialic acid content of transferrins was determined by electrophoresis and autoradiography of enzymatically treated plasma. Transferrin polymorphisms were found in three species. The transferrins of Cercopithecus spp., except C.patas., contain two sialic acid residues per molecule; transferrin of C.patas contains four sialic acid residues. The transferrins of Cercocebus spp. and Macaca spp. contain two sialic acid residues. The transferrins of Papio spp., except P. sphinx, contain four sialic acid residues per molecule; the transferrins of P. sphinx contain two sialic acid residues. These results and data taken from the literature support the conclusions that transferrins are polymorphic among some cercopithecines and that they are probably inherited as the products of nondominant autosomal alleles.


A digital realisation of two-dimensional self-organising feature maps is presented. The method is based on subspace classification using an n-tuple technique. Weight vector approximation and orthogonal projections to produce a winner-takes-all network are also discussed. Over one million effective binary weights can be applied in 25ms using a conventional microcomputer. Details of a number of image recognition tasks, including character recognition and object centring, are described.


Purpose: to evaluate the accuracy of conventional transcranial radiographs (TRANS) to identify morphological changes in mandibular condyles. Methods: the sample consisted of 36 mandibular condyles, obtained from 18, randomly selected, dried human skulls, without the identification of age, gender, or ethnicity. Three experts in dental radiology examined the TRANS to identify possible changes in the condyles. The fourth examiner performed the macroscopic examination, which was considered the gold standard of the study. The condyles in both TRANS images and macroscopic examinations were classified as mandibular condyles with change (1) or no change (0). Statistical analyses were performed using the X 2 and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kappa intra- and interobserver tests were performed for examiners 1 to 3. Results: the X2 test showed a statistically significant association between changes in the condyle in the TRANS images and the presence of macroscopic changes in the condyle (p ( 0.05). The area under the curve was 0.83, with 96% sensitivity and 70% specificity. The weighted kappa value for intraobserver agreement was 0.78, while the interobserver agreement was 0.71. Conclusion: the use of TRANS proved to be an effective method to detect morphological changes in the mandibular condyle.


Laser treatment of the anterior chamber angle seems to have been first described in 1961 by Zweng and Flocks using a xenonarc light source in cats, dogs, and monkeys [1]. Laser treatment of the human trabecular mesh work by puncturing Schlemm's canal was performed initially by Krasnov [2], but the lower intraocular pressure (IOP) he described was short-lived [2]. Argon laser trabeculotomy in humans and monkeys was reported by Worthen & Wickham [3]. Subsequently, Ticho & Zuberman noted that Argon laser treatment of the angle wassuccessful in lowering IOP despite lack of permanent trabecular openings [4].


This article proposes a mobile quad-arm robot: ARMS that unifies wheel-legged tripedal locomotion, wheeled locomotion, and quad-arm manipulation. The four arms have different mechanics and are designed to be general-purpose arms to enable the hybrid wheel-legged locomotion and manipulation. The three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) front arm has an active wheel, which is used for wheel-legged tripedal walking and wheel driving with passive wheels attached to the torso. The three-DOF rear arms are series elastic arms, which are used for wheel-legged tripedal walking, object grasping, and manipulation. The two-DOF upper arm is used for manipulation only; its position and orientation are determined by coordinating all arms. Each motor is controlled by an angle controller and trajectory modification with angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and torque constraints. ARMS was experimentally validated on the basis of the following six tasks: joint control, wheel-legged walking, wheel driving, wheel driving with grasping, wheel-legged walking on an uneven terrain, and carrying a bag.


In this paper an existence result for initial value problems for first order impulsive neutral functional differential equations with multiple delay is proved under weak conditions.


This study aims to explore matters about procedures followed up at the stages of national case law Tuncer Gunes v Turkey dated September 2013 of ECHR and compare the national and international approaches. We aim to look at the matter before it was carried on to European Court of Human Rights and be analyze the stages of court of appeals and the supporting decisions and the effects on Turkish Laws. Tuncer Gunes lawsuit was decreed upon the request of lawsuit filed by the woman?s demand for using her maiden?s surname and it is the last of many lawsuits ruled by the court. By means of this study, we will on one hand analyze the applicable Turkish law arrangements in this regard and on the other hand, we will analyze the proceedings of European Court of Human Rights on the other hand. We will also have the opportunity to analyze discourses within domestic law regarding the applications for use of a woman?s maiden?s surname including Turkish public, domestic law, non government organizations and similar fields and the discourses brought forward starting from the first applications made. This is because, under the domestic law, the proceedings which started in 1995 were followed by Unal Tekeli vs. Turkey case filed before European Court of Human Rights which was filed, then adjudicated in 2004 and from 1995 until recently, it enabled means to Turkish courts and the public to discuss this matter including different opinions and suggestions of solution. During this process, the stage of involving the legislative packages being submitted before the parliament were on the agenda and different decisions were adopted which were different from the previous decisions. Furthermore the doctrinal matters were also considered and many articles analyzed the subject and from the solutions envisaged by Turkish laws.


Background: Gastric emptying time ½ (GET ½) is considered as the half time taken for chyme to pass into the duodenum. Gastric emptying depends upon numerous factors, both endogenous and exogenous. Nerve and hormones along with volume of meal, pH, particle size, composition and viscosity play part in gastric emptying. Aim of the study was to determine liquid gastric emptying Time ½ in infants and to evaluate impact of positive GER on Gastric Emptying Time. Methods: Total 149 full term babies from 29th day to 1 year of age; underwent Tc-99m labeled with Sulfur colloid GER scintigraphy using age specific formula. Babies with gastro-intestinal anomalies, lactose intolerance and low birth weight babies were excluded. The reference range of GET ½ was estimated from GER negative group and the same was compared with GER positive group. Results: Out of 149 babies 96 (64%) babies were GER positive and 53 (36%) were negative for GER. The liquid GET ½ values generated for 29 th day-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-9 months and 10 months -1year were 62.67 (12.42), 69.84 (13), 63.5 (9.7) and 53.2 (10) minutes respectively. The liquid GET½ was found to be delayed in severe GER positive group. Conclusions: The reference range for liquid GET½ was estimated from GER negative group utilizing the exclusion criteria thereby avoiding radiation exposure to normal controls. With increasing severity of GER there was consequent prolongation of liquid GET½.


In the course of developing a general kinetic model of hydrate formation/reaction that can be used to establish/optimize technologies for the exploitation of hydrate reservoirs, two aspects of CO2 hydrate formation have been studied. (i) We developed a phase field theory for describing the nucleation of CO2 hydrate in aqueous solutions. The accuracy of the model has been demonstrated on the hard-sphere model system, for which all information needed to calculate the height of the nucleation barrier is known accurately. It has been shown that the phase field theory is considerably more accurate than the sharp-interface droplet model of the classical nucleation theory. Starting from realistic estimates for the thermodynamic and interfacial properties, we have shown that under typical conditions of CO2 formation, the size of the critical fluctuations (nuclei) is comparable to the interface thickness, implying that the droplet model should be rather inaccurate. Indeed the phase field theory predicts considerably smaller height for the nucleation barrier than the classical approach. (ii) In order to provide accurate transformation rates to test the kinetic model under development, we applied magnetic resonance imaging to monitor hydrate phase transitions in porous media under realistic conditions. The mechanism of natural gas hydrate conversion to CO2-hydrate implies storage potential for CO2 in natural gas hydrate reservoirs, with the additional benefit of methane production. We present the transformation rates for the relevant processes (hydrate formation, dissociation and recovery).


This report considers the factors afffecting the price of gas, electricity and other fuels in the United Kingdom. During the summer and autumn of 2004, there were rapid and substantial increases in retail gas pricesfor both domestic, industrial and commercial customers, with increases in electricity prices as about 40% of electricity generation is from gas. An enquiry into the price increases for all types of energy customers was conducted to determine if the rise is a temporary one related to short-term supply problems or a long-term phenomenon. Written evidence was taken from over 80 sources. Increased infrastructure for the import of gas into the UK should be built over the next two years. The report by Ofgem, the regulator of the gas and electicity markets, is discussed. Some of the price increase is attributable to 'market sentiment' rather than directly to supply and demand. The effects of recent price increases, competition in the wholesale gas market, other factors affecting wholesale gas prices, the role of Ofgem, the electricity market, the future of gas prices, and conclusions and recommendations are given. It is noted that to some extent oil and gas prices are linked where these are extracted from the same source. Failures in the gas supply market are discussed and price increases over the next two years are anticipated.


Amenorrhea, whether primary or secondary, is still a major therapeutic problem. With rare exceptions organotherapy has failed to elicit permanently good results. At best, bleeding is induced upon withdrawal of the experimentally administered hormone without, however, sustained cyclic menstruation thereafter. The ideal treatment has not been attained, because the etiology of amenorrhea remains unknown. Recently Pencharz1 reported maximum stimulation of the immature rat ovary with chorionic gonadotropin combined with diethylstilbestrol. The stimulation exceeded that of any other experimental hormonal stimulus. This combination of hormones was, therefore, given to 12 amenorrheic women in the hope that such therapy might effect more permanent results than were attained with cyclically administered sterols or with equine gonadotropins. The latter hormones had previously yielded very indifferent results in this clinic. Of the 12 patients, 4 complained of primary and 8 of secondary amenorrhea; only 8 were treate...


This paper proposes an improved Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) method based on probability of measurement model.It is target at the effective coverage of the network to carry out coverage control.The sensor coverage radius and discrete grid points of the coverage performance are analyzed.The effective coverage of improved PSO method reached 88.22% by simulating,and it indicates that the method is effective.


The aim of this work is to understand the influence of type of (short) carbon fibers, processing conditions and fiber incorporation level on the rheological behavior of carbon fiber/polypropylene (PP) composites. For this purpose, two types of fibers (sub-micron Vapor Grown Carbon Fibers, VGCF, and ex-PAN, PAN), three different extruder screw geometries and three different fiber incorporation contents were studied. The rheological characterization was performed by means of capillary and rotational rheometry, results being presented and discussed in terms of reinforcing capability in both shear (steady and oscillatory) and extensional flows. The results show that VGCF have a generally higher influence on the rheological behavior of the composites than the PAN fibers. However, because of their higher intrinsic rigidity, PAN fibers give rise to composites with better mechanical properties than the VGCF ones. It is also shown that the influence of the screw geometry on fiber damage and, consequently, on the behavior of the composites, is weak, fiber degradation occurring mainly in the compounding stage. The incorporation level has the expected influence, i.e., it produces gradual changes in all the properties considered in this study.


We propose the use of computerized process tracing (CPT) tools as an appropriate approach for monitoring the information acquisition and evaluation phase of specific decision processes. CPT tools are unobtrusive and seem particularly relevant for evaluating certain decision tasks that may be supported by decision support systems (DSS). CPT tools can be an important component of DSS development. An information systems research taxonomy developed by previous researchers [29] [36] is used to position research work involving the methodology of CPT. Using a critique suggested by Libby [28], CPT tools are evaluated and compared to alternative process tracing tools. A brief empirical example using CPT is provided, and future uses relative to DSS are suggested. The appendix includes an example of a specific CPT tool.


The system 1 H 8 -(methyl methacrylate)- 2 H 8 -(methyl methacrylate) behaves quite normally with respect to propagation reactions in copolymerization. As a consequence, the unexpected dependence of the (overall) rate of polymerization on feed composition has to be attributed to some outstanding behaviour of chain termination in this system


This article discusses the evolution, current criteria, expanded/expanding indications, and potential future indications for cochlear implants. Some of these areas of expansion include earlier impl...


: To compute and test the significance of the Spearman rank correlation coe ffi cient, the di ff erences between ranks are used, and the Spearman correlation coe ffi cient is used as a test statistic. This study has introduced an e ffi cient rank correlation formula like the method earlier derived by Spearman. The formula is based on a new statistic that depends on the sum of the ranks rather than their di ff erence, as in Spearman's formula. The formula was derived and tested with real data. Hence, if there are no ties in the data, the result shows that the formula gives the same result as Spearman's formula. The formula is simple to use and does not include a negative sign during calculation. we clarify the relationship between the new test statistic and the Spearman rank correlation coe ffi cient and establish the exact distribution of the new test statistic using the exact distribution of the Spearman rank correlation coe ffi cient. When there are no ties, it is advised to follow this formula.


SITI SURYANI. Perception of Body Shape, Nutritional Status and Its Correlation with Disease Complaints. Supervised by HARDINSYAH. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the perception of body shape and nutritional status and its association with disease complaints score. This study used a crossectional study design. Subjects in this study were 90 adult males and females aged 30-50 years of IPB administration staff. The disease complaints score were developed based on severity and impact of disease complaints. The results of the statistic test showed a significant correlation between the perception of body shape and nutritional status (BMI) and disease complaints score (p<0.05)


Constipation is a common digestive complaint in the elderly people. It has a significant effect on their daily living and well-being. Lifestyle modification is the first step for effectively manage it. So, the elderly people should maintain a healthy lifestyle to reduce constipation. The aim of the study was to identify the causes of constipation and to evaluate the effect of lifestyle modifications on reducing constipation among the elderly people. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Subjects: A total of 120 elderly persons were recruited from two villages in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Four tools were used for data collection. Results: the mean age of the sample was 65.8 ± 6.9 years old. Causes for constipation included ignoring the urge of defecation (70.0%), irregular bowel habits (66.7%), inactivity (63.3%), presence of chronic disease (60.0%), colon problem (50.0%), insomnia (53.3%), stress (53.3%), nervousness (43.3%), drugs and indigestion (40.0%). Lifestyle modifications that help to reduce constipation were increasing of more vegetables in the diet, eating bran bread, drinking more than eight glasses of water daily, reducing caffeine intake, eating the meals at a regular time, and eating the breakfast meal and physical activity. There was a statistically significant reduction of constipation associated symptoms from pre to posttest. The participants (63.3%) changed their habits and maintain a regular toilet routine. Conclusion: Healthy lifestyle is recommended. It can reduce constipation associated symptoms. The elderly people who changed their lifestyle had normal bowel elimination per week (2.6±0.8). Recommendations: Changes in lifestyle such as increasing the daily intake of vegetables, fruits, and water are very important to reduce constipation. Also, the community health nurse should educate the elderly people to schedule their bowel elimination at the same time every day and avoid ignoring the urge.


This paper introduces several common modes of he Management of CD attached with books in university library, analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and probes into the application of CD attached with books in cloud storage technology.


Objective To observe the clinical effects of repairing the perforation of floor of pulp chamber with MTA and light-cured glass ionomer cement.Method For 86 teeth of perforating of floor of pulp chamber from 79 cases were grouped randomly into two groups.Experimental group was treated with MTA,the other was treated with light cured glass ionomer cement as control.The effect was obtained 1 year after operation.Results Successful rate in experimental group was 83.7% and the advancement rate was 14.0%,which was significantly different from control group(successful rate was 62.8%,advancement rate was 23.2%,P0.05).The clinical effect was closely related with the diameter of perforation,and no obvious relationship with cause of perforation.Conclusion MTA is a good material to repair performation of floor of pulp chamber.


Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile nodes associated by wireless channel. The nodes are free to move arbitrarily anywhere in the network. Hence, lack of fixed infrastructure and host flexibility, providing secure communications is a big challenge. Because a temporary device recurrently joins or leaves a network, the authentication and security techniques should be equipped for the unorganised users. In cryptography it is ineffective if its key management is fragile. Key management is one of the vital aspects for security. Thus, the network's wireless topology may be disorganised and may adjust rapidly, the efficient-route is recognised using Multi-path AODV Routing-Protocol. The ID based SKMS (Secret Key Management Scheme) method is implemented in secured environment by using Rivest-Shamir Adleman (RSA) method and the Node ID based Secure Key Management Scheme (SKMS) mechanism for securing data packets from source to destination. The ID based is used to share secret key of an individual users. A multi-cast (AODV) group receiver or groupsource-key pair is conserved and recognised by an ID. Each clustering group has its own exclusive identity number. "ID based Multicast SKMS using RSA" method increase in packet delivery ratio (6%) along with the decrease in drop (5%), delay (8%), and energy consumption (6%) in secured ad-hoc environment.


Denoising is widely used in THz signal processing. In recent years, there have been many papers about applying wavelet-based denoising techniques to achieve clean THz signal. Traditionally, denoising by shrinkage on orthogonal, decimated wavelet transforms satisfies most THz applications with dramatic improvements in SNR for TDS pulses. In this paper, we apply the shrinkage technique to non-orthogonal, redundant THz signal representations to TDS pulses and it is shown that this scheme is capable of even an even greater SNR gains.


A raft foundation transfers load directly on subsoil. The concept of piled raft foundation combines the pile, raft and subsoil as load bearing elements and composite structure. In this foundation the piles usually are not required to ensure the overall stability of the foundation but to reduce the magnitude of settlements, differential settlements and the resulting tilting of the building and guarantee the satisfactory performance of the foundation system. The bearing behaviour of a piled raft foundation is characterized by complex soil-structure interactions (Katzenbach et al. 1998). The modelling of these interactions requires a reliable and powerful analysis tool, such as the Finite Element Method in combination with a realistic constitutive law. Different researches have been realized investigations about the numerical modelling of piled rafts with FE analysis and different constitutive models. The present research combines the 3D modelling with a modern and realistic constitutive model. An increasing number of structures, especially tall buildings are founded on piled rafts (O'Neil et al. 1996; Katzenbach et al. 2000, Poulos 2001). For this reason, it is important to develop a methodology to study the bearing behaviour of piled rafts. In this paper author had tried to study the effect of subsoil on the dynamic behaviour of 25 storeys building with pied raft foundation during low to medium intensity earthquake. The results are generated for different height of the structure in the terms of displacement and acceleration response.


Aims:  To investigate microbial diversity of swine manure composts in the initial stage and the spatial distribution due to gradient effect.


Aim: Recently, a relationship between platelets and cancer metastasis has been reported. The aim of this study is to elucidate the risk factors for extra-hepatic metastasis (EHM), with emphasis on association with platelets in patients, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We examined risk factors for EHM in 1613 consecutive, newly diagnosed HCC patients by logistic regression analysis (case-control study). We also examined the factors by Cox proportional hazard model in a retrospective cohort fashion in 803 patients who received non-curative treatment for HCC. Results: In the case-control study, multivariate analysis revealed that high platelet counts [odds ratio (OR)=4.84; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.29-29.54; p=0.01], high tumor number, and the presence of macroscopic vascular invasion were significantly associated with EHM. In the cohort study, EHM was diagnosed in 71 patients during the study period (mean observation time=23.3 months). On multivariate analysis, high tumor number, high des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and Child-Pugh class A were significantly correlated with EHM, and the patients with high platelet counts tended to develop EHM (OR=1.73; 95% CI=0.99 -3.14; p=0.055). Conclusions: HCC patients with high platelet counts, as well as large numbers of tumors, high serum DCP, and Child-Pugh class A, are at risk for EHM.


The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for exercise prescription, weight control and standard amount of body fat among Korean women with age 19 or above. For the purpose, we analysed the body composition of 430 female aged between 19 and 65 who live in Seoul metropolitan area and carry out normal daily life. For the measurement, we used $quot;Inbody 2.0$quot; made by Biospace Corporation(Seoul, Korea) which uses BIA as its measurement mechanism. In statistical analyses, we used SAS and calculated mean, maximum, minimum and standard deviation of the body composition variables for each age group. The significance of the difference between each age groups was tested via General Linear Models Procedure and a follow-up test using T tests(LSD)for each variables was added to this procedure. In both tests, a significance level of 5%(confidence level 95%) was adopted. The body composition variables used in this study consis of weight(kg), body fat mass(kg), muscle mass(kg), percent body fat(%), fat distribution and BMI. The body composition variables were used to assess the nutritive condition(protein, fat, mineral) and the upper - lower balance & right left balance. The analysis of body composition revealed that women in their 50s or older contained relatively high percentage of body fat and especially showed greater fat component in their abdomen. However, most women in their 20s turned out to be underweight in both fat, lean body mass and muscle mass. On the other hand. 27.9 percent of the subject were overweight. Noteworthy is the fact that 20.0 percent of the subject showed to have absolutely excessive amount of fat whereas much higher 50.5 percent have excessive ratio of $quot;fat/body weight$quot;. This indicates that lo body fat is a better scale to measure obesity. Without any change in body weight, the obesity may vary according to the proportion of body fat. Unless people do not exercise, they may lose their muscle with ageing(Foster Burns., S. Boyd(1999)., Travis, Shirley., All, Anita. C., Bernard, Marie(1999)). Therefore, those who do not exercise but are able to maintain their weight need to check their body composition to prevent obesity. The muscle component seems to vary with age. The under-muscle type who has less muscle compared to their body weight could be found mainly among the female in their 20s. Among the subject in their 30s, many turned out to be proportionate overweight, which implies that they have excessive amount of fat and may run into a health problem. Among the subject in their 20s frequently found is the under-muscle type and, furthermore, the under-muscle cases are rather evenly divided among underweight, normal weight and overweight. Also, among the proportionate type, the frequency of underweight were roughly similar to that of overweight. All these imply that we ought to throughly examine the reason of the complex phenomena so that we can properly teach the female on health, exercise and life style and prescribe exact fitness therapy for them(Girandola, R. N.,1976). The nutritious condition of the subject revealed that the female in their 20s has excessive fat in the body but lacks protein, which seems to have stemmed from a wrong diet. More importantly, we can find the deficiency in inorganic substance among the subject in their 50s or older. From this, the possibility of osteoporosis might be inferred. Out of the subject in their 20s, both lower limb infirmity and upper limb infirmity could be found and, in addition, unbalanced development between left and right side of the body was discovered. For these people, we need to identify the reason of infirmity or imbalance so that we can prescribe right fitness therapy. The finding of the study rings the alarm to the health of the female in their 20s. We need to throughly examine the factors that affect their health.


Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is a tropical tree crop cultivated for the industrial production of latex. The trees are tall, perennial and long-lived, and are typically grown in plantations. In most rubber-producing countries, smallholders account for more than 85% of plantation area. Traditional practices mean that it can be difficult to monitor rubber plantations for management purposes. To overcome issues associated with monitoring traditional practices, remote sensing approaches have been successfully applied in this field. However, information on this is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to document the current status, history, development and prospects for remote sensing applications in rubber plantations by using the PRISMA framework. The review focuses on the application of optical remote sensing data in rubber. In this paper, we discuss the current role of remote sensing on specific subject areas, namely mapping, change detection, stand age estimation, carbon and biomass assessment, leaf area index (LAI) prediction and disease detection. In addition, we elaborate on the benefits gained and challenges faced while adapting this technology. These include the availability and free access to satellite imagery as the greatest benefit and the presence of clouds as one of the toughest challenges. Finally, we highlighted four potential areas where future work can be done: (1) Advancements in remote sensing data, (2) algorithm enhancements, (3) emerging processing platforms, and (4) application to less studied subject areas. This paper gives insight into strengthening the potential of remote sensing for delivering efficient and long-term services for rubber plantations.


In this chapter, we consider early visual perception and its development. We begin by reviewing theories of perceptual development, tracing the influences of historically important concepts that frame contemporary scientific efforts. We consider evidence about basic visual sensitivities that support perceptual knowledge in infancy, including visual acuity and sensitivity to contrast, orientation, pattern, color, and motion. From these foundations, we assess initial capabilities and developmental trends in several important domains: visual perception of space and depth, objects, and faces. In a concluding section, we argue that there is a consistent overall picture emerging from research: Visual perception depends heavily on inborn and early maturing mechanisms, although evidence also suggests roles for learning, especially in calibration and tuning. Besides surveying research on early visual abilities, we use it to illustrate several general themes in perceptual development: the multiple levels of explanation required to understand perception; the interactions of hardwired abilities, maturation, and learning; and the methods that allow assessment of early perception. These themes all have broad relevance for research in cognitive and social development.

Keywords:

color vision;
face perception;
infant perception;
object perception;
perceptual development;
space perception;
theories of perception;
visual development


PURPOSE:To obtain the title compsn. excellent in workability and initial pressure resistance and useful for a liq. gasket by compounding a polysiloxane, a polyorganosiloxane, an organosilane, a photopolymn. catalyst, and a condensation catalyst. CONSTITUTION:5-50wt.% polysiloxane having at least one group selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic, glycidyl, propenyloxysilyl, and thiol groups at the molecular end is compounded with, a polyorganoisloxane having silanol groups at the both molecular ends, an organosilane of the formula (wherein R is alkyl or aryl; X is a hydrolyzable group such as acyloxy, ketoxime, amino, amido, or alkenyl; and a is 0 or 1) having at least one hydrolyzable group at the molecular end, a photopolymn. catalyst, and a condensation catalyst to give the title compsn., which is ultraviolet- and moisturecurable.


Milkfish ( Chanos chanos ) is one of the most important brackishwater finfish species being cultured in Southeast Asia. Natural milkfish fry occur along the southeast coast of India in fairly large numbers during the months of March-June and October-November. Present study emphasizes the seasonal variation and distribution of milkfish along the southeast coast of India. Milkfish culture has to be economically competitive compared to shrimp and other fish culture which do not contribute to local food supply. Annual total production from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Taiwan has been exceeding 0.5million tons since 2009. The industry has relied on wild-caught milkfish fry, which is unpredictable, until hatchery fry became available in 1987. This paper compares the collection of wild seed near mandapam area as well as production costs in cage. Milkfish eggs (1.1-1.2 mm in diameter) and larvae (3.5 mm at hatching) are pelagic and stay in the plankton for up to 2-3 weeks. This would be a good source of income to coastal fisherfolk in Mandapam.


Two automatic program-apparatus complexes including Ritm-MET and Egoscop were used to assess the psychophysiological and cognitive characteristics of different worker groups of in various professional activities, including a group of soldiers working under extra-hard and dangerous conditions. The results of the study indicated that these complexes provide opportunities for safely, quickly, simply, effectively, objectively evaluating psychophysiological characteristics. The obtained data have a high level of information and predictability. The two devices can be supported to traditional health assessment methods.


From the view of cultural analysis,liberalism can be regarded as a set of "grammar of culture",a special way of dealing with the basic issues of civilization.Due to liberalism,the concept of self develops into that of economic and political ones,the country is considered the contract of property protection and the notion of freedom develops into the notion that private territory can't be invaded while political criticism and suggestion develops into freedom of speech.


The processes of machining have vital influence on the operating properties of machine parts because they ensure the formation of the required geometrical structure of the working surfaces and the condition of the top layer. In this paper the influence of emulsion mist parameters on Ra, Rz and RSm surface roughness parameters is described when finishing the turning of C45 carbon steel. It was found that cutting parameters have considerably greater influence on roughness parameters in comparison with emulsion mist conditions. When increasing cutting speed from 100 to 300 m/min Ra and Rz values decrease nearly 2 times, but RSm value does not depend on speed. When increasing feed rate from 0.1 to 0.2 mm/rev Ra, Rz and RSm values increase more than twice. Changes of emulsion mass flow and compressed air flow affect roughness parameters reach 9–15% of maximum. It was shown that Parameter Space Investigation method can be used efficiently for quick analysis of tested parameters and optimization of their values.

http://www.astrj.com/pdf-62773-4532?filename=THE INFLUENCE OF THE.pdf


Imunofan-therapy and polyoxidonium-therapy has been included in complex treatment of children with stomach ulcer of duodenum. It is resulted to normalize of parameters of immunity, and faster clinical remission of disease.


Aiming at the problem that the current optimization algorithm is prone to slow convergence or local optimization when solving the problem of sidelobe level suppression, an algorithm combining improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm with K-means clustering algorithm is applied for array antenna pattern synthesis. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the convergence speed and balances the global and local search ability in suppressing the sidelobe level and nulling control of the linear array antenna pattern. Compared with similar algorithms, it has faster convergence speed and higher solution accuracy.


Wind turbines often operate under misty or rainy conditions. There is a considerable body of experimental evidence on the adverse effects of rain on wind turbine power production. Physical understanding of these effects, guided by quantitative modeling, is necessary to fully understand the effects of rain power production. This work presents an application of a two-way coupled computational fluid dynamics approach to the modeling of the effects of rain on airfoil and rotor performance. The aerodynamics is modeled by solving the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a suitable turbulence model. The droplet transport is modeled using an Eulerian approach that allows droplets of different diameters to be treated as individual/independent species, although all the studies presented here were for specified droplet sizes. The external flow exerts a drag force on the water droplets, and a reaction force is exerted by the droplets on the airflow.
 2-D viscous flow simulations are presented for a representative wind turbine airfoil for several angles of attack under wet and dry conditions. Regression fits of these drag polars have been used in a combined blade element-momentum analysis for the NREL Phase VI rotor. The calculations indicate a loss of 30% to 40% in power production, attributable to rain, over a range of wind speeds.


Objectives To determine the prevalence of stunting and thinness and associated factors among adolescents attending public schools in Lideta subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2021. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Public schools in Lideta subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Eligibility Adolescents from grades 5–12 in public schools and students whose parents gave consent for participation. Data analysis Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between the independent variables and stunting and thinness. Using a 95% CI and adjusted OR (AOR), factors with a p value of less than 0.05 were determined to have a significant association. Outcome measures The prevalence of stunting and thinness, as well as the factors associated with stunting and thinness, were secondary outcomes. Results The overall prevalence of stunting and thinness was 7.2% (95% CI: 5.3% to 9.3%) and 9% (95% CI: 6.8% to 11.4%), respectively. Stunting was associated with a larger family size (AOR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.58 to 8.94), low dietary diversity (AOR=2.87; 95% CI: 1.44 to 5.74), food insecurity (AOR=2.81; 95% CI: 1.38 to 5.71) and a lower wealth index (AOR=3.34; 95% CI: 1.51 to 7.41). On the other hand, thinness was associated with maternal education in those who were unable to read and write (AOR=2.5; 95% CI: 1.97 to 8.11), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR=4.81; 95% CI: 2.55 to 9.07) and larger family size (AOR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.14 to 5.29). Conclusion Adolescent stunting and thinness were common in Addis Ababa's public schools. Family size, dietary diversity and food security were the main factors associated with both thinness and stunting. Therefore, to solve the problem of adolescent stunting and thinness, the administration of Addis Ababa city should prioritise minimising food insecurity while boosting productivity to enhance adolescent nutritional diversity. Moreover, nutritional education should be strengthened by healthcare providers working at public schools as well as health extension workers.


Collisions represent one of the most important processes through which cold pools—essential boundary layer features of precipitating systems—help to organize convection. For example, by colliding with one another, expanding cold pools can trigger new convective cells, a process that has been argued to be important to explain the deepening of convection and the maintenance of mesoscale convective systems for many hours. In spite of their role, collisions are an understudied process, and many aspects remain to be fully clarified. In order to quantify the importance of collisions on the life cycle of cold pools, we will present some results based on a combination of numerical simulations in radiative-convective equilibrium and a Lagrangian cold pool tracking algorithm. First, we will discuss how the Lagrangian algorithm can be used to estimate that the median time of the first collision for the simulated cold pools is under 10 minutes. We will then show that cold pools are significantly deformed by collisions and lose their circular shape already at the very early stages of their life cycle. Finally, we will present results suggesting that cold pools appear to be clustered, and we will provide some estimates of the associated temporal and spatial scales.


With the PET industry developing at top speed in China,the PET raw material industry also develops at top speed.The competition is becoming keener day by day in PET fiber industry.By analysis the PET and its fiber future development tendency in China,the PET and its fiber development advices of Liaoyang Petrochemical Co. were put forwards.


In Cantos XXIX and XXX of his Purgatorio, Dante-poet sets up and then presents what has generally been considered to be the "climax" of his Divina commedia: Dante-pilgrim's long-awaited reunion with Beatrice. Ofcourse the entire poem, from Canto I of the Inferno, has been in a sense a "set-up" leading to this moment, but in these cantos Dante, like any good showman, steps up and concentrates the sense of anticipation and of revelation, pushing them to the highest levels seen thus far in the poem. Canto XXIX presents us with a pageant, a processionai "masque," to use Dorothy Sayers' characterization (303), a sort of heavenly medieval sacra rappresentazione; yet this functions as a prologue, a ritual preparation or"warm up act" to the "main event" of Dante's meeting with Beatrice in Canto XXX, rather like the lavish ritualized processionai that precedes a bullfight. Fascinating as this procession is, with its neh visual symbolism and complex allegorical elements, I have chosen in this essay to focus on the first part of Canto XXX, the actual entrance of Beatrice, and Dante's initial contact with her: it is the moment in the poem when Dante's personal drama is suddenly and


Height assignment is considered to be one of the main error sources for Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) and better understanding the associated error has been a long standing area of research undertaken by both the data providers and users. AMVs have been traditionally treated with a single layer observation operator in assimilation and the height estimated at the cloud top (or sometimes cloud base for low level clouds). Recent work at ECMWF and the Met Office highlighted potential issues with the height assignment in the low level winds over the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean. In these regions, the change in wind speed with height for the AMVs is much smaller than the equivalent profile in the model. Data from Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) stereoscopic winds and limited profiles from radiosondes in the Indian Ocean suggest that the AMVs are too fast in the range of 850700hPa. This may be due to some AMVs being assigned pressures that are too low. However, positive speed biases, but of smaller magnitude, in MISR compared to Met Office model data intimate that some speeding up of the model winds may be beneficial. The work in the Indian Ocean inspired more detailed analysis of errors in the height assignment of which the initial focus has been on the low level AMVs. AMVs have been collocated with model estimates of boundary layer height and cloud parameters to investigate connections with the assigned heights. A significant number of AMVs have been found to be at very high pressures and much lower than the model boundary layer top at levels where clouds are not expected. In the tropics, there is contrast of positive speed bias above the boundary layer and negative speed bias for AMVs within the boundary layer suggesting that there is a detrimental impact of the AMVs being too low or high relative to the boundary layer top. Preliminary results from profiles of model variables such as cloud cover fraction, temperature and humidity show that it may be possible to develop a systematic correction to the height in the future.


With her Re Enchanted: The Rise of Children's Fantasy Literature in the Twentieth Century, Maria Sachiko Cecire joins Robin Bernstein and Ebony Elizabeth Thomas among the foremost scholars demystifying the racial and colonial projects of children's literature and culture. To our modern critical lexicon of racial innocence (Bernstein) and the dark fantastic (Thomas), we must now add Cecire's affective authenticity, the "sensation of something being emotionally true, even if it is not empirically true" (162), which, she persuasively demonstrates, is the cultural work of enchantment in everyday life. Building on archival research of Oxbridge curricula and contemporary debates surrounding modernism and the literary, Re Enchanted reveals how magic mystifies ideologies, embedding antimodernist, nationalist, colonialist ideas in children's fantasy, concealing them beneath an invisibility cloak of (white) childhood innocence. It's an essential book for anyone who wants to unlearn the hidden assumptions of our own childhood reading and find better stories for the next generation.


Transient heat transfer during the forced-air precooling of cylindrically shaped grapes in a batch of 5 kg was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Experiments were conducted to measure center temperatures of the cylindrical grapes in air at 4C, and flow velocities of 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2 m/s. From the experimental temperature data, the dimensionless measured heat transfer rates were determined. Considering both convection and radiation, the dimensionless theoretical heat transfer rates were predicted. Good agreement was shown to exist between the predicted and experimental results. Therefore, the simple and accurate method of this study is applicable to the estimation of heat transfer rates.


PURPOSE: A cosmetic composition containing Salicornia herbacea callus extract and Laminaria digitata extract is provided to improve anti-wrinkliing and skin elasticity. CONSTITUTION: A cosmetic composition for treating skin wrinkle contains Salicornia herbacea callus extract and Laminaria digitata extract as active ingredients. A cosmetic composition for enhancing skin elasticity contains Salicornia herbacea callus extract and Laminaria digitata extract as active ingredients. Each extract is contained in 0.01-20 weight% based on total weight of cosmetic composition. The cosmetic composition is used in the form of skin softener, skin toner, astringent, lotion, milk lotion, moisture lotion, massage lotion, hand cream, shampoo, cleansing cream, body lotion, emulsion, pressed powder, loose powder or eye shadow.


Features of incipient faults are tiny in high-speed trains' electrical drive systems. Noises and disturbances in the external environment and sensors can mask incipient faults. Therefore, fault detection (FD) of incipient faults is a challenge. This paper proposes a new FD scheme using a novel manifold learning method named local linear generalized autoencoder (LLGAE). The prominent characteristics of the LLGAE-based FD method are three-fold: 1) it can realize FD for electric drive systems even without the physical model or expertise; 2) it still has good results for non-Gaussian electrical drives; 3) it entirely takes into account the locally linear structure of samples. Mathematical derivations have proved the proposed method. Through an experimental platform of high-speed trains, the proposed method is validated.


DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, the bacterial type II DNA topoisomerases, are known to be the targets of fluoroquinolones. The l1uoroquinolones have rapid bactericidal action derived from their dual actions to inhibit the catalytic activity of the essential enzymes and to form a stable enzyme-DNA cleavable complex. These actions lead to a quick arrest of DNA replication, inhibition of DNA segregation and induction of irreversible DNA damage. These inhibitors have a relatively simple chemical structure, but are extremely potent with antibacterial activity reaching to a few nanograms per milliliter. The high potency and specificity of the inhibitor are believed to be achieved, using DNA gyrase as a model, by their unique capability to bind cooperatively to a
partially denatured DNA pocket created by the target enzyme during the strand breaking-passing steps of the catalysis. The future of the clinical use of quinolones is shadowed by the recent development of resistance which primarily results from mutations in the structural genes of the target enzymes. Therefore, one of the current efforts in this area of research is to develop means to overcome the drug resistance. Using a filter-binding assay, we found that ABT-719, a recently discovered compound in the new 2-pyridone family, has unique activity toward resistant E. coli DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Differe11tial activity analysis also demonstrate that the 2-pyridone is more potent against DNA gyrase than topoisomerase IV in terms of their DNA breakage activity in vitro. This is consistent with the genetic analysis results obtained with E. coli that the primary target of these drugs is DNA gyrase but not topoisomerase IV. Using the 'conformation switch model', we hypothesize that this class of compound may have unique capability to fit the mutated binding site which consists of both DNA and the enzyme.


To strengthen the evaluation system of translation teaching in higher vocational colleges is not only an important aspect of translation teaching reform,but also the basic work to meet the domestic and international market demand for translators or interpreters.It should make the functions such as"management","teaching"and"learning"optimized fully.Meanwhile,it should lay stress on the features of translation teaching such as vividness,systematicness, ideological content and operational content,and also focus on combining summative evaluation with formative evaluation in order to promote translation teaching to a new level.


This paper introduces the subnet generation problem (SGP) which is a new type of network routing problem that is found, for example, in some peer-to-peer applications. We explore two algorithms to solve the SGP by exploiting its special structure. The first algorithm, the tree search algorithm (TS), is an adaptation of an existing algorithm. TS decomposes the SGP into a master problem solved by a systematic tree search, and a subproblem solved by incomplete but efficient heuristics. Our question is what happens if we sacrifice the complete search in the master problem in exchange for better exploration of the search space. In order to answer this, we present a second algorithm, the local search algorithm (LS), which replaces the tree search with non-systematic search in the master problem. The two algorithms are compared in an experimental study.


Asthma is a major contributor to impaired quality of life in the U.S. population. Little is known about population‐based determinants of quality of life among people with asthma, however. Using data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined the associations between selected sociodemographic, behavioral, and other determinants and quality of life among 12,111 participants with current asthma. In multiple logistical regression models, three variables—employment status, smoking status, and physical activity—were significantly associated with all measures of impaired quality of life (poor or fair health, ≥ 14 physically unhealthy days, ≥ 14 mentally unhealthy days, ≥ 14 activity limitation days, or ≥ 14 physically or mentally unhealthy days). Education was significantly and inversely related to impaired quality of life for all measures except activity limitation days. Men were less likely than women to report having ≥ 14 physically unhealthy days, ≥ 14 mentally unhealthy days, or ≥ 14 physically or mentally unhealthy days. Compared with whites, Hispanics were more likely to report being in poor or fair health, and African Americans were less likely to report having ≥ 14 physically unhealthy days or ≥ 14 physically or mentally unhealthy days. In addition, participants with lower incomes were more likely to report impaired quality of life for three measures (general health status, ≥ 14 physically unhealthy days, and activity limitation days). The heaviest participants were more likely to be in poor or fair health or to report having more ≥ 14 physically unhealthy days, or ≥ 14 physically or mentally unhealthy days. Insurance coverage and the time since their last routine checkup were not significantly associated with any of the quality‐of‐life measures. These results show that three potentially modifiable factors (smoking status, physical activity, body mass index) are associated with quality of life among persons with asthma. Furthermore, among people with asthma, the elderly, women, poorly educated, and low‐income participants are especially likely to experience impaired quality of life.


We propose a new hypothesis for the origin of non-solar hadronic cosmic rays (CRs) at all energies: Highly relativistic, narrowly collimated jets from the birth or collapse of neutron stars (NSs) in our Galaxy accelerate ambient disk and halo matter to CR energies and disperse it in ``hot spots'' which they form when they stop in the Galactic halo. Such events - ``Galactic Gamma-Ray Bursters'' (GGRBs) - are proposed to cause cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in other galaxies when their beamed radiation happens to point in our direction. Our hypothesis naturally explains some observations which are difficult to understand with the currently popular ideas about CR origin - e.g. the small Galacto-centric gradient of the cosmic-ray density and the absence of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff. Our idea stands or falls with the existence of the ``hot spots'' (``GGRB remnants'') in the Galactic halo. We discuss their expected observational signatures and find that they could appear as EGRET unidentified high-latitude sources.


Objective To establish an analytical method of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) in blood by GC/MS.Methods NaCl(1g),water(3mL~5mL) and HCl(1mL) were mixed with blood sample(3mL~5mL) in head space bottle and analyzed by GC/MS.Results H2S in blood sample was detected and reference retention time was 3.6minutes.Conclusion This method can be used in casework.


Noncoherent two-way relay (TWR) systems with physical-layer network coding (PNC) usually operate with differential or orthogonal modulation. In either case, due to channel-induced memory, the optimal receiver at both the relay and source nodes takes the form of a sequence detector. Such a receiver has exponential (in the sequence length) complexity, when implemented through an exhaustive search among all possible sequences. Hence, many works in the literature consider single-symbol or short-block noncoherent PNC. In this work, we consider transmission of frequency-shift keying (FSK) signals in a TWR system and present an algorithm that performs generalized-likelihood-ratio-test (GLRT) optimal noncoherent PNC with polynomial (in the sequence length) complexity. Although presented in the context of FSK, our developments hold for other orthogonal modulation techniques as well. As a low-cost alternative, we also present a quadratic-complexity suboptimal detector that attains near-optimal performance. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed GLRT-optimal and suboptimal noncoherent PNC attains near-coherent-PNC performance with affordable complexity when the sequence length is on the order of 64, offering a 2-4dB gain over conventional noncoherent PNC approaches that can handle only short values of the sequence length.


In the epitaxial barium zirconate (BaZrO3) thin films deposited on NdGaO3 substrates through pulsed laser deposition, the large lattice mismatch between film and substrate can be accommodated by ge...


In the light of engineering example,the paper makes an approach to problems of hang in the air of pedestal of cast in place continuous box beam.the paper particalarly analyzes of occurring problems and presents strengthening schemes.


Forming intimate relationships is a fundamental human motive. Emotions play a critical role in intimate relationships—they are central to the development and maintenance of these bonds, and these very bonds can influence both individual and interpersonal emotional dynamics across time. Investigating emotional dynamics in an interpersonal context provides unique insight into the functioning of intimate relationships and, at the same time, provides a window into the interdependence of partners' daily experiences. Reviewing a selection of the literature involving emotional dynamics in intimate relationships, we explore how intimate relationships shape partner's emotional experiences and the implications this may have for their relationship across time.


The paper selects manufacturing companies which are the representatives of real economy and frequently involved in MA events as the research samples,and based on the relevant data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in 2010,the impact of management equity incentives on the long-term performance of MA is investigated by employing event study method and BHAR variable. The results show that there is an "inverted U-shape"relationship between equity incentives and long-term performance of MA. Furthermore,when the shareholding ratio of management level is less than 8. 11%,equity incentives play a positive role in the long-term performance MA,and when the ratio exceeds 8. 11%,equity incentives play a negative role in the long-term performance of MA. Therefore,appropriate equity incentive is helpful for the long-term performance of MA,but the equity incentive level of manufacturing industry should be controlled in a reasonable range.


Abstract : Models of geophysically important properties of the Earth, such as seismic velocity, Q and density, can become large and complex when those properties vary in three dimensions within the model. We have developed a system to represent the distribution of seismic properties in the Earth that can accommodate a wide range of local to global scale 3D Earth models with spatially variable resolution. A 2D grid of nodes is tessellated using either triangles or quadrilaterals and a profile is defined at each 2D grid node that extends from the center of the Earth to the surface. The surface of the model corresponds with the topographic/bathymetric surface of the Earth, which is referenced to the surface of the GRS80 ellipsoid. Each profile can be separated into a number of layers defined by interfaces across which geophysical properties may be discontinuous. Within the layers between interfaces, the vertical distribution of geophysical properties may be defined by a number of continuous sublayers, by arbitrary order polynomials or by various types of splines. Layer thicknesses can vary laterally and zero thickness layers and layer pinch-outs are accommodated. The distribution of nodes is very flexible, allowing model resolution to vary over a wide range in three dimensions. In this paper, we present detailed descriptions of the software algorithms used to construct, store and interpolate these models.


We proved that a finite commuting Boyd-Wong type contractive family with equicontinuous words have the approximate common fixed point property. We also proved that given X Ă R, compact and convex subset, F : X Ñ X a compact-and-convex valued Lipschitz correspondence and g an isometry on X, then gF " F g implies F admits a Lipschitz selection commuting with g.


Digital simulation studies have been carried out on many traffic phenomena because, being stochastic, they are frequently too complex to be represented by a reasonable mathematical model. Furthermore, empirical laws are difficult to obtain because con ditions on the road rarely remain stable for a sufficient time to obtain reliable data. Most simulations have been carried out to determine maximum flows, queue length, delays, etc. in terms of conflicting traffic flow, driver behaviour para meters, etc. A number of examples of this type of simulation are mentioned in the paper. The author's simulation program, however, was written to give information on vehicle behaviour within the platoon dispersion process. Having modelled starting condi tions at the stopline and arrival patterns at points along the road sufficiently well, it was assumed that vehicle behaviour within the process was also being accurately modelled. The queues of vehicles at stopline are of random length with randomly selected vehicle type and random performance para meters. Leading vehicles in each lane accelerate according to an exponential law, and other vehicles are given accelerations according to one or other of the car- following laws. A novel technique allows driver reaction time to be taken into account. Vehicles may turn from the main road and overtake, the simulation program giving data on every vehicle's position, speed, and acceleration at each scan. The paper describes in detail the more important of the steps which make up the whole complex dispersion process and the various measures taken to verify the simulation.


Description Giant study of ancient pottery and DNA challenges common evolutionary explanation for lactase persistence Giant study of ancient pottery and DNA challenges common evolutionary explanation for lactase persistence


Every organization whether public or private, profit oriented or not, irrespective of its size and nature of business, needs adequate amount of working capital. The efficient working capital management is most crucial factor in maintaining survival, liquidity, solvency and profitability of the any business organization. Keeping in view the significance of working capital management as a gray area of corporate finance function, an attempt has been made to examine the working capital trends and practices of Ashok Leyland . Efficient management of working capital helps to avoid financial crisis, thereby, increasing the profitability and enhances the firms value. By observation of this it can be seen that both the liquidity position and the profitability position of Ashok Leyland is not up to the desired level.The year under review saw a slowdown in the Indian economy with a consequent adverse impact on the commercial vehicle industry. Whilst the overall volume declined by 2% year over year, the medium & heavy duty segment clocked a 25% drop. It caused a great impact on the profitability of the company during the past years. The short term solvency position of the firm must be strengthened so that it is able to meet its obligations timely.


Utilization of information technology in a company will assist in increasing the productivity of the company in carrying out its duties and responsibilities. Distributors are the most important part in a company that provides medical equipment in obtaining goods for the sustainability of the company. The evaluation process for distributors currently does not use a system, so the company has difficulty in evaluating distributors from the requirements that will be calculated and used as material for evaluating the distributor's performance. The decision support system in the selection of this distributor uses profile matching. Profile matching is a method in a decision support system that will provide recommendations based on a comparison of the profiles of each distributor with the highest score. The decision support system for selecting Medical device distributors helps companies to automate and computerize in determining the performance of distributors in meeting company needs. The results of manual calculations and web applications on the selection of medical device distributors show the same results, and there are no different calculations. Test results using blackbox get perfect results, namely 100% for all system functions created for the selection of medical device distributors


High-pressure and multi-phase jet technology is widely used in applications to reduce energy consumption, especially when cleaning steel strips. The dynamics of jet flow and energy transfer in two-phase solid–liquid flow is intricate, particularly in the presence of dense particles. Constructing mathematical models of such interactions is challenging due to the complexity of particle-to-particle and particle-to-fluid contact. An optimized method based on a dense discrete-phase model is proposed to accurately track the movement of dense particles in this study. We used the proposed approach to investigate the movement of particles, the corresponding mechanism of the flow field, and the characteristics of wear while considering the hydraulic forces acting on the particles by using minimal resources for calculation. The results indicate that this method can be used to accurately count an extremely large number of particles and capture their dynamics. The particles acquired kinetic energy from the high-pressure jet, and most of them moved downstream with the main flow. However, part of them migrated toward the bilateral region, participated in the formation and evolution of the vortex, and washed the bottom of a mixture chamber. The impact of the particles at the bottom of a mixing chamber exhibited time-averaged characteristics in terms of the number of collisions and the average normal and tangential forces. The curve of the rate of average wear includes three stages: single-phase flow (no wear), mixed flow (rapid wear), and stable flow (rapid and stable wear at a rate of 9.29 × 10−4 mm/s).


FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2013 PRONOUNCEMENT The writer states truthfully that this project is compiled by her without taking the result from other research in any university, in S-1, S-2, and S-3 degree and in diploma. In addition, the writer ascertains that she does not take the material from other publications or someone's work except for the references mentioned in bibliography.


We, like M. Thomas and colleagues, prefer to see the meaning of Nijmegen Questionnaire within a broader conceptual framework than ventilation and hypocapnia. M. Thomas and colleagues refer to "the variety of drivers (physiological, inflammatory, environmental, psychological, perceptual, behavioural and comorbidity-related) that contribute to asthma control." We want to stress that the Nijmegen Questionnaire was never intended to be used in asthmatic patients. Actually, asthmatics, as well as other patients with respiratory diseases, were explicitly excluded from the initial studies of the questionnaire. The fact that both hyperventilating patients and asthmatic patients may have similar sets of complaints is not really surprising, considering the pathophysiology of both afflictions. We agree that the Nijmegen Questionnaire is indicative of the level of stress that many asthma patients may experience, which decreases asthma control and may result in faulty breathing patterns. Given the multidimensional nature of asthma, it is not really surprising that the questionnaire does not predict the outcome of breathing retraining. The question remains, however, of how to assess a faulty breathing pattern and, more specifically, of whether a faulty breathing pattern is the result of increased stress or is an inherently dysfunctional breathing pattern. This question comes from the conceptual framework of the definition of functional breathing. For asthmatics, M. Thomas and colleagues, pragmatically, chose "providing breathing training in a convenient, accessible and affordable way". However, both the definitions of functional breathing and of convenient breathing training are not fully clear and require further study. Given this lack of clarity, one of the authors (J. van Dixhoorn) developed a procedure of indirect breathing regulation [1] in which the goal is not a specific mode of "proper" breathing. Instead, awareness is promoted of one's breathing and its variable response to a more or less balanced posture and more or less focussed attention. It remains to be seen whether dysfunctional breathing will acquire the status of an illness per se http://ow.ly/P60J7


This study aims to determine the application of the mixing process technology of semi-refined carrageenan and refined carrageenan Kappaphycus alvarezii to the physicochemical properties of carrageenan to obtain simpler process technology but with quality products that are by carrageenan standards. Determination of the best mixing technology was carried out in several stages, refined carrageenan, and the semi-refined carrageenan and refined carrageenan mixing process technology, then followed by Physico-chemical analysis, yield, moisture content, ash content, acid insoluble ash content, gel strength, viscosity, melting point, and cumulative point. The best results on carrageenan which quality standard characteristics, namely gel strength 376,46 g/cm2, viscosity 139,47 cP, melting point 55,70 oC, and the point of departure 38,00 oC


The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) works cooperatively with the Florida Institute of Oceanography (FIO) in the implementation of the SEAKEYS (Sustained Ecological Research Related to Management of the Florida Keys Seascape) network, which is situated along 220 miles of coral reef tract within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). This network is itself actually an enhanced framework of seven CoastalMarine Automated Network (C-MAN) stations for long-term monitoring of meteorological parameters (wind speed, wind gusts, air temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity). To the C-MAN network SEAKEYS adds Oceanographic parameters (sea temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, salinity, fluorometry, optical density) to the stations. As a recent enhancement to the SEAKEYS network, an expert system shell is being employed to provide daily interpretations of near real-time acquired data for the benefit of scientists, fishermen and skin divers. These interpretations are designed to be automatically emailed to Sanctuary managers and to the FIO maintainers of the network. The first set of interpretations include those dealing with environmental conditions conducive to coral bleaching. Other marine environmental interpretations will be forthcoming


An aerosol generator for producing fine particles by a vaporization- condensation technique was built and tested. The aerosols produced by the generator using AgI were about 0.01 to 0.05 mu in diameter. A diagram of the generator is included. (J.R.D.)


Solid-state structures of cobalt(II) complexes of 4-methylumbelliferone-8-methyleneiminodiacetic acid (H3muia), also named Calcein Blue, are presented. Interestingly, ion-pair complexes with different solvation in cation, namely, [Co(H2O)4(CH3CN)2][Co(muia)(H2O)2]2 (1) and [Co(H2O)6][Co2(muia)2(H2O)2]·2CH3CN (2), exhibit self-assembly in one-pot crystallization. By variation of the experimental conditions, 1D coordination polymer [{Co(H2O)4}{Co2(muia)2(H2O)2}]·11H2O (3), which can be considered a pseudo-supramolecular isomer, is obtained. Hydrogen bonding between the cation and anion core gives an interesting hydrogen-bonded network structure. The condensation of ion-pair complexes to a 1D coordination polymer by the influence of solvents is demonstrated.


This investigation was intended to examine the effects of teaching middle school students with learning disabilities and mild mental retardation to tutor one another in reading comprehension strategies. All students were reading significantly below grade level and many students exhibited behavior problems in addition to their primary disability area. Students were randomly assigned to a tutoring or traditional reading instruction condition. Within the tutoring condition, students were matched into tutoring dyads, trained in the tutoring procedures, and taught specific reading comprehension strategies. Reciprocal tutoring was employed, such that students assumed roles of both tutor and tutee during daily reading periods. Performance on reading comprehension tests following tutoring yielded significant performance advantages for students involved in tutoring. Observational, survey, and interview data revealed that students enjoyed tutoring more than their traditional instruction, appeared to see the value and benefits of the tutoring, and wanted to include tutoring as part of their other classes, such as science and social studies. Findings are discussed with respect to the strengths and challenges associated with the use of tutoring to provide strategic instruction to students with special learning needs.