To the Editor: We read with interest the article published by Jabbour et al titled, "Poor Long-Term Outcomes of Keratopigmentation With Black Ink for the Treatment of Dysphotopsia Secondary to Laser Peripheral Iridotomies."1 We agree with Jabbour et al that anterior stromal puncture with tattoo ink is not an adequate treatment method to address postiridotomy dysphotopsia. The depth and concentration of the ink deposition in the cornea with this technique is too shallow and scattered to allow for the long-term ink retention or for effective light blockade. In contrast to Jabbour et al, in our experience, we have found good longterm outcomes of lamellar pocket keratopigmentation. We believe that there are some key teaching points about the surgical technique that, if used, can lead to sustained improvement in the visual disability experienced by these patients. In the analysis of our cases (unpublished internal audit), 14 eyes of 10 patients (average follow-up time of 47 months, range 1–119 months), only 2 patients (3 eyes) had unresolved dysphotopsia after the first corneal tattoo was performed. One of these patients underwent repeat corneal tattooing within a month and experienced complete resolution of dysphotopsias sustained up to her most recent follow-up 10 years later. The second patient opted for observation because his symptoms, while still noticeable, were much improved. All other patients experienced immediate relief from the procedure, and none have required repeat treatment. We reported on our corneal tattoo inking technique for iridotomy-related dysphotopsias in 20172 and would suggest the additional teaching points to achieve good sustained long-lasting outcomes.


Viewgraphs on the National Technology Transfer Center (NTTC) are provided. The NTTC mission is to serve as a hub for the nationwide technology-transfer network to expedite the movement of federally developed technology into the stream of commerce. A description of the Center is provided.


A 74-year-old female was referred to our hospital for the management of pancytopenia. Her haemoglobin concentration was 8.5 g/dl. The platelet and white cell counts were 49 · 10/l and 3.1 · 10/l, respectively, with 72% neutrophils, 18% lymphocytes, 7% monocytes, 1% eosinophils and 2% basophils. Bone marrow aspiration yielded only a few drops of marrow with no marrow particles. Examination of the films, however, showed the presence of non-cohesive tumour cells with irregular nuclei, huge nucleoli, partially clumped chromatin and a considerable amount of deeply basophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. Some abnormal cells had cytoplasmic blebs (upper left). A review of the clinical history showed that the patient had a history of malignant melanoma involving the right nasal cavity with surgery and radiotherapy given 2 years previously. Careful scrutiny of the marrow blood smears showed that the cytoplasm of some tumour cells had a brownish hue and occasionally contained fine dust-like dark-brown granules (upper left). Upper right, a histiocyte with the nucleus being covered by ingested melanin pigments (melanophage) was found next to a tumour cell. Examination of the trephine biopsy sections showed an infiltrate of pleomorphic blast-like cells (lower left, showing the blast-like tumour cells). Some melanophages were found admixed with the tumour cells. The tumour cells were shown to express HMB45 by immunohistochemical staining (lower right). A diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was made. Metastatic melanoma involving the bone marrow is rare, and occurs in about 5–7% of patients with disseminated disease. The presence of melanin pigment in the cytoplasm is characteristic of the tumour. This case illustrates the point that even if very little material can be aspirated, a careful search of the films may sometimes yield a diagnosis.


The paper analyzes the city traffic congestion and its reasons in city main road in the bad weather condition.Suggestions and countermeasures are put forward such as strengthen infrastructure construction,give priority to the development of public transportation systems and optimize the transportation management based on the background of the city development and the actual situation in our country,so improve the city traffic management and slove the congestion issue in city.


Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that creates a three-dimensional virtual environment. It emphasizes user's experience on immersion, imagination and interaction. Some research demonstrates that aesthetic used in VR design could enhance interactivity between virtual body and environment. Aesthetic design on industrial design emphasizes the product appearance rather than function or usability. However, there is little research in aesthetic contribution to industrial design in virtual reality. From the perspective of aesthetics, the paper outlines the aesthetic studies to a virtual reality and product design. Based on the user experience of perception, it analyses a model of aesthetic perception of industrial design in virtual environment, which provides a general guidance for virtual industrial product design. Keywordsaesthetics, virtual reality, interactivity, industrial design


The Internet of Things (IoT) devices are resource-constrained devices with limitations such as low computation power, low communication capabilities, low bandwidths, high latency, and short-lived power. Therefore, securing communication among these devices is a key challenge for various sensitive applications. However, the conventional encryption and decryption algorithms, known as ciphers, cannot be implemented because of their inherent complexities of implementation and power requirements. One of the promising options available is to implement light-weight ciphers for these resource-constrained devices. Moreover, the choice of lightweight encryption tool has a great dependency on the type of IoT devices being used in an application. In this paper, a lightweight cellular automata (CA)-based cipher, named as Lightweight CA Cipher (LCC), has been proposed for IoT applications. In the proposed method, encryption is done at the perception layer, where the sensor nodes are deployed and decryption is done at the network layer where gateway devices are installed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient than some of the existing ciphers like DES, 3DES when randomness, execution time, and implementation simplicity are considered as prime requirements. This cipher passes the randomness tests as prescribed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and it also passes all the DIEHARD tests and it establishes the security feature of LCC. Though it is specially designed for resource-constrained environments, it can be scaled up for a large number of sensor nodes.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing serial data channels supporting the FC protocol 16G communication speed. The method comprises the following steps that (1) a serial data transceiver at the 16G speed is structured through an FPGA device; (2) a photovoltaic conversion module is soldered to a PCB; (3) difference transmission lines are distributed on the PCB, and loss estimation is conducted on the longest difference transmission line; (4) the insertion loss of the whole transmission channels on the PCB is estimated; (5) after the PCB design is completed, frequency domain simulation is conducted on all the serial data channels on the PCB; (6) crosstalk simulation is conduced on all the serial data channels on the PCB. By means of the method, it is ensured that the loss, the crosstalk and the like of the 16G FC data transmission channels can meet the transmission requirement, and the success rate of the design of 16G FC transmission is increased to a great extent.


Two relative paleointensity records of the Jaramillo subchron were obtained during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 167 at Sites 1010 and 1021 on the California margin. The two sites are ∼1300 km apart and differ in sediment composition and deposition rate. The demagnetization of the natural remanent magnetizations (NRM) of discrete samples revealed a vertical drilling overprint at both sites which could be removed by alternating field demagnetization at 20 mT for the sediments from Site 1010. This was confirmed by a positive reversal test on the characteristic remanent magnetization of the discrete samples across the Jaramillo subchron. Rock magnetic criteria for determining relative paleointensities are fulfilled for the samples from Site 1010. Because of variations in the rockmagnetic properties, two short intervals had to be excluded from relative paleointensity determinations at Site 1021. Normalization of the NRM at several demagnetization steps with various magnetic parameters yielded similar results only for Site 1010, and contributions from viscous remanent magnetization could not be detected in the sediments from this site using the pseudo-Thellier method of Tauxe et al. [1995]. The relative paleointensity data of Site 1021 show variations of up to 50% between normalizations with different magnetic parameters and therefore had to be excluded from further analysis. Several fine-scale intensity features are detectable in the record of Hole 1010C, displaying a maximum in relative paleointensity shortly above the lower Jaramillo transition, a prominent local minimum in the middle of the subchron, and a gradual decrease toward the upper Jaramillo reversal. A comparison of this record from the California margin with several published records of relative paleointensity across the Jaramillo subchron with different sedimentation rates and sediment composition shows reasonable agreement between the paleointensity patterns but differences in amplitudes. This suggests an influence of postdepositional magnetization processes which were not removed during normalization.


Eliminate Pro is an excellent first person shooter program with top-notch graphics.  It represents the evolution of the game Doom.  The graphics are superior to that program, but it has been almost 20 years since its initial release.  I...


Wherein, X represents NH or O; Y 'represents a methyl group or a substituted vinyl group with a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a methoxy group or a fluorine atom, or a naphthyl group, and; Z is methyl group, ultraviolet protective agent containing a carboxyl group or a phenyl group substituted with a nitro group, or a compound having an ultraviolet protective effect represented by naphthyl group] as an active ingredient. Compound represented by the general formula I 'includes both novel compounds and known compounds of the present invention. Ultraviolet protective agent of the present invention exerts an excellent UV protective effect and is highly safe


On the basis of the solution to the equations for coupled modes, the regimes of the transformation of orthogonally polarized modes in a planar magnetogyrotropic waveguide with an arbitrary orientation of magnetization and with a perturbation caused by linear and quadratic magnetooptical couplings are investigated. The eigenmodes of the magnetogyrotropic waveguide are found. Conditions under which efficiency of the mode transformation is close to unity are established.


One of the key challenges in very dense cellular network deployments is keeping mobility robustness. Connection dropping and throughput degradation appear significantly when considering vehicle to infrastructure communications. In order to cope with this problem, this paper proposes the use of User Specific and Adaptive Cell Clustering. Each device is served by a different set of cooperative cells that depends on its mobility state. That is to say, the network customizes the cell cluster size separately for each user. This is accomplished by dual connectivity and splitting the data and control planes. The methodology for evaluation is system level simulations considering a realistic mobility model in which user's velocity varies based on the traffic load. Results show network performance enhancements in terms of mobility and throughput. Thus, this technique is an interesting mobility management option in such ultra-dense deployments.


Marking denture has been considered as an important part of forensic dentistry, although no standardized method is followed. The more contemporary methods use hi-tech equipment and are expensive and may not be suitable for all practitioners to use. This article a describes simple laboratory technique for denture marking using micro-motor and round bur then filling up the engraving by tooth colored self cure acrylic.


This paper seeks for demonstrating the significance of second language(L2) contextual knowledge in L2 Learners' lexical development. It shows the essence of lexical competence and the rule of its development through the discussion of various definition of lexical competence and the distinction between lexical knowledge and lexical competence as well as the illustration of the three stages of lexical development in L2.Compensation Hypothesis proposed by WANG Chu-ming lays emphasis on the significant role context plays in Second Language Acquisition and thus gives inspiration to the question of how to reduce the possibility of fossilization of L2 vocabulary in lexical development and how to improve lexical competence of L2 learners and brings about the investigation of the integration of lexical acquisition and context as well in L2 vocabulary teaching and learning.


Suicide is a considerable public health issue garnering increasing attention in public and academic dialogue over the past few years. Despite alarming statistics showing a
high gender skewing towards males, there has been remarkably little focus on prevention, intervention strategies or research to address male suicide.


Surface modification of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated substrates through the use of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of molecules with permanent dipole moments has been used to control the anode work function and device performance in organic photovoltaic (PV) cells based on donor/accepter layer. The organic PV cells are fabricated, with the cell configuration of ITO/Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) (40 nm)/fullerene (C60) (40 nm)/Al with and without bathocuproine (BCP) (10 nm) in between C60 and Al. The cell performance under illumination with white Xe light illumination with intensity of 100 mW cm-2 is measured. By the use of para-substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides with different terminal of (H-), (Cl-), and phenylphosphoryl dichloride (-P) groups, the energy offset at the ITO/ZnPc interface is tuned widely depending upon the interface dipoles and thus the correlation between the change in the ITO work function and the performance of the PV cells by chemical modification is examined.


The integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) with the classic electrical distribution network leads to many protection and operation issues. So, it is important to define the best location in the electrical network to connect the RESs. In addition, the best size of the RESs that will be connected to the grid should also be defined in such a way to reduce the number of the disturbances and contingency cases that may bring many protection or operation failures in the distribution networks. This paper presents a modified adaptive protection technique to re-coordinate the Automatic Recloser (AR) and fuses in the distribution networks. The protection devices will adapt its characteristics to the new cases and be able to adjust its parameters to eliminate the fault as fast as possible. The new adaptive algorithm is tested and verified using the MATLAB/Simulink software. An adaptive code is embedded into the technique in such a way that will guarantee not only the least fail cases in the protection and operation contingencies but also in the critical cases. It is applied and tested using the standard IEEE 13 nodes test feeder as a distribution system. The system is modeled and simulated using the ETAP software.


Rheumatoid arthritis is a debilitating chronic disorder with high morbidity. With recent advances in rheumatology, more emphasis is placed on early diagnosis since early intervention leads to better outcomes. Therefore, the international classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis has amended the required duration of symptoms for diagnosis from 6 months in 1987, to 6 weeks in 2010. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) emphasizes that the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis remains clinical and can even be made before six weeks at the discretion of the rheumatologist. There is a recent interest in research focusing on the diagnosis and management of 'early inflammatory arthritis'. The Delay in presentation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis for specialty care


We show that the Adams operations on the character ring, the Brauer character ring, and the trivial source ring can be characterized as the natural endomorphisms of these representation rings if these rings are considered as functors form the category of finite groups to the category of unitary rings. In the case of the trivial source ring one has to take a vertex filtration into account.


In this paper, design, fabrication and testing of hydraulic crane is intended to replace the local or traditional method of lifting heavy load with hand with emphasis being laid on performance, safety and reliability. Also, hydraulic crane is capable of carrying load up to 1000kg at a time was developed using locally available materials. The crane is comprised of six primary load-carrying members that are joined together in a particular fashion, actuator, oil tank, hose, pipe and a pump that is powered by a D.C. motor. The principle of operation, fabrication details and methods were critically analyzed, calculations were clearly laid out and material selection and costing were also discussed. The machine Factor of Safety (FOS) is 2 and in the performance evaluation, it indicated 81.2% efficiency. (Muhammadu Masin MUHAMMADU. Design, fabrication and testing of hydraulic crane. Nat Sci


The occurrence of two eggs in an archegonium and polyembryony in Mannia foreaui are described. It is sug- gested that available space in the archegonial cavity is one of the factors determining the shape and nature of the divisions in the proembryo. The presence of two embryos in the same archegonium may cause a shifting in the pole of the first ver- tical division in the potential embryo.


Take advantage of Sinatra, the Ruby-based web application library and domain-specific language used by GitHub, LinkedIn, Engine Yard, and other prominent organizations. With this concise book, you will quickly gain working knowledge of Sinatra and its minimalist approach to building both standalone and modular web applications.Sinatra serves as a lightweight wrapper around Rack middleware, with syntax that maps closely to functions exposed by HTTP verbs, which makes it ideal for web services and APIs. If you have experience building applications with Ruby, you'll quickly learn language fundamentals and see under-the-hood techniques, with the help of several practical examples. Then you'll get hands-on experience with Sinatra by building your own blog engine.Learn Sinatra's core concepts, and get started by building a simple applicationCreate views, manage sessions, and work with Sinatra route definitionsBecome familiar with the language's internals, and take a closer look at RackUse different subclass methods for building flexible and robust architecturesPut Sinatra to work: build a blog that takes advantage of service hooks provided by the GitHub API


CALET is an all-calorimetric electron telescope in prepara tion for a launch to the International Space Station (ISS), where it will be installed on the Exposure Fac ility of the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EF). With observations over a period of five years, CALET will be ab le to unveil the presence of possible nearby sources of high energy electrons and search for signatures o f dark matter. The instrument includes a two-layered Charge Detector (CHD) module of scintillator paddles desig ned to identify via a measurement of their electric charge individual nuclear species from proton to iron and t o etect trans-iron elements. Complementary charge information is provided by the Imaging Calorimeter (IMC). CALET will be able to perform precision measurements of indi vidual element spectra and of the energy dependence of secondary/primary abundance ratios. The extensio n of the present measurements of boron/carbon to the energy region above 1 TeV/amu will provide an important i nput to theoretical models of particle propagation


Disease associations, particularly for the autoimmune disorders, which tend to occur together in individuals and in related family members, provide useful etiologic clues for disease of unknown cause. 1 Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported to occur in association with other autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune thyroid diseases, autoimmune adrenalitis, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. 1-3 REPORT OF A CASE A 40-year-old man had suffered from presumed MS since 1961. He had occasional exacerbations, and was treated with short courses of intramuscular cortisone therapy in the early 1960s and 1970. His symptoms and signs included recurrent attacks of optic neuritis of the left eye, slurring dysarthria, grossly ataxic gait, and quite marked incoordination, particularly in the legs. In July 1973, an urticarial-like rash with itching erythematous papules and plaques over his scalp, extremities, and flanks appeared. There was stiffness and pain in finger joints and ankles. Laboratory


Image resolution improvement is commonly technique for applications such as image reconstruction or enlargement. It is important to remove image quality degradation such as blocking effect or artificiality occurrence. In this paper, we propose image resolution improvement method using loss information of image. The proposed compute and estimate by low level interpolation of obtained low resolution image, it is applied by interpolated high resolution as 1-stage interpolation. We generate last interpolation image by iteration of error computation and application between obtained low resolution image and 1-stage interpolation image. By experiments using same test images, we confirmed improvement over 3.2dB of average PSNR and enhancement of subject image quality. Also, we can reduce more than 85% computation complexity. The proposed image resolution improvement method may be helpful for various applications of image processing.


A sporadic series of opinions dating back seven decades has incrementally established that, in Texas, the executive has no authority to pool the royalty or nonexecutive mineral interest covered by an oil and gas lease. Conversely, the owners of nonexecutive interests do have a choice whether or not to ratify leases that purport to cover their interest. This state of the law arose first from cases involving royalty apportionment and community leases, then drawing in nonexecutive interests, before finally establishing the privileged position of freestanding royalty and nonexecutive mineral interests. Texas should instead follow the lead of Louisiana and West Virginia and again recognize the executive position the lessor has vis-à-vis nonexecutive interests. So long as the duty of the executive to associated nonexecutive interests is observed, leasing executives should be able to bind those nonexecutives to all the terms of a lease, including pooling and entireties clauses. Thereafter, a lessee should be able to voluntarily pool those interests provided it does so as a reasonably prudent operator. As recent litigation shows, this change would prevent situations in which small nonexecutive interests far from production make payment claims based on dubious title assertions. It would also promote the state's policy of fostering mineral development and ease title examination burdens related to the orderly development of leases. Within the existing jurisprudence, when a freestanding royalty owner files lease ratifications in the public record or is judicially determined to have ratified a lease, it should be subject to every term in the lease. This includes provisions to apportion royalties on a tractspecific basis rather than across the entire lease. Such ratifications should not be revocable. Several defensive measures, such as drafting carefully to limit lease coverage, getting ratifications before development, and using allocation wells, may help lessees in certain, but not all, instances. * Director and Professor, Harry L. Reed Oil & Gas Law Institute, South Texas College of Law Houston, B.S. (Geology) and M.S. (Geophysics), Wright State University; Ph.D., Texas A&M University (Petroleum Seismology); J.D., University of Oklahoma. Licensed in Texas and New Mexico. The author thanks Keith Ammann, Owen Anderson, Austin Brister, Chris Halgren, John Lowe, David Pierce, and Randall Sadler for their assistance in completing this project. Portions of this article detailing some case law background appear in JOHN LOWE ET AL., CASES AND MATERIALS ON OIL AND GAS LAW (7th ed. 2018). This article is dedicated to the memory of Haynes and Boone, LLP (Houston) lawyer George Gerard "Guy" Young III, October 17, 1955–April 19, 2015.


From the quantum kinetic equation of Bogoliubov, Gurov, Born, and Green, the equations of motion for macroscopic variables are examined in many different ways. First, in the configuration space a hierarchy of generalized fluid-dynamical equations can be obtained by taking the appropriate limits of the quantum kinetic equation. The resultant equations of continuity, of momentum, and of energy are similar in form to those one encounters in classical fluid dynamics with the exception of additional terms proportional to h/sup 2/. Secondly, the quantum kinetic equation is examined in phase space. The same set of equations of continuity, of momentum, and of energy can be derived by taking the first three moments of the quantum kinetic equation. The exact results we obtained are utilized to form the starting point for many simplifying approximations for the investigation of the dynamics of quantum many-body systems such as the elastic response limit, the hydrodynamical limit, Landau's Fermi-liquid theory, and finally the time-dependent Hartree-Fock and the multideterminant time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximations. The fact that all these different dynamical descriptions can be traced to a common origin provides a unifying viewpoint to the present approach with the quantum kinetic equation.


Dear editor, in a published article in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, the authors reported that hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) is one of the SARS-CoV-2's proteins that can be used as a target gene for diagnosis of COVID-19 by molecular detection methods [1]. Coronaviruses belong to the Coronaviridae family, and according to genetic properties, this viral family is divided into four genera: alpha-, beta-, gammaand delta-coronavirus [2]. The genome of coronaviruses encodes several structural and nonstructural proteins. The four proteins including spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E) and nucleocapsid (N) are common to all members of the coronaviruses [3,4], although some beta-coronaviruses, such as HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU-1, contain another protein named hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) that is located between ORF1a/b and S genes and involves in the entry and release process [5–7]. SARSCoV-2 is a beta-coronavirus but it's genome has not possess hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene; therefore, hemagglutininesterase cannot be encoded by SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, since hemagglutinin-esterase gene exists in some members of beta-coronavirus genus (subgenus Embeco virus) such as OC43-CoV and HKU1-CoV, but according to scientific evidence, hemagglutinin-esterase gene cannot be used as a target for detection of SARS-COV-2 by molecular detection methods. ORCID


Introduction. The reintegration of migrant workers is the renewal and accelerated development of ties between the individual and the society, the economic and cultural systems, the restoration of the impact of the individual on socio-economic, socio-cultural and political processes and phenomena, increasing participation in the processes of sustainable development on the basis of introducing elements of economic culture countries of pre-migration. The methodological bases for improving the mechanisms of reintegration of labor migrants should be assessed on the basis of available political and legal support. The problem of labor migration has now taken on a national scale, which brings it out of the limits of the influence of any organization, cluster or individual state authority. The formulation of a strategy for regulating labor migration should be made on the basis of the status of this problem as a national one, therefore, requiring macroeconomic regulation, which will be supported by a strong institutional and regulatory framework.
The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of state migration policy.
Results. Theoretical aspects of reintegration of labor migrants are covered. The content analysis of the legal acts of the President of Ukraine is carried out. A number of significant legal acts that have or can have a significant impact on state migration policy are characterized. The peculiarities of the functioning of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of migration, and the recent changes in determining the range of subjects of formation and implementation of the state policy in the sphere of labor migration are analyzed. The importance of regulating the issue of investments earned during the emigration of funds into the national economy is substantiated.
Conclusion. According to the conducted research, the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of the state migration policy is formed under the influence of debates about the factors, directions and forms of support of the respective processes by the state authorities. We believe that the main disadvantage of reintegration institutional support is the lack of a unified approach to the role and importance of repatriates for the sustainable development of the national economy. In our opinion, this approach should be consolidated in the form of the Law of Ukraine with a clear definition of the subjects of assistance to repatriation and reintegration of labor migrants, as well as to strengthen with additional measures of informational, organizational character, tax privileges for investing the money earned abroad for search, development of employers of skilled migrant workers returning to Ukraine.


Path planning is a process to find the optimal path from the starting node to the destination node.Tens of algorithms have been designed to resolve the shortest path problem,in which the Dijkstra algorithm is always thought to be the most mature and classical one.However,its higher time complexity greatly restricts its practical application.Besides,for most path planning algorithms,the road network is considered as an ordinary plane network and the spatial distribution characteristics are ignored,therefore,the path planning algorithm can not do well in real road network.In order to improve the searching efficiency of the traditional Dijkstra algorithm and to meet the requirement of real-time vehicle navigation,a path planning algorithm based on SuperMap is designed by utilizing the network editing function of SuperMap GIS platform.Firstly,with the spatial distribution characteristics,a road network is built in SuperMap.In this process,we take three-dimensional transport and one-way road network into consideration,making the road network built in SuperMap able to reproduce the real road network.For three-dimensional transport,we set the parameters of non-broken lines and make sure the roads not in the same plane have no intersections;for one-way roads,the forward resistance and reverse resistance are set with different weights.Secondly,in order to improve the searching efficiency of the traditional Dijkstra algorithm,we propose a method to restrict the searching area.According to the coordinate relationships of the starting node and the destination node,we create a hexagon area,which contains the staring node and the destination node,as the restricted searching area,and make the algorithm able to search the shortest path within the restricted searching area on the theoretical basis of the classic Dijkstra algorithm.Thirdly,based on the actual needs,the path planning algorithm with certain constraints is designed.The constraints are prohibit a certain way and must pass through a certain point.At last,we apply the algorithm proposed in this paper to urban road network and compare it with traditional Dijkstra algorithm.The results show that,due to the searching area is restricted reasonably,the two algorithms get the same shortest path,but the time spent by the algorithm proposed in this paper is much less.Besides,the algorithm proposed in this paper can do well in path planning with constraints.Thus,the improved Dijkstra algorithm based on SuperMap GIS has a strong practicability,and can be used in real-time vehicle navigation.


This paper is the result of a reeexion coming from the usage and learning of the language B. It tries to better explain and understand the assembly primitives includes and uses of the language. It presents a high-level notion of components and develops a \component algebra". This algebra is specialized to deal with the B-components. The B assembly primitives are re-expressed in this basic formalism. Some problems about independence of concepts in the B methodology are pointed out and are discussed.


Calculi in the submaxillary and sublingual gland or their ducts are not common. In contrast to stones in other regions of the body, particularly in the gallbladder and kidneys, those in the salivary gland have assumed a minor place. Nevertheless, they have been of sufficient interest to have been reported since the dawn of modern medicine. Hencke and Erdmann were able to collect approximately four hundred cases from the literature. In the past decade this number has been greatly increased.1 The calculi that occur in the gland proper do not, as a rule, give pronounced symptoms. They may be single or multiple. Beclere2reported a case in which a bilateral involvement of the submaxillary gland was found to be present. Calculi may manifest symptoms sufficient to warrant radical treatment, but fortunately, so far as the gland is concerned, this is the exception. This is the opinion of most


Received: 20 January 2021 Accepted: 11 March 2021 Skin disease is found in different sorts, for example, basal, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma among which melanoma is one that is very difficult to predict. Finding melanoma at an early stage is crucial. Melanomas come in many forms and may display none of the typical warning signs. Early detection can vastly increase chances for the cure. Computer vision can assume significant part in Medical Image Diagnosis and it has been demonstrated by numerous existing frameworks. Here, we represent computer aided strategy for identification of type of melanoma utilizing the transfer learning techniques. The proposed model utilized pre-trained and transfer learning model to image net. The proposed model successfully classified three melanoma types, namely, Nodular melanoma, Lentigo maligna melanoma and Superficial spreading melanoma. Additionally, exact identification of irregular borders from melanoma skin lesions is clinically significant. A main challenge is deciding the specific lesion border. For resolving the issue, we have executed another technique to identify the border of an affected or cancerous area. A dataset consists of 2475 dermoscopic images to train and test algorithms. Performance of a proposed system gave very good results as far as sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, recall, fscore, and precision. At last, we have compared performance of different transfer learning techniques.


Sulphuric acid plants based on pyrite process as study object,fire explosion hazard index evaluation of raw materials,roasting,conversion,drying and absorbing five procedures were conducted by DOW's fire explosion index hazard classification.Research results showed that potential safety hazard existed in sulphuric acid plants based on pyrite,of which index of roasting procedure was the biggest,that of conversion was bigger. Fire explosion hazard index will be reduced,and safety of system will be increased on the basis of paying attention to safety indemnifying measures.


THE CHANGING NATURE OF THE ENGINEERING PROFESSIO In the 21st century's global economy, the new challenges facing the engineering profession have arrived, confirming the need to restructure engineering curricula, teaching and learning practices, and processes, including assessment. Possessing merely technical knowledge no longer guarantees an engineering graduate a successful career. And while all countries are facing this dilemma, India is struggling the most. It has been argued that most Indian engineering educational institutions struggle with the systemic problem of centralisation coupled with an archaic examination system that is detrimental to student learning. This article examines some internationally renowned educational institutions that are embracing the growing importance of non-technical subjects and soft skills in 21st century engineering curricula. It will then examine the problems that India faces in doing the same.


Well integrity is one of the most critical elements for extending the producible life of a well. A healthy well enables optimization of productivity, enhanced oil recovery, trial tests of new technologies, and much more. Factors such as external corrosive aquifers, internal corrosion, corrosive hydrocarbons, cement bond damage, solids and sand production, and others are considered the main integrity dangers worldwide. When well integrity is affected, not only economic risks but also risks to health, environment and safety are probable. Well integrity is an objective achieved by optimum design and construction of the well after studying and assessing all possible hazards; effective monitoring of the well behavior while it's under production; and timely intervention when an integrity problem is detected.
 Evaluating all the aspects of well integrity during well operation is crucial. Cyclic surveillance is important to be followed, including wellhead pressures/annuli surveys, temperature surveys, corrosion logs, wellbore clearance, and well fluid samples, among other activities. With the help of smart and integrated systems, production engineers can have much better control over well integrity and be proactive in making timely decisions prior to any unforeseen events. The smart system keeps the well surveillance records, risk-rank the wells, and sets KPIs to tackle necessary actions wherever applicable. The developed system immediately triggers any threat on well integrity when it occurs.


Dear Editor, A 26-year-old gravida 7, para 1 woman had been previously diagnosed with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). She had a history of recurrent venothromboembolic events (VTEs) with her first deep venous thrombosis (DVT) at the age of 17. She later developed a right internal jugular vein thrombosis that was complicated by intracranial hypertension requiring a lumboperitoneal shunt. She also had a history of recurrent pregnancy losses with one spontaneous abortion at 7 weeks gestational age (GA) and four fetal deaths after 10 weeks GA. Lupus anticoagulant testing had been positive. As there were no features suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), she was diagnosed with primary APS. She presented to the clinic at 25 weeks GA with a 2-week history of dyspnea. She had previously decided against medical advice to remain on warfarin, as she had attributed the cause of previous pregnancy losses to heparin. Her only medication was warfarin and recently her international normalized ratio (INR) had been maintained within the goal therapeutic range of 2.0– 3.0. On examination, pulse was 110 bpm, blood pressure was 150/70, and oxygen saturation was 96% on room air. She was admitted to hospital for further investigations and management. Blood work revealed a normal complete blood count, electrolytes and creatinine. Chest X-ray, electrocardiogram and Doppler ultrasound of the legs were normal. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) demonstrated a mobile mass measuring 35 9 12 mm in the right atrium which was suspicious for a thrombus given the patient's history of APS. The TTE did not show signs of pulmonary hypertension. The patient's clinical presentation was considered to be secondary to embolic phenomena from the atrial mass. Ventilation/ perfusion scan or computed tomography pulmonary angiogram were not done. She was started on lowdose aspirin and intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusion with careful monitoring of partial thromboplastin time to a goal range of 80–100 s. Warfarin was discontinued. The patient had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which showed a 37 9 28 mm mobile, homogenous, pedunculated mass attached to the right atrial wall. The findings were highly suggestive of atrial myxoma rather than thrombus. Resection of the mass was judged to be necessary due to the risk of possible catastrophic embolic events. A combined surgery was planned with Cesarean section followed by atrial mass resection at 29 weeks GA, which would allow for a reasonable time for fetal development. The patient was monitored closely in hospital until then. She remained clinically stable on UFH, and two repeat TTEs showed that the atrial mass was unchanged. She received steroids for fetal lung maturation. At 29 weeks GA, a healthy live baby boy was delivered by Cesarean section. The patient was subsequently placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and the atrial mass was removed, appearing to be thrombus. She tolerated both procedures very well. A follow-up TTE showed no residual atrial mass/thrombus. She was discharged home on post-operative day 10 in a stable condition after being transitioned to warfarin. The target INR on discharge was 2.5–3.5. The pathology of the mass revealed thrombosis. APS is a condition that predisposes individuals to develop venous and arterial thrombotic events and pregnancy-related complications. APS can exist in a primary form or can be secondary to SLE. Updated APS diagnostic criteria require the presence of a clinical event (thrombosis or recurrent pregnancy morbidity) and laboratory evidence (positive anticardiolipin antibody, lupus anticoagulant, or anti-b2 glycoprotein-1 antibody on repeated testing). The mainstay of treatment of APS is anticoagulation/ antithrombotic therapy. In patients with APS with previous thrombosis, life-long anticoagulation is recommended. In pregnant APS patients without previous thrombosis but with recurrent early miscarriages, a


MALACCA: Five Malaysian research universities have been listed in the world's top one per cent of best universities in the latest Quacquarelli Seymonds (QS) World University rankings of 2016/2017


Through an account of white feminisms and white privilege, this article examines the tensions between local and international knowledge frames. The article considers the possibility of a feminist approach to global constitutionalism and argues for a twofold critique: first, a feminist interrogation of the dominance of a specifically male history of Western and Anglo-European knowledge frames; and second, a self-critique within feminist approaches to global legal regimes that acknowledges the complicity of mainstream feminist tools in the racist histories of knowledge production. To this end, the article examines the space of gender expertise to explore how this can be both an aperture for plural feminist encounters and a refinement of diverse feminist approaches into a form digestible by the contours of international institutions. To explore alternative, decolonized encounters, the article centres Lusophone African feminist silence and action in Luanda, the capital of Angola. The article explores how Angolan gender relations, informal labour and histories of protest unsettle the frame of a feminist manifesto, to argue for a place for active silence as a methodology for undoing the status quo of global constitutional expectations of how knowledge arrives at the global and transnational levels.


Pregnancy is a state associated with an increased risk of lithogenesis on the gallbladder. Cholelithiasis during pregnancy has an incidence of 12%, with pregnancy being an important risk factor for gallstones. The delayed endoscopic intervention has been associated with an increased risk of adverse events. Using the resource of ERCP in pregnancy is valuable in diseases of the biliary tract. The use of measures to reduce exposure to radiation should be the norm and the delay of this procedure should not be carried out when there are precise indications for it.


When Euripides' Helen was first produced in 412 B.C., it seems to have created a literary sensation. We have Aristophanes' word for it. In the Thesmophoriazusae, staged almost certainly at the Dionysia of the following year, the comic poet introduces an old relative of Euripides, who says at line 850 'I'm going to copy that newfangled Helen' τήν καινήν ΈΧένψ μιμήσομαι, and this he proceeds to do by burlesquing four scenes from the tragedy.


A patient with severe constrictive pericarditis demonstrated a new angiographic sign of segmental diastolic obliteration of an obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex system of the left coronary artery.


Recently, Fuller et al. (1) reported the absence of mutations in the FSH-receptor in granulosa cell tumors. These findings differed from our previous study (2), which described a Phe-to-Ser mutation in codon 591 (F591S) in the 6th transmembrane domain of the FSH-receptor in approximately two thirds of sex cord tumors, including granulosa cell tumors. Because of the discrepancy in these two studies, we analyzed additional samples of granulosa cell tumors and reanalyzed the original samples reported in our study. In our analyses of ten new specimens of granulosa cell tumors, we found that none of the new specimens had the F591S mutation. However, when we reanalyzed the DNA samples reported in our earlier study (2), the results were confirmed as originally reported. Although the F591S mutation had been confirmed multiple times and using several independent techniques, including direct DNA sequencing, oligonucleotide specific hybridization, and mutationspecific digestion with restriction endonucleases, we remained skeptical in view of our results with new specimens and in view of the findings of other groups. Therefore, all of the original paraffin blocks were reextracted, DNA was isolated, and the sequence analyses were repeated. In this case, we did not find the F591S mutation in any of the specimens. Although there are several possible explanations, contamination during the initial paraffin extraction or DNA isolation process is most likely. The source of DNA contamination remains elusive and was difficult to recognize because direct sequencing resulted in a characteristic heterozygous mutation pattern (2). Although there was no evidence of contamination in any of the more than 100 controls that were run during the sequence analyses, we did not anticipate the possibility that the original DNA specimens might be contaminated. Care was taken, for example, to use new blades for the sectioning of each specimen. How contamination occurred and the source of the contaminant remain unknown. To our knowledge, no plasmid with this sequence ever existed in the laboratory at the time of the DNA isolation. It is also unknown why the contamination affected only some of the samples. Taken together, these analyses suggest that the F591S mutation that we identified originally was due to contamination that occurred during the handling of the paraffin blocks or during DNA isolation. Contamination did not occur during the PCR analyses for mutation detection— the step at which controls are typically introduced. In addition to the implications for our own study, this problem underscores the potential difficulties associated with mutation detection by PCR. In retrospect, this erroneous detection of the F591S mutation explains its unusual functional effects and its occurrence in tumor types with disparate histological classifications. The F591S substitution inactivated the FSHreceptor rather than causing constitutive activation as occurs with activating mutations of the TSH-receptor or the LH receptor. We regret any confusion that this error has caused.


Four types of polyps that differ in morphology and function were previously described in pennatulacean octocorals: oozooids, autozooids, siphonozooids, and mesozooids. Here we describe a 5th type of polyp, the acrozooid, found in members of 2 species of the genus Pteroeides from tropical western Pacific coral reef regions. The polyps appear in clusters of up to 14 in number on the ventral side and distal terminus of the rachis, and are characteristically urn-shaped, with 8 triangularly shaped tentacles. The polyp walls contain smooth, elongated rod-like sclerites, which are similar to those found in the coenenchyme of parent colonies. We postulate that these polyps represent maturing asexual budding structures.


Organ Donation Management System is a novel idea to support organ donors in India with a new age interface and ease of registration, and systematic guidelines of Government India to ensure the legalities. As we included a Aadhar authentication for this process to register a donor, we duly abide by the laws, values and of Donors to serve the communities in India. ODMS is an online system which consists of Android Application and a Website. The health care system has access to detailed information of patients and donors within a management. As the penetration of Mobile phone and gadgets is another boon for this project idea deployment. We designed a system if a user willing to donate organs post their death due to an unfortunate accident or incident with help of Aadhar system we trace the organ donor and within the golden period we take the permission of family members of deceased organ donor to transplant his organs to other patients in need. Aadhar plays a pivotal role in this entire process for Authentication, Tracking the deceased donors and the Know Your Donor called as KYD where a donor himself provide a legal acceptance of organ donation post his death through video KYC and digital forms filling.


A key challenge in building theoretical foundations for deep learning is the complex optimization dynamics of neural networks, resulting from the high-dimensional interactions between the large number of network parameters. Such non-trivial dynamics lead to intriguing behaviors such as the phenomenon of"double descent"of the generalization error. The more commonly studied aspect of this phenomenon corresponds to model-wise double descent where the test error exhibits a second descent with increasing model complexity, beyond the classical U-shaped error curve. In this work, we investigate the origins of the less studied epoch-wise double descent in which the test error undergoes two non-monotonous transitions, or descents as the training time increases. By leveraging tools from statistical physics, we study a linear teacher-student setup exhibiting epoch-wise double descent similar to that in deep neural networks. In this setting, we derive closed-form analytical expressions for the evolution of generalization error over training. We find that double descent can be attributed to distinct features being learned at different scales: as fast-learning features overfit, slower-learning features start to fit, resulting in a second descent in test error. We validate our findings through numerical experiments where our theory accurately predicts empirical findings and remains consistent with observations in deep neural networks.


Abstract Anasterias minuta is an oral-brooding sea star and one of the main predators of intertidal benthos in Patagonia, Argentina. The aims of this study were to: (1) assess the temporal pattern of feeding and brooding, (2) evaluate the effect of body size, tidal height and temperature on feeding and brooding, (3) evaluate temporary changes in digestive and sexual organs and (4) investigate the relationships between the predatory and brooding activities. Females do not feed during the brooding period. Spawning proceeded during March. The brooding period was from March to November, with a maximum in May. The population feeding rate varied seasonally, with a maximum in December and a minimum in May. The feeding rate was positively related to water temperature and sea star size; but not with tidal height. An annual cycle exists for pyloric caeca weight in both sexes; lowest values were found during winter, due to brooding female starvation, and a possible decrease in feeding rate of non-brooding females and males. No inverse relationship was found between the pyloric caeca and gonad weights in females, but a lag of 1 month was observed in males, being the maximal pyloric caeca development before the maximum gonad weight, suggesting nutrient translocation.


Size distributions of mineral aerosols released by wind‐erosion from arid areas are of primary importance to model their transport patterns as well as their effect on climate. Wind tunnel experiments meant to test the influence of wind strength and soil characteristics are carried out with two natural soils differing both in texture and in mineral composition. In all cases, the aerosols can be considered as mixtures, in proportions depending on wind speed, of the same three lognormally distributed particle populations. By using appropriate binding energies for these populations, a sandblasting model previously developed allows retrieval of the size distributions of the aerosols produced by the two soils at any wind speed. A major implication of this study is that the size distributions of mineral aerosols greatly depend on the wind conditions prevailing during their generation. Aerosols optical properties being size dependent, this should clearly be taken into account in climate modeling.


The study's aim was to determine the fatty acid composition from the guinea pig meat. The study was conducted in the Riobamba City, Ecuador. The guinea pigs lines used were: Creole, Andean and Improved Peruvian. It was carried out a variance analysis for the differences and measurements comparison according Duncan (P<0.05). The total content of saturated fatty acids in this rodent meat did not registered statistical differences between the lines studied, with values of 37,11, 37,01 and 36,71% for the guinea pigs Creole, Andean and improved Peruvian respectively. Neither the content of monounsaturated acids reported statistical differences between the three lines, as Fecha de recepcion: 21 de diciembre de 2014 Fecha de aprobacion: 08 de abril de 2015


The fatigue test is conducted with the unidirectional plate of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites embedded with SMA(Shape Memory Alloy).The result shows that the residual rigidity,residual strength and its fatigue life under specific stress levels are improved after the unidirectional plate embedded with SMA is thermally excitated.Compared with the performance of the unidirectional plate without SMA,the fatigue resistance of the composite unidirectional plate embedded with SMA and excitated thermally is greatly improved.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a CPU (Central Processing Unit), which is used for reducing the used space of a circuit board and is suitable for developing a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) to high integration and minimization so as to improve the using stability performance of the CPU. The method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention comprises an acquisition module, which is used for obtaining the times of clock signal generated by a clock generation module recorded by a counter module when a single plate is electrified, a register module, which is used for determining a target starting mode when the times reach a threshold, and a starting module, which is used for starting according to the target starting mode. The embodiment of the invention also provides a starting method of the CPU, which is used for reducing the used space of the circuit board and is suitable for developing the PCB to high integration and minimization so as to improve the using stability performance of the CPU.


Based on the SN/T 0285-2012 "Determition of ethyl carbamate residues in alcohol for export———GC-MS" as the main reference,extraction of ethyl carbamate in brandy by solid phase extraction,using gas chromatography mass spectrometry for determination of ethyl carbamate in brandy;in 100 ~1600 μ g/L standard curve range good linearity,recovery method95.8%~102.4%,the relative standard deviation were0.89%.With this method,3 kinds of cognac brandy were determind,the conten of ethyl carbamate were19.72~57.41μg/L,Ethyl carbamate content increases with the increase of age.


Sona variety, considered as check, has highest sennosoide content and
hence can be used as parent for the purpose of increasing quality of other
genotypes in breeding pogrammes.
For earliness in flowering, maturity and harvest ACC-4 and ACC-1 can be
utilised effectively in breeding and crossing pogrammes.
If seed production is a concern then DCA-18 produces more number of
seeds per pod with moderate average seed weight.
Hence, in conclusion the high range of variability among genotypes can be
tapped through breeding pogrammes and potential varieties can be released by
following procedure in vogue for the welfare of our farmers.


. We show that if V is a (cid:12)nite vector space, and G is a subgroup of P Γ L ( V ) having the same orbit sizes on 1-spaces as an orthogonal or unitary group on V , then, with a few exceptions, G is itself an orthogonal or unitary group on V .


This report concerns studies of CIS solar cells based on ZnSe window layers. ZnSe/CIS devices are fabricated by growing ZnSe films by MOCVD onto Siemens CIS and graded absorber substrates. ZnSe films are grown by reacting H{sub 2}Se with a zinc adduct. ZnSe/CIS heterojunctions have been studied by depositing transparent aluminum contacts onto ZnSe. These studies indicate that ZnSe/CIS solar cells can be fabricated with an efficiency greater than 14%. Open circuit voltages are typically larger than 500 mV and the optimum range of ZnSe film thickness for maximum efficiency is between 100 {angstrom} and 250 {angstrom}. Photocurrents are significantly reduced as the film thickness exceeds 250 {angstrom}. Photoluminescence spectroscopy has been utilized to characterize the physical nature of CIS substrate surfaces, and ZnSe-CIS interfaces. These studies indicate that a segregated phase(s) exists at the surface of as received Siemens substrates. Additionally, it is determined that the segregated phase(s) still exist after the ZnSe growth process. To date, sputtered ZnO top contact layers have caused degradation of the photovoltaic properties of the ZnSe/CIS structure. Investigations of the effects of MOCVD grown ZnO upon ZnSe/CIS structures will soon be initiated. To establish the feasibility of ZnSe as a window layer, cells have been fabricated by incorporating a protective layer of CdS between the ZnSe and ZnO. A total area efficiency of 11% was obtained with such a structure.


The invention provides a hybrid power transmission, which comprises an input shaft and an output shaft that are positioned in one same axis, and a middle shaft parallel to the input shaft and the output shaft, wherein an input shaft gear is arranged on the input shaft; a first gear and a second gear are mounted on the output shaft through bearings; a synchronizer is arranged between the first gear and the second gear and can be axially mounted on the output shaft in a sliding manner through a spline; a middle shaft gear, a first middle shaft gear and a second middle shaft gear are fixedly arranged on the middle shaft in sequence; the middle shaft gear is constantly meshed with the input shaft gear; the first middle shaft gear is constantly meshed with the second gear; the second middle shaft gear is constantly meshed with the first gear; and the synchronizer is matched with the first middle shaft gear and the second middle shaft gear respectively. The transmission is simple in structure; an adjusting range of a drive ratio can be extended; an economical speed range of a whole vehicle is extended; and the fuel economy of the whole vehicle is improved.


We have studied the magnetic states of self-organized Fe islands on W(001) by means of spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy (Sp-STS). Single-domain and vortex states in the nanoscale islands have been observed. The high-resolution magnetic images enable to experimentally determine the boundary between the single-domain and vortex states. The single-domain state was always found below a thickness of 6 nm and a diameter of 120 nm in Fe islands. The boundary directly observed with Sp-STS is consistent with theoretical predictions.


Different from previous 3D face modeling approaches that consider the whole facial area, the proposed method reconstructs 3D facial components for handling cross-pose recognition. It has two phases, component reconstruction and component-based recognition. In the reconstruction phase, we first extract four component regions, namely two eyes, nose and mouth, from each gallery face using the pose-invariant landmarks obtained by a modified version of a landmark detection algorithm. A 3D model of each component region is reconstructed using a constrained minimization scheme with a gender and ethnicity oriented 3D model as the reference. In the recognition phase, the pose of a given probe is determined by a set of landmarks which guides the rotation of the reconstructed components so that the reconstructed can be aligned to the probe components. The match is determined by the components instead of the whole faces so that different components can be considered at different poses. Experiments on the PIE and Multi-PIE databases show that the proposed component-based approach does not just outperform its holistic counterpart, but is also competitive to many contemporary methods.


The deep underwater Cherenkov neutrino telescope NT-200 is currently under construction at lake Baikal. Its first stage NT-36 consisting of 36 optical modules has operated over 2 years since April 1993 till March 1995. Here we present a method to search for nearly vertical upward going muons from neutralino annihilation in the center of the Earth. We present preliminary results obtained from experimental data taken with the NT-36 array in 1994.


Abstract The size of the 300-mb north circumpolar vortex and quadrants has been estimated between 1963 and 1989 by planimetering the area poleward of contours in the main belt of westerlies on the 300-mb mean-monthly polar-stereographic maps analyzed by the Meteorological Institute, Free University of Berlin. The annual-mean vortex was most contracted in 1989, 6.4% less than average size, and next most contracted in 1988, 4.6% less than average size. There have been three extensive vortex displacements during this period, the last toward the North Pacific and associated with the strong El Nino of 1982–83. Based on 108 seasonal deviations, there has been a significant correlation of −0.39 between sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific and vortex size three seasons later, that is, the vortex has tended to be contracted following El Nino. There has been a highly significant correlation of 0.45 between this SST and the size of quadrant 90°W-180° in the same season, that is, this "El N...


................................................................................................................................... ii DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ v DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ xii ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1: Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 1 1.


Elusive correspondence, minutes, surveys, and reports provide insights into the early development of the RRA and SSSR. The RRA has roots in the Institute of Social and Religious Research, Committee for Cooperative Field Research of the Federal Council of Churches, and its Augmented Technical Staff, in which H. Paul Douglass was a dominant leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. Academicians J. Paul Williams and Walter Houston Clark dominated early SSSR history. Both organizations advocated scientific methods for the study of religion. Despite overlapping interests and memberships, relationships between the two associations were often aloof, competitive, and even antagonistic during their early years, so opportunities forjoint ventures, as in journal publishing, were bungled. By the 1970s the distinctions between them and stereotypes about them had diminished and sporadic hostility was replaced with symbiotic cooperation.


Background: The ideal treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a highly debated issue. Opposition to pharmacological treatments has resulted in the popular use of non-pharmacological measures which are not necessarily efficacious for the management of ADHD. Objectives: The primary aim was to evaluate the treatment of children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in South Africa. Methods: The study consisted of two parts, a drug utilisation review (DUR) and questionnaire-based surveys. The DUR was conducted using a database containing central nervous system (CNS) drug prescriptions which were dispensed during 2008. A total of 21 650 prescriptions dispensed to 7 202 patients constituted the Primary study population which was analysed. The questionnaires were distributed to the parents/caregivers of children diagnosed with ADHD. A response rate of 20.81 percent was obtained. Results: The average age of patients in the DUR was 11.60 ±3.01 years. Male patients represented 74.09 percent (5 336: n = 7 202) of patients. Methylphenidate was the most commonly prescribed of the two drugs indicated for the treatment of ADHD (85.89 percent, 18 956: n = 21 650). A prescribing bias by practitioners in different parts of South Africa was identified. Drug holidays were identified during March and December of 2008. The average age of patients in the questionnaire was 10.67 ±2.83 years, with a male patient majority (86.11 percent, 31: n = 36). Methylphenidate was the most commonly used prescription treatment (93.75 percent, 30: n = 32). Drug holiday use was reported in 56.25 percent (18: n = 32) of patients. Most participants reported supplement use (83.33 percent, 30: n = 36), but 86.67 percent (26: n = 30) of these participants did not find them useful. Conclusion: ADHD is a poorly understood disorder which affects people in all spheres of life. Treatment of the disorder should be individualised and based on scientifically proven effectiveness. Further studies, both in South Africa and worldwide, need to be conducted on the treatment of ADHD


The present research aims to enhance the convective heat transfer coefficient inside the tube of the double pipe heat exchangers, this is carried out by mixing the water with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. In this study, the effects of nanofluid with different volume concentrations
 from 0 to 0.4%, flowrates of nanofluid inside the tube, and water flow through the annulus, and inlet temperature inside the tube were examined on the Nusselt number. From the analysis, experiential data found nanoparticles have a significant enhancement of the convective heat transfer coefficient
 inside the tube of the double pipe. The heat transfer coefficient inside the tube increases as the Reynolds numbers of the flow inside the tube, and water flow through the annulus increase. The convective heat transfer coefficients reached maximum values at 0.35% of the volume concentrations
 of CuO nanoparticles and then decreased as the increase of the volume concentrations increases. The fiction factor increases as the volume concentrations of nanoparticles increases. Empirical correlations are presented describing the Nusselt number and the friction factor of the nanofluid
 flow inside the tube of the double pipe and concealing the affecting parameters in such process.


Research on Business Analysis of Cap AA Powdered Coffee in Sidorejo Village, Central Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency aims to find out how much the production cost of Cap AA ground coffee in Sidorejo Village, Central Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency, how much revenue and income is obtained and whether the business is The production of Cap AA ground coffee in Sidorejo Village, Central Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency is efficient. This research was conducted in May 2021 – June 2021 in the Cap Cangkir AA ground coffee industry in Sidorejo Village, Central Curup District, Rejang Lebong Regency. The data analysis method used is cost analysis, revenue, income, R/C Ratio. The cost incurred in the AA stamped coffee powder business is Rp. 29,677,373/month or Rp. 1,978,492/ production. The total revenue from the Cap AA Coffee Powder business is Rp. 37,200,000 per month or an average of Rp. 2.480,000 per production, during the study period with a total operating income of Rp. 7,522,622 per month or an average of Rp. 501,508 per production. The results of the calculation of the R/C Ratio analysis show that the R/C ratio is 1.25. This means that each expenditure of Rp. 1.00 it will generate income of Rp. 1.25. Based on the R/C ratio value obtained with a value of more than 1, it can be said that Mr. Seno's AA powder coffee business is efficient and profitable.


Besides NETWARE 4.12 and NETWARE 5.0, the PC server of Pentium is installed the network operational system NOVELL, whose date and clock will be false when used after 2000. We can remedy the NOVEll operational system by using the upgraded server BIOS, as can solve the clock problem of Pentium server NOVELL operational system when properly used afterwards.


The paper discusses three onomastic essays written by Ivan Franko: Uwahy pro pohojdennia nazvi "boiki" (1895); Pritchinki do ukrainskoi onomastiki (1906) and Slidy Rusyniv u Semyhorodi (1911-1912). They define one of the learned, journalistic, and literary trends in this Ukrainian, also Polish, writer and scientist (1856-1916). In the studies under consideration the author showed the accuracy of his etymological analyses of ethnic names (Boiko, Lhemko), personal (of the type Iwancze, Paraszczeta, and Romanczata) and places of the type Dumbrawa, Moszna, Zlatna from the region of Transylvania in relation with ethnic, historical, and settlement conditions. What deserves a particular merit in these pioneer onomastic studies in the Ukrainian language is the author's methodological maturity. We can find in the way he noticed linguistic and non-linguistic complexities in the problems under study, and how prudent he was in deciding about more or less detailed research issues.


The main problems and prospects of nanotechnology's institutional regulation of the Russian Federation have been identified and discussed in the article. The features of the creation and marketing of nanotechnology in the country and abroad have been described. A new model of the regulatory regime and main ways of its implementation is proposed.


U l r r a s f r u c t u r e of t he E l e c t r o c e p t o r E p i d e r m i s of the Mormyr idae (Teleostei , Pisces) Summary. The weakly electric fish of the family Mormyridae have a three layered epidermis, with a medium layer consisting of hexagonal cells of only 0.22 am in thickness and about 60 am in diameter. The lens-shaped nuclei are about 2 am thick and 7.6 ~m in diameter and are situated near the border of the cells. The cells are piled up to hexagonal eolunms. Their margin is serrate and where it reaches the boundary of the cohmm, it has a thickness of about 0.34~xm. Close to the boundaries of the columns, the cells are litLked to their neighbours within the cohmm and of the adjoining column by desnmsomes. This layer of the epidermis is confined to those regions of the body surface which also contain electroreeeptors. The other layers of the epidermis have a structure as usual in fish, except for the lack of goblet cells. Key-Words: Electroeeptor epidermis Ultrastructure Mormyridae (Teleostei. Pisces).


A rhizobag experiment was conducted in desert solonchak and cultivated gray desert soils to investigate nutrient content and soil enzyme activity in the rhizospheres of six desert halophytes.The results show significant increase in total N and decrease in total P in the rhizosphere in comparison with bulk soil.Available N and P have inverse dynamics in that while available N decreases,available P increases,except for Phragmites communis Trin.Available N deficit is highest while accumulated available P is lowest in Salsola nitraria Pall among the six halophytes.Analysis for sucrase,protease,urease,neutral phospherease,alkaline phosphcrease and catalase activity as well as its relationship with soil nutrient content shows inverse dynamics for sucrase,protease and catalase in both soil rhizospheres.In solonchak soils,the activity of the three soil enzymes in the rhizosphere is generally higher than in bulk soils while that in cultivated gray-desert soils are lower.In solonchak soils,the activity of alkaline phosphcrease,catalase and inver-tase is significantly related with soil nutrient content,which could be a strong indicator of soil nutrient status.The results suggest significant impact of halophyte on enzyme activity in desert solonchak.


Effective reasoning about electric circuits requires a solid understanding of voltage and potential. However, most students fail to correctly analyze electric circuits as they tend to reason exclusively with current and resistance. To address these difficulties, a new curriculum based on the electron gas model was developed and empirically evaluated in a study with 790 students from Frankfurt, Germany. The study follows a pretest-posttest-control-group design and uses a recognized two-tier diagnostic test instrument, which also allows evaluating common alternative conceptions. The results of the diagnostic assessment are very promising; students taught according to the new curriculum not only develop a significantly better conceptual understanding of voltage, but also show achievement gains of about twice that of their traditionally taught peers.


OBJECTIVE To survey the status of reproductive health of unmarried migrant female in Shenzhen City,Bao'an Area,to know it's problems and factors which influence the level of reproductive health,so to provide evidence for the furthur interventions. METHODS This study was designed as a randomized sampling at three factoies in Bao'an Area,Shenzhen City,and a structured questionnaire was conducted among those samples. RESULTS 50.7% subjects kown one or more contraceptive methods, and down to 19.2% subjects kown three or more contraceptive methods,which was related with age,education background,migrant life and wether have male partners;The understanding rate of STD was 58.5%,the factors which influence the understanding of the spread of AIDS knowledge were education background,migrant life and wether have male partners;50.6% unmarried migrant famale opposed to premarital sex,and which has correlation with age, migrant life and wether have male partners;The incidence rate of premarital sex was 36.1%,the risk factors include age, migrant life and whether have male partners. CONCLUSIONS The unmarried migrant workers were short of reproductive health knowledge,and their self-protection sense were also poor,the rate of sexual misconduct were common,hence,actions of interventions must be taken by relative departments in order to improve the reproductive health of the unmarried migrant female.


Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important source of staple food in Kenya. Research innovations and physical inputs, and the capacity of farmers to use them are major ingredients for crop productivity enhancement. This study evaluated agricultural extension training and formal education as elements of farmers' capacity to use innovations and inputs. The study was conducted in a rural setup of North Rift in Kenya. Data were gathered by use of interview schedules through cross-sectional survey from 502 households sampled purposively and by simple random sampling. Welch's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to test for differences between means. 42.8% of the participants reported that they had not received agricultural extension training, 57.2% had. 65.2% had up to primary level education, 34.8% had secondary and above. Formal education up to primary was regarded as basic. Results indicated that fertilizer-use rates and maize yields differed significantly between groups 'who had received Extension training' and those who 'had not been trained'; t (482.785) = -9.228, P = .000 and t (496.513) = -7.095, P = .000, respectively. Regarding formal education, fertilizer-use rates and maize yields differed significantly between 'basic education' category and 'higher than basic'; t (332.28) = -5.699, P = .000 and t (290.29) = -5.438, P = .000 respectively. The alternative Mann-Whitney U test showed similar results. Effect sizes as measured by Eta-squared (ƞ2) ranged from .06 (medium) to .1445 (large). It is concluded that Agricultural extension training had a highly significant influence on maize productivity. Formal education showed a positive impact on fertilizer-use adoption and maize productivity. This study has significance in the formulation of policy on agricultural extension training and investments to ensure all segments of society are equipped with relevant information for crop yield enhancement and food security.


This paper explores the way that Pier Paolo Pasolini's film recreates the stereotype of Medea. Using film analysis and based on cultural studies the article asks about the importance and potential power of cinema to recover the ancient myth and show their effects. The analysis expands horizons for the understanding of the mechanisms that link the network of meanings of the film, where the author offers a new vision of Medea's archetype.


Targeting the rapid development, with reduced complexity, of power converters control techniques, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based platform is proposed. The aim of the platform is to provide an effective support to the developer in the error-prone process associated to a traditional FPGA design flow. This work also enables remote hardware reconfiguration, and networking monitoring of power converters.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method by which a carbon material capable of being molded without using a binder is produced at a low cost. SOLUTION: The method for producing the tablet-like carbon material comprises obtaining tablet-like wet gel by reacting a phenol compound and an aldehyde compound in a disk-like vessel in the presence of water and a catalyst, substituting water in the wet gel with a hydrophilic organic solvent, freeze drying, and firing the tablet-like dried gel in an inert atmosphere, and further activating it as occasion demands. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI


Let B be a commutative ring with 1, let G be a finite group of automorphisms of B, and let A be the subring of G-invariant elements of ß. There exists a G-stable, unramified .4-subalgebra of B which contains every unramified ,4-subalgebra of B. Throughout this paper B will denote a given commutative ring with 1. G will denote a given finite group of automorphisms of B, and A will denote the subring of G-invariant elements of B. Following the terminology of [l], an A-subalgebra A of B will be called unramified if A^/pAfj is a separable algebra over Ap/'fiAp for every prime ideal p. in A, where Ap (resp. A p ) is the ring of fractions of A (resp. A ) with respect to the complement of )o in A. Lemma. Let m be a maximal ideal of A, and suppose A is an Asubalgebra of B such that A /A m is a separable A/m-algebra. (i) The homomorphism of A /A m into B/Bm induced by the inclusion map of A into B is an injection, by which A /A'm may be identified with a subalgebra of B/Bm. (ii) The dimension of the algebra A'/A m over the field A/m does not exceed the order of G. (iii) A'/A'm and the subring of G-invariant elements of ß/ßm are linearly disjoint subalgebras of the A/m-algebra B/Bru. Proof. Note that A /A m is a finite-dimensional algebra over the field A/m. More generally, a separable algebra over a commutative ring which is a projective module over that ring is finitely generated as a module by [6, Proposition l.l]. Therefore A'/A'm is a semisimple algebra by [4, Chapter Received by the editors August 28, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 13B05, 13B10, 13B15.


Operation of elastomeric materials in the extreme climatic conditions of the North is a complex and expensive, since not always existing materials can provide the required level of low-temperature characteristics (down to-60 ° C). This leads to failure of machines and mechanisms, equipment downtime, additional costs for repair or replacement of rubber parts. The need for such materials is continuously growing due to the intensive development of the northern territories, the need to develop new mineral deposits and development of offshore hydrocarbon production. Propylene oxide rubber (Tg = -73 °С) and epichlorohydrin rubber Hydrin T6000 (Tg = -60 °С) have unique frost resistance, but there is a need to improve aggressive media resistance, wear resistance and relaxation properties (the ability to restore its shape after relieving the load). For the modification of rubbers, additives of both organic and inorganic nature were chosen: ultrafine polytetrafluoroethylene, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nanodiamond-containing carbon charge obtained by detonation synthesis, shungite, natural zeolites and bentonite clays. The operating properties of rubber were studied in accordance with standard methods. The structure of the obtained materials was studied by means of DSC, XRD, electron and atomic force microscopy. All developed materials are recommended for use in various industries (oil and gas, road, rail) in the Arctic regions with extreme climatic conditions.


There are most likely considerable differences between running schools in rural areas and in big cities. Research has not paid attention to these differences and therefore, there is a lack of knowl ...


Glucocorticoid hormones exert a wide spectrum of metabolic and immunological effects. They are synthesized from a cholesterol precursor and are structurally related to the other steroid hormones, progesterone, aldosterone and oestrogen. They act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The GR is an intracellular receptor; the hydrophobic ligand accesses its receptor by diffusion across the plasma membrane. The ligand‐activated GR translocates to the nucleus to regulate expression of its target genes. The GR, in common with the rest of the receptor family, can be functionally divided into an N‐terminal transcription activation domain, a central DNA binding domain and a C‐terminal ligand binding domain, which also includes a second transactivation domain. Although synthetic glucocorticoids are the most potent anti‐inflammatory agents known, their use is limited owing to the range and severity of their side‐effects. The structure of the ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor has now been solved, and a series of studies has shown that even subtle changes to the ligand structure alter the final conformation of the ligand–receptor complex, with consequences for further protein recruitment and for the function of the receptor. This, coupled with the successful development of selective oestrogen receptor agonists, has led to concerted efforts to find selective GR ligands, with preserved beneficial anti‐inflammatory activity, but reduced side‐effect profile. Current efforts have identified several useful tool compounds, and further molecules are in development in several pharmaceutical companies.


Despite progress in technology, workplace safety in small scale manufacturing industries (SSMIs) still lacks the required attention. Occupational safety of workers is one of the major concerns for organizations as it involves a number of factors that affect many direct and indirect costs of the industry. To this end, the current study was conducted in order to determine the key factors that affect workplace safety. A total of nine main factors and twenty-two sub-factors were identified and then prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Opinions from experienced and proficient experts were recorded on a framed questionnaire for all the above factors. The effectiveness of the study was ensured by maintaining a consistency ratio of less than 10% for the factors and sub-factors. The factor personal protective equipment was found to have the highest Eigen vector of 27.4%, and therefore the highest priority. Organizational attributes and hygiene are the factors that demand the next level of priority, whereas, equipment and hand tools safety and machine guarding, and material handling are the factors requiring the least priority. The outcome of this analysis enables the small scale manufacturing industries to effectively implement safety measures by giving priority to the factors in the order specified by the study. This would empower the organizational safety standards and benefit not only the employees but also the employers without considerable costs.


Al doped zinc oxide (AZO) as anode for bulk-heterojunction [regioregular of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):(6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)] organic solar cells was investigated. We got efficient flexible solar cells with a highly transparent and electrical conductive NiO film as hole-transporting layer (HTL) on optimized AZO substrate. The strcture of this kind of devices is PET/AZO/NiO/P3HT: PCBM /Al. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) on glass substrate is 3.15%, and 1.66% on flexible substrate. The physical and electrical properties of AZO thin film were discussed, and the device photovoltaic characteristics were investigated in detail.


The present invention discloses a packaging material of construction of a wire, a core and an intermediate surface coating composition, the intermediate core is a tungsten wire, a gold plating layer surface. Processing method: molding, extruding a whole tungsten powder into rods; pre-sintering, sintering the rod into the hydrogen furnace, a high temperature metal particles agglomerate, compactness can reach about 60% to 70%; entirely vertical furnace sintering the compact of tungsten rod reaches about 85% to 95%, of the internal tungsten rod crystals begin to form; power, cooling; extrusion forging process using a hammer forging machine beat until reaches 6350-2540 microns in diameter; and then by drawing drawing die, so that the diameter of 12.7 microns, made of tungsten wire; tungsten gold plating: thickness of about 2 microns gold plating, made of tungsten having an inner packaging material of the outer conductor of the gold structure. The present invention avoids the problems derived from the use of copper, gold and reduce the amount of cost reduction.


Objective:To discuss the optimal reconstruction techniques of multi-slice spiral CT angiography in displaying coronary artery and arterio-stenosis.Methods:36 patients who were suspected with coronary heart disease were studied by 16-slice spiral CT.Maximum intensity projection (MIP),curved planar reconstruction (CPR),volume rendering technique (VRT) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images were obtained to display coronary arteris.The results were compared with routine coronary artery angiography (CAG) by two radiologists.Results:289 coronary artery segments (vessel diameter 2mm) could be displayed by MSCT in these 36 patients.The axial images showed the highest accuracy (95%) in evaluating normal and stenotic coronary arteries (vessel diameter 50% of normal).MIP and CPR Images were distinct and the accuracy of MIP and CPR in evaluating 106 normal coronary artery segments was 90.2% and 93.4% respectively.The accuracy of MIP and CPR in assessing 183 stenotic coronary artery segments (vessel diameter 50% of normal) was 85.3% and 86.3% respectively.The course and morphology of coronary artery in three-dimensions could be revealed directly and clearly by VRT,but pseudo-stenosis of normal coronary artery were created in 48 of the 106 normal coronary artery segments.The whole course of coronary artery could not be showed by MPR,also the MPR images were indistinct,therefore MPR is not the technique of choice for evaluating coronary artery.Conclusion:Axial images、CPR and MIP were the optimal reconstruction techniques in evaluating coronary artery and stenosis.VRT and MPR could be used as an additional diplaying approach.


Resources excavation has very important meaning to arrange out-migratory immigrants for project construction.Based on the survey of the arranging position of the Three-gorge immigrants in Dafeng City,Jiangsu Province,the paper analyzes the problem of resources excavation during the community arrangement.These are mainly the use of idle resources of houses and lands,the rebuilding of social network resources,the development of human resources to immigrants and the startup of investment resources,and etc.


Despite of the volume and weight advantages of the micro-machined electromechanical system (MEMS) inertial navigation system (INS), potential large noise, calibration bias and system drift of these INS sensors could significantly degrade the positioning performance and restrict their applications. In order to improve the positioning performance, corrections are always required from alternative positioning techniques. One of the preferred techniques to correct the INS positioning errors in the environments of GPS outage is radio frequency identification (RFID) positioning technique. In this paper, the error sources of the 2D MEMS INS are investigated. Two correction parameters, including offset correction and scaling correction, are introduced to correct the INS positioning results. A novel RFID-assisted scaling correction algorithm is introduced to determine the scaling correction parameters of the INS. The RFID deterministic cell of origin (CoO) and probabilistic CoO assisted algorithms are developed to improve the positioning accuracy. An RFID-assisted 2D MEMS INS positioning system has been built to implement the algorithms developed. Field experiments were conducted in Yarra Bend Park, Melbourne, Australia. Trimble R8 RTK system was used as a positioning reference to evaluate those new algorithms developed. Results show that the RFID-assisted 2D MEMS INS positioning algorithms can provide continuous positioning results and reduce the positioning error from 1300 meters using the INS alone to 10-30 meters. Compared with the RFID deterministic CoO assisted algorithm, the probabilistic CoO assisted algorithm involves more information of the received signal strength (RSS) measurements, produces a more flexible cell size, reduces the possibility of missing cells and improves the positioning performance.


Simple Summary In ruminant feeding, the use of diets containing seaweeds could be a valuable alternative to conventional diets. The objective of this work was to investigate the ruminal fermentation, growth rate and methane production in sheep fed a diet including Porphyra sp. compared with diets including clover silage or soybean meal. Including Porphyra sp. had little impact on ruminal fermentation and methane production both in vitro and in vivo. Lambs fed Porphyra sp. had a similar growth rate to those fed a diet including soybean meal, confirming previous in vitro and in situ observations on the high-quality protein of Porphyra sp. in ruminant feed. Abstract The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential of Porphyra sp. as an alternative source of protein to soybean meal in diets for sheep. Our experimental treatments included a control diet (CON) based on grass silage and crushed oats and three diets containing protein supplements, clover silage (CLO), soybean meal (SOY) or Porphyra sp. (POR) to increase dietary crude protein concentrations. We studied its effects on rumen fermentation, growth rate and methane emissions. Ruminal fermentation characteristics, kinetics of gas production and methane production were studied in vitro by using batch cultures inoculated with rumen inoculum from sheep. There were no differences among diets in total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production or in the VFA profile in vitro. Across treatments, we measured no differences in methane production either in vitro or in vivo, and we saw no noticeable antimethanogenic effect of Porphyra sp. The present in vivo trial with lambs showed no differences in average daily weight gain when fed diets including Porphyra sp. or soybean meal diets (250 and 254 g/d, respectively). We conclude that Porphyra sp. has a protein value similar to high-quality protein sources like soybean meal.


A phosphate mining waste, called Feral is produced during the processing of a phosphate rich alumina (25wt% P2O5, 27wt% Al2O3, 9.53 wt% Fe2O3) which makes up the Lam-Lam deposit in western Senegal (Fig. 1). Lam-Lam is one of the few aluminium phosphate deposits in the world. These unweathered Al-phosphates are mined by the Societe Senegalaise des Phosphates de Taiba (SSPT) near the village of Lam Lam, northwest of Thies. These phosphates occur as 7 m thick layers under a thick iron crust. Proven reserves of this deposit are 4 million tones of marketable product with an average grade of 33% P2O5. Only 1.5 million tones of these reserves have an overburden of less than 24 m (McClellan and Notholt 1986).


This study attempted to measure three different physiological responses to food intake in eating disordered subjects. Skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate and electroencephalogram were recorded before, during and after a test-meal in 42 females (14 anorexic inpatients, 10 bulimic outpatients and 18 control subjects). Significant increase in SCL during the meal was found in anorexics only. Pre-meal SCL was lower in bulimics than in controls and anorexics. No changes were found on heart rate or electroencephalogram in all groups of subjects. This suggests that anorexic inpatients may display a measurable arousal when confronted with a meal, whereas bulimic outpatients and control subjects do not. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.


There seems to be an increasing requirement for university courses and programs to develop students' affective qualities (beliefs, values, dispositions and attitudes). This study explored the ways academics determined what the desirable qualities were for their particular disciplines and the pedagogical strategies and approaches they used to develop them. The participants were able to articulate certain beliefs, values and attitudes that were central to their discipline, although they appeared to be assumed and somewhat tacit in nature. The teaching and assessing of affective qualities was seen as problematic by the participants in the study owing to inadequate policy structures of the University, but the data revealed some practical teaching approaches. It was clear from this initial study that there is still a great deal of research and scholarship required in this area.


set of standards and values held in common by the group' (118). Her book contains rather less on the mechanics and economics of death and disposal – on the running of cemeteries, for example – and there are places where more comparison with practices elsewhere in Europe might have been welcome, to assess the degree to which German practices and mentalities may have formed a special case or to which they reflected the European mainstream. Nevertheless, Monica Black's phenomenally well-researched (and well-illustrated) study is a treasure trove of information and insights into the cultural history of modern Germany during the decades of its greatest upheavals – an impressive achievement. It is to be hoped that the publisher will be moved to bring out a paperback edition.


The purpose of this article is briefly presents the experience of the "Reference Center in Human Rights" of the Universidade Federal da Paraiba (CRDH/UFPB) as an mechanism of university extension and research in human rights. After a short historical and theoretical route, we reflect on the process of creation of thematics research and extension projects and what its main challenges currently, with the recent creation of a multidisciplinary team. This process inidicate a more integrated approach between the construction of the knowledges and practices with social demands combinated with the necessary technical, political and legal actions in an interdisciplinary way to fight human rights violations.