The ionic polymerization of substituted o-quinodimethanes via thermal isomerization of benzocyclobutenes is described. In the cationic polymerizations of 1-methoxy-o-quinodimethane in the presence of various cationic initiators at 110 °C for 12 h, chain transfer reactions also considerably underwent besides the polymerization. Meanwhile, cationic polymerizations of 1-trimethylsilyloxy-o-quinodimethane under the same conditions gave good yields of the corresponding polymer. Anionic polymerizations of 1-cyano-o-quinodimethane in the presence of anionic initiators such as n-BuLi or t-BuOK were performed at various temperatures for 12 h. Good yields of hexane-insoluble polymer, which was produced by anionic polymerization of corresponding o-quinodimethane as an intermediate, were obtained above 120 °C. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 844–850, 2008


In order to investigate the dependence of friction properties on gender and body parameters,friction experiments between fabrics(a group of woven fabrics and a group of knitted fabrics) and 20 volunteers′(10 male and 10 female)inside forearm skin are carried out with a fabric-skin friction tester.It is found that there is a significant difference of friction between female and male skin when rubbing with some fine and smooth fabrics.The dynamic friction between female skin and fabrics are significantly larger than the male′s.Gender difference basically has no influence on the coefficient of mean deviation of the dynamic friction between fabric and skin.In addition,there are not any significant differences of friction and their coefficient of mean deviation between fabrics and skin in terms of human body height,weight,age and body mass index within 20-30 age group.


In a process for removal of undesirable compounds from mineral oil (1) an alkali-metal-containing dispersion (11) is supplied to the mineral oil (1). The feeding enables a uniform distribution of the alkali metal and thus a quick response with undesirable compounds. The undesirable compounds, it may be sulfur-containing compounds, silicon compounds and aromatics. As reactor (3) a distillation system can be used.


Today, sci-tech consultation and decision-making pursue fair, impartial and authoritative, sci-tech consultation expert management system plays a role in the work of science and technology management with its unique features. The article reviews the development history and application of sci-tech consultation expert management system, analyzes the main problems, and proposes innovative ideas for integration of resources, collaborative management, knowledge base assisted counseling.


demonstration that surgical innovation was slow and often uncertain when chronicled day by day. It is a pity that the author, having surveyed such vast information and having gained such insight into the realities of innovation, should not have attempted some analysis or synthesis of his material. Perhaps another volume is in preparation: let us hope it is a slimmer one. David Hamilton University Department of Surgery, Glasgow


Nanocomposites were prepared by blending soy protein isolate with different percentage of MMT by melt extrusion technique. The nanocomposites were characterized by using, XRD, TEM, SEM and TGA methods. The XRD studies indicated the absence of diffraction peaks for the bio-nanocomposites. From the TEM studies it was ascertained that the degree of exfoliation increased with increase in MMT content. The morphology of the nanocomposites was ascertained from the SEM studies. The degradation pattern of the nano-composites was evaluated from the TG analysis. The drug delivery system of the nanocmposites was investigated by blending the nanocomposites with ofloxacin at different pH media. The various kinetic parameters were evaluated and the mechanism of drug delivery has been postulated based on the kinetic data.


Polyurethane/ureas including hydrophilic moieties and alkoxysilane groups of formula (I) where X is O or NR; R is H, C-C alkyl, Substituted C-C, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or benzyl, Y is C-C linear and branched alkylene; and Z is an organic group inert to isocyanate groups below 100 C. At least one Z group is an alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The polyurethane/urea can be in an aqueous dispersion, which can be used to prepare coatings. The dispersion is prepared by (ii) reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a high molecular weight polyol, optionally a low molecular weight isocyanate-reactive compound, an isocyan ate-reactive compound containing hydrophilic groups, and/or an amine chain extender forming a prepolymer; (ii) reacting the prepolymer in (i) with a compound of


S IN ENGLISH ............................................................. 91 DOI: 10.21637/GT.2016.1.04. Improving Electronic Communication between Organizations and Local Government in the Western Region of Romania


PURPOSE
To determine the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia in a general hospital and to describe the clinical characteristics, therapy, and outcome of patients with bacteremic tuberculosis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Clinical charts of all patients in whom M tuberculosis was isolated from blood cultures during a 5-year period were reviewed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by means of a nonradiometric blood culture system.

RESULTS
Of 285 patients with culture-proved tuberculosis in whom blood cultures were obtained, 50 (14%) had M tuberculosis bacteremia. Of 42 patients analyzed, 34 (81%) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and eight (19%) were not infected with HIV. Blood was the only or the first positive specimen in 14 patients (33%). Most HIV-infected patients (79%) were intravenous drug users, and 40 (88%) had clinical and/or radiologic evidence of involvement of one or more organs. Lungs were affected in 71% of the patients. In-hospital mortality was 18% in HIV-infected patients with mycobacteremia. Among eight non-HIV-infected patients, four had an underlying disease, and none was immunosuppressed. Disseminated disease was diagnosed in three patients. Two patients died as a consequence of tuberculosis in this group.

CONCLUSIONS
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia is common in HIV-infected patients and is possible in nonimmunosuppressed subjects. Blood cultures are helpful in making the diagnosis of tuberculosis and can help establish a diagnosis of disseminated infection.


This research deals with creating a hydrodynamic combined sewerage overflow chamber model an ANSYS Workbench 19.2, Fluid Flow (Fluent). The 3D graphics model was created in the SpaceClaim modeling software, which serves as the basis for hydrodynamic modeling. The model was created according to a real combined sewerage overflow chamber in Banská Bystrica. The cores of the work are simulations that should correspond to the estimated flow in the combined sewerage overflow chamber. The aim of this paper is to compare the impact of inflow speed and flow rakes.


Preparation for summer workshop – model making of a superadobe dome ArchiLOVE – Student Research Group – coordinated by M.M. Kolakowski [Organisation, facilitation]


Extracellular nucleotides regulate macrophage function via P2X nucleotide receptors that form ligand‐gated ion channels. In particular, P2X7 activation is characterized by pore formation, membrane blebbing, and cytokine release. P2X7 is also linked to mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Rho‐dependent pathways, which are known to affect cytoskeletal structure in other systems. As cytoskeletal function is critical for macrophage behavior, we have tested the importance of these pathways in actin filament reorganization during P2X7 stimulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We observed that the P2X7 agonists adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) and 3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl) ATP (BzATP) stimulated actin reorganization and concomitant membrane blebbing within 5 min. Disruption of actin filaments with cytochalasin D attenuated membrane blebbing but not P2X7‐dependent pore formation or extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/ERK2 and p38 activation, suggesting that these latter processes do not require intact actin filaments. However, we provide evidence that p38 MAPK and Rho activation but not ERK1/ERK2 activation is important for P2X7‐mediated actin reorganization and membrane blebbing. First, activation of p38 and Rho was detected within 5 min of BzATP treatment, which is coincident with membrane blebbing. Second, the p38 inhibitors SB202190 and SB203580 reduced nucleotide‐induced blebbing and actin reorganization, whereas the MAPK kinase‐1/2 inhibitor U0126, which blocks ERK1/ERK2 activation, had no discernable effect. Third, the Rho‐selective inhibitor C3 exoenzyme and the Rho effector kinase, Rho‐associated coiled‐coil kinase, inhibitor Y‐27632, markedly attenuated BzATP‐stimulated actin reorganization and membrane blebbing. These data support a model wherein p38‐ and Rho‐dependent pathways are critical for P2X7‐dependent actin reorganization and membrane blebbing, thereby facilitating P2X7 involvement in macrophage inflammatory responses.


A wastegate assembly, a turbocharger assembly including a wastegate assembly, is described. Wastegate assembly includes a housing enclosing both actuator and valve. Valve actuator and is operably linked, the housing terminates in a crushing seal. Also, the housing for mounting the crushing seal turbocharger wastegate opening and sealing engagement with, and includes a mounting member connectable to the turbocharger. Turbocharger assembly includes a housing enclosing a common turbine and compressor wheel are both operatively coupled on a shaft defining an axis of rotation, removably attached to the outlet end of the housing and adjacent to the turbine and a wastegate assembly extending from the housing is and in a direction away from the turbine and compressor wheel. Here, the waste gate assembly includes a parallel longitudinal axis and the rotation axis.


This paper introduces design characteristics and operation results of carbon emission trading system of New Zealand.The conclusion is that taking forest carbon trade as the only one supplying source of greenhouse gas emission improves the foreseeability in forest maintenance,and strengthens the effect of afforestation.According to this,the author suggest that carbon emission trading market in which forest carbon trade is the only one supplying source should be cultivated in China.A compensation mechanism that industry compensates forestry should be established.A social participated,highly united,coordinated and mutual intermediated carbon trading market should be built.


Identifying whether a given genetic mutation results in a gene product with increased (gain-of-function; GOF) or diminished (loss-of-function; LOF) activity is an important step toward understanding disease mechanisms as they may result in markedly different clinical phenotypes. Here, we generated the first extensive database of all currently known germline GOF and LOF pathogenic mutations by employing natural language processing (NLP) on the available abstracts in the Human Gene Mutation Database. We then investigated various gene- and protein-level features of GOF and LOF mutations by applying machine learning and statistical analyses to identify discriminative features. We found that GOF mutations were enriched in essential genes, autosomal dominant inheritance, protein binding and interaction domains, whereas LOF mutations were enriched in singleton genes, protein-truncating variants, and protein core regions. We developed a user-friendly web-based interface that enables the extraction of selected subsets from the GOF/LOF database by a comprehensive set of annotated features, and downloading up-to-date versions (https://itanlab.shinyapps.io/goflof/). These results could ultimately improve our understanding of how mutations affect gene/protein function thereby guiding future treatment options.


The toxicity of the antiviral drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine was studied in vivo on murine hemopoietic progenitor cells and peripheral blood cells. The drug induced a marked decrease of all tested populations, showing a severe toxicity on hemopoiesis.


This document presents a performance comparison of three 2D SLAM techniques available in ROS: Gmapping, Hec-torSLAM and CRSM SLAM. These algorithms were evaluated using a Roomba 645 robotic platform with differential drive and a RGB-D Kinect sensor as an emulator of a scanner lasser. All tests were realized in static indoor environments. To improve the quality of the maps, some rosbag files were generated and used to build the maps in an off-line way.


In this paper, some difficulties engineering students of a developing country face when taking modern physics courses are analyzed. Starting from a descriptive approach, basic research was done. Results led the process to a second stage, in which some novel techniques for lecturing had to be devised. Additionally, the lack of facilities in our institution was a key factor at the time of deciding the incorporation of online learning resources. This simple research produced great results, some of which are presented in numerical comparison tables. One lecturing technique, developed around the idea of interactive game learning, is presented and analyzed. Further improvements to the teaching and learning process developed can be easily derived.


304 than serious academic research. There is no doubt about the thoroughness of his investigations. My final quibbles refer to minor points: one is the small print or font of the Ateneo Press version, making reading the text sometimes difficult; the other is a presumably mistaken reference on page 78 to a domestic worker returning home to purchase 10,000 hectares for her poor relatives. I congratulate the academic institutions in Singapore (NUS Press) and Kyoto (Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University) for recognizing the importance of these essays and encouraging their republication as a book. I can only hope that studies of this standard become more common among Filipino scholars and their Southeast Asian counterparts. Aguilar has shown us the great merits of exhaustive scholarship combined with lucid writing. We remain in his debt.


In the 21st century - the era of big data science - chemical risk assessment procedures remain woefully dependent upon a suite of basic toxicological assays that offer little, if any, biochemical information pertaining to the underlying mechanism of toxicity. Metabolomics, defined as the holistic study of all naturally occurring, low molecular weight metabolites present within a biological system, holds huge potential as a tool to fill this knowledge gap, and thereby, to revolutionise the chemical risk assessment process through provision of rich molecular information . Owing to on-going challenges in the area of metabolite identification, however, which ultimately serves to impede derivation of biological knowledge from metabolomics data sets, the full potential of the metabolomics platform has yet to be realised in the context of (eco-)toxicological research. In this thesis, I present the experiments undertaken in establishing a bespoke bioanalytical workflow specifically designed and optimised to resolve this bottleneck. Ultimately, I demonstrate application of select components of this workflow in the characterisation of the metabolome of D. magna, a model organism for eco-toxicological research.


Lawrence Feldman, MD, of the division of hematology and oncology in the department of medicine at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and a team of researchers received a grant to explore addiction, abuse, and new ways to prescribe opioids.


The paper presents the main descriptive statistics indicators of an exploratory study regarding resident's attitude as potential tourists towards sustainable tourism and willingness to pay in Mures County, Romania. The results show us that 61.2 % of potential tourists are willingness to pay more for product and services that have an explicit component that protect nature, by 16.2% more those whose work is related to environmental protection, most of them (49.2%) accepting a higher price (between 5-10%) for those services.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability in the elder population. OA is a chronic disorder characterized by joint pain and inflammation, increasing physical disability and continuous cartilage degeneration.The changes of lubricating properties of synovial fluid lead to significant pain and loss of function. One of the strategies uses the high molecular weight molecule hyaluronic acid as either an injectable treatment. The injection of hyaluronic acid in the joints, improves the biochemical properties of synovial fluid into osteoarthritis of knee joints. The clinical effect is pain relief and disease modifying activity. Hyaluronic acid is a relatively new treatment that has shown varied results through several clinical trials. It can be used as a scaffold for engineering new treatments and several new preparations have been just added to the markets.


Signal generator is widely used in the field of electronics. In this paper, an embedded chip STM32F103C8T6 and direct synthesis of frequency chip AD9833 are used to design a signal generator that output is sinusoidal wave, triangular wave and square wave. Key and decoder are used to switch waveform and adjust frequency in the range of 1–5 MHz. Finally, error analysis of the output waveform frequency is performed.


Organ transplantation represents a continually expanding field of medicine, and with each innovative method for subverting the natural process of host immunity, new and unusual presentations for virus infections have occurred. With the increasing use of xenotransplantation, the concern about introducing viral zoonoses increases. But from a management standpoint, CMV, EBV, adenovirus (AV), and hepatitis virus infections consume a major focus of attention. However, certain unusual infections such as rabies, West Nile virus, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) can be a concern after transplantation and are discussed in this chapter. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) produces disease principally in the immunologically impaired individual and, in doing so, demonstrates considerable variability in the types of clinical syndromes that are seen in different at-risk groups. In the transplant population, all aspects of the clinical manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can be seen, and for this reason, EBV is among the most important infectious problems after either hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or solidorgan transplantation (SOT). The common respiratory virus infections, i.e., with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, and human metapneumovirus, occur in transplant patients, and except for the potential for serious pulmonary complications, the infections are not qualitatively different from those seen in otherwise healthy populations. The chapter also talks about adenovirus (AV) infection and herpesviruses.


Foramen tympanicum or Foramen Huschke is a bony defect in the tympanic part of temporal bone that persists after 5 years of age. Due to this, there is a chance of discharge in the ear leading to perisistent otitis externa , herniation of soft tissue into auditory canal and due to the communication there is higher chances of parotid infections to be transmitted into the EAC . The present study was conducted on 40 dried human crania .The tympanic part of temporal bone that forms the inferior wall of external auditory canal was studied to find any developmental defect - foramen tympanicum . Out of all crania studied , foramen tympanicum was observed on right side in two crania and on both sides in one cranium .The persistant foramen can produce clinical complications like fistula formation or herniation of tissues into external auditary canal.. Knowledge of this embryological defect is useful for ENT and Maxillofacial surgeons to avoid complications during operative procedures of this region and also to diagnose rare clinical presentations like persistent or chronic pain in the region of Temporomandibular joint.


Seismic safety evaluation of concrete gravity dams is very important because failure of concrete gravity dam may incur huge loss of life and properties around the dam as well as damage to dam structure itself. Recently, there has been growing much concerns about earthquake resistance or seismic safety of existing concrete gravity darns designed before current seismic design provisions were implemented. This research develops the dynamic fluid pressure calculation using 'added mass simulation'. The actual analysis using structural analysis package was performed. According to the analysis results, the vibration which is transverse to water flow seems to be very critical depending on the shape of the dam.


This paper presents a study and analysis of high efficiency CMOS power amplifier (PA) for Internet of Thing (IoT) application. The studied mainly focused on the topology employed in designing high efficiency PA in gigahertz range frequencies. This study covers the basic class-E PA and the topologies in designing class-E PA such as single-stage, two-stage, multistage and differential. The circuits structure and the performances of class-E PA is discussed. The analysis is focusing on the efficiency of the proposed PA. The latest CMOS PAs developments have been studied and a summarization of the performance specification for different topologies are elaborated.


The support vector machine (SVM) is a classification technique based on the structural risk minimization principle. A new classificatio method, support vector machine ensemble, is proposed in this paper. This method includes two procedures. Firstly, it gives the sub-forecast of a new sampl using sub-SVM which is obtained by Bagging or Boosting, and then, combine these sub-forecasts to decide the final class. Compared with the single suppo vector machine method, the support vector machine ensemble method has better classification accuracy.


The PARI Journal 16(2):1-30 © 2015 Ancient Cultures Institute ballplayers are found preferentially at sites that show some kind of interconnection and a greater degree of affinity to the kings of the Snake-head dynasty that had its seat at Calakmul in the Late Classic (see Martin 2005). This then is the idea that is proposed in this paper, and by reviewing some salient examples from a selection of sites in the Maya lowlands, we hope to make it clear that the commemoration of ballgame engagements wherein local rulers confront their overlord are characteristic of the political rhetoric that was fostered by the vassals of the Snake-head kings. The basis of such rhetoric stems from what we might call the "athletic hegemonism" of the Snake-head kings, much akin to the performance of hegemons in the Olympic games of ancient Greece or the more eccentric and hubristic Roman emperors who performed as gladiators (e.g., Scarre 1995; Golden 1998; Kyle 2007). The predilection of these monuments to commemorate ties of vassalage and fealty finds some support in the composition as well as the pairing of text and image on the panels of Tipan, which we will describe, below. To conclude, we discuss the possible connections that the ruling elite of Tipan once maintained with neighboring polities, in particular Naranjo, and what these findings imply for patterns of greater networks of allegiances with the Snake-head kings. Before this, however, For Love of the Game: The Ballplayer Panels of Tipan Chen Uitz in Light of Late Classic Athletic Hegemony ThePARI Journal


The present study was carried out to investigate potential of halophilic bacteria to induce plant resistance as well as to promote growth of tomato. The results indicated that halophilic bacteria were able to induce PR-proteins and total proteins in treating tomato. Among four halophilic bacteria tested, strain M3-23 of Virgibacillus marismortui was strongly able to induce PR-proteins, especially chitinase and glucanase produced by tomato plants infected by Botrytis cinerea . The tomato growth was also promoted by the halophilic bacteria. Furthermore, in vitro antifungal activities proved the most efficiency of strain J9 of Bacillus subtilis as well as the strain J31of Terribacillus halophilus on mycelial biomass reduction, hyphae destruction and inhibition of spore germination of the fungal pathogen. This study demonstrates the efficacy of the halophilic bacteria to improve tomato defense and protection against stem canker.


The Tibetan Plateau weather system produce an important effect on the precipitation of Tibetan Plateau and its downstream region.The Plateau low vortex is active on the plateau as one important weather system.Applications of TRMM satellite provide a new way to research the Tibetan Plateau weather system.Some research on Plateau low vortex and applications of TRMM satellite has been reviewed in this paper.It includes the Plateau low vortex's qualitative understanding,structure and the interaction of Leeward shallow weather systems,the basic data of TRMM satellite,and its applications both in and out of Plateau region.


Today is the world of mobile and wireless communication. With the increase of its use there are some problems still under research regarding WIMAX. One of such major problem is the security. Security is always the main issue for any network and with the wireless network it requires more concern. This work is also presented in the same area. We are presenting our work regarding the liability of the data on the arrival side. This data can be a voice or some digital data. Over the network the Active attacks are very common. The proposed approach will provide a reliable packet marking in such network. We are proposing the probabilistic packet marking with the inclusion of four other approaches. i) A Definite Randomize packet marking approach to decide the transmission path. ii) An approach to trace back the path to identify the visited route. iii) A combination of Context based and Dictionary based encoding approach to verify the transmitted data. iv) A Checksum will be applied to vary the alteration of data. The proposed system will result more reliable transmission on WIMAX.


A serial slaughter experiment was conducted with sheep under continuous growth and during realimentation following body weight stasis at c. 20 kg for 56 days. Undernutrition resulted in negative protein and energy balance. Skeletal remodelling facilitated growth in linear dimensions while protein, water and ash decreased or remained unchanged in bone. Bone weight increases were solely attributable to large increases in bone fat. Protein appeared to be depleted in similar proportions from muscle, bone and the whole body. Realimentation resulted in a trend for compensatory growth of muscle mass relative to bone length and protein content. Within bone there was a trend for restoration of bone protein content rather than growth in bone length. Bone weight was inadequate in describing these phenomena.


The invention relates to a low-smoke fire-retardant high-strength high-oil-resistance cable sheath material which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 40-70 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, 15-35 parts of a polyolefin grafted material, 20-50 parts of a reinforcing agent, 40-80 parts of a fire retardant, 0.5-4 parts of a smoke inhibiting agent, 1-4 parts of an age resistor, 2-6 parts of a crosslinking agent and 1-3 parts of a processing agent. Surface modified magnesium hydrate, surface processed hydrotalcite, ammonium polyphosphate, a molecular sieve, microencapsulated red phosphorus and the like are compounded for carrying out inflaming retarding, thus the consumption of a fire retardant is reduced; the fuming of the low-smoke fire-retardant high-strength and high-oil resistance cable sheath material is improved by using a molybdenum series compound as a smoke inhibiting agent; and the mechanical property and the oil resistance of the low-smoke fire-retardant high-strength and high-oil resistance cable sheath material are improved by using zinc methacrylate as an oil-resistant reinforcing agent. The low-smoke fire-retardant high-strength and high-oil resistance cable sheath material is prepared.


Urban Traffic Accidents (UTAs) may be seen as discrete events, localized in space and time. UTAs rates all over the world show great disparity, especially between developed and developing countries. Today, the most negative results of urban transportation are UTAs with many side effects such as injuries and loss of lives. UTAs lead to injury, death, disability and pain, loss of productivity, grief, social and mental problems. Proper and deep study and planning can enhance transport and driving safety and reduce number and severity of accidents. Traffic safety crises, death, damage and costs resulting from road UTAs are some of the most important public health and police organization challenges. In particular, UTA's victims are often people who are aged 15 - 44 years old in Iran, and UTAs are the second cause of death after heart disease in Tehran. UTAs' statistics in Tehran reveal a serious problem with significant fatality and injury rate. This study aims to identify the spatial pattern of UTAs in the city of Tehran in order to find the causes and consequences as well as the temporal and spatial or spatio-temporal variation of accidents. The relationship between the space and time of daily activities that generate urban daily trips and UTA, is examined in Tehran city for 2010 to 2011. The analysis is based on different primary and secondary data sources, which include locations of accidents and different attributes such as date, reason, kind, etc. Based on the data analysis, the study also attempted to show some light on the major causes, factors and types of accidents in order to identify the problem and suggest appropriate suggestions which reduce UTAs. As this study considered different factors of UTA, urban environment, land use, population, human activities and culture point considered as the most important pillars of this study. In order to understand knowledge, culture and attitudes of drivers towards traffic regulations, questionnaires were distributed to 1500 drivers in the study area to gather data about the drivers' knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors and 1177 of them returned. The results express that culture and knowledge of drivers have direct effects on localizing accidents. Furthermore, the concentration of educational, commercial and cultural activities that make up a large number of urban trips and urban dynamics, road usage, and time are among the main considerations of this study. The relationships between population, land use and dynamic patterns of city which constitute the urban structure, are used to establish a link between UTA and the urban structure of Tehran city. Time is considered as a crucial variable in this study that leads people to different kinds of locations and risk. Land use data and population data are combined with the accidents data using GIS techniques to generate relevant inputs for analysis. Concerning the methodology, cluster analysis techniques are developed to analyze the association between UTA numbers and land use categories and per 1000 residents of Tehran city. The techniques are developed to investigate the temporal variation of UTA over the time periods segmented into different zones. The results show that the suburban zone with industrial land use types and more highways are associated with more fatal and injured accidents. In comparison, the CBD zone is the safest not only in regarding the number of accidents but also in severity of accidents. Traffic limitation boundaries, wide pedestrians walking area and increased police checks, make this area safer despite the higher population density and daily activities. It was observed that the UTA spatial pattern changes dramatically in different zones and hours, especially during RH. Increased accidents but of lower severity happen in Tehran during the RH day when there is traffic congestion on transportation networks or roads and crowding on public transport is at its highest. Normally, this happens twice in a day, first in the morning and second in the afternoon-evening, the times during which the most people commute. It was observed that land use category, urban structure and population density make different rush hours in the city, therefore, different zones have different RHs. Referring to population movement or urban dynamic and urban structure, main roads types in urban and suburban zones become congested in different hours due to a large number of people activities. Thus, these different RHs in different zones result in different spatial patterns of accidents within the city. During Thursdays, the schools and administrative offices follow a half-day schedule and many people engage in recreation such as shopping and other extra activities. This causes a different type's RHs in Thursdays as it takes some load from the evening RH, and thus makes the morning RH the most intense time of the day. In addition, this study provided an explanation on the relationship between urban structures, creating UTA in Tehran. It was discovered that the locational pattern of the various land uses in the urban area is a reflection of socio-economic and ecological factors. Furthermore, the spatial analysis and temporal analysis of relative accidents risks point out the risky segments for different zones of the city and different land uses depending on the season, month, day and time.


The fourth‐order differential equation describing an Alfven ion‐cyclotron wave propagating along a magnetic field of varying intensity is found. The equation is self‐adjoint and possesses nontrivial turning points.


Using entanglement swapping, we construct a scheme to distribute an arbitrary multiparticle state to remote receivers. Only Bell states and two-qubit collective measurements are required.


In recent years, gut microbiome is thought also important to one's nutrition and health, same as any organ in human body. How and why the gut microbiome comes and is beneficial to human body, are results of living rules of the nature. Only a microorganism that is beneficial to the human body can grow better since it allows the body to live better and be healthier, and the human body must promote its growth to benefit itself; therefore, there is an advantage for a beneficial microorganism compared with a harmful microorganism to grow in the gut, and a beneficial microorganism can sterilize a harmful one by contending for resources to live and reproduce in the gut and form a barrier that can prevent other microorganism to live by itself. Gut microbiome mainly distributes in colon and cecum, and can produce a lot of nutritional materials by fermenting the indigestible dietary residues from prior digestive organs which are important to human health, and can also help one to be immune to other harmful microorganism's invasion due to its effects which make it win harmful microorganism to live and reproduce in the gut.


BACKGROUND: The high concentration of trivalent chromium along with organic/inorganic compounds in shavings (ChS) discharged from leather industries causes severe groundwater contamination in land disposal and chronic air pollution during thermal incineration. In the present investigation, ChS were subjected to incineration at 800 °C in a thermal incinerator under different volumes of oxygen to optimize the flow rate of oxygen to prevent the conversion of Cr3+ to Cr6+ (starved air combustion) followed by solidification and stabilization of calcined shavings.

RESULTS: Net energy changes resulting from the combustion of shavings showed that the energy of the organic fractions is utilized to the maximum extent at an O2 flow rate of 3.0 g min−1. The ChS were effectively solidified/stabilized using Portland cement and fine aggregate. The unconfined compressive strength of the blocks was in the region of 160 kg cm−2. Leachability studies using a toxicity characterization of leachate procedure test (TCLP) on a solidified block were carried out to determine the percentage metal fixation and dissolved organic (as chemical oxygen demand) concentration in the leachate.

CONCLUSION: The stabilization of chromium(III) in the cement gel matrix was confirmed using different instrumental techniques. The leaching characteristics through TCLP confirmed the effective stabilization of chromium; i.e., the metal fixing capacity was 99.95%. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry


goal of this paper is to examine the effects of laser radiation on the skin wound healing using infrared thermography as non-invasive method for the monitoring of the skin temperature changes during laser treatment. Thirty Wistar rats were used in this study. A skin lesion was performed at the leg on all rats. The animals were exposed to laser radiation (λ = 670 nm, P = 15 mW, DP = 16.31 mW/cm 2) for 600 s. Thermal images of wound were acquired before and after laser irradiation. The results have demonstrated that the tissue temperature decreases from 35.5±0.50°C in the first treatment day to 31.3±0.42°C after the third treatment day. This value is close to the normal value of the skin temperature and indicates the end of the skin repair process. In conclusion, the improvements in the wound healing following exposure to laser radiation have been revealed by infrared thermography. I.INTRODUCTION OUNDS are the most common injuries encountered in both humans and animals. Depending on the depth and the possibility of contamination, wounds may produce local or secondary phenomena, local or general, affecting the health status and patient behavior. In the case of simple and uncomplicated wounds, the healing process is conducted in the form of sequence of morphological changes which is named "sanatio per primam intentionem " and usually lasts between 8 and 12 days [1]. Complete healing may occur after 3 weeks. This healing period can be shortened by using the low power laser radiation. Effects of low power laser radiations on healing of wounds were demonstrated for the first time, by Mester et al. 1971 [2]. Since then, numerous studies have been focused on understanding and developing therapeutic methods based on low power laser radiations with applications in the treatment of various medical conditions. The research conducted in this field have demonstrated that low power laser radiation action produces a local increase in regenerative processes [3], a better drainage of edema [4], pain relief [5] and an increase in defense processes [6]. At the cellular level these processes are recognizable by increasing of cell multiplication rate (multiplication of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, macrophages) and increased intracellular metabolic processes (stimulation of ATP synthesis, release of calcium ions from mitochondria, increased DNA and RNA synthesis). At the tissular level, there is a better nutrition of the tissues as a result of multiplication of vascular networks, a better lymph drainage due to …


A novel hybrid monomer 4-(1-propenyl)oxybutyl glycidyl ether(POBGE) was synthesized via three steps reaction.The product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy.The photopolymerization characteristics of this monomer was investigated by Fourier Transform Real Time Infrared spectroscopy(FT-RTIR).The results indicated that the reactivity of triarylsufonium was better than the diarylliodonium.The final conversion of epoxy group and double bond were increased with increasing the initiator concentration and light intensity.


In this paper we prove the twin prime conjecture by showing that \begin{align} \sum \limits_{\substack{p\leq x\\p,p+2\in \mathbb{P}}}1\geq (1+o(1))\frac{x}{2\mathcal{C}\log^2 x}\nonumber \end{align}where $\mathcal{C}:=\mathcal{C}(2)>0$ fixed and $\mathbb{P}$ is the set of all prime numbers. In particular it follows that \begin{align} \sum \limits_{p,p+2\in \mathbb{P}}1=\infty\nonumber \end{align}by taking $x\longrightarrow \infty$ on both sides of the inequality. We start by developing a general method for estimating correlations of the form \begin{align} \sum \limits_{n\leq x}G(n)G(n+l)\nonumber \end{align}for a fixed $1\leq l\leq x$ and where $G:\mathbb{N}\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}^{+}$.


IMPORTANCE OF SANITARY QUALITY OF SEEDS IN FORESTRY SEEDLING PRODUCTION. Forest species seeds have, in general, low germination percentages because fungi cause damage in seedlings and seed deterioration. In this work samples of 12 seed species forest were examined for sanity. The 18 fungi genera identified, were discussed in terms of importance in seed association and reflections on the seedlings productions.


Antennas radiate (vector) momentum as well as energy, but if the radiation pattern is symmetric, the total radiated momentum is zero. Consider a simple antenna array that consists of two short linear dipole antennas whose centers are λ/4 apart and whose conductors point along the line of centers of the antennas. If the two antennas are excited with a 90◦ phase difference, deduce the asymmetric radiation pattern and the time-average rate of momentum d 〈P〉 /dt, that is radiated. The antenna experiences a time-average reaction force 〈F〉 = −d 〈P〉 /dt.


We studied the elicitation of contact sensitivity to Candida albicans antigen in guinea‐pigs with experimental cutaneous candidiasis and in humans, using commercially available potent 1: 100 C. albicans antigen (Torii) by patch testing on abraded skin. In guinea‐pigs, non‐immune animals became patch test‐reactive 4–5 days after topical application of viable C. albicans, either under occlusion or without occlusive dressings, concurrently with the demonstrability of delayed responses to intradermally injected 1: 10 000 Candida antigen. In humans, all healthy adults who showed delayed hypersensitivity reactions to intradermally injected 1:10 000 C albicans antigen demonstrated positive patch‐test reactions to 1:100 C. albicans antigen. There was a significant correlation between the magnitude of responses to these tests. In contrast, no positive patch test reactions were elicited to the 1: 100 C. albicans antigen on neonatal skin, emphasizing the lack of irritability of this test agent. These results also indicate that in humans contact sensitivity to Candida antigen occurs during later life because C. albicans is a ubiquitous organism. The practical value of this Candida patch test for evaluation of patients' immune function was assessed by a prospective study in patients with various skin disorders. The results obtained suggested some potential value of the test for evaluation of cell‐mediated immune function of patients with regard to ubiquitous recall antigens.


Liver failure can induce gradations of encephalopathy from mild to stupor to deep coma. The objective of this study is to investigate and quantify the variation of biochemical compounds in the brain in patients with liver failure and encephalopathy, through the use of water- suppressed, localized in-vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (HMRS). The spectral parameters of the compounds quantitated are: N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA) to Creatine (Cr) ratio, Choline (Cho) to Creatine ratio, Inositol (Ins) to Creatine ratio and Glutamine-Glutamate Amino Acid (AA) to Creatine ratio. The study group consisted of twelve patients with proven advanced chronic liver failure and symptoms of encephalopathy. Comparison has been done with results obtained from five normal subjects without any evidence of encephalopathy or liver diseases.


This study investigated the factors affecting the behavior of service product's online group buying. Using SPSS16. 0,the annual food and beverage products of four wowo group's network's group purchase sites in Chengdu,Chongqing,Wuhan,and Changsha in 2011 were talcen as samples to analyze the effect of price,convenience,quality,safety,region,income level,and the product value attribute on volume of transaction of online group-buying products.


The authors introduce readers to the possibility of using TRIZ tools for teaching students math, in particular, it provides an understanding of meta-algorithm and how to use it for solving the math problems.


Results of previous studies examining adrenergic receptor subtype distribution have varied. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of adrenergic receptor subtypes throughout the arterial tree of the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Feed arteries (FA) and first (1A), second (2A), and third (3A) order arterioles from the gastrocnemius muscle of male Sprague‐Dawley rats were isolated and cannulated for videomicroscopic study. Cumulative dose‐response curves (10‐9 to 10‐4 M) were performed using the non‐selective agonist norepinephrine (NE), α1‐agonist phenylephrine (PE), and α2‐agonist UK14304 (UK) to determine constrictor responses. All branch orders constricted similarly to NE and PE (% constriction in FA: NE = 75.4% ± 5.4, PE =70.1% ± 6.6; 1A: NE = 91.1% ± 2.1, PE= 83.7% ± 2.8; 2A: NE= 92.4% ± 2.4, PE= 88.8% ± 2.3; 3A: NE = 81.3% ± 8.7, PE= 79.3% ± 5.0). No branch order constricted significantly to UK or to the β‐agonist isoproterenol. Constrictor responses to NE and PE were abolished by the α1‐antagonist prazosin (10‐7 M) in all branch orders. Neither the α2‐antagonist rauwolscine (10‐6 M) nor the β‐antagonist propranolol (10‐6 M) reduced constriction in any branch order. These results indicate that constrictor responses to NE are mediated almost entirely by α1‐adrenergic receptors in all examined branch orders of the rat gastrocnemius with little to no contribution from α2‐adrenergic receptors.


The present invention relates to the possible stacking apparatus stacking the substrates of different thickness, according to an embodiment of the invention, the upper housing, the upper pressing unit which is provided inside the upper housing compressing the substrate, optionally provided with enabling new that the cylinder, between the support to the cylinder is supported by a base plate, resiliently on the base plate to be elevated in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the cylinder, a lifting and a lower housing, said base plate and the lower housing to form a abuts the chamber and the upper housing is provided in the spring which is elastically supported with respect to the lower housing to the base plate, is positioned within the lower housing, it is fixed to the base plate and lift according to the lifting of the base plate, the substrate with the upper crimping section the laminated apparatus is provided comprising a compression to lower compression. Substrate, resin layer, laminator, laminating


The reaction of n-hexane cracking over HZSM-5, HY zeolite and mordenite (HM) was studied in accordance with the procedure of the [beta]-test recently proposed for quantitative characterization of zeolite hydrogen transfer activity. It is shown that this procedure allows one to obtain quantitative data on propene, n-butene, and isobutene reactivities in the hydrogen transfer steps of the reaction. The results demonstrate that in the absence of steric constraints (large pore HY and HM zeolites) isobutene is approximately 5 times more reactive in hydrogen transfer than n-butene. The latter, in turn, is about 1.3 times more reactive than propene. With medium pore HZSM-5, steric inhibition of the hydrogen transfer between n-hexane and isobutene is observed. This results in a sharp decrease in the isobutene reactivity: over HZSM-5 zeolites isobutene is only 1.2 times more reactive in hydrogen transfer than n-butene. On the basis of these data it is concluded that the [beta]-test measures the [open quotes]real[close quotes] hydrogen transfer activity of zeolites, i.e., the activity that summarizes the effects of the acidic and structural properties of zeolites. An attempt is made to estimate the [open quotes]ideal[close quotes] zeolite hydrogen transfer activity, i.e., the activity determined by the zeolite acidic properties only.more » The estimations obtained show that this activity is approximately 1.8 and 1.6 times higher for HM zeolite in comparison with HZSM-5 and HY zeolites, respectively. 16 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.« less


A manager must ensure that profitability is within the realm of possibility for the company, given its level of capacity. What global business markets make people the most money? It depends. However, the growth in profits of India's booming industrial sector during one decade is Incontrovertible. According to the industry giants, the distribution of products are making a good profits in the current scenario. The province's top-performing companies are poised for further growth this year and beyond thanks to new opportunities and stabilizing economic conditions around the world. What are the top industries filled with companies that have the highest average net profits compared to just about everyone else? According to one researcher, skill and capital intensive firms create industries with the highest net profits.


Environment management is a significant challenge in developing countries mainly due to lack of strong legislation to control wastewater and institutional capacity for integrated planning and management. This paper describes the importance of small scale decentralized wastewater treatment using reed bed treatment systems (RBTS) in Nepal. It shows how public/community participation can support small scale construction work while ensuring checks on quality and price of construction. It includes examples where this system provides good quality, low-cost services.


As the intensifying of market competition and the refinement of social division, the operation of modern enterprises is increasingly dependent on supply chain management (SCM). With the extension of the supply chain (SC) in scope and scale, the purchasing management plays a vital role for SC operation. The traditional purchasing management lacks the coordination with upstream supplier and downstream customer. And, the related works concerning this issue are still very limited. To this end, this paper proposes a price coordination mechanism based on dynamic game of incomplete information (DGII). Starting from the expected profits of multiple node enterprises in the purchasing supply chain (PSC), this paper analyzes the whole SC composed of the purchaser, upstream supplier and downstream customer. We consider the demand of downstream customer and investigate the price coordination mechanism of the PSC. Then we study the game process of node enterprises in the PSC using DGII theory, and present mathematical analysis. Our proposal effectively solves the problem of traditional purchasing management in lacking of coordination, improves the purchasing management with the theoretical model, and riches the SC theory.


This study investigated the effects of pipe network materials and distance on system performance utilizing unused energy sources in large-scale horticulture facility. For this, the modeling was performed with a 100 m long and 100 m wide rectangular shaped glass house having an area of 1ha (10,000㎡) using EnergyPlus software. The heat sources considered were air source, geothermal heat, power plant waste heat, sea water heat, and river water. The temperature variation of the fluid with regard to pipe material and distance from the heat source and the resultant heat pump electricity consumptions were calculated. It turned out that the fluid temperature reaching the heat pump increased as the distance from the heat source increased in case of sea water and river water, which have higher temperatures than the surrounding soil, improving the heat pump efficiency. It was vice versa in case of the power plant waste heat. In addition, pipe material of PVC showed the smallest effect on the system performance variation due to the lowest thermal conductivity, compared to PB and HDPE.


Oxidation of N,N-di-n-butyldithiocarbamato (bu2dtc) complexes of Cu(I), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) is reported. Oxidation of Ni(bu2dtc)2 with Cl2, Br2, or of NiX2 (X = Cl, Br, NO3) with N,N,N′,N′-tetra-n-butylthiuram disulfide (bu4tds) gives complexes of composition [Ni(bu2dtc)3]X. These compounds are diamagnetic and dissolve in nitrobenzene as 1:1 electrolytes, their UV spectra resemble that of the iso-electronic Co(bu2dtc)3. The experimental data are in accord with the assumption that in these compounds Ni(IV) flow spin d6) is surrounded by 6 S atoms in octahedral symmetry. The analogous selenium compound tris (N, N-di-n-butyldiselenocarbamato) nickel(IV) bromide, having the same properties as the thio compounds, can also be prepared. Oxidation of Cu(bu2dtc) with Cl2 or Br2 yields paramagnetic products with the composition CuX3(bu2dtc), in which Cu also has the formal oxidation number + 4, but the structure of these compounds is still obscure. Oxidation of Zn(bu2dtc)2 and the corresponding Cd and Hg compounds yields products, the analysis of which suggests the composition MX2(bu2dtc)2 (M = Zn, Cd or Hg, X = Br or I), but infrared studies indicate that the dithiocarbamato ligands of the starting substances are oxidized to bu4tds, which in the reaction products is coordinated to the metal in its normal oxidation state + 2.


The antigenic proteins of Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) from tumors of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, are described following characterization by mass spectrometry. In SDS-PAGE, predominant protein bands were observed at 114, 88, 70, 54, 52, 47, 42 and 24 kDa. Western blot analysis showed that antisera reacted strongly at molecular weights of 114, 67 and 54 kDa, and reacted weakly at molecular weights of 74, 70, 36, 24 and 22 kDa. In the identification of LCDV antigenic proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) TOF mass spectrometry, 10 of 14 excised bands consisted mostly of proteins with amino acid sequences that matched LCDV-C (lymphocystis disease virus isolate China) ORFs. Strong antigens with molecular weights of 114, 67 and 54 kDa were identified as LDVICp236 (chromosome segregation ATPase), LDVICp033 (membrane bound metallopeptidase) and LDVICp157 (hypothetical protein), respectively. Minor antigens with molecular weights of 70, 36, 24 and 22 kDa proteins were identified as LDVICp160 (acetyl-coA hydrolase), LDVICp213 (hypothetical protein), LDVICp039 (hypothetical protein) and LDVICp213 (hypothetical protein). However, the major capsid protein (LDVICp043) did not react with the polyclonal antibody.


Abstract : The US military services provide excellent self-support in the operations they perform. Operations Other Than War (OOTW) require careful planning, coordination and execution by many agencies which requires a different approach that US forces are accustomed too. There is a lack of effort at all level in providing logistics planning and execution for OOTW. This analysis will reflect this trend and provide some recommendations on how to solve this dilemma. US armed forces will be involved in Operations Other Than War (OOTW) for the next several decades. It is important that these operations are successful. Well coordinated logistics support is a vital to the favorable completion of OOTW. This analysis will show that much work needs to be done to provide unity of effort at all levels to provide better logistics assistance.


Abstract The problem of two unequal semi-permeable cracks is analytically studied for two-dimensional (2D) arbitrarily polarized piezoelectromagnetic media. The electric and magnetic poling directions make arbitrary angles with the crack line. The complex variable methodology is utilized to reduce the problem into a nonhomogeneous Riemann Hilbert problem. This numerical problem is then comprehended with the Riemann–Hilbert way to obtain the stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction components at any point of the domain. A numerical contextual analysis is displayed for the composite. The numerical examination demonstrates that the change in electric/magnetic poling directions influences the different crack parameters.


We investigate transport properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond films for a broad range of temperatures. Addition of nitrogen during plasma-assisted growth increases the conductivity of ultrananocrystalline diamond films by several orders of magnitude. We show that films produced at low concentration of nitrogen in the plasma are very resistive and electron transport occurs via a variable range hopping mechanism while in films produced at high nitrogen concentration the electron states become delocalized and the transport properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond films can be described using the Boltzmann formalism. We discuss the critical concentration of carriers at which the metal to insulator transition in ultrananocrystalline diamond films occurs and compare our results with available experimental data.


Abstract : A model developed originally at Glaxo Wellcome Operations, U.K Ltd., by B.S.Rajan has been adapted and modified in order to assess its suitability for application in the steel industry; exemplified typically by the maintenance requirements of the Hot Rolling Mill. Several models were investigated and evaluated, from which, Rajan's model was selected. The direct repair cost and consequential cost savings are established and examined in relation to the cost of carrying out machinery condition monitoring. A sensitivity test was undertaken to identify the most critical factors which control costs. These were found to be: probability of detection of machine deterioration, machine reliability, standby facility, system downtime duration, and the efficiency of condition monitoring utilization.


More himself seemed to know that there was something more important beneath the rubble of the vicious literary battle. As a humanist, he knew something of the common humanity under God which binds all men together in the human family. And thus he regarded the controversies with regret, writing: "Woulde God we were all of the mynde that every man thought no manne so badde as hymself. For that were the waye to mende both them and us. Nowe they blame us, and we blame them, and both blameworthy and eyther parte more readye to finde others faultes than to mende theyr own." (English Works, 1557, p. 225). Perhaps a more fruitful approach to More and Tudor polemics would be suggested by the post-Vatican II ecumenical historian who probes the literary contents and the lives of the polemicists objectively but with the passion of a Christian humanist. In his careful, well-documented study Pineas has put us all in his debt and paves the way for another kind of study which will probe the evidence more deeply and more sympathetically in an ecumenical spirit.


The utility model relates to a motor driving device with a position indicating function, particularly, a motor driving circuit which is based on asynchronous single-phase motor and is used for frequent conversion. The motor driving circuit is characterized in that motor driving power sources are controlled by a single chip microcomputer which can select one of two paths of the power sources which is more suitable for driving a motor; the motor driving circuit has a motor driving state feedback function and a motor driving direction node output function, and therefore, the burnout of the motor caused by overvoltage and undervoltage of the motor driving power sources which are caused by incapability of controlling the motor driving power sources of a traditional circuit can be avoided; and the circuit has a circuit driving direction indicating function, and therefore, driving modes of the motor can be indicated intuitively. Compared with the traditional circuit, the motor driving circuit is additionally provided with two position indicating switches.


Excessive meat consumption has negative impact on many areas of life, such as: health, production efficiency, environment, and social and ethics. This negative impact has encouraged the effort to change the behavior in consuming meat. This study is expected to contribute to the creation of public awareness, the need to establish the balance between consuming meat behavior and its consequences. The study used the experimental method. Hypothesis tested by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. The result of the study stated there was a significant difference between stimuli of information about negative impact of meat consumption on health, environment, social and ethics and control. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between stimuli of information about negative impact of meat consumption on production efficiency and control. Conclusion of the study is information about negative impact of meat consumption on health, environment, social and ethics can cause behavioral change.


Reclaimed water is becoming one of the most important water resources for irrigation, especially in arid and semi‐arid areas. However, whether the organic compounds will pollute the soil and groundwater or not under the condition of long‐term irrigation, has become a matter of great concern. Soil samples of 3 boreholes at the depths of 0–5.5 m and groundwater samples were collected from the reclaimed water irrigation area of Beijing Southeast suburb. 16 EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The results showed that the total amount of 16 PAHs at whole profile varied from 12.44–206.75 μg⋅kg−1 (dry wt). The highest total contents of PAHs appeared in the surface layer, and they declined dramatically along the soil profiles. In the topsoil, high weight molecular PAHs (>4 rings) were the main pollutants which were accounting for 70% of the total PAHs. Under the surface layer, Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene an...


A review of the scholarship on urban education indicates that the knowledge base is disputed in fundamental ways and is fragmentary, reflecting educational research generally. Further, many promising practices remain unadopted or poorly implemented, further reinforcing the knowledge‐base problem. The political organization of urban schools (centralized bureaucracy, standardized resource allocation rules and bureaucratic incentives) poses a major obstacle to improving this knowledge base. Correspondingly, the task of generating better knowledge of how urban schools can work must overcome several political problems such as the strength of bureaucracies and their allies; the narrow orientation of consumer‐oriented reform demands, and the resource inadequacies of urban schools. Restructuring proposals do not address these interlocking impediments. Dramatic improvements in urban schools cannot be expected without attention to how the knowledge base can be improved.


Community-based adaptation (CBA) is an approach to strengthening the adaptive capacity of local communities vulnerable to climate change. The CBA approach increasingly features in discussions among policy makers, planners, advocates, and researchers, and has been endorsed and adopted by numerous governmental and non-governmental organizations. However, to date the CBA approach has lacked conceptual clarity, and the term is interpreted and deployed in various and often contradictory ways. This paper seeks to address this deficit by explaining the rationale put forth for CBA by its proponents, outlining its guiding principles, and theorizing some of its key challenges, which often point to opportunities for the approach to evolve.


This article discusses the various factors in Vietnam that are influencing the possibility of introducing a law on same sex marriage and draws three main conclusions. Firstly, it argues that the greatest concern about the possible success of the campaigns on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues in general, and the recognition of same sex marriages in particular, is indeed a political fear. It recommends keeping the campaigns on LGBT issues separate from the political sphere and to differentiate themselves from the traditional confrontational methods used by political dissidents. Secondly, the enactment of a law on LGBT rights which incorporates the principles and rules of anti-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and identity is proposed. This law will fill the gap left by the current lack of an anti-discrimination law in the specific field of LGBT rights in the first step of a typical process towards the legalization of same sex marriages. Thirdly, the paper highlights the leading role to be played by legislation in Vietnam, and which shall need to be acquired though legal transplanting, in granting marital rights to same sex couples and providing the basis for the courts to give them substantive rights.


This research aims to: 1) to describe the soft skills forming of student collaboration in groups in the learning process, 2) to describe the obstacles in group collaboration in the learning process, 3) to describe how to overcome barriers in group collaboration in the learning process, 4) to describe the process of group collaboration in learning. Type of research used was qualitative with an ethnographic approach, with research subjects is Accounting class X students in SMK Negeri 6 Surakarta. The collecting data technique used was interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis is done by reducing data, presenting data and making conclusions. The results of the study show that: 1) the formation of cooperative soft skills, namely from students happy to learn together so that they create group discussions to complete tasks or solve problems. Collaboration by forming group discussions can exchange information so as to increase broad knowledge and maximum level of learning. 2) Barriers experienced in the process of group collaboration, there are still some students who are passive in carrying out cooperation. 3) How to overcome the obstacles that occur in the process of cooperation by reprimanding group members who find it difficult to cooperate in groups and provide motivational motivation so that group members are able to contribute well in the group. 4) In the process of cooperation in groups of students able to have a sense of responsibility and mutual respect.


An important improvement in estimating economic N applications for corn production would be to predict the soil N supply capacity each year. The objective of this research is to evaluate the adaptability and potential calibration of the amino sugar-N based Illinois N Soil Test in corn production fields across diverse Iowa soils. Nitrogen rate trials were conducted at multiple sites over several years, many on producer fields. Soil samples were collected at 0-6 and 0-12 inch depths in the fall and spring preplant where no N was applied. Samples were analyzed for hydrolyzable amino sugar-N (limited number of sites), the Illinois N Soil Test, soil organic matter, and total soil N. Corn response to fertilizer N was determined through change in grain yield. The hydrolyzable amino sugar-N values correctly identified six of eight site-years as being N responsive or non-responsive. Two sites had high test values, but were responsive to applied N. The Illinois N Soil Test values for each sample depth and sample timing were not related to corn yield response to applied N, and could not be calibrated on the soils studied. Also, the test did not differentiate between responsive and non-responsive sites. It is possible that the amino sugar-N fraction measured by soil hydrolysis is a better predictor of N responsiveness than the Illinois N Soil Test, but that needs to be confirmed by analysis of soil from additional sites. The Illinois N Soil Test values were similar for each sampling time. The Illinois N Soil Test did show a strong relationship with soil organic matter and total soil N. This indicates the test is reflecting multiple organic N pools or overall soil N rather than the specific amino sugar organic N fraction. Based on these results, the Illinois N Soil Test is not recommended for adjusting N applications to corn on Iowa soils.


Introduction The success of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA), primary as well as for revision, largely depends on the initial stability of the femoral implant. In this respect, several studies have estimated that the micromotion at the bone-implant interface should not exceed 150µm (Jasty 1997, Viceconti 2000) in order to ensure optimal bonding between bone and implant. Therefore, evaluating the initial stability through micromotion measurements serves as a valid method towards reviewing implant design and its potential for uncemented THAs. In general, the methods used to measure the micromotion assume that the implant behaves as a rigid body. While this could be valid for some primary stems (Ostbyhaug 2010), studies that support the same assumption related to revision implants were not found. The aim of this study is to assess the initial stability of a femoral revision stem, taking into account possible non-rigid behaviour of the implant. A new in vitro measuring method to determine the micromotion of femoral revision implants is presented. Both implant and bone induced displacements under cyclic load are measured locally. Methods A Profemur R modular revision stem (MicroPort Orthopedics Inc. Arlington, TN, United States of America) and artificial femora (composite bone 4th generation #3403, Sawbones Europe AB, Malmo, Sweden) prepared by a surgeon were used. The micromotions were measured in proximal-distal, medial-lateral or anterior-posterior directions at four locations situated in two transverse planes, using pin and bushing combinations. At each measuring location an O8mm bushing was attached to the bone, and a concentric O3mm pin was attached to the implant [Fig.1 and 2]. A supporting structure used to hold either guiding bushings or linear variable displacement transducers (LVDT) is attached to the proximal part of the implant. The whole system was installed on a hydraulic force bench (PC160N, Schenck GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) and 250 physiological loading cycles were applied [Fig.3]. Results By combining the local bone and implant displacements, the relative average micromotion appeared to be less than 25µm in the proximal region and less than 50µm in the distal region. These data correspond to a regular implant-bone fit. Also the micromotion is on average larger in the medial-lateral plane than in the posterior-anterior plane. If the implant deformations were not taken into account then the average values for micromotion were overestimated up to 20µm at proximal levels, and up to 140µm at distal levels. Conclusion Good initial stability is achieved in each case, suggesting a successful long-term outcome. These findings are consistent with a success rate of 96% reported for the used implant over an average of 10 years (Koster 2008). To adequately evaluate the initial stability of femoral implants, the non-rigid behaviour cannot be ignored. Acknowledgments This research is supported by BVOT (Belgian Association for Orthopaedics and Traumatology) and Impulse Fund KU Leuven.


This paper analyzes the enormous obstacles that the Democratic Republic of the Congo faces in forming a stable, development-oriented state. No government could design, implement, and finance a development program for the country without coordinated analytical and financial support from the international community. And such support can be successful only if a powerful post reform coalition emerges that has a stake in maintaining the reforms. Torn by civil war for years, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) has been in severe economic and political crisis. It lacks the prerequisites for a stable, development-oriented state: a sound fiscal base, revenue-generating ability, administrative capabilities, a monopoly over the means of coercion, and representative institutions that facilitate bargaining and decisionmaking about development strategies, policies, and programs. The authors examine the crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in light of the growing literature on the formation of states. They show that the country has many material features that have characterized coercion-intensive societies stuck in adverse policy traps. These include low population density, poor infrastructure, dominance of the mining sector, and an underdeveloped private sector and capitalist class. There are no truly national pressure groups with common economic interests. The administrative and bureaucratic apparatus is patrimonial, centralized, and poorly qualified. The prerequisites of stable, development-oriented decision-making-bargaining among equally powerful groups can therefore not emerge. Any coalition wanting to promote the emergence of a development-oriented state would therefore be dependent on continual, coordinated, long-term financial and policy support from the international community to build the central preconditions for a stable, growth-oriented state. Such a strategy, the authors say, must be based on social peace, the development of free markets (both urban and rural), a capitalist class, decentralization of government, and the strengthening of countervailing civic organizations at all levels. Institutions for representation and mechanisms for accountability will not function unless independent pressure groups emerge to counterbalance coercive state tendencies, as well as one another's tendencies to build and abuse power. These include labor unions, farmers organizations, and other national interest groups that can cut across regional and tribal affiliations. The authors use the framework they develop to propose priorities for a future government and the associated external support.


This chapter summarizes the lessons learned about Homo Suffragator and the psychology of voters. Do personality, memory, and identity shape citizens' electoral experience and behaviour, and elections' capacity to bring democratic resolution; and what are the main determinants of each model? Has the book's attempt to turn electoral science upside-down by switching the dependent variable been successful? It may be of greater consequence to know whether elections make people happy, and whether they offer a continuous peaceful resolution to divergent preferences and beliefs, than to know whom people and nations vote for. Beyond summarizing the results of the static models explored so far, the chapter also reintegrates the original dynamic expectations into the model, and assesses the reciprocal causality between the three interrelated dependent variable sets—behaviour, experience, and resolution—using the panel study design in the US case.


The application of variable structure system with sliding mode and saturation in a task of position control of second order dynamic object is considered in this paper. The features of system behaviour at different values of control law coefficients are analyzed. The new conditions of a sliding mode existence in the given areas of a phase plane are formulated and strictly proved. The control systems parameters ensuring the greatest possible fast-action and high dynamic precision are determined. The received conclusions are confirmed by results of control system numerical simulation.


Introduction "If you keep in mind that readers are content-driven, time-pressed, and decision-focused, you can write right-every time," asserts Harvard Kennedy School lecturer in Public Policy, Holly Weeks (2005, p.3). She elaborates that because business audiences prefer their written messages to be clear, unembellished and to the point, business messages must not only convey the necessary information and ideas in plain English, but also make the right connections between the information and ideas for the reader. Granted, some schools of thought view the prospect of writers enabling their readers to make meaning of texts written by them as being reflective of a simplistic understanding of how individuals process information and make meaning of something that they have read, but if writing is about the "composing of texts intended to be read by people not present" (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1987), we have to make assumptions about the reader's process of making meaning and compose the message accordingly (p.4). I maintain, however, that such assumptions should not be random but guided not only by the writer's understanding of the purpose for writing, the knowledge of who might be the intended reader or readers, and of the particular context within which the particular written communication is taking place, but also by a set of writing rubrics.


In this thesis, we are interested in a portfolio maximization problem and a numerical method solving for the optimal investment solution associated with our problem. Accordingly, we first present a specific kind of portfolio model which consisted of only two assets, one is a commodity asset, and another one is a futures contract written on this commodity. Through out this study, we assume that the behavior of commodity price in a perfect market is described by the Schwartz two-factor pricing model. In additions, by no-arbitrage assumption, the close-form formula of fair price can be used to derive an instantaneous futures price. In the first part of this study we formulate the portfolio model by considering the generating of portfolio incomes. We give an emphasize on a tradeoff between a proportion of commodities and commodity futures in the portfolio. In order to solve this problem, we employ Monte Carlo technique to simulate the process generating the return on our portfolio model and to approximate the fixed ratio solution of an investment that maximizes the portfolio final wealth. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the procedure and additional applications are suggested.


The new mid-infrared FEL at the Fritz-Haber-Institut (FHI) was presented at the FEL12 conference. [1] It will be used for spectroscopic investigations of molecules, clusters, nanoparticles and surfaces. This facility must be easy to use by the scientists at FHI, and should be seamlessly integrated into the existing research environment. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) software framework was chosen to build the FHI-FEL control system, and will also be used to interface the user systems. The graphical operator interface is based on the Control System Studio (CSS) package. It covers radiation safety monitoring as well as controlling the complete set of building automation and utility devices, regardless of their particular function. A user interface (subset of the operator interface) allows user-provided experiment-control software (KouDA, LabVIEW, Matlab) to connect with an EPICS Gateway providing secured access. The EPICS Channel Archiver continuously records selected process variable data and provides a web server offering archive and near real-time data. A sample experiment installation demonstrates how this user interface can be used efficiently.


Significance Pathogens and tumors are detected by the immune system through the display of intracellular peptides on MHC-I complexes. These peptides are generated by the ubiquitin−proteasome system preferentially from newly synthesized polypeptides. Here we show that the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway, responsible for proteasomal degradation of polypeptide chains that stall during translation, mediates efficient antigen presentation of model proteins independent of their intrinsic folding properties. Immunopeptidome characterization of RQC-deficient cells shows that RQC contributes to the presentation of a wide variety of proteins, including proteins that may otherwise evade presentation due to efficient folding. By identifying endogenous substrates of the RQC pathway in human cells, our results also enable the analysis of common principles causing ribosome stalling under physiological conditions. Mammalian cells present a fingerprint of their proteome to the adaptive immune system through the display of endogenous peptides on MHC-I complexes. MHC-I−bound peptides originate from protein degradation by the proteasome, suggesting that stably folded, long-lived proteins could evade monitoring. Here, we investigate the role in antigen presentation of the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway for the degradation of nascent polypeptides that are encoded by defective messenger RNAs and undergo stalling at the ribosome during translation. We find that degradation of model proteins by RQC results in efficient MHC-I presentation, independent of their intrinsic folding properties. Quantitative profiling of MHC-I peptides in wild-type and RQC-deficient cells by mass spectrometry showed that RQC substantially contributes to the composition of the immunopeptidome. Our results also identify endogenous substrates of the RQC pathway in human cells and provide insight into common principles causing ribosome stalling under physiological conditions.


A possibility to search for elementary particles as dark matter candidates is to detect elastic scattering with cryogenic detectors. For the interpretation of the data one has to determine the detector response to nuclear recoils, the so-called quenching factors. They can differ for the heat-, for the scintillation- and for the ionization-signal and can be measured by scattering of neutrons. The CRESST- and the EDELWEISS-collaborations have set up a neutron scattering facility for cryogenic detectors at the tandem-accelerator of the Munich 'Maier-Leibniz-Labor.' The scattering angle and the time-of-flight of the neutrons are measured by an array of liquid scintillator cells. The pulsed high energy (11 MeV) neutron beam is created by nuclear reaction of a 11B on a H2-gas target. The set-up and the results of first tests are presented.


Objective  To determine the prevalence of blood pressure inter‐arm difference (IAD) in early pregnancy and to investigate its possible association with maternal characteristics.


The invention relates to the field of a control technology, specifically to a power supply system and a power supply method for electric equipment, and aims to solve the problem of waste of residual electric quantity of a power-supply device caused by that when the power-supply device is in low battery, the power supply device cannot continue to supply power to electric equipment. The embodiment of the invention provides the power supply system for the electric equipment; the power supply system comprises a main battery and a backup energy storage module; the power supply system also comprises a voltage detection module, a voltage reduction module and a current limiting module. When the voltage of the main battery of the power supply system is insufficient, the voltage reduction module begins to work for outputting the electric energy of the backup energy storage module in a constant discharging current manner so as to supply electric energy to the electric equipment along with the main battery until all the electric energy of the main battery is consumed, so that the electric energy of the main battery can be fully utilized.


In 2010, Sebastian Pinera won the election for the Chilean presidency, ending the twenty year political reign of the Concertacion, the governing coalition comprised of political parties of the center-left. The fall of the Concertacion to the Coalicion por el Cambio, the center-right coalition, was especially significant as it came at the end of Michelle Bachelet's presidency; Bachelet was almost universally popular and maintained unprecedentedly high approval ratings during her presidency. However, the cleavages within the Concertacion and their antiquated economic ideas ultimately caused their downfall; they seemed unable to escape the dictatorship and their view for Chile was thus inevitably set in the past. Meanwhile, the Coalicion por el Cambio managed to recognize that they needed to utilize a rhetoric that would emphasize the need for a forward-thinking and developing population and country. Thus, Pinera's election to the presidency revealed that the Chilean population is changing; this new generation of Chileans is more interested in creating a modernized, developed country able to compete globally than in rectifying the problems of the past.


Shaping energy-saving behavior in education system plays huge and obvious role in economic and social development. While there is a large amount of literature covering the issues of technical advancements in implementation of energy-saving technologies, organizational and technical aspects of world experience, there is still a lack of publications exploring the scale and features of energy-saving behavior in education system. This paper analyzes features of shaping energy-saving behavior at three levels: school, university, and communities. It systematically reviews 119 WoS and Scopus studies, which allowed us to determine influence factors and prospects of shaping energy-saving behavior for the younger generation and community reps. The paper sets four research questions aimed at data analysis. The results showed (a) the lack of research on issues related to shaping of energy-saving behavior at the school and university levels; (b) that mainly, literature focuses on a comprehensive study of individual and socio-demographic factors affecting energy-saving behavior of communities; (c) that at the university and school levels, situational and individual factors have the greatest impact on energy-saving behavior of students; gaps in socio-demographic factor research; and d) as prospects of shaping energy-saving behavior of students, development of educational programs, implementation of state policy on energy conservation, information on energy conservation issues can be highlighted – all from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to the present. The paper is intended for researchers, education and energy experts interested in possibilities of educational technologies in shaping energy-saving behavior.


At present, many scholars have researched and analyzed laws generated by micro-annulus and proposed relevant finite element models and analytical models. But the existing models fail to consider the effects of stratum environment and apply stress fields and more parameters to the models in research of micro-annulus, which is unable to accurately describe mechanical effects of cementing interface in the construction process. In our research, we have proposed a new model which is based on fractional step finite element method. stress change of assemblies in the process of drilling, cementing and fracturing in construction has been considered and a casing pipecement sheathstratum finite element model based on the anisotropy of shale stratum and pore percolation has been set up. The model is able to have a more realistic simulation on production regularity of cementing interface's micro-annulus in shale stratum so as to further certain theoretical directions on construction operations on the site. KeywordsPrediction, rock mechanical properties, shale gas reservoir, Intelligent Algorithm


In recent years, the interest in low-pollution and high-efficiency heat engines has been increasing due to the growing awareness of environmental protection, and power generation at relatively low temperatures, such as use of exhaust heat and sunlight, has been attracting attention. Compared with other heat engines, Stirling engine is very important because it can be driven by any heat source at low temperatures, such as exhaust heat, and it does not emit exhaust gas. In order to realize a more efficient Stirling engine, it is essential to design a heat exchange system that is suitable for each component.
Performance measurement and analysis on a new mesh regenerator material at low temperature difference using a 2-piston alpha-type 3-kW Stirling engine, NS03T are carried out. Mesh sheets developed for high performance Stirling engines can be designed with CAD and CAM technologies by etching process. For this study, M5 and M7 mesh sheets which are thin sheets of stainless steel with square holes in a grid arrangement, are used. With nitrogen and helium as the working fluid, the engine performance is measured by changing the charge pressure, heating temperature, and engine speed to clarify the flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of the M5 and M7.


In the present article, we did a brief analysis of the semantic-pragmatic values with which the discourse connector bueno occurs in SSL Brazilian students' oral narratives. The data of this study is made up by a representative of oral narratives of SSL Brazilian students with a B2 level. It is a research done in the light of Pragmatics and Pragmagrammar. The results of this research indicate that, in the oral narratives of SSL Brazilian students, bueno may occur performing argumentative functions (superficially) and/or metadiscourse functions predominantly.


The present invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, there is provided a horizontal directional drilling is riveted fixing means, including staking, a cylinder and a floating beam, wherein the riveting is hinged to the front end of the beam pins, the floating cylinder by the floating piston cylinder ends hinged to the hinge base beam, and the floating piston cylinder is pivotally attached to one end of the anchor pin, the floating cylinders are provided with a cavity, a piston rod connected to the piston, the cavity filled with oil, through the cavity between the tubing connector, a ball valve provided at the outlet of the pipeline or chamber. This kind of fixing means of the present invention provides a horizontal directional drilling riveting device can be achieved by automatically adjusting the staking and fixed, so as to achieve savings in manpower and avoid potentially dangerous beneficial effect.


This paper mainly presents how the electric engineers optimize the design of the 2×1 000 MW generators in Guohua Xuzhou Power Plant,including the optimization of the systems of the maintenance power,ESP power,AC operating power supply network of 500 kV boosting stations,security power,ESP high-voltage power control equipment,and the cooling method of auxiliary transformer and start-up /stand-by transformer.


This article focuses on heterosexual North American and European tourist women in a transnational town in Atlantic Costa Rica renown for its intimate "vibe" and independent eco-oriented tourist development, where they grappled with the unexpected monetary aspects of intimate relations with Caribbean-Costa Rican men. Drawing from three women's narratives, I explore the particularities of how North American women give money to men with whom they are having sex or intimate relations and what this giving means to both the women and their partners. Rather than refute the monetary underpinnings of tourist women's transnational sex or see money as all powerful, I show the complexity of transactions and multiple meanings that accrue to money and markets. I argue that the small-scale, informal, and "intimate market" context of the Caribbean as a tourist destination, as well as the valence of sexual secrecy in combination with the moral evaluations about foreign women's relations with local men that circulated in the town, were central influences on the exchanges. (Keywords: Women's travel, global tourism, sexual exchange, heterosexuality, tourism markets, transnational intimacies)


This article uses Beijing police case records between 1913 and 1948 to uncover a new view of male-male sexual relationships and their legal regulation in fin-de-siècle China. It moves beyond previous studies' focus on sexological discourse and the world of Peking opera, revealing that sex between men was neither rare nor secret to most denizens of the city. Much older practices and vocabularies surrounding male-male sex endured, even flourished, for far longer than the media or elite discourse might lead one to expect. Testimonies in these archives also make clear how difficult it can be to separate sexual abuse from the need for survival and for erotic fulfillment. Studying how the former imperial capital's many disenfranchised men and the law enforcement prosecuting them defined these boundaries, as well as those of erotic legitimacy more broadly, offers insights for understanding sexual politics in today's China.


This paper applies IAR to simulate the improved AES algorithm and compares with the standard AES algorithm, to demonstrate the fact that improved AES algorithm can not only reduce the code size, but also reduce the overall energy consumption of ZigBee networks.


This paper provides one scheme of the on-board parallel computer system designed for the Nano-satellite. Based on the development request that the Nano-satellite should have a small volume, low weight, low power cost, and intelligence, this scheme gets rid of the traditional one-computer system and dual-computer system with endeavor to improve the dependability, capability and intelligence simultaneously. According to the method of integration design, it employs the parallel computer system with shared memory as the main structure, connects the telemetric system, attitude control system, and the payload system by the intelligent bus, designs the management which can deal with the static tasks and dynamic task-scheduling, protect and recover the on-site status and so forth in light of the parallel algorithms, and establishes the fault diagnosis, restoration and system restructure mechanism. It accomplishes an on-board parallel computer system with high dependability, capability and intelligence, a flexible management on hardware resources, an excellent software system, and a high ability in extension, which satisfies with the conception and the tendency of the integration electronic design sufficiently.


The main purpose of this study was to research the relationship between college athlete's moral selfconcept and sport-related moral development. The method of stratified quota sampling was adopted in this study, in which the group studied was college athletes in the departments of physical education of national universities in Taiwan. In addition, we analyzed our data by descriptive statistics, test of homogeneity and discriminant analysis. The results of the study showed that gender and types of competition do not cause any significant disparity in the perception of moral self-concept and sport-related moral development. In order to promote the athletes' moral selfconcept and enhance the development of sport-related morality, the cognitive development of the athletes' moral self-concept and sport-related moral development could adopt character education, situated teaching, as well as positive reinforcements and feedbacks. [Wang CC., Chia F, Chang CM. The Study of College Athletes' Moral Self-Concept and Sport-Related Moral Development. Life Sci J 2013;10(4):2361-2367] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 315


Inter- and intra-generational value differences are analyzed regarding parents and adolescents orienting at various parenthood models. A concept of parental potential is offered along with its structure and characteristics. Four models of parenthood are highlighted – traditional, solidaristic, delegating, and indefinite ones.


Six subjects wearing either nonreflective or reflective outer garments of equal insulative value (I clo) and unventilated were exposed in 96 experiments to heat pulses of 930, 1210, 1490, and 1770 C for 15, 12, 9, and 2 minutes, respectively. The experiments were designed to simulate a range of re-entry heat exposures produced by malfunction or failure of the air-conditioning system of the vehicle.' Total experimental time included the heat pulse and subsequent recovery period and was constant (40 minutes) for all conditions. Mean weighted skin and rectal temperatures, heart rate, total sweat produced and evaporated, and cardiacoutput, indirectly derived from blood pressure measurements, were the observed physiologic parameters. Evaluation of each parameter, individually, indicates that for some there is no relation between the physiologic response, the type of garment protection, and the level of thermal stress, while for others there is marginal benefit derived from wearing aluminized outer clothing. At only one timeintensity profile did the physiologic penalty of wearing nonreflective outer clothing appear more than marginal. However, even under the most severe conditions of thermal stress and absence of reflective protection, none of the physiologic responses approached tolerance limits in our terms of reference. The thermal protective effectiveness and practicality of the aluminized outer garment for intravehicular aerospace flights is also discussed.


Using tax return dataforl993-2003, we measure how US corporations use tax losses over time. For firms included in our dataset, we find that: (1) approximately 50-60 percent of tax losses are used over a ten-year window as a carryback refund or loss carryforward deduction; (2) approximately 10-20 percent remain to be used; and (3) approximately 25-30 percent are never used. Moreover, many tax losses are used only after a substantial delay. Hence, we find that certain firms and industries incur a significant penalty from the partial loss refund regime due to the erosion in the real value of their tax loss.


A passive coherent location (PCL) system exploits the ambient FM radio or television signals from powerful local transmitters, which makes it ideal for covert tracking. In a passive radar system, also known as PCL system, a variety of measurements can be used to estimate target states such as direction of arrival (DOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA) or Doppler shift. Noise and the precision of DOA estimation are main issues in a PCL system and methods such as conventional beam forming (CBF) algorithm, algebraic constant modulus algorithm (ACMA) are widely analyzed in literature to address them. In practical systems, although it is necessary to reduce the directional ambiguities, the placement of receivers closed to each other results in larger bias in the estimation of DOA of signals, especially when the targets move off bore-sight. This phenomenon leads to degradation in the performance of the tracking algorithm. In this paper, we present a method for removing the bias in DOA to alleviate the aforementioned problem. The simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with an example of tracking airborne targets.