In 1998 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated its first integrated, multimedia (air and water) regulation, known as the Cluster Rule (CR), which aimed to reduce toxic releases from pulp and paper mills. By integrating the air and water regulations, EPA tried to reduce the overall regulatory burden on the affected plants. In this paper, we compare EPA's ex ante expected reductions to an ex post assessment of those reductions. Using data from 1991 to 2009 for approximately 150 pulp and paper mills for both toxic and conventional pollutants, we find significant reductions in chloroform releases, nearly identical to the ex ante prediction of 99 percent reductions. We see some reductions in air toxics, smaller than the ex ante prediction and not always significant. Reductions in VOC emissions are similar in magnitude to the ex ante predictions for OLS models but smaller for fixed-effect models. No significant impact is found on PM10 emissions. We draw conclusions for regulatory impact analyses and retrospective analyses, including the importance of carefully identifying expected compliance methods and the potential sensitivity of these analyses to the definition of the baseline.


Objective:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of pituitrin in difficult laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods: Fifty-one patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy with pelvic adherence basing on medical his tory and physical examination were randomized and received either pituitrin 5 un its ( treatment group, 26 cases)/10ml of normal saline or 10ml of normal saline (control group, 25 cases) injected into uterine fundus, noting the operative tim e and the total blood loss of hysterectomy. Results: The mean total blood loss a nd the mean time in the pituitrin group and normal saline groups were 555.21±22 3.32 ml and 848.54±305.23 ml, 82.36±25.85 min and 105.67±28.48 min, respectiv ely. There are two cases transferred to trans-abdominal hysterectomy in the norm al saline group. There was no pelvic infection in two groups. Conclu sions: It's value to generalization that pituitrin injecting uterine in difficult laparoscopic hysterectomy can decrease blood loss and shorten mean operative time while the rate of transferred to trans-abdominal hysterectomy red uce also.


The article elaborates the results of the sociological survey regarding housing problem of young families in Krasnodar region, where the young people appraise the governmental housing policy and mortgage credit lending system, recite the real methods of housing improvement, and come up with proposals concerning the enhancement of housing policy in the Russian Federation.


This study was conducted to identify the effects of using a traditional laboratory report format and a Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) students" template on pre-service teachers" achievement and science process skills in General Physics Laboratory-I course. In this study, a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group model was used with two experimental groups and one control group for a total of 90 pre-service teachers participating. Within the groups, the SWH form was used in one experimental group, the SWH template with a peer assessment form was used in the other experimental group, and a traditional laboratory report format was used in the control group. Achievement and scientific process skills were examined in the experimental and control groups during the pretest-posttest. According to the findings, between the groups" achievement and scientific process skill scores average that the SWH were applied to and the group that SWH were not applied to, a significant difference were found in favor of experimental groups. Although there were no significant differences between the group using peer assessment and the group without peer assessment, the group using peer assessment reported higher evaluation scores in the SWH student template.


Background: Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is a non-aggressive and safe technique for the clinical management of retinal diseases. Recently, the number of infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has increased due to the incidence of premature births. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the CDI criteria for the ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) in ROP infants with and without plus disease. Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, 42 premature infants (21 infants with plus disease and 21 infants without plus disease) underwent CDI. The arterial CDI parameters, including end-diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and peak systolic velocity (PSV), were measured in these patients. After collecting the data, t-test and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean EDV of CRA in patients with and without plus disease was 4.35 ± 1.00 and 5.27 ± 1.02 cm/sec, respectively (P = 0.005). The mean PSV of CRA in patients with and without plus disease was 15.65 ± 3.35 and 18.39 ± 4.39 cm/sec, respectively (P = 0.029). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of PSV or EDV of OA (P > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups considering the RI and PI of CRA and OA (P > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, CDI criteria, such as EDV and PSV of CRA, were significantly lower in infants with plus disease as compared to those without plus disease. Since detecting the early stages of plus disease is a challenge for ophthalmologists, assessment of these criteria can be helpful for differentiation of these two subgroups of patients. However, further studies with a larger sample size are needed to determine the cutoff value.


In this paper, as a generalization of Bernstein-Stancu type operators of two variable, we introduce a new positive linear operator called Bernstein-Stancu-Chlodowsky on a triangular domain, with mobile boundaries, which extends to [0, ∞) × [0, ∞) as n → ∞. We give some shape properties that are preserved and also obtain weighted approximation properties of these operators.


Objective: To make a further recognizing of the manifestations of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) on clinic and CT images for improving diagnostic accuracy. Methods: The CT images data and its correlated clinic feature of 32 cases with DAI were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The diffuse brain edema were found in 32 cases. 23 cases had hemorrhage lesions (less than 2 cm in diameter ) in brain parenchyma which were at corticomedullary junction, callosum, brain stem, basal gandlia, internal capsule. Subarachnoid hemorrhage 15 cases, intraventricular hemorrhage 7 cases, 8 cases were associated with epidural hematoma/subdural hematoma, and skull fracture 7 cases. Conclusion: CT manifestation and its correlated clinic feature of DAI can provide reliable evidence for the early accurate diagnosis of DAI.


The advantage of hysteresis regulators with double synchronization (HDS-regulator) is connected with the promising combination of the operational and ecological characteristics of the energy conversion process. It causes the increase in interest to study in more detail the HDS-regulator dynamics in application to technical and nature nonlinear systems. And the following question seems to be the most important: whether latent abnormalities in operating process dynamics are possible? The question is actual due to the dominant behavior represents the ensemble of several periodical processes with the same periodicity and different orders of structural changes. The paper focuses on the abnormalities stimulated by the regular interplay between noise and nonlinear effects at the moments of the structural changes. In particular, the mathematical model to describe the interplay is proposed based on the analysis of the experimental bifurcation diagrams. The model represents the variant how to describe the result of the specific effects observed during experimental researches. It is shown that the latent abnormalities can appear due to the amplification of the initially temporary subtle disturbances to the quite long discernible behavior which likes the forthcoming stage of an abnormal process. The scenarios of the HDS-regulator dynamics evolution with/without the proposed model are compared to estimate where the domains of the reveled latent abnormalities can be allocated in the parametrical space. Finally, the comments concerning the influence of the abnormalities on the HDS-regulator operating dynamics are presented.


Throughout centuries, Armenian lands which are the meeting point of many states and civilizations are located on significant point both politically and economically. The fact that this geography is situated in Northsouth, east-west based roads started the interactions between civilizations. That Arabic existence started to be seen in Armenian lands was a glimmer of hope for the Armenians who were oppressed by EastRomans and Sasanians for a long time. For, the identity crisis they experienced has disappeared thanks to the tolerant policies of Arabic people, and this helped Armenians to accept Arabic management easily. Emevis' occupation of Armenian lands in accordance with their policies of expanding their territories caused the significant existence of Arabic government in that geography starting from Muaviye period till the period of Abdulmelik. This study is about the appreciation of Muslim Arabians towards Armenians and the respect shown by them towards Armenians' identity existence as a result of Arabians' policies over Armenians.


Marxist view of scientific knowledge and the thought of Marxist scientific technology and social relationship are the important parts in Marxist sociology.The features of Marxist scientific sociology research mode lie in the concern for scientific and technological problems and social problems.The thought of Marxist scientific sociology is the important enlightenment to the present industrial practice.


Supply chain management, in recent times, has emerged as the basis in many industries (small or large) for creating the integrated relationship between suppliers and customers. Due to continuous growth in last year in supply chain management the environment has become competitive. So in order to respond to competitive pressures companies need to know and understand the new trends in SCM. This paper focuses the emerging trends of SCM in current scenario, and it provides broader awareness of SCM concepts. It addresses this need, by critically reviewing the current status of SCM in Indian context and its point of difference with other countries like China. Managing the Supply chain by making use of I.T. services has paved a new way of confiscating the uncertainty and enhancing the customer service and thus creating a competitive edge.


Synopsis Linear semi-group theory can be used to prove the existence of solutions to the equations of linear elasticity when the elasticity tensor is positive definite. Here, it is shown that this condition is also necessary for the existence of a semi-group. The method is also applied to linear dissipative equations.


In this study we have investigated the structural and electrical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced polyacrylamide (PAM)-based composites. Two types of nanotubes were prepared and used i.e. acid functionalized MWCNT-COOH and amine-functionalized MWCNT-A. The nanocomposite was prepared using the solution cast technique. The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy  ( SEM ), mechanical testing and electrical conductivity measurement. A comparative study has been made on the physical property of PAM/MWCNT-COOH and PAM/MWCNT-A nanocomposites. It was observed that the amine-functionalization of nanotube improved the filler dispersion into the polymer matrix. SEM photographs ascertain that the MWCNT-A nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in PAM matrix. The electrical conductivity of PAM/MWCNT-COOH was in the range of 0.03-0.5 Scm -1 , while PAM/MWCNT-A had higher electrical conductivity of 0.4 to 1.2 Scm -1 . The ultimate tensile strength of PAM/MWCNT-A nanocomposites was found to increase from 21-26 MPa, relative to PAM/MWCNT-COOH series (19-23 MPa).


Medical faculties are embracing a modernistic approach to the teaching of anatomy that integrates diagnostic imaging largely through post‐mortem computed tomography (CT) scanning of body donors. Though this integration provides valuable learning opportunities, this approach still poses many challenges.


Eighty-one patients with atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis received a 1-week treatment with 0.1% betamethasone alone on one side and 0.1% betamethasone plus 2% fusidic acid on the other side. Clinically, the combination was marginally superior and in patient preference a significant difference in favour of the combination was recorded. Bacteriologically, the combination eliminated 67% of bacteria originally present in the skin lesions compared with 51% with steroid alone.


In this paper, we present the automatic design methods with rule base size reduction for fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs). The adaptive schema is divided into two phases: the first phase is concerned with the adaptive learning method for optimizing the MFs parameters based on the binary coded genetic algorithms. The second phase is about the learning and reducing: automatically generate the fuzzy rules and at the same time apply the genetic reduction technique to determine the minimum number of fuzzy rules required in building the fuzzy models. In the rule base, the redundant rules are removed by setting their all consequents weight factor to zero and merging the conflicting rules during the learning process. The real and binary coded coupled genetic algorithms are applied for generating the optimal controllers that reduce the rule base size and optimal selection of fuzzy sets. Optimizing the MFs of FLCs with learning and reducing the number of fuzzy control rules concurrently represents a way to improve the computational efficiency and interpretability of FLCs to minimize the errors. The control algorithm is successfully tested for intelligent control of two degrees of freedom inverted pendulum. Finally, the simulation studies exhibits competing results with high accuracy that demonstrate the effective use of the proposed algorithm.


Bioeconomy mainly refers to an economic system based on the sustainable production, conversion, and utilization of biological resources, such as crops, forests, fish, and microorganisms, to produce food, feed, energy, and other products [...]


Due to the importance of crude palm oil (CPO) in Indonesia economy, any policy elated to CPO industry should be comprehensively designed and analyzed its impacts on the industry and the economy as a whole. A scientific approach to designed and analyze policies is by simulating those policies into an economic model of the industry. In response to requirement, a study has been conducted to develop an international model of crude palm oil market. The model consists of 18 sub-models, that are, a world model, 16 individual or grouped country models, and an Indonesia model which is specified in relatively more detail. A general characteristic of the model is that the shot-term responses of production, consumption, export, and import toward the changes in CPO and competing oil prices are inelastic. Using the model and a time horizon of 1995-2000, production, consumption, export-import are projected to increase by 6.1, 5.0, and 4.1, percent, p.a., respectively. The price is projected to decline to be around US$ 415/ton in 2000


The primary focus of the guide is providing databases for finding articles. Some of the sources provide information for finding books.


ABSTRACT The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) relies on the longitudinal monitoring of blood and urine variables impacted by doping use. Since the introduction of the Haematological Module of ABP, it has quickly become a pivotal tool in anti-doping testing. Nevertheless, the ABP has brought new ethical challenges to the anti-doping community. Of particular importance is whether ABP data should be accessible by athletes or not. Such data disclosure could damage the integrity of the anti-doping system as athletes may monitor effectively the results of their doping habits. Moreover, there might be other ramifications resulting from data disclosure. Another issue is how incidental findings within ABP data, such as data indicating a potential underlying pathology, should be reported. In this regard, the inclusion of additional data in the ABP, such as variables involved in hormonal axes or -omics data, could bring new challenges. Crucial to the disclosure of incidental findings is the manner in which they should be disclosed and to whom. Some genotyping information may be useful for anti-doping authorities although this brings difficulties such as the return of information in case variants are also linked to medical conditions, the potential that such information fuels prejudices against particular groups, the restrictions of genetic information in occupational health and insurance and the proportionality of the collection of such data. In view of the obstacles the aforementioned issues might bring for the anti-doping community, it is evident that discussions should take place proactively to ensure robust and sound policy in the future.


A well‐preserved Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) moraine set in the Quemuqu Valley on the eastern slope of the Qiongmu Gangri Peak offers great potential for reconstructing LGM glacier extent and examining LGM climate in the region. This study employed a coupled and physics‐based mass balance and ice‐flow model to investigate glacier sensitivities to climate in the valley. Based on the sensitivity tests and the well‐preserved LGM moraines, the study also reconstructed the LGM glacier extent in the valley and assessed the magnitude of cooling for the LGM period. Model results suggest that the Quemuqu Valley sustained an ice volume of 6.80±0.16 km3 in the LGM period. Temperature depression of 3.1–4.3 °C, combined with 30–70% modern precipitation, is likely to have supported the LGM glacier extent in the valley. The temperature inference for the LGM period is comparable with other independent palaeoclimate evidence in the region. However, there is a large difference in the reconstructed glacier volume (ice thickness) between previous research and the current study. The glacier model used here directly calculates the ice thickness and needs relatively less field evidence to constrain the model simulations. It is therefore advocated to use such a model to reconstruct past glaciers and their corresponding climates for other valleys of the Tibetan Plateau.


Nowadays, as people's living standards become higher, the development of science and technology in all walks of life is gradually innovating, and at the same time, people's demand for electricity has also become higher. Due to the increasing demand for electricity, it has caused certain troubles and challenges to my country's power companies, and at the same time, it has also brought many opportunities to power companies. In the development process of electric power enterprises, for the analysis of the power distribution line system of the circuit, the line is connected by the power supply plant and a large amount of ionization to form a relationship between a bond and a bridge. The technicians have formulated new system schemes and preventive measures from the analysis of equipment failures in the distribution lines.


Discover the knowledge from healthcare system is used to improve the health and healthcare delivery. There are many data mining techniques available to discover the knowledge from clinical dataset. This system provides the knowledge about diabetes through fuzzy based ontology. Fuzzy logic is applied to the dataset to extract the knowledge. Fuzzification, fuzzy inference, defuzzification are the steps used in fuzzy logic. Here Trapezoidal membership function is applied to convert crisp value into fuzzy value or linguistic terms in the fuzzification process. This extracted knowledge is represented in the form ontology. Ontology provides the relationship between symptoms and how such factors are depend one another to predict the disease at early stage.


The QinghaiTibet Railway is a highland railway with highelevations, its lightning protection as concerned as highland and frozen soil is left to be researched. Grounding in tundra is the key technology of lightning protection based on the analysis of thunderstorm and geology status on site. Some new methods of grounding for lightning protection in tundra to be tested and problems still to be settled are presented.


The difference between the nucleons of the early Universe and the current stage has been discussed about their mass and radius.We show that the same difference also occurres in other particles such as e,v_e,γ.The abnormal mass and the magnetic moment of three generation leptons have been calculated.The abnormal magnetic moment of the current leptons shows its observable effect.As to the leptons of early Universe,its abnormal magnetic moment was eliminated greatly and thus it can be regard as dot-like paritcles.


A time-of-flight neutron reflectometer is to be built at the new 20 MW research reactor (OPAL) in Sydney. The instrument will be positioned at the end of a curved supermirror neutron guide that will provide optimal transmission of cold neutrons (2–20 A) while removing fast neutrons and high-energy γ-rays. The reflectometer will utilise a white neutron beam that will be pulsed using a series of boron coated disc choppers. Typically three angle settings will be required to collect a complete reflectivity profile (from Q z = 0.005–0.5 A− 1). The new instrument will operate with a vertical scattering plane, making it suitable for both solid and "free-liquid" surfaces. The instrument will also be capable of producing a spin-polarized neutron beam making provision for polarized neutron reflectometry studies. Detection of the reflected neutrons will take place using a 2-dimensional 3He delay-line detector with high-speed data acquisition electronics.


This study endeavors to propose factors that should be intensively managed by using an IPA model to analyze the strengths of military logistics. Based on the improvement measures, we constructed a questionnaire with 5 points of Likert scale and analyzed the importance and satisfaction through SPSS 23. Examination of several evaluation factors revealed 'expansion of and modernization storage facilities' as the most important factor, 'merger and abolition of regional logistics work' (3.56) had the highest satisfaction level. Factors involving the expansion and modernization of the storage facilities showed the largest difference between importance level and satisfaction level, at 2.01. This indicates the necessity for an overall review of the expansion and modernization of storage facilities related to military logistics. This study aims to identify the areas that should be improved firstly in military logistics and concentrate on management to create more effective results. Thus it suggests that this study has a concentration on management for the streamlining of military logistics.


This bachelor work discusses philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas and mainly it aims to accent its ethical dimension. It concentrates to some terms which have a different and possibly more profound meaning in his philosophy, e.g. face, responsibility, freedom. This work originates mainly from Levinas's work entitled "Totality and infinity" from 1961 and other original works and secondary literature. This work aims at description of complicated human destiny - human that have to become human personality later on. Work outlines fate of being, who can meet the Face of the Other, who is his/her fellow, throught overcoming himself/herself. Life will become free and fertile (in a spiritual sense, too) when accepting the responsibility. This work wants to show Levinas's priority of ethics before ontology. It evidences that Levinas's philosophy can serve as an inspiration for domains which are considered "nonphilosophical".


This paper presents a protocol for packet switched optical LANs using a star topology. The key element in this network is the use of an intelligent hub, which controls the traffic flow and which provides controls for adding and removing new stations from the network. The intelligent hub allows this network design to be scalable, easy to administer and manage, and reduces the complexity and costs of the network interface devices that will be needed at each station. The network makes use of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) as well as time division multiplexing (TDM) to fully exploit the fiber's bandwidth. Each station will have a tunable transmitter and a slow speed tunable receiver for data traffic and a fixed receiver and fixed transmitter for use on the control channel.


type="main" xml:id="smj2277-abs-0001"> Stock options are thought to align the interests of CEOs and shareholders, but scholars have shown that options sometimes lead to outcomes that run counter to what they are meant to achieve. Building on this research, we argue that options promote a lack of caution in CEOs that manifests in a higher incidence of product safety problems. We also posit that this relationship varies across CEOs, and that the effect of options will depend upon CEO characteristics such as tenure and founder status. Analyzing product recall data for a large sample of FDA-regulated companies, we find support for our theory . Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper is a critical commentary on the papers by Rigby, and Webber and Tonkin that are part of this special issue of Environment and Planning A on "Analytical political economy".


Two computer simulations were developed and used to investigate systems thinking and environmental problem solving in children. Ninety-two primary school children (aged 8 years and 11 years) interacted with computer simulation of either a deforestation problem or a water depletion problem. The children's task was to manipulate the simulation thereby enabling it to run for as long as possible before resources—water or trees—were exhausted. This could be achieved via a number of strategies and their use by the two groups of children was compared. Through efficient use of resources and recycling strategies, the older children outperformed the younger children. Magical thinking was more prevalent among the 8-year-olds. The results also suggest that seemingly isomorphic environmental problems may not be interpreted as such.


The Polish election of 2001 marked the reconstruction of the Polish right in parliament, the exit of the former governing parties and the entry of four new parties into parliament including, for the first time, some openly Eurosceptic parties. There is some debate amongst academics and journalists about the character of these new parties. This paper looks at how the Polish people themselves characterized the new parties, how they placed them on a left-right scale, and how far they sympathized with them--even if they did not actually vote for them. Although some academic commentators have argued that Europe was not an important issue in that election, our survey suggest that the "most important" issues had little impact on sympathies for either old or new parties, while Europe had a strong impact-yet for essentially pragmatic rather than cultural or nationalist reasons.


AbstractChapter 1 IntroductionChapter 2 Wide Area Interconnection2.1 Bandwidth requirements 72.2 International connectivity 7Chapter 3 Specification of Network Components3.1 IPv6 capable router 83.2 ATM infrastructure 93.3 Nameservers 93.4 IPv6 client machines 9Chapter 4 IPv4 NetworkChapter 5 IPv6 Network5.1 The IPv6 address structure 115.2 National IPv6 connectivity 115.3 International connectivity 135.4 Norwegian IPv6 address structure 13Chapter 6 ConclusionAcknowledgmentsReferences


The combination of transient otoacoustic emissions (TOAE) and auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABR) allows us to identify a group of patients with auditory neuropathy (AN), whose clinical and therapeutic implications constitute a challenge in our otological practice. The pediatric population studied by us has not manifested an alteration in the neurological examination or in the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain or the inner ears. TOAE and type A tympanograms,they were registered in 100% of the cases. Stapedial reflexes and ABR were absent in all patients. In tonal or behavioral audiometry, the degree of sensorineural hearing loss ranged from mild to moderate, being bilateral in all cases. The children who collaborated in the verbal tests showed a disproportionate decrease in the comprehension of the word that did not correspond to their tonal audiograms. Previous findings suggest that the lesion is sensorineural, with normal cochlear outer hair cell function (TOAE present). It cannot be determined whether the lesion is located in the inner hair cells, in the eighth pair, or in both. The most probable etiologies that have justified AN have been: hyperbilirubinemia, perinatal anoxia, prematurity or idiopathic. The result of speech rehabilitation with hearing aids shows limited effectiveness. All patients are being treated by a language therapist. The success of this therapy depends on its early introduction.


Geostationary satellites are unique among orbital spacecraft in that they experience no appreciable atmospheric drag. After concluding their respective missions, geostationary spacecraft remain in orbit virtually in perpetuity. As such, they represent some of human civilization's longest lasting artifacts. With this in mind, the EchoStar XVI satellite, to be launched in fall 2012, will play host to a time capsule intended as a message for the deep future. Inspired in part by the Pioneer Plaque and Voyager Golden Records, the EchoStar XVI Artifact is a pair of gold-plated aluminum jackets housing a small silicon disk containing 100 photographs. The Cover Etching, the subject of this paper, is etched onto one of the two jackets. It is a temporal map consisting of a star chart, pulsar timings, and other information describing the epoch from which EchoStar XVI came. The pulsar sample consists of 13 rapidly rotating objects, 5 of which are especially stable, having spin periods <10 ms and extremely small spin-down rates. In this paper, we discuss our approach to the time map etched onto the cover and the scientific data shown on it, and we speculate on the uses that future scientists may have for its data. The other portions of the EchoStar XVI Artifact will be discussed elsewhere.


We propose a method to assist fault mitigation in quantum computation through the use of sensors co-located near physical qubits. Specifically, we consider using transition edge sensors colocated on silicon substrates hosting superconducting qubits to monitor for energy injection from ionizing radiation, which has been demonstrated to increase decoherence in transmon qubits. We generalize from these two physical device concepts and explore the potential advantages of colocated sensors to assist fault mitigation in quantum computation. In the simplest scheme, colocated sensors beneficially assist rejection of calculations potentially affected by environmental disturbances. Investigating the potential computational advantage further required development of an extension to the standard formulation of quantum error correction. In a specific case of the standard three-qubit, bit-flip quantum error correction code, we show that given a 20% overall error probability per qubit, approximately 90% of repeated calculation attempts are correctable. However, when sensor-detectable errors account for 45% of overall error probability, the use of colocated sensors uniquely associated with independent qubits boosts the fraction of correct final-state calculations to 96%, at the cost of rejecting 7% of repeated calculation attempts.


Objective To describe the distribution of the drinking water source with high levels of arsenic in Jiangsu province,and to provide evidence for control and prevention of endemic arsenism.Methods The water arsenic was screened with half-quantitative method of fast test-kit.The samples with level of arsenic ≥0.03mg/L were sent to Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention for quantitative analysis.The data were analyzed with Arcview GIS 3.2 linked to electronic maps of Jiangsu province.Results The total number of screened samples was 9427 and the number of samples with the level of arsenic ≥0.05 mg/L was 220,which mainly distributed in areas of Sihong and Xuyi county along Huaihe River,Hongze Lake,and Anhui province.The distribution of drinking water source with high level of arsenic in Jiangsu province has spatial characters analyzed by Arcview GIS 3.2 software.Conclusion There are certain areas with high level arsenic in drinking water in Jiangsu province,and they are mainly distributed in shallow wells.


Clinicians are not always able to find a randomized trial to guide their selection of the treatment most likely to help a specific patient; in these situations, randomized trials in single patients (n-of-1 trials) can be a useful tool. This article summarizes a stepwise approach for deciding if a n-of-1 trial is adequate and for its planning. An n-of-1 trial is indicated only if 1) the effectiveness of the treatment is really in doubt, the treatment is to be continued long-term, and the patient is eager to collaborate; 2) the treatment has a rapid onset, ceases soon after it is discontinued, and relevant outcomes can be measured; 3) it can be performed in the actual practice setting; 4) the study is ethical.


In most sensor applications,users are interested in querying some aggregate form of data(e.g.,average temperature).This paper proposes two energy-efficient algorithms to process precision-constrained aggregate queries of one-shot.It shows via NS-2-based simulation that the proposed algorithms achieve a superior performance,and discusses how to find out the optimal precision configuration,which is an important parameter for application performance.


The need for prediction is now widely recognized and frequently articulated as an objective of research programs in aquatic science. This recognition is partly the legacy of earlier advocacy by the...


Set forth herein the embodiment of system can perform the adjusting of difficulty of automatic granularity.In some embodiments, adjusting of difficulty is that user is imperceptible.In addition, the embodiment of system disclosed herein can check the historical user activity data on one or more video-games, forecast model is kept with the game for generating the instruction that the expected duration played is played in prediction.The game holding forecast model can apply to the activity data of user, to determine that user plays the instruction of the expected duration of game., can be with the difficulty level of adjust automatically video-game based on the identified expected duration for playing game.


We study the dynamics of the distribution of wealth in an economy with infinitely lived agents, intergenerational transmission of wealth, and redistributive fiscal policy. We show that wealth accumulation with idiosyncratic investment risk and uncertain lifetimes can generate a double Pareto wealth distribution.


Loosely-coupled distributed systems have evolved using message passing as the main paradigm for sharing information. Other paradigms used in loosely-coupled distributed systems, such as rpc, are usually implemented on top of an underlying message- passing system. On the other hand, in tightly-coupled architectures, such as multi-processor machines, the paradigm is usually based on shared memory with its attractively simple programming model. The shared-memory paradigm has recently been extended for use in more loosely-coupled architectures and is known as distributed shared memory in this context. This chapter discusses some of the issues involved in the design and implementation of such a dsm in loosely-coupled distributed systems and briefly discusses related work in other fields.


Joseonyesuljwa performed the Toseongnang by Han Taecheon in Tokyo in 1935. Toseongnang was a work for the New Year Literary Drama Award of Dongailbo in 1935, and it was the work that had planned to perform by Geugyesuryeonguhoe once. Although the Korean performance by Geugyesuryeonguhoe was not successful, the performance of Joseonyesuljwa could be concluded. There are still a lot of data about the theatrical performances, and the performances at that time can be partially restored. This study was conceived with the purpose of discussing the significance and value of the theatrical performance in 1935, focusing on the slope as the stage design of the reconstructed Toseongnang. This is the reason it was not a one-time event held in Tokyo, but was a good example of introducing realism theaters into Korea and exploring important principles of the modern drama.


It's time for your company to start planning for the holiday party. But it's not fun to do the same things year after year or to do what everyone else is doing. So, this year, stand out by considering these four Amusement Masters' super-fun entertainment...


Climate changes and raising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to influence tree and forest development. However, the direction and intensity of the tree and forest responses are diverse, and long-term studies are scarce.  Here, we studied responses of Quercus mongolica to climate over the last 117 years based on the tree-ring width, δ13C-derived physiological parameters (Δ13C, Ci and iWUE) and δ18O in Jeju Island, South Korea. Trend and change point analyses were performed to the radial tree growth, physiology and climate, and tree responses-climate relationships were analysed temporally and spatially. iWUE significantly increased since 1900 but decadal variations were observed in 1950, 1975 and 2010, revealing an evolving physiological response. iWUE was mainly driven by stimulated photosynthesis under no water limitations. This photosynthetic stimulation was driven mainly by the atmospheric CO2 fertilization, warming and higher radiation, probably through the simultaneous influence on the phenology and physiology of trees. At a local scale, higher radiation combined with less cloudy conditions were the factors with the greatest positive influence on tree growth, while at a regional scale land and sea surface temperatures positively influenced both tree growth and physiology. Moreover, all these responses strongly intensified after the 1970s, showing that tree responses are not temporary stable. Altogether, the present results indicated that the physiology and growth of Q. mongolica from eastern Asia are driven by a combination of climatic, ecological and anthropogenic factors. Moreover, the significant, rapid and unprecedented changes in the tree responses indicated that trees may benefit from recent global changes, showing a physiology-driven growth enhancement. This represents a key understanding of trees and forests ecosystems responses to future climate changes, which is relevant to assess and design global change mitigation strategies.


The Ministry of Education held a press conference on May 12, 2020, stating that the number of college graduates in the class of 2020 has exceeded 8.74 million, an increase of 400,000 year-on-year, and once again set a record high. It can be seen that the development of my country's college education has become more and more rapid, which has caused the employment of college students to become a big problem, and the situation is even more severe for economic management majors. Therefore, the economic management majors of major colleges and universities should build an entrepreneurial and employment-oriented education model to improve the difficulty of employment for college students. In this regard, this article briefly analyzes the main problems existing in the current major colleges and universities' economic management professional education model, and proposes corresponding solutions to this, in order to help the majority of colleges and universities' economic management professional education.


This paper presents a switched-beam antenna using circumferential-slot on a concentric sectoral cylindrical cavity excited by coupling slots to operate at 5.8 GHz. The advantages of this antenna are conformal structure, high directivity and capable of switched-beam pattern in six directions. The antenna design starts from a single sector which is capable of switching between radiating and non-radiating modes. The L-shaped coupling slots are proposed to accommodate the switching circuit. Each RF switch is made of two PIN diodes connected in a reverse series connection and placed across the slot at the appropriate location. Subsequently, the exciting probe is designed for matching TM01 mode of the circular waveguide. The measured results of the proposed antenna give a gain of 7 dBi and |S11| less than −20 dB at 5.8 GHz. This antenna is suitable for base station applications that require the switched-beam pattern in the azimuthal plane. Received 22 July 2011, Accepted 25 August 2011, Scheduled 1 September 2011 * Corresponding author: Denchai Worasawate (email@example.com). 128 Wounchoum et al.


Recently, ester based insulating oils including both natural ester and synthetic ester are being considered as potential alternatives to petroleum based mineral oil due to their better environmental friendly, higher fire safety, non-toxic and continuous overloading benefits. Ester oil has higher permittivity than mineral oil due to chemical compositions. Hence, the higher permittivity of ester oil affects electrical stress distribution in insulation system of transformer and it can also affects frequency response analysis of transformer during sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA). In this paper, to evaluate the differences in permittivity of natural ester and mineral oil, SFRA are performed for a given same winding geometry and insulation arrangement. The mineral oil transformer frequency responses are considered as a reference response and its results are compared with natural ester oil transformer. The frequency domain responses are evaluated using graphical analysis and commonly used numerical indicators of correlation coefficient, standard deviation, absolute sum of logarithmic error, mean square error and Max-min ratio.


Givotia rottleriformis has been used in the indigenous systems of medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases like rheumatism and psoriasis. In order to evaluate this information, antipsoriatic activity of three flavonoids isolated from the ethanol extract of the bark of Givotia rottleriformis were investigated using in-vitro and in-vivo model, namely Rutin (I), Luteolin-7-O-β-D-Glucuronide (II) and Kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside (III). The extract was standardized by HPLC using chemical markers. In vitro antiproliferant assay of the ethanol extract and isolated flavonoids were done on HaCaT cell lines. Mouse tail test was used for the evaluation of antipsoriatic activity of ethanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) and bioactive flavonoids (50 mg/kg b.w.) in Swiss albino mice. In the HPLC analysis, 4 flavonoids were identified by comparison with retention time of standard marker viz., Rutin, Quercetin, Kaempferol and Luteolin. Maximum antiproliferant activity was shown by isolated flavonoids II and III (56.50±12.84μg/ml and 76.50±8.60μg/ml). In mouse tail model, a significant reduction in epidermal thickness with respect to control was observed in groups treated with isolated flavonoids II, III and significant orthokeratosis was observed in groups treated with ethanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) and isolated flavonoids II, III.


SEPTEMBER 2007 122 IEEE Expert Now Offers SLAM Tutorial "SLAM, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping" is the newest offering of IEEE Expert Now. IEEE Expert Now selects the best IEEE educational materials from meetings, conferences, and workshops around the world and delivers it in a series of engaging and highly interactive, one-hour online learning courses developed by recognized experts in a wide range of engineering and research technologies. This one-hour online course was prepared and presented by Henrik Christensen, KUKA Chair of Robotics and a Distinguished Professor at the College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology especially for the IEEE Expert Now collections. Production of the course was sponsored by RAS. This course covers the general area of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Initially the problems of localization, mapping and SLAM are introduced from a methodological point of view. Different methods for representation of uncertainty will be introduced including their ability to handle single and multi-mode uncertainty representations. A number of example applications are discussed. After completing this course students should be able to develop an understanding of the dependency on different types of map representation and the data association problem. IEEE Members may purchase the SLAM course or other IEEE Expert Now modules through IEEE Xplore, at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/modules/modulebrowse.jsp. Individual IEEE Expert Now courses are only available for purchase by IEEE Members at the price of US$69.95 each for 30 days of unlimited access to the course. The entire collection of IEEE Expert Now courses is available for purchase as a subscription by institutions. See http:// www.ieee.org/expertnow. IEEE Expert Now online courses offer Continuing Education Units for maintaining professional licensure and certifications (.3 CEUs/3 PDHs issued for successful completion of course). For more information about the CEU program see http://www.ieee.org/web/education/ceus/index.html. ICRA 2007 Panel on the Future of Robot Operating Systems The January 2007 cover story of Scientific American was "Dawn of the Age of the Robots" by Bill Gates. Gates compares the fragmented, homebrew culture of home computers in the 1970s to today's culture around home robots and automation, which he feels is poised for a similar transformation. Gates argues that as Microsoft (MS) BASIC was a catalyst for portability, the new MS Robotics Studio (MRS) will facilitate progress by providing libraries for concurrency and distributed wireless control for mobile robots and a growing variety of peripheral physical devices. To facilitate discussion in the Robotics and Automation research community, we organized a Panel at ICRA 2007 that was open to all conference participants. Panel Cochairs: ◆ Ken Goldberg, RAS VP for Technical Activities ◆ Bruno Siciliano, ICRA'07 Program Chair Panelists: ◆ Tandy Trower (MS Robotics Group, USA) ◆ Herman Bruyninckx (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium) ◆ Gian Paolo Gerio (Comau Robotica, Italy) ◆ Nobuto Matsuhira (Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corp., Japan) ◆ Paolo Pirjanian (Evolution Robotics, USA) The panel began with a presentation of the MRS by Tandy Trower, followed by presentations by each of the four other panelists and Q&A with the audience. Tandy Trower gave a concise overview of the MRS motivation and goals, noting that MS makes the system available for free to students and non-profit researcher groups. The other panelists provided perspectives on other efforts to develop new robot operating systems. In particular, concerns were raised about how MS's proprietary MRS might limit competition and may not yield the best possible system. Several in the audience urged MS to make its system open source. In the next issue, we will present an article by Jared Jackson of MS describing the new MRS in more detail. The discussion will continue in future issues. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/M-RA.2007.906719 I N D U S T R Y / R E S E A R C H N E W S


The Hippo signaling pathway controls organ size and tumorigenesis through a kinase cascade that inactivates Yes‐associated protein (YAP). Here, we show that YAP plays a central role in controlling the progression of cervical cancer. Our results suggest that YAP expression is associated with a poor prognosis for cervical cancer. TGF‐α and amphiregulin (AREG), via EGFR, inhibit the Hippo signaling pathway and activate YAP to induce cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration. Activated YAP allows for up‐regulation of TGF‐α, AREG, and EGFR, forming a positive signaling loop to drive cervical cancer cell proliferation. HPV E6 protein, a major etiological molecule of cervical cancer, maintains high YAP protein levels in cervical cancer cells by preventing proteasome‐dependent YAP degradation to drive cervical cancer cell proliferation. Results from human cervical cancer genomic databases and an accepted transgenic mouse model strongly support the clinical relevance of the discovered feed‐forward signaling loop. Our study indicates that combined targeting of the Hippo and the ERBB signaling pathways represents a novel therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.


We describe a new optical system for the detection of laser- induced fluorescence of surface bound molecules. The system consists of two optical elements: a paraboloid glass segment, and a spherical long focal lens. The function of the paraboloid glass segment is twofold: First, due to jump in refractive index at the water-glass interface, surface bound molecules emit the major part of their fluorescence into the paraboloid. Second, the parabolic shape of the segment services as a collecting mirror. We demonstrate that with this simple system an extremely high light collection efficiency can be achieved, without using sophisticated and expensive objectives with high numerical aperture. Ray- tracing calculations show that the system is able of confocal imaging, which is very important for efficient suppression of scattered excitation light. Experimental result showing the exquisite performance and sensitivity are presented.


A 42 year old male admitted to our hospital with abrupt onset of dyspnea one day before admission, dyspnea on exertion and orthopnea. Other symptoms were cough with blood-streaked sputum and chest pain. On physical examination there were signs of pulmonary hypertension. Chest X-Ray showed a space occupying lession (SOL) in the right hilus which was differential diagnosed with enlarged vascular structure and consolidated pneumonia of the left lower lung. To confirm the diagnosis chest MSCT scan with contrast was performed. The result shows pulmonary artery aneurysm with hypoechoic mural thrombus and signs of pulmonary emboli in left inferior lobe. This patient was treated with low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) for pulmonary emboli. For further treatment we planned a surgical therapy, but the patient felt better after five days of treatment. Keywords: pulmonary artery aneurysm, pulmonary hypertension, mural thrombus, pulmonary emboli


The objective of the Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing Integrated Demonstration was to show that several of the individually developed materials and processes to reduce hazardous materials and waste could be successfully used on a single assembly. A methodology was developed that could be used on any product to plan the approach to eliminating hazardous materials. Sample units of an existing design electronic unit were fabricated applying this methodology and substituting nonhazardous materials and processes. The results of this project show that total waste can be drastically reduced by at least an order of magnitude and hazardous material and waste can be essentially eliminated in the manufacture of this type of electronic devices.


Assessments for evaluating compliance with airborne radionuclide emission monitoring requirements in the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs - U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 Part 61, Subparts H and I) were performed for 33 buildings at the U.S. Department of Energy`s (DOE) Pacific Northwest Laboratory on the Hanford Site, and for five buildings owned and operated by Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories in Richland, Washington. The assessments were performed using building radionuclide inventory data obtained in 1992 and 1993. Results of the assessments are summarized in Table S.1 for DOE-PNL buildings and in Table S.2 for Battelle-owned buildings. Based on the radionuclide inventory assessments, four DOE-PNL buildings (one with two emission points) require continuous sampling for radionuclides per 40 CFR 61. None of the Battelle-owned buildings require continuous emission sampling.


The present paper is expository. We give a survey of some simple methods for finding bounds for some special functions. Our results are based on the recurrence relations satisfied by these functions and on some integral representations.


Granulomas are focal infiltrates consisting mainly of macrophages or macrophage-derived cells (epithelioid, giant cells), chiefly in the case of impossibility or slow degradation of specific antigens. The variability of manifestations complicates the clinical and pathological diagnosis of granulomatous skin diseases due to individual patient reactivity and the specifics of often unidentified triggering factors. The mini-review analyses possible approaches to differentiating the most likely localised granulomatous lesions (granuloma annulare, sarcoidosis, tuberculides, leprosy, and lupus miliaris disseminates faciei) by providing recommendations on possible key clinical and histopathological characteristics. The review is illustrated by a case of a localized granulomatous lesion with features that are atypical but possible for some of the diseases discussed, with the most likely diagnosis of granuloma annulare (clinical course, localization, vertical infiltrates, destruction of elastic fibers, accumulation of mucin, solitary eosinophils). Pathologists need to consider different diagnostic approaches for different types of histological diagnoses, which may require opposite therapies. Therefore, the possibility of infection or foreign material in all types of granulomatous inflammation should be considered and PAS staining and polarized light microscopy should be recommended as basic steps in the examination. Special techniques such as Ziehl-Nielsen or Grocott methenamine silver should be also applied to identify the pathogen if necessary. It is essential to have enough tissue for histological examination, including immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction. Pathologists should not hesitate to ask for a larger tissue sample early in the disease if necessary.

Keywords: tuberculoid granuloma, palisade granuloma, ring-shaped granuloma, granulomatosis of the skin, histochemistry, biopsy.


The present invention relates to a flow path control valve, which can be maintained stably by the valve chamber pressure to prevent liquid reflux. Object of the present invention is to provide a flow path control valve, which can be quickly and accurately control the working fluid in the flow path, the working fluid can be prevented reflux without additional check valve, thus reducing the volume of the product. To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, the flow path control valve includes a housing, a valve chamber within which there is, for fluid communication with the inlet and outlet; an opening / closing member movably mounted within the valve chamber, for between an open position and a closed position, thereby opening or closing the passage between the inlet and the outlet; a resilient member mounted in the valve chamber, for opening / closing member biased to a closed position; a solenoid, mounted on the side of the housing for electromagnetically moving the opening / closing valve. Opening / closing member of a side surface formed with a pressure compensation opening, with the valve chamber with an inlet in fluid communication. A bypass pipe with a valve for the liquid chamber via the pressure balance hole to be introduced into the discharge outlet.


The SIGCSE 2019 Technical Symposium paper deadline is fast approaching! (Deadline Reminders: Abstracts August 24, 2018; Full Papers August 31, 2018). The Program Chairs, Associate Program Chairs (APCs), and Reviewers are eagerly awaiting your submissions through EasyChair, our submission management system, which will open for submissions in early July. We're especially excited about the new page length of up to six pages of content with one page for references.


The present invention provides a technique that enables the formation of a recessed upper Surface of an interconnect line to form an inlaid barrier cap layer on top of an inter-connect line to exhibit improved characteristics with respect to electromigration, electrical conductivity, device reliability and performance. The recessed upper Surface of the inter connect line is formed by an accordingly adapted CMP process that allows removing the metal of an upper portion of the interconnect line, while neighboring elevated barrier layer regions are Substantially not affected.


This paper presents a new economic cost-effective solution known as the Web and telephony based method for tracking and tracing of goods and small and medium sized third party logistic providers. Considering that these companies usually operate on very flat margins, a comparison is made of the available track and trace technologies like GPS, mobile phone approximated GPS and Java based cell tracking in terms of costs, operating risks, and other evaluation criteria.


Recently the nuclei 32S, 34S and 40Ca have been examined in detail from an alpha-cluster point of view, adding to previous knowledge on cluster structures in medium light nuclei. But as often in science, new results give rise to more new questions than old ones they answer. In the text below some of these open questions and suggestions for future work are stated.


This study aims to investigate more systematically how they were engendred haling practices unlicenced in the Minas Gerais in the course of the eighteenth century, having as its main agents Africans and mestizos – slaved or freed – give that dispite the constant harassment both secular and religious, these individuals were primarily responsible for the therapeutic actions in the area studed, being driven primarily to remedy the dreaded "spell of illness". In this context, in addiction to the individuals practices of healing, I also give emphasis to collective enthralled by "black trustees" (as they are presented in the percecutory documentation), with special emphasis on the nominess calundus, who also possessed considerable frequency in the eighteenth century Minas Gerais. For thid analysis work primarily with the sources of ecclesiastical repression, specially the devassas eclesiasticas, which functioned at the bishopric and the allegations found in the books of the Holly Office of Procetutor, beyond consult, on an ancillary part of the medical treatises written in period studed, the purpose of realizing the similarities and differences between the actions of representatives of official medicine (particularly surgeons) an those of the trustees illegal.


War has the unique ability to intensify obstacles that surgeons face daily in civilian hospitals. After a brief overview of the historical context of the first and second world wars, this article will focus on how those daily challenges, namely limited skill, bleeding, and infection, led to an era of surgical innovation and standardization of surgical education.


Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reduced new dose in rectal sedation by thiopental sodium for computed tomography (CT) diagnostic imaging.


The present study was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm (ARF), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP), Pakistan during 2015. Seven maize cultivars, namely Azam, Jalal, Babar, Pahari, Iqbal, Climax 3055 and Climax 30M62 were tested. Results of the proximate chemical composition of maize cultivars showed the moisture percentage in the range of 9.59%-12.27%. Similarly ash content was recorded in the range of 0.83%-1.13%, crude fats of 2.65% -2.97%, crude protein in the range of 10.03%1.96%, fiber of 0.89%-1.37% while carbohydrates content of 71.12%-75.31% respectively. From the correlation matrices of the insect pests densities with biochemical characters, minimum moisture percentage, minimum protein content, higher ash content were proved to have contribution for resistance in maize cultivars against the insect pest attack. From the information mentioned above, the maize cultivar Climax 3055 was proved resistant while Pahari was proved susceptible cultivar among the seven tested maize cultivars.


The invention provides an enteric solid preparation using feinuobeite acid and feinuobeite salt as major ingredients and a preparation method thereof. The invention relates to an enteric solid preparation using feinuobeite and feinuobeite salt or feinuobeite hydrate as active ingredients and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims at providing a novel preparation of feinuobeite and feinuobeite salt for a large number of patients and medical personnel, and the novel preparation of feinuobeite and feinuobeite salt fully exerts the medicine curative effect, reduces the adverse effect, is convenient for children and old people to take in a decrement way, is convenient to carry, store and transport, and is suitable for large-scale production. The invention uses the feinuobeite and the feinuobeite salt or the feinuobeite hydrate as the active ingredients, some accessory ingredients of specified types are proportionally added into the ingredients for being prepared into enteric grains or pellets according to the process provided by the invention, and the ingredients can be further prepared into dry suspension preparations, capsules or tablets.


factors are given barely 10 pages each. They are the national policy style, the party-political scene, and the organised medical profession. This balance is particularly unfortunate when it comes to party politics. By narrowing his data to statements in party policy documents, Garpenby is able to conclude that politics have not been particularly important (a view no doubt confirmed by interviewing administrators and doctors). In part two a similar imbalance occurs when he compares five 'areas of potential dispute'. Two of these—'the consultative process at national level' and ' the scope for private practice' take up almost 60 pages while the remaining 'disputes'—the medical advisory machinery, the licensing system and the disciplinary machinery—are dismissed in 25 pages. The book is therefore at its most detailed on those areas that other studies have already covered quite adequately. However, Garpenby's reading of the differences between the two countries is interesting and, if accurate, puzzling. Historically he shows that the Swedish health care system and profession have always been more involved with the public sector and in consequence less able to preserve their autonomy. In the nineteenth century many of Sweden's hospitals were in the public sector, while those in the UK were voluntary foundations. In the 1970s the Social Democratic government forced all doctors in the public sector to become salaried employees: something British doctors have been able to resist. Garpenby argues that the centralised organisation of Swedish doctors into one national trade union, far from giving them power has made them rather rule-bound and inflexible. In contrast, the proliferation of different professional associations and 'trade unions' in the UK has enabled doctors to band together when necessary and employ guerrilla tactics when it suits them. One gets an impression of a Swedish profession reduced to one body amongst many significant others, whereas in the UK, doctors have had a special relationship with government denied to other groups with an interest in the NHS. Garpenby clearly sees the Swedish reputation for extensive corporatist-based consultation as something of a sham. This makes it difficult to assume that the enormous public health care sector in Sweden has been generated by a powerful set of medical interests. It is therefore unfortunate that the author has not allowed himself more scope for examining wider political factors, and has failed to deal adequately with the one glaring difference between the two systems—the fact that in Sweden it is the county councils that run health care. That said, this is a useful addition to our knowledge of Swedish and British health care and the policy-making processes in both countries.


Purpose: Medical professionalism is an important component of medical education. This study was conducted to investigate professional behaviors as perceived by physicians. Method: A self - administered questionnaire was mailed to graduates of a private medical university. Respondents rated the importance of 24 professional behaviors using a 5 - point scale along two dimensions: importance of the behavior being taught at school (academic setting) and importance of practicing the behavior as a physician (clinical setting). Results: Of 3,188 alumni, 417 (13.1%) responded to the survey. Mean age was 46.3 years, and 71.9% were male. The most important behavior for both dimensions was confidentiality of patient information. Significant differences in responses between academic and clinical settings were found in 19 of 24 behaviors; of them, 4 items were rated as more important in the academic setting than in the clinical setting and 15 items were rated as more important in the academic setting than in the clinical setting. No differences between settings were found for 5 items. Low scores were seen for not falling asleep in conferences and for demonstrating appropriate boundaries with pharmaceutical company representatives. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that the perceived importance of professional behaviors is different between the academic and clinical settings. A future study should aim to improve medical education on professionalism by exploring the content of professional behaviors in more detail.


Introduction: The imaging spectrometer MERTIS (Mercury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer, Figure 1) is part of the payload of ESA/JAXA's recently launched BepiColombo mission [1,2]. The instrument consists of an IR-spectrometer and radiometer, which observe the surface in the wavelength range of 7-14 μm and 7-40 μm, respectively. The scientific objectives [2,3] are to a) study Mercury's surface composition, b) identify rock-forming minerals, c) globally map the surface mineralogy, and d) study surface temperature and thermal inertia.


The invention relates to a system (10) and a method for providing a gas for the ventilation of a patient (P), in which a valve arrangement (14) to a gas supplied with low-pressure gas source (12) is connected and an outlet (20) of the valve arrangement (14) with a conduit assembly (22) of a ventilation device (24) comprising an inspiratory line (26) is at least pneumatically coupled to said valve assembly for conveying a gas from the gas source (12) driven in the direction of the line assembly (22) in such a way is that in the inspiratory line (26) inhaled air to the patient at a predetermined flow rate, a predetermined pressure and / or a predetermined ventilation frequency is generated.


The topic of this dissertation concerns immensely current and important field of psycho-didactic knowledge which is linked to the essence of social and personal development of children, young people and adults in the age of "the society of knowledge and progress". Nowadays, the social reality is characterized by fast scientific and technological progress, expiration of simple actions in favour of those which are more complicated mentally and practically which brings about the need for creative and innovative people. In such conditions it is necessary to transform the educational strategies on all levels. That is why this dissertation outlines the theoretical model of personality with the special attention being paid to special and creative talents in systemic, holistic and interactive perspectives. This model also takes into consideration the individual differences in human psyches which make the structure of these talents so diverse and remote from the traditional schema based on the theory of intelligence. The delineated model of psyche shows the necessity to reconstruct the didactic system which means the departure from reproductive and presentative  strategies (the traditional school system) and acceptance of the poli-method strategies (modern school system, based on the interaction of individual differences).


Aretism: An Ancient Sports Philosophy for the Modern Sports World is a valuable book for students and academics interested in the philosophy and history of sport, but can also appeal to all those in sports professions, including coaches, trainers and athletes. The book, apart from offering a comprehensive historical review of the development of sport, presents a thoughtprovoking critique of the two traditional models identified in its history: the martial/commercial (MC) and the aesthetic/recreational (AR), while it further suggests that 'Aretism' shall be the idealmodel to be adopted. The authors proclaim that the book came as a result of their own interrogation of the discrepancies between the modern Olympic motto 'Citius, Altius, Fortius' (Faster, Higher, Stronger) and the ancient Greek thought, which, among other issues (e.g. gambling, drugs and violence), reinforced their belief that the traditional competitive sport is in need of a considerable reform. The book is structured into fourmain parts. Part 1, 'Brief History of Competitive Sport', includes five chapters (Chapters 1–5) which present the historical evolution of competitive sports from its early roots (Sumerian, Greek and Roman) and its development through the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries until its current form of commodification and commercialization. Part 2, 'The MC Model of Competitive Sport', comprises six chapters (Chapters 6–11) which start with a listing of the main features of today's competitive sport and then provide a detailed critique of the failings of it. More specifically, the authors argue that theMCmodel of sport encourages deviant behaviours such as drug use, commitment to performance enhancement at all costs, aggression and violence, exclusion of women, dangerous individualism and obsession with quantification and scores. Thus this naturally leads the reader to the question asked in Part 3, 'Why Can't We Just Enjoy Sports?' In this part, consisting of six chapters (Chapters 12–17), the authors present the counterpart to the MC model, the AR model, which is characterized by the love for fun and play, thus competition is simply a form of play, while rules and others are respected as a precondition of enjoyment. TheARmodel also places an emphasis on the community rather than the individual, as opposed to the MC model, while pleasure, gratification and an appreciation for beauty are greatly valued. In the last chapter of Part 3 (Chapter 17), the aesthetic link between economy and unity is underlined as a suitable cure for the commercially driven sensationalism in competitive sport using vivid examples from traditionally labelled 'non-aesthetic' sports such as rowing. Notwithstanding some significant traits attached to the AR model, the authors contend that both models, MC and AR, are too extreme to follow and therefore they suggest an alternative one, the 'Aretic model'. The last section of this book, Part 4, is perhaps the most fundamental one as it exemplifies the authors' recommendations for a reform of today's sport following this new model. The title 'How Should Sports Be Reformed?' is rather explicit about the authors' attempt to offer a different way of living and experiencing sport which they thoroughly


(63) Continuation of application No. 09/327,393, filed on Jun. 7, 1999, now Pat. No. 6,231.675, which is a continuation of application No. 08/593,022, filed on Jan. 29, 1996, now Pat. No. 5,932,017, which is a continuation of application No. 08/374,279, filed on Jan. 18, 1995, now Pat. No. 5,725,676, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 08/296, 211, filed on Aug. 25, 1994, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 08/099,753, filed on Jul. 30, 1993, now abandoned.


A hybrid coastal defense consisting of a salt‐marsh system at the seaward side and dykes on the landward side has been globally implemented to improve coastal resilience. In this approach, marshes are valuable ecosystems that dampen storm surges and have an intrinsic ability to keep up with sea‐level rise (SLR). Dykes instead, prevent the surge from penetrating inland. Therefore, dyke retreat is now considered a valuable option that allows the creation of new marshland in front of the relocated dyke, thus maximizing surge damping. The studies investigating the effect of dyke retreat on surge modification do not incorporate the morphodynamic expansion of tidal networks in the de‐reclaimed land, which is modeled as an unchannelized marsh. Here, we use the morphodynamic model Delft3D and a marsh evolution module to study the formation of tidal networks in a de‐reclaimed land after dyke retreat and evaluate their effect on surge modification (damping or amplification), and thus, the maximum water level reached at the dyke during a storm surge event. For this purpose, we consider different combinations of hydrodynamic (storm surge peak and duration, SLR), and morphodynamic (sediment input, dyke retreat distance, and de‐reclaimed land slope) parameters. Our results suggest that an increase in tidal prism, which depends on retreat distance, de‐reclaimed land slope, and SLR, drives the century‐scale morphodynamic evolution of the marsh. Results also show that surge damping is overestimated if the morphodynamic evolution of the tidal network after dyke retreat is neglected since the new creeks favor the landward propagation of the surge. Finally, a genetic algorithm is used to determine a relationship between surge modification, marsh morphology, and the morphodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters of the simulations. The relationship indicates that relative surge damping increases for shallower tidal networks, smaller surge peaks, higher marsh platforms, and smaller percentages of channelized area.


Root (wilt) and Tatipaka diseases in India are caused by phytoplasma. Lethal yellowing disease in Caribbean region, Lethal yellowing like disease in west and east Africa and Coconut stem necrosis.in Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia are phytoplasma induced diseases of coconut in other continents. Root wilt disease in India was first reported from Kerala in 1874.Tatipaka disease was first noticed in Andhra Pradesh after the 1949 cyclone. The progress made on various aspects including history, nature of spread, description of external & internal symptoms, etiology abiotic factors, biotic agents implicated in transmission of disease, culturing, chemotherapy, screening of coconut germplasm, breeding for disease resistance/tolerance and disease management is detailed.


This book is different from texts to which we have become accustomed. Although it contains various tables, charts, and figures, it contains no stunning photos or reproductions of other forms of art. The text focuses on the link between social structure and social change as they affect our very personal experiences of marriage and sexual lifestyles. Rouse's approach is sociological, stressing the sociological imagination throughout. Rouse also employs clearly defined sociological concepts, theory, and methods of research. The book presents the inherent contradictions between the traditional family and the pursuit of individualism with an emphasis on the changes that have occurred at the structural level of society. Rouse proposes to present us with diverse views of marriage and human sexuality in society with the understanding that as society changes so do various family structures, their roles, and their values. According to Rouse, employing a sociological imagination, which requires individuals to understand their lived experiences by placing them in social and historical context, as well as the understanding that social forces affect them, will ultimately assist individuals in being better prepared for the unexpected social roles or situations in which they may find themselves. One of the purposes of this book, according to Rouse, is to help students "examine their own values and assumptions, learning to distinguish values from facts, and to expand their knowledge of lifestyles other than their own (xii)." This most assuredly will be an outcome of reading this book. The book consists of nine chapters. Following the introduction, basically an overview of some changes that have taken place in marriage and family, is a chapter on research methods. This contains a fairly thorough overview of key terms and methods of data collection as well as a supplement on two important studies of human sexual behavior, the Kinsey reports and Masters and Johnson research. The research methods chapter is a bit too in-depth without some much needed examples of family and marriage research studies employing each of the various methods.


SWATH ships are being developed for a variety of applications requiring superior seakee ing in rough seas. Certain aspects of the desi n anfoperation of SWATH ships combine with the inaerent hydrostatic characteristics of this type of hull to magnify the importance of tankage arrangement to the successful design and operation of these ships. This paper describes the hull form basis of the problem in comparison to conventional monohulls. The major parameters affecting tankage arrangement are discussed including uncertainty during design, topside ice accumulation, and the role of mission equipment and loads. An a proach to the solution of the problem is described tRat is compatible with the design process. Application of the proposed approach to the arrangement of tankage on a large oceanographic ship is described.


The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant calcium carbide crusher, which comprises a main motor (1), a hydraulic coupler (2), a speed reducer (3), a coupling (4), a main bearing seat (5), a main shaft I (7A), a main shaft II (7B) and a dental plate (9) which are connected in sequence, wherein the main shaft I (7A) and the main shaft II (7B) are arranged on a bottom frame through the main bearing seat (5) and are connected into a whole body by a connecting shaft I (15), a connecting shaft II (18) and a connecting shaft III (19) through a bolt set (16) and a connecting key (17); the connecting shaft I (15) and the connecting shaft III (19) are provided with a degassing groove and a counter bore (20); and a cooling liquid flow passage is formed between a hydraulic cooling system (13) and a cooling tank (8) through the degassing groove and the counter bore (20). The calcium carbide crusher has strong high temperature resistance and a simple structure and can protect normal work of components such as the main bearing seat and a main rack under severe high-temperature environments.


The nature and the status of owner association are not clearly defined in Property Right Law of China.The matched laws and regulations,implementation details,judicial interpretation and so on should be made as soon as possible to solve this core problem in real estate management.Foreign legislation experience should be learned to confirm the corporate personality of qualified owners group,and to make the system related to owners association in more detail,and to consolidate the help and guidance of the related departments of governments for owners association,and to further rationalize the relationship between owners and owners' meeting and owner association so that new problems in the process of the implementation of Property Right Law in the perspective of owners association institutions can be solved.


This experiment by using dry process production of the AA microcapsule products added to infant milk powder,and the study of temperature and storage time on the stability of AA in infant formula milk powder,the conclusion shows that,dry production of infant formula milk powder,adding AA microencapsulated product temperature is 75 ℃,infant formula powder stable quality,and composition of AA loss is little,in line with national standards


Abstract"Program numbers" from a sample of IMF-supported programs are studied as if they were forecasts, through statistical analyses of the relationship between projections and outcomes for growth, inflation, and three balance of payments concepts. Statistical bias is found only for projections of inflation and official reserves. Statistical efficiency can be rejected for all variables except growth, suggesting that some program projections were less accurate than they might have been. Nevertheless, most projections are found to have some predictive value. Since several findings are shown to be sample dependent, the full-sample results should be interpreted cautiously.


Abstract Wherever I happen to be in the world, a small triangle on the map triggers an uncontrollable conditioned response – a trig point! I have go there! And so it happened on a recent holiday in the Sierra Nevada. My eye lighted on the name Mulhacén, adjacent to that symbol. The altitude figure of 3483 metres (11 421 feet) gave some pause – it is the highest point in mainland Spain – but in my surveying days I had climbed almost to that height in Tanganyika and Kenya. But more than the height challenge, there was a romantic association attached to the name Mulhacén. Anyone who has turned the pages of Jordan's Handbuch der Vernlessungskunde [2] will recognise the diagram (Figure 1) showing the vertices of the famous braced quadrilateral constituting the first geodetic connection of Spain to Algeria, or more significantly, Europe to Africa.


In a jet engine, icing phenomena may occur primarily on the fan blades, the fan exit guide vanes (FEGVs), the splitter, and the low-pressure compressor. Accreted ice disturbs the inlet flow and causes large energy losses. In addition, ice accreted on a fan rotor can be shed from the blade surface due to centrifugal force and can damage the compressor components. This phenomenon, which is typical in turbomachinery, is referred to as ice shedding. The ice shedding phenomenon is very complicated because there are several unknown physical properties of ice, such as the ice density, the adhesion force between accreted ice and the wall, and the contact force between ice pieces. Moreover, although existing icing models can simulate ice growth, these models do not have the capability to reproduce ice shedding. In the present study, we developed an icing model that takes into account both ice growth and ice shedding. We validated the proposed ice shedding model through the comparison of numerical results and experimental data, which includes the flow rate loss due to ice growth and the flow rate recovery due to ice shedding. The predictive shedding time obtained using the proposed ice shedding model were in good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, we investigated the effects of ice growth and ice shedding on the fan performance. 1. 緒 言 航空機が運航する高度の雲の中には,過冷却液滴が多く存在することがある.雲中の過冷却液滴は,機体など に衝突すると凍結し,衝突面に氷層を形成する.これを着氷現象と呼ぶ.着氷は,主翼においては翼性能の低下 やストール,エンジンにおいては作動効率低下の要因となるため,安全な航空機運航の妨げとなり,事実,着氷 による航空機事故が世界各地で発生している(Isaac, et al., 2001).この問題を解決するために,着氷現象に関する 研究は,NASAをはじめとする世界的に主要な機関において,実験と数値解析の両方の側面から長く行われてい る(Wright, et al., 1997, Nilamdeen and Habashi, 2009, Presteau, et al., 2009, Veres, et al., 2011). 着氷現象は,大気の温度や LWC(Liquid Water Content),液滴衝突面の壁面温度,液滴衝突の位置や質量などが 複雑に絡み合い発生する.また,衝突した液滴が瞬時に凍らずに表面を流れる現象(ランバック)は非常に重要 である.これらの発生条件を実験で設定するのは難しい.また,着氷試験は膨大な費用を要し,試験装置の設置 場所も限られる.従って,本研究では近年のコンピュータの急速な発展もあることから,数値流体力学 (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)を用いて着氷現象を解明する.CFDによる着氷シミュレーションでは,着 Ryosuke HAYASHI and Makoto YAMAMOTO *1 Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan *2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan Received 2 April 2014 No.14-00195 [DOI: 10.1299/transjsme.2014cm0209] *1 東京理科大学大学院 工学研究科 機械工学専攻(〒125-8585 東京都葛飾区新宿 6-3-1) *2 正員,フェロー,東京理科大学 工学部 機械工学科 E-mail of corresponding author: email@example.com


This chapter describes how the aim of duplex surface engineering includes chronological application of two surface modification technologies for the production of a surface, with collective properties. Duplex treatment of nitriding and carbonitriding of austenitic stainless steel is of high technical importance owing to its capability to increase hardness, corrosion and wear resistance of treated surface. Duplex treatment has been utilized to enhance the surface mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304). The microstructure of nitrided surface indicates the development of nitride phases, Fe4N, Fe2N, CrN, Cr2N and γN whereas, duplex treated films shows the formation of FeC, Fe3C, Fe7C3, Cr3C2, Cr7C3, along with nitride phases like Fe3N. Both nitrided and duplex treated samples show the formation of cauliflower like grains. Surface micro hardness of treated substrates has been dependent on the variation of crystallite size and increased by 1.26 times the hardness of nitrided sample and 4.60 times the hardness of the untreated substrates. Hardness of Duplex Treated Stainless Steel: Influence of the Architecture and Composition of Films


The longitudinal dynamics model of heavy haul trains is presented.The dry friction damping hysteretic characteristic of steel friction draft gears is simulated by the equation which describes the suspension forces in the suspension system.The dynamic characteristic curve of the draft gears is buiet up by the curve-fitted method,which is based on results of a large number of impact tests.Consequently,the numerical model of the draft gears is brought forware.The equation of train longitudinal dynamics is strongly nonlinear.In order to solve the response of the strongly nonlinear system,the high precision and equilibrium iteration method based on the Newmark-β method is presented and numerical analysis is made.According to the principle of the Locotrol synchronizing control equipment,the mathematical locotrol synchfonizing control model is established.Longitudinal dynamic forces of the T20,000 heavy haul train are tested and verified;the influence of the synchronizing response time between the master control locomotive and slave control locomotive and their initial braking velocities on the longitudinal forces of the heavy haul trains are analyzed.The research results provide theoretical basis for study of the optimization operation technique for heavy haul trains.


-The conventional two-stage power converters with bridge rectifiers are inefficient and may not be practical for the low-voltage micro-generators. This paper presents an efficient ac-to-dc power converter that avoids the bridge rectification and directly converts the low ac input voltage to the required high dc output voltage at a higher efficiency. A cuk circuit and a buck boost circuit are connected parallel to an AC input voltage. During positive half cycle cuk circuit is working and during negative half cycle buck boost circuit is working. When an input of 400mV is given a regulated dc output of 3.5V is obtained from a dc bus having a single capacitor charged by both the circuits. The results are verified by MATLAB Simulink model. Voltage and current waveforms are presented to validate the proposed converter topology and control schemes.


It was previously suggested that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced adipogenesis by a mechanism involving peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ), which is the key regulator for adipogenesis. However, the effect of CLA on adipocytic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is not well studied. To determine the role of PPAR‐γ on CLA's effect on adipogenesis of mesencymal stem cells we tested the effects of two major isomers of CLA (t10,c12 and c9,t11) on adipogenesis in mouse mesenchymal stem cells that had peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ knock‐out (PKO‐MSC), compared to normal mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The knock‐out of PPAR‐γ from these cells was achieved by using shRNA. Adipogenesis was induced by a previously described adipogenic procedure for 8 days, and cells were treated with CLA isomers (50 μM), CLA‐mixture (100 μM), or linoleic acid (50 μM) as control. Compared to linoleic acid treatment, triacylglycerol content and fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression were significantly reduced by the t10,c12‐CLA and CLA mixture in normal MSC. However, the t10,c12‐CLA and CLA‐mixture had no effects on triacylglycerol levels and FAS mRNA expression in PKO‐MSC. This result indicates that t10,c12‐CLA inhibited adipogensis in MSC through a PPAR‐γ mediated pathway. Supported by NIH 1R21AT004456 and NIH 3R21AT004456‐02S1.


Discusses one of the major currents leading to the fall of communism. Falk examines the intellectual dissident movements in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary from the late 1960s through to 1989. The author passionately argues that the intellectuals and dissident writers of the region not only contributed mightily to the events themselves, but also collectively bequeathed to the world an oeuvre that constitutes one of the most original, important and useful contributions to political theory today. Besides political theory, Falk provides exciting narrative account of the development of thoughts and actions of those brave intellectuals in the dreary Warsaw, Prague and Budapest of yesteryear.


Examination was made of the reactions of aryl dehydroabietates and aryl homodehydroabietates with titanium (IV) chloride by varying the aryl group to phenyl, m-tolyl or the 2, 6-xylyl groups. The reaction proceeded in one of the three pathways (Fries rearrangement, decarboxylation and hydrolysis) depending on the structure of the aryl group and acid component.Decarboxylation occurred in the case of phenyl and m-tolyl dehydroabietates, to give dehydroabietane. Fries rearrangement occurred in the case of 2, 4-xylyl and m-tolyl homodehydroabietates, and hydrolysis was observed for phenyl and 2, 6-xylyl homodehydroabietates.


The discovery of bladder cancer transcriptional subtypes provides an opportunity to identify high risk patients, and tailor disease management. Recent studies suggest tumor heterogeneity contributes to "plasticity" of molecular subtype during progression and following treatment. Nonetheless, the transcriptional drivers of the aggressive basal-squamous subtype remain unidentified. As PPARγ has been repeatedly implicated in the luminal subtype of bladder cancer, we hypothesized inactivation of this transcriptional master regulator during progression results in increased expression of basal-squamous specific transcription factors (TFs) which act to drive aggressive behavior. We initiated a pharmacologic and RNA-seq-based screen to identify PPARγ-repressed, basal-squamous specific TFs. Hierarchical clustering of RNA-seq data following treatment of a panel of human bladder cancer cell lines with a PPARγ agonist identified a number of TFs regulated by PPARγ activation, several of which are implicated in urothelial and squamous differentiation. One PPARγ-repressed TF implicated in squamous differentiation identified is Transcription Factor Activating Protein 2 alpha (TFAP2A). We show TFAP2A and its paralog TFAP2C are overexpressed in basal-squamous bladder cancer and in squamous areas of cystectomy samples, and that overexpression is associated with increased lymph node metastasis and distant recurrence, respectively. Biochemical analysis confirmed the ability of PPARγ activation to repress TFAP2A, while PPARγ antagonist studies indicate the requirement of a functional receptor. In vivo tissue recombination studies show TFAP2A and TFAP2C promote tumor growth in line with the aggressive nature of basal-squamous bladder cancer. Our findings suggest PPARγ inactivation, as well as TFAP2A and TFAP2C overexpression cooperate with other TFs to promote the basal-squamous transition.


This paper proposes a rule-based peak shaving method using master-slave level optimization and presents its impact on an isolated diesel generator (DG) supplied microgrid. The DG is connected to low voltage (LV) ac bus through a back-to-back converter. This DG supplies power to a modified CIGRE residential distribution system which consists of residential loads and renewable energy sources (RESs). In such a system the fuel consumption of DG not only depends on the LV ac bus power requirement but also on its rated power. The rated power of DG can be reduced through the peak shaving application. In this scenario, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is connected at dc bus of the back-to-back converter for the peak shaving of DG power. The rule-based peak shaving method is proposed for determining BESS charge/discharge schedules considering the day-ahead LV ac bus powers over a day as inputs. For that firstly the LV ac bus powers are optimally obtained using a slave level optimization. In order to obtain the optimal peak DG power a master level optimization is used which determines the optimal control inputs for the rule-based control. The proposed peak shaving control method is tested in MATLAB.


ABSTRACT The water-distilled essential oil of Sideritis dichotoma Huter was investigated by GC and GC/MS for its constituents. Forty-eight components representing 81% of the total oil were characterized, the major components of which were α-pinene (19.31%) and β-pinene (18.01%).


This study examines the career stage effect on organizational commitment of bank employees. The subjects included 660 clerical and managerial staff of Indian banks operating in the state of Punjab in northern India. Organizational commitment has been measured by Meyer et al.'s (1993) Organizational Commitment Scale. Career stages were identified by each respondent's self- reported age, and tenure in the organization. Results of the study revealed significant differences in organizational commitment across career stages of employees when career stages were categorized on the basis of chronological age but no significant difference in any dimension of organizational commitment has been found between employees in early-career stage (up to 2 years of experience), and employees in mid-career stage (3-10 years of experience). The findings of the study have positive and useful implications for HR systems in Indian banks to design more effective organizational career planning programs and procedures.


The most fashionable political slogan of present environmental protection is
without doubt sustainability and sustainable development. There cannot be
any international agreement, European Union policy or Hungarian act without
mentioning or referring to the principle of sustainability. Science at the
same time is trying to fill this notion with a theoretical and practical
content with all available instruments, in order to be able to provide a
designable and measurable professional background for environmental policy
planning, implementation of regulatory instruments and the monitoring of
human activity. The present article is looking for the answer to the
question by analysing mostly Hungarian but partly European waste management
regulation, what kind of so far not exploited regulation opportunities are
available in order to realize a sustainable waste management practice.


Our pilot study investigated the association between region‐specific myocardial tissue temperature and tissue salvage using a novel tri‐lumen cooling catheter to provide rapid localized cooling directly to the heart in an open‐chest porcine model of ischemia–reperfusion.


Many observations of geophysical processes have nonlinear and often discontinuous relationship with the model state variables. This has been long recognized as a serious challenge in data assimilation. In variational data assimilation methods, for example, a special care is being taken to reduce negative impact of nonlinear and discontinuous operators on the data assimilation and forecast results, (e.g., via the use of iterative minimizations and regularized tangent linear and adjont models). The ensemble-based data assimilation methods, even though not relaying on the use of linearized models, also need to address this problem, since linearity assumption is often implicitly present in the ensemble-based methods. At Colorado State University, we have designed an ensemble-based data assimilation method, called Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter (MLEF), with the primary goal for applications to nonlinear and discontinuous forecast models and observation operators. The MLEF employs an iterative minimization of a cost function and the so-called "generalized gradient" and "generalized Hessian" that are defined without requirements for differentiability of the forecast models and observation operators. In this presentation we will focus on the MLEF data assimilation results with nonlinear and discontinuous operators, using a complex atmospheric model, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and observations (conventional and satellite) related to cloud microphysical processes, which are known to be nonlinear and discontinuous. Severe weather cases from Europe and North America will be examined in more detail.


Dunaliella tertiolecta (Butcher) was grown in chemostat culture over a wide range of ammonium limited growth rates. The addition of ammonium caused a rapid temporary suppression of photosynthetic carbon fixation. The magnitude of ammonium induced photosynthetic suppression increased with the severity of ammonium limitation. Cells growing at rates greater than ca. 80%μmax exhibited no photosynthetic suppression in response to additions of the limiting nutrient. The duration of photosynthetic suppression was related to the concentration of added ammonium. Immediately following the suppression, photosynthesis was enhanced with respect to the controls. The eventual degree of enhancement increased with the concentration of added ammonium. Steady‐state cellular chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic rates, and assimilation numbers are reported.