This article outlines the Internet advertising experiences of ACS Publications. It describes how ACS Publications has successfully designed a group of Websites that have increased total advertising revenue for the American Chemical Society. Detailed accounts of each ACS Website, advertising strategy, and Website development are all discussed in this article.


The site is located on a prominent waterfront in southwest dc. After studying the surrounding public buildings, it appears an aquarium would be the best fit for the area. The aquarium, which is a house for living aquatic animals, seems to be a challenging project from the start. there are many technical problems that arise such as concerns with how the people circulate inside the aquarium and how to connect the buildings with the rest of the site to create a recreational public waterfront walkway. The following questions stimulate the research and the developmet of the aquarium program: What is an ideal space that aquatic animals would like to live? what kind of lighting, water, materials should be accommoated to comfort the living aquatic animals? The design begins with the question of "what kind of environment is appropriate for aquatic animals?" The aquatic animals move in curves, which aids in reducing the water pressure against them while they are swimming. The abstract of fish movement is reflected on the building's shape. Furthemore, the movement of the water is redirected to stimulate the enjoyable atmosphere for the people. This project is combined study of advanced structure, architectural expression, and landscape architecture of the shore. As a result, this aquarium is designed to become one of the many iconic buildings to the city's attractions. It took over a year to finish the design. This thesis project had many stages which will be displayed to you as you read through the book. It had failed at one point, which was aperfect stopping point to really re-evaluate the whole project. It was an incredibly challenging journey; nonetheless, it actually awakened many senses as one walked through the process. Although it felt real to the touch, it might be just a dream. This project helped me to reflect on the darkest and the weakest parts of my mind, but it made me realize how much more there is to discover about myself. I want to express a deep appreciation to all of my faculties who were there to help me through the ups and downs on the project. Their wisdom, patience and kindness enlightened my foolishness. that gave me more strength and belief in myself. I would also like to thank my family and friends, who were understandng and expressed sympathy with the work i do. I hope you all enjoy the outcome, and I will be more than happy to receive any comments and thoughts. Ngan Dinh WASHINGTON D.C. AQUARIUM AN EXPLORATION OF SHAPING THE WATER : BUILDING SCULPTURE ALONG THE EXISTING LANDSCAPE


The association of individual behaviours such as diet, tobacco use, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity have been investigated separately in relevance to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength. The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined association of the four mentioned lifestyle factors with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength.


We propose a method to enhance the quality and precision of prediction results using measurements in the context of radio network modelling. The proposed method involves the use of an Independent Component Analysis (ICA) block and a MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The role of the ICA block is to make the variables at the input of the ANN statistically independent so that it can perform its learning and prediction on individual one-dimensional distributions. The application of the proposed method to a third generation cellular radio network prediction tool has shown that without ICA, ANN training has a poor performance. We have also shown that, in the proposed scheme, ICA performs better than Principle Component Analysis (PCA). This enhancement method can advantageously be used to calibrate prediction results according to measurements.


Celiac disease (CD) is a frequent inflammatory intestinal disease, with a genetic background, caused by gliadin-containing food. Undigested gliadin peptides induce innate and adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses. The major mediator of the stress and innate immune response to gliadin peptides (i.e., peptide 31–43, P31–43) is the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). The role of epithelial growth factor (EGF) as a mediator of enterocyte proliferation and the innate immune response has been described. In this paper, we review the most recent literature on the mechanisms responsible for triggering the up-regulation of these mediators in CD by gliadin peptides. We will discuss the role of P31–43 in enterocyte proliferation, structural changes and the innate immune response in CD mucosa in cooperation with EGF and IL-15, and the mechanism of up-regulation of these mediators related to vesicular trafficking. We will also review the literature that focuses on constitutive alterations of the structure, signalling/proliferation and stress/innate immunity pathways of CD cells. Finally, we will discuss how these pathways can be triggered by gliadin peptide P31–43 in controls, mimicking the celiac cellular phenotype.


Objective  To evaluate gender as a prognostic factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), using a retrospective review of patients with RCC stratified according to gender and analysing factors affecting prognosis.


Serotonin is a monoamine that acts in vertebrates and invertebrates as a modulator promoting changes in the structure and activity of brain areas relevant to animal behavior, ranging from sensory perception to learning and memory. Whether serotonin contributes in Drosophila to human-like cognitive abilities, including spatial navigation, is an issue little studied. Like in vertebrates, the serotonergic system in Drosophila is heterogeneous, meaning that distinct serotonergic neurons/circuits innervate specific fly brain regions to modulate precise behaviors. Here we review the literature that supports that serotonergic pathways modify different aspects underlying the formation of navigational memories in Drosophila.


At least 500,000 profoundly deaf persons in the United States communicate primarily by American Sign Language (ASL), a language quite distinct from English and not well suited to writing. Currently, telephone communication for an ASL user is basically limited to use of a teletype machine, which requires both typing skills and proficiency in English. This paper reviews recent research relevant to the development of techniques which would allow manual communication across existing telephone channels using video imagery. Two possibilities for such manual communication are ASL and cued speech. The latter technique uses hand signals to aid lip reading. In either case, conventional television video transmission would require a bandwidth many times that available on a telephone channel. The achievement of visual communication using sign language or cued speech at data rates below 10 kbps, low enough to be transmitted over a public telephone line, will require the development of new data reducing algorithms. Avenues for future research toward this goal are presented.


We report the discovery of 141 new high proper motion systems (μ ≥ 0.″4 yr-1) in the southern sky (δ = -90° to -47°) brighter than UKST plate R59F = 16.5 via our SuperCOSMOS-RECONS search. When combined with the nine systems having μ ≥ 1.″0 yr-1 and/or late spectral type from the initial phases of this effort, we find that 73 of the 150 total systems are moving faster than 0.″5 yr-1 and are therefore new members of the classic Luyten Half-Second sample. These constitute a 21% increase in the sample of stars with μ ≥ 0.″5 yr-1 in the declination region searched, thereby comprising an important addition to this long-neglected region of the sky. Distance estimates are provided for the entire sample, based on a combination of photographic plate magnitudes and Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry, using the relations recently presented by Hambly et al. for the presumed main-sequence stars. Three systems are anticipated to be within 10 pc, and an additional 15 are within 25 pc. Nine of these 18 nearby systems have proper motions falling between 0.″4 and 0.″6 yr-1, hinting at a large population of nearby stars with fast, but not extremely high, proper motions that have not been thoroughly investigated.


This study aimed at knowing the correlation between calcium intake and physical activity on lipid profile in patients of coronary heart outpatient at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. The research design that used in this research was analytical research with cross sectional approach. The number of samples was 48 people used Spearman correlation test. The Characteristic of the sample was the number of male samples as much as 42 people and women 6 people. The largest number of samples in the age group >50 years old was 72.9%. Most of the samples were with the last education of SMA / SMK and worked as selfemployed. The average calcium intake was 1081 mg / day. The average number of calories spent during physical activity in one day was 1552 kcal / min. The average of lipid profile was cholesterol 171,90 mg/dl, HDL 37,56 mg / dl, LDL 108,91 mg / dl, and triglyceride was 160,06 mg / dl. The correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between calcium intake and total cholesterol. The analysis result showed the value (p≤0,05), while HDL, LDL and triglyceride were not significant with value analysis (p> 0,05). There was no significant relation value of physical activity correlation test with lipid profile level include cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride (p≤0,05). It could be concluded that there was only a significant relationship between calcium intake and cholesterol, whereas there was no significant relationship between calcium intake with HDL, LDL and triglycerides. And there was significant relationship between physical activity and lipid profile.


The vibration signals of reciprocating compressor are typically nonlinear and non-steady.In order to diagnose reciprocating compressor,a method was put forward integrated with local projection method,correlation dimension and thermodynamic parameter.Firstly,the vibration signal was de-noised by local projection method based on recurrence quantification analysis.Secondly,the correlation dimension of vibration signal was extracted.Thirdly,the compression ratio of cylinder was calculated according to the thermodynamic parameter.Finally,the faults of reciprocating compressor were diagnosed using correlation dimension and compression ratio.The results show that flat area of partial scale index is wide after de-noising by local projection method and the correlation dimension is more convergent.Although the time-domain parameters are not easily distinguished after de-noising,the correlation dimension varies greatly and reflects the faults of equipment effectively.In practice,the wear faults of piston were diagnosed accurately,which indicates the method is effective.


This special issue of the Journal of Aerospace Engineering provides a comprehensive review of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) at Lewis Field research and technology development during the last 70 years. It reflects the past, celebrates the advancements, and provides some insight into the future direction of aerospace research at GRC. The articles in this issue are grouped according to GRC's core competencies and disciplines so they can be referred to readily. These areas encompass air-breathing propulsion; inspace propulsion and cryogenic fluids management; communications technology and development; power, energy storage, and conversion; materials and structures for extreme environments; and physical sciences and biomedical technologies in space. This introductory paper provides the background of the GRC facility and outlines the progress of its research from GRC's inception to the present day. NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field in Cleveland, and at Plum Brook Station near Sandusky, Ohio, has more than 70 years of history in leading advanced research and technology development to support NASA's mission and address the nation's needs. Since operations started in 1942, GRC researchers have made major technology contributions that pushed the frontiers of both aviation and space exploration. These breakthrough knowledge and technology innovations have enabled the United States to assume a leadership position in the world aerospace marketplace and have made a difference in our daily lives. GRC's history traces back to 1940, when the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) chose the site of the National Air Races, adjacent to the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, as the location for a new laboratory. This was the third laboratory that Congress had created under the NACA. (The first NACA laboratory, the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, was established in 1920 at Hampton, Virginia. The second laboratory, the Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, was established in 1939 at Moffett Field in California.) The Cleveland laboratory was to focus on aircraft engine research in response to the need to improve the engines of U.S. fighter planes during World War II. Initially called the Aircraft Engine ResearchLaboratory (AERL), the Cleveland laboratory was authorized to open by the First Supplemental Appropriation Act of 1941, and it began operations in 1942 with a nucleus of 150 staff transferred from the Langley laboratory—primarily from the Power Plants Division. Under the leadership of Dr. George W. Lewis, the first manager of the AERL, research began on May 8, 1942; however, the laboratorywas not officially dedicated until 1943when the Power Plants Division completed its move from Hampton, Virginia to Cleveland. During World War II, the AERL conducted research on improved fuel mixtures to reduce knock and foaming, piston engine cooling studies for military aircraft (including the B-29), and testing of the first U.S. turbojet engine in the Altitude Wind Tunnel and Jet Static Laboratory. It was also at this time that GRC's world-class icing research began, initially to address the icing problems of military aircraft. The work expanded with the construction of the Icing Research Tunnel in 1944 to simulate the atmospheric conditions of an icing cloud. The research and technology advancement in the icing tunnel earned the AERL and industry team the prestigious Collier Trophy in 1946 from the National Aeronautics Association for an outstanding contribution in the development of thermal ice protection systems. The AERL was renamed the NACA Flight Propulsion Research Laboratory in 1947 to reflect the expansion of its propulsion research area to all types of flight vehicles. On September 28, 1948, following the death of its director, George Lewis, the laboratory was renamed the NACA Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory. The NACA's primary products were technical papers that documented findings from basic research and scientific investigations. Some of them were widely used and cited, and they continue to be used today, not only by industries but also as teaching materials in the classroom. The NACA laboratories—Lewis, Langley, Ames, and Muroc Flight Test Unit (forerunner of today's NASA Dryden Flight Research Center)—established U.S. leadership in flight research. When the Soviet Sputnik 1 launch prompted the space race in October 1957, NACA Director Hugh L. Dryden urged the government to give the NACA amajor role in any new national space programs. He argued that the agency had been increasing research related to the problems of space flight and noted that the Lewis Laboratory had developed a liquid hydrogenefueled rocket that would make flights to the Moon possible. On October 1, 1958, a legislative act was passed, creating NASA, and the NACA laboratories were absorbed by NASA as research centers. The Cleveland laboratory's name changed once again, this time to the NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC). Edward R. Sharp, the laboratory's director since 1947, led the transition of approximately 2,700 employees to NASA. He held the center director position until 1960. During the 1960s and 1970s, LeRC conducted experiments and developed technologies in support of both the aeronautics and the space programs. In the early 1960s, the center pioneered and perfected the use of liquid hydrogen for propelling rockets. Liquid hydrogen rockets were used in the Mercury and Apollo missions, allowing the United States to win the race to the Moon. LeRC was also responsible for developing the upper-stage launch vehicle and managing the first successful launch of the Centaur rocket with its liquid hydrogenefueled RL-10 engines. The development of the Centaur's versatile RL-10 engines benefited from at least two areas of LeRC research: liquid hydrogen regenerative cooling and coaxial propellant injection. In addition, electric propulsion capabilities were strengthened by the construction of the Electric Propulsion Research Building and the Electric Propulsion Laboratories. Even


Clad layers of Ni-based alloy were deposited on the power plant machinery parts made of SUS316LN stainless steel by CO2 laser cladding and plasma cladding. A smooth clad bead was obtained by CO2 laser cladding. The phases of the clad layers were investigated by laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructures of clad layers belonged to a hypereutectic structure. Primary phases consisted of boride CrB and carbide Cr7C3. The eutectic structure consisted of Ni + CrB or Ni + Cr7C3. Compared with plasma cladding, excellent wear resistance, fine microstructures, low dilutions and high Vickers hardness were obtained by CO2 laser cladding. All these results show that laser cladding realizes higher efficiency and good cladding quality.


It Is Installed that Baktocellolaktin in dose 5,0 ml, applicable on length 10 days, raises general resistant sucking-pig to gastrointestinal pathology. The Disease grows shorter on 57%, but safety reaches 100% on length of the consecutive month after completion of the use the preparation. Baktocellolaktin possesses the hepatic protective an action, as evidenced by result analysis bilirubin, «ALAT» and holesterin.


Postmodernism, as a hegemon, has determined the cultural coordinates of audiovisual products in the last decades. Since 2008, some shows have creatively questioned its main principles, such as superficiality, cynicism-bordering irony and the lack of alternative to all this (Francis Fukuyama's end of history). BoJack Horseman (executive producers Raphael Bob-Waksberg, Noel Bright, Steven A. Cohen, Blair Fetter, Jane Wiseman, Will Arnett, Aaron Paul and Andy Weill, 2014–2019), the Netflix series, follows the struggles in the life of the eponymous character, star of the 1990s sitcom Horsin' Around, and his exhaustion from the vacuity of life in Hollywood, United States. Surrounded by his peculiar entourage, viewers witness all sorts of unimportant nonsense and risible statements to ultimately engage in the story and meet old characters under a new light. After many seasons, our understanding of them changes and we are forced to revaluate our consideration of them, engaging sympathetically and leaving behind an individualist detachment some authors, like David Foster Wallace, criticised in the past. This only comes to happen because of the creative use of animation, the script and characters.


We study the accretion flows from the circumbinary disks onto the supermassive binary black holes in a subparsec scale of the galactic center, using a smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) code. Simulation models are presented in four cases of a circular binary with equal and unequal masses, and of an eccentric binary with equal and unequal masses. We find that the circumblack-hole disks are formed around each black holes regardless of simulation parameters. There are two-step mechanisms to cause an accretion flow from the circumbinary disk onto supermassive binary black holes: First, the tidally induced elongation of the circumbinary disk triggers mass inflow towards two closest points on the circumbinary disk from the black holes. Then, the gas is increasingly accumulated on these two points owing to the gravitational attraction of black holes. Second, when the gas can pass across the maximum loci of the effective binary potential, it starts to overflow via their two points and freely infalls to each black hole. In circular binaries, the gas continues to be supplied from the circumbinary disk (i.e. the gap between the circumbinary disk and the binary black hole is always closed.) In eccentric binaries, the mass supply undergoes the periodic on/off transitions during one orbital period because of the variation of periodic potential. The gap starts to close after the apastron and to open again after the next periastron passage. Due to this gap closing/opening cycles, the mass-capture rates are eventually strongly phase dependent. This could provide observable diagnosis for the presence of supermassive binary black holes in merged galactic nuclei.


A technique of direct generation and detection of femtosecond electron bunches is reported. These electrons pulses are measured with high accuracy using nonlinear photoemission. In this initial demonstration, n=1 and higher‐order femtosecond optical soliton pulses are used to liberate electrons from metals.


An inspection of the ψ-ψ angle distribution strongly suggests that protein folding is highly constraifled.A number of researchers have even suggested that a relatively small set of discrete ψ-ψ rcgions might be sufticient to describe rnosr protein conformation. The total of 541 tight turns from 101 non-identical proteins were extracted form Brookhaven DataBank. The dihedral values ot tight turns were scattered into tho seven regions on the Ramaehandran plot. These seven regions were callod A1, A2, B1, B2, B22, T1 and T2, A1 and A2 are the traditional s-helix regions, B1, B2 and B22 the β-strand regions, T1 and T2 the β-turn regions. The A2 and T2 regions were not defined as "discrete" or single points but rather as one dimensional extended states. Based on the geometry of the two central residues of the tight turns, the new classification of β-turn was defined. This classification of the majority of β-turns fell into only six of the possible forty nine region combinations and were identifiable with the traditional nornenelature of Venkatachalam(1), but much simpler. The function of β-turn in the conformation of proteins was studied. The hydrophohlcity for different type turns was discussed. It shows that β-turns have very strong hydrophilic property, so they are usually sittmted at the folding protein surface. The features of β-turn and its amino acid distribution in this 541 β-turn group and different type β-turn were given.


This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of TiO2 modified montmorillonite granule and to determine the effectiveness of its filtration against methyl orange dye. Montmorillonite granule particles were made through a pressing process and continued with sintering at 900oC. The granules obtained were coated with TiO2 photocatalyst by the deep coating method. The montmorillonite granules were characterized using SEM-EDX and the methyl orange dye adsorption process was carried out using the column method. The SEM analysis showed that the granules is porous materials and the EDX confirm the increasing of TiO2 content in montmorillonite before and after being coated with TiO2 from 0.50% to 22.66%. The best adsorption effectiveness of methyl orange was 96.6% at the flow rate of 0.0083 L/hour, which occurred in the use of TiO2 modified montmorillonite granule.


To evaluate the radiographic workup of blunt temporal bone trauma and determine the utility of maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) versus temporal bone CT in identifying carotid canal fractures.


This study was carried out to know and understand the information literacy competency standards among the students of Pangasinan State University – Open University Systems (PSU-OUS). Specifically, it aimed to know the extent of the acquisition of the information literacy competency standards of the students. The standards were adopted from the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). The descriptive survey method was employed in the study. A five-point Likert type of questionnaire was used in gathering data. Percentages and weighted mean were used in analyzing and interpreting the data gathered. The study generated the following standards. The students have a high level of acquisition of the first standard of information literacy competency which is determining the nature and extent of the information needed. On the other hand, the students have a moderately high acquisition of the second, third and fourth standards which deal with accessing needed information effectively and efficiently; evaluating information and its sources critically and incorporating selected information into his or her knowledge base and value system; and applying new and prior information to the planning and creation of a particular product or performance. And lastly, the students have low acquisition of the fifth standard which deals with understanding many of the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information and accessing and using information ethically and legally.


The "collective consciousness",as one of the important concepts of traditional Chinese culture,has an important value in the process of development of a century new poetry.The historical experience shows us that the "collective consciousness" is growing and declining in the history and has always been related to the cultural contexts and its change.Moreover,in the process of determining the levels of the new poetry,the "collective consciousness" has become one of the most important tasks to reflect it.Therefore,under the premise of the value and the concept,it is important to interpret the new poetry of the "collective consciousness" in the history of the composition from the historical relation,the overall trend and the style.


In addition to software's ubiquity, the amount of code in most consumer products and systems is doubling every two to three years [6]. Consequently, software developers are scrambling to cope with the pressures of systems that are not only a couple of orders of magnitude larger and more complex than those developed a few years ago but also have to meet ever-increasing demands for quality and performance. The management of software development leaves much to be desired. This view was summed up by W. Wayt Gibbs in [6], "Studies have shown that for every six new large-scale software systems that are put into operation, two others are cancelled. The average software development project overshoots its schedule by half; larger projects generally do worse." In view of the recurrent problems in software development, a significant effort has been invested over the last decade in developing models and identifying practices that can lead to more effective software management. For example, the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) in Bilbao, Spain, has pioneered research in the assessment and improvement of software processes in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Defense and major U.S. business organizations [7]. The principle motivation for SEI's work is that "the quality of a software product is largely determined by the qualEUROPEAN SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES


: The concept of Object recognition is the most recent and the evolving topic in the field of Artificial Intelligence, which helps the machine to identify the objects which is present in the surrounding environment and recognising that object from the dataset. For identifying the objects from the dataset there is a lot of classification so that the object to be identified can be identified accurately. This will help the visually impaired person to know their surroundings better, which can guide them in every step they take. This will be the helping hand for the person to avoid obstacles which is on their way.


By analyzing the present state of Shanghai's population, the paper concludes that the city's unbalance of sex ratio at birth is the result of the higher ratio of the city's migrant birth population. And the paper expounds the impact together with the countermeasures.


This book chapter describes models which can consider the interactions between plants, soils, water, irrigation practices, crop yields and economics under shallow, saline groundwater conditions. Personal computing capability has now made it possible to develop a range of interactive modelling tools based on existing and new biophysical concepts. The number of available models is rapidly expanding. Therefore it is not possible to cover all modelling efforts in a single chapter and the discussion in this chapter is limited to farm and irrigation area scale salt, water and groundwater management models. This chapter provides an introduction to the SWAGMAN suite of models that have been used in Australia to determine sustainable cropping patterns under shallow, saline watertable conditions. Salient features and applications of a detailed process based (SWAGMAN Destiny), a lumped hydrologic economic (SWAGMAN Farm) and a distributed biophysical model (SWAGSIM) are provided.


The cellular and molecular events preceding the initial activation of autoreactive CD8 T cells in several autoimmune diseases remain unclear. Recent reports have implicated IL-6, IL-21, IL-15 and IL-7 in the triggering of autoreactive CD8 T cells in mouse models of autoimmune diseases. We have shown that IL-21 and IL-6 synergize with IL-7 or IL-15 to induce antigen-independent proliferation of naive CD8 T cells, with a concomitant increase in antigen responsiveness. We postulated that the cytokine-induced augmentation of TCR sensitivity (referred herein as 'cytokine priming') might enable stimulation of potentially autoreactive CD8 T cells by low affinity self antigens. Here, we show that cytokine priming enables naive TCR transgenic CD8 T cells to respond to low affinity TCR ligands, resulting in proliferation and acquisition of effector functions. We have used a transgenic mouse model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes to show that cytokine-primed autoreactive CD8 T cells acquire the capacity to cause disease following stimulation with weak TCR agonists, and that the diabetogenic potential of these cells is dependent on the continuous availability of IL-15. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which cytokines contribute to the triggering of autoreactive CD8 T cells and have important implications for autoimmune diseases associated with infections and chronic inflammation.


Objective: To investigate incidence of depressive symptoms for long-term schizophrenic inpatients.Methods: 158 long-term schizophrenic inpatients were evaluated by Hamilton depression scale(HAMD).Results: There were 49 cases with HAMD score of ≥ 20 points,and 31.01% were suffered with the secondary depressive symptoms,from mild to moderate depression.Conclusions: The chronic schizophrenic patients in convalescent period should be paid sufficient attention to the problem of depression in order to reduce the occurrence of suicide.


The emergence of technological innovations brings sophisticated threats. Cyberattacks are increasing day by day aligned with these innovations and entails rapid solutions for defense mechanisms. These attacks may hinder enterprise operations or more importantly, interrupt critical infrastructure systems, that are essential to safety, security, and well-being of a society. Anomaly detection, as a protection step, is significant for ensuring a system security. Logs, which are accepted sources universally, are utilized in system health monitoring and intrusion detection systems. Recent developments in Natural Language Processing (NLP) studies show that contextual information decreases false-positives yield in detecting anomalous behaviors. Transformers and their adaptations to various language understanding tasks exemplify the enhanced ability to extract this information. Deep network based anomaly detection solutions use generally feature-based transfer learning methods. This type of learning presents a new set of weights for each log type. It is unfeasible and a redundant way considering various log sources. Also, a vague representation of model decisions prevents learning from threat data and improving model capability. In this paper, we propose AnomalyAdapters (AAs) which is an extensible multi-anomaly task detection model. It uses pretrained transformers' variant to encode a log sequences and utilizes adapters to learn a log structure and anomaly types. Adapter-based approach collects contextual information, eliminates information loss in learning, and learns anomaly detection tasks from different log sources without overuse of parameters. Lastly, our work elucidates the decision making process of the proposed model on different log datasets to emphasize extraction of threat data via explainability experiments.


The enrichment book especially to compose the short stories is very less. Based on the analysis of the needs, the enrichment book compose the shost story text that students and teachers desired are, 1) a book designed attractive and brightly colored, 2) enrichment book fitted up with the steps of composing short story to make easier the students to compose and develop the skills to compose the short stories text, 3) the material is presented with interesting and clear as well as integrated value of local wisdom, 4) enrichment book compose short story text


An overall analysis of factors influencing welding safety is carried out,and a hierarchy structure model is set up.By fuzzy judgement,the hierarchy comprehensive evaluation is done,and the reasonable safety evaluation is set up.


A general technique is developed for the analysis of proposed experimental studies of possible [ital P],[ital T]-violating effects in the neutron-nucleus interaction based on low-energy neutron transmission through polarized matter. The analysis is applied to proposed experimental schemes and we determine the levels at which the absolute neutron polarization, magnetic fields, and target polarization must be controlled in order for these experiments to obtain a given sensitivity to [ital P],[ital T]-violating effects.


Research Question: What is the status of breastfeeding practices-positioning attachment and effective suckling among postnatal mothers in a tertiary care hospital? Objectives: To evaluate breast feeding techniques and hospital practices along with its association with some socio-demographic factors. Settings: Postnatal ward of Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital Kolkata. Study design: Hospital based descriptive study. Participants: Postnatal mothers with their babies. Methodology: Systematic random sampling was done for interview and observation of 1004 mothers. Socio-demographic information breastfeeding practice and hospital practices were recorded and analysed. Results: 73.9% 71.8% and 53.9% mothers had fully correct practice regarding proper attachment suckling and positioning of the baby respectively. 47.7% mothers scored 2 in breastfeeding practice while 30.4% scored 3 and 3.2% scored 0. Association of age parity education socio-economic status and type of family with the breastfeeding practice score was significant. In 98.7% cases mother and baby were kept in the same room and 71.1 % babies put to breast immediately after birth. Breastfeeding technique was shown to 64.1% mothers but benefits and management of breastfeeding were told to 45.9% mothers.


redshifts have been obtained for A1367, 34 for A262 and 61 for the Centaurus cluster (HMS 1247-4102). Full details of this work have been and will be presented in M.N.R.A.S. Both A1367 and A262 are spiral-rich in Oemler's classification, while Centaurus is intermediate in type between spiral-rich and poor. In all 3 cases, the distributions of E and L galaxies are centrally concentrated, whilst the spirals are distributed in a more extensive and ragged fashion. The mean corrected red-shifts and velocity dispersions for 2 morphological subsets are given in Table I. There is no significant difference in the mean velocities of the 2 subsets for each cluster. However, the velocity dispersions for the spirals are significantly greater than those for the E,L galaxies in both A1367 and A262. The differences in velocity dispersions of the 2 subsets for Centaurus are not statistically significant. Gott and Gunn have suggested that irregular clusters of the sort presently described have not undergone collapse. However, all 3 clusters show morphological separation and are x-ray sources. This is consistent with a collapsed core surrounded by a shell of infalling spirals. The x-ray emission may be produced by a thermalized gas cloud entrapped at the core, which transmutes into a L any spiral so unwise as to plough through it. A262 and Centaurus have resolved sources of x-ray emission.


The invention relates to a food processing method, in particular to a pickling method of multi-flavor marinated eggs, which comprises the following steps: firstly, placing fresh eggs into a pickling salt solution after pretreatment; then, placing the pickling salt solution with the fresh eggs into a sealed container; introducing pulse pressure to the inside of the container at the normal temperature, wherein one pulse period of the pulse pressure is between 5 and 20 minutes, the ratio of the high pressure maintaining time to the low pressure maintaining time of the pulse pressure is 1/2, the time for raising the low pressure to the high pressure in one pulse period is 35 to 50 seconds, and the time for relieving the high pressure to the low pressure is 5 to 30 min; carrying out sampling verification on the picked marinated eggs; carrying out post maturation treatment; and steaming or boiling the marinated eggs after the post maturation to obtain finished products. The marinated eggs prepared by the invention have the advantages that the salinity of egg white and egg yolk are moderate, the appearance of the egg cases is good, the mouth feeling of the marinated eggs is good, in addition, the processing time of the finished eggs is short, and the storage period is long.


Purpose. Determination of influence of non-uniform velocity field of air in horizontal channel of pneumatic inertial separator on efficiency of separation of components of grain material into fractions by aerodynamic properties.
Methods. The specificity of the issue under consideration determines the analytical method of study based on the compilation and analysis of kinetic equations of motion of a particle, in the form of a ball in the air flow of a horizontal channel with uneven distribution of air flow velocity over the height of the pneumatic channel.
Results. The mathematical description of the motion of particles of the grain mixture in the chamber of the gravitational-air separator under the action of air flow of variable speed air is given. The trajectories of motion of particles of different size were obtained.
The obtained equation of motion of a particle under the action of air flow allows to determine the dependence of the speed of movement of the material in the layer of grain material on a number of factors: geometric parameters of the separator, the angle of feed of the material, the initial kinematic mode of the material, as well as the coefficient of sail of the particle.
The technological possibilities of the proposed method of grain separation under the action of air flow are theoretically substantiated and the influence on the technological parameters of the basic parameters: air velocity, coefficient of live section taking into account the layer thickness of the material entering the channel is established.
Conclusions
1.On the basis of the analysis of the force interaction of the grain material particle with the air stream, an advanced mathematical model of particle motion in a non-uniform field of air flow velocity in the horizontal channel was obtained.
2.The real possibility of controlling the process of separation of components of grain material by aerodynamic properties by changing the plot of the air flow velocity along the height of the horizontal channel is determined.
Keywords: variable air velocity, trajectory, resistance of forces, fractions, air flow, wind factor, fractionation process, grain mixture, air separator.


The costly and time-consuming problem of replacing decayed or damaged wooden utility poles is solved by substituting concrete modules (MOD/POLE) for the lower, damaged portion, leaving the entire upper section intact. The technique and procedure are described and compared with those in traditional total pole replacement. The average replacement time with installation of modules (MOD/POLE) and transfer of the pole top with all lines and equipment energized is 90 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively, for the 18-foot and 9-foot modules. Conventional wooden pole replacements can require several days.


In recent years considerable effort has been expended on the development of vanadium base alloys for fuel element cladding in sodium-cooled fast breeder reactors. This paper deals with the effects of exposure to sodium on several of the more promising vana dium alloys. The compositions that were studied are: V-9Cr-3Fe-I.3Zr-0.OsC (VANSTAR 7) V-8Cr-10Ta-I.3Zr-0.OsC (VANSTAR 8) V-6Fe-sNb-1. 3Zr-0. OSC (VANSTAR 9) V-20Ti (for comparison) All alloys exhibited weight gains after exposure to flowing sodium containing less than 10ppm oxygen in a Type 316 stainless steel loop system over the temperature range of 67S-800°C. Removal of the interstitials, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen from the stainless steel, and their absorption by the vanadium alloys is shown to account for the observed increase in weight after exposure. The kinetics of the corrosion process, the weight change data, and the mechanical property changes related to interstitial pick up from


A case study is presented of refractivity gradient height-profile retrieval using a 915 MHz wind profiler operated by the UK Meteorological Office at Camborne, UK. The retrieved gradient compares well with that obtained from concurrent radiosonde data gathered at the same location, thus demonstrating the potential of such profilers for the investigation of duct dynamics and the collection of unbiased duct statistics.


In 2013, a newly discovered addition to the very limited corpus of the Gothic language was published. This fragmentary manuscript, the scriptio inferior of a palimpsest, contains fragments of theological writing with extensive citation of the Old and New Testaments, likely one or two sermons. The editio princeps, a subsequent reading, and further analysis have concentrated on the identification of the cited passages, comparison to the Gothic Bible as we have it, the significance for textual criticism, and the presence of new linguistic forms. This paper evaluates what can be said about the theological content of the document(s), with special reference to the 'Homoianism' of the Goths. In 2013, the editio princeps appeared of a fragmentary document in the Gothic language, the first to be discovered in the 21 st century. It is a palimpsest, written over by a half-uncial De civitate Dei, and was discovered in a church archive in Bologna. The first edition was prepared by two Italian scholars, and was published in the journal of their university, Aevum. i It contained a transcription of the Gothic, a translation into Italian, the identification of sources, and other observations about the manuscript. Professors Finazzi and Tornaghi, the initial investigators, made widely available their high quality photographs of the parchment folios for others to examine. It was however further autoptic examination by Professor Falluomini which resulted in improved readings. These were published in Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur ii in 2014, along with a translation into German. Given the paucity of sources for the Gothic language, the new find was immediately the object of study in centres of historic linguistics such as Oxford and Leiden, and the focus of all publications has been philological. The present treatment will consider the relevance of the find to historical theology. The text, referred to as 'The Bologna Fragments' or the Gotica Bononiensa, is difficult to characterize. Its four folio sides contain extensive but fragmentary citations of the Gothic Bible, reading both the Old and New Testaments in a Christian way. The document thus declares itself to be unquestionably Christian. In their fragmentary state, however, they do not convey their status as exhortation or argumentation, let alone their position (if any) within theological disputation. The quotations are sometimes introduced by statements like 'As the prophet said', or by rhetorical questions. They touch on faith, the sin of pride, and unbelief. When they apostrophize, it is God who is addressed, but there is a human audience strongly implied. Indeed, the first folio of the text calls upon God to save the author and his hearers, making his own the words of the psalmists, prophets, and Apostle Paul. The theme is developed towards God's unique ability to save, and His interventions on behalf of Noah, Lot, the Children of Israel, the young men in the fiery furnace, and culminating in Peter addressing Jesus, walking on the water. The second folio, which could of course represent an entirely different text in the same mysterious genre, talks of Satan, and his pride. Unbelief in God is then denounced, and rejected as incompatible with a selection of Divine actions in the Scriptures. Those who do not believe are analogized to wolves in sheep's clothing, such as Cain, Pharaoh, or Nebuchadnezzar. The text may represent a sermon, though the virtuoso deployment of Scriptural texts with only occasional citations would surely have gone over the heads of normal people. It could be a draft, assembling quotations for a more detailed, lost text, though the use of expensive parchment makes this somewhat unlikely in a world where papyrus and slate were widely available. There is occasionally a stream-of-consciousness quality to the argumentation, as when after mentioning Peter's cry 'Save me' (1V23), the author digresses to say that of Peter Luke also related 'Send to Joppa and call Simon who is called Peter' (1V25-6)– a passage with no relevance to the theme as far as we can discern it. An important section of the text begins with a quotation of Psalm 14 qaþ unfroþs in hairtin seinamma ̇nist guþ 'The fool says in his heart, "There is no God"' (2R18-19). The speaker is said to be the same as the 'wicked man' of Psalm 36:2, and in turn the 'enemy' of Matthew 13:28, and ultimately identified as the devil. The fool's negative declaration is then transformed into a protasis, jabai nist guþ..., which can be translated 'if there is no God...', but also perhaps 'if it was not God...' A catena of rhetorical questions is thus introduced: 'If there is no God, who told you that name?' (It is unclear whether it is the name of God or the devil that is meant). 'If there is no God, of whom [is written] "God made man"?...of whom did Isaiah say, "Behold a virgin shall conceive..."' etc. While these verses appear to be directed against Satan, one may assume they were meant to be primarily relevant to other hearers or readers. Indeed, the New Testament does not portray demons or the devil as ignorant of God (most clearly at James 2:19). Nor it is likely that Scriptural citations were deployed to convince an unbeliever, real or imaginary, of God's reality. Some of the selected texts could be arguing against a Jewish reading of the Scriptures, most notably the association of 'Emmanuel' from Isaiah with undisputed divine action. There were certainly Jews in the Ostrogothic kingdom, and they were occasionally the object of state policy, iii as well as pressure to convert. iv A document in Gothic cannot have been intended directly for a Jewish audience, however. Any question of Gothic theology makes us think automatically of the 'Homoianism' with which Gothic polities and churchmen were historically associated. The Bologna Fragments contain no direct treatment of Trinitarian issues, which would be the only sure ground for discerning Homoianism. In the Bologna Fragments, moreover, any distinction among the Persons of the Trinity is elided or avoided. When considering Divine actions the Scriptures (especially the Old Testament) ascribe generically to God, a Trinitarian theologian can either attempt to distinguish among the operations of the Persons, or treat them as having worked co-operatively. The Bologna Fragments may at first glance appear to opt for the latter course. At 1 Verso 7-9, the author prays to God, who saved Noah: nasei mik f(rauj)a þuei nauel us swaleikamma midja sweipainais watin g[a]nasides ̇ 'Save me, O Lord, Thou Who saved Noah out of such water of the deluge.' At 2 Recto 25-26, the author refers to the culmination of the Creation: jabai nist g(u)þ bi ƕana .[.].þn../.s../.þ. gatawida g(u)þ þana mannan, 'If it is not God, of whom .... "God made man"?' However, even in Scriptural passages where the Second Person of the Trinity is clearly indicated, the Bologna Fragments often refer generically to 'God'. The actions of the incarnate Christ are thus described: 1 Verso 21-23: ... þuei ja[h p]aitr[u] sagqanana standandan in marein ganasides... '...Thou Who saved sinking Peter standing in the sea...' Indeed, the Incarnation itself is treated thus, in a passage previously mentioned: 2 Verso 6-9: jabai nist g(u)þ bi ƕana qaþ esaeias sai magaþs in kilþein ganimiþ jah gabairiþ sunu jah haitan namo is inmanuel þatei ist gaskeiriþ miþ unsis g(u)þ ̇ 'If it is not God, of whom quoth Isaiah, 'See, a maiden conceives in womb and bears a son; and they call his name Emmanuel, which is interpreted "God-with-us"?' It may be suggested that all of the references be held primarily to refer to the Second Person. After all, it is through Him that all things are made in both John's Gospel and the Nicene Creed. Indeed, the statement in the deathbed creed of the greatest of Gothic churchmen, Wulfila, is stronger still: Credo... in unigenitum filium eius, dominum et deum nostrum, opificem et factorem universe creature 'I believe ... in His only-begotten Son, our Lord and God, creator and maker of all things.' v No doubt related to this is Wulfila's further statement that the Father is the 'God of our God'. God the Father is beyond all human or material doings; the Son creates and rules the world. This interpretation of the Bologna Fragment is not unproblematic, however. Consider 1 Recto 11-13 ufar þuk f(rauj)a nih airus nih agg[i]lus nih andbahts nih ahma ak silba f(rauj)a qam du nasjan unsis ̇ 'Above thee, O Lord, [is] neither messenger nor angel nor servant [i.e. prophet] nor spirit; but the Lord Himself came to save us.' Evidently, this passage expands upon the Septuagint version of Isaiah 63:9 (οὐ πρέσβυς οὐδὲ ἄγγελος ἀλλ ̓ αὐτὸς κύριος ἔσωσεν αὐτοὺς, 'not a messenger nor an angel but the Lord himself saved them'. To speak of the Lord Himself coming to save is, in a Christian context, to speak of the Incarnation, and therefore of the Second Person of the Trinity. How then to reconcile to this the ufar þuk? Is God the Father not spirit / ahma (John 4:24), which the author has added to the passage? In the context of a hierarchical Trinity, this complicates identification of the Son with all citations of God. Even if ahma was used in a sense that did not include the Father, such usage does not suggest a careful guarding against misinterpretation. Trinitarian theology seems to have been far from the author's mind. Thus, definite Homoian theological indices are not likely to be found in the Bologna Fragments, though further attention may yield further clues. Furthermore, even when a sustained argument can be detected, as in the jabai nist guþ example, the significance and intended interlocutors remain unclear. One important conclusion may be drawn, however: the author's inattention to the theology of the Trinity suggests distance from controversy on the subject. Such distance could arise in either a Homoian or a Nicene context, but is noteworthy to find in Gothic in either case. The Bol


Based on the core approach of the tree edit distance algorithm, the system central module is designed to target the scope of TE -- semantic variability. The main idea is to transform the hypothesis making use of extensive semantic knowledge from sources like DIRT, WordNet, Wikipedia, acronyms database. Additionally, we built a system to acquire the extra background knowledge needed and applied complex grammar rules for rephrasing in English.


In this paper we analyze an English teacher's beliefs in her first year of teaching adolescent students in a public school. The data were generated through a recorded interview which was transcribed for qualitative analysis. Based on studies within Applied Linguistics, Psychology and Education, the beliefs were inferred regarding the teaching experiences with adolescents and teaching in the public school context. The data reveal a distance between the teacher and her students, characterized by two types of mismatches, the constraint to understand and be understood by adolescents and the constraint she felt while having to integrate the theoretical knowledge she acquired from her English teacher education course and her classroom practice. About the public school, she believes it is not possible to teach English in an effective way, here understood as oral modality, due to several contextual and internal factors such as the students' demotivation, excessive number of students per class and gaps in her initial teacher education process.


Consider two sequences generated by an1+ I = M(a,,. b,), h,1 + =M'( a, I, b,) where the a,, and b,, are positive and M and M' are means. The paper discusses the nine processes which arise by restricting the choice of M and M' to the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, one case being that used by Archimedes to estimate 1r. Most of the paper is devoted to the arithmetic-harmonic mean, whose limit is expressed as an infinite product and as an infinite series in two ways. 1. Introduction. Recently (3) we have discussed the generalized Archimedean process in which two sequences (an) and (bn) are defined by (la) an+ 1 = M(an, bn), (lb) bn+1 = M'(an+11 bn), where a0, bo E R+ and M and M' are mappings from R+ x R+ to R+ which satisfy


Background The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic microwave ablation and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (LAPS) in the treatment of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Clinical data of patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer who underwent LAPS or ALPPS surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from April 2013 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. In the study, all patients signed informed consents and were approved by local ethics committees. Statistical analysis of data were performed by the SPSS 26.0. Results 7 patients with HCC underwent LAPS, while 14 patients underwent ALPPS surgery during the same period. 42.9% of patients had a single tumor, and the median tumor diameter was 96 mm (range: 26–151 mm), the median preoperative FLR was 29.0% (range19.5%-38.8%). The severe morbidity rates of patients undergoing LAPS was lower than those receiving ALPPS after the first operation (P=0.009). The median time to first passage of flatus of patients in the ALPPS group and LAPS group was 3d and 2d (P=0.037) and the median time to out of bed was 4d and 2d (P=0.040). 6 patients in the LAPS group completed the second stage operation, and 11 patients in the ALPPS group completed the second stage operation (P=0.694). The median interval was 15 days in the LAPS group and 11 days in the ALPPS group (P=0.006). The incidence of severe complications was 36.4% in the ALPSS group and 50.0% in the LAPS group after the second operation (P=0.615). One patient in the ALPPS group died after the second operation. There was no difference in FLR growth rate, operative time and intraoperative loss between the two groups. Conclusions LAPS has potential advantages over classical ALPPS in reducing postoperative liver failure and severe complications. LAPS may have the same effect in promoting the growth of FLR in patients with hepatitis B virus-related HCC, with a longer interval between the two operations.


Improving relation extraction process requires to have a better insight of the proper text or to use external resources. Our work lies in the first term of this alternative, and aim at extending works about semantic relation identification in texts for building taxonomies which constitute the backbone of ontologies on which Semantic Web applications are built. We consider a specific discursive structure, the enumerative structure, as it bears explicit hierarchical knowledge. This structure is expressed with the help of lexical or typo-dispositional markers whose role is to introduce hierarchical levels between its components. Typo-dispositional markers are unfortunately not integrated into most parsing systems used for information extraction tasks. In order to extend the taxonomic relation identification process, we thus propose a method for recognizing this relation through enumerative structures which benefit from typo-dispositional markers (we called them non-linear enumerative structures). Our method is based on supervised machine learning. Two strategies have been applied: a linear classification with a MaxEnt and a non-linear one with a SVM. The results obtained in each of these approaches are close, with respectively an F1 of 81.25% and of 81.77%.


ABSTRACT This article reports the findings from a qualitative study evaluating a Visiting Mum scheme that supported Welsh children with a mother in prison. There are 12 women's prisons in England, and none in Wales. Women living in south and west Wales are currently incarcerated at HMP Eastwood Park, Gloucestershire. This is significant for Welsh children, as journeys to the prison are extensive and costly. This article focuses on the rarely heard experiences of the children when visiting prison. We ran focus groups with 12 children utilising innovative, participatory and creative methods. The findings reveal a hidden population of children who suffer disproportionately as a result of their mother's incarceration but who were effectively supported by a service which helped to sustain mother–child relationships during their mothers' imprisonment.


In this paper, we analyze and improve the limitations of the traditional Role-based Access Control (RBAC) model, and we propose an improved RBAC model called ET-RBAC. In ET-RBAC, the constraints of environment module and time module are added to realize dynamic authorization and resource allocation of roles on the basis of the original RBAC model. For the revocation of resources and permissions, the non-relevant revocation method is adopted to avoid the influence of the dynamic changes of the upper-level role on the permissions of the next-level role. We design and implement the ET-RBAC model, including role design, user design, permission design, family group design, resource allocation mechanism design and database management model design, and the model is implemented in the smart home management system. After completing the overall design, this model can be applied to various application platforms with access control requirements to ensure the security of application platform resource access.


Privacy is the ability of an individual or group for seclude themselves, or information about themselves, and hereby expressing them selectively. The boundaries and content of what is considered to private differ among the cultures and individuals, but share the common themes. When something is private to a person, it usually to means that something is inherently special and sensitive to them. The domain of privacy partially it overlaps security, which can be include the concepts of appropriate use, as well as for protection of information. Privacy may also take form of bodily integrity. World Wide Web is expanding quickly throughout the many years. These days, web has ended up to tremendous wellspring of Information. In procedure of gaining data, web indexes assume an essential part. Number of query items that are acquired or indicated through different internet searchers, yet low quality and less precision for indexed lists make troublesome for client to pick up the data that is required. Personalized web Search (PWS) has shown sufficiency in upgrading the way for diverse request advantages on Internet. Regardless, to confirmations show that clients dislike to uncover the private information to the midst of request has transformed into the major prevention for the great extension of PWS. We consider security for affirmation in PWS applications that model client inclination as dynamic user profiles. Here propose a PWS framework called UPS that can be adaptively entirety up profiles by inquiries while with respect to the client defined security for requirements. Our runtime generalization goes for striking the concordance between the two farsighted estimations that survey utility of personalization and for the security danger for revealing summed up of profile. Here demonstrate two enthusiastic algorithms, to be particular Greedy DP furthermore Greedy IL, for runtime generalization.


Conversion of cocoa beans to chocolate product is, therefore, one of the promising alternatives to increase the value added of dried cocoa beans. On the other hand, the development of chocolate industry requires an appropriate technology that is not available yet for small or medium scale of business. Breaking and deshelling cocoa roasted beans is one important steps in cocoa processing to ascertain good chocolate quality. The aim of this research is to study performance of rotary cutter type breaking machine for breaking and deshelling cocoa roasted beans. Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute has designed and tested a rotary cutter type breaking machine for breaking and deshelling cocoa roasted beans. Breaker unit has rotated by ½ HP power, single phase, 110/220 V and 1440 rpm. Transmission system that use for rotating breaker unit is pulley and single V belt. Centrifugal blower as separator unit between cotyledon and shell has specification 0.5 m 3 /min air flow, 780 Pa, 370 W, and 220 V. Field tests showed that the optimum capacity of the machine was 268 kg/h with 500 rpm speed of rotary cutter, 2,8 m/s separator air flow, and power require was 833 W. Percentage product in outlet 1 and 2 were 94.5% and 5.5%. Particle distribution from outlet 1 was 92% as cotyledon, 8% as shell in cotyledon and on outlet 2 was 97% as shell, 3% as cotyledon in shell. Key words:cocoa, breaking, rotary cutter, quality.


Thirteen soil factors of the soils from 9different plantations in the Yellow River delta were determined.Using the method of PCA,2synthesized factors were selected as targets for evaluating soil fertility.The results were quantified,scored and sequenced to the collected data relevant to the soil fertility in the selected plots by PCA.The result showed that the score of the control was lower than that of other plantations.It revealed the fact that the effect of those plantations on soil fertility improvement was obvious,and the effect of 27year-old pure Ailanthus altissima plantation on soil fertility improvement was the best.In short,the scores of mixed plantations were much higher than those of the pure plantations.It revealed that the effect of those mixed plantations on soil fertility improvement were better than that of the pure plantation.


Ant colony algorithm is introduced into the multi-agent(Multi Agents,MAS) model to simulate urban evolution.With the probability of urban development,agent through the ant colony algorithm to find the maximum utility plots,building a system which can simulate and analog urban expansion with a number of natural factors and different decision.The experiments show that the introduction of the ant colony algorithm to better simulate urban evolution.


In this article, I review two books that address the power of music for the individual and group. Both books address the benefits of making, learning, and listening to music during times of conflict. The first brief review is David McPhail's picture book Mole Music. The second is Children of the Stone: The Power of Music in a Hard Land, Sandy Tolan's nonfiction account of how music functions in the lives of those who live in the Middle East. The fictional picture book highlights the ideal of music directly prompting peace, while Tolan's story of Ramzi Aburedwan's transformation from a Palestinian boy throwing stones at Israeli soldiers to musician and activist demonstrates the complexity of a concerted and purposeful effort to promote peace through music. Each book provides an opportunity to engage students at the secondary level in discussions of how music functions in their lives and others.


Objective: To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (in vitro) and survival rate (in vivo) of molar tubes with conventional and modified mesh base designs.

Materials and Methods: Molar tubes of two different base design ie conventional (American Orthodontics) and modified base design (Ortho Organizers) were evaluated and compared for shear bond strength and survival. 20 molar tubes of each type were bonded on freshly extracted first permanent molars. Shear bond strength was tested using a Universal testing machine. 20 patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were selected. Molar tubes with two different base designs were placed on alternate sides in the four quadrants so that each arch had molar tubes of both types. Survival of the bonded tubes was evaluated monthly for a period of six months.

Results: Molar tubes having conventional mesh base design showed greater shear bond strength (10.49 Mpa) as compared to modified mesh base design (10.41 Mpa). The difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.004). However, tubes with a modified mesh base (OO) showed a greater survival rate (95%) compared to those with conventional mesh base (85%).

Conclusion: Molar tubes with conventional mesh base design bonded with Transbond XT showed greater shear bond strength than molar tubes with modified mesh base design. Molar tubes with modified mesh base design showed a greater survival rate than molar tubes with conventional mesh base design.

Keywords: Shear bond strength, Molar tubes, Universal testing machine.


Recent letters pages in Nursing Standard have indicated a seismic shift: former colleagues now compete to be the most victimised.


The Holy Quran and Hadith are the two main sources of legislation and guidelines for Muslims to shape their lives. The daily activities, sayings, and deeds of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are called Hadiths. Hadiths are the optimal practical descriptions of the Holy Quran. Technological advancements of information and communication technologies (ICT) have revolutionized every field of daily life, including digitizing the Holy Quran and Hadith. Available online contents of Hadith are obtained from different sources. Thus, alterations and fabrications of fake Hadiths are feasible. Authentication of these online available Hadith contents is a complex and challenging task and a crucial area of study in Islam. Few Hadith authentication techniques and systems are proposed in the literature. In this study, we have surveyed all techniques and systems, which are proposed for Hadith authentication. Furthermore, classification, open challenges, and future research directions related to Hadith authentication are identified.


The Reliability-based Structural Optimization(RBSO) in this paper includes system reliability index constraints,but it is difficult for genetic algorithm(GA) to solve the optimization issue with constraint,so in this process,how to handle the constraint become sixty-four-dollar question of establishing the fitness function and circulating this algorithm.Based on exterior penalty function method,mathematic model is made,penalty gene is get adaptively according to population's evolution,and mapping formula of objective function and constraint transformed fitness function is established.Subsequently laxity variable is introduced in primary mathematic model,based on Lagrange multiplier method,a new fitness function mapping formula is made,this method can avoid penalty function morbidity by means of adding a Lagrange multiplier,and has a more quick and stable convergence,genetic algorithm for numerical optimization for constrained problem is successfully solved.The calculation shows that the two equations' are reasonable,and the multiplier method has better convergence capability.


The goal of this DOE Vision-21 project work scope was to develop an integrated suite of software tools that could be used to simulate and visualize advanced plant concepts. Existing process simulation software did not meet the DOE's objective of ''virtual simulation'' which was needed to evaluate complex cycles. The overall intent of the DOE was to improve predictive tools for cycle analysis, and to improve the component models that are used in turn to simulate equipment in the cycle. Advanced component models are available; however, a generic coupling capability that would link the advanced component models to the cycle simulation software remained to be developed. In the current project, the coupling of the cycle analysis and cycle component simulation software was based on an existing suite of programs. The challenge was to develop a general-purpose software and communications link between the cycle analysis software Aspen Plus{reg_sign} (marketed by Aspen Technology, Inc.), and specialized component modeling packages, as exemplified by industrial proprietary codes (utilized by ALSTOM Power Inc.) and the FLUENT{reg_sign} computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code (provided by Fluent Inc). A software interface and controller, based on an open CAPE-OPEN standard, has been developed and extensively tested. Various test runs and demonstration cases have been utilized to confirm the viability and reliability of the software. ALSTOM Power was tasked with the responsibility to select and run two demonstration cases to test the software--(1) a conventional steam cycle (designated as Demonstration Case 1), and (2) a combined cycle test case (designated as Demonstration Case 2). Demonstration Case 1 is a 30 MWe coal-fired power plant for municipal electricity generation, while Demonstration Case 2 is a 270 MWe, natural gas-fired, combined cycle power plant. Sufficient data was available from the operation of both power plants to complete the cycle configurations. Three runs were completed for each Demonstration Case--(1) an initial baseline run using the existing component libraries in Aspen Plus{reg_sign}, (2) a second run where one of the library components was replaced with an ALSTOM Power proprietary code, and (3) a third run where a cycle component was replaced with a FLUENT{reg_sign} CFD simulation. Each of the three runs was successfully completed over a range of loads. This report documents the case runs and discusses the viability and capabilities of the linkage/interface software.


By comparing the frequency and categories of lexical chunks employed in the written discourse by beginners,intermediate and advanced language learners,the results indicate that the use of lexical chunks is significantly related to the levels of language learners.There exists a linear relationship between them.Moreover,the forms of lexical chunks tend to be various with the improvement of levels of language learners.


especially among intellectuals whose temptation is pride. Indeed, it is strange that in this book nobody mentioned the need of humility, except in the act of ridiculing St. Augustine for demanding " an abject, infantile stance of dependence." In a book on faith, even to college students, one would have liked to hear quoted: " unless you become as little children." In the same essay it is stated that: "we must admit the obvious morality of many non-believers and must assent to the fact that their approach has often flowered in more concrete loving activity in the world than has been furnished by a trans-temporal Christian faith." (p. 121) But, why should we foul our own nest in this way? After all, it is God's Church. Has Fr. Carroll reflected on the complete failure of the unbelieving world even to tackle the problem of poverty and disease? Is it just to make such a statement without mentioning the martyrs of charity in the Catholic Church? I put these questions not to damn a book of many merits but to express my disagreement with these loose and inaccurate ways of speaking. Perhaps they gain the passing sympathy of a particular audience, but they do not witness to the truth. In the end, that is what matters.


Male college students verbally judged time intervals with or without feedback on the accuracy of their judgments after each trial. Some subjects judged only short intervals (5-10 sec) in both three-block phases, others only long intervals (40-80 sec), and others were switched from short to long intervals or vice versa between phases. Feedback decreased mean absolute error, increasingly so across blocks, and by the fifth block this training transferred for subjects whose range of intervals had changed between phases, more so for a change from long to short intervals than vice versa. These findings and the correlations of absolute error between phases without feedback suggest that different processes may subserve the judgment of short and long intervals.


The present study was carried out on Wular lake, the largest freshwater lake of India to obtain a baseline data on the dynamics of species composition and density of cladoceran zooplankton for the period of one year from September 2010 to August 2011 at five different study sites. Investigations revealed about 23 species of Cladocera belonging to six families were reported during the entire study. Among the six families, Chydoridae was numerically dominant, being represented by nine species, followed by Daphnidae with seven species, Bosminidae, Moinidae and Sididae with two species each and Macrothricidae with only one species. Shannon index was noticed highest for site III reflecting the stable environmental conditions of this biotope.


Proper choice of source populations contributes to the ultimate success of selection for genetic improvement. The source population should possess the most desirable alleles at as many loci as possible for intrapopulation improvement. Significant differences among selfed progenies within SPV-104 x S-512 were observed for all traits, while significant differences among selfed progenies within SPV-126 were noted for grain yield per plant, panicle length, 100-grain weight and days to flowering. Progenies developed from SPV-104 x S-512 population had higher estimates of σ2G for number of branches per panicle, plant height and days to flowering, showing that selection to improve these traits would be more effective in progenies of SPV-104 x S-512. On the other hand, progenies developed from SPV-126 population had higher estimates of σ2G for panicle length, indicating that progenies from this population would have better genetic gain for this trait. Comparable estimates of genetic variance were found for grain yield per plant and 100-grain weight, indicating that genetic improvement of the source populations is expected to produce similar genetic gains for these two traits. Therefore, selfed progenies developed from both source populations could be used to develop superior genotypes for immediate use in the production system.


The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) plays a very important role to extract the maximum power of the photovoltaic (PV) system by ensuring its optimal production under sunshine and temperature variations. This study presents an algorithm based MPPT named an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) which is built with the combination of the artificial neural network (ANN) and the fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The efficiency of the ANFIS algorithm is tested under Matlab/Simulink and compared with the fixed step conventional perturb and observe (P&O) and the gradient descent techniques under temperature and irradiance change. The obtained results showed a significant improvement in performances of the PV system using the ANFIS-MPPT technique which provides also faster convergence, stability in steady state, less oscillations around the MPP and higher efficiency to track the maximum power from the PV system compared to other techniques under different operating conditions.


SUMMARY There are currently growing concerns about the impacts of marine fisheries in vulnerable bycatch species, such as sea turtles. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) is preparing an assessment on the impacts of ICCAT fisheries on sea turtle population, with the assessments scheduled to start in 2013, and the data preparation starting in 2012. Integrated in this process, this document was prepared to compile and revise currently available information on interactions between fisheries and sea turtle population within the ICCAT Convention area, including the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. More emphasis is given to interactions with ICCAT fisheries, such as pelagic longlines, purse seines, driftnets and tuna traps, but other non-ICCAT fisheries that operate within the ICCAT convention area, such as trawl and nets, are also addressed. A summary of the data currently available at the ICCAT Secretariat to carry out the analysis is also presented. RESUME


A simple dynamically-typed, (purely) object-oriented language is defined. A structural operational semantics as well as a Hoare-style program logic for reasoning about programs in the language in multiple notions of correctness are given. The Hoare logic is proved to be both sound and (relative) complete and is -- to the best of our knowledge -- the first such logic presented for a dynamically-typed language.


Phospholipids (PL) are a major, diverse constituent of cell membranes. PL diversity arises from the nature of the fatty acid chains, as well as the head group structure. The head group charge is thought to contribute to both the strength, and specificity of protein-membrane interactions. Furthermore, the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+, have been shown to be essential for optimal binding for some of these interactions. Because it has been difficult to measure membrane charge, it has been impossible to quantitate the role charge plays in these interactions. However, Nanodiscs provide a stable, planar membrane bilayer suitable for biophysical studies. Here we present the first measurements of the charge on Nanodiscs containing neutral (POPC and POPE) and anionic (POPS, POPA, and PIP2) PLs in varying ratios, and in different solvent conditions. The data reveal that: 1) Nanodiscs provide high-quality charge data using membrane-confined electrophoresis (MCE), and; 2) Nanodiscs exhibit polyelectrolyte behavior. Therefore, the technique of MCE combined with the technology of Nanodiscs give us the ability to develop a simple, reproducible way to analyze lipid charge under physiological conditions; which can clarify inconsistencies between data obtained using various analytical techniques, membrane systems, and experimental conditions.


Objective:To investigate the application and development trend of psychotropic drugs of categoryⅡ,and provide reference for rational drug use in clinic.Methods:The utilization of psychotropic drugs of categoryⅡwere analyzed in respect of consumption sum and DDDs.Results:The consumption sum and DDDs of psychotropic drugs of categoryⅡincreased year by year in 2005-2009.The growing rates of consumption sum and DDDs of psychotropic drugs of categoryⅡin 2009 were 62.3% and 29.3% respectively compared with that in 2005.The benzodiazepines such as estazolam and clonazepam still were in the important position in terms of DDDs and consumption sum,while the consumption amount of non-benzodiazepines such as zolpidem and zaleplon increased year by year.Conclusion:Benzodiazepines still played an important role in the use of psychotropic drugs of categoryⅡ.The usage of non-benzodiazepines also increased,which might have a wide and bright future.


INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this study is to elucidate longitudinal kinematic changes of the hip joint during heels-down squatting after THA.METHODS66 patients with 76 primary cementless THAs using a CT-based navigation system were investigated using fluoroscopy. An acetabular component and an anatomical femoral component were used through the mini-posterior approach with repair of the short rotators. The femoral head size was 28mm (9 hips), 32mm (12 hips), 36mm (42 hips), and 40mm (12 hips). Longitudinal evaluation was performed at 3 months, 1 year, and 2≤ years postoperatively. Successive hip motion during heels-down squatting was recorded as serial digital radiographic images in a DICOM format using a flat panel detector. The coordinate system of the acetabular and femoral components based on the neutral standing position was defined. The images of the hip joint were matched to 3D-CAD models of the components using a2D/3D registration technique. In this system, the root mean square errors of rotation wa...


The idea of actualization of classical figure channel is on the basis of collateral multi-path,which is com- posed of a set of hardware filters.Though it can process data real-timely,the equipment spending will linearly increase while the holistic reliability will inevitably goes down,as the processing data bandwidth enlarges and the sub-channel frequency reso- lution increases.The article brings forward the method of detection noise removing,based on the theory of signal detection and signal detecting on the time frequency chart gotten by time frequency analysis tools.In allusion to the feature of broadband data background noise,three estimating algorithms of background noise are advanced:the discarding the big and keeping the small method,the logarithm statistical method and the frequency shift averaging method.Besides,the background noise is smoothed with the line and surface bonding method,and the atmospheric interference is actually wiped off.Through the test of certain short -wave signals in actual reception,the availability of the algorithms is proved.


Through multi-element analysis,XRD,SEM and microscopic analysis and other measurements,the detailed process mineralogical studies on the mica mine were carried out to identify the chemical composition,mineral composition,micro morphology,grain composition and dissemination characteristics of the ore.The results showed that mica is mainly dominated by muscovite and biotite,and small amounts of sericite exist in it;gangue minerals are mainly to quartz,garnet,hematite and iepidocrocite.The dissemination relations of mica minerals are complicated and the growth is interbedded,gangue minerals are homogeneously embedded by fine grain and symbiosis with mica,belong to the ore of easy cleavage and difficult separation.The results can provide the basic references for the rational exploitation of the mica mine.


The Ipcheon Subbasin is an isolated Miocene basin in SE Korea, which has the geometry of an asymmetric graben elongated in the NE-SW direction. It is in contact with basement rocks by faults and separated from adjacent Waup and Eoil basins by the basement. The strata of the basin fills have an overall homoclinal structure, dipping toward NW or WNW. The basin fills consist of Early Miocene sediments rich in dacitic volcanic and volcaniclastic deposits and Middle Miocene non-volcanic and nonmarine conglomerates intercalated with sand layers, which are distributed in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the basin, respectively. Kinematic analysis of syndepositional conjugate faults in the basin fills indicates WNW-ESE extension of the basin. These features are very similar to those of the adjacent Waup and Eoil basins, indicating that the basin extension was governed by the NE-trending northwestern border faults and that the basin experienced a propagating rifting from NE to SW. Basaltic materials, which occur abundantly in the Eoil Basin, are totally absent in the Ipcheon Subbasin. The observations of the dacitic tuff and tuffaceous mudstone in the subbasin, on slabs and under microscope, suggest that they have lithologies very similar to those of the Yondongri Tuff in the Waup Basin. The Middle Miocene non-volcanic sediments of the Waup and Eoil basins and the Ipcheon Subbasin are distributed consistently in the southwestern part of each basin. It is thus concluded that the extension of the Ipcheon Subbasin began at about 22 Ma together with the Waup Basin and was lulled during the main extension period of the Eoil Basin between 20-18 Ma. At about 17 Ma, the subbasin was re-extended due to the activation of the Yeonil Tectonic Line associated with the propagating rifting toward SW. This event is interpreted to have provided new sedimentation space for the Middle Miocene sediments in the southwestern parts of the Waup and Eoil basins and the Ipcheon Subbasin as well.


Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency of innate immunity, leading to increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections and to dysregulated inflammatory responses. The disease is caused by defects in the genes encoding any of the components of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex, which is essential for the intracellular killing of pathogens by phagocytes [1]. Two recent articles published in Clinical and Experimental Immunology offer important contributions regarding several aspects of the disease [2,8]. Barkai et al. [2] have reported on the clinical, genetic and functional characterization of 16 Israeli patients diagnosed with CGD in adulthood [https://doi.org/10.1111/ cei.13474]. In their analysis, X-CGD accounted for a minority (31.2%) of the patients. The authors reported two categories of adult patients: those who had a milder clinical phenotype and those who had a classic phenotype with severe infectious and inflammatory complications reflecting a profoundly impaired neutrophil function. Although CGD is usually diagnosed in childhood, patients may also be diagnosed later in life as adults. This delay in diagnosis is attributed to the rarity of the disease, and hence its low awareness among physicians. The authors reported that the highest common factor leading to a correct CGD diagnosis was recent diagnosis of a family member, followed by suspicion on the part of an expert other than an immunologist, diagnosis by an immunologist and incidental findings through whole exome sequencing (WES) during a search for metabolic disease. The different misdiagnoses of CGD identified were, mainly tuberculosis, followed by sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease. A number of recent reports have provided further information on adult patients with CGD [3,4]. Overall, onset in adulthood did not predict less severe disease. Indeed, despite appropriate prophylaxis, infection rates in adults were similar to those reported in children and they were the first cause of death. Inflammatory complications, especially pulmonary and digestive, seem to predominate during adulthood and have a profound impact on CGDassociated morbidity and treatment. These conditions are especially difficult to manage because immunosuppressive treatments are challenging in patients with a severe immunodeficiency. Moreover, surviving patients often experience growth failure, severe organ dysfunction, chronic dyspnea, non-infectious liver disease and autoimmune manifestations. Adults with CGD showed decreased wellbeing when compared with the general population, in both the physical and mental dimensions, possibly due to incoming comorbidities over time. Furthermore, despite modern management, there is an ongoing mortality associated with Clinical and Experimental Immunology EdItorIal doi: 10.1111/cei.13554


Insect pest auto identification technology is the key to realization of agricultural modernization. Machine vision applied on it pushing ahead development of auto identification of insect pest. Aiming at research of agricultural insect pest identification in domestic and abroad, this paper analyzes advance and application of insect pest identification based on machine vision, fully and systematically and expounds theorem, research methods and key problems of applying mathematical morphology, binary tree algorithm and artificial neural networks, reports that prospect and difficulties of auto identification, which in order to promote the research application in china.


In order to improve the utilization efficiency of mangosteen pericarp and make rational use of its active components, the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor active components, molecular formula, structural formula, physical and chemical properties and action mechanism of mangosteen pericarp were analyzed The results showed that the active components of mangosteen shell also had antioxidant activity, anti-ultraviolet radiation effect, cardiovascular disease improvement effect, neuroprotective effect and intestinal disease protection effect. Among the extraction methods of active components from mangosteen shell, supercritical fluid extraction and vegetable oil assisted extraction have the characteristics of green nature, environmental protection and energy saving, and have broad market prospects in the development and utilization of mangosteen pericarp.


Sound event localization and detection (SELD), as a combination of sound event detection (SED) task and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation task, aims at detecting the different sound events and obtaining their corresponding localization information simultaneously. The more outperforming systems are required to be applied into the more complex acoustic environments. In this paper, our method called global-local fusion enhancement (GLFE) is presented for Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) 2022 challenge task 3: Sound Event Localization and Detection Evaluated in Real Spatial Sound Scenes. It could be regarded as a convolution enhancement method. Firstly, the multiple feature cross fusion (MFCF) based on different local receptive fields is proposed. Considering the diversity of real sound events, self-attention network (SANet) integrating global information to local feature is introduced to help the system obtain more efficient information. Further, the skip fusion enhancement (SFE) is explored to fuse the features of different levels by the skip-connection in order to improve feature representation. On Sony-TAu Realistic Spatial Soundscapes 2022 (STRSS22) development dataset, the proposed system shows the significant improvement compared with the baseline system. Series of experiences are implemented only on the first-order Ambisonics (FOA) dataset.


This article explores whether pay decisions based on pre-contract efficiency are necessarily correct. Overcoming methodology problems of previous studies, we use each player's contract of National Basketball Association (NBA) as an observation. The empirical results show that managers indeed pay their employees according to an evaluation of their pre-contract efficiency. However, the pay decisions are not correct. Relative to the final year of the last contract, employees' efficiency in the first year of the current contract decreases with increased salary. The reason is that managers put more weight on players' efficiency in the final year of the last contract than on the average efficiency. Our findings deepen our understanding of the mechanism of compensation contract.


The objective of this study was to find the types of errors made by the grade nine junior high school in using Simple Past Tense in writing narrative. The classification of errors in this study is divided into four categories; they are omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. The subject of this study consists of 17 students of nine grade of SMPN 2 Sidoarjo who have more than 100 words writing. The method used in this study was descriptive analysis method to describe students' errors and analyze the data by using formula: = × %, P=Percentage, F=Frequency of errors made, N=Total of students' errors. The data was taken from the test; it was written test. The findings showed that there are 63 errors made by the students in the first test. The most frequent errors made by the students in their narrative writing focused on the use of simple past tense is misformation which consists of 33 errors or 52%,  omission with 15 of total errors or 24 %,  addition with 12 of total errors or 19 % and  misordering 3 of total errors or 5%. The second test showed that there are 9 errors made by the students in the second test.  The most frequent error made in second test by the nine grade students of SMPN 2 Sidoarjo is omission with 5 of total errors or 45 %. The second is Misformation with 4 of total errors or 36 %. The next is Addition with 2 of total errors or 19 %. The last is Misordering 0 of total errors or 0 %.


Based on the autumn irrigation experiment on saline soil,the change of soil water and salt under different autumn irrigation requirements were studied.The results showed: when autumn irrigation requirement is from 150 mm to 200 mm,soil water is suitable to spring planting.Autumn irrigation can play role on the leaching salt.However the requirement is generally not too large.The soil water on untilled land is larger that on ploughed land.Before autumn irrigating,not to plough is more helpful to water storage and moisture conservation.


Summary
Urbanization is increasing faster than ever, contributing to a global extinction crisis. Recently, scientists have debated whether species richness on local and regional scales is mostly declining, but long-term changes in phylogenetic richness and divergence were largely disregarded. Space-for-time approaches revealed that plant phylogenetic divergence is lower in urban than in non-urban areas. However, such approaches cannot fully disentangle the relative importance of the biotic processes that drive temporal changes in diversity.
Using a unique European urban flora covering 320 years in seven time steps, combined with a comprehensive plant phylogeny, we examined (i) how species richness changed with urbanization over time; (ii) whether trends in phylogenetic richness and divergence parallel trends in species richness; and (iii) whether species extirpation or immigration is driving these changes.
We found that over time urban species richness increased, but phylogenetic richness and divergence decreased. Extirpations of phylogenetically distinct native species and immigrations of phylogenetically common native and non-native species caused a non-random loss of phylogenetic diversity. Our analyses suggest that if future extirpations and immigrations continue to follow the patterns observed over history, this loss will continue.
Synthesis and applications. Measures to protect phylogenetic diversity should combine the protection of threatened habitats and their species with the maintenance of habitats that mitigate heat and safeguard evolutionary history. Urban planners should consider a phylogenetically diverse set of species when designing green spaces.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the value of 12 lead ECG Holter monitoring during usual daily life to assess spontaneous changes of ST-segment elevation and its relation with clinical profile in Brugada syndrome. Methods: 21 patients and 25 non-affected first degree relatives were included. A 24-hour digital Holter ECG with 12 leads was recorded during daily life. Beat to beat ST level at 40, 60 and 80 ms after J point was analyzed. Episodes of spontaneous augmentation of ST level (ST episodes) were assessed. Results: ST-segment level at 60 ms after J point showed the highest predicted value to assess transient changes of STsegment elevation. 60% of patients showed transient episodes of absolute ST augmentation. Transient elevation of STsegment was related to patients with abnormal ST at baseline.


We define quasi-Frobenius semigroups and find necessary and sufficient conditions under which a semigroup algebra of a 0-cancellative semigroup is quasi-Frobenius.