Purpose: To examine the effects of natural disasters on development in Uganda.
Methodology: The study adopted documentary review as a data collection technique in which data is gathered from reports from different sources, journals, magazines, newspapers, institutional archives, reports and articles which have data linked to the research being undertaken (Creswell, 2014). A documentary review checklist was employed to solicit data related to an examination of effects of natural disasters on development in Uganda from the Ministry of Disaster Preparedness and Refugees archives. This method was preferred by the researcher over other methods because was able to gain permission to access information from different department at the Ministry of Disaster and preparedness archives. In addition, using document analysis takes out the personal aspect of the effect a researcher might have on an individual during an interview.
Findings: Epidemics have been the most important public health emergency in the districts of Uganda and neighboring countries.  The situation has been worsened by the outbreak of COVID-19 being first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 (WHO, 2019). The most threatening epidemics in Uganda include Ebola, Marburg, Cholera HIV/AIDS and Malaria but the discussion on epidemics here will be limited to Ebola, Malaria and crop and animal diseases (Mullen et al, 2020). Floods and landslides are another type of natural disasters that affect development in Uganda leaving direct destruction or impacts on assets (Botzen et al, 2019). In addition, famine is the most dominant   natural disasters Uganda faces from time to time despite having the necessary conditions for food security like fertile land and a favorable climate for agriculture as a large part of the population across the country fall victim to famine regularly (Government of Uganda, 2010). Disasters continue disrupting lives, livelihood and leaving adverse effects on individuals, communities, economies and even governments and ultimately affecting development.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: It's therefore recommended that disaster management should focus on mitigation against identifiable Threats. The disaster management should also create more robust systems that can withstand a variety of known and unknown shocks. The disaster management theory may be used to anchor future studies in the disaster management sector


Burned-over big sagebrush sites dominated by perennial grasses supported fewer species of birds and fewer total number of birds than sites of unburned big sagebrush sites.


The Veterans Affairs system could have saved more than $13 million in six years by using contrast-enhanced MR angiography instead of digital subtraction angiography for imaging of peripheral vascular disease, according to a recent study.


Aiming at the problem of guidance law design for intercepting maneuvering targets with the impact angle constraint, a guidance law is designed considering missile's dynamics of the autopilot based on the extended state observer and dynamic surface control methods. Considering that the change rate of the desired line of sight angle is proportional to the unknown target acceleration, the extended state observer is employed to estimate the unknown target acceleration. In order to avoid the singularity problem and eliminate the influence of mismatched uncertainties on the system performance, the nonsingular terminal sliding mode control and dynamic surface control schemes are proposed for the guidance law design.Compared with the traditional guidance law which simply treats the unknown target acceleration as zero, the simulation results show that the proposed guidance law provides better interception performance.


The article describes the development of technology of iodine extraction from the systems based on the concentrated nitrate acid.. The fundamental difference of the offered technology is the application of a differential heat and mass transfer exchange contactor allowing to significantly increasing the degree of iodine removal.


Feedforward data-aided and non-data-aided carrier synchronization algorithms are commonly used for burst transmission. In this paper, we focus on the design of decision-directed carrier synchronization algorithm which can jointly estimate the frequency and phase offset for PSK transmission. Compared with other traditional methods, the proposed algorithm employ only a short length of preamble, while its estimation range is as large as half symbol rate and its accuracy is close to MCRB at low SNR even in high dynamic environments.


There has been conflicting data on the part played by 5-HT neurotransmission pathways in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (Horner 2000). 5-HT controls some aspects of the hypoglossal neurones supplying genioglossus, and is likely to stimulate upper airway muscle activity (Jelev et al. 2001). Reduction in upper airway tone during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is thought to result from withdrawal of 5-HT activity, but the mechanism of further reduced upper airway muscle activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is far from clear. In addition stimulation of vagal afferent C fibres in anaesthetized cats can produce central apnoeas (Vardhan et al. 1993) and this effect can be replicated by stimulation of the nodose ganglion with 5-HT (Sutton 1981). The administration of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists prevents these apnoeas (Yoshioka et al. 1992). In rats ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, also blocks this peripherally mediated central apnoea in REM sleep (Carley and Radulovacki 1999; Radulovacki et al. 1998). Recently in the journal Sleep, it has been shown in a single dose study that ondansetron influences apnoea activity in English bulldogs with OSA, mainly during REM sleep, but also to some extent in NREM sleep (Veasey et al. 2001). It is unclear whether this is due to purely peripheral effects, or additional central effects. This present study was designed to assess whether this effect of a single dose of ondansetron in the bulldog model of OSA could be replicated in humans with OSA. We studied subjects with moderate sleep apnoea, as we hypothesized that in these subjects it would be easier to influence their OSA, in comparison with patients with severe disease where pharyngeal collapsing forces are greatest. Ten patients with symptomatic OSA awaiting nasal continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) were asked to take part in this study if they had moderate disease (>4% SaO2 dips h )1 of between 10 and 40), and lived in or near Oxford (for reasons of convenience). The diagnostic sleep studies were performed using a five-channel respiratory polysomnography system, oximetry, heart rate, body movement, snoring and pulse transit time (providing indices of arousal and respiratory effort; Visi-Laboratory, Stowood Scientific Systems, Oxford, UK). The experimental sleep studies were carried out with conventional polysomnography according to standard criteria (Anonymous 1999) (Embla Medical, Flaga, Iceland). The tracings were analysed to provided separate values for apnoeas per hour, hypopnoeas per hour (HI), combined (AHI), and >4% SaO2 desaturations per hour (ODI). Patients were admitted at 20:00 h for overnight studies on two occasions a week apart. They were asked to refrain from alcohol, sedatives or coffee on the day of admission. All other drugs were allowed and they were asked not to change any regular medications during the week between studies. One hour before the patients chosen bedtimes they were randomized to receive either ondansetron 16 mg or matching placebo. Results from the two nights were compared using paired t-tests. This study was passed by the Oxfordshire Clinical Research Ethics Committee (application no. C01.005) who allowed a maximum oral dose of 16 mg. All 10 patients (one woman) completed the protocol and reported no side-effects. The patients had a mean (SD) age of 53.1 (11.4), mean body mass index of 33.7 (4.9) and their AHI values ranged from 17 to 62. The results are shown in the Table 1. The sleep structure was chaotic, as would be expected, and there were no significant differences between the two groups for percentage or absolute amounts of stages 1 and 2, or 3 and 4, or REM. In addition, there were no significant differences in respiratory indices between the two groups when expressed according to the individual sleep stages. This study has found no effect of ondansetron on moderate OSA, contrary to that found in the English bulldog with mild OSA (Veasey et al. 2001). This could be for several reasons. First, the dose of ondansetron we administered was significantly lower than that used in the bulldogs, 20 and 40 mg, which approximated to 1 and 2 mg kg, respectively. In our study, a dose of 16 mg approximated to 0.15 mg kg. We used this dose as it is the highest recommended single oral dose for nausea control, according to its licensed indication. Secondly, it could be that a longer period of dosing would be appropriate, as there is some evidence in patients with bulimia nervosa that the therapeutic effect may take up to 4 weeks to appear (Faris et al. 2000). Alternatively, it may be that the study was too under-powered to demonstrate an effect. However, the correlation coefficients between night 1 and night 2 for AI, AHI, HI and ODI were 0.64, 0.88, 0.27 and Correspondence: John Stradling, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK. Tel.: 44 1865225236; fax: 44 1865225221; e-mail: email@example.com J. Sleep Res. (2003) 12, 169–170


A method of flow drilling and tapping allows the assembly of sheets minces.Le tubular extension (12) set includes a base (18) tapered at the plate (10). Through this base (18), preferably with a hexagonal base (24), the forces are transmitted along the tubular extension (12), and it is possible to carry out a fastening of a perforated element (1) on a sheet ( 10) of less than 1.5 mm thickness and applying a standard torque.


Hong Kong people never gained autonomy and they were the ruled. What the government intended to educate people always showed the way and the trend of the officials wanted to govern their citizens or subjects. Govern mentality of education policy indicated the intentional reasons of making required citizens through schooling. Basically, the de-colonization showed that the policy of domestication was implemented during the Hong Kong transition period where the government patronized and empowered the Hong Kong people gradually through human rights adopted and political democratization from 1984 to 1997. The intentions were quite obvious presented in policy documents and responded to the historical contexts. Introduction: the Statement of the Problem Historical factors help to analyze policy proposal or initiation of Civic Education in Hong Kong. From 1984 to 1997, fourteen years include the transition period from the British decolonization and the preparation of governing under 'one country two systems' formula by the People Republic of China. It is interesting to understand citizenship built and its education adopted for this kind of governmental administration. This policy analysis describes and explains the Hong Kong government's preparations and intentions for our future citizens and masters. The textual concerns give the document presentation to be put on understanding. The other contextual concerns let the civic education policy be laid in historical situation for more plentiful explanation of policy analysis. This article can helps to explain the civic education policy of Hong Kong in the preparation of power transfer. If policy reflects the social and political orientation or re-orientation of Hong Kong citizens, this analysis wants to understand the reality of the government's educational project of engineering or re-engineering student minds. This study is the educational analysis related to the understanding of preparation and implementation of 'one country, two systems'. Concepts of Citizenship and Education of Hong Kong Citizenship as a concept is difficult to define. It is used to describe people or things that have an official or important status in a particular town of city, such as Hong Kong. Marshall provides that citizenship is a proper basis for the provision of welfare derives. He formulates three major institutions which constitute citizenship within modern states: the courts of justice of civil rights, the parliamentary system of political rights, and the educational system and welfare services of social rights.


In this study we proceed with the identification of four anxiety elaboration strategies in the response sequences to scenes in the "Once-upon-a-time..." projective technique. A strategy which corresponds to the denial of the anxiety emotion Denial -, two strategies which represent different means of positively dealing with anxiety Operational Adaptive Strategy and Emotional Equilibration Strategy -, and a fourth strategy which represents the failure to elaborate this emotion Impossibility were conceived. The evolution of the four strategies was studied in a sample of 100 children, with ages ranging from six to ten years, without identified psychological difficulties, according to their age and expressiveness in each of the seven cards of the "Once-upon-a-time..." technique. The process of growing up implies an increased use of the adaptive strategies Operational Adaptive Strategy and Emotional Equilibration Strategy and a decreased use of the Denial and Impossibility strategies. These findings were theoretically expected and are supportive to the validation of the anxiety elaboration strategies that have been conceived. When comparing these results with those of 30 neglected children, from the ages of six to ten years, whose emotional difficulties led to their consultation at a Psychology Unit, it was expected that, in this latter group of children, the adaptive strategies would be lower, and that Denial and Impossibility in dealing with anxiety would be higher. There are no meaningful differences in the results of the two groups, although the neglected children's group makes use of Denial slightly more than the other group. Limitations of this second study might have contributed to these results, partly due to the low number of subjects. It is our belief that this study improves the interpretation process of the "Once-upon-atime..." technique and may contribute to a new branch of studies regarding this technique. THE "ONCE UPON A TIME..." PROJECTIVE TEST FOR CHILDREN The "Once upon a time..." Test (Fagulha, 1992, 1993, 1997) is a projective technique which makes use of the completion of stories, is destined for children between the ages of 5 and 11 years, and describes the manner in which the children elaborate their emotions of anxiety and pleasure, affective states with an important adaptive function for psychological development (Freud, 1926/1978; Klein, 1932/1969). The task proposed by the "Once upon a time..." Test was organized based on the theories about the expressive function of play (Winnicott, 1971/1975). The Test is composed of seven incomplete stories, presented in cartoon form, which illustrate common situations in the life of any child and that evoke emotions of anxiety and of pleasure. Five cards refer to anxiety provoking situations of a distinct nature separation (Card I), illness (Card II), nightmares (Card IV), conflict between parents (Card VI) and scholastic difficulties (Card VII) and two refer to pleasurable experiences, one of which is related to a trip to the beach (Card III) and the other which illustrates a birthday (Card V). For each card there are nine scenes that represent different possible ways of elaborating the emotional experience evoked by the card. The child is asked to complete the story drawn on the card by selecting and then placing three of these nine scenes in sequence. After selecting and organizing the scenes in sequence, the child tells the story that he/she just invented. The nine scenes available for each card are grouped into three categories of three scenes each. Scenes that illustrate painful or harm associated events, and that reflect the distress resulting from the event proposed by the card represent the Distress category (A). The Fantasy category (F) includes the scenes in which the character is able to alleviate the tension provoked by the critical aspects of the stimulus, by means of resorting to the use of fantasy. The Reality category (R) is composed of scenes that either represent the recognition of the reality (painful or pleasurable) of the card, or represent action strategies that aim to resolve of the situation proposed by the card. It is important to note that the scenes that represent each one of the categories are purposefully not equivalent, in order to allow for a greater variety of expressions in the meanings of the answers (ex: the Fantasy category includes scenes of Possible Fantasy and scenes of Magical Fantasy). The categories of the scenes chosen by the child and the sequences organized with these scenes identify the internal movement of integration and elaboration of anxiety and of pleasure, into a transitional space between fantasy and reality. (Winnicott, 1971/1975). This movement permits the understanding of whether the child can or cannot accept the emotion provoked by the card, if he/she searches for a fantasy solution in order to deal with that emotion, or if he/she is able to elaborate it making use of realistic solutions. In the coding system for the answers to the "Once upon a time..."Test, the analysis of the category of the scenes chosen and their position in the sequence is fundamental and made the elaboration of norms for children from the ages of five to eleven years possible. The stories verbalized by the child complement and can enrich the information obtained from the analysis of the category of scenes and their position in the sequence. The coding system for the answers to the "Once Upon a Time..." Test includes items concerning the verbalizations, and their relation with the previously invented story. STRATEGIES OF ANXIETY ELABORATION IN THE RESPONSE SEQUENCE TO THE SCENES OF THE "ONCE UPON A TIME..." TEST The majority of the studies done on the "Once upon a time..." test have been centered on the analysis of the chosen scenes, according to the respective category, Distress, Fantasy and Reality, and their placement in sequence (in the first, second or third position). In the presentation of the test, Fagulha (1992) pointed out the need and the interest in studying the sequence with the inclusion of the nine available scenes, and not only the three categories. The analysis of the specificity of each scene, in relation to the other scenes of the sequence and in function of the particular theme of each card, is fundamental for the understanding of the internal movement of elaboration of the emotions brought about by the stories that compose the "Once upon a time..."Test. The present work consists of developing and validating a coding system for the response sequences to the scenes of the "Once upon a time..." Test, which includes the analysis of the sequences organized based on the nine scenes available for each card. Based on the theoretical assumptions underlying the "Once upon a time..." Test and on the clinical practice, four response categories were developed concerning the different possible ways of facing anxiety and elaborating it. Even though the "Once upon a time..." Test presents anxiety provoking situations and pleasure situations, it is due to the experience of anxiety that the force of adaptation / elaboration becomes urgent. Therefore, the categories created only refer to the confrontation and elaboration of the anxiety experience. Definition of the strategies of anxiety elaboration A modality was defined to represents the non-recognition of the painful affect -Denial-, and three strategies that involve the recognition of this disturbing affect, corresponding to two distinct ways of elaborating it Operational Adaptive Strategy and Emotional Equilibration Strategy and to one other that proves to be inefficient as a definitive elaboration Impossibility. Denial represents an internal movement that does not allow for becoming conscious of the disturbing aspects of the situation, defending the ego from the anxiety experience (Freud, 1911/1978, 1923/1978; Cramer, 1991, 1996). Denial includes all the sequences of scenes in which fantasy is used as a means of escaping from a painful situation, allowing for the non recognition of the disturbing affect (e.g. FFF, RFF, AFF). The Operational Adaptive Strategy represents an internal movement of anxiety recognition and an attempt to resolve the anxiety provoking situation by resorting to the use of action strategies. As a modality of confronting anxiety, it is similar to the coping strategies described by Haan (1977), involving purposeful reality oriented choices made by the subject, that aim for a pragmatic and efficient resolution of the situations (e.g. RRR, ARR, AAR). The Emotional Equilibration Strategy represents an internal movement of anxiety recognition, seeing that fantasy is used to equilibrate the painful experience, in a flexible and creative manner. In light of Winnicott ́s conceptualization (1971/1975), the anxiety elaboration is facilitated by the use of fantasy, in a transitional area of experience, in which the fantasy and the reality are integrated to provide a creative experience (e.g. ARF, AFR). Impossibility corresponds to an elaboration of the anxiety brought about by the situation presented in the card, that fails in its possibility to lead to an adaptive resolution (e.g. AAA, AFA). Operationalization of the anxiety elaboration strategies in each one of the cards of the "Once upon a time..." Test  504 possible response sequences were identified for each card, taking into account the nine available scenes, with a total of 3528 sequences in the seven cards of the test.  According to the general criterion for defining the four anxiety elaboration strategies, we proceed with the distribution of each one of the 3528 sequences to each one of the categories.  We created two samples of children considered distinct according to their psychological adaptation capacities: o A sample of 100 children, from 6 to 10 years of age (20 children per age level), with no identified psychological problems, that attend private and public schools in the Lisbon are


This paper studies all the published papers and thesis from 2000 to 2014 on the English translation of Huang Di Nei Jing in China.This paper is to analyze all the present literature,explore and summarize translation development of English translation of Huang Di Nei Jing,by summing up the characteristics,achievements and deficiencies of all the studies on English translation of Huang Di Nei Jing in China.This will provide academic foundation and basis for further studies.


Following is an interview given by Shao Mingli, director-general of China's State Food and Drug Administration to our reporter on what is being done to ensure food and drug safety in China. As everybody knows,food and drug safety is vital to people's lives.


Hepatectomy is an effective method for treatment of a variety of benign and malignant liver diseases. But extended liver resection could lead to a fatal liver failure, and it is still a worldwide problem. Although liver transplantation is an effective treatment, but the shortage of donor limits the development of liver transplantation. The existing bioartificial liver technology still can not completely fulfill all the functions of the liver, and the proliferation of hepatic cells after in vivo cell transplantation is limited, thus encroaching upon its therapeutic effect. But, unlike other organs, the liver has a huge potential regenerative capacity. After hepatectomy, the liver parenchymal cells and non-parenchymal cells in the remaining liver, various cytokines and growth factors in the body and hepatic stem cells are able to respond promptly. The liver volume will therefore be able to restore to its original size, and liver function may return to normality soon. Liver regeneration is roughly divided into three phases, i.e., initiation, proliferation and termination phases. Liver regeneration is complex at all the phases, and they will be affected by many factors. The mechanism of liver regeneration has not yet fully understood. Therefore, to explore the mechanism of liver cell regeneration has extremely important practical significance, and the understanding of which will establish a theoretical basis for enhancing liver regeneration in clinical practice, and for the prevention and treatment of liver failure. Liver regeneration after liver resection has become a research hotspot in recent years. This review summarizes the research progress of liver regeneration after liver resection.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2014.01.16


In this article, the BTS phenomenon in India was examined by looking closely at the music of this South Korean band. A reflexive thematic analysis was performed on five BTS music videos followed by interviews with self-identified Indian BTS fans. Three salient themes were identified in the music videos and fans' interview responses: the fusion of multiple music video genres, cultural hybridity and love as an evolutionary process. It is suggested that these identified themes are culturally shareable with Indian fans. The cultural shareability of the music of BTS has gradually created a mere-exposure effect amongst Indians, which is responsible for their growing affinity for Korean popular media.


Abstract Background The novel Coronavirus [named severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2)] was associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which required mechanical ventilation in a high percentage of critically ill patients. Recent studies have highlighted a state of hypercoagulability in patients with SARS-CoV-2, leading to an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The low proportion of PE-associated to DVT in COVID-19 patients may suggest that they have pulmonary thrombosis rather than embolism. There is no guideline recommendation on the treatment of massive PE in COVID-19 patients suffering from ARDS, without cardiogenic shock. Case summary We described a series of seven SARS-COV-2 patients diagnosed with PE, in our institution, who underwent the use of systemic thrombolysis (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) according to the standard protocol of 10 mg over 15 min, then 90 mg over 120 min. Discussion According to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) severity scale, three patients had high-risk PE and four had intermediate high-risk PE. Systemic thrombolysis was found to be associated with a reduction of the Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale in five patients, recording a reduction from 3 to 1 in 2/5 patients, and from 3 to 2 in 3/5 patients. Furthermore, 3/5 patients had an initial improvement of their alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio ranging from a 19% (Patient 3) to a 156% improvement (Patient 6). It was also associated with a decrease of the right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and the RV/left ventricular ratio 24 h later. No major bleeding events occurred after the thrombolysis, but the overall mortality after performing systemic thrombolysis was up to 3/7 patients. Conclusion Despite the low level of knowledge about the underlying pathophysiology of the COVID-19 ARDS, venous thromboembolic events, and the microvascular thrombosis, our findings suggest that in the treatment of PE with RV failure in patients with COVID-19 suffering from ARDS, without cardiogenic shock, systemic thrombolysis should be considered.


The present invention relates to a real-time moving image sequence acquisition target region, comprising the steps of: obtaining a sequence of still images do frame difference processing, the difference image sequence to obtain the frame; frames of each difference image sequence is divided into sub W × H region, and calculates the energy value of each sub-region; obtaining feature value for each sub-region according to each sub-region energy value; determining whether each sub-area moving object region; target region to obtain the global motion. The present invention is able to adapt to the complicated background, and the natural environment.


Dual-mode cellular phones, including smartphones, are recently attracting much attention from both users and telecom operators throughout many countries. To avoid traffic concentration generated by these devices on 3G networks, it is important to lead users to connect with fixed networks via WLAN. However, keeping both 3G and WLAN interfaces on consumes a great deal of power, which considerably shortens the standby time. To achieve longer battery life, we propose a power-saving standby method (PSSM) whose features are: (1) constant deactivation of the WLAN interface except for when required; (2) no additional functions in a mobile operator's network; and (3) avoidance of a WLAN AP search distant from a cellular phone. We implemented PSSM as a BREW application and measured the electrical current in a cellular phone as well as the delay in email retrieval transaction. Experimental results using the prototype system show that PSSM achieves about 73%-134% longer battery life than a conventional dual-mode cellular phone, while PSSM keeps the application transaction delay short by reducing unproductive WLAN AP searches.


Most current unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) primarily use a global positioning system (GPS) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for position estimation. However, compared to birds and insects, the abilities of current UAVs to recognize the environment are not sufficient. To achieve autonomous flight of UAVs, like birds, the UAVs should be able to process and respond to information from their surrounding environment immediately. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a direct visual servoing system for UAVs, using an onboard high-speed monocular camera. There are two advantages of this system. First, the high image sampling rates help to improve the ability to recognize the environment. Second, the issue of control latency can be effectively solved because the position control signals are transmitted to the flight controller directly. In the experiment, the UAV could recognize a target at update rates of about 350 Hz, and a target tracking task was successfully realized.


Lettuce production in winter period (November to February) on the northern Adriatic coast, especially in a cold greenhouse, requires longer cultivation and is characterised, among other things, by lower weight of the lettuce head. Application of Bio-algeen S-90 in these conditions has shown a significant positive effect on the growth and yield of winter lettuce. Traditional cultivar 'Four season' was tested, which was produced for the fresh market during winter period. The production of winter lettuce lasted for 13 weeks (December 5-March 13). Double watering at the cultivation start with 1.0% Bio- algeen S-90 increased plant height by 61.5% compared to the control treatment, and by 0.37% compared to the Megagreen application. Equally, the lettuce treated with Bio-algeen S-90 yielded a significantly higher leaf number compared to the control treatment (increase by 47.7%). The difference in leaf number between Bioalgeen and Megagreen applications was on average 7.14% and was not significantly confirmed. The head weight of lettuce in Bio-algeen S-90 treatment was by 30.28% and 25.04% higher than in the control and Megagreen treatments, respectively. Statistically proven, double foliar application of 0.3% Megagreen solution had a positive effect on the weight of lettuce head compared to the control treatment. Applied biostimulator and micronutrient did not influence the quality parameter tested in this experiment. Vitamin C content, dry matter content, pH value of lettuce juice as well as mineral content (N, P, K) between tested treatments v not significantly different.


Syifa, Ikhda Aenis. 2009. Students' Achievement in Reading Recount Text and Its Correlation to Their Writing of the Same Text (A Case study of the Eighth Grade Students of SMPN 24 Semarang in the Academic Year of 2008/2009); English Department; Faculty of Languages and Arts; Semarang State University; First Advisor: Prof. Dr. Warsono, M. A.; Second Advisor: Drs. La Ode Musyaridun.


Objective To investigate the relationship between parameters variable of the blood platelet and cirrhosis bleeding.Method rench MS-9 fully automatic blood counter was used to examine the blood platelet three parameters-41 cirrhosis bleeding patients and 47 ulcer bleeding patients.Result Comparing the normal group with the ulcer group,there were remarkable differences(P0.005) between the blood platelet count( PLT),the average blood platelet volume ( MPV ) and the blood width(PDW).Comparing the ulcer bleeding group with the normal group,there were no remarkable differences(P0.05) among PLT,MPV,PDV.Comparing the cirrhosis bleeding group with the transfusion before or after stopping bleeding,PLT had obvious differences (P0.005).MPV and PDW had no obvious differences(P0.05).While in hospital,there were remarkable differences(P0.005)in bleeding again after blood transfusion between the two groups.Conclusion Because the cirrhosis patients have less blood platelets and have the defect of blood platelet function,they tend to bleed easily,and they can not stop quickly.Transfusing fresh blood can help stop bleeding.


The rheological and morphological properties of several melt-blended compositions of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and Vectra A900 liquid crystalline polyester were investigated, using blending temperature, composition, and shear rate as variables. Rheological behavior was determined at several shear rates on an Instron capillary rheometer at 300°C, and three-dimensional surface plots of the results were prepared, detailing the effect on melt viscosity of changes in the variables. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the internal morphology of selected samples. In the preparation of melt blends containing an isotropic and anisotropic polymer, blending temperature and composition both influence the resulting morphology. These effects are accentuated during extrusion of the blends at low shear rates and diminished at high shear rates.


Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may involve any organ system. Antitumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) agents have been used for more than 15 years for the treatment of IBD, both in Crohn's disease (CD) and in ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite its favorable safety profile in children and adults, a small percentage of patients experienced adverse infectious and noninfectious complications, including lung effects. This is an Editorial comment to published manuscript 'Review of pulmonary adverse effects of infliximab therapy in Crohn's disease'.[1] Anti TNF-α is a T-helper type-1 pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the integrated host defense system against infectious diseases. This cytokine is physiologically antagonized by TNF-binding proteins, and the four anti-TNF agents currently approved in IBD are the monoclonal antibodies infliximab (IFX; Remicade), adalimumab (ADM; Humira), certolizumab pegol (CZP; Cimzia), and golimumab (GLM; Simponi). As immunomodulatory therapies, anti-TNF agents lower the ability of the immune system to ward off infections. TNF-targeted therapy has provided disease-modifying treatment and relief to patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, and other immune conditions.[2] The increasing frequency of prescriptions, and number of indications for these therapies have been accompanied by a growing number of reported side effects. The most common adverse events are injection site and infusion reactions.[3] Most reactions are acute, nonimmune, and mild–moderate and can be classified as acute and delayed, based on timing of onset. Prevalence varies widely in literature, ranging between 3% and 29%. Injection site reactions are a frequent side effect of selfinjectable anti-TNF agents, with an incidence ranging from 1% to 40%, and most occur during the induction phase.[4] Extraintestinal symptoms in IBD patients can be divided into two groups: EIM (peripheral and axial artrhopathies, erythema nodosum, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and uveitis) and extraintestinal complications (peripheral neuropathies, kidney stones, etc.), or IBD drug-related side effects.[5] The drugs that can cause extraintestinal complications in IBD more often include 5-aminosalicilate agents (5-ASA), azathioprine (AZA), methotrexate (MTX), and anti-TNF agents. Pulmonary involvement in patients with anti-TNF therapy is more frequent in CD and is often under-recognized for the presence of asymptomatic complications, such as alterations in lung function tests and/or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) abnormalities. [6] Anti-TNF-α-induced lung injury (ATILI) was defined according to the following criteria: (1) new lung lesions that developed after anti-TNF-α therapy; (2) exclusion of infection or other pulmonary disease; (3) BAL fluid negative for infections, including bacteria, mycobacteria, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and fungi; and (4) resolution of infiltrates after discontinuation of causative anti-TNF agents, with or without steroids. Lee HS et al. identified an incidence of 0.6% of ATILI among 1002 IBD patients who were treated using anti-TNF therapy.[7] Symptoms such as malaise, fever, loss of weight, persistent cough, wheezing, asthma, shortness of breath, limitations of exercise, purulent expectoration, hemoptysis, or chest pain, but also a simple alteration of lung function tests, should raise suspicion of pulmonary involvement in IBD patients, especially those treated with biologics.[8] Radiological examinations, including chest X-ray, and high-resolution computed tomography, spirometry, BAL, bronchoscopy, and biopsy can help in the diagnosis, and in distinguishing the different forms of pulmonary involvement. Infectious complications of TNF inhibition such as reactivation of latent tuberculosis (TB) or newly acquired bacterial infections should be excluded from the definition of ATILI. A retrospective study of a large US health-care organization showed that patients receiving TNFtargeted therapy have a two-fold higher risk of developing a bacterial infection than patients receiving MTX.[9] The modern classification of ATILI can include three conditions: (1) sarcoidosis, (2) interstitial lung disease, and (3) miscellaneous pulmonary complications. In 2010, Ramon-Casals et al. [10] reported 38 cases of sarcoidosis or 'sarcoid-like' ganulomatosis disease during anti-TNF-α therapy out of 1370 adult patients with systemic autoimmune diseases undergoing use of biological agents. The most frequent case reports of new-onset sarcoidosis are associated with etanercept (ETN), IFX, and ADM, and in rheumatology literature.[11] Initial symptoms can be nonspecific, and include dyspnea, nonproductive cough, erythema nodosum, parotid enlargement, and neuroocular manifestations. Radiological findings are mediastinal and hilar adenopathy, and, less frequently, upper lobe opacities. The diagnosis can be confirmed histologically by the presence of well-formed non-necrotizing granulomas. There


High‐resolution images from Chandrayaan‐1 Terrain Mapping Camera and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera reveal landslides and gully formation on the interior wall of a 7 km‐diameter simple crater emplaced in Schrödinger basin on the farside of the Moon. These features occur on the steep upper crater wall, where the slope is ~35°. The gullies show a typical alcove‐channel‐fan morphology. Some gullies incise bedrock, where impact‐related faults are present. Slope failure along the concentric faults also led to formation of landslides. Dark slope streaks are abundant at the bright gully regions, especially near the fan and channel deposits. Spectral characteristics inferred from data obtained by Hyperspectral Imager and Moon Mineralogy Mapper on board Chandrayaan‐1 show that the gullies and landslides are characterized by high optical immaturity and devoid of prominent spectral absorption features related to water or hydroxyl molecules, suggesting youthful dry‐granular flows. Mass movements on the crater wall led to the formation of arcuate ridges and ponding of fine‐grained sediments on the crater floor. Runout flows from small impact craters on the slopes indicate that impact‐induced seismic shaking was responsible for the downslope mass movements. Crater size‐frequency distributions suggest a minimum age of 18–2 Ma for the gullies and 2 Ma for the landslides, while age of the host crater ejecta was inferred to be about 175 Ma. The gullies and landslides also occur on the interior wall of other impact craters elsewhere on the Moon and probably formed by similar processes.


The invention relates to abelmoschus manilhot seed extractive. The extractive is obtained through the following steps: purified, dried and pulverized abelmoschus manilhot seeds are put into solvent for extraction, the extracting solution after extraction is subjected to decompression concentration and dried, and crude extractive is obtained; the crude extractive is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and stands still for 4-12 hours at the temperature of 0 to minus 20 DEG C, and then the crude extractive is subjected to vacuum filtration or centrifugal separation, and the extracting solution is subjected to decompression concentration again, so that the abelmoschus manilhot seed extractive is obtained. As the abelmoschus manilhot seed extractive is added to cigarettes on the premises that the original property and processing technique of cigarettes are not changed, the fine degree and mild degree of smoke are remarkably improved, the impurity odor and irritation of smoke are reduced, the aroma volume and sensory comfort are improved, and the overall smoking quality of the cigarette is improved.


Numerical optimization tools based on Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) have been developed for single-objective and multiobjective aerodynamic turbomachinery design optimizations. The present method uses real-coded adaptive range genetic algorithm for single-objective optimization. A standard multiobjective evolutionary algorithm is used for multiobjective optimizations. First, single-objective aerodynamic design optimization of a compressor rotor using a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code is demonstrated. The optimized design successfully reduced entropy production by more than 19% while satisfying constraints on the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio. This study also showed that parallelization efficiency of EA is almost 100% for three-dimensional Navier-Stokes optimizations. Next, multiobjective preliminary design optimization of a cryogenic rocket engine turbopump is presented. The present method successfully captured reasonable Pareto-optimal solutions that include designs outperforming the baseline design in all objectives. Finally, multiobjective aerodynamic design optimization of a mu1ti-stage compressor using a through-flow code is demonstrated. The present method successfully found numerous designs better than the baseline design in all objectives These results show that the present method offers a promising approach to turbomachinery and propulsion system designer to design a better machine, while shortening design cycle and reducing design costs.


MICHAEL R. McENROE Wetland characteristics, adjacent upland conditions, and corre sponding waterfowl populations were surveyed on 500 quarter sections in 125 clusters proportionally stratified within eigt1t physiographic strata in South Dakota. Two surveys were conducted, one in May and a second in June, each year during 1973 and 1974, Habitat variables of each wetland and of each quarter section, respectively, were analyzed for each species of waterfowl through multiple regress ior. ana 1 ysis. ;'1ul tipl� regression eouations had highest coefficients of determination for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), pintails (Anas acuta), blue-winged teal (Anas discors), and gadwall (Anas strepera). Coefficients of determination for these species were greatest in the central Coteau des Prairies, the James River Valley, and the Coteau du Missouri, Hectares of surface water and hectares of open water per pond wer.e most closely associated with nul!lbers of breeding waterfowl per pond. Shoreline distance, height of emergent vegetation, and hectares of game management cover were usually positive in association with numbers of breeding waterfowl per pond. Hectares of class IV wetlands per quarter section exhibited the most positive associations with numbers of waterfowl in the Coteau des Prairies and the James River VcJlley. Hectares of class II and class III wetlands were positively associated with breeding waterfowl numbers per quarter section in the James River Valley, Shoreline distance and hectares of class III wetlands per quarter section exhibited greater positive associations with numbers of breeding waterfowl in the Coteau du Missouri than in other strata.


Contrary to the romantic images of Hawai'i as an exotic American paradise, peddled globally by a multibilliondollar tourism industry, heated po liti cal battles among groups armed with oppositional histories occur frequently in Hawai'i. On the morning of August 19, 2006, for instance, State Representative Barbara Marumoto, dressed as the Statue of Liberty, and State Senator Sam Slom, waving a large American flag, led a group of around fifty people to 'Iolani Palace to celebrate Admission Day. This group's statesponsored commemoration, however, was blocked by Kanaka 'Ōiwi grassroots activists, also estimated at around fifty, who had previously asked Marumoto and Slom to hold their cele bration next door at the state capitol. This group stated that 'Iolani Palace is sacred ground and the site of the U.S. overthrow of the Hawaiian nation. It is also where Queen Lili'uokalani was wrongfully imprisoned.1 The two groups clashed when the group celebrating statehood continued with their program and


The NASA technology utilization program is described. The transfer of that technology is described along with the publications which distribute the technological information.


Disclosed are an input device and a display device. The input device for inputting a command with a gesture includes a detection unit which detects the location and motion of the input device; a control unit which converts the detected motion to a physical quantity, generates a movement command if the physical quantity is less than a predefined threshold value, and generates a pre-set control command if the physical quantity is greater than the predefined threshold value; and a communications unit which transmits the generated command to the display device. Accordingly, a user can move a cursor on a screen of the display device and select a UI object only with the movement of the input device.


ABSTRACT We report the 4.1-Mb draft genome sequence of Morganella morganii SC01, a gammaproteobacterium, isolated from an Indian human fecal sample.


In order to process signal in depth and to extract the fault feature from original signal in machinery diagnosis,the graphical display algorithm that can keep the data length of wavelet transform results the same as that of original signal is used.The fault diagnosis of a bend axial piston pump via B spline wavelet that has linear phase is provided.The results of study demonstrate that the new method has excellent feature and the weak fault signal can be extracted from the strong vibration background of the pump.


the theme Solid Waste has been discussed extensively, there are still gaps in the literature that need to be studied and completed, one of them refers to the alternatives of destination of waste cooking oil. In 'common sense', it is ecologically correct to store the oil in a bottle and deliver it for processing into biodiesel rather than discard it in sanitary sewers. But is this the most sustainable destination? Would not the process for transformation into new products have any negative impact on the environment that disrupts it? Based on these questions, the objective of this research is to study and understand the destination of the waste cooking oil is more sustainable considering three flows: (1) discard it in sewage to the landfill, (2) discard it in sewage with direct destination to the rivers or (3) turn it into a new product. The proposed objective was reached based on a nine-step procedure applied in the municipality of Volta Redonda, state of Rio de Janeiro. As a result, the current Scenario, with the largest amount of waste disposal in affluent, has shown the best performance in six sustainability measures. However, the sensitivity analysis shows that, according to the attribution of weights, the Ideal Scenario, with the largest amount of destination for the biodiesel plant, can present the best performance.


Various applied problems in the areas of manual control and biosystems analysis involve the desire to noninvasively monitor cognitive processes during task performance. This thesis addresses the general problem that the usual methods and assumptions of biosystems analysis may not strictly apply where psychological functioning exhibits a controlling influence on behavior. An experimental situation is proposed as such a case, in which the percept of duration seems to have controlling influence on the timing of a fingertap. The major themes in theories of motor behavior are surveyed and their reference to higher processes examined. A useful taxonomy of mental processes is outlined to clarify the nature of the processes involved. The notion of representation is basic to the characterization of mental processes. Prevalent views on the relationship of representation and behavior are assessed, leading to a formalization of representation in which a probability measure on the representational structure can be understood as a model of belief or subjective expectation. The model of representation is constructive and satisfies the taxonomy of mental representation. An information measure and channel analogy of central processes is formed using the probability measure. The channel analogy leads to a definition of representational event. The representational event is used to formalize the idea of a subjectively constant clocktime interval from which first-order predictions of central process effects on periodic behaviors of subjectively constant rate derive. A fingertapping experiment was undertaken to verify these predictions. Two levels of cognitive influences on finger tapping were discernible. The conformance of the data to the predictions suggests that the developments of this thesis could be useful to biosystems and human factors analyses of cognitive level phenomena underlying behavior.


In this paper, digital image wave filter is realized according to Mathematical Morphology by C + + Builder language programming. Disposing and analyzing an image of reinforcing steel bars, computing the numbers of the bars by applying the filter prove satisfactory and practical.


DC Superconducting quantum interference device(DC SQUID) has extensive application in the measurement of weak magnetic field,especially in nondestructive evaluation.The method has more higher sensitivity,wider bandwidth and higher space resolution comparing with traditional electromagnetic detection.The principle and application of DC SQUID measurment system are introduced.


In this paper, the authors examine digital environments as a learning spaces and site of extended cognition by demonstrating the presence of active learning in both video games and their linked online collaborative communities. The authors use Shaun Gallagher's theory of extended mind to posit the notion that the shared cognitive space created in the game between creator and player can be extend to include many others through the digital communities of those players though gaming literacy. The authors conducted a think-aloud protocol with participants playing Yume Nikki, a minimalist Japanese indie game, then reading materials on hikikomori, a condition the creator is believed to have. They conclude from their results that active and creative learning of human communities should not be undervalued when designing virtual environments even when the environment is single-player.


To increase the security of messages sent over the internet steganography is used. This paper discussed a technique used on the LSB (least significant bit) and a new encryption algorithm. By matching data to an image, there is less chance of an attacker being able to use steg analysis to recover data. Before hiding the data in an image the application first encrypts it.


Background: Age at diagnosis has been shown to be an important prognostic factor of outcome for breast cancer (BCA). The specific aim of this study was to determine the overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) in young patients ( 69 (138,580, 28.8%) years old. A graph of OS and tables for OS and CSS from Kaplan-Meier analysis of the entire cohort (all stages) is shown below:Both OS and CSS of each stage group shared the same trends as in the analysis of the entire cohort.Conclusion: The OS of the 69 year age groups, but worse than the 409s and 509s age groups. The CSS of the youngest age group was significantly worse than all age groups except the >69 age group. Further studies to determine contributing variables for these observatios is warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2048.


This study to identify the use of Interactive Media Technology in Teaching and Learning English in preschool. The objective of using Interactive Media Technology to enhance children's understanding of English language among preschool children. This is an experimental study that involved children's activities in learning English language through two different methods of teaching and different group, conventional method and using Interactive Media Technology . A total of 40 preschool children divided into Treatment Group (20 children) and Control Group (20 children) in private preschool in Hulu Selangor, Selangor. The results showed the scores for the Treatment Group was higher than the Control Group. The results presented that the use of Interactive Media Technology in Teaching and Learning to enhance understanding of English language for children. The use of Interactive Media gave learning experiences that captivated them till the end of learning. Children are very interested in using Interactive Media Technology. This method is very suitable to use in preschool classes for all the topics especially learning English language.


This paper presents a method to determine diameter of mixing chamber in the ejector of a vapor compression/ejection hybrid refrigeration system(VCEHRS),and discusses its performances that vary with the working condition.The results show that an optimum diameter exists,corresponding to the maximum COP of VCEHRS.The performance deviates from the designing target when the working condition varies.The variation of refrigeration capacity of VCEHRS is smaller than that of traditional refrigeration systems.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on several performances of the Guatemalan artist Regina José Galindo, having at its core a discussion concerning the political and artistic capacities of the body. Galindo's body is considered in relation to internationally debated issues regarding mechanisms of domination: the illegal border crossing between Mexico and the United States, violence against women, postcolonial hostility and military techniques of control.


For students to succeed in a global economy, they must develop the knowledge and skills to prepare them for 21-century demands. Because there is agreement among educators, parents, and the business community that change is needed in the nation's schools (Kozma & Schank, 1998; Tirozzi, 2005), various instructional methods should be investigated to determine effectiveness toward helping students develop the knowledge and skill necessary for success in the workplace. One method that has been implemented in efforts to prepare students for success in some schools and in the New Tech High school at the focus of this study is technology-enhanced, project-based learning. Under this approach, students use technology and other 21-century skills to develop products to show learning. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges to implementing such a program and the methods used to address those challenges and to determine the impact of technology-enhanced, project-based learning on academic achievement. Participants included students in Grades 9 and 10, teachers, staff members, and the school administrator. Qualitative data from interviews, observations, and program documentation revealed that a lack of resources and curriculum posed the greatest challenges for stakeholders. Chi-square analyses revealed significant differences in the frequencies of total challenges, limited resources, and curriculum challenges between stakeholder groups. While steps including seeking grants and business partnerships were planned to address some challenges, there were other challenges like curriculum that could not be changed in the near future. Participants perceived technology-enhanced, project-based learning as having increased students' technology, research, collaboration, and writing skills. However, an analysis of standardized test data showed that students did not perform better than their counterparts at the district or state levels in the core content areas. The findings of this study add to the research on technology-enhanced, project-based learning and have implications for educators and other stakeholders considering the implementation of technology-enhanced, project-based learning.


In years past, the face of the global burden of disease was a rural child suffering undernutrition and infections in a low-income country. The case for donor intervention—both bilateral and philanthropic—was morally, technically and economically clear. Today, however, it is more commonly an urban adult suffering multiple chronic diseases in a middle-income country. How could donors provide universal health coverage (UHC) or meet such an expansive need for healthcare services? Would they invest in adults who have already had a shot at life and whose lifestyle choices are supposedly to blame? What role could they have in a country with resources? These questions need answers.

In 2013, the Lancet Commission on Investing in Health (CIH) grouped the global health agenda into three categories: the unfinished agenda to reduce disparities in key infectious diseases and reproductive, maternal and child health; the emerging agenda to curb non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries; and the cost agenda to provide universal coverage to high-quality healthcare (figure 1).1 Since that time, pandemic preparedness has yet again emerged as an additional priority. The donor response to these challenges primarily exists on two levels: global functions, which transcend national sovereignty to provide globally dispersible benefits, and country-specific functions, which are targeted interventions that improve the health of any individual country (figure 1).2 3 Overwhelmingly, donors have focused their efforts on country-specific functions for the unfinished agenda, or as of late, on global functions for infectious diseases. Left unreconciled is the pressing need to address the global NCD crisis with strong health systems that equitably cover everyone.

Figure 1
Global functions will remain important in global health, while country-specific functions will decrease as countries transition. Both will continue to support the major global health priorities. Adapted from Jamison et al .3

That burden is enormous. NCDs …


Aristida species are among the notorious grasses which appear at the last stage of deterioration of grassland flora. Their fruits bearing sharp callus and irritating owns are troublesome to grazing animals. Their elimination is also necessary for increasing the quality and productivity of grasslands. Ansar 529, an arsenical selective herbicide has been found to be very efficient than Phytar 560. 72 percent of the weed population could be killed by spraying it at the rate of 1.0 kg active ingredient in 500 litres of water per hectare. Compared with untreated plants the herbicidal dose tended to reduce the plant moisture content to the extent of 45 percent within eight days of spray.


The fungicides benomyl, chlorothalonil, thiabendazole, and fentin hydroxide were applied alone and in combination with methyl parathion or methomyl to soybeans. Larval population levels of Plathypena scabra (F.), Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner), and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) were monitored as well as selected arthropod predators and the incidence of the fungal entomopathogens Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson and Entomophthora gammae (Weiser).

Application of fungicides at the recommended rates failed to suppress an epizootic of E. gammae in P. includens populations. The incidence of N. rileyi was suppressed in a low density population of A. gemmatalis . When larval density increased, no difference was detected in the incidence of N. rileyi infection in treated and untreated plots. Differences in predator population levels were not observed in a 1976 P. includens test but generally lower predator populations were noted in the 1977 P. includens-A. gemmatalis test in fungicide and/or insecticide treated plots.

Fentin hydroxide alone and treatments which included methyl parathion or methomyl reduced larval populations of P. scabra and A. gemmatalis . Only treatments containing methomyl reduced larval populations of P. includens. Pseudoplusia includens population resurgence was detected following treatments with benomyl and methyl parathion, chlorothalonil + methyl parathion and fentin hydroxide + methyl parathion. Anticarsia gemmatalis population resurgence followed treatment with fentin hydroxide + methomyl.


Asphalt cores were sampled from four sites along a major route in Tanzania, where asphalt surfacing was constructed approximately one year ago. The bituminous binder was recovered from cores taken from the wheel path as well as from cores taken from the shoulder, in order to assess whether the action of vehicular trafficking had any effect on the rheological properties of the recovered binders. A range of rheological tests were conducted on the recovered binder, including empirical tests such as penetration and softening point, as well as more fundamental tests such as the G*/sinδ and the multi-stress creep recovery test.


Abstract Linear solvation energy relationships based on application of the Kamlet–Taft model were used to predict the interfacial tension and surface excess isotherms, the surface excess at saturation, and the free energy of adsorption for the model hydroxyoximes of various hydrophobicity in systems containing octane, toluene, and their mixtures as model diluents. The obtained relationships are accurate enough for such estimation and, except for the equation for the free energy of adsorption, they do not depend on hydroxyoxime hydrophobicity.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is one of the oldest diseases of the human race. This bacteria can attack any organ in the human body. Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) infection diagnosis are rarely straightforward, and in many cases, delayed due to various reasons. Tuberculous tenosynovitis (inflammation of the tendon and its capsule because of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection) is a rare form of EPTB. Tuberculosis infection at sites of previous trauma have been reported consistently though rarely. We present the case of a 48 years old male with complains of lumps on his lower left arm (with prior history of blunt trauma on the location) and progressive inability to flex the fingers of his left hand. Early examinations suggest the diagnosis to be a soft tissue tumour. However, tissue biopsy later showed that the patient was actually suffering from tuberculosis infection. The patient later showed satisfying response to tuberculosis medication on subsequent follow ups.


In 1989, the American Accounting Association (AAA) and the then big-8 accounting firms formed the Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC). In general, universities were under pressure to alter their educational approaches to meet the demands of market. However, literature indicates that little research has been done on accounting curriculum development. This paper aims to discuss accounting education proposed by AECC from the curriculum perspective. First, this paper presents a brief account of accounting education reform initiated by AECC. Second, it constructs a theoretical framework pertaining to curriculum that is used to analyze the eight initiatives of AECC accounting reform. Then, it goes into an in-depth analysis for the accounting reform from the curriculum orientation perspective. Finally, this paper presents a brief conclusion for the way forward on accounting reform. In brief, this paper offers three observations: (a) It is worthwhile to view the accounting reform from the curriculum perspective, (b) the eight initiatives reflect three of the five curriculum orientations, namely academic rationalist, cognitive process and social and economic efficiency, in different degrees, and (c) with very few exceptions, scholars are of the view that all positions adopted of the eight initiatives are highly supportable. Viewing from curriculum perspectives, the initiatives show academic rationalist, cognitive process and social and economic efficiency orientations.


Tetra- and pentanuclear lanthanide clusters having dibenzoylmethanido and o-nitrophenolato as ligands in the coordination sphere were prepared. Treating [LnCl3·6H2O] (Ln = Er, Tm) with dibenzoylmethane and o-nitrophenol in the presence of triethylamine yielded the pentanuclear lanthanide clusters HNEt3+[Ln5(μ3-OH)4(μ4-OH)(Ph2acac)7(o-O2NC6H4O)3Cl]– (Ln = Er, Tm). Under the same reaction conditions but using Yb and Lu as center metals, tetranuclear lanthanide clusters [Ln4(μ3-OH)2(Ph2acac)8(o-O2NC6H4O)2] (Ln = Yb, Lu) were obtained. The structures of all new compounds were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The anions of the pentanuclear lanthanide cores are square pyramidal. Each triangular face of the square pyramid is capped by one μ3-O moiety. In the square base, four lanthanide atoms are linked by one μ4-O atom. The formation of the hydroxido bridges can be explained by deprotonation of the coordinated water molecules.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)


How have national energy efficiency policy portfolios evolved since the first round of NEEAPs back in 2007? What needs to be improved and which policy gaps need to be closed? And which good practices are out there for other Member States to learn from? These are the leading questions for the analysis of all 27 NEEAPs to be done in the project "Energy Efficiency Watch", which seeks to facilitate a successful implementation of the Energy Services Directive (ESD). For making the policy efforts comparable between Member States, we have developed a template for standardised data collection and a methodology for rating a country's policy performance both against the background of the NEEAP requirements and against some essential policy design and planning recommendations developed earlier in the project. The standardised information gathered via the screening template is then used for a condensed, illustrative presentation of each country's performance in terms of ESD implementation, thus facilitating cross-country analysis. The topics covered and criteria used in the screening range from an analysis of overarching governance frameworks and a per-sector review of comprehensive policy packages to an assessment of the methods used for calculating energy savings. The paper will present both the methodology of the NEEAP screening and preliminary results, and it will conclude on what lessons can be learned from the cross-country analysis.


Three new dithiolene ligands have been synthesised, two of which have the novel feature of a crown ether ring attached directly to the benzene ring of an aryl dithiolene. Complexes with transition metals have been prepared and their 1H, 13C NMR, UV/VIS and electrochemical properties recorded. The information obtained appears to reflect variations in the degree of delocalisation in the metallodithiolene ring within the series of complex types.


The human uterus develops from the distal Mullerian Duct, a derivative of the mesoderm germ layer. Unlike other mammalian species (eg. mouse) the endometrium of the human uterus develops prenatally during gestation. Little is known about the developmental process involved. A better understanding of human endometrial development may shed light on the mechanisms involved in endometrial regeneration and pathogenesis of adult proliferative endometrial diseases. Mouse neonatal uterine mesenchyme (mNUM) is inductive and can maintain the phenotype of normal adult human endometrial epithelial cells [1]. Both adult human endometrial stroma and neonatal mouse endometrial mesenchyme secrete growth factors of the TGF-beta family including BMPs which have been shown to play an important role in differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (HESC) [2, 3]. Hypothesis: mNUM will direct differentiation of HESC to form Mullerian Duct-like epithelium. Aim: to investigate the role of mNUM in differentiating HESC in vitro and in vivo using A tissue recombination technique. Method: Embryoid bodies (EB) were formed from GFP labelled HESC (ENVY) and GFP-MIXL1 HESC reporter line [4, 5] and recombined with 2 × 0.5 mm pieces of day 1 epithelial cell-free mNUM. Recombinant tissues were either harvested for gene expression analysis or grafted under the kidney capsule of NOD/SCID mice. Results: We found by qRT-PCR that mNUM induces HESC to form mesendoderm/mesoderm progenitors in vitro, obligate intermediates of the developing Mullerian Duct. After further incubation in vivo under the guidance of mNUM, HESC differentiated to form duct-like structures comprising mesoepithelial cells that co-expressed several key developmental proteins of the Mullerian Duct including Emx2, Pax2, Hoxa10, CA125, and also intermediate filament markers such as CK8/18, Vimentin (n = 8). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated for the first time that mNUM can direct HESC to form a mesodermally derived epithelium that is Mullerian Duct-like, providing a novel model for studying human uterine development. (1) Kurita T, et al., The activation function-1 domain of estrogen receptor alpha in uterine stromal cells is required for mouse but not human uterine epithelial response to estrogen. Differentiation, 2005. 73(6): 313–22. (2) Hu J, Gray CA, Spencer TE, Gene expression profiling of neonatal mouse uterine development. Biol Reprod, 2004. 70(6): 1870–6. (3) Stoikos CJ, et al., A distinct cohort of the TGFbeta superfamily members expressed in human endometrium regulate decidualization. Hum Reprod, 2008. 23(6): 1447–56. (4) Davis R, et al., Targeting a GFP reporter gene to the MIXL1 locus of human embryonic stem cells identifies human primitive streak-like cells and enables isolation of primitive hematopoietic precursors. Blood, 2008. 111(4): 1876–84. (5) Costa M, et al., The hESC line Envy expresses high levels of GFP in all differentiated progeny. Nat Methods, 2005. 2(4): 259–60.


Do you, Sir, remember the lowly scribe you readily dismissed with a good measure of scorn and loathing ? Well, I am still here, Sir, and I hold no grudges. But I could gloat, rightfully so,…


Feng You-lan carried forward the traditional Confucianism which thought that public interest means justice,personal interest means interest,and justice is more important than interest.What is even more important is that he developed the outlook on justice and interest of traditional Confucianism.He thought justice is opposite to interest on one hand, anal they are unified on the other hand.Personal benefits,and personal material benefits are reasonable in a certain degree.The outlook on justice and interest of Feng You-lan could be named the outlook on which justice and interest are unified,and on which justice is superior to interest.This outlook on justice and interest is of important theoretical value and immediate significance.


The notion of fairness is a very general concept and can be used to coin terms in many different application areas. Recently the term fairness has appeared in the context of electronic commerce. Here, the term fair exchange refers to the problem that two parties want to swap some distinct items in a way which ensures that no participant can gain advantage over the other. Many protocols for fair exchange have been proposed but comparing or formally verifying them has remained rather difficult. The reason for this is that the notion of fairness they use is often different, and exact (i.e., formal) fairness definitions do not exist. We make a first attempt to approach a formal definition of fairness in electronic commerce. We do this by reviewing the established terminology regarding the notion of fairness in concurrency theory and adapting the formal apparatus to derive three precisely separable definitions of fairness in electronic commerce which we call strong, eventually strong and weak fairness.


Class management is the basic organization form of university students.A good class will encourage students to continue to forge ahead,encourage the active and healthy growth of students,and lay a solid foundation for the successful employment of students in the future.This paper will integrate the class construction and the guidance of career planning organically,construct class construction mode with the guidance of career planning,and discusses the specific content of the mode in detail from four stages.The paper provides reference for the efficient management class and construction of advanced class.


This work aims to study the springback behaviour of electrogalvanised (EG) steel sheets during the air bending process. Experiments have been conducted to analyse the influence of various parameters such as coating thickness, orientation of the sheet, punch radius, die radius, die opening, punch velocity, and punch travel on springback behaviour. It is established that the springback increases with increasing coating thickness, punch radius, punch travel, die radius, die opening, and punch velocity. The 90° orientation exhibits higher springback than 0° orientation.


Technology in carbon dioxide gas capture by synthetic zeolite material have been a breakthrough during last decades. However, many fundamental challenges in synthesis zeolite material and usually involves expensive reagents. Therefore, this work focuses in overcoming the present limitation in developing new synthesis concept for the synthesis and functionalization of zeolite T from metakaolin for carbon dioxide (C02) adsorption. The metakaolin (Si-Al source) was a commercialized kaolin powder that undergone temperature treatment at 750 °C for four hours, followed by the preparation of zeolite mixture. Zeolite T was synthesized hydrothermally by following the molar ratio of chemical components Si02: AI203: Na2O: K20: H20 (1: 0.04: 0.26: 0.09: 14), whereas the several reaction parameters, i. e synthesis temperature, reaction time, types of structure directing agents, SDA (TMOAH, TEAOH, and TBAOH) were studied. Furthermore, the pore properties and adsorption-desorbtion of zeolite T (correspond to different SDA) toward CO2 were investigated. Zeolite T was prepared using TMAOH and XRD pattern obtained under different TMAOH ratio (0.05 0.25) shows a pure crystals of rice-like zeolite T and crystallized in nano-sizes at the highest ratio of 0.25. Meanwhile, the behavior of zeolite T crystals in TEAOH resulting a co-exist system between species of zeolite T and L under range ratios of 0.05,0.10,0.15, and 0.20, while the species of zeolite W was obtained at the highest TEAOH ratio (0.25). System with TBAOH as SDA have led the formation of acicular crystals with negative growth of zeolite T and unstable form of zeolite L crystals at ratio 0.10 and forming poor crystallization system at remaining ratios (0.05,0.15,0.20, and 0.25). The pure form of zeolite T prepared at lowest ratio of 0.05 TMAOH, possessed surface area and pore size of 357.9 m2/g and 24.96 A respectively, shows an excellent adsorption-desorption by able to adsorbed 4893 pmol/g of CO2 and fully desorbed at temperature 907 °C.


The racial wealth gap is the largest of the economic disparities between Black and white Americans, with a white-to-Black per capita wealth ratio of 6 to 1. It is also among the most persistent. In this paper, we construct the first continuous series on white-to-Black per capita wealth ratios from 1860 to 2020, drawing on historical census data, early state tax records, and historical waves of the Survey of Consumer Finances, among other sources. Incorporating these data into a parsimonious model of wealth accumulation for each racial group, we document the role played by initial conditions, income growth, savings behavior, and capital returns in the evolution of the gap. Given vastly different starting conditions under slavery, racial wealth convergence would remain a distant scenario, even if wealth-accumulating conditions had been equal across the two groups since Emancipation. Relative to this equal-conditions benchmark, we find that observed convergence has followed an even slower path over the last 150 years, with convergence stalling after 1950. Since the 1980s, the wealth gap has widened again as capital gains have predominantly benefited white households, and income convergence has stopped. An online appendix is aailable at http://www.nber.org/data-appendix/w30101 Ellora Derenoncourt Princeton University Industrial Relations Section Louis A. Simpson International Building Princeton, NJ 08544 and NBER email@example.com Chi Hyun Kim University of Bonn Department of Economics Adenauerallee 24-42 53113 Bonn Germany email@example.com Moritz Kuhn University of Bonn Department of Economics Adenauerallee 24-42 53113 Bonn Germany firstname.lastname@example.com Moritz Schularick University of Bonn Department of Economics Adenauerallee 24-42 53113 Bonn Germany and CEPR firstname.lastname@example.com "Thus, the efforts to provide the freedman with land and tools ended, and by 1870 he was left to shift for himself amid new and dangerous social surroundings. No such curious and reckless experiment in emancipation has been made in modern times." W.E.B. Du Bois (1901), The Negro Landholder of Georgia.


Abstract In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model is applied for studying railway vibrations. The numerical model is based on finite element method formulated in the time domain with an implicit scheme of integration. In the first part of the paper the numerical approach is briefly described. An uncoupled scheme is applied: (i) firstly the train loads are calculated taking into account dynamic excitation with a 2D vehicle-track model; (ii) the computed loads on each sleeper are introduced into a 3D numerical model, developed in the commercial code Plaxis, which is used to simulate the wave propagation in the ground. In the second part of the paper a real case study, located in Portugal, is presented, being used for the experimental validation of the proposed model. The numerical results of ground vibrations show an acceptable agreement with real measurements. Therefore, the proposed approach can be used as a reliable prediction tool based on PLAXIS software, which allows simulating railway vibrations in some specific cases such as soft soils, inhomogeneous geometries in the longitudinal direction of the track and transition zones.


The electrical characteristics and stability of dual‐gate
amorphous InZnO thin film transistors (a‐IZO TFTs) with top
gate insulators (TGIs) deposited under different conditions
were investigated. It is found that the TFT with 150°C SiO2 as
TGI has higher mobility, while TFT with 300°C SiO2 as TGI
has lower off‐state leakage current and better stability under
bias stress. Experimental results show that the TFT with
stacked TGI deposited at 150°C first and then 300°C can
combine the merit of the 150°C SiO2 and 300°C SiO2,
achieving high saturation mobility (23.9 cm2/V·s), low off‐state
leakage current (10‐14 ~10‐12 A) and also good stability under
negative bias stress (NBS) and positive bias stress (PBS) of
3600 s @30 V, with only negative drift of 0.02 V and 0.15 V,
respectively. Moreover, it also performs well under negative
bias temperature illumination stress (NBTIS) and positive bias
temperature illumination stress (PBTIS).


We present an approach for personalized search in an e-learning platform, that takes advantage of semantic Web standards (RDF and OWL) to represent the content and the user profiles. Personalizing the finding of needed information in an e-learning environment based on context requires intelligent methods for representing and matching the learning needs and the variety of learning contexts. Our framework consists of the following phases: (1) building the semantic e-learning domain using the known college and course information as concepts and sub-concepts in a lecture ontology, (2) generating the semantic learner's profile as an ontology from navigation logs that record which lectures have been accessed, (3) clustering the documents to discover more refined sub-concepts (top terms in each cluster) than provided by the available college and course taxonomy, (4) re-ranking the learner's search results based on the matching concepts in the learning content and the user profile, and (5) providing the learner with semantic recommendations during the search process, in the form of terms from the closest matching clusters of their profile. One important aspect of our approach is the combination of an authoritatively supplied taxonomy by the colleges, with the data driven extraction (via clustering) of a taxonomy from the documents themselves, thus making it easier to adapt to different learning platforms, and making it easier to evolve with the document/lecture collection. Our experimental results show that the learner's context can be effectively used for improving the precision and recall in e-learning search, particularly by re-ranking the search results based on the learner's past activities.


The influence of polarization variation of a pump beam on the performance of a "bridge" mutually pumped phase conjugator has been investigated. The reflectivity, transmission, and response time were measured for different polarizations and different intensity rations of input beams. From these measured results, the variation behaviors of parameters of four-wave mixing interactions in the crystal are revealed.


In this paper, we adapt the robust reversible watermarking modulation originally proposed by Vleeschouwer for images to the protection of relational databases. The resulting scheme modulates the relative angular position of the circular histogram center of mass of one numerical attribute for message embedding. It can be used for verifying database authentication as well as for traceability when identifying database origin after it has been modified. Beyond the application framework, we theoretically evaluate the performance of our scheme in terms of capacity, distortion, and robustness against two common database modifications: 1) addition and 2) removal of tuples. To that end, we model the impact of the embedding process and of database modifications on the probability distribution of the center of mass position. We further verify experimentally these theoretical limits within the framework of a medical database of more than one million of inpatient hospital stay records. We show that under the assumptions imposed by the central limit theorem, experimental results fit the theory. We also compare our approach with two recent and efficient schemes so as to prove its benefits.


The importance of software products and their quality attributes attainment has been a thing of concern in recent time to both academia and industry experts. This research work evaluated an enhanced performance analysis of software using architectural feedback. Data collected were, classified and analysed using SPSS reveal that the Relative Importance Index (RII) in relations to an enhance performance analysis of software using the architectural feedback was 0.83 which led to the proposal of a framework for an enhanced performance analysis of software using architectural feedback. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i10.3 Copyright: Copyright © 2021 Salla et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCL), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dates: Received: 22 August 2021; Revised: 17 September 2021; Accepted: 06 October 2021


Different base temperatures gave surprisingly similar results. The most appropriate threshold temperatures was found to be +7 ̊C for both the budburst and flowering of silver birch, +3C for the budburst of bird cherry and +5C for flowering of bird cherry. Giving the most appropriate estimated base temperatures, it is found that the budburst of the Betula pendula takes place when 70 degree-days after the winter calm is accumulated and the flowering takes place when 85 degree days are accumulated. The respective degree day values for the Padus racemosa are 117 and 164. The conclusions should be considered as indicative because the exact locations of the phenological observations originating from the network of the volunteers are not known exactly.


Highly sensitive InGaAs/InP photo-FETs are developed using conventional optical lithography and selective wet etching techniques. The photo-FETs consist of shallow InGaAs photo-diodes and charge detection FETs vertically stacked in the same epitaxial layer. As a result, they have a built-in matrix-switching function for the column selection of two-dimensional arrays in addition to high photosensitivity in the visible to near-infrared regions.


Gallagher's ergodic theorem is a result in metric number theory. It states that the approximation of real numbers by rational numbers obeys a striking 'all or nothing' behaviour. We discuss a formalisation of this result in the Lean theorem prover. As well as being notable in its own right, the result is a key preliminary, required for Koukoulopoulos and Maynard's stunning recent proof of the Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture.


Abstract A review of recent achievements in the application of the theory of vibronic coupling to stereochemical problems of transition metal compounds is given. After the formulation of the concept of vibronic interactions relevant to stereochemistry, its general validity is discussed, and it is shown that in the crystal state long-range forces alone cannot produce distortions of high-symmetry lattice configurations. The latter may become unstable due to the vibronic coupling which is of local origin. For ferroelectric distortions in perovskite-type crystals this result is confirmed by quite a number of different experimental data; it casts heavy doubts on the very existence of displacive phase transitions. Among other stereochemical problems solved by means of the vibronic approach, the following are briefly considered: local distortions produced by d electrons using the CuCl5 3- vs ZnCl5 3- polyhedra in similar crystals; crystal implications in the effects of plasticity, distortion isomers, and tempera...


Divisorial stability of a polarised variety is a stronger - but conjecturally equivalent - variant of uniform K-stability introduced by Boucksom-Jonsson. Whereas uniform K-stability is defined in terms of test configurations, divisorial stability is defined in terms of convex combinations of divisorial valuations on the variety. We consider the behaviour of divisorial stability under finite group actions, and prove that equivariant divisorial stability of a polarised variety is equivalent to log divisorial stability of its quotient. We use this and an interpolation technique to give a general construction of equivariantly divisorially stable polarised varieties.


In central Europe, some boreal and arctic organisms can survive in low-altitude freezing talus slopes disjunct from their normal ranges far to the north. The external air temperature and the interior temperature of the talus were measured for five years at three low-elevation talus slopes in North Bohemia (Czech Republic). The year-round interplay between both temperature regimes was affected both by below-average as well as above-average climatic variations during winters 2005–2006 and 2006–2007, respectively. The total of air-freezing degree-days per year was confirmed to be the best and sufficient predictor for all considered thermal characteristics in the lower part of the talus slopes. Persistency of cold talus thermal behavior supports Nekola's concept of paleorefugia inhabited by cold-adapted species of boreal origin. Our results suggest that the talus microclimate can be sufficiently resistant to an increase of mean annual atmospheric temperature by 3 °C, retaining a sufficient number of freezing days during the winter season.


The present study aimed at comparing the working memory of Greek monolingual students to bilingual ones from migrant backgrounds who all attend primary school. Secondly, an effort was made to investigate the correlation of the working memory with the academic performance in both groups. Moreover, the correlation of the vocabulary strategies, employed by monolingual and bilingual students in an integrated memory-based text framework (Rachanioti, Griva & Alevriadou, 2017), with their working memory was explored. The sample consisted of 20 monolingual and 20 bilingual students of Albanian origin, who attended the 5 th and 6 th grade of three primary schools in Eastern Thessaloniki, Greece. The monolingual and bilingual students were matched according to their mark reports on academic performance. The Automated Working Memory Assessment (Alloway, 2007) was used to assess the students' working memory. The data revealed that monolingual and bilingual students did not differ either in the verbal working memory or the visuospatial working memory performance. A statistically significant positive correlation between working memory and academic performance was found in both monolingual and bilingual students. The correlation of the Process strategies with the verbal working memory was statistically significant in monolingual students, as well as in the bilingual ones. The Memory strategies were positively correlated with the verbal and visuospatial working memory in both groups. The Confirmation / consolidation strategies were positively correlated with the verbal working memory only in the bilingual students. Results are discussed in terms of memory strategy instruction that may compensate for a poor working memory of both monolingual and bilingual students in a classroom's setting, thus aiding to improve their academic performance. This study is the first trial of the AWMA in Greek students as well as bilingual immigrant ones. Article visualizations:


The sense of language is a complicated,multi-level psychological language phenomenon.Being a college English teacher for many years,the author deeply understands the important role the sense of language plays in English learning,hence puts forward the idea that college English teachers should give priority to the cultivation of sense of language in English teaching.Combing the real situation of English teaching and college students,the author discusses how to foster students' sense of language in two aspects including listening and reading.


The purpose of this study was to look on change of sports function of central administration department and sports function of local administration department, sports organization and human power which form sports infrastructure of 21 century as method for overcoming crisis conditions of Korea sports in the end of the twentieth century. In research result many change viewed to be rise up in sports infrastructure of 21 century. First, government will reduce intervention of market and emphasis role of market in 21 century. Also, government will reduce welfare division which responsible to government and will reduce intervention on sports of government. But sport for all have to maintain intervention of government until nongovernment organization and citizen will be operated autonomously in Korea. Also, government have to take charge of top level sports continuously. Second, Korea sports in the twentieth century generally depends revenue source on national treasury and seoul olympic sports promotion fund. But private resources will be superior to public resources in 21 century. This will be possible to through enterprise sponsorship, club dues by sports club`s activation an own sport marketing of sports organization. Third, intervention width on sports of local government will increase by development of local self-government autonomy and sports for all works of central government will transfer to local government largely. Also, sports organizations in 21 century will exert himself for local`s sports club and promotion of sports for all.


The aim of this study was to systematically assess drug therapy in the guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease and to provide recommendations for the development of such guidelines.


Theoretical Issues: Concepts of Control in Theories of Perception. Psychodynamic Conceptions of Neurosis and the Origins of Phobia. The World is all that is the Case: Drawing the Skeins Together. An Empirical Inquiry: The Enemy Without: The Information Picked Up by Phobic and Normal Persons Under Stationary Conditions. The Enemy Within: Strategies of Perceptual Control? When Control Fails: Perceptual Disorientation, Derealization, and Depersonalization. A Little Intermezzo on the Experience of Time. Children of Space and Time. General Discussion. Summary. Appendice A: Intercorrelations Between Construct Components for the Four Tunnelphobic Patients in Study 1. Appendix B: Means and Standard Deviations for the Different Variables in Studies II-V, Mean Z-Scores for Different Subgroups Manifesting Different Strategies. Appendix C: Items of the Perceptual Disorientation. References. Author Index. Subject Index.


In this article,the influence of several factors on micropropagation of Thalictrum aquilegifolia was investigated.The results showed that the appropriate media for the callus induction was MS + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D,buds differentiation and subculture medium was MS + 2.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.2 mg/L NAA,MS + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.2mg/L NAA,respectively;the best medium for initiation and growth was 1/2 MS + 0.5 mg/L NAA.The plantlets were transplanted to perlite and vermiculite(1 ∶1) where the plant grew well,and the survival rate was 85 %.


A battery-extender fuel cell auxiliary power unit (BE-APU) is the first step in a far-reaching and long-term vision that Boeing has for utilizing fuel cells as APUs on board commercial airplanes for greater energy efficiency and improved air quality at airports. A critical requirement for developing a commercially viable BE-APU is a catalyst that can reform and electrochemically oxidize fossil fuel-based aviation fuels. This paper reviews the catalytic performance of nanoparticle MoO 2 , which can effectively reform Jet-A fuels to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas) under partial oxidation conditions. Nanoparticle MoO 2 was synthesized by the reduction of molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) powder in a 1:3 volume ratio of ethylene glycol to distilled water at 180 °C for 12 h. The resulting nanoparticle MoO 2 was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and BET surface area measurements. For the partial oxidation of Jet-A fuel at 850 °C, oxygen-to-carbon (O 2 /C) ratio of 0.55 and weight-hourly-space-velocity (WHSV) of 1.5 h ―1 , the synthesized nanoparticle MoO 2 displayed a fuel conversion of ∼99% and a hydrogen yield of ∼60% after 9 h on-stream. Under similar operating conditions, a reference Ni catalyst was deactivated due to coking after less than 4 h of operation. Based on these findings, nanoparticle MoO 2 appears to display a coking resistance higher than that of the reference Ni catalyst during the partial oxidation of Jet-A fuels.