An Improved Data Leakage Detection System is designed to mitigate the leakage of crucial and sensitive data in a cloud computing environment. Generally, leakage of data in computing system has caused a lot of irreparable damage or catastrophe to various institutions or organizations worldwide. Therefore, this research aims at detecting and preventing any intentional or non-intentional data leakages using dynamic password or key for data decryption security mechanisms. To achieve this the OOADM methodology was adopted. The new system was implemented using ASP.net MVC and Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio as the backend. And by incorporating an Audit trail/Transaction log mechanism, the new system monitors the activities within and outside the computing environment with date and time stamp. Hence, the system can be applied in any environment for the prevention and detection of any data leakage.


This paper presents the performance analysis of machine learning techniques in intrusion detection. We analyze time to build (and to retrain) the models used by Intrusion Detection System. Machine Learning is a branch of computer science that allows computer to learn by themselves without programming sequence. These techniques can be applied to detect new threat that has never seen before. Due to the large volumes of security audit data as well as complex and dynamic properties of intrusion behaviors, optimizing the accuracy of IDS becomes an important open problem that is receiving attentions from the research community. However, the performance (time and space required) is usually ignored. Our study allows administrators work to make better decisions about how to select the proper hardware for intrusion detection in various environments. We proposed the models for estimating the time to build each model and the vector equation of the cut-off point is provided for determining the minimum number of CPU required for building Decision tree model and support vector machine model.


Have we progressed integrated care in Europe? The EU Health Programme funded project, SCIROCCO Exchange addresses this question by providing online self-assessment tool for integrated care. Among the project partners, Puglia Region and the Strategic Regional Agency for Health and Social Care (AReSS), assessed the integrated care maturity level of the six Puglia' Local Health Authorities.
 The SCIROCCO Exchange project provides a 12-dimensions online tool for European regions to assess their maturity in the provision of integrated care, including identification of strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement. The methodology provides the following steps: 1) selection of key stakeholders participating in the assessment; 2) conducting the individual assessments; 3) building the consensus among the involved stakeholders. The outcomes of the assessment were captured in the form of spider diagrams, highlighting Puglia' strengths and weaknesses in integrated care.
 The research has provided a multi-dimensional representation of the integrated care maturity level of the Puglia' Local Health Authorities. With reference to the SCIROCCO Exchange tool dimensions, major strengths include: Digital Infrastructure; Population Approach; Process Co-ordination; and Citizen Empowerment. Among the areas for improvement: Finance & Funding; Removal of Inhibitors; and Evaluation Methods were identified.
 The experience of using the SCIROCCO Exchange Tool have demonstrated benefits and added value of the Tool in guiding involved stakeholders towards the implementation of integrated care in Puglia and in stimulating multi-stakeholders discussions and participants' engagement. The assessment results will be used to orient an Action Plan to facilitate much more effective and tailored knowledge transfer process and provide better digital care services in Puglia.


Developing shrimp to a commercial size in a confined freshwater space is important because it saves food and  because predators and diseases are avoided. Our study was conducted to calculate the growth of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by hyper-intensive farming in fresh water from 0,5 to 5‰ and under semi-controlled conditions. We seeded at a density of 563 postlarvae/m3 or m2 during the first cycle and 400 postlarvae/m3 in the second cycle in an outdoor pond of 6m3 or m2 covered with a mesh. Aeration was constant, they were fed Daphnia magna during the first two weeks and then camaronina pellets containing 35% protein, in food baskets, as demanded. The temperature ranged from 22,3 to 31,3°C, pH between 7,5 and 8,7, the oxygen was 4,26±1,43mg/L; the ponds were cleaned of debris every other day, and water was changed according to a program. The food conversion factor (FCA) was 1:1,1. The shrimp were measured weekly to calculate growth using the Bertalanffy model. Survival in the first cycle was 88,1 and 95,8% for the second cycle. Population parameters by maximum likelihood method of the first cycle were k=0,0957, L∞ =146,98 and t0=-0,93; in the second cycle k=0,0172, L∞ =367,82 and t0=-4,60. The results indicate rapid growth during the first ten weeks. Biomass was obtained from 26kg for the first cycle and 16kg for the second cycle. KEY WORDS Growth, density, survival, biomass, semi-controlled conditions.


We have fabricated and characterized the decanedithiol molecular junctions using planar Au nanogap electrodes in solution. The molecular junctions were formed by immersing the nanogap electrodes in decanedithiol solution. The number of molecules bridging the Au electrodes was precisely evaluated using two independent methods. First, the number of molecules was estimated from the area of the nanogap electrodes. The area of the nanogap electrodes was evaluated from the current–voltage (I–V) curve of the nanogap electrodes before the immersion process. Second, the number of molecules was estimated by comparing the conductance of the molecular junction with the previously reported conductance value of the single molecular junction. We also repeatedly form and break the molecular junctions by an electrochemical process.


Using conjoint choice experiments, we surveyed 473 Swiss homeowners about their preferences for energy efficiency home renovations. We find that homeowners are responsive to the upfront costs of the renovation projects, government-offered rebates, savings in energy expenses, time horizon over which such savings would be realized, and thermal comfort improvement. The implicit discount rate is low, ranging from 1.5 to 3%, depending on model specification. This is consistent with Hassett and Metcalf (1993) and Metcalf and Rosenthal (1995), and with the fact that our scenarios contain no uncertainty. Respondents who feel completely uncertain about future energy prices are more likely to select the status quo (no renovations) in any given choice task and weight the costs of the investments more heavily than the financial gains (subsidies and savings on the energy bills). Renovations are more likely when respondents believe that climate change considerations are important determinants of home renovations.


The cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor and the dopamine type 2 (D2) receptor are co‐localized on medium spiny neuron terminals in the globus pallidus where they modulate neural circuits involved in voluntary movement. Physical interactions between the two receptors have been shown to alter receptor signaling in cell culture. The objectives of the current study were to identify the presence of CB1/D2 heteromers in the globus pallidus of C57BL/6J male mice, define how CB1/D2 heteromer levels are altered following treatment with cannabinoids and/or antipsychotics, and determine if fluctuating levels of CB1/D2 heteromers have functional consequences. Using in situ proximity ligation assays, we observed CB1/D2 heteromers in the globus pallidus of C57BL/6J mice. The abundance of the heteromers increased following treatment with the nonselective cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP55,940. In contrast, treatment with the typical antipsychotic haloperidol reduced the number of CB1/D2 heteromers, whereas the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine treatment had no effect. Co‐treatment with CP55,940 and haloperidol had similar effects to haloperidol alone, whereas co‐treatment with CP55,940 and olanzapine had similar effects to CP55,940. The observed changes were found to have functional consequences as the differential effects of haloperidol and olanzapine also applied to γ‐aminobutyric acid release in STHdhQ7/Q7 cells and motor function in C57BL/6J male mice. This work highlights the clinical relevance of co‐exposure to cannabinoids and different antipsychotics over acute and prolonged time periods.


Fine Doppler frequency estimation has an important role in accelerating the convergence of the tracking loop in a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver to achieve short time to first fix. BDS ‐ 3 started broadcasting a civil B1C signal to provide open services for global users, which is beneficial for GNSS ‐ based applications. Therefore, a fine Doppler frequency acquisition algorithm based on an adaptive filter is proposed, whose purpose is to acquire the BDS ‐ 3 B1C signal Doppler frequency accurately after the completion of coarse acquisition. The proposed algorithm is based on a first ‐ order complex ‐ coefficients adaptive filter. The adaptive filter depends on the proposed adaptation algorithm to track the input BDS ‐ 3 B1C signal. An accurate Doppler frequency estimate is extracted. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm has high acquisition sensitivity, high acquisition accuracy, short acquisition time, and few hardware resources consumption, and also works well under many different coarse acquisition strategies


A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effect of different mercury(Hg) concentration on physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco.The results indicated that the malondialdehyde(MDA)content,protective enzyme activity,cell membrane permeability of tobacco leaves,the cell membrane permeability and activity of tobacco roots were decreased with the increase of Hg concentration.The chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves increased first and decreased afterwards,lower concentration of Hg(0.5 mg/kg) had a promoting effect on the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves at rosette stage.The activity of catalas(CAT) were the most sensitive physiological index affecting the flue-cured tobacco leaves under the Hg stress,which were in extreme negative correlation with the concentration of Hg.


The aim of this study is to discover how many of the examined seventy-one places of higher education offer undergraduate commerce courses.


The invention belongs to environment-friendly glue for construction, and particularly relates to environment-friendly nail-free glue for construction and a preparation method thereof. The nail-free glue comprises the following compositions: 12.0-40.0% of polyvinyl acetate resin, 18.0-40.0% of reinforcing filler, 15.0-40.0% of a solvent, 0.5-8.0% of a thixotropic agent, 0.1-3.5% of a coupling agent, 0.1-5.0% of a plasticizer, and 0.1-0.5% of a dispersing agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the solvent into a homogenizer, starting the homogenizer, then adding the polyvinyl acetate resin, stirring for 1-3 hours until all the materials are dissolved into a transparent and uniform liquid, further, adding the plasticizer, the coupling agent and the dispersing agent, uniformly stirring, then slowly adding the reinforcing filler, uniformly stirring to prepare a flowing pulpy mixture, then adding the thixotropic agent, and uniformly stirring to prepare the environment-friendly nail-free glue for construction. According to the invention, the environment is protected, the construction is convenient, no nail-holes are bonded, the bonding strength is high, and the ageing resistance is excellent.


INTRODUCTION The increased emission of greenhouse gases like CO2 into the atmosphere due to the utilization of energy obtained from fossil fuel is the main reason for the rapid climatic change. As per the report published in 2003 by the European Union, by 2030 the amount of CO2 emitted will be double the level that was emitted during 1990 [1]. The increase in population and industrialization has led to an increase in demand for energy resources such as oil and petroleum. The report from International Energy Agency (IEA) states that there will be an increase in oil demand of about 1.3% per annum between 2005 and 2030 [2]. These lead to an urgent need for the development of alternative energy source that is obtained from non-fossil origin.


Objective: comprehensive research of current challenges and threats of legal culture in the youth environment and proposals to improve the level of legal culture. Research methods: cognitive-analytical, comparative-legal analysis, objective truth, etc. Results: generalized mechanisms of destructive influence on the legal culture of youth, some, the most vulnerable forms of legal nihilism in the youth environment are identified and ways to improve the level of legal culture are proposed. Discussion: clarified the normative consolidation of anti-bullying, summarized the experience of educational and legal work by some state institutions, suggested ways to improve the legal education of young people to improve legal culture and combat certain manifestations of legal nihilism.
Attention is focused on the need for educational activities, including on the Internet in a new interesting and accessible form for young people. Substantiated: expediency of conducting sociological research to monitor the state of legal culture of youth to quick responding to relevant trends and challenges in the field of lawful behavior of young people; the need to develop a State Strategy for Legal Education with the involvement of specialists in various fields of knowledge to form a single integrated approach to its content. We consider it expedient to introduce into the school education program the discipline «Fundamentals of Legal Culture and Information Security», which will increase the level of legal culture of young people.


Valley spatial structure study is beneficial for the further development of spatial structure theories based on the concrete region type.Research on urban spatial structure is an important part of valley spatial structure.Taking Hanshui valley as an example,urban scale structure and spatial distribution are studied,and some conclusions are drawn: urban system is relatively perfect,but the urban primacy index is too big,scale distribution is lopsided;urban density is comparatively big,spatial distribution is seriously unbalanced;characteristics along axis direction of urban distribution is obvious. The important characteristics of urban spatial distribution is proved by using difference degree and correlation dimension.Some proposals are put forward for the optimization of urban system such as strengthening bibcock status of Wuhan as primary central urban;building growth triangle in Xiangfang-Shiyan-Nanyang; developing actively local level central urban and increasing the construction of regional spatial structure axis.


The use of interconnected rings approach, as globally asynchronous, locally synchronous clock distribution network, offers good performance regarding scalability, low clock-skew and high-speed clocking. Moreover, they show linear metal-cost growth and the power consumption is directly proportional to number of interconnected rings. In this paper, the performance of interconnected rings, working as clock distribution networks, is analyzed and verified by experimental measurements. Typical 3.3V 0.35μm CMOS N-well AMS process parameters were used for the analysis and chip fabrication. It is shown that interconnected rings are a robust approach under parameters variations.


Background and Objective: A study was conducted to detect the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and to determine its association with other epidemiological factors in bladder cancer. It was a case control study conducted at Pathology Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan from January 2006 to December 2010. The study may address the possibility of HPV vaccination in future to prevent the risk of bladder carcinoma. Methodology: A total of 114 biopsies of urinary bladder cancers were collected from different hospitals in Lahore, Bahawalpur, Multan, and Islamabad. One hundred and seven biopsies of non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions were included as a control. Conventional patient's history and clinical data was collected along with their biopsies. The real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of Human Papilloma Virus. Data was entered in Window SPSS version 16. Frequency of HPV and relative risk was calculated as compared to control group from different histopathology sections of bladder carcinoma. Results: Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) was more common in old age (mean age 56.92 ± 13.94 years) and in males (male to female ratio was 4.2:1.0). Use of tobacco was significantly associated with HPV infection and TCC (86/114 [75.5%] cases). DNA was detected from 98 samples (86%) but HPV was isolated in only 16 cases. High risk HPV subtypes 16 and 18 were detected in 11/98 (11%) and 5/98 (5%) cases of TCC respectively. Only 2/107 (1.86%) cases with non neoplastic bladder lesions showed positivity for HPV – 33. The relative risk was found to be 7.5 and 95% CI: 1.7 to 32. A significant association of HPV was seen in TCC (p = 0.0063). Conclusion: The frequency of HPV in our study was not high but it might be one of the important risk factors in this malignancy. No significant association of HPV was seen with other epidemiological risk factors except smoking for induction of urinary bladder carcinoma but its detection may indicate its presence and may be prevented by vaccination.


A novel 3D saw-tooth FSS is designed and studied. The FSS is based on Jerusalem cross (JC) unit element. The design of the FSS is constructed by folding the arms of the flat JC FSS into 3D saw-tooth shape. The transmission performances including the resonant frequency, the fractional bandwidth and the angular stability are simulated using CST. The reflection phase performances of AMC surfaces are also presented. The results show that the 3D saw-tooth FSS has lower resonant frequency and is more stable with the incident angles, compared with the flat surface for a fixed unit cell size.


Agriculture management practices can significantly affect soil C storage through changes in C inputs and losses. This study investigated the short-term effects of tillage (no-tillage [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), residue removal (0, 50, and 100%), and N rates of 0, 170, and 280 kg N ha⁻¹ on soil C storage. Studies were established in 2008 to 2011 on a Nicollet clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls) and Canisteo clay loam (Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls) soil association at Ames, central Iowa site (AC) and a Marshall silty clay loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls) soil association at Armstrong, southwest Iowa site (ASW) in continuous corn (Zea Mays L.). Findings from the C budget show that under CT and N rate of 170 kg N ha⁻¹ in continuous corn, there was no significant change in net soil C with no residue removal. Increasing N rate from 170 to 280 kg N ha⁻¹ resulted in greater potential C inputs from above and belowground biomass, although C losses were not significantly different, especially with NT. Thus, a portion of soil surface residue could be removed without causing a net loss of soil C. Converting from CT to NT led to lower soil C losses, but C inputs varied due to soil temperature and water content differences and seasonal variability in a given year. Consequently, averaged across both tillage systems and at 280 kg ha⁻¹ N rate for continuous corn approximately 5.10 and 4.18 Mg ha⁻¹ of the residue should remain on the field to sustain soil C in 2010 and 5.23 and 5.18 Mg ha–¹ in 2011 for AC and ASW sites, respectively. These finding suggest that residue removal needs to be approached on yearly basis with particular consideration to site's yield potential and weather condition as the residue biomass production can be variable.


Across the globe, educational institutions are adopting e-learning tools into their curricula to cater to the evergrowing demand for technology inside the classrooms. Where traditional blackboards have been replaced by virtual whiteboards and library books by online resources, teachers are trying hard to cope with the growing competition from technology outside the classroom that has captured their students' attention and imagination, with more technology, perhaps increasing student dependency. However, the author's previous research has shown that engaging e-learning tools to enhance student learning experience is not enough as it has negative impact on students' attitude towards e-cheating, disillusioning their awareness to cyber ethics. So, how do teachers ensure that the methods of teaching and the tools therewith truly enhance student learning and not affect their sense of ethics? As a part of an on-going research, this paper highlights the exponential usage of calculators in the classrooms and their impact on student' attitude towards e-cheating, and recommends further studies to measure the correlation of calculator dependency in the classroom to student attitude towards e-cheating and professionalism at workplaces.


Creating an inclusive culture for remote adjunct faculty teaching online involves a holistic shift to embrace contingent faculty as integral, value-added members of the institution. The first step in this shift mandates a realistic appraisal of the current "remote adjunct friendliness" status of the institution. The Institutional Inclusive Practice Appraisal: Remote Adjunct Faculty offers an actionable self-assessment to examine policies, procedures, communication, engagement opportunities and professional growth that may impact the working environment for remote adjunct faculty teaching online.


An assembly-induced retention effect for enhanced tumor photoacoustic (PA) imaging and therapeutics is described. A responsive small-molecule precursor is prepared that simultaneously self-assembles into nanofibers in tumor sites that exhibit an assembly-induced retention effect, which results in an improved PA imaging signal and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This successful proof-of-concept study paves the way to develop novel supramolecular biomaterials for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.


Unlike, perhaps, other social problems, prostitution has always been subject to some crude errors and popular misconceptions. It is rather ironical that our knowledge of the nature and character of one of the world's "oldest professions" is either based on hearsay or still reflects some moral and normative overtones. This is especially true of traditional societies, where prostitution is either taboo or conceived in terms of sexual perversions and social evils. Both such attitudes, to say the least, have not been conducive to approaching the question objectively. Though very little is known about the prostitute and the conditions that predispose her towards her profession, moralists, public health experts, city planners, voluntary women's associations, journalists, and other such civic-minded groups (though for different reasons) have never ceased to judge and condemn the prostitute and her profession. This paper has nothing to add to such moral charges and dogmatic assertions. It is not an attempt to glorify or condemn the public prostitute. Neither is it an attempt to provide further theoretical insights into the nature of prostitution. This has already been extensively and ably done by Davis (1937), May (1933), and


The availability of huge data, due to the tremendous storage capacity of modern computers has allowed the systematic  collection, and  high processing speed has permitted  analysis  on  that  data by researchers on a scale far  larger than previously  possible. Due to this, complex  network formation has been seen and observed in many real and artificial complex systems. As these  systems are very large and complex, we cannot get an understanding of these complex systems just by only examining the separate components which constitute these systems. Therefore, modeling  the way these components are interconnected in a system is very  important  for understanding  the system as a whole. Further, despite the enormous variation in their components, functions, and sizes, these networks  are  surprisingly similar in  topology, leading to the conjecture that complex systems  are  governed  by  the ubiquitous self-organizing principle. In this research, we emphasize  on  the  importance of heterogeneous topological structure of real-world complex networks and its importance in understanding the phenomenon of diffusion in these networks.


Pediatricians often are asked to provide testimony for either the plaintiff or defendant(s) in medical malpractice cases. In fact, such testimony is required to bring medical negligence cases to the courts.

The vast majority of physicians providing expert testimony do so honestly. Yet, a small


UCAV data link capability is introduced on the paper. The special battle demand of UCAV data link is analyzed. Several schemes are put forward based on TCP to UCAV battle communication problem. They are compared on the paper and show the results. At last, the results are analyzed.


l3omw is in a comttinual state of turmio -er. Imiasntuch as collagen is the major organic comistituemit of bone, a collagenase withimt this tissue has long beemt suspected. Walker, Lapiere amid Gross (19) have 1)rovidecl evidence for collagemtase ill culture fluids of rat bone after parathormttomie stimtiulatiomi. Further evidence for the existettce of muouse bone collagenase was contributed by Stermt et al. (17, 18) who studied bone resorption of calvaria. In a preliminary report (7), we demomistrated the existemice of collagenase in culture fluids of bomte and cartilage tissues of goat, rat and man. The presemit detailed study of huntan hone collagemtase proffers data comtcertting (a) the


The invention discloses a cast magnesium alloy of low linear shrinkage, which belongs to the field of magnesium alloys. The magnesium alloy consists of Mg, Al, Zn, Mn, rare earth, Nb, Li and M element, wherein the materials have the following weight percentage composition: 1.5-25 percent of Al, 0.1-3.5 percent of Zn, 0.1-2.2 percent of Mn, 0.0002-16 percent of rare earth, 0.0002-4 percent of Nb, 0.0002-9 percent of Li, 0.0002-2 percent of M element and the balance Mg; and the M element is at least one of Zr, Ti, Sr, Ca, C and B. According to the heat-resistant magnesium alloy, the rare earth element and the Nb element are added into the magnesium alloy, so that the structure of beta phase is changed; the Zr element and the M element are added to refine crystal grains; due to combined action of the elements, latent heat of crystallization during alloy solidification is changed; and the magnesium alloy which has superior mold-filling capacity, low shrinkage, superior mechanical property and good machinability, fluidity and die-cast performance and is suitable for casting is obtained.


This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, operational efficiency, asset quality, and liquidity on the capital adequacy level of the banking sector which is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This type of research is classified as causative descriptive research. The sample of this study was 28 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018 selected using the purposive sampling method. The type of data in this study is secondary data. Data were collected by documentation techniques and analyzed using multiple regression analysis methods. Analysis prerequisite tests conducted include normality test, heterokedasticity test, multicollinearity test, and autocorrelation test. The data collected is processed with SPSS version 26.0. The results showed that profitability has a significant positive effect on the level of capital adequacy, Operational efficiency has a positive and not significant effect on the level of capital adequacy, asset quality has a significant negative effect on the level of capital adequacy, and liquidity has a negative and insignificant effect on the level of capital adequacy in the sector banks which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.Keywords : profitability, operational efficiency, asset quality, liquidity


The overall goal of this project was to expand and refine our statistical model that estimates Smokybrown cockroach abundance from house and landscape characteristics to include additional species of cockroaches, several species of ants as well as subterranean termites. The model will correlate pest abundance and diversity with house and landscape characteristics. These results could ultimately be used to better treat and prevent perimeter pest infestations.


ABSTRACT This paper aimed to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA; 10, 75, 250 µmol/g protein) addition on silver carp myofibrillar protein (MP) oxidation under MetHemoglobin (MetHb) catalyzed docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oxidative stress. The changes in lipid and protein oxidation and structural stability were evaluated by spectroscopic methods. The results suggested that all the doses of rosmarinic acid inhibited the peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) formation in oxidized MP. The findings also indicated that low and medium doses of rosmarinic acid prevented the carbonyl formation, loss of total -SH groups, and free amines in oxidized MP. However, the high dose of RA could not prevent the MP oxidation and acted as pro-oxidant. In addition, rosmarinic acid affected the myofibrillar protein structure, as exhibited by the unfolding. Furthermore, the microstructure results showed the hydrophobic interaction between oxidized MP and rosmarinic acid possibly by adduct formation and aggregation of MP with increasing concentration of rosmarinic acid.


The paper discusses the new class of ordinary differential equations solvers, based on parallel methods of numerical integration, known as D-methods. The application problems of such methods are considered for a case of non-linear dynamical systems computer simulation. The algorithms of parallel ODE integration methods and the series of computational experiments in NI LabVIEW development system are represented. The test examples of nonlinear fl at pendulum and Lorenz «strange attractor» system are given, solved by new parallel numerical integration methods. An evaluation of computational effi ciency and stability of the obtained parallel method modifi cations is provided, compared to the classical Runge-Kutta methods.


Objective:To discuss the mechanisms of fever and its management in patients with primary liver cancer(PLC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) Method:388 patients with PLC,all diagnosed pathologically or clinically,were treated with TACE The patients were divided into two groups:those treated with intraarterial chemotherapy alone(192) and those treated with TACE (196) The body temperature was documented and analysed for this two groups of patients Result:42 78% of patients(166) developed fever after interventional therapy,18 75% of patients(36)treated with intraarterial chemotherapy alone developed fever,while as for the patients treated with TACE,66 33% of them(130)developed fever Conclusion:Fever is the one of the most common complications in patients with PLC treated with TACE It was considered to be due to necrosis of the tumor,infection,and chemotherapeutic agents,etc The management of the fever usually includes suitable use of febricides and antibiotics


Mixing of [(PBP)PtCl] complex with 1-decene and H2O afforded isomerized alkenes. Deuterium-labeling experiment indicated the catalytically active hydride species for alkene isomerization formed fro...


 Abstract Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency (ISOD) is a devastating, neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations in the SUOX gene necessary for the final step in the sulfur-containing amino acid catabolic pathway. Patients classically present in the neonatal period with neurologic manifestations. Biochemical findings include elevated sulfocysteine, low cystine and undetectable homocysteine with normal uric acid levels. Other associated biochemical markers include elevated plasma alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde and piperideine-6-carboxylic acid. We report a patient with classic neonatal onset ISOD (refractory seizures, hypertonicity, brain abnormalities, pathogenic SUOX mutations). Her clinical course was marked by extreme irritability, prompting the use of a low methionine and cystine diet to decrease toxic metabolites thought to be contributing to her symptoms. Biochemical markers and extreme irritability improved with dietary treatment (methionine=30mg/kg/day). She died of sepsis in early infancy, precluding long term follow-up. This case reviews the potential benefits and limitations of diet therapy in this rare


To the Editor: The COVID-19 pandemic has been terrifying for our world. In this situation, problems are confronting healthcare professionals worldwide, particularly neurosurgeons. This is of great concern that healthcare professionals with inadequate personal protective equipment are getting more infected during face-toface identification or due to aerosol production when sitting in the waiting room in the hospital. The cases of infection rise during ambulatory treatment due to silent transmission from a mixture of presymptomatic and asymptomatic infections. The distribution of services for both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in the COVID-19 period should be based on a few needful concepts. Global neurosurgical initiatives need to be taken that could rise to the cause of providing essential and uniform neurosurgical treatment in order to avoid infection due to silent transmission. Global leaders are continuously providing comprehensive literature to help us all manage neurosurgical patients with safety and produce good outcomes. The whole world is trying to cope with the current global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and reduce infection spread not only among patients but also among treating neurosurgeons.1 In lowand middle-income countries, the patient flow management in hospitals is modified by local guidelines and resource allocation in outpatient departments. It is of great concern that the healthcare professionals with inadequate personal protective equipment are getting more infected during face-to-face registration or due to aerosol generation in the hospital waiting room.2 Neurosurgical patients undergo proper documentation of their medical history, very close clinical examination, evaluation of previous documents, and allocation of a new treatment plan, which increases exposure time. Exposure time may further increase for physically challenged patients. In the case of physically challenged patients, social distancing of about 2 m and exposure time of less than 10 min cannot be adequately maintained.3 The identification of asymptomatic carriers is done by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the success rate is almost 56% to 80%.4 Such estimates using a targeted population provide an important insight into evaluating the prevalence of asymptomatic viral shedding.5 It is not always possible to run all the screening methods for the asymptomatic patient in the outpatient department, especially in low-resource countries. Allocating resources in the COVID19 era should be based on six principles: maximizing health benefits; prioritizing healthcare workers; not allocating in the manner of the first-come-first-served basis; being responsive to evidence-based medicine; recognizing research participation; and applying the same strategy to all COVID-19 and non-COVID19 patients.6 There is a lot of controversy regarding the spread of COVID19 from asymptomatic carriers. In one study, it was suggested that in China there is a 5.8% prevalence rate of silent infection of COVID-19,7 while another Japanese study found a total asymptomatic proportion of 17.9% out of all COVID-19 cases found in a ship.8 COVID-19 also spreads through air, which might play an important role in COVID-19 infection during outpatient management. Proper ventilation systems, proper air conditioning, adequate room space, availability of quality PPE, adequate hand sanitizer, and proper disposal management systems also play a major role in preventing COVID-19 infection. Studies have found that the majority of incidences may be due to silent transmission from a combination of presymptomatic and asymptomatic infections.9 Symptom screening, thermal scanning, and taking recent history of contact with COVID-19 patients are essential, but when community transmission occurs, it is very difficult to assume the actual number of asymptomatic patients without testing.10 To avoid silent infection, the following steps can be taken:


1. Lowland heath is a priority habitat for conservation, nowadays largely managed for biodiversity. Historically, prescribed burning has been the principal management tool, but there are increasing calls to substitute burning with cutting to improve biodiversity outcomes. However, poor understanding of potential impacts compromises decision making. 2. Our study was carried out in the New Forest National Park, the largest area of lowland heath in Europe. Using a multi-trophic approach, we compared the ecological impact of prescribed burning with two types of vegetation cutting (swiping and baling) as management tools for biodiversity outcomes for up to 20 years after


The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a 6.6m diameter, segmented, deployable telescope for cryogenic IR space astronomy (approximately 40K). The JWST Observatory architecture includes the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) and the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) element that contains four science instruments (SI) including a Guider. The SIs and Guider are mounted to a composite metering structure with outer dimensions of 2.1 x 2.2 x 1.9m. The SI and Guider units are integrated to the ISIM structure and optically tested at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center as an instrument suite using an OTE SIMulator (OSIM). OSIM is a high-fidelity, cryogenic JWST telescope simulator that features a approximately 1.5m diameter powered mirror. The SIs are aligned to the structure's coordinate system under ambient, clean room conditions using laser tracker and theodolite metrology. Temperature-induced mechanical SI alignment and structural changes are measured using a photogrammetric measurement system at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. OSIM is aligned to the ISIM mechanical coordinate system at the cryogenic operating temperature via internal mechanisms and feedback from alignment sensors in six degrees of freedom. SI performance, including focus, pupil shear and wavefront error, is evaluated at the operating temperature using OSIM. We present an updated plan for the assembly and ambient and cryogenic optical alignment, test and verification of the ISIM element.


In a multi-level, non-hierarchical court system, where courts at the upper echelon do not have the power to reverse the decisions of courts at the lower level, judicial cooperation appears crucial to the effectiveness of the higher-level law. For this reason, the recent judgment of the Czech Constitutional Court, which declared the decision of the Court of Justice in the Landtova case ultra vires, would seem to deal a terrible blow to the authority of European Union law. As doomsayers will be quick to point out, the Czech decision could set a dangerous precedent that may well one day bring down the entire edifice of EU law. However, borrowing insights from game theory and international relations, the present Article argues that this judgment is more likely to remain an isolated episode than to be remembered as the tipping point when tensions between the CJEU and domestic courts escalated into the judicial equivalent of nuclear Armageddon. The author shows that many aspects of the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict can be represented as a simple Hawk-Dove game. A modified, slightly more sophisticated model then helps cast a wider light on the use of non-compliance threats by domestic high courts, notably the German Federal Constitutional Court. The analysis demonstrates that a domestic court need not "bite" in order for its "barking" to be consequential. Far from indicating strength, the decision to disapply EU law may in fact constitute evidence of a domestic court's relative institutional weakness, which suggests the CCC will sooner or later repudiate a decision that seems to be driven by anger rather than by reason. While ultra vires doctrines have proliferated in the wake of the GFCC's Maastricht ruling, the Article also points to institutional limits that national courts must reckon with when seeking to import the GFCC's jurisprudence into their own domestic context.


Hulu rock body lies in the eastern part of Kongguer Huangshan fault belt,and cover an area of about 0.75 km~2.It consists of gabbros-diorite,gabbros,pyroxenites,pyroxene peridotite and peridotite.They extend mainly gradual transition,a few introduction each other.The petrochemical compositions belong to the tholeiitic series.Most of the rocks are slightly enriched in LREE,moderately depleted in HFSE(Nb、Ta、Ti).Crustal assimilation contamination was limited in their genesis,and the magma experienced fractional crystallization of olivine,orthopyroxene,clinopyroxene and plagioclase.Isotopically,the rocks in Hulu maric- ultramafic intrusion is characterized by positive e_(Nd)(t)values(+6.4~+7.1),e_(Sr)(t)values(-10.1~-9.3),except one sample e(Sr)(t)=+3.4.and ~(206)pb/~(204)Pb ratios(18.091~18.513),~(207)pb/~(204)Pb ratios(15.459~15.528),~(208)pb/~(204)Pb ratios(37.526~ 38.126).Element geochemistry and Nb、Sr、Pb isotope system indicate the magma of asthenosphere origin interlarded the magma of enriched lithosphere origin.REEs geochemical characteristics reveal that melting occur in the spinel stable field.Therefore,Hulu intrusion is the result of blending of asthenosphere and lithosphere mantle in the spinel stable field.


The core banking activities of extending and monitoring loans and issuing low yielding short-term liabilities are functionally similar to investing in high quality credit and maturity spread trades funded with short-term brokerage loans in the capital market. We find that the unlevered return on assets for the US aggregate banking sector has averaged 2.7% per year over 1999-2015, while similar exposures sourced passively in the capital market earn 3.7% per year. Banks that underperform their size and asset risk matched peers tend to use higher leverage to increase their return on equity. The stock market rewards these banks with high valuations. * Begenau (email@example.com) and Stafford (firstname.lastname@example.com) are at Harvard Business School. We especially thank David Scharfstein for many fruitful discussions. We also thank Malcolm Baker, Robin Greenwood, Sam Hanson, Andrei Shleifer, and Adi Sunderam for helpful comments and discussions. Harvard Business School's Division of Research provided research support. 1 The economic activities of banks are widely viewed to be special relative to other areas of the capital market. Banks invest in specialized knowledge (Leland and Pyle (1977)) and monitoring technologies (Diamond (1984)) to overcome the difficulties of credit provision to a large number of heterogeneous borrowers. These activities are funded primarily through deposits, which are believed to provide a funding advantage relative to alternative forms of short-term borrowing (e.g. Gorton and Pennacchi (1990), Diamond and Rajan (2000, 2001). Practitioner explanations of bank leverage choices are difficult to reconcile with standard tradeoff theories of capital structure and the pricing of systematic risks (Admati, DeMarzo, Hellwig, and Pfleiderer (2013)), suggesting that managers view themselves to be optimizing over real world frictions outside of these neoclassical models, further confirming the perceived specialness of banks. The essence of banks' specialness is that it allows banks to execute various forms of maturity spread trades, involving illiquidity and high quality credit risk, more efficiently than others using less specialized technologies. This paper investigates the possibility that banks are no longer special relative to capital markets and that the widespread belief that they are special leads to the functional inefficiency of banking. We evaluate the performance of the aggregate banking sector from the functional perspective of capital markets (Merton and Bodie (1993, 1995)) and the law of one price. We assume that the economic exposures inherent in the core activities of banks can be sourced passively in the capital market. Similar exposures should be priced similarly, such that our passive exposures can be viewed as capital market based opportunity costs. Specialization may lead banks to require higher returns due to their concentrated exposures (Merton (1987)) and allow banks to earn economic rents, such that bank returns, net of costs, should be at least as


th , 2013 Abstract: This paper presents a multi-robot reinforcement learning method combination LCS and LS-SVM, the optimal learning strategy LS-SVM obtained as an initial rule set of LCS. LCS interact with the environment, which can quickly find the guiding rules for multi-robot reinforcement learning, provide real-time, dynamic feedback, so that multi-robot autonomously learn the optimal strategy of mutual cooperation. Algorithm analysis and simulation show that a large space for multi-robot learning, the learning speed converges slowly, uncertainties and other learning problems can get a great improvement.


Three perylene-oxochlorin dyads have been prepared and characterized with the goal of identifying charge-injection or molecular-switching motifs for use in molecular photonics. Each dyad consists of a perylene-bis(imide) dye (PDI) joined at the 10-position of a magnesium, zinc, or free base (Fb) oxochlorin via a diphenylethyne linker. Each dyad has been studied in both polar and nonpolar media using static and time-resolved optical spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Dyad PDI−MgO is an excellent charge-separation unit in which the excited perylene (∼3.5 ps lifetime) or the excited oxochlorin (lifetimes of 0.5 ns in benzonitrile and 1.0 ns in toluene) give rise to state PDI- MgO+ in high overall yield (>90%); the charge-separated state has a lifetime of ≥1 ns in both toluene and benzonitrile. The pathway for generating PDI- MgO+ from the excited perylene (PDI*) involves both hole transfer and energy transfer to the oxochlorin followed by electron transfer from the resulting MgO* to PDI. Similar de...


As direct measure of � m unicative language ability,performance assessment(typically writing and speaking assessment)claims construct validity and a strong power for predictive utility of test scores. However,it is also of com mon concern that the subjectivity of rating process and the potential unfairness for test takers who encounter different writing prom pts and speaking tasks would constitute threats to reliability and validity of test scores,especially in those large-scale and high-stakes tests.Therefore,appropriate means for quality control of subjective scoring should be held essential in test administration and validation.Based upon raw scores from one administration of speaking testin PETS Band3 held in Hangzhou,the present study investigates and models possible sources of score variability within the framework of Many-Facet Rasch Model (MFRM).MFRM conceptualizes the possibility of a examinee being awarded a certain score as a function of several facets —examinee ability,rater severity,domain difficulty and step difficulty between the adjacent score categories and provides estimates of the extent to w hich the � test score is influenced by those facets.Model construction and data analysis was carried outin FACETS Version 3.58 ,computer program for conducting MFRM analysis.The results demonstrate statistically significant differences within each facet. Despite the generally acceptable rater consistency across examinees and rating domains,fit statistics indicate some unexpected rating patterns in certain raters such as inconsistency and central tendency,to be avoided through future rater training.Fair scores for each examinee are also provided,minimizing the variability due to facets other than � manifests itself as effective in detecting whether each test method facet functions asintended in performance assessmentand providing usefulfeedback for quality control of subjective scoring.


Becteriorhodopsin(BR) is a kind of protein molecule which can store up and convert photoenergy.On light illuminates,BR film can generate a rapid charge separation and photonelectric response signals.Its kinetic photonelectric response was studied within μ s-ms range,using dye pulse laser,the home-made experimental system.The law of the photonelectric response singnals changing and the mechanism of light-driven proton pump were sumed up.


The Imperial Examination and Beijing Colleges coexisted for thousands of years. They affected each other. Beijing Colleges thrived on the Imperial Examination. Along with the Qing Dynasty's abolishing of the Imperial Examination,Beijing Colleges ended. In the interactive relationship,the Imperial Examination was in the leading position. It was mainly reflected on normative influence of the college education. The Imperial Examination influenced the rise and fall,development direction,content of courses,exam content and the test procedure of Beijing Colleges. While the Beijing Colleges became the main source of students in the Imperial Examination,many students had the test training in Colleges. They participated in the Imperial Examination to obtain fame. Beijing Colleges brought vitality into the Imperial Examination System,especially when the orthodoxies declined.


Powerful software tools for the sequential and parallel simulation of water and solute transport in strongly heterogeneous porous media are developed based on an extensive discussion of the involved processes, as well as of numerical and implementation aspects.

The tools are applied to study problems involving parameter estimation in heterogeneous porous media, virtual soil systems and dynamic effects in heterogeneous soils. The excelent scalability of the numerical solver for both water as well as solute transport is investigated on BlueGene/P and /Q type supercomputers. As file transfer can be a bottleneck for large-scale simulations it is analysed carefully, obtaining near optimal data transfer rates with data sets of up to 17.5 Terabyte.


Modernization initiated and developed in cities. Urban development of P R China in recent 50 years has experienced ups and downs, from solely caring production to both life and ecology and then to sustainability. The tenth Five-Year-Plan of China says that urbanization strategy should be carried out to boom mutual development of cities and countryside. The core of the strategy is to raise steadily urbanization level, release surplus farmers from countryside, increase the living standards of farmers, foster market for urban economy and retain the vitality on end and therefore to restructure the rural and urban economies towards national social and economic development in harmony.


Drumlins are glacially derived landforms that are prominent in the landscape over much of southern New England. We carried out a comprehensive ground-based survey in a three-town study area in eastern Massachusetts with the goals of establishing the extent to drumlins have been altered and assessing the associated environmental consequences and probable driving factors. Results show that many drumlins have been significantly altered through levelling and truncation (creation of steep cut and fill slopes), with projects involving movement of 121.5610 6 m 3 of earth materials not now uncommon. Stormwater and wetlands infractions were documented at all the larger excavation sites and resulted in enforcement actions and fines in many cases; the broader environmental consequences of the loss/alteration of these forested uplands are harder to establish. The excavations are significant in terms of materials cycling: the movement of earth materials, when considered regionally, greatly exceeds natural denudation processes and is also greater than during other periods of high anthropogenic denudation. Our findings suggest that the region's glacial landscapes are at risk given current development patterns. The accelerating rate of land-surface change is undoubtedly also generalizable to other fast-developing regions of the United States. The landform alterations documented are part of a changing pattern of land use and vegetation cover since the Colonial era and are linked to shortages of land for development, current development and building practices, and lack of explicit rationales for preservation of the region's geoheritage. Copyright: ß 2012 Woodcock et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Support through the HERO project at Clark University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


When Mukadas Kadirova changed her mode of dress as an act of religious devotion, she and her family - the self-proclaimed (former) epitome of modern, Soviet citizenry - were confronted with conflicting normative systems. Was Mukadas still a modern woman? Was the family? And what was modernity anyway, they asked: socialist ideals, capitalist consumption, or pious women fashionably tying their headscarves? This paper, based on fourteen months of fieldwork in Kyrgyzstan, examines Mukadas's religious transformation; her attempts to map this alteration onto the shifting discursive and material realities of the post-Soviet period; and her play with variant notions of modernity. Mukadas's struggle ultimately shows that while modernity is often characterized by a linear, forward-looking gaze, experiences of modernity are not always marked by this progressive 'onward' sense. Modernity can be simultaneously past, present, and future.


Improving recovery factor after polymer flooding is an important problem and it takes much more attention of petroleum engineers now.A cationic polymer is selected as the oil displacement agent of the polymer flooding blocks of Gudao Oilfield.The displacement mechanism of the oil displacement agent and the displacement efficiencies under the displacement modes of "water flooding +water flooding after injecting the cationic displacement agent(or high-efficient interfacial tension displacement agent) in homogeneous core "," water flooding +polymer flooding + water flooding + water flooding after injecting the cationic displacement agent(or high-efficient interfacial tension displacement agent) in homogeneous core ","water flooding + polymer flooding + water flooding + profile control +water flooding after injecting the cationic displacement agent(or high-efficient interfacial tension displacement agent) +water flooding in inhomogeneous core"," water flooding + polymer flooding + water flooding + water flooding after injecting the cationic displacement agent (or high-efficient interfacial tension displacement agent) +water flooding in inhomogeneous core" are studied by experiments,and the displacement efficiencies are compared using the cationic displacement agent with using high-efficient interfacial tension displacement agent separately.The study results show that,the cationic polymer injected after polymer flooding can increase the swept volume of the subsequent injected water by adsorption,flocculation,and so on; the earlier the cationic polymer is injected in the water flooding process after polymer flooding,the better the result of enhancing recovery factor; to inhomogeneous reservoir,the suitable shutoff of high-permeability layers can greatly enhance the recovery factor after polymer flooding; in inhomogeneous reservoir,the recovery factor enhancing value of the cationic displacement agent is greater than that of the high-efficient interfacial tension displacement agent.


Objective To investigate the cytotoxicity activity of CIK cells targeted by EGFR/CD3 bispecific antibody ( BsAb) against gastric cancer line SGC7901 and MKN45. Methods A bispecific antibody was constructed by chemically crosslinking one monoclone antibody against human CD3 and one monoclone antibody ( McAb) against human EGFR. The immunocytochemistry assay was performed to detect the expression of EGFR in SGC7901 and MKN45 cell lines. The cytotoxicity activity of CIK cells targeted by EGFR/CD3 BsAb was analyzed by the cell combination rate assay and MTT assay,then the cytotoxicity activity of CIK cells targeted by EGFR/CD3 BsAb,CIK cells targeted by EGFR McAb or/and CD3 McAb and CIK cells were compared. Results The combination rates of CIK cells targeted by EGFR/CD3 BsAb with MKN45 cell and SGC7901 cell were ( 64. 6 ± 7. 2) % and ( 59. 5 ± 6. 1) % respectively,which were significantly higher than those of control groups ( P 0. 05) . The cell lysis rate of CIK cells targeted by EGFR/ CD3 BsAb was higher than that of CIK cells targeted by CD3 McAb only and CIK cells targeted by CD3 McAb and EGFR McAb. The lysis rates of the latter two groups were significantly higher than those of CIK cells targeted by EGER McAb only and CIK cells ( P 0. 05) . Conclusion It is suggested that EGFR/CD3 BsAb could enhance the ability of CIK cells to bind and kill the gastric cancer cells


An autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the SMPD1 gene, encoding sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase. The condition is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly and interstitial lung disease, but with little neurological involvement. It is part of a continuum of disease resulting from decrease activity of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, with Type B being the milder form.


The formative years of Darul Uloom, Vazhakkad, a well-known Muslim waqf institution in northern Kerala in India established in the late nineteenth century for imparting religious education, is examined in this article. Darul Uloom is probably the first registered waqf in Kerala and by analysing the registered waqf deeds of this institution, we seek to understand the operation of authority and management in the initial years of this institution, especially in the background of contestations between emergent Islamic reformists and traditionalists. We trace the significant reformulation of the foundational intent evident in the subsequent deeds by later custodians and the intervention of various social groups, particularly the local community, in refashioning the trajectory of the waqf. A shift in authority—a complex product of theological, political and economic contestations emerged in the context of transformations brought by British Colonialism in Malabar—is evident in this process. Through our analysis, we suggest that waqf institutions and its legal foundations were highly dynamic and adaptive to their changing social contexts as against the portrayal of these Islamic institutions as stagnant and inflexible.


In the context of the online environment and the pressure created by the new information and communication technologies, when the Internet is used by more than 40% of the world population, when the penetration rate of the online has reached more than 75% in Europe (52% in Romania) and almost 90% in North America and when the smartphone has become a constant companion of the individuals, today's companies must adapt or develop new marketing strategies that will help them win and retain the consumers, otherwise they will slowly perish. This paper aims to present several important marketing strategies based on the usage of the Internet tools like: search engine optimisation (SEO), content marketing, social media/online social networks, email marketing, lead generation, sales etc., that can be implemented by the Romanian companies. We are presenting several important advantages and disadvantages of these marketing strategies. We will also bring forth several important statistics regarding the Internet usage and of the online marketing tools and we shall underline future trends related to these aspects, all this being designed to support future managerial decisions and to better understand the need for the companies to implement and use them successfully.


Urinary incontinence is defined as the inability to stop the flow of urine from the bladder. In the US alone, the annual societal cost of incontinence-related care is estimated at 12.6 billion dollars. Clinicians agree that those suffering from urinary incontinence would greatly benefit from a wearable system that could continually monitor the bladder, providing continuous feedback to the patient. While existing ultrasound-based solutions are highly accurate, they are severely limited by form-factor, battery size, cost and ease of use. In this study the authors propose an alternative bladder-state sensing system, based on Ultra Wideband (UWB) Radar. As part of an initial proof-of-concept, the authors developed one of the first dielectrically and anatomically-representative Finite Difference Time Domain models of the pelvis. These models (one male and one female) are derived from Magnetic Resonance images provided by the IT'IS Foundation. These IT'IS models provide the foundation upon which an anatomically-plausible bladder growth model was constructed. The authors employed accurate multi-pole Debye models to simulate the dielectric properties of each of the pelvic tissues. Two-dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations were completed for a range of bladder volumes. Relevant features were extracted from the FDTD-derived signals using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and then classified using a k-Nearest-Neighbour and Support Vector Machine algorithms (incorporating the Leave-one-out cross-validation approach). Additionally the authors investigated the effects of signal fidelity, noise and antenna movement relative to the target as potential sources of error. The results of this initial study provide strong motivation for further research into this timely application, particularly in the context of an ageing population.


Factors such as genetic heterogeneity in the immune response contribute to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis severity. Such heterogeneity may manifest by an aberrant proliferation of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The proliferation of PBMC was analysed in 52 infants: 21 ambulatory infants with mild RSV bronchiolitis (group I), 26 hospitalized infants with RSV bronchiolitis on ward (group II) and five intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized infants (group III). Proliferation was analysed in response to negative control, PHA (LPS) and LPS/PHA. The TLR4 mutations were genotyped using reverse‐transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. The optical density (OD) post‐LPS/PHA of group II (1·27 ± 0·63) was significantly higher than group II (0·65 ± 0·38, P = 0·005) or group I (0·63 ± 0·33, P = 0·003), suggesting hyporesponsiveness to the LPS attenuation effect. None of the ICU hospitalized infants demonstrated OD readings post‐LPS/PHA under the 0·75 threshold as opposed to group I (67% under 0·75) and group II (69%) (P < 0·05). The responses to negative‐control, LPS and PHA stimulation alone were similar across groups. The presence of TLR4 mutations (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) were associated with severe RSV bronchiolitis and were significantly over‐represented in groups II and III. These findings suggest that impairments of PBMC function manifested by hyporesponsiveness to LPS as well as the presence of TLR4 mutations are associated with an increased risk for more severe RSV bronchiolitis in previously healthy infants. A certain threshold of LPS hyporesponsiveness may have a very high negative predictive value for ICU hospitalization, even better than the determination of known TLR4 mutations for this purpose.


This paper highlights SemanticEdge's use of ontologies within their much broader conversational e-commerce system. After sketching some of the problems in e-commerce and e-business, we introduce the conversational paradigm as applied to e-commerce. This paradigm requires the use of ontologies in many areas, and we go on to outline the major issues we face in applying ontologies, both from a technical and a methodological aspect. We then go on to outline more general issues facing ontologies which we believe will be crucial to ontology technology's acceptance within modern enterprise-standard information technology systems.


Major changes in the frequency of reversals of the Earth's magnetic field over the last 150myr are shown to occur at times when there are changes in the heat flow. This provides further evidence that certain processes in the upper mantle and those in the outer core may be coupled.


Introduce heuristically the newly definition(W.Thomas)for graph automata-using "tiles"to simulate the extension(over dag's) of the classical notions of transition moves;propose a sufficient condition for when graph automata can be reduced to (simpler)tiling systems,which is a generalization of a Thomas' result;and finally study the logic sepcification of tiling systems (particularly,over picture languages)by (existential)monadic partition logic,instead of the ususal and stronger framework(E)MSO.


In TREC 2003, our experiments have been concentrated only on the topic distillation task. We first simply apply the term-based technique to the .GOV web collection, and then re-rank the retrieval results using a link analysis algorithm in order to boost the retrieval precision. Our link analysis has been inspired from the original PageRank, but focused on the web topic during the iterative score propagation. We hybridize the term-based retrieval scores with our link analysis approach. From the experiments, the results show that the combination of those scores still provides inadequate precision improvement.


Abstract This review article was written for people like Paul McGhee when he was 20 years old: curious and interested in the neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter but neither physicians nor experts in cognitive science. It begins with necessary reflections on what it even means to consider humor, smiling and laughter from within these disciplines. These frames of reference, useful as they are, are far from neutral. The reader is encouraged to be sensitive to some logical and linguistic pitfalls that can fatally endanger meaningful discussions of these subjects. The results of empirical studies of humor, smiling and laughter which have employed the tools of neurology and psychiatry are then reviewed, roughly in the order in which the techniques have emerged historically, beginning with clinical studies (Part I) and continuing with current studies employing functional imaging methods in Part II. Therapeutic approaches using humor, smiling and laughter, particularly with respect to neurological and psychiatric diseases – but also including other diseases – are discussed. Finally, a short synopsis of what is known about the neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter is presented.


We briefly report on our method [23] of simplifying the equations of motion of charged particles in an electromagnetic (EM) field that is the sum of a plane travelling wave and a static part; it is based on changes of the dependent variables and the independent one (light-like coordinate ξ instead of time t ). We sketch its application to a few cases of extreme laser-induced accelerations, both in vacuum and in plane problems at the vacuum-plasma interface, where we are able to reduce the system of the (Lorentz-Maxwell and continuity) partial differential equations into a family of decoupled systems of Hamilton equations in 1 dimension. Since Fourier analysis plays no role, the method can be applied to all kind of travelling waves, ranging from almost monochromatic to socalled "impulses".


Fluid transfer assembly for enabling the transfer of fluid in the infusion system, pharmaceutical containers and methods. It said assembly (100) includes a pharmaceutical container infusion fluid container including (102) (101); and a (103 203). Fluid container (101) to a pharmaceutical container having; (106 105) at least one inlet port for receiving; (204 104) medical substance from (103 203). The assembly, pharmaceutical container further including; (108 107) at least one fluid barrier controlling the passage of fluid between the (103 203) and Lia fluid container (101). The inlet port (105; 106), the first luer-lock connector; have (110 111), the pharmaceutical container (103; 203) the first luer-lock connector; second luer-lock connector for attachment to (110 111) It is sealed by; (212 112); (113 213) a cap having a. Fluid barrier (107, 109; 108) is designed to be broken by an external force so as to allow fluid to pass, are disposed.


The removal of microorganisms from domestic wastewater as it contacts the soil is an important consideration in land disposal systems. In this study, a field model was developed to investigate the removal efficiency of total coliforms from domestic wastewater by infiltration through porous media. The model consisted of an inlet chamber, a channel of 25 m long and an outlet chamber. The channel was sequencially filled with sand type I(deff:0.55 mm), sand type II(deff:3.25 mm) and with crushed stone (deff:10 mm). The coliform removal by infiltration through porous media was investigated with respect to service time and distance. The overall coliform removal achieved varied as 79%, 73% and 55.6% respectively for the three porous media of increasing effective grain sizes. Experimental data indicated that the removal efficiency depends basicly on the distance travelled and not on time. The reduction of coliform counts with distance was also defined by a first order reaction kinetics and the rate constants were...


As a part of detailed optimization studies on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) to be used in INO-ICAL experiment, the effect of geometrical artifacts like edge, corner, spacers on the device response should be investigated thoroughly. In this context, the electrostatic field within an RPC has been computed following Finite Element Method and Boundary Element Method to study the effect of these artifacts on the field map. The weighting field distribution for the given geometry has also been evaluated which is necessary for simulating the device signal. A unified model to calculate both physical and weighting field within RPC has been proposed and tested for its validity.


This study presents timely, reliable and sensitive method for identification of pathogenic bacteria in clinical samples based on a combination of capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In this respect, a part of single-piece fused silica capillary was etched with supercritical water with the aim of using it for static or dynamic cell-surface adhesion from tens of L-sample volumes. The conditions for this procedure were optimized. Adhered cells of Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant) and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were desorbed and pre-concentrated from the rough part of the capillary surface using transient isotachophoretic stacking from a high conductivity model matrix. The charged cells were swept and separated again in micellar electrokinetic chromatography using non-ionogenic surfactant. Static adhesion of the cells onto the roughened part of the capillary is certainly volumetric limited. Dynamic adhesion allows concentration of bacteria from 100 L- volumes of physiological saline solution, bovine serum, or human blood with the limits of detection 1.8×102, 1.7×103, and 1.0×103 cells mL-1, respectively. The limits of detection were the same for all three examined bacterial strains. The recovery of the method was about 83 % and it was independent on the sample matrix. Combination of CE with MALDI-TOF MS required at least 4×103 cells mL-1 to obtain reliable results. The calibration plots were linear (R2 = 0.99) and the relative standard deviations of the peak area were at most 2.2 %. The adhered bacteria, either individual or in a mixture, were on-line analyzed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and then collected from the capillary and off-line analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry without interfering matrix components.


Simple Summary In this original article, we aimed to describe the immense influence of an augmented metabolic risk profile, such as the case of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, on the evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, with a focus on the cardiovascular abnormalities encountered in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. We demonstrated that during the recovery from COVID-19, the above-mentioned pathologies, associated with an increased inflammatory burden, favor the development of various cardiac alterations—which are diagnosable by transthoracic echocardiography—in previously healthy individuals. At the 3- and 6-month follow-up, we observed that the echocardiographic parameters characterizing the left and right ventricular function, as well as the increased pressure in the pulmonary artery, had improved, which was not the case for diastolic dysfunction (mostly of type 3). These cardiac pathologies, such as the altered systolic and diastolic functions and/or the presence of pulmonary hypertension, could explain—at least partially—the development of long COVID-19 syndrome. Therefore, besides the usual post-COVID-19 assessments, patients with an increased metabolic risk profile should be supplementarily evaluated by a cardiologist, including by a comprehensive echocardiography, both during the acute infection as well as in the recovery period. Abstract (1) Background: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, it became obvious that individuals suffering with obesity, diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MS) frequently developed persisting cardiovascular complications, which were partially able to explain the onset of the long-COVID-19 syndrome. (2) Methods: Our aim was to document, by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), the presence of cardiac alterations in 112 patients suffering from post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and T2DM, MS, and/or obesity, in comparison to 91 individuals without metabolic dysfunctions (MD); (3) Results: in patients with MD, TTE borderline/abnormal left (LVF) and/or right ventricular function (RVF), alongside diastolic dysfunction (DD), were more frequently evidenced, when compared to controls (p ˂ 0.001). Statistically significant associations between TTE parameters and the number of factors defining MS, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the number of persisting symptoms (p ˂ 0.001) were noted. Significant predictive values for the initial C-reactive protein and TyG index levels, both for the initial and the 6-month follow-up levels of these TTE abnormalities (p ˂ 0.001), were highlighted by means of a multivariate regression analysis. (4) Conclusions: in diabetic patients with MS and/or obesity with comorbid post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, a comprehensive TTE delineates various cardiovascular alterations, when compared with controls. After 6 months, LVF and RVF appeared to normalize, however, the DD—although somewhat improved—did persist in approximately a quarter of patients with MD, possibly due to chronic myocardial changes.


Range-gated active imaging is a prominent technique for night vision, remote sensing or vision through obstacles (fog, smoke, camouflage netting…). Furthermore, range-gated imaging not only informs on the scene reflectance but also on the range for each pixel. In this paper, we discuss 3D imaging methods for underwater imaging applications. In this situation, it is particularly difficult to stabilize the imaging platform and these 3D reconstruction algorithms suffer from the motion between the different images in the recorded sequence. To overcome this drawback, we investigated a new method based on a combination between image registration by homography and 3D scene reconstruction through tomography or two-image technique. After stabilisation, the 3D reconstruction is achieved by using the two upper-mentioned techniques. In the different experimental examples given in this paper, a centimetric resolution could be achieved.


Abstract : Groups of naive and experienced subjects were given a series of aural irrigations under various conditions. Variables manipulated included instructions designed to alert or relax the subjects, fixation distance, and illumination vs. total darkness. The alert condition produced nystagmus of greater amplitude and longer duration and yielded a smoother graphed function than the reverie condition. Near fixation (30.5 cm) yielded greater response than ceiling fixation, and two subjects showed no observable reaction to the latter condition. These findings are of importance in clinical situations and in theoretical formulations of vestibular functioning. Instructions which influence arousal and visual fixation distance should not be matters of inadvertent variation in clinical examination procedures. (Author)


Using the core-first growth strategy, we have synthesized a tris-Ni(II) initiator which bears three initiating sites for the ensuing polymerization of N-1-phenethyl-N′-methylcarbodiimide. The arms of these star polymers bearing chiral side chains adopt single-handed helical rod-like conformations. The polymerization occurs in a controlled, living fashion, and this multiarm architecture imparts a new set of intriguing properties including their self-assembly into diverse nanostructures when cast from different solvents. These assemblies, characterized by AFM, TEM, and DLS, include the formation of nanofiber networks and twisted superhelical nanostructures. Interestingly, by processing these polymers via electrospraying method, hollow and uniform platelet-like particles were obtained. These solvent-dependent morphologies of microparticles were observed by using SEM. The kinetic studies of polymerizations, inspection of self-aggregation behaviors, and electrosprayed architectures will open up possibilities f...


An enclosed inductively coupled plasma (EICP) discharge is simulated with argon and neon, and the thermodynamic and fluid flow fields are calculated for a sealed discharge. The influence of discharge container geometry and generator power and frequency are examined. Similarities between the model discharges reflect the thermodynamic and transport properties of argon and neon. Neon model discharges are found to be more stable than their argon counterparts. They exhibit higher maximum temperatures and lower wall temperatures than argon at similar operating frequencies. The velocities in the neon discharge simulation are higher than in an equivalent argon discharge.


Isostasy is a simple concept, yet it has long perplexed students of geology and geophysics. This fully updated edition provides the tools to better understand this concept using a simplified mathematical treatment, numerous geological examples, and an extensive bibliography. It starts by tracing the ideas behind local and regional models of isostasy before describing the theoretical background, the observational evidence. It now also includes an exploration of the role of flexure in landscape evolution and dynamic topography and discussions of lithosphere memory, inheritance, and new NASA mission topography and gravity data. The book concludes with a discussion of flexure's role in understanding the evolution of the surface features of the Earth and its neighboring planets. Intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of geology and geophysics, it will also be of interest to researchers in gravity, geodesy, sedimentary basin formation, mountain building and planetary geology.


Automatic Speech Recognition System is based on the voice as the research area as a cross-disciplinary. Speech Recognition is the high-tech that allows the machine to turn the speech signal into the text through the process of identification and understanding and also make the function of natural voice communication. It has a very close relationship with acoustics, phonetics, linguistics, information theory, pattern recognition theory and neurobiology disciplinary. Over the past decades, a tremendous amount of research has been done on the use of machine learning for speech application area, especially speech recognition step. However, in the past few years, many research has developed on the deep learning approach for speech related application areas such as speech emotional recognition system, speaker recognition and motor sound classification system. Nowadays, this development of deep learning approach has yielded the better results when compared to the others various applications including speech. Deep learning algorithm have been mostly used to further enhance the capabilities of computers so that it understands what humans can do, which includes speech recognition. . Deep Learning classifier is used in many research areas of speech recognition system and speaker recognition system to improve the accuracy of the system. The extracted features and converted feature images are used as the input of the various Deep learning classifiers to get the higher accuracy for speech recognition system. This paper provides the various result based on the different analysis of different speech recognition process when deep learning become a new popular area of machine learning for speech applications. As the experimental results of the system, the various recognition results of different deep learning classifiers in the recognition step of the speech recognition system.


Subject of research: assessment and management of economic security of regional foreign trade flows of regions of Ukraine. Methodology: during the research, statistical analysis and analytical analysis (in the study of the main aspects of the formation of foreign trade flows of the region) are used. Mathematical modelling in economics (when creating a model of the two-dimensional normal distribution of regional foreign trade streams) and methods of analysis for risk assessment, conditioned by the formalization of the uncertainty of the operation of regional foreign trade operations are also used. The purpose of scientific research: mathematical modelling in economics in the management of economic security of export-import flows of regions of Ukraine; analysis of the structure of regional foreign trade flows in Ukraine and their respective risks; creation of the field of economic security of foreign trade flows of the region. The conclusion of the research: the study of limits and quantitative analysis of the risk of regional foreign trade flows in some regions of Ukraine is reduced to the creation of the area of crossing the main splicing ellipses of two-dimensional normal laws of export-import flows of these regions. After that, it will be possible to make a comparative assessment of the competitiveness and economic security of the regions. The purpose of the article is to develop an economic-mathematical model of quantitative risk analysis and to find appropriate boundaries of foreign trade flows of the region, which allows setting the thresholds of regional exportimport operations for optimal management of the process of foreign trade flows of the region. The foreign trade flows of Ivano-Frankivsk, Mykolaiv, and Kherson regions of Ukraine based on a two-dimensional normal distribution are modelled. Areas of threshold values of indicators of foreign trade flows of regions from the point of view of economic risk are defined, which, in contrast to existing one-dimensional approaches, takes into account elements of the interconnection of foreign trade flows of the region. The methodical conditions for constructing split ellipses of foreign trade flows of the region for comparative estimation of the risk of competitiveness and economic security of the regions are developed. This will make possible to conduct a systematic analysis of the region's economic development and to take measures both at the local level and at the state level in order to neutralize a number of threats to its economic security.


The principle of equivalence postulating that an acceleration is indistinguishable from gravity by any experiment, is valid within families of particles having the same gravitational to inertial mass ratio $m_g/m_i$. Presently experimental observations indicate that we live in a universe with one single family for which $m_g/m_i=1$, but if we consider the imaginary case of a universe with several particle families having different $m_g/m_i$, the principle of equivalence would still apply to each one of them. On the basis of this generalized formulation of the equivalence principle, which becomes relative to sets of particles, and that we designate as the \textit{single-particle equivalence principle}, one demonstrates that inertial frames can also be implemented for sets of electrically charged particles, with the same charge-to-mass ratio $q/m$, accelerating in homogeneous electric and / or magnetic fields (by analogy with the case of particles in free fall in a homogeneous gravitational field). Experimental evidences in support of the proposed extension of the principle of equivalence to electric fields are presented. These consist in the Witteborn-Fairbank experiment which revealed that electrons do not fall in the Earth gravitational field, and the well know fact that electric charges do not radiate either when in free fall in a homogeneous gravitational field, or when being accelerated by a homogeneous electric field. The London moment in rotating superconductors is also supporting the proposed extension of the equivalence principle. Prospects for the future exploration of the consequences of the proposed theoretical scheme to unify electromagnetism with gravitation in the paradigm of curved space-time, are also briefly suggested.


This paper reports on the electrochemical properties of lanthanum nitride with calcium nitride added. The lanthanum nitride was obtained by nitriding metallic lanthanum at 870 K in an ammonia stream. The product contained Cl, Pr, Nd, Sm, Fe, Ca, Cu, Mo, Mg, Al, Si, and Be. The calcium nitride was obtained by nitriding metallic calcium in a nitrogen stream. The conductivity on the LaN/C/sub 3/N/sub 2/ system components are shown as a function of temperature. A table shows the solid solutions to be virtually electronic conductors and the lanthanum nitride a mixed conductor.


An analysis of the East Coast Low (ECL) that affected the eastern coast of Australia between 20 and 23 April 2015 is presented, to get a better understanding of the dynamics of the storm as well as its predictability. For this, an ensemble consisting of 24 high-resolution simulations conducted using the ACCESS model is used. The simulated ensemble-mean forecast rainfall is in good agreement with the observed rainfall and identifies Dungog as the area of highest risk of extreme rainfall. A subset of ensemble members shows very little rain in the Dungog area; instead the high rainfall is located further south or east, indicating that a larger part of the coast was at some risk of significant rain. Ensemble member comparisons show that the strongest surface winds and highest rainfall occur to the south of the main surface low, while the strengthening of an upper-troposphere northwesterly jet and the associated cut-off low occur west of the surface low. However, small synopticscale differences between members produce large differences in the location and strength of nearsurface extreme winds and highest rainfall, which develop in response to the same dynamic processes in each member. The analysis also showed that the thermal advection rainfall diagnostic is applicable to high-resolution data and could be used for analysing ECL development.


The discussion of the early Christian prepositional formulae has an impressive Scandinavian tradition. One of the most influential publications to the topic is Harald Riesenfelds article in Kittels theological dictionary. The phrase dying for someone has been scrutinized by scholars of the New Testament. The chapter discuss Philos exposition of Deuteronomy is of particular interest for the question of the backdrop of the formulae in early Christian tradition. It illustrates, by comparing the Hebrew original and the Greek translation, the use of the παραδιδ ναι terminology in the LXX translation of Isa 53:6,12 itself is the result of the influence of the Greek tradition of delivering someone to a hostile force on the translator of the book of Isaiah. There can be little doubt that the Gospel uses the Greek notion of dying for to give meaning to the death of the Johannine Jesus.Keywords: Christian formula; dying for someone; Harald Riesenfeld; Isaiah; New Testament; Philo


Fall accidents are significant threats to the health and life of older people. When a millimetre-wave (mmWave) frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is used for fall detection, the selected features for further classification can determine the detection performance. In this paper, a line kernel convolutional neural network (LKCNN) is proposed to process the baseband data directly to detect fall motions. This method utilizes the characteristic of a convolutional neural network (CNN) that it can learn to extract useful features during the training process. A data sample generation method is also proposed to generate multiple samples for the training process by utilizing the multiple receiving channels and sufficiently small pulse repetition time (PRT). The experiment results show that the proposed method can detect fall motions with high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity with fewer network parameters and less computation cost, which is meaningful in realizing an all-time indoor fall detection system.


1-Carbethoxy-4-cyano-4-phenylpiperidine was synthesized as an intermediate for the preparation of meperidine. The intermediate product, in good yield, was obtained by selective carbanion formation of bis(β-chloroethyl)amine using dimethyl sulfoxide.


A layer of TiO₂thin film less than ∼200nm in thickness, as a blocking layer, was deposited by 13.56 ㎒ radio frequency magnetron sputtering method directly onto the anode electrode to be isolated from the electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). This is to prevent the electrons from back-transferring from the electrode to the electrolyte (I?/I₃?). The presented DSCs were fabricated with working electrode of F:SnO₂(FTO) glass coated with blocking TiO₂ layer, dye-attached nanoporous TiO₂ layer, gel electrolyte and counter electrode of Pt-deposited FTO glass. The effects of blocking layer were studied with respect to impedance and conversion efficiency of the cells. The ,electrochemical impedances of DSCs using this electrode were R₁: 13.9, R2: 15.0, R₃: 10.9 and Rh: 82Ω. The R₂ impedance related by electron movement from nanoporous TiO₂ to TCO showed lower than that of normal DSCs. The photo-conversion efficiency of prepared DSCs was 5.97% (V oc : 0.75V, J sc : 10.5 ㎃/㎠, ff: 0.75) and approximately 1% higher than general DSCs sample.


Double auction markets have consistently been shown to realize almost full efficiency and prices very near the theoretical prediction. Research typically focuses on the performance of the double auction in single market environments. However, real economic activity is coordinated across multiple markets, a far more complex task. This paper uses experimental methods to examine the double auction's performance in a circular flow economy where two markets are operating simultaneously. The results show that the double auction succeeds in achieving a high level of efficiency even though prices remain considerably more volatile than typical single market settings. JEL Classification: C92; D44; D51; E00


The "double-minority'' label has created certain challenges for the woman-of-color historian which has had an undeniable impact on her role in the academy as a scholar, teacher and colleague. While this discussion addresses some of the pressing issues surrounding the preparation, hiring and retention of women-of-color faculty, it is not a canvass of all of them, nor does it originate from a dehberate, systematic compilation of documentary information. Rather, it is derived from personal and impressionistic sources, informal surveys of students and faculty, and varying evidence of recruitment strategies and priorities. Some of the most significant problems women-of-color faculty face center on popular perceptions of them as double-minority professionals. For scholars, the indictment begins early. I do not recall, for example, the number of times I was informed that I would have no problem finding a job once I had completed my graduate studies, regardless of my qualifications, because I was an African-American female, a "double minority." Suddenly, or so my colleagues would have me believe, to be black and female no longer meant having two strikes against me. As far as they were concerned, it meant my automatic success on the job market. Even then I was struck by the great irony this situation presented. While I endeavored to work as hard as possible in order to eliminate racist and sexist obstacles that were obvious to me, others, who did not face these same road blocks, angrily assumed that I was less capable or less diligent than they, but would acquire greater rewards. Bigotry again had raised its ugly head in the minds of supposed friends and foe alike. These haunting scenarios from graduate school still come to mind because the specter of the "double minority," and the debilitating problems which accompany it, follow women-of-color historians into and, I daresay, throughout our professional careers. Thus, while in the last several years the numbers of bright, energetic, well-trained historians, who also happen to be women of color, entering the professional world of academia has increased, many still face profound obstacles for successful integration into university departments. Behefs and fears about the "double minority" are due in large measure to the degree of tokenism in which elite universities invest when choosing women of color as graduate students and as faculty. Our small numbers, coupled with the great attention the even smaller amount of available affirmative action positions has received, produce an


The ribonucleoprotein particles were isolated from livers of rats fed basal and 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) diets, from DAB-induced primary tumors and from Novikoff hepatoma. The results showed that the protein and ribonucleic acid contents of the ribosomal fraction decreased equally in both basal- and DAB-fed rats after seven weeks of feeding, and returned to normal levels after 23 weeks. The levels of these components were slightly higher in the primary and transplanted tumors.

The level of ribonuclease activity decreased in both the basal- and DAB-fed rats for 7 weeks. Though the RNase activity returned to a normal level in the basal diet-fed rats, a progressive decrease was observed in the DAB-fed rats. No activity could be detected after 23 weeks of DAB feeding. A total loss in the enzymatic activity was also noticed in the ribonucleoprotein particles isolated from DAB-induced and transplanted tumors.


Gas chromatography analysis of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) pupae and fourth instar larvae revealed a compound which was not present in other larval stages. Squashed pupae were repellent to conspecific larvae and ants (Lasius niger (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)), whereas second and third instars were not. Hexane extracts of pupae were repellent to conspecific larvae and L. niger, but extracts of second and third instars were not. The biologically active chemical was isolated from pupae and fourth instars and was found to be repellent to conspecific larvae and L. niger. The possibility that pupae and fourth instars may use a combined chemical and mechanical defensive strategy to avoid predation and cannibalism is discussed.


A general design procedure for small arrays of waveguide-fed slots is presented.The approach used in earlier design procedures, where each slot is represented by an equivalent circuit, is replaced by a more general approach in which one works directly with the integral equations that describe the array performance.


Illegitimate tasks are a relatively new stressor concept, referring to tasks that an employee cannot appropriately expect to carry out. This study tested the hypothesis that illegitimate tasks predicted recovery, mediated by feelings of resentment. The hypothesis was confirmed in a longitudinal study with three waves of measurement.