Interpersonal communication of badminton coaches has a role in growing the confidence of women's doubles athletes to increase motivation in training activities. Because during training activities, women's doubles athletes experience a decrease in confidence during the COVID-19 pandemic which has an impact on physical condition and performance. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research using McClelland's theory of motivation. The data collection of this research was collected by interview, informants were five badminton coaches and five women's doubles athletes at the Djarum Badminton Association Jakarta. The results of this study indicate that interpersonal communication used by coaches and women's doubles athletes can prove that interpersonal communication can be used to convey messages with the occurrence of proximity to get the results directly. In accordance with McClelland's motivational theory, the need for achievement provides a strategy regarding mastery of playing techniques during training activities as an understanding of achieving achievements and athlete benchmarks so that relationships can be established, affiliation plays a role in growing the athlete's social spirit as self-confidence that is intertwined by increasing motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic. 19, the power of fostering women's doubles athletes to have a leadership spirit and responsibility for their own personality.


For the major coastal storms of 1986 and 1997 (NSW) and 1996 (QLD), measured subaerial beach change was modelled quite well with SBEACH. Despite this good agreement, statistical beach erosion data (if available) is a valuable cross check on the results obtained from models. With time-dependent and/or process based models, storm duration is of similar importance to wave height, as the duration of major storms is shorter than the time required for an equilibrium profile to develop. The higher storm erosion volumes measured in eastern Australia compared with the US east coast and the Netherlands can be explained by the intermediate beach state modally prevailing in eastern Australia. That is, the average profile seaward of the modal surf zone is far steeper than the equilibrium which a fully dissipative profile would reach - the sand supply to flatten this steep portion during major storms comes from the subaerial beach. Continued collection of statistical field data is important to validate future advances in erosion models.


This paper reviews the profound eect of P. Ya. Kochina's ideas about free boundary problems on modern science, industry and mathematics.


SummaryIn a 5-year experiment in the Hula Valley six irrigation treatments were given to replenish the soil water of the 0-60 or 0-120 cm layer whenever a predetermined level of available water was reached. The highest yields and greatest fruit sizes were obtained from a treatment involving irrigation to 60 cm from 10th June to 10th August whenever the 0-60 cm layer reached 40% available water, and during the rest of the season when it reached wilting point. During these two periods the moisture content of the 60-120 cm layer was kept above 80% and 60% respectively. During the final year the yield obtained from this treatment (124 tons per ha,-with an average fruit diameter of 6.22 cm) was about 30% higher than in a treatment copying commercial practice in the area. Analysis of water use efficiency showed that this former treatment produced comparatively more fruit as well as more roots and shoots per mm of water consumed. It was suggested that the smaller fruit size obtained in other treatments was a res...


The distinctive vegetation of some anthills in chalk grasslands is shown diagrammatically, and some differences between the soils of anthills and those of the surrounding grasslands are discussed. The termite mounds of the tropics also have soils differing from those of the grasslands in which they are built; some harvester termites destroy areas of pasture: and the large mounds of fungus-eating termites hinder mechanical cultivation. Temperate and tropical pastures benefit from control of ants and termites.


In a service oriented environment such as the realm of document services, the conventional notion is that of a multi-function device interacting individually with customer applications and the service-provider's offerings. Counter to this view, the key emerging idea is that of a network of Multi-Function Devices1(MFD) providing service as a collaborative system. This idea enables the service provider to define additional services over the collection of devices. By assuming a multi-agent perspective of this service-oriented environment, we propose an autonomic mechanism through which the collection of devices can self-organize. The self-organization is carried out in two steps - firstly, the devices assemble themselves in to a meaningful structure and subsequently configure themselves by assuming suitable roles in the distributed multi-agent system. Upon self-organization, devices may exhibit better immunity to information load and failures, consequently becoming a survivable network of devices.


Pouring is an important process in the production of solid propellant rocket engines, and usually, the cost of a solid propellant rocket engine is extremely high. Therefore, pouring production with high reliability is very important. The pouring of three engines of solid propellant rocket engines simultaneously can greatly improve its production efficiency. However, it makes the system more complex and redundant. For a multi-state system, it is difficult to make an accurate evaluation of system reliability. Aiming at the redundancy of multiple engines and acousto-optic combined control in the three-engine simultaneously slurry pouring alarm control system with dissimilar redundant alarm units, a reliability analysis method is proposed based on the combination of Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The control system is divided into several redundant states according to the alarm function, and then the Bayesian Networks method is used for reliability evaluation and calculation. Finally, the reliabilities of systems with dissimilar redundancy degrees are obtained. The tangible results of this research work are as follows: (1) The research results obtained by applying the FMEA method laid a foundation for the establishment of a fault trees model for analyzing the reliability of the control system using the FTA method, in addition, which can guide the maintenance and fault identification of the control system during engineering application. (2) The calculated value of the reliability of the control system is 0.999989, and the mean time between failures is MTBF is 5 × 104 by using the fault tree analysis method, which proves that the designed three-engine simultaneous pouring system is very reliable. (3) Based on the calculation and comparison of the Bayesian Networks of redundant three-engine pouring control systems, the circuit diagram of the improved control system is identified.


Our project aims to explore a dataset that logs students' behaviors in solving mathematics exercises that are hosted on the Khan Academy 1 platform. We aim to pinpoint the significant factors (out of a pool of given factors) that suggestively predict students' engagement with solving problems and their learning gains, and to investigate the accuracy between several classical machine learning techniques in predicting students' performance.


The authors present a review of the etiopathogenesis of erectile dysfunction, which arises after treatment for prostatic heteroplasia. They attentively analyse the various clinical possibilities: the clinically localised tumour treated surgically by retropubic or perineal approach or treated by external conformational radiotherapy or through brachytherapy. Considerations are made on how adjuvant treatment for positive margins after radical prostatectomy affect sexual potency and lastly the effect that metastasis has on erectile activity and on patient libido. Therapies are proposed for each clinical situation, which take into account the physical-psychical integrity of the sexual sphere of the patient while observing the priority of treatment for controlling the tumour.


We introduce"$t$-LC triangulated manifolds"as those triangulations obtainable from a tree of $d$-simplices by recursively identifying two boundary $(d-1)$-faces whose intersection has dimension at least $d-t-1$. The $t$-LC notion interpolates between the class of LC manifolds introduced by Durhuus--Jonsson (corresponding to the case $t=1$), and the class of all manifolds (case $t=d$). Benedetti--Ziegler proved that there are at most $2^{d^2 \, N}$ triangulated $1$-LC $d$-manifolds with $N$ facets. Here we prove that there are at most $2^{\frac{d^3}{2}N}$ triangulated $2$-LC $d$-manifolds with $N$ facets. This extends to all dimensions an intuition by Mogami for $d=3$. We also introduce"$t$-constructible complexes", interpolating between constructible complexes (the case $t=1$) and all complexes (case $t=d$). We show that all $t$-constructible pseudomanifolds are $t$-LC, and that all $t$-constructible complexes have (homotopical) depth larger than $d-t$. This extends the famous result by Hochster that constructible complexes are (homotopy) Cohen--Macaulay.


Photosynthetic O2-evolution patterns were determined in cells of Chlorella vulgaris 211 - 11 h, grown under air enriched with 2% CO2 (High CO2- cells) and under ordinary air (Low CO2-cells). Oxygen evolution in these algae was measured as consequence of short saturating light flashes with the three electrode system according to Schmid and Thibault, Z. Naturforsch. 34c, 414 (1979). It was shown that Low CO2-cells had the usual Joliot-Kok pattern of O2 evolution whereas High CO2-cells exhibited a more reduced pattern characterized by the fact that maximal flash yield was observed under the 4th flash and that damping due to misses was more important than in Low CO2-cells. Moreover, the amplitudes of the amperometric signals in High CO2-cells were consistently lower. The observations clearly speak in favor of a more reduced condition of the S-state system, when the cells are grown under high CO2. This was confirmed by the fact that higher concentrations of hydroxylamine had to be added to bring Low CO2-cells into the maximally reduced condition namely S-2, than was the case with High CO2-cells. Our observations suggest that the redox condition of the S-state system of photosystem II in Chlorella vulgaris is affected either by changes of CO2 concentrations during algal growth or that the S-state system is only maintained in the 4 state Kok condition when the enzyme carbonic anhydrase is present.


This study aims to determine how much the state entomologist in this case the density of vectors of dengue (Aedes sp. larvae) Perkamil In the village of Manado City. This type of research is observational (survey). Data were collected in January 2011 by using a single method in each larva 15 houses located at the site of dengue fever cases in Perkamil Village in 2010. Each location in the buffer DBD with a radius of 100 meters from the homes of cases and selected 15 homes to be sampled.Implementation of the survey using the larval form of detention entomology equipment, pipettes, flashlight and GPS. From each sample point coordinates taken home and then checked kebrdaan larvae in each container that contains water inside and outside the home. On each container that was found larval tail of larvae taken by detention or using a pipette using mouth if the container is small, after the larvae entered into the bottle labeledand check the type of species by using light microscopy. Research shows the magnitude of House Index (HI) 48.61%, larva-free rate (ABJ) 51.39), Container Index (CI) 23.33% and Breteau Index (BI) 107.8. From the number of positive containers larvae, bath / WC is the type most often found in larvae of container from 29.64%.


HRM is the process of managing people of an orgqnization with a human approach. Human resources approach ti man power enables the manager to view the people as an important resource. Mizoram Synod has 18 Boards Committees/Departments to handle and manage different works of the Synod. Interview and questionnaire method were made use of; where the main objective of this study is to evaluate the various Human Resource Management practices carried out by the Mizoram Synod. There are 32 respondents where 17 are male and 15 are female comprising mainly of the age group 30-40 years. Among the respondents, majority of them are Graduates having 5-10 years of working experience in the Mizoram Synod. Majority of the respondents didi not receive regular training and thus feel the need for training. Most of the employees are not satisfied with the training procedure they had received and are not satisfied with the time duration of the training so provided and rate their training system 'below average'.


Originally the only surface data assimilated in the Met Office global forecasting system were pressure and marine winds but now most temperatures, humidities and land winds are also used. Adjustments for differences between station and model height are essential for pressure and temperature; new height adjustments for humidity and wind were introduced. These changes brought the global and regional forecasting systems much closer in their use of surface data and forecast performance for surface variables. Winds from islands and headlands not resolved in the forecast model and tropical land winds are excluded. Extra reports (notably Metars) have been introduced into the system.


Patients with irritable bowel syndrome suffer from chronic visceral pain (CVP) and limited analgesic therapeutic options are currently available. We have shown that α‐conotoxin Vc1.1 induced activation of GABAB receptors on the peripheral endings of colonic afferents and reduced nociceptive signalling from the viscera. However, the analgesic efficacy of more stable, cyclized versions of Vc1.1 on CVP remains to be determined.


the budgeting process at your institution is working well, you are fortunate. Budgeting at too many colleges and universities amounts to muddling through from one year to the -next. This is a poor way to function in good economic times, and it can be fatal to an institution in bad ones. Few higher education leaders are genuinely satisfied with their institution's budget process, and many are frustrated that major questions of long-term importance to the future of the institution are inadequately addressed. Dedicated faculty, administrators, presidents, and trustees lament lost opportunities as valuable time and energy are consumed by a process that often seems to achieve nothing other than extending the status quo.


Globalization and international trade have increased the number of international commercial arbitrations where the investor and state instrumentality are parties and bilateral investment treaties (BITs) between countries exist. Many of these arbitrations arise out of bilateral or multilateral investment treaties (MITs) and are resolved under the ICSID convention. A significant number arise as a result of disputes in infrastructure projects which have been funded by development banks. In such position, these cases may be resolved by ICC rules and it will be conducted in the same way as arbitrations between individuals. In addition, numerous countries adapt privatization policies which aim to transfer its public companies sector activities and functions to the private sector. This is done to encourage foreign investment. In that case, the state can waive its immunity by a concession agreement or by an arbitration clause. But in the same time they still control those entities. These policies lead to several changes which make it inflexible to conclude if the entities are independent according to its legal principle or are owned by the state. Moreover, the state may be entitled to claim under the sovereignty immunity principle against recognition and enforcement of the award. The purpose of this paper is to focus and highlight the issues in the area of sovereign, immunity and state-owned commercial entities in investor-state arbitration. One of the questions I hope to raise through this study is whether state sovereignty may affect the arbitration award. Another important question is whether there are several methods to determine if the state entities are truly independent under the constitutional principle of separation of powers or in reality they are under government control. Consequently, the state might be liable for the conduct of its instrumentality. As a result, whether a State is seeking immunity from jurisdiction or from execution against State-owned property, the State and its wholly owned or controlled entities are considered to be functionally the same. So, the activities of State enterprises are considered to be carried out by the State in its exercise of sovereign authority.


Objective To explore the new path of porto-systemic shunt. Methods Forty four normal adult livers were chosen; ligamentum venosum and ligamentum teres hepatis were anatomized, observed and measured. Results The ligamentum venosum lie in the fissure for ligamentum venosum, connected between the left branch of portal vein and inferior vena cava,and about 4.09±0.61cm in length .The ligamentum teres hepatis links between umbilicus and left branch of portal vein, and its inner and outer segments of liver are 14.51±3.44cm and 5.75±0.99cm in length respectively. There are residual cavity both in ligamentum venousumand ligamentum teres hepatis, especially their segments near the heart, 1.99±0.39cm and 2.91±0.62cm in length individual. The ligamentum venousum; ligamentum teres hepatis can be repassed with iron wire with 2mm in diameter.Conclusion If an incision is made at umbilical part, expanding and repassing ligamentum teres hepatis and ligamentum venousum to inferior vena cava,it is possible to establish the canal for porto-systemic shunt.


Quantum simulation has the potential to be an indispensable technique for the investigation of non-perturbative phenomena in strongly-interacting quantum field theories (QFTs). In the modern quantum era, with Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum~(NISQ) simulators widely available and larger-scale quantum machines on the horizon, it is natural to ask: what non-perturbative QFT problems can be solved with the existing quantum hardware? We show that existing noisy quantum machines can be used to analyze the energy spectrum of a large family of strongly-interacting 1+1D QFTs. The latter exhibit a wide-range of non-perturbative effects like `quark confinement' and `false vacuum decay' which are typically associated with higher-dimensional QFTs of elementary particles. We perform quench experiments on IBM's ibmq_mumbai quantum simulator to compute the energy spectrum of 1+1D quantum Ising model with a longitudinal field. The latter model is particularly interesting due to the formation of mesonic bound states arising from a confining potential for the Ising domain-walls, reminiscent of t'Hooft's model of two-dimensional quantum chromodynamics. Our results demonstrate that digital quantum simulation in the NISQ era has the potential to be a viable alternative to numerical techniques such as density matrix renormalization group or the truncated conformal space methods for analyzing QFTs.


Premise of research. Despite recent progress on the systematics of the Leguminosae, the relationships between some genera, as well as their circumscriptions, remain uncertain. Here we investigate the relationships between Stryphnodendron and closely related genera in the Piptadenia group, a clade of problematic taxonomy for which a robust phylogenetic hypothesis is still lacking. Methodology. Taxonomic sampling included 23 species of Stryphnodendron (77% of the genus) and representatives of genera of the Piptadenia group. DNA (matK/trnK, trnD-trnT, trnL-trnF, and ITS) sequences constituting a data set with 6798 bp and 94 terminals were used in parsimony and Bayesian analyses. A set of 17 morphological characters were optimized on the estimated phylogeny to evaluate clade synapomorphies and character evolution. Pivotal results. Our increased molecular and taxonomic sampling improved the resolution of a previously largely unresolved clade that included Microlobius, Parapiptadenia, Pityrocarpa, Pseudopiptadenia, and Stryphnodendron. Major lineages within this clade are an early-diverging clade containing the sister genera Parapiptadenia and Pseudopiptadenia; the genus Pityrocarpa, with Pseudopiptadenia brenanii nested within it; and a Stryphnodendron clade including the monospecific genus Microlobius. Samples of Stryphnodendron grouped into three strongly supported clades: a group of seven species bearing large leaflets and relatively few pairs of pinnae, sister to Microlobius foetidus; a clade containing samples of Stryphnodendron duckeanum; and a large and poorly resolved clade containing the remaining species of Stryphnodendron, including species with small leaflets and higher number of pinnae and highly specialized dwarf subshrubs adapted to savanna fire regimes. Lack of resolution within this clade suggests rapid and recent diversification in both savannas and rain forests in the Neotropics. Conclusions. Our findings highlight the importance of densely sampled phylogenies to rigorously test the monophyly of genera. Key morphological characters are proposed to assist generic delimitations in the Piptadenia group. New taxonomic rearrangements are needed in order to accommodate the results presented here.


When optimal routing is resolved with original ant colony algorithms,the search speeds are getting slower and slower and it is easy to cause the problem of local optimization as the nodes are added.To deal with this problem,an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed,which increases the search speed and accuracy by introducing search direction guidance information and search hot section information.Simulated experiments show that the improved ant colony algorithm has higher speed and accuracy and is easier to get global optimal routing than the traditional ones.


Aimed at the nonlinear and non-stationary signals, a method of time-frequency analysis which is called HHT based on Empirical Mode Decomposition is introduced. This method makes any complicated set of data to be decomposed into a finite and often small number of Intrinsic Mode Functions through Empirical Mode Decomposition. So the instantaneous frequency defined by Hilbert transform has a meaning. The validity of the method is displayed through experiment. Then it is compared with the available time-frequency analysis methods. Finally, the related problems in this field that need further study are stated.


The long-distance migration of immature neurons from the ventricular zone to the cortical region of the brain, where they organize into the six-layered structure of the cerebral cortex, is a crucial step during development of the central nervous system in mammals. Genetic lesions that disrupt neuronal migration and lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders underscore the complexity and importance of this process (Kato and Dobyns, 2003). Neuronal migration depends on tight control of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons. Therefore, it is of no surprise that mutations in cytoskeletal regulators, such as doublecortin (DCX), are among those that inhibit normal migration (Kato and Dobyns, 2003). DCX is a neuronal-specific modulator of the microtubule cytoskeleton, and mutations in the X-linked DCX gene give rise to type 1 lissencephaly (''smooth brain'') or a milder condition called subcortical laminar heterotrophy (Francis et al., 1999; Gleeson et al., 1999; Kato and Dobyns, 2003). Patients with these syndromes are characterized by an abnormally thick cerebral cortex lacking the normal folds (hence the alternative name double cortex syndrome) and are afflicted with severe mental retardation and epilepsy (Kato and Dobyns, 2003). While evidence pointing to a role for DCX in controlling neuronal microtubules is strong, the molecular mechanism that underlies DCX function is still a subject of intense investigation. A study by Bechstedt and Brouhard (2012), published in this issue of Developmental Cell, provides new insights into how DCX promotes the formation and stabilization of 13-protofilament microtubules that may have important implications for its role in neuronal migration. Neurons typically migrate by first extending a leading process in the direction of movement and then translocating the nucleus and cell body behind it (Figure 1A). These cellular movements rely on spatially and temporally controlled remodeling of the cytoskeleton (Conde and Cáceres, 2009). Existing evidence indicates that DCX may contribute to this control by modulating the microtubule cytoskeleton within the leading processes of migrating neuroblasts. DCX concentrates on microtubules within the leading process (Figure 1A), and loss of its function leads to excessive neurite branching, a problem indicative of defects in maintaining proper leading process morphology (Conde and Cáceres, 2009). Although a number of studies have addressed how DCX may be modifying the microtubule cytoskeleton to promote neuronal migration, this has not been an entirely straightforward question to answer. DCX is capable of binding, nucleating, bundling, and ''measuring the thickness'' of microtubules. The DCX protein directly interacts with microtubules via tandem globular domains called doublecortin domains. The majority of the missense mutations associated with lissencephaly, due to loss of DCX function, result in amino acid substitutions within the doublecortin domains, suggesting that interaction of DCX with microtubules is critical to its function during neuronal development (Kato and Dobyns, 2003). DCX has been proposed to function by stabilizing microtubules, possibly by crosslinking tubulin dimers within a single microtubule or by bundling multiple microtubules together (Conde and Cáceres, 2009; Moores et al., 2004). DCX also specifically promotes the formation of microtubules with a 13-protofilament composition, suggesting that the protein can somehow dictate or ''measure'' protofilament number (Moores et al., 2004). These data support the idea that DCX functions as a microtubule nucleator, which could be an important role given that microtubules in the leading process may be nucleated far from the centrosome, the major microtubule organizing center, and in a region that does not contain detectable g-tubulin, the canonical microtubule nucleator (Baas and Joshi, 1992). The question of how DCX, which does not form oligomers in solution, can templatemicrotubule growth and control protofilament number is an intriguing one, especially when considering that microtubules in cells predominantly contain 13-protofilaments, whereas those grown in vitro contain variable protofilament compositions. Recent structural studies suggest that this preference may be related to the unique DCX binding site at the vertex of four tubulin dimers, a region that will change dimensions depending on the thickness of the microtubule (Fourniol et al., 2010). Interestingly, this binding site is shared with proteins of the endbinding (EB) family, which have a high affinity for growing microtubule ends and can also promote the formation of 13protofilament microtubules (Maurer et al., 2012; Vitre et al., 2008). While DCX is clearly capable of modulating microtubules in a number of ways, the mechanisms it uses to carry out these functions remain unclear. To address how DCX functions at the molecular level, Bechstedt and Brouhard (2012) used high-resolution total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to


Objective:To study the incidences of pregnancy coexisted diseases,complication of delivery of elder primiparas.Methods:A retrospective study was used,including 95 elder primiparas and in the same time random sampling of their younger counterparts(control group) of this hospital during 2002.1~2006.12.Results:The incidence of coexisted diseases rate of complications of pregnancy,caesarean section and complications during delivery of the elder primiparas were much higher than those of the control group(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion:The incidence of pregnancy coexisted diseases,complications are much higher in elder primiparas.Hence,enhancement of perilabor monitoring,appropriate relax indications for caesarean section should be emphasized so as to achieve better results.


A network printer is assigned a buddy printer, whereby when the network printer is in a Not Ready to process new print jobs state, any print jobs received by the network printer are redirected to the buddy printer for execution. The current status of the buddy printer is determined by the network printer, whereby print jobs are redirected to the buddy printer only when the buddy printer is currently in the Ready state.


The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of teachers working at the Science and Art Center (BİLSEM) perceptions on 'distance education' via metaphors. For this reason, the present study was carried out with the phenomenology method. Judgmental sampling is a non-probability sampling technique in which the sample members are chosen only on the basis of the researcher's knowledge and judgment, so it is prefered to use in this study's sample. The study was conducted in the 2020-2021 academic year with the participation of teachers from different science and art center in Turkey. So, the study group of the research consists of ninety-seven (F=62, M=35, Total= 97) teachers from different branches working in various Science and Art Centers. To collect the data and In order to determine teacher perceptions the teachers of SAC were asked to complete this sentence: 'Distance education is like......because....'. Also, demographic information form developed by the researcher was used. Data was analysed by using content analysis technique one of the qualitative data analysis methods. In addition, metaphors written by teachers of SAC about distance education; branch, professional seniority, gender, age and education level etc. it was investigated whether it differentiates according to the variables. The teachers of SAC participating in this study produced 68 metaphors. There are four categories on metaphors for this study. Research results showing that metaphors produced by teachers may also be related to their thinking styles are discussed. On the other hand, it has been determined that the metaphors produced by teachers are different and the results are discussed in the light of the inferences.


INTRODUCTION: Natural polyssacharides, such as hyaluronic acid (HyA) have been widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Hya has multiple functional groups available for chemical conjugation that can convert HyA into nano-sized carriers. We prepared self-assembled HyA nanoparticles by two different chemical derivatization techniques and used two different molecular weights HyA. Our aim was to compare these two techniques and evaluate the influence of molecular weight in the properties of HyA nanoparticles.


The results of the distal resection of the pancreas in patients with recurrent cysts of corpocaudal localization are presented. Technical improvements of the operation reduced the frequency of postoperative pancreatitis and development of pancreonecrosis.


Aim: To evaluate microleakage of pit and fissure sealant after using four different pit and fissure preparation techniques. o C, for 500 cycles with dwell time of 30 seconds then stored in 0.9% normal saline. All teeth were sealed apically and coated within 1.5 mm of the sealant margin with 2 layers of nail varnish. The teeth were immersed in a 1% solution of methylene blue for 24 hours to allow dye penetration. Three buccolingual cuts parallel to the long axis of the teeth were made yielding 4 sections and 6 surfaces per tooth for analysis. The surfaces were scored 0 to 3 for extent of microleakage using a binocular microscope at 25x magnification. Results: There was no significant difference in microleakage between the four groups although the air abrasion and acid etching exhibited the least microleakage followed by enameloplasty and acid etching then the self etching adhesive system, and the highest microleakage was pumice and acid etching. Conclusions: Neither air abrasion and enameloplasty followed by acid etching nor the self etching adhesive system produced significantly less microleakage than the traditional pumice prophylaxis with acid etching technique.


The approval of Christian founding fathers for African enslavement may be the slave -trade and their active involvement in the trade has vast literatures. They were as beneficiaries of the trade and slave institutions as nations of Europe. What is of paramount concern to this work is the usefulness of African slaves to the missionaries in economic terms, and in the evangelization of Nigeria, in the ante and post abolition periods. This paper argues that African slaves before and after the abolition of slavery/slave-trade were baked into utility resource for European imperialism and proselytizers of Nigeria into Christianity. This development had far reaching consequences on westernization of black personality and image spiritually, socially and culturally. These combined in undermining African resistance to European exploitation, and paved unhindered road for European colonialism and imperialism. The methodology adopted for this work is unit analysis, using the historical method for its presentation.


There is increasing public health concern that levels of physical activity in children are extremely low. This study aimed to describe objectively levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour during the waking hours in a sample of 4-5 year old (median 5.4 years range 4.3, 6.0) rural Irish children (n=41) and to test for gender differences in patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. There were significant gender differences in physical activity (Boys (median) 834 accelerometer counts per minute (cpm), girls (median) 628cpm; p = 0.0015), sedentary behaviour (Boys 74% of waking time, girls 81% of waking time, p=0.0011) and moderate-vigorous physical activity (Boys 4% of waking time, girls 2% of waking time; p=0.0175). This study that suggests young rural Irish children lead sedentary lifestyles.


Objective Study the changes of the activity,that was of the large conductance of calcium-activated po- tassium channel(BKca)of the vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC)in the course of the atherosclerosis(AS).Methods The New Zealand rabbits in 3 months old were divided into two groups randomly:Experiment group(the group of AS)and control group(normal group),10 rabbits respectively.The experiment group were fed with the high fat fodder to make duplicate AS model,the control group were fed the ordinary fodder,and two groups had been fed for 8 weeks.Adopting the single channel Patch-Clamp technique recorded the BKca's current of the VSMC of chest aorta in two group rabbits.Results With the electric voltage and the Ca~(2+)'s concentration increasing,the channels' opening rate(Po)enlarged gradually.The AS group's Po was larger than the control group's.With 10~(-6)M Ca~(2+),the AS and the control group's times of the the Po were(68.9±34.4) times VS(126.4±70.6)times(P<0.05).Conclusion The Bkca's activity of the atherosclerotic VSMC showed to rise, and The BKca to the Ca~(2+)'s sensitivity lowered in AS group.


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Recently supplier selection has received great attention in supply chain management from the academic community.As for a typical multi-criteria decision,many researchers developed concrete solutions respectively based on the use of Saaty's analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method that is developed to assist in multi-criteria decision-making problems.In order to choose the best supplier and also decide the total ranking of the suppliers,this paper compares the weighted sum of the selection number of rank vote after determining the weights in a selected rank.The key problem is how to achieve each criteria weight,it herein introduces a new methodology which is known by the Voting Analytic Hierarchy Process(VAHP) to replace the use of paired comparison of the factors matrix in AHP method.In practice,this method is not only simple but also in favor of criteria systematism and score performance for suppliers.VAHP will provide a useful assistance for purchase managers,material administrators and researchers who concerned supplier selection issue.


Methadone is an opioid receptor agonist belonging to a third step of the analgesic ladder. Antagonism to NMDA receptors and inhibition of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake in the central nervous system distinguishes methadone from other strong opioids. Methadone is mainly used as a second-line treatment in strong opioids ineffectiveness and/or its side-effects. Opioid rotation to methadone and its small doses added to other strong opioids are the first-choice procedures in cases of opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. The case study presents a patient with strong neuropathic pain in the course of the oral cavity cancer, in whom methadone used in a daily dose of 15 mg improved analgesia and resulted in reduction of doses of previously used opioids and coanalgesics. Addition of methadone in small doses to previously used strong opioids can be a therapeutic option in patients with neuropathic pain resistant to standard therapy.


Night sleep symptoms and their relation with a number of psychic, social and somatic variables were investigated in 453 community dwelling elderly subjects. Multivariate statistics showed that: (a) age in the over 75 elderly is not a risk factor for a poor night sleep quality; b) women report worse sleep quality for the frequent co-existence of depression, anxiety, somatization, disability, loneliness; (c) education can modify the elderly's expectations about their own sleep quality.


Timber is one of engineering materials that behaves elasto-plastic property. However, the number of research that considers the elasto-plastic property of timber to analyse or to predict ultimate load of timber beam is limited. The application of perfectly elasto-plastic property for timber is proposed to predict the ultimate strength of solid and glulam beams. Three yield criteria for timber are introduced, i.e. yield criterion I, II and III. All criteria are developed based on orthotropic and microstructure property of timber. The existing criteria proposed by Tsai-Wu and Hill are also considered. These criteria were used to develop the theoretical model in order to predict the ultimate load of timber beams (solid and glulam). The ultimate loads predicted by perfectly elasto-plastic model (using yield criterion III) are in close agreement with experimental results. The predicted load-deflection curves using perfectly elasto-plastic model (using yield criterion III) is found to be approaching experimental load-deflection curves for most beams. Therefore this shows that the timber can be idealised as a perfectly elasto-plastic material. It can be concluded that the yield criterion III is the best criterion for solid and glulam timber beam. This new yield criterion is significant for development of theoretical model to predict ultimate load for timber beam.


Reporting verbs (RVs) are the key feature in academic writing that enables writers to attribute content to another source and allows them to convey both their reported research activities and their evaluation of the cited message. However, little research has been conducted on how they are employed by non-native English students. This paper, therefore, presents a study of RVs used in 24 TESOL Master's (M.A.) thesis Literature Review (LR) chapters written by Vietnamese students. Employing Hyland's (2002) classification of RVs in terms of their denotative and evaluative potentials, this study revealed that this group of Vietnamese writers tended to randomly use RVs without being aware of their rhetorical functions. Furthermore, mistakes and nonidiomatic expressions were also identified in this study. Regarding the evaluative potentials of RVs, and the tense and voice uses, these Vietnamese writers were likely to be unfamiliar with using RVs to achieve the communicative purposes of LR chapters. These findings suggest that explicit instructions should be provided to help novice writers effectively use RVs in their M.A. theses.


Brad Austin, in Democratic Sports, provides an examination of college sports and recreations during the Great Depression. The core of his research rests in his examination of five public universities—The Ohio State University, University of Maryland, University of Texas, University of California in Berkeley, and University of Tennessee. While these institutions, as well as other public universities he mentions throughout his text, provide a requisite geographic spread, the study is limited to what the impact of the Great Depression had on major public universities. Not addressed is what was occurring in the small private liberal arts colleges and the large heavily endowed private universities. Democratic Sports, which is derived from the author's dissertation, argues that the 1930s were challenging times for American universities and colleges, both economically and politically. The Depression severely impacted state support of universities, and radicals in and out of the university were questioning the country's democratic and capitalist system. In addition, universities and colleges were still trying to respond to the reforms demanded by the Carnegie Report of 1929, which had found intercollegiate athletics to be overly commercialized and corrupt and damaging to the educational mission. The leaders of the universities fought back by linking their sports programs with American values of democracy and capitalism. They "defended the established order and their position within it. They did so by expanding upon idealized images of competitive, democratic, and successful American athletes that they were producing as the future leaders of capitalism and the saviors of Western civilization" (90), thereby justifying to their state taxpayers their value in American society and to Carnegie Report critics their value in the educational mission. Eschewing a chronological approach or a schoolbyschool approach, Austin gives the history in six thematic chapters. In Chapter 1, he examines the overall finances of the universities during the Depression and shows in his sample of public universities that state support had severely dropped in all of them by the early 1930s and only began to increase in the late 1930s. New Deal money helped the budgets of many of the universities and colleges. In Chapter 2, Austin examines the athletic finances and shows how football revenues, although greatly reduced, sustained the universities' athletic budgets through the Depression. The need for football revenues during the straitened times was a huge factor in administrators justifying support for athletic programs. Most importantly, Austin reveals that, despite the severely tightened budgets, his sample universities managed throughout the Depression to maintain full or almost full support for both male and female sports. He recognizes, though, that some public universities and colleges were forced to cut some minor sports. In Chapter 3, the author looks at the "competitive democratic athletics" for men and how the values inculcated through their sports programs justified in the administrations their


medium-to-large effect sizes are observed for RFD when calculated for fixed time periods and eccentric RFD, whereas trivial-to-small effect sizes are observed for time to peak force and peak RFD, when these are calculated from the available data, using the method described by van Rhee et al. (11). Please see Table 1 for results that support this statement. Therefore, we suggest that the conclusion is revised to underpin that resistance training may in fact improve RFD during unloaded dynamic movements, at least for some RFD metrics. LASSE ISHØI MIKKEL BEK CLAUSEN PER AAGAARD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Orthopaedic Research Center—Copenhagen (SORC-C), Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Technology, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen, Denmark Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark


From dangerous to salacious, the medical profession's indiscretions have been repeatedly laid bare in this Annus horribilis. Wisheart, Dhasmana, Ledward, Walmsley, and others have been named and shamed. They are probably only the tip of the iceberg. Horror stories of medical incompetence, arrogance, and libidinousness have filled newspapers; broadsheets and tabloids have been united in their condemnation of a profession unable to regulate itself except when it's too late.


Objective: The aim of our study was to determine associations between the personal trait of patients and the night blood pressure (BP) level in untreated arterial hypertension (AH) patients. Design and method: We nalysed database of several studies (200 AH patients without serious concomitant diseases). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) (Spacelabs 90207) was performed after the washout period (3–7 days). After ABPM each patient completed the Russian version of the psychological questionnaire Minnesota Multiphasis Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the emotional intelligence questionnaire (EmIn, by Lyusin D.) (only 90 patients). We nalysed the following MMPI scales: L – lie scale, F – aggravation scale, K – correction scale, 1 (Hs) – hypochondria, 2 (D) – depression, 3 (Hy) – hysteria, 4 (Pd) – psychopathy, 6 (Pa) – rigidity of affect, 7 (Pt) – psychasthenia, 8 (Sc) – schrizothemia, 9 (Ma) – hypomania. We assessed the following EmIn scale scores: I - emotion self-awareness; II - management of one's own emotions; III - control of emotional expression; IV - understanding others' emotions; V- management of others' emotions. We used Pearson correlation coefficient ®. Results: The initial mean ambulatory daytime systolic BP (SBP) was 142.1 ± 14.2, diastolic (DBP) - 89.5 ± 10.1 mm Hg), age - 52,7 ± 12.2 years.(M ± SD). We found the following significant correlations: 1) 9 scale scores of MMPI (optimism, good mood, cheerfulness level) had negative relationships with the night DBP (r = -0,17, p < 0,05) and night SBP (r = -0,16, p < 0,05) levels; 2) IV scale scores of EmIn (understanding others' emotions) had relations with the night DBP (r = -0,28, p < 0,05) and night SBP (r = -0,30, p < 0,05) levels; 3) V scale scores of EmIn (management of others' emotions) had correlations with the night DBP (r = -0,26, p < 0,05) and night SBP (r = -0,26, p < 0,05) parameters. Optimism, cheerfulness, good mood (9 scale scores of MMPI) was associated with the night BP decrease, but intensification of the interpersonal emotional interactions (IV, V scale - management or understanding others' emotions) can lead to the night BP increase. Conclusions: Optimism, cheerfulness, good mood was related with the night BP decrease. But intensification of the interpersonal emotional interactions can lead to the night BP increase.


Objective The aim of our study was to analyse the frequency of β1 and/or β2 adrenergic receptor polymorphisms in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). Methods and resultsβ1 and/or β2 adrenergic receptor polymorphisms in 61 patients with TTC were compared with 109 controls. The β1 adrenoreceptor (amino acid position 389) genotype frequencies were signifi cantly diff erent in the two groups; assuming a recessive model for the allelic variant coding for Arg on this position, the odds ratio was 3.14, 95% CI 1.55-6.37 (P= 0.0015). The β2 adrenoreceptor amino acid position 27 genotype was signifi cantly diff erent and assuming a recessive model for the allelic variant coding for Gln on this position, the odds ratio was 0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.74 (P= 0.009). Conclusions This study showed for the fi rst time an association between TTC phenotype and β1 adrenoreceptor gene polymorphisms. Beta adrenoreceptors gene polymorphisms are probably disease modifi ers, and any risk estimate should be based on a combination of genotypes and on interactions with other genes and environmental features.


To alleviate the performance deterioration in the estimation of the number of sources with a low signal-to-noise ratio and/or secondary data deficient scenario,a new method based on the minimum redundancy fitting test is presented.The approach is performed in three stages.First,we employ a subspace tracking algorithm to calculate the one-dimensional noise subspace,and then a redundant array steer matrix is obtained based on the spatial spectrum which corresponds to the noise subspace.Redundant steer vectors are removed via minimum redundancy fitting and the number of sources is obtained.The effectiveness of the presented algorithm is verified by numerical simulation.


Sentiment analysis has been a significant topic in Natural Language Processing, human-computer interaction as well as emotion recognition technology. Exclamation, either complimentary or sarcastic, is a very typical sentence type to express strong emotions in everyday communication, social medias, customers' responses to products and services, cross-cultural communications as well as in security and forensics. Moreover, both types of exclamation can share the identical literal form but express distinctively opposite emotions or attitudes by means of linguistic contexts and intonation devices. However, there are very few studies on their subtle but unique speech features. To shed light on this demanding issue for sentiment analysis and human-computer reaction, the present study explores the two facets of exclamation in English in order to probe into the intonation patterns (tonality, tonicity and tone) and acoustic features (duration, pitch, and intensity) of sarcastic exclamation (SE) and complimentary exclamations (CE) in English. The findings reveal that both SE and CE share the similar tonality and tonicity patterns, but hugely differ in their tone patterns, and that they significantly distinguish from each other in three parameters of duration, two magnitudes of pitch and one scale of intensity.


BACKGROUND
The present study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of 1% melatonin gel plus platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and PRF alone in treatment of furcation defects, clinically and radiographically using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

METHODS
This split-mouth clinical trial included 23 patients with 46 bilateral Grade II furcation defects in 1st or 2nd maxillary or mandibular molars. Control group was treated with PRF alone while Test group with 1% melatonin gel and PRF. Clinical attachment level (CAL) and Horizontal probing depth (HPD) were primary outcome parameters while secondary outcome parameters were probing depth (PD) and defect volume (DV) assessed at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS
Significantly greater mean reduction of PD, HPD and CAL gain was observed in Test group (2.23 ± 0.41 mm, 2.36 ± 0.68 mm and 2.97 ± 0.62 mm respectively) in comparison with Control group (2.83 ± 0.78mm, 2.85 ± 0.67 mm and 3.21 ± 0.86 mm respectively) at 6 months. A significant reduction in the mean DV was exhibited radiographically in Test group (1.06 ± 0.5 mm3 ) as compared with Control group (3.94 ± 1.32 mm3 ) at the end of 6 months. Both the groups showed improvements in assessed parameters.

CONCLUSIONS
In Grade II furcation defects the combination therapy of 1% melatonin + PRF shows a statistically significant degree of bone fill within the periodontal tissues and also better results in terms of decrease in PD, HPD and a greater CAL gain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The paper deals with the historical development of municipal
government in the context of the development of public
administration as a whole during the First Czechoslovak
Republic, in which the Czech and Slovak nations functioned as
an independent state for the first time in history. It
discusses the historical consequences of this situation in
relation to current issues and problems affecting local
government in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The paper is
based on the concept of studying the history of contemporary
phenomena in terms of the territorial self-government of the
Czech and Slovak Republics with an emphasis on the economic
context of this issue. If the past is studied, it can be seen
that certain elements (the high fragmentation of
municipalities, redistribution of competences, municipal debts,
the problem of regulation, etc.) arising during the political
and administrative developments of the early 20th century are
still in existence at the present time, when the Czech Republic
and Slovakia are independent states as a result of the
dissolution of Czechoslovakia after the Velvet Revolution.


This paper uses the strategic dimensions concept and content analysis of nine key defence white papers published between 1957 and 2010 to assess which factors most influence declaratory policy. The paper also notes that the development of defence policy has been accompanied by the "muddling through" vs. decisive choice debate which reflects the tensions within policy between the thesis of strategy and the antithesis of fiscal parsimony. The paper maintains that defence policy is ultimately contingent upon external threats and it is these, rather than the desire to economise, which are the key policy drivers. It concludes that this extrinsic factor will determine the outcome of the next SDSR and though this is not necessarily incongruent with the desire to economise, events may prove otherwise.


In recent years it has become possible to extract non-trivial information from audio sources. One such task is to determine the intensity of conflicts arising in speech recordings, based solely on audio information sources. This intensity is expressed as a real number, therefore this task is essentially a regression one, the objective being to estimate a given numeric score. As the number of examples in these tasks are limited, a kNN-like solution may work well in these problems. Such an approach is the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) algorithm, which is also a suitable choice as it is computationally cheap. By applying this method on the conflict intensity estimation task using the SSPNet Conflict Corpus, we were able to reach the level of performance of baseline SVM.


orthodox ideologies of exclusion may often be the construction of alternative fictions of identity'' (113). That last sentence makes for a wonderful read. Anyone who loves good prose will enjoy this book, spiced with perky words like ''fungible,'' and ''pellucid,'' and compelling in its arguments, even in the few instances when they may seem somewhat over-drawn. Unfortunately, the press decided not to include any type of bibliography, so the reader must take recourse in the notes (end notes, alas), to fish for sources. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates familiar with the texts they treat, these chapters bring indispensable information to graduate students and their professors alike, in a study in perfect consonance with current critical discourse.


The Molodtsov-initiated soft set theory plays an important role as a powerful mathematical tool for handling uncertainty. As an extension of the soft set, the fuzzy soft set can be seen to be more generic and flexible than utilizing the soft set only that fails to represent problem parameters fuzziness. Through this progress, the fuzzy soft set theory cannot deal with decision-making problems involving multi-attribute sets, bipolarity, or some effective considered parameters. Therefore, the goal of this article is to adapt effectiveness and bipolarity concepts with the multi-fuzzy soft set of order n. One can see that this approach generates a novel, extended, effective decision-making environment that is more applicable than any previously introduced one. In addition, types, concepts, and operations of effective bipolar-valued multi-fuzzy soft sets of dimension n are provided, each with an example. Furthermore, properties like absorption, associative, distributive, commutative, and De Morgan's laws of those new sets are investigated. Moreover, a decision-making methodology under effective bipolar-valued multi-fuzzy soft settings is established. This technique facilitates reaching the final decision that this student is qualified to take a certain education level, or this patient is suffering from a certain disease, etc. In addition, a case study represented in a medical diagnosis example is discussed in detail to make the proposed algorithm clearer. Applying matrix techniques in this example as well as using MATLAB®, not only makes it easier and faster in doing calculations, but also gives more accurate, optimal, and effective decisions. Finally, the sensitivity analysis, as well as a comparison with the existing methods, are conducted in detail and are summarized in a chart to show the difference between them and the current one.


This article revises the status of a Colombian Callicore from the Choco region and precises its systematic position. It explains the mechanism from which the name aurantiaca (Oberthur, 1916) must be applied to it in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).


Purpose - This paper seeks to address the value relevance of summary accounting measures and fundamental income statement variables in the market valuation of biotech firms. Design/methodology/approach - A biotech firm's stock price was related to its underlying financial accounting variables. Using the Ohlson model, the linear function of book value and earnings was employed, and the basic model was augmented with additional accounting variables. These accounting variables may provide information relevant for forming an approximation on the present value of expected future abnormal earnings. Findings - Results show non-linearities in the pricing of accounting variables Both book value and earnings are value relevant, but positive earnings are positively priced while negative earnings are negatively priced. R&D spending and selling, general and administrative expenses are also priced as assets for loss-reporting firms, and as expenses for profit-reporting observations. Including analysts' forecasts of future earnings and long-term growth rate in the model results in an insignificant increase in the explanatory power of the regressions. Research limitations/implications - Future research could attempt to examine the role of non-financial variables which can proxy for the soft variables and intangibles like strategic alliances and product pipeline. Decomposing revenue into product sales, interest income and collaborative research revenue may further enhance our understanding on the determinants of the market value of biotech stocks. Originality/value - This paper provides insights into the valuation of biotechnology stocks. Results show non-linearities in the pricing of summary accounting measures and fundamental income statement variables.


Scheduling production of steel is very complex because there are many different types of intricate constraints. This paper proposes a method using priced timed automata(PTA). PTA is the formal description method and it describes the behavior of entities, attributes and constraints. Furthermore, it adds some appropriate guidance to reduce the state space. This method converts the scheduling problem into state reachability analysis. Based on this method, we use price element to minimize the production cost. Keywords-priced timed automata; steel production, cost-optimal; UPPAAL CORA.