In 1993, South Africa adopted a transitional or interim Constitution (also referred to as the "IC"), enshrining a non-racial, multiparty democracy, based on respect for universal rights.' This uras a monumental achievement considering the complex and often horrific history of the Republic and the increasing racial, ethnic and religious tensions worldwide.2 A new society, however, could not be created by


In this paper the characteristics of the experimental catchment of Torre Marimon (CETM) are defined (including the edaphic cartography). Next the authors analyze sorne results obtained: hydric balance, soil erosion in relation to the soil uses, effects of agricultural technics in relation to the organic matter contents and the availability of nutrients. The catchment has funtioned since 1993.


Currently, little attention was paid to the tourism's CO2 emission (CE) at province level. Thus, taking Hainan as a case, we computed this province's CE, and analyzed the relationship between Hainan's tourism economy and its CE, and the drivers of the CE. The results showed that Hainan's tourism CE increased rapidly from 99.88×104 t in 2001 to 475.07×104 t in 2015. Particularly, Tourism transport always accounted for the largest proportion of tourism CE (more than 74%). Moreover, Hainan presented a holistic weak decoupling (0.68) during 2001-2015. But the decoupling rate was only 57.14%. Thus, Hainan still has much potential to improve the energy-use efficiency of tourism industry for accelerating the decoupling process. In addition, the effect of population was the dominant driver to promote Hainan's tourism CE followed by expenditure size effect with the contribution rates of 132.52% and 11.78%, respectively. Whereas energy intensity effect played the most primary role in inhibiting CE followed by industrial structure effect, and their contribution rates were -38.65% and -5.58%, respectively. Last, based on these results above, some reasonable countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.


There are benefits to visualizing and exploring scientific data in immersive display systems. Interactive data analytics further exploit these benefits. Direct interaction techniques enable scientists to leverage their visual-cognitive skills for identifying and selecting visually rendered data. However, fatigue, data density, rendering, and visual encoding issues may result in reduced usage of immersive scientific visualizations. In this paper, we present algorithmic details of a novel volume selection interaction, implementation details, and discuss use case scenario. Our technique seeks to improve usage of immersive visualizations for scientific discovery and insight.


Background : Refraction anomaly or ametrop is a light focusing disorder of eye, which consist of myopia, hypermetrop and astigmatism. Refraction anomaly prevalence is increasing every year. This condition is triggered by early detection by sophisticated medical and visual technologies; and people lifestyle. The purpose of this research was to know incomplete corrected refraction anomaly cases in Dr. Kariadi Hospital in January 1st 2002 – December 31st 2003 periods and which age groups have the largest incomplete corrected refraction anomaly cases.
Objective : The purpose of this research was to know incomplete corrected refraction anomaly cases in Dr. Kariadi Hospital january 1st 2002 – december 31st 2003 period and age group which has the largest incomplete corrected refraction anomaly case.
Method : This research was an observational descriptive research with cross sectional study. Subject was selected based on medical record January 1st 2002-Decenber 31st 2003 period. The inclusive criterias were: suffers an incomplete corrected refraction anomaly, treated in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, recorded in Dr. Kariadi Hospital January 1st 2002-Decenber 31st 2003 period and age 5 – 40 years old.
Result: There are 325 cases of incomplete corrected refraction anomaly case from 1333 refraction anomaly cases in 2002-2003.
Conclusion: The largest incomplete corrected refraction anomaly cases are myopia with 58, 15% percentage. Most of incomplete corrected myopia cases don't have complete explanation about another disorder which accompanies it.
Keywords : incomplete corrected refraction anomaly, prevalence, myopia


Our image of the global system shapes our assessment of the possibilities for
meaningful action in fundamental ways. For much of the post-war period, the
dominant image has been of a world divided into separate, formally equal, sovereign
nation-states. This image of the global system envisages politics as occurring within
states because it is only there where the full range of social relations exists between
individuals constituted as a demos. By contrast, international politics taken literally is
an oxymoron, since the absence of a global demos means that individuals can only
relate to each other in power terms, as bearers of their state's sovereignty and
'national interest'.


Rodrı́guez-López et al. investigated cardiac morphology and function in 126 fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and 64 appropriate-for-gestational-age controls. In each fetus, they performed more than 20 different cardiac measurements. Then, using principal component analysis, they reduced these to two independent measurements (left-ventricular (LV) sphericity index and LV wall thickness) that explained most of the variability in the cohort. Subsequently, using cluster analysis, the IUGR cases were divided into subgroups based on combinations of LV sphericity and wall thickness. The authors identified three common cardiac phenotypes: slightly increased ventricular sphericity and slightly thicker cardiac walls ('elongated' hearts); considerably decreased ventricular sphericity ('globular' hearts); and considerably increased cardiac wall thickness ('hypertrophic' hearts). The latter phenotype was seen more often in severe cases with concomitant pre-eclampsia and earlier gestational age at delivery (i.e. clinical 'early-onset' IUGR). Elongated and globular hearts, on the other hand, were seen in milder 'late-onset' IUGR. Postnatal follow-up at 6 months of age showed that the infants in all three cardiac groups had increased aortic intima–media thickness and blood pressure when compared with controls. This study supports our current understanding of the pathophysiology of IUGR: the apparent dissociation between sphericity and wall thickness suggests that the cardiac hypertrophy seen in early-onset IUGR is a result of increased afterload, whereas the more globular heart shape in late-onset IUGR seems to be in compensation for a decreased nutrient supply (as a more globular heart can maintain cardiac output with less myocardial deformation), independent of an afterload problem. This fits with the clinical picture, in which early-onset IUGR presents with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler and placental histological anomalies (resulting in high afterload), whereas in late-onset IUGR, histological placental anomalies and severely abnormal umbilical flow are far less common. In contrast with previous studies, however1, these data show that IUGR infants already have early risk factors for adult cardiovascular disease at 6 months of age (increased intima–media thickness and blood pressure), irrespective of the severity and timing of onset of the IUGR. Until now, our understanding of the Barker hypothesis was that these changes appear only later in life and are mediated by catch-up growth, obesity and the metabolic syndrome2, thereby leaving a window of opportunity for prevention. If the present findings are confirmed, such an opportunity may be non-existent. Confirmation of the findings of this study is needed. Indeed, some methodological concerns may have influenced the results:


A 43-year-old woman presented with a long history of increasing dyspnea upon exertion. Examination revealed a diastolic aortic murmur and a blood pressure of 150/75 mmHg. The patient had undergone several transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examinations in the last 5 years; all had revealed only moderate aortic regurgitation. Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (Figs. 1 and and2),2), and real-time 3-dimensional TEE with use of a Philips iE33 system and X7-2t TEE matrix transducer (Philips Electronics N.V.; Best, The Netherlands), showed a quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) associated with moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation (Figs. 3 and and4).4). Left ventricular size and function were preserved. Computed tomography revealed a hypoplastic left brachiocephalic vein. The patient declined further evaluation for surgery.

Fig. 1 Transesophageal echocardiogram (2-dimensional short-axis view) shows an aortic valve with 4 cusps.

Fig. 2 Transesophageal echocardiogram (2-dimensional short-axis view) shows the quadricuspid aortic valve. At right, color flow indicates aortic regurgitation.

Fig. 3 Transesophageal echocardiograms (3-dimensional short-axis views) show the A) closed and B) open quadricuspid aortic valve. Real-time motion image is available at www.texasheart.org/journal.

Fig. 4 Transesophageal echocardiogram (3-dimensional view with color flow) shows the quadricuspid aortic valve.


Abstract In the paper the locomotion of snake robot is introduced considering locomotion in straight and curved pipe. For the straight pipe locomotion was designed traveling wave locomotion pattern with sine-like wave which expands from rear of the robot to its front. For the locomotion in curved pipe was designed approach which is based on inverse kinematic model including besides primary task also secondary tasks, namely kinematic singularities avoidance task, obstacle avoidance task and joint limit avoidance task. For final inverse kinematic model was used approach of weight matrices by which can be stated the priorities of particular tasks. Both case studies were tested by experimental snake robot in order to verify introduced methodology for locomotion in the straight and curved pipe.


The article presents an interview with Vernon L. Smith, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. Smith discusses his belief that behavioral and experimental economics are complementary. He comments upon optimal bidding behavior in auctions as revealed by some of his earlier work. In his view asset bubbles can be modeled, but not fully explained. He believes that an important contributor to a bubble in U.S. housing prices was a 1997 change in tax law that allowed people to retain up to $500,000 in capital gains tax-free on the sale of a home.


Information-centric networking (ICN) is a future Internet architecture that makes it possible to effectively use various in-network functions, such as cache storage, computing resources and multi-path. However, applications need to be carefully designed in order to fully gain the benefits of these functions. This paper presents a 360-degree panoramic live video streaming application as an example of an application design suitable for in-network functions, especially cache storage. The key ideas are content sharing by video frame tiling and load balancing by transcoding. The implementation based on the application design shows the benefits and the problems of these features. Additionally, this paper discusses problems that remain to be resolved.


Forty patients with endoscopically proved active peptic ulcer (25 duodenal and 15 gastric) were selected randomly. Twenty patients treated with famotidine 20 mg bid, while the another 20 patients treated with cimetidine 400 mg bid. Cimetidine was used as control. After a course of treatment (6 wk) all patients were re-examined endoscopically. Peptic ulcer were healed in 18 out of 20 patients (90 %) treated with famotidine and 13 out of 20 patients (65 %) treated with cimetidine. The difference was statistically significant (P0.01). Epigastric pain was relieved in famotidine group after 7 d treatment. Adverse reactions were rare in this group.


Objective To evaluate right ventricular function by single cardiac cycle real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in adult patients with atrial septal defect(ASD) before and after transcatheter closure in order to assess the utility of standard two-dimensional parameters.Methods Thirty-five ASD patients and 32 healthy controls received single cardiac cycle real-time three-dimensional echocardiography before and 6 months after transcatheter closure.Results Three-dimensional right ventricular ejection fraction,three-dimensional right ventricular end diastolic volume,three-dimensional right ventricular end systolic volume,right ventricular end diastolic area,right ventricular end systolic area and right ventricular fractional area change were significantly higher in ASD group than those in control group before closure(P0.05),and were lower 6 months after closure than those before closure(P0.05).Conclusion Single cardiac cycle real-time three-dimensional echocardiography imaging gives useful insights in the quantitative assessment of right ventricular function in ASD patients before and after closure.


Stress is an emergent occupational problem in the modern society. Contending with stressful situations in the workplace is a common occurrence for all employees in manufacturing company. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of job stress among production operators at one of manufacturing company in Gelang Patah, Johor. The study also attempted to determine if there were any significant in the respondent's level of job stress when the independent variables are work load, work environment, co-worker relationship and social support. A total of 100 production operators participated in this survey. The findings of this study showed that work load and work environment does significantly influence on job stress while co-worker relationship and social support does not significantly influence on job stress.


In this paper we describe the Salieri System, an interactive software environment for structure oriented composition, manipulation, and analysis of music. The system is built on the newly developed Salieri Language, a universal programming language based on a hierarchical model of formal music representation, combining features of traditional functional and procedural programming languages with powerful concepts for manipulating musical material. The basic musical data types of Salieri are built on GUIDO Music Notation, a novel approach for adequately representing score-level music. Extensions of the core Salieri System realise real-time functionality and a graphic user interface builder (VISCO).


The current situation and problems existing in the construction of green university in China are analyzed.Some basic aspects of the construction of green university in China are discussed,which are the concepts,duty,and the developing strategy in the future.


One of t he many ways t he h i g h s p e e d computer i s u s e f u l t o l i n g u i s t i c r e s e a r c h e r s i s f o r t h e e v a l u a t i o n of g e n e r a t i v e grammars. S e v e r a l p r o ~ s ~ i n g sys t ems f o r t h i s purpose have been d e s c r i b e d i n the l i t e r a t u r e . 1 , 2 , 3 , ~ A t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l g e n e r a t i v e grammar c o n s i s t s o f a s y n t a c t i c component, a p h o n o l o g i c a l component and a s eman t i c component. Th i s p a p e r i s concerned s o l e l y w i t h t he p h o n o l o g i c a l component. While t h i s component i s a dependent p a r t o f t h e e n t i r e grammar, sys t ems of p h o n o l o g i c a l r u l e s f o r s p e c i f i c l a n guages , i.e, the phonological components of the graEmars of th~se languages, have been separately presented by Chomsk~ and Halle 5, Kuroda , Schaohter and Fromkin 7 and others. The Sound Pattern of English 5 (hereafter, ~PE) includes the 'formalism used for presenting phonological rules and the schemata that represent them, and the interpretation of this formaliam'° (p° 390) This formal description is taken as the basis for the rule structures d/acussed in this paper.


Fifty-five Patients at < 36 weeks' gestation with severe toxemia were treated conservatively. The pregnancies were continued for mean duration of 19.2 days and the mean gestation at delivery was 35.2 weeds, Fifty-three percent of the deliveries were by cesarean section. Of the neonates, 56.5% showed severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), 17% had asphyxia neonatorum, and 13.2% developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There were 3 stillbirths and 2 neonatal deaths for a mortality rate of 8.9% and a corrected rate of7.1%


For some types of items that are to be manufactured, both cancellation of production and obsolescence of the product are important considerations. If a schedule that calls for too rapid a production of the item is used, a large loss excess tooling costs, etc. occurs when the manufacturing is cancelled prematurely. Conversely, if too slow a production schedule is used, a large loss in over-all product worth can arise because of the obsolescence, or nearness to obsolescence, of a substantial amount of the product. Thus selection of a suitable production schedule represents a compromise between the risk of cancellation and obsolescence. This note presents a method for deciding which schedule, among a given group of schedules, is preferable for the production of an item of the type considered.


In this paper, a fuzzy-controlled genetic-based optimization technique for optimal vibration control of cylindrical shell structures incorporating piezoelectric sensor/actuators (S/As) is proposed. The geometric design variables of the piezoelectric patches, including the placement and sizing of the piezoelectric S/As, are processed using fuzzy set theory. The criterion based on the maximization of energy dissipation is adopted for the geometric optimization. A fuzzy-rule-based system (FRBS) representing expert knowledge and experience is incorporated in a modified genetic algorithm (GA) to control its search process. A fuzzy logic integrated GA is then developed and implemented. The results of three numerical examples, which include a simply supported plate, a simply supported cylindrical shell, and a clamped simply supported plate, provide some meaningful and heuristic conclusions for practical design. The results also show that the proposed fuzzy-controlled GA approach is more effective and efficient than the pure GA method.


Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic has been running for ten years. This paper summarizes the achievements accomplished since Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic built. It also analyzes the present opportunities and challenges in the specialty construction. Finally, it puts forward some countermeasures of the specialty construction development.


Objective Find out the problem and the root of the problem about urban residents income and expenditure during the period of "11 th five-year plan" in our country,clear the correlation between care-seeking behavior and income- consumer.Methods On the relevance of the residents' income and consumer spending,and analyze the mutual influence by using the method of canonical correlation analysis,and then give the typical variable regression equation of our country residents income and consumption expenditure.Results Regression fitting coefficient is 0.1934,that is to say,urban residents consumer spending 91.34% of comprehensive income variable changes.Conclusion Residents income variables each additional one RMB will make comprehensive variables increase consumer spending 0.3178 RMB at the same time health seeking needs will be increased.


Electrolyte is important for long-life aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) and dendrite-free Zn anode. Here, we report a low-cost eutectic electrolyte composed of acetate and urea that expands the electrochemical...


Abstract Geosteering programs used in unconventional reservoirs typically are restricted to using basic natural gamma-ray tools. Although that approach might be effective, it does not mean that all unconventional reservoirs are amenable to the same approach. A reservoir in the South Central Oklahoma Oil Province is examined to determine what kind of geosteering program can add value, with tool-selection criteria being developed in consideration of the reservoir character. Analysis of the usefulness of gamma-ray, resistivity, neutron, density and sonic tools can result in notes on operational effectiveness and impact in terms of planning a geosteering program. Pilot-log petrophysical models can be created and examined for different tool configurations and styles to assist in program design. Examples illustrate the variability in tool design and impact on planning. The results demonstrate that an integrated approach to program design and tool selection that involves geologic, petrophysical, and geomechanica...


William Kessen, long a voice for the role of history and culture in the study of children, once wryly observed that for all the obvious importance of a comparative theory of childhood and child learning, the rest of psychology and developmentalists by and large do not appear to be rushing out to defend conventional methods and approaches against cultural theories and comparative and historical data [Kessen, 1993]. The same for multiple methods: If ethnography seems so clearly to be among the most important methods in the study of human development, it nonetheless remains only occasionally, albeit increasingly, visible in most developmental research [Weisner, 1996]. It does not yet go without saying that an account of children and parenting in a journal would include some ethnographic case material for framing the context, use activity settings, include culturally rich descriptive information, and show understanding of the values and goals driving parenting and developmental pathways for children and child outcomes. In his foreward, Robert LeVine comments on the narrowness of establishment, individualistic developmental research. In contrast, he commends the authors and editors of this collection which '... suggests what the study of childhood might look like as a social science' [p. ix]. The authors of Children's Engagement in the World understand that children are engaged actors in a sociocultural world, and so recognize that the appropriate unit of analysis for studying children is the activity setting – the everyday cultural practices that a child engages, while bathed in language and meanings and actions. The goals of parents, their values about care and family, and cultural ecology are


The invention provides a fuel cell system and a vehicle equipped with fuel cell. The fuel cell system used in a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell includes: a fuel cell; a fuel gas supply portion which supplies a fuel gas to the fuel cell; a fuel gas discharge portion which discharges exhaust fuel gas from the fuel cell; and a control unit, in which, when an operation of the fuel cell is ended, the control unit performs (a) an exhaust process of discharging the exhaust fuel gas of the fuel cell to reduce a pressure, and (b) a process of increasing a partial pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel cell by supplying the fuel gas to the fuel cell after the exhaust process.


Science and technology development causes a lot of changes in any fields including the form of popular games among the Junior and Senior High School students in Indonesia. The traditional games that are famous formerly have been replaced by the modern games like online video game. This article discusses the cause and effect of the online video game playing on the Junior and Senior High Schools students in Malang. This study reveal that students play video games online due to peers pressure; and online video games are liked because they are considered more modern, practical, realistic and varied. Initially, students play online video games to relieve the fatigue due to studying at school, but subsequently, they are becoming addicted, and reach a condition that they find it difficult to stop playing games. This condition will directly affect their achievement in school.


A study in a mouse model of chemical-induced bladder cancer shows different cells of origin for different histopathologiocal types of urothelial carcinoma.


The Reason for the declining of Liangzhu Culture has always been a hot issue a well as an important subject for the study of the origin of Chinese Civilization. This paper took sociological and historical perspectives, analyzed early and middle Liangzhu culture, concluded whose fall should be a embodiment of "Growing Holdback"——the developed theocratic system.


U heparinized saline (HS) flush to keep intravenous (IV) locks patent has been common practice in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) for many years; however, little research has been conducted that examines the efficacy and safety of this practice in neonates. Using a descriptive comparative design, researchers investigated duration of patency, clotting, and adverse events using HS versus normal saline (NS) flush in a sample of 72 infants admitted to a level III NICU. Additionally, an educational intervention was conducted to inform 40 NICU staff about HS, and preand post-test differences in levels of knowledge were measured among the participants. Controlling for birthweight, postconception age, and location of IV, statistically significant differences were found in IV patency, with NS-flushed catheters averaging 13 hours longer than those flushed with HS. No adverse events were observed in either the HS or NS group. Statistically significant increases in NICU staff knowledge of HS scores were demonstrated. These findings add support to the evidence that using NS to maintain IV access in neonates is safe and effective, and avoids HS exposure in these vulnerable infants. Furthermore, this study supports the use of an educational intervention to facilitate change in practice.


Background: Post burn neck contractures not only affect the movements of the neck, but also can affect the function of the lower face as well as result in possible tracheal alteration and distortion of the cervical spine. As these contractures cause major functional and cosmetic problems with resultant economic and psychosocial implications, operative correction is generally recommended, particularly in children in whom they can cause growth imbalance in the head and neck area. Aim: To determine and recommend the ideal skin cover for the post burn scar contracture release defects with regard to both functional and cosmetic outcome. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed as having post burn scar contracture of neck by clinical examination, were taken up for the study. Results: In our study, contracture release followed by skin grafting was done in 28(70%) patients, contracture release and flap cover and multiple z plasty in 6 (15%) each. 11 patients (27%) felt good, and 3 patients (11%) felt excellent on cosmetic appearance. Conclusion: TYPE A contracture, release and flap cover with supraclavicular flap is highly recommended and should be the first choice. For TYPE B contracture, Supraclavicular flap is not sufficient and has to substituted with a skin grafting. For TYPE C scar, release and skin cover with grafting is the ideal choice provided, proper post op care such as immobilization, positioning and splinting and compression therapy are followed up.


The development of commodity-off-the-shelf computer hardware components has allowed for the trend in high performance computing away from computer-system vendor proprietary hardware. A Beowulf computer system is a high performance computer assembled from commodity-off-the-shelf hardware and uses application programming interface libraries and open source operating systems to create a unified computing environment. In this paper, a Beowulf computer system is described and a performance benchmarking exercise is presented. The simulation is a benchmark problem relevant to hydrocode simulations and specifically simulates the high-speed impact and penetration of a long rod. Through this simulation study and a comparison to similar simulations performed on other computer systems, the price/performance advantage of a Beowulf system is demonstrated.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


limited knowledge of the amount spent by church and private charities, especially by the women's societies that were flourishing at the time. The next, and shortest, chapter examines mostly unsuccessful social reform and state intervention attempts between the late 1880s and World War I. According to social reformers in Budapest, all the experiments only made clear the "inadequacy of Hungarian social policy" (68). At this point Zimmermann turns her attention to the developing welfare state, going back to the first provisions in 1848. In this major chapter, Zimmermann analyzes the different and differentiating measures (according to type of work and personal characteristics of the worker) to protect labor, particularly children, women, and juveniles, and the introduction of social insurance (accident, health). The contemporary laissez-faire spirit meant that Hungary did not develop a comprehensive legal system of protection or welfare. Nevertheless, some international trends influenced the thinking, and at times even the policies, of social reformers in this part of Europe. Hungarian state social policy was a field in which isolated, sometimes very specific laws and measures were introduced: one example was the 1911 ban on using white and yellow phosphorus for the production of matches, in effect in 1913, following the International (Berne) Convention of 1906. The author describes various new laws in the field of social insurance and discusses their application. She mentions a few heated debates in the media and in parliament that narrowly focused on alleged inefficiencies of the new administrations and laws, such as rising costs, "corruption," and conflicts between the different agencies, like the self-governed social insurances and the State Bureau of Workers' Insurance. In the context of the "minimalist nature" of Hungarian poverty policies, the limits of the slowly evolving welfare system were obvious: most of the poor were excluded and had therefore not the slightest chance of becoming part of the radically and rapidly changing nation of 18 million people. Zimmerman states that "social disintegration [was] a prominent socio-economic feature . . . at the time" (3). This study makes an important contribution to our understanding of power relations in Hungarian society before World War I. Zimmermann hopes that the volume will provide the basis for specialists in the social and welfare policies of other regions to engage in comparative research. Despite its brevity, with a text of only 154 pages, this book is a focused, rich, thorough study of different aspects of poverty policies and the evolution of the Hungarian welfare state. It offers a decidedly critical view of the elites of that period, who "succeeded in avoiding responsibility for a significant part of the social costs of industrialization" (25).


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing briquette using sewage sludge is provided to cost-effectively generate regenerated fuel based on organic wastes such as the sewage sludge. CONSTITUTION: Sewage sludge is dehydrated and dried. The dried sewage sludge is carbonated to obtain sludge carbide. A combustible gas is generated from a sludge carbide generating process. The combustible gas cooling process and a toxic material eliminating process are further implemented. Mixed fuel coal is generated by mixing sludge carbide, anthracite coal, and charcoal. The briquette is obtained using the mixed fuel coal. In the mixed fuel coal, 70-90 weight% of anthracite coal and 5-15 weight% of charcoal.


Before television was established in Germany, cinema newsreels were the only medium that provided audio-visual news. Due to the weekly format, it was impossible to be up-to-date, but reports had to be interesting and attractive. Thus, their aim was partially entertainment. Although exclusive stories and curiosities were important, some aspects were omitted from the screen, including murder, cruelties, major accidents, or diseases. Using specific examples, this paper will outline the design and structure of reports in East and West German newsreels and the ways in which they differed in presenting the two German states. Consistent with the principles of 'New Film History', this paper will use a variety of archive materials to explain the deeper meaning of newsreel films and why they are in the sense of the 'Visual History' approach important for the social and cultural memory of nations.


The invention discloses a chopped inorganic fiber-reinforced thermal insulation plate which is prepared by the following steps: with chopped inorganic fiber as a reinforcing phase, adding one or more thermal insulation fillers, and adding an organic bonding agent and an additive at a proper proportion; and performing mixing, forming and thermal treatment. The chopped inorganic fiber-reinforced thermal insulation plate is characterized by consisting of the following components in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of chopped inorganic fiber, 60-90 parts of thermal insulation filler, 1-10 parts of an organic bonding agent and 5-20 parts of an additive. The chopped inorganic fiber-reinforced thermal insulation plate disclosed by the invention has excellent thermal insulation property while the production process is simple, the operation is convenient and the cost is low.


Objectives: We investigated the inhibitory effect of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor, on the reductive metabolism of metyrapone (MP) in an invitro study, and the effect of the co-administration of GA on the pharmacokinetics of MP and its metabolites in rats. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the metabolic activities of MP in the liver and testis and the plasma concentrations of MP and its metabolites after MP with or without a GA dose to rats. Results: GA strongly inhibited the reduction of MP to metyrapol (MPOL) in the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of both the tissues in a dose-dependent manner. When GA was co-administrated, the plasma levels of MPOL and MPOL N-oxide II (MPOL NOII) were lower than those of MP alone, while the levels of MP and MP NOII were higher than those of MP alone. Conclusion: The invitro GA inhibition suggests that the reduction of MP in the rat liver and testis is catalyzed by 11β-HSD1. The coadministration of GA modulated the plasma pharmacokinetics of MP, MPOL, MP NOII and MPOL NOII, suggesting that the changes in the pharmacokinetics were caused by the inhibition of 11β-HSD1 invivo.


In May 2004, turnover on the interbank lending and bond market fell to a record low. Interest rates for lending and repo fluctuated slightly. The supply of funds was tightened. Bond market moved upward. Outright repo was officially launched this month, indicating the official introduction of shortselling mechanism on the interbank bond market.


Fungi diseases are major diseases of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin)
in the major growing areas of the crop in Cameroon. This study was conducted
between March and June in the cropping seasons of 2019 and 2020 to determine
the effect of some cultural strategies viz.:
tillage and no till, variation of sowing date and removal of diseased leaves on
the incidence and severity of leaf spot disease caused by Phoma sorghina. There were four
sowing dates, and two tillage systems with no variation in planting distance in
the two cropping seasons. The design used was Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) with three replications. There were three plots for each sowing date
within each replication. Seeds were sown at the rate of 1 m × 1 m, with four
seeds per experimental unit. Data for disease incidence and severity was
recorded every fortnight, commencing three weeks after emergence (WAE) and for
a period of eight weeks for each sowing date. Disease incidence and severity was
determined using Microsoft Excel 2010 and the data was subjected to statistical
analysis and the means separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 95%
confidence interval. In addition, the relationship between disease incidence
and disease severity was also determined using Pearson correlation. Analysis of
variance showed that there was no significant difference in leaf spot disease
incidence at till and no-till units within this study period irrespective of
sowing date. However, significant differences in leaf spot disease incidence
and severity was recorded between the two cropping seasons. Sowing date four
recorded the highest disease severity (1.611 ± 0.73) compared to sowing date
two and three which was significant but comparable to sowing date one. The
lowest disease severity (1.257 ± 0.697) was documented at sowing date two
compared to sowing date one and four but comparable to sowing date three. Pearson
correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant positive correlation
(+0.560) between leaf spot disease incidence and severity which was
statistically significant at α = 0.01
(p In
order to enhance production of Telfairia
occidentalis leaves with reduced disease incidence and severity, sowing
dates two and three (first and second weeks of April respectively) coupled with
removal of disease leaves every fortnight could regardless of tillage systems
well manage leaf spot disease compared to sowing dates one and four.


The present paper deals with the study of a rotor current excited vernier reluctance machine. First, we introduce the structure and the conditions on teeth, as well as the polarity numbers necessary for the smooth running of such a structure. We then describe a simple method used to design a prototype. Finally, using 2D FEM, we study a prototype. Different results are presented and discussed.


The J-PARC accelerator complex consists of the linac, the 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) and the 50 GeV main synchrotron (MR). These synchrotrons are the first MW-class proton accelerators, which employ the high electric field gradient magnetic alloy (MA) loaded RF cavities. The beam commissioning was started in October 2007 for RCS and in May 2008 for MR. High intensity beam operation studies and user runs have been performed, while carefully controlling and minimizing the beam loss. The cycle-to-cycle beam operation is reproducible and quite stable, because of the stable linac beam energy and the reproducible bending field in both synchrotrons. The MA loaded RF systems and the full digital LLRF also guarantee the stable longitudinal particle motion and precise beam transfer synchronization from RCS to the MLF user facility as well as to the MR. A high intensity proton beam of 2.5x10 ppp is accelerated in RCS. And in MR, a beam intensity up to ~10 ppp was obtained. We summarize the RF systems and the longitudinal parameters in both rings.


Abstract In contrast to previous examinations of the role of accounting in financial crises, this paper explores the way in which accounting has been woven into a new system of banking regulations. Although the regulatory reform of the mid-1980s was intended to maintain the soundness of banking businesses, it failed to prevent banks from excessive asset expansion in the latter half of the 1980s in Japan. One of the major causes of this regulatory failure is found in the way that the regulatory capital is defined for the new capital adequacy regulation. The latent revaluation reserves are partially counted as capital. Japanese domestic regulatory reform took place in the wider context of the international standardization of capital adequacy regulations (BIS standards). Japanese regulators utilized taken-for-granted practices of accounting to creatively comply with the BIS standards.


(A)s Jane Marcus has observed, "She who writes history makes history" - and (to this may be added), she whose activities are visible as history has a kind of power that she whose contributions are placed at the margins of history does not. Changing 'history', ... depends on having that first kind of power; it comes from speaking somewhere other than from the margins, although speaking from the margins has its uses too.


. The paper presents a preliminary local investigation related to sliding on a mortar joint due to excessive shear force, mechanism observed during testing of masonry arches and barrel vaults reinforced with Externally Bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymers (EB FRP) at their extrados. This activity was aimed at evaluating a possible contribution of the FRP reinforcement to joint resistance. Fourteen V-shape Peel Tests (VPT) have been performed, which consist in peeling off a central FRP strip from two clay solid bricks aligned along their longitudinal axis, so that the reinforcement assumes a typical "V" shape during detachment. Tests were designed to reproduce and isolate the reinforcement mixed-mode debonding behaviour related to the above mentioned failure mechanism, and their execution allowed assessing experimental setup and procedures.


3074Background: Humanized mice engrafted with tumors enable in vivo investigation of the interactions between the human immune system and human cancer. We have recently found that humanized NOD-sci...


We study in detail the quasinormal modes of linear gravitational perturbations of plane-symmetric anti-de Sitter black holes. The wave equations are obtained by means of the Newman-Penrose formalism and the Chandrasekhar transformation theory. We show that oscillatory modes decay exponentially with time such that these black holes are stable against gravitational perturbations. Our numerical results show that in the large (small) black hole regime the frequencies of the ordinary quasinormal modes are proportional to the horizon radius r{sub +} (wave number k). The frequency of the purely damped mode is very close to the algebraically special frequency in the small horizon limit, and goes as ik{sup 2}/3r{sub +} in the opposite limit. This result is confirmed by an analytical method based on the power series expansion of the frequency in terms of the horizon radius. The same procedure applied to the Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter spacetime proves that the purely damped frequency goes as i(l-1)(l+2)/3r{sub +}, where l is the quantum number characterizing the angular distribution. Finally, we study the limit of high overtones and find that the frequencies become evenly spaced in this regime. The spacing of the frequency per unit horizon radius seems to be a universal quantity, inmore » the sense that it is independent of the wave number, perturbation parity, and black hole size.« less


Wool fabrics are often treated under conditions of varying pH in dyeing and finishing processes. It is known that in air the dimensions of wool fabrics change with the amount of fiber swelling at different regain. In this work, it has been shown that a similar relationship between fiber swelling and fabric dimensions existed in water at different pH values. The diameters of Merino and Corriedale wool fibers in water at different pH values were measured with an OFDA 2000 fiber diameter analyzer, fitted with a specially constructed accessory liquid cell. The results showed that the mean diameters of swollen wool fibers in water varied with pH. Minimum swelling was obtained in the range pH 5-7. It was found that the dimensions of wool fabric in water were dependent on the pH. The changes in fiber diameter in water could be attributed to changes in ionic interactions between charged acid and basic groups in wool protein with variations in pH.


Aluminum foam projectiles were used to dynamically load clamped quadrate sandwich plates with an aluminum foam core and monolithic solid plates. A laser Doppler velocimeter and a laser displacement transducer were applied to measure the impact velocities of the foam projectiles and the deflection-time histories at the midpoints of the back faces of the plates,respectively. Deformation and failure modes of the sandwich and monolithic plates were exhibited to discuss the effects of the projectile impulse,the face sheet thickness and the core density and thickness on the structural responses of the plates. It is found that there is the maximum permanent deflection at the midpoint of the back face,the deflection at the plate brim is the least and the whole deformation profile takes on a dome shape with flower-shaped deformation. The results indicate that the permanent deflection of the back face can be effectively controlled to improve the capacity of energy absorption of sandwich plates by increasing the face sheet or core thickness. The structural response is sensitive to the projectile impulse or the core density and the permanent deflection is proportional to the projectile impulse or the core density. The experimental results can provide help for the optimum design of cellular metallic sandwich structures.


In the early 1950's,Zarankiewicz conjectured the crossing number of the complete bipartite graph K_(m,n)(m(?)n) as [(m/2)][(m-1/2)][(n/2)][(n-1/2)],(for any real number x,[x] denotes the maxi- mum integer that is no more than x).So far,the truth of this conjecture has been proved only for the case m(?)6.In this paper,we have determined the crossing number of the complete tripartite graph K_(1,10,n),if Zarankiewicz's conjecture holds for the case m=11.


During the last decades, several clinical cases have been reported where patients described profound subjective experiences when near-death, a phenomenon called "near-death experience" (NDE). Recurring features in the accounts involving bright lights and tunnels have sometimes been interpreted as evidence of a new life after death; however the origin of such experiences is largely unknown, and both biological and psychological interpretations have been suggested. The study of NDEs represents one of the most important topics of cognitive neuroscience. In the present paper the current state of knowledge has been reviewed, with particular regard to the main features of NDE, scientific explanations and the theoretical debate surrounding this phenomenon.


This song is thought to be 500 hundred years old. It may be sung at any festivals or celebratory gatherings. This song states where there is golden mountain, there is also a golden lake, trees, and birds.
这首歌认为有五百年的之久。在节日和庆祝聚会上都可
以唱这首歌。这首歌陈述了在哪里有金山,在那里就会
有金湖、金树以及金鸟。


Abstract How do disputants in China solve conflicts involving state actors in their daily life? We analyze the above questions using a representative national dataset and argue that it depends on either 'Know Who' or 'Know How'. We further categorized three potential strategies in solving administrative dispute: Rule-bending, Rule-bound, and Rule-breaking. We find that while elites tend to approach the legal and bureaucratic system, encouraged by political connections, non-elites have to appeal outside the official justice system through petition. The findings herein suggest that China is pursuing regime stability through elite co-optation, which is in line with the theory of political survival.


The historical and legal aspect of the genesis of sovereignty theories in Western science is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the continuity of ideas about sovereignty and the revival of certain concepts in certain historical conditions.


Summary form only given. When an intense beam propagates through a Kerr nonlinear medium, the beam's transverse intensity profile generates a corresponding phase profile through,the intensity-dependent refractive index. The positive phase resulting from the Kerr nonlinearity (B-integral) underlies a number of physical processes, including whole-beam and small-scale self-focusing (SSSF). Self-focusing limits the peak power attainable by high energy lasers and amplifiers. We show in numerical simulation and experiment that negative Kerr-like phase shifts from cascade quadratic processes can compensate for the effects of SSSF, and cancel B-integral. We consider a two-stage system where an unchirped beam with transverse intensity modulation is incident on a Kerr medium, which generates positive phase and beam distortion due to SSSF. In the second stage, the distorted beam propagates through a quadratic medium, arranged to cancel the Kerr phase.


More and more colleges and corporations are taking part in a growing option of higher education known as cooperative education, or the coop program. The co-op concept, which was started in 1906 at the University of Cincinnati by Professor Herman Schneider, is based on the idea that students should be able to get practical experience to supplement their course work. Ann Keeling, assistant dean/associate professor in the division of professional practices at the University of Cincinnati, says that Schneider's proposal to the university was well received, as it has been at over 1000 colleges since. "If you look around," says Penn State co-op advisor William J. Ross in agreement, "you will find that there are relatively few schools that don't have some of their students in this kind of a program."


This paper investigates the problem of adaptive output feedback stabilization using MT-filters and the backstepping design method for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown input and output time-delay. It is shown that all the signals in the closed-loop system are globally uniformly bounded, and the output can be regulated to zero.


Textual pattern,the macro structure of the textual organization,plays a key role in discourse production and understanding.Therefore,it is necessary to study the English textual pattern so as to cultivate and improve students' comprehension and practice ability and accelerate the inter-cultural communication successfully.


One of the reasons is the functioning of the current international monetary system. It promoted the enormous build-up of debt that preceded the crisis and could complicate the necessary process of balance-sheet repair in its wake. It is fostering deflationary risks in major advanced economies and asset-price inflation in emerging markets. For countries like Canada, the outlook and policy environment remain unusually challenging.


Atopic diseases are one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents. They lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of life of patients and their families. The only strategy for the treatment of atopic diseases that has a disease-modifying effect is allergen-specific immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature data on the practical aspects of allergen-specific immunotherapy use in children and adolescents with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic bronchial asthma. An analysis of scientific articles has shown that allergen-specific immunotherapy can reduce the severity of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or atopic bronchial asthma and reduce the amount of pharmacotherapy, as well as reduce the risk of bronchial asthma developing in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The current evidence of the preventive effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy in relation to the development of new sensitizations in monosensitized patients is unconvincing, and, according to many authors, new randomized clinical trials are needed. According to most experts, allergen-specific immunotherapy should be started in children from 5 years of age in the presence of proven immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitization to one or more allergens, carried out for at least 3 years, using preparations in which the presence of major allergens is documented. At the same time, both subcutaneous and sublingual administration of allergens has comparable effectiveness. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is a safe and well-tolerated treatment for children, but currently there is no generally accepted classification of possible adverse events, as well as a standardized and uniform system for assessing their severity.


Periapical inflammatory lesion is the local response of bone around the apex of tooth that develops after the necrosis of the pulp tissue or extensive periodontal disease. Radio graphically, the classical description of the lesion is round or oval, well circumscribed radiolucent image involving the apex of the tooth. The final outcome of the nature of wound healing after endodontic surgery can be repair or regeneration depending on the nature of the wound; the availability of progenitor cells; signalling molecules; and micro-environmental cues such as adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix, and associated non-collagenous protein molecules. We present here two case reports with and without PRF to check the healing potential of the periapical lesion with 6 months of observation and radiographic evaluation.


Abstract. In this paper, we introduce and provide access to a daily (1960–2017) and hourly (1993–2017) dataset of snow and meteorological data measured at the Col de Porte site, 1325 m a.s.l, Charteuse, France. Site metadata and ancillary measurements such as soil properties and masks of the incident solar radiation are also provided. Weekly snow profiles are made available from September 1993 to April 2015. A detailed study of the uncertainties originating from both measurements errors and spatial variability within the measurement site is provided for several variables. We show that the estimates of the ratio of diffuse to total shortwave broadband irradiance is affected by an uncertainty of ± 0.21. The estimated root mean squared deviation, that can be mainly attributed to spatial variability, is ± 10 cm for snow depth, ± 25 kg m−2 for snow water and ± 1 K for soil temperature (± 0.4 K during the snow season). The daily dataset can be used to quantify the effect of climate change at this site with a reduction of the mean snow depth (Dec. 1st to April 30th of 39 cm from 1960–1990 to 1990–2017 and an increase in temperature of + 0.90 K for the same periods. Finally, we show that the daily and hourly datasets are useful and appropriate for driving and evaluating a snowpack model over such a long period. The data are placed on the repository of the Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) datacenter: https://doi.org/10.17178/CRYOBSCLIM.CDP.2018.


Time-frequency analysis of speech provides detailed information which may be used for the study of its production mechanisms and for recognition purposes. The smoothed Wigner-Ville distribution can be used as an effective speech analysis tool when a high temporal resolution is required. Smoothing demands a careful balance between resolution and suppression of interferences in the distribution while taking into account the characteristics of the speech signal. The resulting representation is applied to analyze nasal phonemes and transitions in continuous speech and shown to unveil important transitory features not revealed by the spectrogram and to result in accurate segmentation and discrimination of their place of articulation.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


Considering second-neighbour interaction,the distribution of vibrational eigenvectors in one-dimensional disordered system is calculated by means of lattice dynamics and a new algorithm for five diagonal matrix.The result shows that,like the electronic eigenvectors,the phonon eigenvectors in the disordered system are localized.And the degree of localization is related to the eigenfrequency,degree of disorder and number of lattices.


[The abstract of this article is not available. Here are the first sentences of the article. The full text is freely available upon registration] The retirement age of the baby boom generation is almost out-door. The proportion of ageing people will grow rapidly in the near future [1-3]. There will be fewer people to pay for the health and social care of the quickly aging population; furthermore, advancements in medical science will raise a new bar for quality in terms of the outcomes achieved in the treatment of illness [3]. An ageing population and the rising public expectations will produce an increase in costs and will impede timely access to care, thus jeopardising sustainability. The Italian National Health system is an example of a collapsing system: the ageing Italian workforce affects not only patient demographics but also the availability of clinicians. The upcoming wave of retiring health care professionals will occur in the exact moment when they will be more necessary. To overcome these challenges, our health care system will have to use its resources more effectively. Access and equity remain essential characteristics of our health care system, but are insufficient goals in terms of improving quality and achieving financial sustainability.


Aiming at the deficiency of data consistency and synchronization in the Information Platform for Chinese Boat Race Team,this paper presents a synchronous method based on Web service and discusses its structure and implementation.This method can be reference for other sports team management systems which Often carry out on the outdoor training and competition.


When tooth is displaced within the alveolar bone, it could apply pressure and rupture the apical vessels. Pulpal reaction in such case is affected by the stage of root formation, amount of intrusion and pulpal infection. Determining the need of pulp treatment depends on the pulp vitality. Therefore, periodic vitality tests, coronal color changes and radiographic root resorption signs should be observed through periodic post-trauma follow-up. Pulp necrosis, pulp canal obliteration, external root resorption, root ankylosis and marginal bone loss could result from periodontal injuries. Negative sign changes from positive signs of vitality tests suggest pulp necrosis. In this case, pulp treatment should be held before root resorption occurs. By comparing the following two cases, complications of intrusion and factors producing them could be confirmed, thus we propose to report these two cases.


The present invention is, for example, in the process of unauthorized duplication, in order to provide a marked film has stable mark high residual ratio, to a system and method for marking analyzing film images. The present invention is based on the survivability of the mark against a different background color, by recommending markable places, it provides a means for facilitating the selection of the ideal position of the mark. The system and method of the present invention, at least one step of selecting at least two potential marking areas (400) in the frame of the film (302), at least two potential marking areas in a predetermined color of the mark (310) coloring steps, the step of calculating a root mean square error of the area surrounding each of the at least two potential marking areas (400) and each of the potential marking areas (312) (401) (RMSE), and at least two markings which of the region candidate, it provides a step of identifying whether having the smallest RMSE (320) (i.e. recommended marking location).


In Zhongtiao Mountains , the main strata are Archean Shushui Complex(granulite facies complex), Jiangxian Group (amphibo-greenschist facies metamorphic rock), Paleoproterozoic Zhongtiao Group (metamorphic conglomerate and quartzite), middle Proterozoic Xiyanghe Group(andesite and sedimentary rock), Neoproterozoic Changcheng group(sedimentary rock). The magmatism were strong, dominated by Jiangxian and Xiyanghe epoch volcanic eruption, Shushui epoch magmatic intrusion, the volcanism supplied large amount of metallogenic material for Cu deposit formation. Deep faults especially their crossings, provided space for the movement and deposition of ore-forming material. According to genesis, the Cu deposits can be divided as subvolcanic-volcanic hydatogenetic reconstructed type, far volcanic-metamorphic sedimentary type, metamorphic sedimentary type, volcanic-sedimentary reconstructed type, hydrothermal type and hydrothermal vein type. The representative deposits are Tongkuangyu, Bizigou, Hujiayu, Henglingguan and Luojiahe. The most important deposit in the region is Tongkuangyu Cu deposit of volcanic-subvolcanic hydatogenetic reconstructed type.


While poor families experience high residential instability, they also stay put for extended periods of time before moving. When they do move, they are likely to move laterally to a similarly disadvantaged place. These two processes—staying in place and churning—amount to "horizontal immobility." Why do people get stuck in disadvantaged environments? Prevailing understandings focus on constraints to residential choice, but even under limitations, families make active residential decisions. Drawing on fieldwork with 50 renters in a low-income, high-crime Baltimore neighborhood, this article proposes that neighborhoods themselves shape narratives governing residential decision-making. In high-crime neighborhoods, renters stay put as long as they can craft a story that justifies remaining. But when the narrative is ruptured by violent events, residents are pushed to action, often a move. The logic behind these moves is motivated by a desire to restore a sense of safety. The concept of "narrative rupture" sheds light on when a family decides to move, representing a mechanism for how residential decisions are shaped by neighborhood forces to reproduce poverty. This concept also contributes to theories of how culture shapes action: we are most likely to act when the narratives supporting our current course of action break down.


At grammar school in Norfolk, Trevor Richard Walker Hampton won the King George VI gold medal for the best scholar in 1948. At the presentation the King discussed the difficult decision of whether to do military service before or after university. Trevor chose to go directly to medical school in Edinburgh where he also did his house jobs. After an initial short service commission in the Royal Navy he dedicated his working life to that service. Serving at sea and in naval hospitals in the UK and overseas, he progressed to flag rank before leaving active service in 1987.

At the …


and activates the phosphorylation of a subset of substrates in vitro . In intact cells, α -actinin selectively stabilizes CaMKII association with GluN2B-containing glutamate receptors and enhances phosphorylation of Ser1303 in GluN2B, but inhibits CaMKII phosphorylation of Ser831 in glutamate receptor GluA1 subunits by competing for activation by Ca 2+ /CaM. These data show that Ca 2+ -independent binding of α actinin to CaMKII differentially modulates the phosphorylation of physiological targets that play key roles in long-term synaptic plasticity.


Reservoir groups 1~3 on the lower segment of Jianxin-Tuoshi Xingouzui Formation in the east of Qianjiang depression Jianghan basin had all developed into tight sandstone lithologic trap with low porosity and low permeability.With the proceeding of exploration work in recent years,a batch of light oil reservoirs had been discovered in this area.Based on the study on the stratigraphic sequence and the characteristics of assemblage of source,reservoir,and capping rocks in Jianxin-Tuoshi district,this essay had made the most use of various shaft data obtained from geological survey,gas logging,well logging,oil testing and other techniques to draw up a comprehensive review of the reservoir features in the area and discuss the adoption of quantifying methods to assess the reservoir capacity.


This key technologies and the quality problems of quickly fermented douchi were discussed.And the quality standards of Douchi were also briefly introduced.


Charge exchange measurements in thin targets of the rare gases by an O2+ beam have been made between 60 and 200 keV. Taking into account the relative weighting of the final states which are allowed assuming spin, symmetry, and Λ conservation it was found that a crossing theory of the Landau–Zener type is completely inadequate to account for the cross sections of the heavier targets, whereas a non-crossing theory in the Rapp–Francis formulation was found to give good fits, both in energy dependence and overall magnitude, to the cross sections except for the xenon target where it is too small by a factor of 2. The improvement in fit is due to the inclusion of a factor which was omitted in the original formulation of Rapp–Francis, and also the inclusion of many states of the product ions in the calculation.


We reconstructed of the aortic arches of two unrelated boys, who were the smaller twin in monochorionic pregnancies, because they had coarctation of the aorta (CoA). They both had hypospadias. The co-twins, the larger twins, had neither CoA nor hypospadias. Although CoA and hypospadias both have been associated separately with monozygotic pregnancy, this is the first report of CoA and hypospadias occurring together. These cases indicate that epigenetic factors such as unbalanced fetal circulation in monochorionic pregnancy may be involved in co-occurrence of CoA and hypospadias.


ABSTRACT Introduction Ophthalmologists usually evaluate melanocytic conjunctival tumor on clinical and slit-lamp examination and perform biopsies in cases of malignancy suspicion. However, differential diagnosis can be challenging with the consequence that many benign lesions are excised in suspicion of malignancy and that conjunctival melanoma can be underdiagnosed in an early phase of growth. New noninvasive imaging techniques are under development and can play a role in helping the clinical diagnosis of melanocytic conjunctival tumors. Areas covered We review the current literature about new noninvasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis of conjunctival tumors with attention to dermoscopy, in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Expert opinion In the author's opinion these new techniques are particularly useful for the diagnosis of melanocytic conjunctival tumor and they probably will increase their diffusion in ophthalmology in the next years, especially dermoscopy and handheld RCM.


If you are a retailer or an e-commerce merchant, you could feel threatened by the digital revolution currently revamping the retail industry, or you could be excited by the potential for growth tha ...


The issue of using reinforcement elements with different versions of connections is considered. The Results of investigations and tests of welded and coupling reinforcement joints of А400 and А500 classes are presented. The scope of application of different types of connections in bridge structures is considered. The potential of using factory-made reinforcement grids made by contact welding for road bridge road plates has been justified


The invention discloses a wireless controller and a wireless control system of a CT machine and the CT machine, wherein the wireless main controller comprises a CT master control board and a wireless master control board, wherein the wireless master control board is used for receiving control signals from a wireless subordinate controller, implementing validity verification on the control signals in accordance with identity of the wireless subordinate controller carried in the control signal, and offering control signals, which pass through the verification, to the CT master control board; and the CT master control board is used for receiving the control signals from the wireless master control board and for implementing corresponding operation control in accordance with the control signals. The technical scheme of the embodiment is conducive to reasonable layout of control parts.


Acknowledgments List of Figures List of Tables Introduction..............................................................................1 Literature Review.....................................................................3 Life in Roman Fortresses and Forts Military Ranks – Background Military Routine Accommodation Recreation Religion Discussion Caerleon and South Shields – Background ..............................12 Caerleon Legionary Fortress South Shields Auxiliary Fort Discussion Methodology............................................................................17 Analysis of the published excavation reports Analysis and Comparison of Architecture The Principia The Barrack blocks Caerleon Thermae Analysis and Comparison of Finds Assemblages Small Finds Roman Text Caerleon and South Shields – Excavations...............................23 Caerleon Legionary Fortress South Shields Auxiliary Fort Discussion Analysis – Architecture............................................................32 The Principia The Barrack blocks Caerleon Thermae Analysis – Finds Assemblages..................................................46 Conclusion...............................................................................54 Findings The Vindolanda writing Tablets Potential for further work Appendices Bibliography


According to Rotter, (1954) locus of control can be explained as a factor consisting of person's life history which encompasses learning experiences and the environment. There are divergent views on origin of locus of control among people. Some people see it as an inborn quality which forms a proportion of one's personality while others view it as a human characteristic which is shaped by one's experiences in the environment and interaction that a child interacts with other people such as parents. Children who grow up in supportive environments whereby their parents encourage them to be independent, have increased interaction which result to development of better locus of control. People's locus of control can either be internally oriented or externally oriented. Rotter (1954) posits that one's orientation is always changeable. It can be changed by altering a person's environment or changing the way a person thinks. In a school setting, a learner can be internally oriented or externally oriented towards academics. Abbas (2018), defines academic locus of control as the learner's attribution of the cause of his/her academic achievement; that is, whether the learner performs with efforts from within oneself or the learner's performance is attributed and controlled by factors outside the learner which the learner is unable to control. Studies done have found that academic locus of control influences learning in secondary schools and consequently determines how learners achieve in academics (Ahaman, 2016 & Kader, 2014). It is in this light that the current study examines predictors of academic locus of control of learners in Matinyani Sub County secondary schools where performance in National Examination has been skewed towards lower grade according Abstract: Studies that have been conducted on locus of control have demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between locus of control and academic achievement. The below average academic achievement witnessed among the majority of the secondary school students in Matinyani Sub-County may be attributed to the students' academic locus of control among other factors. In Kenya, little has been done on the predictors of academic locus of control. This study examined academic self-efficacy as a predictor of academic locus of control. The study was guided by Social learning theory. The study used Ex-Post-Facto research design. The respondents were 291, that is, 157 boys and 134 girls picked from 10 schools. Stratified Sampling technique was used group the schools in the Sub-County into four categories. Purposive Sampling was used to pick the ten schools from which the respondents were drawn from and finally simple random sampling was used to select a sample of 291 students from the ten schools. The respondents filled academic self-efficacy scale. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and null hypotheses were tested using Pearson moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings indicated that, there existed a positive and significant relationship between the students' academic self-efficacy and their internal academic locus of control (r (289) =0.04, p< .05). Since academic self-efficacy was found to have a positive and significant relationship with the students' internal locus of control, the researcher recommended that it may be of use to conduct the same study on primary school pupils and even students in colleges and in the universities.


We have investigated the effects of aging on parathyroid hormone (PTH) modulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis and their relationship to signal transduction pathways in isolated rat duodenal cells (enterocytes). PTH (10−8–10−9 M) increased enterocyte 45Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) to a greater extent (twofold and 50%, respectively) in aged (24 months) than in young (3 months) animals. The [Ca2+]i response of old cells to the hormone was slower, lacking the early phase of changes in cytosolic Ca2+. Ca2+ influx induced by PTH was prevented by the protein kinase A antagonist Rp‐cAMPS in both young and aged enterocytes, whereas neomycin and compound U73122, inhibitors of PLC‐catalyzed phosphoinositide hydrolysis, abolished hormone‐dependent Ca2+ influx in young but had no effect on aged cells. Higher basal adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity and cAMP content were detected in old enterocytes. PTH increased the absolute levels of cAMP in aged cells and AC activity of microsomes isolated therefrom to a greater extent (≥ twofold) than in young enterocytes/membranes. In young cells, the hormone also induced a rapid and transient release of inositoltrisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (neomycin‐sensitive) at 45 sec, and a delayed phase of DAG at 5 min (neomycin‐insensitive). The early formation of IP3 and DAG was blunted in aged animals. These results suggest that both the PLC and adenylyl cyclase cascades are involved in PTH stimulation of Ca2+ influx in duodenal cells. During aging, however, only the cAMP pathway is operative, mediating a potentiation of the effects of the hormone. Additional studies are required to establish the relative role of PTH‐dependent messenger systems in the regulation of intestinal calcium absorption and age‐related abnormalities. J. Cell. Physiol. 182:429–437, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Paclitaxel�is recommended first-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.� Genetic polymorphisms of Paclitaxel's metabolic pathway may affect treatment outcomes and adverse events. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of genetic polymorphisms and clinical outcomes. A total of 58 Thai NSCLC patients with Paclitaxel-based chemotherapy were enrolled for this cohort study. The prevalence of variant allele of SLCO1B3 (rs7311358), ABCB1 (rs2032582) and CYP3A5 (rs776746) were 72.4%, 40.5% and 67.5%, respectively. This study found that SLCO1B3, ABCB1 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms were not associated with clinical response and clinical benefit in paclitaxel-based chemotherapy among Thai advanced NSCLC patients. However, SNPs in ABCB1 were associated with anemia (P=0.025), grade 3 or 4 anemia (P=0.044), and nausea/vomiting (P=0.024).��Moreover, SLCO1B3 polymorphisms were significantly associated with grade 3 or 4 anemia (P=0.044) and CYP3A5 polymorphisms associated with grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy (P=0.040). In addition, initial stage and smoking status were significantly associated with neuropathy as P=0.005 and P=0.041, respectively. Nausea and vomiting was associated with smoking status (P=0.024) and gender (P=0.015). And chemotherapy regimen was associated with neutropenia (P=0.039).�This study indicated that genetic polymorphism of genes in paclitaxel pathways associated with hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events in Thai advanced NSCLC. These finding might be useful to predict and manage adverse events for NSCLC patient with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy.


Directed and co-written by Paul Clarke (Long Way to the Top; Bombora; Wide Open Road; Whitlam: The Power and the Passion), this two-part series is in many ways a logical extension to Bombora Film and Music's interest in Australian cultural histories. The story of the recording company Alberts, a family dynasty dating from 1885, is told through (cheesy) recreations of company events interspersed with the recollections of its central signings, including The Easybeats, AC/DC, The Angels, Rose Tattoo and Cheetah; Alberts family members and employees; and other Australian rockers on the outside looking in, like Peter Garrett, Tim Rogers and Colin Hay.


This paper analyses three models with overflow traffic and different serving intensities in primary and secondary trunk groups, which represent specific cases in circuit switching telecommunication networks. Explicit solutions for traffic parameters as well as the numerical iterative procedure to resolve steady state system equations are used in the analysis. For the complex model with two overflow traffic systems with changed serving intensity, we suggest a procedure to overcome the problems of resolving a system with a great number of steady state equations while keeping the advantages of an analytic solution compared to statistics modeling.


The efficacy of various fractions of Peanut Skin Extract (PSE) in combination with sodium polyphosphate (SPP; BekaPlusTM FS, BK Giulini) were tested in apple juice medium (AJM, a model juice system) against the economically important spoilage yeasts Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Zygosaccharomyces bisporus. Z. bailii (ATCC 60483) or Z. bisporus (Y108, an industrial isolate) were inoculated in AJM or AJM containing SPP, PSE or combinations of SPP and PSE, then incubated at 30°C for up to 120 h (5 d). Both whole PSE and 9 individual HPLC-separated PSE fractions were tested. A Bioscreen C automated turbidimeter determined the impact of PSE on yeast growth. After 120 h, samples were taken from each Bioscreen well, serially diluted and plated onto Yeast Mold agar for enumeration. Initial experiments with Z. bailii were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SPP and whole PSE. A single sub-MIC concentration of SPP (0.013%) was then evaluated in combination with a concentration of whole PSE that was not inhibitory alone, yet yielded complete inhibition in the presence of 0.013% SPP. This concentration, 2 mg/mL, was chosen as a "benchmark" level for further testing of PSE fractions with and without 0.013% SPP against both Z. bailii and Z. bisporus. This rational testing approach enabled us to minimize variables, focus our screening approach and avoid wastage of valuable PSE samples. Twenty-four treatments were tested (in duplicate) including: no-antimicrobial control (AJM only), AJM plus 0.013% SPP and the following PSE treatments with and without


ABSTRACT Fibre direction cylindrical specimens from the sapwood and heartwood areas of Paulownia wood were heat treated at 180, 190, and 200°C split in eight groups of ten specimens each. Air and water permeability were measured, thereafter. Results demonstrated that heat treatment had a positive effect on air permeability both in sapwood and heartwood specimens. That increase might be attributed to the development of cell wall micro-checks caused by thermal degradation and fracture of the vessel tyloses. Liquid permeability was significantly decreased as a result of heat treatment.


A total of 132 Lacombe gilts were individually housed and fed 1.50, 2.25 or 3.00 kg of a 16% protein diet once daily from 35 days prior to mating to 60 days of pregnancy when they were slaughtered. The pregnancy rate (gilts pregnant/gilts on treatment × 100) of gilts on the 1.50-kg level of feeding was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the gilts on the 2.25- or 3.00-kg levels of feeding (66.7 vs. 85.4 and 90.7%). This was due to anestrus that occurred in 24% of the gilts on the 1.50-kg level of feeding treatment. Conception rate (gilts pregnant/gilts bred × 100) was not affected by the level of feeding. Increasing the level of feeding increased ovulation rate (12.6 ± 0.4 to 13.9 ± 0.3), ovarian weight (14.0 ± 0.5 to 17.7 ± 0.4 g), and uterine weight (1657 ± 79 to 1892 ± 64 g). There was no effect on the number, percent survival or weight of the fetuses; fetal attachment uterine tissue and fetal membrane weight; or allantoic and amniotic fluid volume. Fetal weight was correlated with fetal attachment uterine t...


In article the essence and structure of intercultural communications as leading personal and professional characteristic of the modern philologist are considered; the basic stages of formation of theoretical and practical readiness of foreign students to intercultural speech interaction are defined.


The rheometer was used to measure the rheological behavior,and the rheological data: the shear-stress / shear rate data of ceramic body slurry with polycarboxylate dispersant of linear MA / AA / MAS were fitted by using the Power-law model,Binghamplastic model,Herschel-Bulkley model,Casson model and Sisko model. The results found that Herschel-Bulkley model is one of the most suitable for the rheological model of studing the rheological and thixotropic properties of ceramic body slurry with polycarboxylate dispersant of linear MA / AA / MAS.


The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the major health emergencies in decades that affected almost every country in the world As of June 30, 2020, it has caused an outbreak with more than 10 million confirmed infections, and more than 500,000 reported deaths globally Due to the unavailability of an effective treatment (or vaccine) and insufficient evidence regarding the transmission mechanism of the epidemic, the world population is currently in a vulnerable position The daily cases data sets of COVID-19 for profoundly affected countries represent a stochastic process comprised of deterministic and stochastic components This study proposes an integrated deterministic-stochastic approach to forecast the long-term trajectories of the COVID-19 cases for Italy and Spain The deterministic component of the daily-cases univariate time series is assessed by an extended version of the SIR [Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Protected-Isolated (SIRCX)] model, whereas its stochastic component is modeled using an autoregressive (AR) time series model The proposed integrated SIRCX-AR (ISA) approach based on two operationally distinct modeling paradigms utilizes the superiority of both the deterministic SIRCX and stochastic AR models to find the long-term trajectories of the epidemic curves Experimental analysis based on the proposed ISA model shows significant improvement in the long-term forecasting of COVID-19 cases for Italy and Spain in comparison to the ODE-based SIRCX model The estimated Basic reproduction numbers for Italy and Spain based on SIRCX model are found to be 4 78 and 3 25, respectively ISA model-based results reveal that the number of cases in Italy and Spain between 11 May, 2020-9 June, 2020 will be 10,982 (6383-15,582) and 13,731 (3395-29,013), respectively Additionally, the expected number of daily cases on 9 July, 2020 for Italy and Spain is estimated to be 30 (0-183) and 92 (0-602), respectively © 2021 World Scientific Publishing Company


Multicultural instruction poses numerous challenges to educators and students alike. While these challenges have been traditionally recognized in the field of social sciences, they have been neglected by the natural sciences. We developed a pilot study aimed at highlighting the importance of cultural differences in science and engineering education. Our study presents engineering students' perceptions of these differences and how they affect the teaching and learning process.


This paper aims to critically frame the successes and failings of scientific conferences designed for underrepresented undergraduate physics students as counterspaces in physics. The beginning of the paper outlines the necessity of these counterspaces' existence as evidenced by the literature. We apply a critical lens to the experiences of minority students who have attended these conferences to examine the ways the events support their holistic identities or fail to do so.


Part 1 Key-note lecture: water through time - its transition from myth to molecule, Joan S. Davis. Part 2 Plenary presentations. Part 3 Workshop presentations: workshop 1 - aquacultures for wastewater treatment workshop 2 - recycling challenges and solutions workshop 3 - the social side of wastewater treatment - politics and markets workshop 4 - floating and submersed plants in wastewater treatment. Part 5 Posters. Part 6 Case studies. (Part contents)


Coastal engineering strategies to adapt population and their socioeconomic activities around the oceans is a theme that is constantly present in the history of civilization. One of the main current challenges is to contain erosive processes on the shore, where many cities are feeling the effects of the coastline retreat. For this reason, the needs of modern society must be included in coastal engineering projects, which should be developed taking into account the natural concepts of the dynamics of each system. This is the motivation of the present study, which aims to demonstrate that a sandy profile that is vulnerable to erosive processes can be managed to become a predominantly dissipative profile, by introducing a sandy bank able to induce wave breaking. For this strategy, concepts of transverse morphodynamics of sandy beaches and of submerged porous coastal structures were used. When the structure was placed in the location of the anti-node of the system`s longitudinal hydrodynamic oscillation within a wave channel, it was possible to control the transport of sediments. The strategy was to accumulate the sediments inside the porous structure to replicate the shape of a distal sandy bank, which started to induce waves' breaking. In turn, a wide and turbulent breaking zone was generated able to dissipate more energy than the 'natural' breaking zone. A dissipative morphodynamic system was predominant during the high and low wave energy scenarios. The strategy of using a submersible structure with high porosity has the advantage of being integrated in the natural morphodynamic processes. In addition, this is a lightweight structure compared to the traditional coastal engineering solutions, and it can be economically more attractive.


Persistent speculations that caves played a key role in the high flow rates of many early wells in the Yates field (203 wells potentialed for more than 10,000 BOPD each, 26 wells for more than 80,000 BOPD each) has raised questions of why the caves exist, how many there are, and how to incorporate them into reservoir management practice. This paper describes the use of probability theory to answer these questions. Among the geologic factors that contributed to the remarkable early productivity of Yates are zones of karst in the upper San Andres Dolomite, the principle reservoir unit. Hundreds of infill wells drilled after unitization of the field in 1976 have provided ample data on cave numbers and patterns. These data indicate that karstification was produced by dynamic lenses of fresh water beneath a cluster of islands formed when lowering of Late Permian sea level exposed San Andres limestone to rainfall and dissolution. The seemingly random occurrences of caves can be fitted into a geologic framework of systematic karst processes to produce mappable petrophysical parameters. The most important of these predicts, in probabilistic terms, where the caves are located. The contribution of cave porosity to total reservoir porosity can alsomore » be estimated. This cave component of porosity can be displayed as a petrophysical log and manipulated in the same way as matrix porosity.« less


In the Section of Psychiatry of the Royal Society of Medicine on May 11 a discussion took place on electro-narcosis. Dr. SPENCER PATERSON, who showed a film of the treatment being given to patients in the Psychiatric Unit of the West London Hospital, said that about two years ago, in different countries and in different hospitals in the same country, there were being passed through the brains of patients electric currents which differed from each other in every particular; there had been little experimental work to show which were safe and which were dangerous. There were many psychiatric conditions which failed to improve when the patient was given only two or three applications a week, but it had been discovered that the more intense administration of electric shock could effect recovery il otherwise intractable cases. The side effects were not serious, but careful nursing was often necessary. It was therefore sought to obtain a better therapeutic effect with little or no discomfort to the patient, and to this end the passing of a low current through the brain of animals for a period of several minutes was studied. The main difference between the electro-narcosis machine and the electro-shock machine was that with the former the current was kept automatically regulated. Instead of the sudden agitation of the brain cells, a more gentle application was obtained by allowing the current to rise to its maximum over a period of 3 seconds. Curare was also used in advance of the electrical application and had the effect of diminishing the violent movements of the patient. Electro-narcosis was generally given three times a week for about eighteen times. Sometimes if the patient was quite well after ten or twelve applications the treatment was stopped, but there was less likely to be a recurrence if it was given for a greater number of times. If the patient showed undue memory disturbance it could be given only twice a week. With a colleague he had given altogether 719 treatments, from 9 to 20 for each patient. The previous history of every patient was elicited. If he was sufficiently robust to tolerate electro-shock it was likely that he would be able to have electro-narcosis, especially with curare. One generally had to wait 32 minutes between the curarization and the onset of electrical treatment in order that the drug might take effect. An electrocardiogram was always taken before treatment. The chief complications were due to saliva and mucus and might be prevented by atropine 1/6 gr. (11 mg.). Sometimes white ropy mucus collected in the back of the throat. He had heard of cases of lung abscess following electro-shock. Sometimes the patient complained that he had become conscious during the treatment. This experience might be very frightening; the patient might feel suffocated and also see bright flashes of light or hear loud noises. Except foT small and young patients it was rare to give an application of less than 200 mA. for the last 30 seconds. The blood pressurc should be taken several times during the treatment of a patient. A pressure which had been normal at first might rise as high as 260/160 mm. Hg. Sodium amytal was more likely to keep down the blood pressure than pentothal, but it had the disadvantage of taking a little longer to act. Occasionally the following symptoms occurred temporarily after treatment-headache, lassitude, and a sense of constriction around the chest. There might be some amnesia. Often, however, the patient experienced no discomfort whatever. Up to three months ago 35 schizophrenics had been treated with electro-narcosis in his unit. The cases fell into three groups. There were 9 cases in which there had been a previous schizophrenic episode, from which they had recovered, and after electro-narcosis for this later attack 8 of these patients were back at work within three months and only one was not improved. The second.group consisted of 10 patients who had been ill for less than twelve months since they were first seen, and of these 9 returned to work. The third group consisted of 16 patients who had been ill for more than a year when first seen, their average duration of illness being 3.2 years, and of these 4 made a complete recovery, 3 more were able to return to work, and the other 9 were greatly improved. Comparing the results of electro-narcosis with those of electroslhock, Dr. Paterson said that the effect of electro-narcosis in cases of schizophrenia was comparable with that of an intense course of electro-shock, but he believed that electro-narcosis produced a better result whilst at the same time causing less physical strain. He had treated 14 cases of schizophrenia by electro-narcosis after electro-shock had failed; in 9 of these the response was more favourable with electro-narcosis, and in 6 of them electro-narcosis brought about recovery. But it was likely that the previous electro-shock had helped the electronarcosis, as there was perhaps a synergic action between the two. Electro-narcosis was in one respect safer than insulin coma therapy, for if the patient appeared to have undue cardiac or respiratory difficulty the current could be switched off at once, whereas with insulin coma it was more difficult to stop the effect. In 16 cases of depression treated with electro-narcosis 12 showed complete recovery. In 8 cases of severe psychoneurosis there were two striking recoveries. It was important to treat these patients as soon as the morbid state was manifest-a fact borne out by the larger proportion of successes with the early psychotic cases. Among the hundreds of cases treated no patient had complained of being worse after treatment. He believed that electro-narcosis and kindred treatments were only at their beginning. Full investigations were being carried out at the West London Hospital and elsewhere, including psychological tests before and after treatment.


Conventional quality control procedures, such as the CUmulative SUM (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average charts are usually designed based on a mean shift with a given size. In practice, the exact value of the shift size is often unknown and can only be reasonably assumed to vary within a certain range. Such a range of shifts deteriorates the performance of existing control charts. In this paper, a quality control scheme, a Dual CUSUM (DCUSUM), is applied that combines two CUSUM charts to detect the range of shifts. The out-of-control signal is triggered if either one of the CUSUM statistics goes out of the DCUSUM control limits. In particular, a design procedure for the DCUSUM charts is developed and an analytical formula for the Average Run Length (ARL) calculation is obtained via the Markov chain method. The proposed DCUSUM charts are compared with the conventional CUSUM and combined Shewhart-CUSUM charts. Based on a proposed criterion, the integrated relative ARL, the proposed schemes show better performance in detecting a range of mean shifts.


This study investigates the surface modification of copper mesh using modified TiO2 coatings to enhance its surface hydrophobic properties while preserving electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness. Silicon coupling agent treated TiO2 particles were employed to create micro/nanostructured superhydrophobic coatings. The deposition times was found to influence the coating distribution, pore filling, and surface hydrophobicity. S -TiO2@Cu mesh with single layer of modified TiO2 coating exhibited the highest water contact angle compared with T -TiO2@Cu mesh with triple layer coatings and original O -TiO2@Cu mesh. Superior self-cleaning performance and robust wear resistance of the hydrophobic coatings for S -TiO2@Cu mesh are revealed. In addition, both S -TiO2@Cu mesh and T -TiO2@Cu mesh exhibited satisfactory EMI shielding efficiency without compromising the intrinsic properties of the copper mesh. These findings provide practical insights into surface modification of copper mesh substrate, emphasizing the balance between surface properties and EMI shielding. The hydrophobic coatings hold promise for multifunctional applications, offering enhanced surface properties without compromising EMI shielding performance.


Background: Mother's own milk (MOM) improves in-hospital outcomes for preterm infants. If unavailable, donor milk (DM) is often substituted. It is unclear if DM vs. formula to supplement MOM is associated with improved in-hospital outcomes in term/late preterm surgical infants with gastroschisis or intestinal atresia. Methods: This retrospective study included infants born ≥33 weeks gestational age (GA) with a birth weight of >1500 g who were admitted to a quaternary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Using Chi square and Mann-Whitney u testing, we compared hospital outcomes (length of stay, parenteral nutrition and central line days) before and after a clinical practice change to offer DM instead of formula in this surgical population. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between eras for the 140 infants (median GA 37 weeks). Fewer infants in DM era were receiving formula at discharge (50.0% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.03). In sub-analyses including only small bowel atresia and gastroschisis infants, the median length of stay (35 vs. 25, p < 0.01) and the central line days (28 vs. 20, p < 0.01) were lower in the DM era. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, offering DM instead of formula was associated with less formula feeding at discharge, and in infants with gastroschisis or small bowel atresia, shorter length of stay and central line days.


Plant based compounds are used as an alternate to chemically synthesized compounds in pharmaceutical industries. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf extract of two medicinal plants i.e. Murraya koiengii and Ficus palmata collected from north-western Himalayan region. The phytochemical screening of these plant extract showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and the absence of terpenoids and saponins. The qualitative data analysis confirmed the highest level of phytochemicals in Murraya koiengii plant extract as compared to Ficus palmata. The antioxidant results show the dose dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the extracts was found at concentration of 1.5625 mg/ml for Murraya koiengii and 3.125 mg/ml for Ficus palmata. The present study supports the use plant extracts as an alternative medicine in the ailment of many diseases.


The graphic file is applied very widely;however,different drawing platforms can not share resource because of the file's format.In order to solve the problem of the compatibility among the graphic files,resource sharing is realized by using.Through analyzing structure and information of DXF file exactly,the method of information acquisition and creating DXF file is provided,and the realization process is presented.