In a review of nutrition and ageing (Munro, 1981), it was suggested that research on this topic can be divided into three headings. First, there are the changes in body composition and physiological function that occur progressively throughout adult life. In most cases it is uncertain whether these processes are responsive to nutritional status. Second, some chronic diseases and disabilities of adults increase with age; in some cases, such as atherosclerosis, there is controversial evidence relating the progress of this condition to nutrient intakes. Finally, there is the tendency of adults to reduce their total food intake progressively as they get older. This usually results in diminished intakes of most nutrients. In most cases, our ignorance of the needs of adults for individual nutrients as they get older does not allow us to say whether this reduction in intake falls below the amount necessary to maintain optimum body function. age to health-related


Corpora curated by experts have sustained Natural Language Processing mainly in English, but the expensiveness of corpora creation is a barrier for the development in further languages. Thus, we propose a corpus generation strategy that only requires a machine translation system between English and the target language in both directions, where we filter the best translations by computing automatic translation metrics and the task performance score. By studying Reading Comprehension in Spanish and Word Sense Disambiguation in Portuguese, we identified that a more quality-oriented metric has high potential in the corpora selection without degrading the task performance. We conclude that it is possible to systematise the building of quality corpora using machine translation and automatic metrics, besides some prior effort to clean and process the data.


The successful year of 2003 was characterized by balance in every domain. We have a wide range of experience in the fi eld of surface inspection – especially with respect to the development of algorithms and systems for the monitoring, examination, and evaluation of textured surfaces (e. g., paper, textiles, nonwovens, wood, fi ber plates, and coatings). Also in 2003, especially tailored inspection systems for industrial application were integrated into the production processes of several customers. The development of autonomous railway monitoring systems, which has been the subject of our research for many years now, also was continued in 2003 without interruption.


With the development of economic globalization, economic exchanges between people have become increasingly close and frequent, it not only a symbol of economic prosperity, but also provides more possibility to all kinds of economic crimes [2]. The Money Laundering, among them, causes the most serious harm to national security, financial system and development of global economic with involving an amount in large, covering a wide range and complicated process. So we focus on anti-money laundering which is topic of highly concerned. The project aims to determine an effective approach to detect and curb the money laundering. In work of anti-money laundering, effective monitoring of suspicious transactions and, intelligence gathering and investigate all those transaction carefully. We will do the data mining for all transaction.


—Concurrent processing of sophisticated tasks on mobile devices could consume a lot of energy and processing time because of their limited resources. In order to offload mobile devices, some tasks are uploaded to the cloud server for execution. However, it is very difficult to choose which tasks to upload to the cloud because it needs to ensure two requirements: Optimizing energy costs and optimizing execution time costs. In this paper, we introduce a method to offload mobile devices when it processes multiple tasks concurrently. By applying the proposed energy automata from previous studies, our method allows for the identification of factors influencing the energy consumption and execution time of tasks, while also proposing an objective function and algorithms to make the offloading decision. When we applied the proposed method to an actual image processing application to process 1000 photos on a mobile device, it could save a maximum of 24.1% of energy, 37.6% of processing time, and an average of 18% of energy, 21% of processing time compared to non-offloading.


A new approach to the construction of multidimensional trellis codes is considered. The basic idea is to send more bits per channel over the bandlimited channel by using the whole possible multidimensional (MD) constellation.


We present a systematic introduction to a class of functions that provide fundamental solutions for autonomous linear integer-order and fractional-order delay differential equations. These functions, referred to as delay functions, are defined through power series or fractional power series, with delays incorporated into their series representations. Using this approach, we have defined delay exponential functions, delay trigonometric functions and delay fractional Mittag-Leffler functions, among others. We obtained Laplace transforms of the delay functions and demonstrated how they can be employed in finding solutions to delay differential equations. Our results, which extend and unify previous work, offer a consistent framework for defining and using delay functions.


Radiation-induced decay of crystal diffraction and additional specific chemical changes of macromolecules forming the crystal lattice are currently two of the main limiting factors in the acquisition of macromolecular diffraction data and macromolecular structure determination. Data-processing and phasing protocols are discussed in the context of radiation-induced changes.


Taking a cognitive-pragmatic approach, this paper focuses on the contextual constraints on the metonymic thinking of "What's X doing Y?" construction. First, we explore the conditions for the conventional metonymic thinking of "What's X doing Y?" construction. It is argued that the construction involves no metonymic thinking in cases where the speaker only wants to get information. Secondly, we discuss under what circumstances the metonymic thinking of the construction will involve either two domains or three domains. Even if the speaker uses the construction to show metonymically his dissatisfaction, so long as the speaker only talks to himself or just speaks out of surprise, then the metonymic thinking will only involve two domains. If the speaker indirectly asks the person beside him to stop the action as expressed by the construction, then the metonymy in the construction will involve three domains. Thirdly, we discuss the different functions of the verb "doing" in different contexts. Finally, we draw attention to the difference between specific conversational context and conventional context.


Abstract:
This chapter considers why the imperatives of cultural development and economy are often perceived to be contradictory; the fundamental ambiguity of meaning of the category "culture''; the conflict between socially established understandings of the category "culture'' and the patterns of cultural practice created by contemporary circumstances (notably the industrialization/popularization of culture and globalization of
economic activity). It examines the importance of language as a factor in explaining the structure of important cultural markets and considers the distinctive position of "new societies'' in the global cultural economy and the possibilities offered by Canada's linguistic endowment.

Resume:
Cet article considere: pourquoi l'on percoit souvent les besoins de developpement culturel et les besoins economiques comme etant contradictoires; l'ambiguite fondamentale du sens du mot "culture"; le conflit entre les perceptions conventionnelles de la "culture" et les pratiques culturelles produites dans les circonstances actuelles (notamment l'industrialisation de la culture et sa popularisation, et la globalisation des activites economiques). L'article examine l'importance de la langue comme element structural des marches culturels importants, et considere la position distincte de "societes nouvelles" dans l'economie
culturelle globale et les possibilites que la richesse linguistique du Canada peuvent offrir.


In designing computer chess, the necessary aspects such as data structure, move generator, evaluation function and the minimax algorithm. Data structure is how to represent a chess board position and arrangement of the objects into the application / program. Move the generator is used to describe the rules of the steps in chess pawns. Evaluation function to evaluate how good or how bad of a board position and deliver value more or less the same. And the minimax algorithm as a method of decision-making to get the best value.
This study will discuss the application of minimax algorithms in computer chess. The core of this algorithm is where players fight to get the maximum value, while the computer struggling to get the minimum value. With the implementation of this algorithm, all possible steps in chess analyzed so that decisions can best be achieved with a relatively fast time corresponding number of possibilities and depth of the level is read. And from the test results are known on average computation time taken is 0.99 seconds in the 10 samples step-level games and the depth used is 2 levels.


The final purpose of this study is to propose learning support methods, in particular collaborative support methods and behaviors, of the learning supporter in e-Learning environment with ICT tools such as SNS, Web Bulletin Board and so on. It is thought that the success or failure of the learning in this e-Learning environment depends on the following factors; (I) Ability for distance support of learning supporter such as tutor, mentor, facilitator and moderator, (II) Competency of learner about learning skill (such as method, attitude and so on) of learner in e-Learning environment, (III) Development of e-Learning environment and distance learning support environment where learners and learning supporters can learn and work actively. So, we need to consider these factors. In this paper, we report a case practice and its evaluation of the Distance TA training program to enhance distance support ability of learning supporter in e-Learning environment, including Distance TA program held in 2010 by the Distance TAs of university students.


The iron and steel industry produces a large number of low-grade waste heat resources, which are not fully utilized. In addition, the iron and steel industry consumes a lot of water. This paper presents a method of utilizing waste heat of blast furnace slag flushing water for seawater desalination. After the flash process, heat exchange process and heat repair process, the blast furnace slag water was converted into steam which is 70 °C, which provided a heat source for MED (Multi-effect Desalination). This utilization method of waste heat was verified by thermodynamics and production data.


In this paper, the implementation of the finite difference WENO scheme maintaining velocity, pressure and temperature equilibrium in the multicomponent compressible fluid analysis is discussed. First, the new finite difference WENO scheme is proposed for the quasi-conservative form which is often used in the finite volume formulation in the previous study. This new WENO scheme adopts the split form which separates the consistent and dissipation parts, and the dissipation part is formulated in a conservative form, keeping the conservation for conservative variables. The proposed scheme can keep the velocity, pressure and temperature equilibriums for the various problems. Based on the results here and previous studies, the vector form of numerical dissipation is reconsidered.


Since the start of the pandemic, the number of positive COVID-19 cases in DIY has been steadily increasing. This includes the Kasihan 2 Health Center in Bantul's work area. UMY Thematic Health KKN students identified several Covid-19-related issues. Based on the root cause analysis, four programs have been identified: (1) IT-based assistance and monitoring programs for COVID-19 survivors, (2) comorbid screening programs for the elderly population, (3) mentoring programs for COVID-19 survivors who have recovered, and (4) Covid-19 transmission prevention programs, vaccinations, and the implementation of new adaptations for health cadres and community volunteers. With this activity, it is hoped that patients will be able to live a happy isolation period, without appearing to be isolated and feeling cared for, so that immunity can be maintained and healed without sequelae, there is an increase in the knowledge of post-recovery patients so that they do not become infected again, and they can also become reliable educators and motivators for other communities. , the gathering of information on the elderly with comorbidities. Furthermore, it is hoped that by optimizing the empowerment of health cadres and community volunteers, public awareness of the importance of adhering to health protocols during the new life during the COVID-19 pandemic will increase. Door-to-door comorbid screening activities cannot be carried out optimally because, according to the Covid-19 task force, they are too dangerous for students. In general, all activities went off without a hitch, with nearly 100% participation.


Abstract The concept of investigations carried out to increase the reliability of metallic structures designed for operation in the conditions of low climatic temperatures is described. The worldwide tendencies in the investigation of the processes of the formation and fracture of materials and components at low climatic temperatures are analysed. The main methodological approaches, directed at ensuring high parameters of the service reliability of structures in low carbon, low alloy steels are outlined. The experimental data obtained in this area are analysed. The directions for further experimental and theoretical studies are indicated.


This paper extends Keller's classic solution for the optimal design of columns to the case of plates. After the introduction of nondimensional variables, a calculus of variations technique is used to derive an optimality condition, which states that "the strain-energy density is proportional to the thickness in an optimal plate design." The case of a simply supported plate is then discussed, using a truncated Fourier series solution. For a square, isotropic plate, the buckling load of the optimal design is larger than that of the uniform plate by a factor of 1.71 + 1.37 υ\N (υ\N is Poisson's ratio). An appendix is included which discusses Keller's original solution and shows how it can be applied when a fourth-order differential equation is used rather than the second-order one used by Keller. This appendix also discusses the use of a truncated Fourier series and Rayleigh's method as an approximation of Keller's result, thus laying the groundwork for the use of Fourier series in the plate problem.


About the Authors. Acknowledgments. Introduction: Why These Assessment Opportunities Make Sense in a World Where Assessment of Factual Knowledge Has Taken Hold (Elizabeth Gayton). 1. Why Creative Assessment (Richard J. Mezeske, Barbara A. Mezeske)? 2. Concept Mapping: Assessing Pre-Service Teachers' Understanding and Knowledge (Richard J. Mezeske). 3. Getting Creative in a Required Course: Variable Grading, Learning Logs, and Authentic Testing (Barbara A. Mezeske). 4. "From Now On You'll Be History": The Transition from Memorization to Analysis (Janis M. Gibbs). 5. Resurrecting the Lab Practical (Kathy Winnett-Murray). 6. Exams as Learning Experiences: One Nutty Idea After Another (Thomas Smith). 7. Web-Based Instruction and Assessment in a German Culture Course (Lee Forester). 8. Challenging Students (and the Professor) to Use All of Their Brains: A Semester-Long Exercise in Thinking Styles and Synthesis (Elizabeth A. Trembley). 9. Demonstrating Synthesis: Technology Assessment Tools for Field Experience Learning (Susan Cherup). 10. Assessing an Engineering Design Team Project: Build It, and They Will Come (Michael Misovich and Roger Veldman). 11. Tracking Learning Over Time in Health Care Education Using Clinical Proficiency Transcripts (Richard Ray). 12. Verbing the Noun: Grammar in Action (Rhoda Janzen). 13. Hands-On Assessment Can Work for Pre-Service Elementary Teachers (Mary DeYoung). 14. Building Assignments Within Community: Assessment in the Real World (David B. Schock). Conclusion: Do Classroom Assessment Techniques Improve Student Learning and Fulfill Larger Assessment Goals (Scott VanderStoep and Carla Reyes). Index.


Autonomous pedogenesis on silty clay loamy rocks of edoma deposits (ice-rich rocks in which ice wedges separate the blocks of earthy material) in tundra landscapes of the Kolyma Lowland results in the formation of two types of cryohydromorphic soils: gleysols and nongley soils (tundra gley soils and tundra cryozems, respectively). The main properties of these soils and their position in the relief are described. The reasons for the coexistence of both soil groups in the region studied are discussed.


As state funding for public higher education has declined, there is a rising demand for accountability. Past studies have relied on indicator ratios to look at the relationship between funding and performance measures. This approach has some inherent problems that make it difficult to identify inefficiencies. This chapter will study efficiency in state systems of higher education by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA methodology converts multiple variables into a single comprehensive measure of performance efficiency and has the ability to perform benchmarking for the purpose of establishing performance goals. The advantages of DEA modeling will be shown by comparing results with those from a recent study of higher education finance based on publicly available data. DEA is shown to be feasible and implementable for studying state systems of higher education, and provides useful information in identifying "best practice" state systems and guidance for improvement. The value of DEA modeling to state policy makers and education researchers is discussed.


Bragg diffraction imaging techniques are described, and their capabilities for studying the quality of diamond substrates and overgrown layers, and the surface damage caused by mechanical polishing, are illustrated by examples.


Survival during the larval and juvenile stages of marine fishes is highly variable and plays a critical role in determining recruitment potential (Cushing, 1975; Houde, 1987). Early life survival is a function of both growth and mortality, and it is clear that these mechanisms act in concert to determine an individual's probability of survival (Houde, 1996). Individuals experiencing rapid growth will spend less time in vulnerable size ranges (reduced stage duration) and achieve a larger body size at a given age, thus enhancing their ability to detect and escape predators (Bailey and Houde, 1989; Fuiman and Magurran, 1994). Consequently, recruitment success or failure is closely linked to variation in growth and mortality during the early life stage. Much of our current understanding of early life growth and mortality is based on information derived from the examination of otolith microstructures. The daily deposition of growth increments on otoliths has been demonstrated for many marine teleosts and provides a means Spatial and temporal variability in growth, mortality, and recruitment potential of postsettlement red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, in a subtropical estuary*


Dear Sir, We acknowledge the interest of Dr. Rabe and Dr. Mercer for our paper about an early cord clamping in neonates at risk for polycythemia and appreciate their criticisms. Most of the literature quoted by Dr. Rabe and Dr. Mercer refers to the effects of a delayed cord clamping to interrupt fetal blood supply and polycythemia in the general neonatal population (term or preterm). We believe, however, that there is a substantial difference about the effect of blood volume shift (as implied by a delayed interruption of placental-fetal connection) in unselected neonates when compared to infants of diabetic mothers or with IUGR. The latter populations are often already polycythemic at birth for, most likely, an erythropoietindependent and blood volume-independent mechanism [1, 2]. Hemoconcentration soon after birth further increases the hematocrit [3] and the chances to become symptomatic in these babies. There is no previous study, to the best of our knowledge, on the hemodynamic effects of blood volume movements in this particular setting. It is reasonable to believe that averting an average 7–10% total body blood volume contained in the cord (far from the critical volumes cited by Dr. Rabe and Dr. Mercer) at birth before hemoconcentration could help to prevent symptomatic polycythemia. Our intervention at birth was therefore to prevent the cord blood content to enter the circulation with a second cord clamp (i.e. no intervention was done on the interruption of placental-fetal connection) close to the abdomen in a selected population of at-risk neonates. Patients in the study were not randomized. However, 'selecting patients most at risk for polycythemia in the treatment group was an expected act rather than in favour of the studied treatment'. Seizures and cyanotic spells have been described as part of the clinical picture of polycythemia/ hyperviscosity syndrome [3, 4]. There is little ground, on the basis of our limited numbers, to think that treatment might have played a role. If anything, our intervention might have been ineffective in those individual neonates. We completely share Dr. Rabe and Dr. Mercer's call for further research on the open issues of neonatal polycythemia and its clinical consequences and thank them for their attention.


In recent years, the problems of lack of local workers participate in the construction
industry was getting serious. This had led to the employer's having an excuse to employ
foreign workers. This research aims to determine the employer's perspective toward the
local employment in the Malaysian construction industry. As well as, the current issues
in construction and the employment issue. Moreover, this study was to determine the
ways of encouraging the employer in employing the local workmen in the construction
industry.
All of these is because the construction industry as a '3D' working place which represents
dangerous, difficult and dirty. Other than this factor, the low wages and the higher
education among the citizens especially on the young generation also was the factor
leading the citizens not willing works in the construction industry. The huge influx of
foreign workers will affect the living standards and wages in Malaysia. Besides, the crime
rate, social problems and dangerous diseases brought by foreign workers also increase.
Moreover, the strategies to encourage the employer in employing local workers. The
government had legal change towards the foreign workers, more strict law is applied.
The method used to carry out analysis for this study are involved literature reviews and
data collection. The data was collected through questionnaire. Besides, based on the
results received by the respondents had proven that these issues were really exists. There
were lack of local workmen participant in construction industry and the main reason was
due to low wages and the '3D' environment workplace. Influx of foreign workers will
bring the negative impact such as diseases, cash outflow and others. Furthermore, the best
solution to solve the employment issues were admen the minimum wage system.


The aim of this research is (1) to know the implementation strategy of Problem Based Learning (PBL) that is used to improve mathematically ability students in the Linear Progamming (2) to know the increasing of mathematically ability students in the Linear Progamming in class XI-IPA SMA Islam Al-Ulum Terpadu Medan T.A 2016/2017 after the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) material Linear Progamming in class XI-IPA SMA Islam Al-Ulum Terpadu Medan T.A 2016/2017. Subjects in this research were students of class XI-IPA SMA Islam Al-Ulum Terpadu Medan T.A 2016/2017 totaling 38 students and the object of this study is used to improve mathematically ability students in the Linear Progamming in class XI-IPA SMA Islam Al-Ulum Terpadu Medan T.A 2016/2017. The research instrument used is observation, tests and documentation. From the test mathematically ability results, it can be concluded that the implementation strategy of Problem Based Learning (PBL) that is used to improve mathematically ability students in the Linear Progamming in class XI-IPA SMA Islam Al-Ulum Terpadu Medan T.A 2016/2017.


This paper investigated the effect of pre\|sowing irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer supply on grain yield formation. Four treatments were employed: CK was as a control, P was phosphorus fertilizer applied in cultivated soil layer, W was pre\|sowing irrigation with 30 mm water depth, WP was W plus P. Soil moisture, root and shoot biomass, and grain yield were measured in the given periods. The root biomass and its distribution in medium and down soil layers in WP treatment were higher than others. Compared to W treatment, water use from soil in WP treatment did not increase, but its water use efficiency and grain yield increased. The most important factors determining grain yield were quantity and quality of spikelets and florets formation in wheat plants. The mean water use from soil profile in W and WP treatments were 64 6 mm, it is light higher than the amount of pre\|sowing irrigation. The grain yields in CK, P, W and WP treatments were 917 7,1191 1,2516 5,2734 1 kg/hm\+2, the water use efficiencies were 0 186,0 192,0 172,0 207 g /(mm·m\+2).


Natural Language Generation(NLG) is the subfield of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics that(focuses) on computer system that can produce understandable texts.In general terms,the classical model can be usefully decomposed into three component modules,as the document planner,the microplanner and the surface realiser,modularisation can make it easier to reuse and modify components.It also categorizes the processing performed by these modules in terms of content determination,document structuring,aggregation,lexicalization,referring expression generation,linguistics realization and structure realization, at last points out the new direction and hotspot.


Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most important complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occurring in 14-75% of SLE patients. Neurological and psychiatric involvement is mainly manifested as cerebrovascular disease, seizures, cognitive impairment, headaches and psychosis. However, diagnosis of brain involvement in SLE (i.e., neuropsychiatriclupus: NPSLE) as well as understandingof pathogeneticmechanisms still remains a difficult challenge.Althougha wide rangeof neurodiagnostictools have been used in the last decadeto assess CNS involvement, no single technique has proven to be definitive or reliable. Since neurometabolic impairment, neurochemistry and perfusion abnormalities in NPSLE may precede anatomic lesions, new functional techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion weighted imaging, and magnetization transfer imaging may be useful in order to indentify pathologic changes unrevealed by conventionalimaging. So these new diagnostic tools could modify diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this major unsolved problem, also shedding some light on the physiopathologyof CNS disease in SLE.


Novel 9-proparylcarbazole monomers containing amino acid moieties, 2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-alanine-9-proparylcarbazole ester (1), 2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-O-cyclohexyl-L-glutamic acid-9-proparylcarbazole ester (2) and 2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-phenylalanine-9-proparylcarbazole ester (3) were synthesized and polymerized with (nbd)Rh+ [η6-C6H5B–(C6H5)3] to give the corresponding polymers with number-average molecular weights ranging from 7050 to 10500 in 70%–86% yields. The polymers were completely soluble in toluene, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, THF and DMSO, but insoluble in hexane, diethyl ether and MeOH. The specific rotation studies revealed that poly(1)–poly(3) do not took predominantly one-handed helical structures in the solvents although they possess chiral groups. The polymers emitted fluorescence in 0.40%–2.35% quantum yields. The cyclic voltammograms of the polymers indicated that the polymers exhibited electrochemical properties.


This paper addresses the case of tropical cyclone warnings in Northern Australia and briefly outlines the nature, logic, and findings of a psychological preparedness intervention trailed in Cairns, Queensland, during the 1996/1997cyclone season. The aim of the research was to trial, evaluate and refine an innovative natural disaster public education and warning communication intervention focusing on tropical cyclone preparedness and response. This risk communication intervention involved the dissemination of selected psychological information designed to enable individuals to better cope with themselves and others in an increasingly threatening situation. The psycho-educational content material incorporated was derived from 'Stress Inoculation Theory' (Meichenbaum, 1985; 1994; Meichenbaum and Deffenbacher, 1988). The research found that the pre-cyclone season period is a critically important time and venue for prevention and mitigation, and that psychological factors and processes during this threat period are of singular importance to effective coping and adaptive responding. The research also clearly indicated that there are a substantial number of residents in cyclone-prone communities for whom chronic anxiety, avoidant coping styles, and prior traumatic experience constitute both a substantial vulnerability factor and a genuine impediment to psychological and physical preparedness.


Studies investigating the association of chronic kidney disease and cancer have focused on estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rather than on albuminuria. The few studies focusing on albuminuria provide results that vary considerably, probably due to a lack of consideration of eGFR, their limited sample sizes, and that different albuminuria measurement techniques were used. This study therefore aimed to investigate the eGFR independent risk of cancer incidence associated with albuminuria measured as ACR as well as by dipstick in a large Swedish population.

 We included subjects of the Stockholm Creatinine Measurements (SCREAM) project without a history of cancer, 250,768 subjects with at least 1 urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) test (primary cohort), and 433,850 subjects with at least 1 dipstick albuminuria test (secondary cohort). Albuminuria was quantified as KDIGO albuminuria stages. The primary outcome was overall cancer incidence. Secondary outcomes were site-specific cancer incidence rates. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CIs) crude, and additionally adjusted for confounders including baseline eGFR.

 During a median follow-up of 4.3 (IQR, 2.0-8.2) years, 21,901 subjects of the ACR cohort developed de novo cancer. In multivariable analyses, adjusting among others for eGFR, subjects with an ACR of 30–299 mg/g or ≥300 mg/g had a 23% (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19-1.28) and 40% (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.31-1.50) higher risk of developing cancer, respectively, when compared to subjects with an ACR ≪30 mg/g. This graded, independent association was also observed for urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, lung, and hematological cancer incidence (all P≪0.05). No significant associations of albuminuria with the incidence of melanoma, breast, and prostate cancers were found. Results were similar in the dipstick albuminuria cohort, and were robust in several sensitivity analyses.

 Albuminuria was associated with the risk of cancer independent of eGFR. This association was primarily driven by a higher risk of urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, lung, and hematological cancers.


. With the continuous development of modern society, organizations pay more and more attention to the study of organizational culture in order to better adapt to the changes of internal and external environment. Administrative organizational culture, as an important branch part of organizational culture, is also highly valued today when China is committed to creating a people-satisfied service-orientedgovernment,buttherearestillmanyshortcomingsintheconstruc-tionoflocalgovernmentadministrativeorganizationalculture,whichrequiresthe attentionofgovernmentsatalllevelsandeffortstoimprovetheconstructionof localgovernmentadministrativeorganizationalculturesystem.


The purpose of this study is to enhance the quality of heavy oil through refinement using aquathermolysis with the simultaneous injection of steam and thermally stable nonionic surfactants (NS). To achieve this, the NS R-PPG of the nonionic type was synthesized, and the optimal product structures were characterized using infrared (IR) methods. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the synthesized NS R-PPG was investigated in line with the requirements for surfactants used in heavy oil applications. Subsequently, the study delved into investigating the hydrothermal upgrading of heavy oil with a catalyst, involving the joint participation of steam and surfactants at a temperature of 250 °C. Additionally, we assessed the improved oil characteristics resulting from the experimental process through SARA analysis, elemental analysis, GC, and viscosity reduction evaluations. The experimental results demonstrated distinct effects concerning the presence and absence of surfactants on heavy oil. Based on these findings, we conclude that surfactants play a crucial role in dispersing asphaltene clusters, thereby facilitating the decomposition process under mild thermobaric conditions, leading to a noticeable increase in the content of light fractions. Furthermore, as per the results of the elemental analysis, surfactants contribute significantly to the desulfurization of heavy oil. Overall, the incorporation of surfactants during hydrothermal upgrading resulted in an irreversible reduction in the viscosity of heavy oil, thereby enhancing its overall quality.


Objective To investigate the effect of fibrin sealant cefazoline sodium implant on prevention and treatment of orthopaedic infection. Methods The fibrin sealant antibiotic implant was made by 10 ml (100 mg/ml) profibrin (Human) mixed with 2.0 g cefazoline sodium, after which 5 ml (200 PE/ml) prothrombin complex concentrate (Human) was added. A total of 24 female New Zealand white rabbits were recruited in the study and divided into three groups, ie, Group A that was implanted with the fibrin sealant antibiotic implant, Group B that was implanted with antibiotic and Group C that was as control. The model of bone infection was made by injecting 0.2 ml(1×10~6 CFU/ml) staphylococcus aureus into the bone hole in tibia of two legs. The histologic and radiologic bone changes were evaluated 2, 4 and 8 weeks after therapy. And in vitro release test was performed. Results There was not evidence of osteomyelitis in Group A, but the osteomyelitis was observed in Groups B and C. Concentration of cefazoline sodium about (1 043.94±0.20) μg per piece was released from fibrin sealant cefazoline sodium implant within the first 24 hours by in vitro diffusion test but felt to (7.21±0.02) μg per piece at the 35th day. Conclusion The fibrin sealant cefazoline sodium implant is simple to make and effective in preventing and treating orthopaedic infection as well as in improving repair of the bone defects.


Interspecific hybridization is one of the most controversial—and usually neglected—issues in conservation due to its multiple evolutionary consequences that might include the origin and transfer of adaptations, the blur of distinctive lineages or the formation of maladaptive hybrids. However, despite different outcomes, most conservation laws do not offer any possibility of hybrids being protected since they are perceived as a threat to the survival of pure species. We assessed how much hybridization has contributed to species extinction considering all IUCN Red Data assessments. However, we found that it has been scarcely reported as a threat contributing to extinction: only 11 extinct species out of 120,369 assessments mentioned hybridization. Although the causes that contribute to species extinctions should be controlled, the reasons for not conserving hybrids seem subjective rather than empirically supported. In a genomic era where hybridization is being more frequently detected, the debate involving the conservation of hybrids should be re-opened. Should we conserve hybrids despite the possibility of gene flow with parental species? Should we protect only natural hybrids? The resolution of this debate goes to the heart of what we mean to conserve and the time scale of conservation. But hybridization is part of the evolutionary process and might even increase in the future due to human-induced changes. As such, it becomes clear that we need to move beyond the causes and instead tackle the consequences of hybridization to create environmental policies for the management of hybrids, considering both positive and negative consequences.


X(t;z) for given formal power series initial conditions. Under suitable conditions and by the application of certain q−Borel and Laplace transforms (introduced by J.-P. Ramis and C. Zhang), we are able to deal with the small divisors phenomenon caused by the Fuchsian singularity, and to construct actual holomorphic solutions of the Cauchy problem whose q−asymptotic expansion in t, uniformly for z in the compact sets of C, is ˆ X(t;z). The small divisors's effect is an increase in the order of q−exponential growth and the appearance of a power of the factorial in the corresponding q−Gevrey bounds in the asymptotics.


Erbium-doped holey fiber with hexagonal lattice was modeled by using effective index method. In order to calculate the equivalent step index of the periodic structure of the cladding holey optical fiber, all-vectorial fundamental space filling mode approach was utilized. By using EH11 mode, we have numerically solved the rate equations of a three-level pumping scheme for a fiber laser. The obtained results have shown a good agreement with the other experimental results, recently. The results have predicted amplifiers with gain efficiencies as high as 10 dB/mW. OCIS codes: 060.2310, 060.2410, 060.2320, 140.3500, 140.4480. doi: 10.3788/COL20080609.0644. In erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), to obtain high gain efficiency one needs to use fibers with high numerical aperture (NA) to achieve the maximum population inversion of the erbium ions. It is useful to confine the erbium ions to the central part of the core to enforce the pumping light propagating with the fundamental HE11 mode [1,2] . Germanium-doping, which is used in the core of high NA fiber, reduces the emission bandwidth of the Er 3+ ions and limits its concentrations. This results in narrower gain bandwidths and increases the device


This report or review of the Unionidce of Fulton County, Illinois, is based mainly on researches made on Spoon River, a tributary of the Illinois and at a point about twenty miles from its mouth. It is a sinuous, winding stream, something over 100 miles long and with a width varying from 100 to 150 feet. TLhe valley through which it courses averages about one mile in width. In many places cultivated fields come up to the very banks of the stream, and then alternate with strips of timber, or a fringe four or five rods wide of willow, silver maple or elm, is left by the thrifty farmer to protect and hold the banks. Occasionally a great white-armed sycamore is still to be seen, a veritable giant left standing as a memento of the great forest hat once filled all this beautiful valley. The bed and banks of the stream present a variety of conditions suitable to the tastes and habits of a large number of the Unionidoe. Deposits of black mud, or of mud and clay, sand-banks, and long stretches of rocky or pebbly bottom covered with a sufficient deposit of mud and sand to afford a burrowing place for the molluscs of the river. The river is a clear-running spring-fed stream, with but little iron, lime or other corroding substances to damage or disfigure the shells; consequently they grow to a size and attain a beauty of markings and coloration not often excelled in the same species found in other water courses. My observations have for the most part been confined to a part of the stream lying within four or five miles above and below the village of Bernadotte, and at such odd times and moments as a busy practitioner could spare from a large country practice. Provided with a bag or basket, and attired in gum boots reaching to the hips, a hurried run would be


AbstractThe finite-element formulation of a coupled fluid flow and geomechanics for two-phase fluid flow through fractured porous media are presented. Two porosities, pores and fractures, and five phases are introduced. The two fluids are taken as wetting and nonwetting. The governing equations are derived based on the theory of poroelasticity, the effective stress principle, and the balance equations of mass and momentum, taking into account the solubility of nonwetting fluid into wetting fluid. Spatial and temporal discretization of the governing equations has been realized through the Galerkin method and the finite-difference technique, respectively. A three-dimensional numerical code has been developed and validated based on previously published data. Various applications of the model have been demonstrated through three field-scale examples.


This study aimed to evaluate the water use efficiency and yield of broccoli, irrigated by surface and subsurface drip and cultivated with no-till vegetable system (NTVS), using different species of cover plants for straw formation. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement (4 soil covers and 2 types of drip irrigation: surface and subsurface). The treatments related to the cultivation system were: control treatment, cultivated under conventional tillage and uncovered soil (CT), and three treatments cultivated in NTVS varying the residual straw species used as soil cover, namely: straw from intercropping of Crotalaria ochroleuca and Brachiaria ruziziensis (NT1), straw from only C. ochroleuca (NT2) and straw from only B. ruziziensis (NT3). Treatments with NTVS obtained yield levels higher than or similar to that of the control treatment. NT1, with straw from the intercropping of C. ochroleuca and B. ruziziensis, stood out with a 27% increase in marketable yield of inflorescence (18.68 t ha-1) and higher water use efficiency (17.57 kg m-3), being 54% more efficient than the treatment with conventional tillage.


Most of dialysis patients present components of frailty: comorbidities, disabilities, dependence, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, and poor social conditions. Frailty is suspected to affect the quality of life (QoL) of dialysis patients. This study aims to evaluate this relation. Little is available in the Literature on this topic. We enrolled 203 out of 233 prevalent dialysis patients in the Trieste area. We administered to them the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, applied Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Subjective Global Assessment scales, Karnofsky Index, and analyzed their social conditions. Patients (126 males) had a mean age of 72.03+11.9 years, and a dialytic age of 42.6+55.6 months. The physical component of QoL (39.3+10.4) is more compromised than the mental one that is 48.5+8.6 (0–100 scale). Dependence (p<0.001), malnutrition (p=0.001) and disability (p=0.005) had a negative role on many domains of SF-36. Linear regression analysis excluded comorbidities, even significant at an univariate analysis (data adjusted for gender, age and age in dialysis). Living with family (p=0.002), good economic conditions (p=0.01), and, above all, social relationships (p<0.001) were significantly related with a better QoL (test ANOVA). Constant screening of patients, nutritional and functional rehabilitation, prevention of social isolation through social and health services are indispensable to guarantee a satisfactory QoL.


Accounting profession education is important because it can produce professional accountants, but the interest in following it is currently still low. This study aims to determine the effect of career motivation, degree motivation, perceived cost of education, and parental influence on interest in pursuing accounting profession education. The population is all active students of accounting in the morning and evening regular FEB Unud class of 2017 as many as 287. The sample collection technique is the purposive sampling method. The number of samples is 143 with the data collection method using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that career motivation and degree motivation have an effect on interest in attending accounting profession education, perceptions of educational costs and parental influence have no effect on interest in PPAk.
Keywords: Career Motivation; Degree Motivation; Perceptions of Education Costs; Parental Influence; Accountant Professional Education.


A family of hybrid organic–inorganic network materials—the star gels and glasses—has been synthesized from highly functional poly(alkoxysilane) molecular precursors. The starting silanes comprise an atomic, linear or cyclic core with multiple flexible arms which terminate in network-forming trialkoxysilane groups. With typically 12 alkoxysilane groups per molecule, gelation rates in aqueous or formic acid media can be extremely high, but can be attenuated several orders of magnitude by choice of solvent system. Transparent, non-porous glasses generated from gels include large, flexible rings. Compressive stress–strain and nanoindentation tests indicate very high levels of toughness and show no evidence of any plastic deformation even under stresses which fracture fused silica. Inclusion of 5% of a star silane will substantially toughen purely inorganic glasses. The organic content of the networks can be increased by lengthening the arms; the inorganic content can be increased via co-gelation with simple tetraalkoxysilanes such as TEOS. Fluorine-bearing silanes have been used to surface-modify elastomers via
 "fluoroinfusion" in which sol–gel-generated networks interpenetrate those of the rubber. Gelation chemistry, kinetics, network architecture and relaxation behavior of the star glasses are discussed in the review.


Work involves food security issues in the Russian Federation related to transgenic products. Article is devoted by research of foodstuff on existence genno the modified organisms. To be provided the state-of-the-art review on this subject in which the relation to GMO in the world and in the territory of our country is considered. Provides examples transgenic lines and manufacturers. Are lit regulatory sequences and genes of transgene inserts of the lines allowed for application in foodstuff and sterns in the territory of the Russian Federation are covered. In the course of was carried out DNA extraction from food and detection of genomic NOS terminator Ephs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolation and PCR was carried out with the help of ready-made kits of reagents. Detection of results was carried out by an electrophoresis method. The most popular were used, among the population, brand of producers. Monitoring of a sales market of production, was conducted independently, in the territory of Astrakhan. The objects of our study were: frozen and canned vegetables (corn, green peas, potatoes, green beans), tomato paste and sauces, meat products (ham, sausage 2 species), bulk foods (mashed potatoes and instant soups), confectionery (chocolate bars, cakes), baby food (mashed potatoes, cereals, juices). At research more than 100 samples carried to various commodity groups the sequence terminator of NOS-Eph is found in seven samples of the products containing soy and potatoes in the structure. At research existence of marking on goods about absence in GMO product was considered.


Mark Brennan kicks off a series of articles on the importance of law and ethics for dental nurses. In this first article, he gives a practical introduction to the principles involved and to what co...


We present efficient methods to reliably characterize and tune gate-defined semiconductor spin qubits. Our methods are designed to target the tuning procedures of semiconductor double quantum dot in GaAs heterostructures, but can easily be adapted to other quantum-dot-like qubit systems. These tuning procedures include the characterization of the inter-dot tunnel coupling, the tunnel coupling to the surrounding leads and the identification of the various fast initialization points for the operation of the qubit. Since semiconductor-based spin qubits are compatible with standard semiconductor process technology and hence promise good prospects of scalability, the challenge of efficiently tuning the dot's parameters will only grow in the near future, once the multi-qubit stage is reached. With the anticipation of being used as the basis for future automated tuning protocols, all measurements presented here are fast-to-execute and easy-to-analyze characterization methods. They result in quantitative measures of the relevant qubit parameters within a couple of seconds, and require almost no human interference.


ABSTRACT This paper deals with the quality evaluation in laser cutting of Aramid Fibre Reinforced Plastics. The typical features of cuts are described and the influence of the process parameters on cutting result is discussed. A new methodology based on a digital image processing technique for the evaluation of cut quality is presented.


In this paper, we describe the research questions and methodology for a study that will investigate the opportunities and skill gaps for IS workers in the field of IS compliance. IS compliance skills include knowledge of U.S. legislation - such as Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and Graham Leach Bliley Act (GLBA), as well as standards such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) - and the impact of such requirements on the design, development and maintenance of information systems. In this study, we will investigate the current job skills being requested by employers and the current Information Systems degree and course offerings from U.S. business schools related to IS compliance. Using a field survey of U.S. employers and business schools, we plan to investigate future skill needs in IS compliance and the ability for current IS curricula to fill those needs.


This study was developed to identify the main health damages, as well as practices of the more frequent feeding among children from zero to six months of life. It was analyzed the data from 36 children, identifying firstly from the age of 0 to 2 months and accompanied until six months in a Nursing Care Unit of the Center for Family Development (CEDEFAM) in 134 meetings, using a structured form. There was a predominance of 24 (18%) children in the age 1 and 2 months, and 15 (11.2) from these were in exclusive breastfeeding (EB). Among damages related to infants in EB, there were 75 occurrences (40.5%), being 33 (17.8%) respiratory problems, 38 (20,5%) dermatological problems and 4 (2.2%) gastrointestinal problems. Thus, the children, especially fewer than six months old, are part of a more vulnerable group, where the maternal milk can reduce the infant morbi-mortality.


This thesis argues that Edward Bond (1934- ), one of the leaders of the British socialist theatre movement in 1960s, presented a vision of total theatre that tries to elicit both emotional and rational awakening from the spectators by developing his original style of representing brutal violence on the stage, which adopts an Artaudian strategy to achieve a Brechtian goal. To advance this hypothesis, this study explores the way the Bondian violent theatre has been created by examining how Saved (1965), one of the writer's most well-known works, represents and problematizes violence on the stage. To be specific, this thesis explores the reason why such brutal scenes as occur in Saved must be represented on the stage by analyzing Bond's view on violence and its ideological background. On the basis of this analysis, this study also reviews the social message and real meaning that infanticide as a scapegoat ritual, the most controversial and brutal scene of the play, has by pursuing who is saved in the play.


The present invention is in the ring spinning machine with drafting equipment, in particular to a rear region of the ring spinning double apron drafting device. The present invention is mainly to solve the back roller is easy to produce torsional vibration, excessive rough details, evenness deterioration, small spinning appropriate range of technical problems of the conventional roller drafting apparatus. Aspect of the present invention are: the ring spinning double apron drafting zone device comprising a back roller carriage wedge groove, straight groove back roller carriage, positioning the wedge block, a fastening screw, shorter apron , small gauge pin shaped cross section, bottom aprons stopper hindpaw pressurizer connection block, the rolling Zhang Li pin carrier assembly, the support shaft dancer, dancer support block, the length apron cradle and universal, wherein: it further comprises short apron, the top rollers, the back rollers, the back roller bearings traverse flat iron, and roving feed roller stool horn; wedge slot wedge groove back roller carriage mounted on a small-gauge the wedge shaped cross-section pin and the positioning block by a fastening screw.


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Introduction: MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, poses a considerable threat to human health by causing infections in both community and healthcare environments. Among the numerous virulence factors possessed by S. aureus, the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin gene (PVL) stands out as particularly significant. The current study aimed to detect the prevalence of the PVL gene in community-acquired MRSA isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Subjects and Methods: Among 109 S. aureus isolates collected from SSTIs, MRSA isolates were detected by the cefoxitin disc diffusion method and cultured on an ORSAB (oxacillin resistance screening agar base) medium. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the PVL gene in MRSA isolates. Results: Forty-one MRSA (37.6%) isolates were detected among S. aureus isolated from community-acquired SSTIs by different phenotypic and genotypic methods. The majority of community-acquired MRSA cases (97.5%) tested positive for the pvl gene. Conclusion: Our study revealed a significant prevalence of PVL among community-acquired MRSA isolates.


An analytical and experimental investigation is made to the dynamic responese of a cantilever with a tip mass that models some of the basic phenomena involved in the response of a flexible manipulator with a tip mass on its free end under the given rotating motion. The system equation is derived from the Hamilton's principle on the basis of the Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis and an approximate solution is obtained from model analysis using Galerkin's method for the vibation response of the system subjected to a sudden stop after an impulsive rotation. Experiment was performed to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis. Results are given for the vibration amplitude of the free end with respect to tip mass ratio, non-dimensionalized rotating velocity, rotating angle and non- dimensionalized hub length. The rotating condition to minimize the vibration amplitude of the free end can be determined for the given basic paramenters.


Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the depletion or loss of normal ovarian function, which cause infertility in women before the age of 40 years. Two homozygous germline truncation mutations in STAG3 gene had been reported to causes POI in consanguineous families. Here, we aimed to identify the genetic cause of POI in 2 affected sisters manifested with primary amenorrhea and partial development of secondary sexual characters with normal range of height of a consanguineous Han Chinese family. Whole‐exome and Sanger sequencing identified a homozygous donor splice‐site mutation (NM_012447.2: c.1573+5G>A) in the STAG3 gene. RT‐PCR revealed that the mutation causes loss of wild‐type donor splice‐site which leads to aberrant splicing of STAG3 mRNA and consecutive formation of STAG3 alternative transcript (p.Leu490Thrfs*10) . This is the first report of splice‐site mutation of STAG3 gene causes POI in 2 Han Chinese patients.


The purpose of this article is to study the existence of a coincidence point for two mappings dened on a nonempty set and taking values on a Banach space using the xed point theory for nonexpansive mappings. Moreover, this type of results will be applied to obtain the existence of solutions for some classes of ordinary dierential equations.


. An original spectroscopic diagnostic technique has been recently developed that allows to estimate in a model-independent way the ionization fraction x e and the average excitation temperature in the beam of Herbig-Haro jets (Bacciotti, Chiuderi and Oliva 1995). The procedure is based on the fact that in the low excitation conditions present in this region the ionization state of oxygen and nitrogen can be assumed to be regulated by charge exchange with atomic hydrogen. The application of this technique to long-slit spectra of several well-known stellar jets indicates that the hydrogen ionization fraction x e starts from 0.2-0.4 at the beginning of the flow and gently decreases along the whole jet or along sections of it as a result of time-dependent recombination. The average temperature stays almost constant, ranging from 4500 to 7000 K. The momentum transfer rates evaluated with the derived total number densities (n# ~ 10 3 — 10 4 c m - 3 ) give support to the picture in which the jet is responsible for the acceleration of a surrounding molecular outflow.


The ENPH Program provides the education and training to have graduates earn starting salary + benefit packages of $45-65,000/year. Personable and caring faculty, paid internships and faculty-student research opportunities all help to make our graduates very competitive in the job market. Graduates of the ENPH program work for local, state or federal health-related regulatory agencies. They work as an industrial environmental sanitarian or quality control specialist in food processing plants. Some find careers with major insurance companies, industries, or environmental consulting firms dealing with safety, industrial hygiene, hazardous waste or environmental monitoring


In the minds of most school pupils there is a foggy gulf between the science textbook and the natural world that so excites their curiosities. They are entertained and charmed by collecting bugs or rocks. Realizing that simple principles are in constant demonstration all around them is another matter. Only the exceptional grasp the relation of science taught to science observed. Tongues have clucked and heads have shaken over this for some time, especially since the flight of Sputnik. Now action is growing. A number of experimental approaches are on trial and some new techniques are gaining favor. One of the most recent of several efforts is a new manual for the study of chemistry from kindergarten through the sixth grade. It is entitled "Matter, Energy, and Change-Explorations in Chemistry for Elementary School Children" and was prepared by Harry Milgrom, supervisor of science in the New York City elementary schools, ...


ABSTRACT This study analyzes the discourse of consumer-citizens who oppose ag-gag legislation, specifically North Carolina's House Bill 405 (HB405), and considers how cyber activism (e.g. signing an online petition) offers insight into consumer-citizens' perspectives. It situates HB405 and the bill's opposition within the larger context of concentrated animal feeding operations, the global trade of meat, undercover animal activist investigations, and state legislation affecting undercover investigations. Critical discourse analysis of the 8000 comments signers added to a Change.org petition opposing HB405 revealed three general themes: (1) application of the logic of post 9/11 citizen surveillance to their opposition to ag-gag, (2) description of a moral right to know about the practices of industrial animal agriculture, and (3) an understanding of how the effects of HB405 transcended the boundaries of the state that sought to adopt the legislation. These findings have implications for both research on cyber activism and strategies for advocacy efforts.


Developing grains of a local late variety of "Japonica" rice(chang-chi-tieh- kan-ching)were collected at 3-5 days intervals from the time of flowering to maturation.The grains were ground with distilled water at 10℃,centrifuged off the starch grains,filtered and used for enzyme determinations.Preliminary ex- periments showed that(1)most of the activity was found in the supernatant,the starch grains were relatively inactive;(2)the supernatant contained no starch grains stainable with I_2-KI but had small mitochondria like particles;(3)synthetic (phosphorylase)activity was most active at pH 6.6—6.9(Tab.1,Fig.1);(4) hydrolytic activity was chiefly due to β-amylase,no α-amylase was detectable; (5)preparation made with 10-30% glycerol gave no increase in activity.


The purpose of this study is to determine and predict coffee exports in Indonesia based on the main destination countries for years to come. The results of this study are expected to be widely used for both government and private sector as an evaluation material in coffee, economic and business development. The data used in this study is Coffee Exports In Indonesia based on the main destination countries in 2006-2015. Data processed from customs documents of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise cited from Indonesia Statistics Publication. This research uses artificial neural network Polak-Ribiere updates which will be combined with bipolar activation function and linear function. The architectural model used there are 4, among others: 8-10-15-1, 8-15-10-1, 8-15-30-1 and 8-30-15-1. The best architectural model of the 4 models used is 8-10-15-1 with error rate of 0.001-0.06, alpha = 0.001, beta = 0.1, delta = 0.01 and gama = 0.1. The resulting accuracy is 86%.


This report gives the result of an experimental study and analysis regarding an underwater propulsor low frequency line spectrum. It was found that in a noise spectrum there are rich low frequency spectrum lines and the levels of these spectrum lines are very high, about 20dB~30dB higher than that of the continuous spectrum part. These low frequency spectrum lines are basically the harmonics of rotor shaft frequency and blade-passing frequency. The result shows that the generation and development of such tones are mainly dependent on rotor revolutional rate, while effects of blade cavitation and static pressure are not serious. It can be obtained by further analysis that such low frequency line spectrum is generated by the interaction of rotor and stator. The generation of shaft frequency tone and its harmonics are due to the difference between rotor blades.


Bis(indol-3-yl)methanes were good anticancer medicine for their specil biological activity.A solid acid sulfamic acid catalyzed the reaction of indole with aldehyde and ketone to afford bis(indol-3-yl)methanes.The solvent,temperature,time and so on process conditions were explored,and the optimized conditions were water as solvent,temperature range 30~40 ℃,and 3 h.The best yield was 83%,under the optimized conditions.This synthetic method was a gentle,simple,green and safe good technique.


While it is well established that ultrasound stimulated microbubbles can potentiate thrombolysis, the mechanisms of action are poorly understood. The objective of this work was to gain a more fundamental understanding of how acoustically stimulated microbubbles interact with and potentially degrade fibrin clots. Owing to their optical transparency, the use of fibrin clots allowed to optically observe microbubbles interacting with the clot boundary and any resultant disruption of the fluorescently tagged fibrin network. It was found that microbubbles could readily penetrate into fibrin clots with velocities up to 0.2 m/s and to depths related to the number of pulses applied. At lower pressures (0.2-0.55 MPa), microbubbles as small as 3μm were observed to penetrate, whereas higher pressures (>0.9 MPa) caused the penetration of larger microbubbles (10-30μm), formed by coalescence prior to entry. In some cases, patent 'tunnels' remained along the path taken by penetrating microbubbles. Tunnel diameters ranged...


For the purpose of substantiation of the advantages of use of the half-pin fixators with buttress thread in the devices for transosseous external osteosynthesis we have made a mathematical analysis of the thread types in the half-pins which are most often used in devices for external fixation and have proposed an original half-pin osteofixator of our own design as a prototype. Using a special loading-and-measurement system the radial and axial strength of attaching the half-pins of Fourdiuck' s design, that of CITO and SKID as well as that of our own design was studied in bone metaphyses and diaphyses. The analysis of the results obtained allows to affirm statistically reliable superiority of the half-pin of our own design in the sense of the radial and axial strength of its attaching in comparison with the half-pins mentioned.


Pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND) is a dominantly inherited disorder with parkinsonism. We performed PET with [(18) F]fluorodopa (FD) and, later, gene testing in 12 asymptomatic relatives at risk from a family with PPND and compared the striatal FD uptake constant (Ki) in them with 4 symptomatic individuals and 10 normal control subjects. Four relatives with positive linkage had a significantly reduced Ki from the normal control subjects but to a lesser degree than the symptomatic patients. The mean Ki in the relatives with negative linkage (n = 8) did not differ from normal control subjects. In conclusion, we identified reduced dopaminergic function in asymptomatic relatives with positive genetic linkage from the PPND family. Most of the reduction in this disorder occurs in the fifth decade, when the disease manifests clinically. NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 1588-1590


EUROPEAN SCIENCEScientists who accuse Turkey's leading politicians of meddling with scientific freedoms and stifling debate are hoping the European Union (E.U.) will take notice.


Thanks to information technologies and globalization, rapid change and transformation in today's societies forces our educational approaches in religious and moral education to a change. This change necessitates adopting new roles primarily for our educational institutions and the employees of the other institutions in addition to the employers in particular. For this reason, the concept of "moral leadership" in schools that can take part in alternative leadership approaches has begun to enter the agenda of educators more. In Turkey, the concept of moral leadership in education and its applications, with its theory and practices, have to be put on the agenda to bring a new breath to education management in secondary and high schools, overcome individual and social problems and transform our schools into attractive institutions. In this study, leadership and its types will be explained briefly then moral and educational leadership will be explained. In addition, what will be the contributions of those who work as administrators and teachers with moral  Doç. Dr., Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Bölümü Din Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı Öğretim Üyesi, firstname.lastname@example.com, (364) 234-6358 / 1187. Okullarda Ahlaki Liderlik 130 leadership activities to the students' moral development and school climate will be discussed.


7The Demyelinating Diseases ofMan and Animals The demyelinating diseases are those affecting predominantly, though not necessarily exclusively, the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, and which are not obviously secondary to disease in, or lesions of, the nerve cells or their processes. The current stains for myelin are sadly lacking in their ability to reveal the finer differences in a morbid anatomical picture. There have been two regrettable consequences of over-dependence on the myelin stain, the first a tendency to group together wholly dissimilar pathological conditions because demyelination is a feature of each, the second and even more frequent tendency, whenever demyelination has been produced experimentally, to claim that the experimental procedure involved points to the cause of one or other human disease, and most commonly of disseminated sclerosis. Thus, under certain circumstances, vascular blockage may lead to demyelination, and thrombosis has been held to be a causative factor in disseminated sclerosis; in the opinion of most, however, it is not the cause of that disease. Again, when some years ago I produced demyelination of the centrum semi-ovale by poisoning monkeys with potassium cyanide, the claim was attributed to me to have reproduced Schilder's encephalitis-a claim which I did not make. In toxoplasmosis undeniable evidence exists that the condition in man is the exact counterpart of that occurring spontaneously, or provoked experimentally, in animals, and vice versa. Not so with the demyelinating diseases. Tables I and II indicate the heterogeneity of the pathological states grouped together as the so-called demyelinating diseases of man and animals. Of course, we must consider the possibility of some deep underlying unity of these superficially different conditiois, a unity possibly overlaid and masked by different types of reaction to a single noxa by the tissues of different animal species. I think that we can dispose of this theoretical possibility forthwith. Demyelination can be produced experimentally in animals by a number of different procedures (Table III), and the results of applying any particular technique are essentially the same, or at least reasonably similar, whatever the species of animal used for experiment. The greatest species variation probably occurs in allergic encephalitis-it is universal knowledge that the manifestations of allergy differ somewhat in the various animal species. The lesions of allergic encephalitis as we move from species to species are not, however, so dissimilar as to suggest that we are dealing with wholly different pathological conditions. These observations show that, basically, the nervous tissues of widely different animal species respond in the same general way to a given pathological stimulus. Returning, then, to the very heterogeneous group of demyelinating diseases of man and animals, we are almost compelled to postulate several different Tetiological factors, and to admit that we are dealing with a number of quite dissimilar diseases. A second point emerging from the tables concerns the many gaps, question marks and statements of the unknown there displayed. With the probable exception of the post-vaccinal type of encephalitis, we do not know precisely how any of the human demyelinating diseases is brought about, and it is more than doubtful whether any of the means by which demyelination may be produced in animals really offers a lead to the Ttiology of, say, disseminated sclerosis or Schilder's encephalitis in man. We seldom learn much about the causation of a human disease until we are able to reproduce and study it in the laboratory. For that reason, and because repeated attempts to transmit various human demyelinating diseases to animals had failed, some years ago I thought that it might be profitable to neglect for the time being attempts to transmit specific diseases, and to find out in what ways demyelination can be produced in the experimental animal. Some of the results may be summarized briefly.


In 2004 funding was made available by the government to introduce universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) in Denmark. The funding was, however, limited to a two-year project with the results of the screening to be analysed at the end of the project period. This study presents the results from two Copenhagen hospitals after twelve months of screening the Hvidovre and Frederiksberg Hospitals. Before the UNHS started The Danish National Board of Health published guidelines for the screening. There were three main goals to be met: The detection of permanent hearing impairment in excess of 30dB in one or both ears. The screening process to be finished by the age of 30days (or within 30days after discharge from hospital for infants from the neonatal intensive care units). The coverage of the screening to be better than 80% of all newborns in the first year and 90% in the second year of the project period.The UNHS started in February 2005 and the coverage during the first year was 98.5% of all children born at the Hvidovre and Frederiksberg Hospitals (n=6954). The great majority of the infants were screened when they were brought back to the hospitals at the age of four to 10days for metabolic screening tests. The referral rate was lower than expected at 1.4% after one or two screening attempts using transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). During the first full 12months, 124 infants were referred for re-screening after the primary TEOAE and for further diagnosis. Of this group three infants (2.4%) did not show up and were lost to follow-up. The median age for the well babies when referred for re-screening was 10days and the re-screening was completed in another five days. For six of the 95 referred well babies the total screening period exceeded the recommended 30days. By spring 2006, 12 infants had been diagnosed with bilateral and four children with unilateral permanent hearing impairment (PHI). This indicates an incidence of moderate to profound bilateral PHI of 1.5/1000. Similarly, the incidence of unilateral PHI would be 0.5/1000 among the screened infants. These are, however, only preliminary figures, as 11% of the referred infants are still being investigated.


Abstract We have investigated the evolution of random velocities of planetesimals due to scattering by a protoplanet through N-body simulations (three-dimensional calculation of a system of one protoplanet and 800 equal-mass planetesimals). If the mass of the protoplanet, M, is large enough, eccentricities em , and inclinations im of planetesimals in the vicinity of the protoplanet ("heated region") are increased by the perturbation of the protoplanet rather than by the planetesimals. The width of the heated region is roughly given by 4[(4/3)(e2m + i2m )a2 + 12h2Ma2]1/2 where a and hMa are the semimajor axis and the Hill radius of the protoplanet, which is twice the width of "feeding zone" of the protoplanet. We have developed a semianalytical model for the growth of the random velocities of the planetesimals in the heated region, which is in good agreement with the results of the N-body simulations. Using the semianalytical theory, we found that em and im are regulated by the perturbation of the protoplanet when M/m > 50 × (m/1023 g)-2/5 at 1 AU, or M/m > 100 × (m/1024 g)-2/5 at 5 AU (m is the planetesimal mass) in the case of the low-mass nebula model. Finally, based on these results, we propose a two-step growth scenario of a protoplanet. The first stage is increasingly rapid growth ("runaway growth" in the usual sense). As a consequence of this runaway growth, M/m increases. When it reaches the critical value (∼50-100), the second stage begins. In the second stage, the growth rate of the protoplanet gradually decreases ("runaway growth" slows down), because em and im are increased by the strong perturbation due to the protoplanet and the gravitational focusing becomes less effective. As a result, the formation time of planets would be much longer than that obtained by simple extrapolation of the runaway growth in the first stage, although it would be shorter than that estimated assuming orderly growth.


[Objective] The research aimed to understand the ecological effects of trace elements and provide geological basis for the reasonable planning and scientific development of agriculture.[Method] Using the research thought of ecological geochemistry,according to the local ecological geochemistry investigation results in Zhangqiu,the substance components of Zhangqiu onion were analyzed.Using the method of correlation analysis,the relationship between the main components of onion and the trace elements in plants and the soil was studied.[Result] The quality of Zhangqiu onion had certain relations with trace elements in plants and soil,but the correlation was not very obvious.[Conclusion] The trace element had obvious impacts on the growth of green onion.


This essay offers a Latin American perspective of theological ethics developed from the preferential option for the poor, marked by dialogue and encounter with the poor in their reality. Considering the theological diversity of the region, the author focuses on a theological ethics developed in Brazil, especially the dialogical methods of Brazilian Catholic ethicists gathered by the Brazilian Society of Moral Theology. This essay presents an account on dialogue in theological ethics as a means of creation and liberation from the encounter with the poor in their reality and with other partners in a praxis of faith and struggle for justice. Then, the author stresses their reality as a theological locus and their voices as interlocutors for developing theological ethics, showing an experience of this method from below in theological bioethics and global health challenges.


Catechins show strong antioxidant, antitumoral, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. The uses of catechins in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations seem very attractive. Unfortunately, solubility and stability of catechins are poor in apolar media, which limits their
 efficient uses. In order to improve the solubility of catechins in the oil phase and maintain their oxidation resistance, a regioselective enzymatic acylation was investigated. The effects of reaction medium, water content, carbon chain length of acyl donor and other factors on the acylation
 reaction were studied, catechins were enzymatically esterified with an aliphatic acid (stearic acid) using an immobilized lipase Novozym 435 in n-butanol. The results show that when the ratio between catechins and stearic acid was 1:5, adding molecular sieves 4A after 11 h of reaction
 and the temperature of 60 °C led to the maximum conversion yield of 60.36%. Studies have shown that catechin stearate has a higher antioxidant activity than vitamin E and dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT).


Big data has raised challenges and opportunities for the education sector. Educational analytics encompass a variety of computational techniques to process educational big data for effective teaching, learning, research, service, and administrative decision making. Learning analytics and academic analytics have been widely discussed in the literature of education; however, knowledge analytics have not been discussed in the educational analytics field. Knowledge analytics are a relatively new subject in the knowledge management area. Knowledge analytics lie outside of the definitions of learning analytics and academic analytics, and encompass analytical activities for knowledge management among educators in teaching, research, and services. This paper discusses potential applications of knowledge analytics in educational institutions and issues related to implementation of knowledge analytics in the educational environment.


Specimens of the South American suckermouth armored catfish genus Pterygoplichthys were recently (2011-2012) collected in inland waters of Israel, namely, Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) and Nahal Amal ("Amal Stream"). Based mainly on color patterns, at least two different species, P. disjunctivus and P. pardalis, are included but there is a possibility that the wild populations are hybrids. These collections represent the first records of this genus in Israel. The source of these non-native catfish has not been confirmed; however, the presence of these species is likely the result of either aquarium release or escape from a fish hatchery that operated previously on the shores of Nahal Amal.


Abstract To assess the effects of drying on subsequent grain-size analyses, a variety of drying approaches, including drying in ambient air, oven drying, and freeze drying, were applied to sediment collected from modern fluvial, lacustrine, and paludal settings, containing a wide range of clay-size fraction (16–61%). Samples were subsequently rehydrated and subjected to grain-size analysis in a laser particle-size analyzer, and histograms compared with those from control samples never subjected to drying. Results indicate that drying techniques induced no effect on grain-size distribution for samples containing 39% clay-size material, only freeze drying produced reproducible results statistically identical to the control samples.


MARLBOROUGH, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE [1])--Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. [2] (Sunovion) today announced that LonhalaTM MagnairTM (glycopyrrolate) Inhalat ion Solut ion (25 mcg twice daily) is now available at pharmacies in the U.S. for the long-term, maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in people with chronic obstruct ive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchit is and/or emphysema.


With the continuous increase of wind power in power system, the share of conventional generation and the frequency regulation capacity of power system is gradually decreasing. In the case of high power loss or system failure, it is very easy to cause frequency failure of the whole system. Integrating large-scale wind power without frequency regulation capability into power system will bring enormous challenges to the power system's reliable operation. For this reason, the world's major wind power developed countries and regions have all put forward clear requirements for the frequency regulation capability of wind power through grid-connection guidelines. Electric power workers in China are also thinking about standardizing the primary frequency regulation capability test and simulation technology of wind power. Taking Fujian power grid as a example, this paper study the refined mathematical modeling, primary frequency regulation control technology, and the detection and evaluation methods of wind power peak-shaving and frequency regulation performance. Then the technical requirements for wind power peak-shaving and frequency regulation capability is analyzed. The development of related research provides important information for clarifying the frequency regulation output characteristics of wind farms. By further enhancing the "grid-friendliness" of wind power, it will improving the safe and stable operation level of power grid with a high share of wind power in the future.


Rational Choice Theory (RCT) is the dominant approach for explaining extreme ethnic violence, but it has some serious shortcomings. In this thesis, Iwill argue in favor of Symbolic Politics Theory (SPT) instead. In the first chapter I will elaborate why SPT offers more insights in the reasons for ethnic conflict than RCT. In the second chapter historical hate narratives - a specific element of SPT - will be highlighted. I will analyze how historical hate narratives work and will pay specific attention to the interaction between history and hate in these narratives. The third chapter presents a case study of Vojislav Seselj, an extreme Serb nationalist. First, I will show what impact his historical hate narratives had in wartime Vukovar and Zvornik. Second, I will analyze a number of historical hate narratives that did not always have a direct impact, but show how Seselj manipulated history to evoke feelings of hatred, fear and revenge.


Hypoxic guard systems have been developed by anaesthesia machine manufacturers to help avoid the administration of hypoxic gas mixtures. The original hypoxic guard systems, developed in the 1970s and 1980s, used mechanical [Link-25 Proportion Limiting System; GE (formerly Datex-Ohmeda)] or pneumatic (ORMC and S-ORC; Dräger Medical, Lubeck, Germany) links between the oxygen (O2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flow metres. These links apportion the fresh gas flows of O2 and N2O in such a manner that a hypoxic gas mixture cannot be delivered at the common gas outlet. It was only later, around 2000, that the Anesthesia Machine Standards were published, including the American Society of Testing Materials, Standard F1850-00, and the ISO and IEC Standard EN60601-2-13, clause 51.102.2. These standards require the presence of a system that prevents the unintentional selection of a mixture of O2 and N2O with an O2 concentration less than 21%. However, these standards have some serious flaws: they are limited to O2/ N2O mixtures, and they focus on the O2 concentration delivered at the common gas outlet, not on the inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2). Nevertheless, these original (hereinafter 'conventional' for clarity) hypoxic guard systems use more stringent criteria than are required by the standards: Link-25, an O2 concentration delivered at the common gas outlet at least 25%; S-ORC, an O2 concentration delivered at the common gas outlet at least 25% and a minimal O2 fresh gas flow of 250 ml min . The latter results in a progressively increasing O2 concentration delivered at the common gas outlet with progressively lower fresh gas flows less than 1 l min 1 (Fig. 1a). More recently, the same S-ORC thresholds have been implemented through software in the electronically controlled anaesthesia workstations from Dräger (Zeus, Primus). Contrary to the mechanical/pneumatic version, this electronically controlled S-ORC is also active with O2/air mixtures. As well as


This papers use fuzzy control to control the mobile robot's orientation .In fuzzy control ,according to the actually obstacle position and the angle between the target orientation and the robot's direction of movement ,we give the reaction rules of the robot. Navigation control of the robot is then realized through fuzzy reasoning of the heuristic rules .


The invention provides a metallographic corrosive agent for amorphous alloys, which comprises a primary corrosive agent and a secondary corrosive agent, wherein the primary corrosive agent is mixed liquor of hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and oxalic acid, and the secondary corrosive agent is water liquor of FeCl3 (ferric trichloride) and KCl (potassium chloride). The invention further relates to an observation method for metallographic structures of the amorphous alloys, which includes the steps of placing the amorphous alloys under a metallographic microscope after rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing for the surfaces of the amorphous alloys and after corroding the amorphous alloys with the metallographic corrosive agent. The steps of corroding the amorphous alloys with the metallographic corrosive agent include: a etching the surfaces of the amorphous alloys with the mixed liquor of the hydrofluoric acid, the phosphoric acid and the oxalic acid, and b wiping the surfaces of the amorphous alloys with the water liquor of the FeCl3 and the KCl. The metallographic corrosive agent is beneficial to observation of the metallographic structures of the amorphous alloys and evaluation of the quality of the amorphous alloys.


Four dipeptides derived from phenylalanine were synthesized, which can self-assemble into twisted nanoribbon in deionized water. The handedness of the organic self-assemblies was controlled by the chirality of the phenylalanine at the terminals. Coiled 4,4'-biphenylene bridged polybissilsesquioxane tubular nanoribbons were prepared using the organic self-assemblies as the templates. The circular dichroism spectra indicated that the biphenylene rings preferred to twist in one-handedness within the walls of the samples. After carbonization and removal of silica, single-handed coiled carbonaceous tubular nanoribbons were obtained. The Raman spectra indicated that the carbon was amorphous. The diffuse reflectance circular dichroism spectra indicated the tubular carbonaceous nanoribbons exhibited optical activity.


Technical Debt (TD) is a concept borrowed from the financial domain to express extra maintenance costs caused by short-term solutions that compromise internal quality in order to meet urgent business demands. TD can occur throughout the life cycle of software development, and it can be related to different artifacts. Thus, different TD types exist, among which Code TD, Design TD and Documentation TD are the most prevalent ones. To efficiently manage TD there are several activities that can be performed, like the identification and prioritisation of TD instances, activities aiming at TD repayment, as well as activities aiming to prevent the further accumulation of TD. The research problem addressed in this thesis concerns the management of TD with respect to the three aforementioned TD types (i.e., Code, Design and Documentation TD). Specifically, in terms of Code TD it concerns the lack of high accuracy in tooling that supports the identification, prioritisation and resolution of bad smells. In terms of Design TD, it concerns the lack of systematic support for identifying incorrectly instantiated design patterns, as well as the lack of guidance on how to refactor the design. In terms of Documentation TD, it concerns the lack of tools for preventing the occurrence of insufficient, incomplete or outdated requirements documentation. The overall solution consists of the application of software metrics, as well as refactoring and traceability techniques to alleviate these shortcomings.


Aqua is an underwater biomimetic vehicle designed and built at McGill University that uses six oscillating paddles to produce control and propulsion forces. These oscillating paddles provide a time-periodic thrust. Using an existing dynamics model of the vehicle and a numerical simulation, an adaptive controller was developed to provide trajectory tracking capabilities to the vehicle. The performance of the controller was first assessed on a dynamics simulation using different trajectories in roll and pitch. The same controller was then tested experimentally in the Caribbean Sea. We found that the adaptive controller was able to track the roll angle with good accuracy, while the tracking error in the pitch motion was more significant.


Matrix is a mathematical object, commonly used in scientific computing and engineering calculation. We are not interested in data itself in the data structure, but how to store the elements in the matrix. The main purpose of the compressed storage is to make more of the same nonzero elements share the same storage unit according to the distribution of matrix element, while the zero elements don't allocate storage space. In this paper, we studied the row priority compressed storage problems of u pper trapezoidal matrix, and obtained the corresponding storage address mapping function, so as to help the scientific research worker.


This work aims to highlight the complex nature of the administrative procedure for declaring a Site of Community Interest and how the existence of different stages and the fact of involving various administrations hinders the chances of its challenge.


In this paper, a specialized instrument of measuring inclination and deflection is proposed, which is developed by adopting photoelectric detection technique combined with design technique of precision instrument. This instrument adopts one-dimensional position sensitive detector PSD as the sensor of position, using simple pendulum structure to measure the inclination between a surface being measured and the earth's core. the measuring principle, structural design of the instrument has been introduced. It makes emphasis on the application research of the position sensitive detector PSD based on photoelectric transform, the research of high-accuracy data acquisition and processing technique, the linearization calibration method of PSD, etc. The measurement result can be shown directly on liquid crystal display, at the same time, for being convenient to communicate with the computer, the instrument also can send measurement data by infrared transmission and the computer can gather the data by the same means. This clinometer is of simple structure, high response speed , high measuring accuracy, strong interference rejection ability , low consumption , high characteristic of performance-cost ratio.


Meaning and composition of action line that consist in above zero readying model that is figurative principle contents of reflex inside esthetics, approached psychologially. Search theory of figurative principle to investigate how effectively each elements of figurative principle combined in action line. To element that draw location anger of frame, ready theoretical foundation about composition and motility, emphasis, rhythm, balance, symphony, unity, and direction of action line and analyze special quality of action line that consist in animation Kiriku Kiriku"s reflex. There is symbolic meaning according to first, composition and location of frame inside by the result. Second, composition connects with motility in frame of reflex. Third, emphasis, rhythm, balance, creation, unity pass contents more expressively. Fourth, direction causes emotion to spectator in above zero. If can understand methodology of figurative principle and use work properly, see can intercept artificially and exclude something like psychological relation of screen also arrangement of stage property and person same ship, angle of camera that act useful role to display result that do not change and is used more usefully at work manufacture because can lay efficient plan that can show all that is wanted to look to spectator by one frame and is good with person and background"s harmony, spectator.


To achieve mass customization and collaborative product design, human factors and ergonomics should play a key development role. In population, accommodation, sizing has been aimed at improving the product to either get better fit, or broaden the range of befitting users (Li, 2006; Nui et al., 2006). Thus, anthropometry is considered the very ergonomic core of any attempt to resolve the dilemma of 'fitting the tasks to the human' (Sanders and McCormick, 1993). As products are designed for specific types of consumers, an important design requirement is selection and efficient utilization of the most appropriate anthropometric database (Wickens et al., 2004). Great effort has been expended conducting numerous surveys to establish anthropometric databases for different population groups such as the armed forces, students, civilians, and farm workers (Mououdi, 1997; Wang et al., 1999). These anthropometric data sets provide critical design information for an enormous range of ergonomics-based tasks such as workplace design (Wang et al., 1999), and sizing for clothes (Meunier and Yin, 2000) and school furniture (Milanese and Grimmer, 2004). Effective utilization of this data, however, requires a thorough analysis of the inherent design problems on the designers' part. Wickens et al. (2004) adopted a systematic approach to utilization of anthropometric data in design, principally through: (1) determination of the target population (the intended users); (2) determination of the relevant physical dimensions; (3) determination of the percentage of the population to be accommodated; (4) determination of the ideal percentile value for the selected anthropometric dimension; (5) incorporation of the necessary design modifications based on this anthropometric data; and, (6) use of mock-ups or simulators to test the design. Thus, key design issues include identification of the target user groups and identification of the most important bodily dimensions. Two cases were presented in this chapter as design for baby diaper, and spoon of children.


Objective
To study the abnormal hippocampal structural and functional connectivity in pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) rats.

Methods
Thirty SD rats were randomized into TLE group (n=20) and control group (n=10). Lithium-pilocarpine (LIP) was injected intraperitoneally in rats in the TLE group, and saline instead of pilocarpine was treated in the control group. Six weeks later, rats were received 7.0-tesla T MRI scanning for structural and functional images. The volume of hippocampal gray matter volume and dorsal hippocampus related functional connectivity were compared between the two groups.

Results
Immediately after LIP treatment, 12 rats in the TLE group exhibited status epilepticus. Six weeks later, spontaneous seizures were observed in 10 of the 12 rats in the TLE group were observed spontaneous seizures. The volumes of hippocampal gray matter volumes in the TLE and control groups were 102.51±1.97 mm3 and 85.76±1.62 mm3, respectively; significant differences wasere noted between the two groups(P<0.05). As compared to controls, the rats in the TLE group revealed decreased dorsal hippocampus related connectivity to the ipsilateral amygdala and the ipsilateral ventral hippocampus(P<0.05), and increased connectivity to the contralateral cortex(P<0.05).

Conclusions
In choronic LIP-TLE rats, hippocampal gray matter structures wereas impaired., and The functional connection in hippocampus-limbic system was diminished, while that in and hippocampus-cortex functional networks was enhancedere also abnormal.

Key words:
Epilepsy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Hippocampus; Rats