We investigate media influence on stock returns that are revised by sell‐side analysts. Our main findings are twofold. First, post‐announcement returns depend on whether the stock is covered by the media. Media‐covered stocks demonstrate weaker post‐announcement returns than their non‐media‐covered counterparts. Second, for media‐covered event samples, we create a sentiment proxy using a unique news word count method and investigate whether pre‐event sentiment affects post‐event returns. Our results indicate that pre‐event sentiment dictates short‐run investor behavior and affects the post‐announcement return in a significant manner.


Abstract This comment deals with the matters of deterrence and exemplary sentencing, mitigation and the roles of psychiatry and psychology, remorse and contemplating of risk taking, and the factors that Influence perceptions of parity in sentencing which Indermaur has overlooked or failed to address successfully.


Abstract:This article explores the possibility of comparison and relation through the notion of the "nonencounter"—a modality for placing seemingly unrelatable figures into dialogue through their synchronicities and discursive affinities. Japanese "poison woman" narratives (dokufumono) and Brazilian representations of the trope of cannibalism may share no apparent geographic or intertextual links. Nevertheless, I propose their relation through a comparative analysis of two representations of such figures in two films from the 1970s: Oshima Nagisa's In the Realm of the Senses (1976) and Nelson Pereira dos Santos's How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman (1971). By exploring this connection, this article presents a conceptual approach that rethinks the practice of reading and writing in area and comparative studies beyond a reliance on naturalized connections and discourses.


I evaluated the impact of the phased introduction of Leading Pedestrian Interval Signals (LPIs) on collision and injury outcomes at 12,987 signalized traffic intersections in New York City over the course of 25 quarters from 2012 to 2018. An intersection is treated when a LPIs is installed to give pedestrians lead time to cross the street before vehicles are allowed to move. Outcomes from NYPD's Motor Vehicle Collisions data were matched to signalized intersections. I hypothesize that LPIs would reduce collisions and reduce injuries for pedestrians at intersections. A difference in difference fixed effects panel regression was used to identify the causal effect of introducing LPIs. This approach accounts for the problem that unobserved heterogeneity that might bias results in simpler regression approaches. The analysis suggests that the introduction of LPIs decreased quarterly collision counts by 5.45% and decreased the quarterly number of pedestrians injured by 14.7% over the same intervention period. LPIs appears to be effective in reducing both collisions and injuries.


An ultralarge liquid argon time projection chamber based neutrino detector will have the uncommon ability to detect atmospheric {nu}{sub {tau}}/{nu}{tau} events. This paper discusses the most promising modes for identifying charged current {nu}{sub {tau}}/{nu}{tau}, and shows that, with simple kinematic cuts, {approx}30 {nu}{sub {tau}}+{nu}{tau} interactions can be isolated in a 100 kt{center_dot}yr exposure, with greater than 4{sigma} significance. This sample is sufficient to perform flux-averaged total cross-section and cross-section shape parametrization measurements--the first steps toward using {nu}{sub {tau}}/{nu}{tau} to search for physics beyond the standard model.


In two papers we proposed a continuum model for the dynamics of systems of self propelling particles with kinematic constraints on the velocities and discussed some of its properties. The model aims to be analogous to a discrete algorithm used in works by T. Vicsek et al. In this paper we derive the continuous hydrodynamic model from the discrete description. The similarities and differences between the resulting model and the hydrodynamic model postulated in our previous papers are discussed. The results clarify the assumptions used to obtain a continuous description. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The invention discloses an alkaline zinc-nickel alloy electroplating solution with high stability. The alkaline zinc-nickel alloy electroplating solution comprises 8-12 g/L of zinc oxide, 4.8-10 g/L of nickel sulfate, 115-135 g/L of sodium hydroxide, 5-15 g/L of triethylene tetramine, 15-30 g/L of triethanolamine, 2-6 mL/L brightening agents and 8-15 mL/L of additives. The brightening agents comprise sodium toluene sulphonate. The additives are composed of sodium toluene sulphonate, polyvinyl alkylimine, polyethylene-polyamine and epoxy chloropropane condensation compounds, sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate and sodium metavanadate. According to the alkaline zinc-nickel alloy electroplating solution, the cosolvent, namely the sodium toluene sulphonate is adopted, so that the solubility of additive decomposition products in the electroplating solution is improved, and the impurity adsorption quantity on the surface of a plated part and the impurity inclusion quantity in a plating layer are reduced. Besides, the brightening agents and the additives are reasonably selected and combined, so that the performance of the electroplating solution and the performance of the plating layer are improved, the current efficiency of the electroplating solution is stable, and the plating layer is low in brittleness, large in adhesive force and high in corrosion resistance.


Aspergillus ustus is one of the most prevalent fungi in the soil. There are now two reports of the occurrence of toxin-producing strains of this fungus on stored foodstuffs. In addition, strains of A. ustus have been isolated along with Penicillium species from samples of South African cheeses. All A. ustus isolates tested were judged to be highly toxic to ducklings when grown on maize meal, however, the toxins involved were not isolated. Austin is the trivial name of one of the toxins made by the fungus found on stored food. Preliminary work to studying the biosynthesis of this compound using /sup 13/C-labeled sodium acetate is reported here. The feasibility of the biosynthetic study was determined by feeding (1-/sup 14/C)-sodium acetate to A. ustus cultures. The assignments made in the /sup 13/C-nmr spectrum of Austin are shown. The lowest dilution factor obtained in (1-/sup 14/C)-sodium acetate feeding experiments was 14. This dilution factor is sufficiently low to allow a successful feeding of (1,2-/sup 13/C/sub 2/)-sodium acetate. A new metabolite of A. ustus, deacetylaustin, was isolated and identified. An alkaloid of unknown structure was also isolated from the fungus.


As the precursor of ancient glasses, faience and frit have different chemical compositions and structures from true ancient glasses. The archaeological data show that the duration of Chinese faiences and frits existence is from the Westren Zhou to the Eastern Han period. The chemical compositions of several faience and frit samples of tube and bead unearthed in the Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Henan were analyzed by proton induced X-ray emission technique and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the micro-morphology of samples. Combined with the published chemical compositions of faience and frit, the method and significance of scientific identification of faience and frit are discussed. Chinese and the ancient Egyptian faiences were compared, and the differences demonstrate the self-made characteristics of Chinese faiences.


In this paper the author analyzes empirically the perception of teaching staff in technical higher education regarding the quality of university education services. The research was conducted online and the respondents were the teaching staff in University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, the largest technical university in Romania. The tool used was the questionnaire consisting of closed and open questions that allowed in-depth data collection. Teachers have provided some suggestions for improving the quality of educational services among which: reducing the number of students in the groups, modifying the curriculum and content of the disciplines where appropriate and involving master students in research activities.


Baroness Audrey Emerton, nurse member of the House of Lords During the period 1974-79 there were 14 regional nursing officers (RNOs) who met each month with the chief nursing officer and ministers. The RNOs were bold enough to insist that it was necessary to have a nurse who could hold the government to account for the implementation of the Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act 1979 and the forthcoming Health Services Bill.


Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple and ecofriendly method using onion peel (MNp-OP) and corn silk extract (MNp-CS), in order to develop new low-cost adsorbents for arsenic removal from groundwater. As a point of comparison, magnetite nanoparticles were also synthesized with a conventional chemical process (MNp-CO). The antioxidant potential of onion peel and corn silk extracts was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and free radical (DPPH) scavenging assays, including the total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins contents. The synthesized magnetite nanoparticles were characterised using different techniques (Scanning electron microscope/Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer). The adsorption capacity of MNp-OP and MNp-CS and the arsenic removal mechanism of these novel adsorbents was investigated through kinetic and equilibrium experiments and their corresponding mathematical models. Characterisation of MNp-OP and MNp-CS shows high BET specific surface areas of 243 m2/g and 261 m2/g, respectively. XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation and presence of magnetite nanoparticles. The arsenic adsorption mechanism on MNp-OP, MNp-CS and MNp-CO involves chemisorption, intraparticle and external diffusion. Maximal adsorption capacities of MNp-OP, MNp-CS and MNp-CO were 1.86, 2.79, and 1.30 mg/g respectively. The green synthesis applied using onion peel and corn silk extracts was cost effective and environmentally friendly, and results in adsorbents with a high capacity for arsenic and magnetic properties, making them a very promising alternative approach in the treatment of arsenic contaminated groundwater.


Solubility, valence, and complexation of iron were measured in four different processed meats cured with or without 156 ppm sodium nitrite and with or without 550 ppm sodium erythorbate (d-isoascorbate). Nitrite caused less ionic iron and erythorbate caused more ferrous and soluble iron after a conventional curing process. Heme iron levels were unchanged. No changes were detected in vacuum packed meats after 160 days at -40 or after 14 days at 5°C. Exposure to air at 5°C depleted ferrous iron and oxidized erythorbate. Boiling for 15 min doubled complexed iron in all four meat formulations. The forms of iron in processed meat depended on the curing ingredients as well as air and heat exposure.


Of the 19 presentations at this seminar, covering coal, uranium, oil, and gas issues as well as related EPRI research projects, eleven papers are published in this volume. Nine of the papers primarily address coal-market analysis, coal transportation, and uranium supply. Two additional papers provide an evaluation and perspective on the art and use of coal-supply forecasting models and on the relationship between coal and oil prices. The authors are energy analysts and EPRI research contractors from academia, the consulting profession, and the coal industry. A separate abstract was prepared for each of the 11 papers.


The solar photovoltaic (PV) system has become the key attraction for the generation of clean, renewable electricity. Nevertheless, performance varies due to different parameters and environmental factors. Therefore, a remote and real- performance is required to evaluate its performance. The Internet of Things (IoT) in the monitoring of the solar PV system has been implemented and its efficiency has been studied. The monitoring system uses real-time measured values to display power, current, voltage, temperature, and light intensity graphs, and it is also easy to track and view the database file to analyze the history of the collected data. The design work was divided into two main sections, hardware, and software. The hardware includes the creation of major units such as the power supply unit, the control unit and the sensor units while the software includes the database system and pulled the data out into private webpage and visualization on Grafana dashboard. This paper aims to create an IoT-based Solar Battery Monitoring System using two microcontrollers, Arduino UNO and NodeMCU. The data obtained will be stored in the local database and can be viewed through a personal web page that serves as a data log and through a visualization tool using Grafana. Throughout the system, users can easily track their solar PV system over the internet.


A new bifurcative optical pattern recognizer (BOPAR) for image and/or data classification using the noise fan-out phenomenon in nonlinear photorefractive crystals is described. The inhomogeneities in photorefractive crystals naturally exits consequential to the doping procedure in making the crystals photorefractive. Scattering occurs when light impinges on the inhomogeneities. The scattered light is in general random in intensity distribution and angular orientation. Therefore such scattered light is considered as annoying noise that tends to reduce the strength of the signal. In this paper, a new and exciting discovery is reported. Contrary to the conventional conviction, we found that certain portions of the fan-out noise can be made useful for achieving bifurcative optical holographic pattern recognition and data classification. The BOPAR has a neuromorphic or brainlike nature.


c 2018 The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility J Neurogastroenterol Motil, Vol. 24 No. 4 October, 2018 www.jnmjournal.org Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the reflux of gastric content into the esophagus leads to troublesome symptoms and/or complications. It is a very common condition, and its prevalence has continued to increase since the turn of the last century. The risk of developing Barrett's esophagus (BE) increases linearly with an earlier onset as well as with the frequent and longer durations of GERD symptoms, thus suggesting the importance of age of onset in the pathogenesis of GERD. Although most epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of GERD in the aging population, a consistent trend has not been detected. In a survey by the Gallup Organization, 22% of the respondents older than 50 years used antacids and anti-dyspepsia medications 2 or more times in a week, whereas only 9% of the respondents younger than 50 years used these medications 2 or 3 times in a week. Another study of 11 945 patients with GERD and erosive esophagitis in the United States (US) indicated a progressive increase in the prevalence of severe erosive esophagitis with each decade of age. A cohort study of 29 610 individuals, conducted from 1995 to 1997 and from 2006 to 2009 in Norway, revealed that increasing age was weakly but positively associated with new-onset GERD. Similarly, a recent US study based on the Cerner Health Facts database (including 35 000 000 patients from January 2001 to December 2010), showed an increasing trend in the prevalence of GERD, BE, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) with increasing age. On the contrary, a US study conducted with 476 individuals, which mainly included male veterans who were undergoing endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms, showed that the prevalence and severity of esophagitis was similar in elderly (> 65 years) and young (< 65 years) patients. In another US study, including 2200 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged 25-74 years, the prevalence of typical GERD symptoms (heartburn or acid regurgitation) did not significantly increase with advancing age. However, most of these epidemiologic studies estimated the prevalence, and not the incidence, of GERD. Since prevalence estimates included all GERD patients in the study period without considering whether the disease started at an earlier age, a higher cumulative rate of GERD (a cohort effect) could have resulted in an increase in the observed prevalence rate of GERD in JNM J Neurogastroenterol Motil, Vol. 24 No. 4 October, 2018 pISSN: 2093-0879 eISSN: 2093-0887 https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm18152 Editorial Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility


The permutation-inversion structure of the hyperoctahedral group is presented in the light of the general Weyl's recipe, associated with groups of automorphisms. The hyperoctahedral group is formally expressed as a wreath product. It is shown that the hidden symmetry revealed by application of this recipe can be interpreted crystallographically in terms of Bravais cells. This interpretation, together with the periodic Born-Karman conditions, suggests some generalizations of crystal symmetry groups similar to symmetry groups of non-rigid (floppy) molecules. It is shown that cubic crystals with the range of flopping limited to two lattice constants can have symmetry elements of order seven, whereas elements of order five are still forbidden.


Resume. The multiplication of trades, management and decision levels in semiautonomous regions generates communication difficulties for internal management dialogue, between humans as well as between ERP systems. Yet human interoperability, just like machine interoperability is essential in managing the organisation and providing the information that decision makers need to clarify. MGDIS, editor of management and implementation software solutions for public organisations means to use ontologies to forward multi-agent communication, to give a meaning to exchanges and to evaluate the concordance of actions done.


To some extent,most of the economies are not optimum currency areas.The economic activities in different regions of a country respond to monetary policy actions differently in terms of the response magnitude and timing.While there exists considerable heterogeneity across the regional economies in China and each region responds to monetary shocks with great difference,the literature on the studying the regional imbalanced effects of monetary policy is fairly limited.Reviewing the latest foreign literature in detail has a positive significance for the monetary policy development and regional economic development.The authors review the development course of the research methodology on regional imbalanced effects of monetary policy and evaluate the contribution made by these methods to studying of regional imbalanced effects of monetary policy.Comparison and analysis of the formation mechanisms of regional imbalanced effects of monetary policy are made in such perspectives as monetary policy transmission channels,financial and economic structures,the behaviors of economic entities and so on.The latest research trends in this field are summarized and concluded,which suggests that the study will focus on the combination of aggregate level research in the future.Finally,the authors evaluate the significance of research on regional imbalanced effects of monetary policy and suggest further research needed in China.


This article proposes a single-conversion stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SCSFCW) radar that combines a stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW) radar and a self-injection-locked (SIL) radar to benefit from the range resolution and the Doppler sensitivity of the two radars. An 8.5–9.5-GHz prototype SCSFCW radar system that comprises a subharmonic up/down converter with a 3–3.5-GHz stepped chirp local-oscillator (LO) signal and a 2.5-GHz SIL IF signal was developed to monitor the vital signs, i.e., respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR), of multiple humans. The coherence and range of the developed system were significantly enhanced by using a low pulse repetition frequency (PRF). In the experiment, the minimum distinguishable radial spacing between the vibrating frequencies of the metal plates that are not azimuthally overlapped with one another corresponds to a theoretical range resolution of 15 cm. However, owing to scattering by the human body, the minimum radial spacing for distinguishing between the vital signs of the individuals is three times than that for distinguishing between the metal plates in a similar experimental setup. Accordingly, the monitoring of up to three human vital signs using the developed system was demonstrated with a range-vital-Doppler map.


The sports injury must be thought much because it not only goes against the athletes' health and results in ill training or competition,but also is in the way of their performance improvement and shortens their athletic career.The article discusses the causation and clinic diagnosis of professional athletes' familiar lumbar strain.It thinks that the precaution is better than cure,the coaches and athletes should have the consciousness of preventing the sports injury,have a reasonable training plan against the sports injury.It suggests some countermeasures to take right techniques,to have well training load and interval relaxation.It wants to help the coaches to dive into the training project with scientific knowledge and training rule in order to effectively preventing the athletes' lumbar strain.


The estimation and tracking of a variable shaft speed is addressed in the paper. The practical utility of a number of estimation schemes are compared for this purpose, each of which uses timing information provided by a once-per-revolution pulse that originates from a rotating shaft. The estimation and tracking schemes include a novel approach based on a Kalman filter based estimator. Pulse gating is also investigated as a means of overcoming the problem of missing and spurious pulses. The schemes are applied to industrial data obtained from a dragline and a bearing vibration test rig.


ABSTRACT Multiple melting behavior of high-speed melt-spun polylactide (PLA) fibers was investigated by temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) in the heating process with various modulation periods in the calorimeter. In the case of the as-spun PLA fibers taken-up at 1 km/min, a melting endothermic peak and a recrystallization exothermic peak appeared at the same peak temperature of 151°C in the reversing and non-reversing heat flows (RHF and NRHF), respectively, whereas at 168°C, an endothermic peak was observed in both the RHF and NRHF. On the other hand, the as-spun PLA fibers taken-up at a high-speed of 6 km/min showed the melting in both the RHF and NRHF, but the recrystallization behavior was not obvious in the NRHF at the shorter modulation period conditions. The obtained data were analyzed based on the kinetic modeling of melting proposed by Toda et al. The real and imaginary parts of the complex apparent heat capacity in the melting region showed a strong modulation period dependence for both the low- and high-speed spun fibers. The endothermic heat flow of melting was separated by extrapolating the frequency to zero. For the PLA fibers spun at 1 km/min, a set of melting and recrystallization peaks in the RHF and NRHF appeared even for the melting at 168°C. In other words, the simultaneous occurrence of melting and recrystallization was confirmed through this extrapolation. For the 6 km/min PLA fibers, the presence of an exothermic heat of recrystallization was clearly confirmed at a peak temperature of 164°C.


Abstract Rationale: In the diagnostics of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), scintigraphy and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT) with 111Indium-Octreotide occupy a prominent place. The introduction in clinical practice of 68Gallium-labelled somatostatin analogues (DOTA-TOC, DOTA-TATE, DOTA-NOC) for Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT), significantly improved NETs diagnostics due to greater sensitivity and improved lesion detection in addition to better patient convenience and decreased radiation dose. Patient concerns: We report a case of a patient who was diagnosed with a neuroendocrine tumor of the ileocecal valve. Diagnoses: Diagnosis was made by ultrasonography, CT, and colonoscopy. Hystology after surgery was G2 NET of ileo-cecal valve. Restaging was carried out by 111In-Octreotide SPECT/CT and, 1 month later, by 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. 18F-FDG PET/C was also carried out. Interventions: 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT showed larger disease that modified disease management from surgery to medical treatment. Outcomes: After an initial improvement in the patient clinical condition, the tumor caused a worsening with the appearance of ascites. Lessons: 68Ga-DOTA-conjugate PET/CT is appropriate in low and intermediate NET (Ki67 index respectively ≤3% and 3%–20%) characterized by better survival and better response after Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. 18F-FDG is mostly useful in high grade (G3) of disease, so that 68Ga-DOTA-conjugate SUV and 18F-FDG SUV have an opposite trend in relation to the tumor grade. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT changes, as in our case, therapeutic management in about 40% of cases.


Plasmons are collective oscillations of free electrons in the conduction band of metals. Their optical properties are readily derived from Maxwell's equations by plugging in bulk metaloptics parameters. Yet, it is intuitive that the classical picture must go wrong at the atomic scale, and indeed recent advances in nanofabrication have pushed Maxwell's description to the limit, although direct observations of quantum effects in plasmonic nanostructures have remained elusive. Now, writing in Nature, Jeremy Baumberg at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, UK and co-workers from the Material Physics Center in San Sebastian, Spain and the Université Paris Sud, France, describe an elegant experiment that captures the quantum regime in plasmonic nanostructures and shows that quantum tunnelling is the limit for charge and field confinement in metal nanostructures1. In the classical electrodynamic description, free electrons follow the oscillation of an externally applied electric field, as long as the frequency of the field is below the so-called plasmon frequency, which governs the dielectric dispersion of the metal. Yet, in this regime of optical frequencies, metals are not perfect and the finite conductivity causes the charges to extend into the metal, rather than being confined to the surface. Particularly when coupling plasmonic nanoparticles the tiny gaps between them can concentrate a large amount of light with huge electric field enhancement — a favourable condition for applications requiring light focusing, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering and higher harmonic generation. Soon after the invention of scanning tunnelling microscopy, weak emission of light was observed from the tunnelling gap between the tip and the surface, and it did not take long to attribute the spectral features to tip-induced plasmon modes on the metal surface2. However, these early tunnelling efforts, made using a nanometre-size tip and subnanometre gaps, did not allow investigations to be extended to larger dimensions and bridge to the classical regime of dispersion of plasmon modes. Owing to tremendous progress in nanofabrication over the past decade through both top-down and self-assembly approaches, a huge variety of plasmonic structures (generally termed nanoantennas) have been described in the literature, with single-molecule sensitivity and strong metal-enhanced fluorescence being the main driving forces for pursuing studies on nanogaps between nanoparticles3. In essence, when two plasmonic nanostructures approach each other, interparticle coupling causes a large pile up of charges in the interparticle junction4. New symmetric and anti-symmetric modes arise in the coupled system ('plasmon hybridization'). The energy of the hybridized modes depends critically on the gap size: the allowed modes shift to the red as the interparticle gap decreases4,5. On touching, however, a distinct new mode that is markedly different from the modes of the separated nanoparticles appears (chargeNANOPHOTONICS


The aim of this study is to investigate differences in willingness to pay more for sustainable hotels, analyzing whether consumers' searches for information about sustainability, the importance they assign to sustainability certifications, their previous experiences and sociodemographic variables, are all features that influence consumer intentions. We thus contribute to the literature on the importance of consumers' concerns and awareness and how they influence consumer intentions regarding sustainability in the hotel sector. Our results, based on a sample of consumers of various nationalities, show that all the variables analyzed can explain the differences between consumers that are willing to pay more for sustainable hotels and those that are not, except those variables capturing sociodemographic characteristics. These results could help hotel managers to establish strategies to retain more responsible consumers and increase awareness of sustainability, and should prompt them to improve their sustainability practices.


This short paper provides a short theoretical exposition of game prototyping, a discussion of available game prototyping software and typical challenges in designing games for educational purposes, and practical examples of game design workshops. In these workshops, the participants developed their own open-ended game ideas and related immersive environments in groups of three or four over half a day or longer.


The genus Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Neurospora are the most important filamentous fungal genera widely used in the fermentation industry. In fungal system, it is very difficult to measure the growth due to their filamentous and non homogeneous nature. In the present comparative studies, we are trying to measure the growth rate of fungal system by investigating cell biomass in terms of cell dry weight (g/L). Batch experiments were executed with dextrose, xylose, maltose, sucrose and lactose based medium respectively at 300C and 180 rpm. All of the strains are intensely involved in liquid waste management through biosorption and biodegradation process as well. Ultimately, these organisms have a high industrial and environmental interest, hence it is necessary to study the growth rate and pattern of these organisms under varying sugar sources for their extensively industrial uses.


Acidity created by the decomposition of chloroform solvent leads to breakdown of (Bu4N)2[{CuII(μ-OH)(μ-4-I-pz)}nCO3] (n = 27–31) nanojars in a chloroform/1,4-dioxane solution to the trinuclear complex (Bu4N)2[Cu3(μ 3-Cl)2(μ-4-I-pz)3Cl3]·0.5dioxane, which forms extended sheets based on C—I⋯Cl—Cu halogen bonding and C—H⋯Cl—Cu hydrogen bonding.


Partial resistance to multiple biotrophic fungal pathogens in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is conferred by the Lr67 gene, which encodes a Sugar Transport Protein 13 (STP13) family hexose-proton symporter variant. Two mutations (G144R, V387L) differentiate the resistant and susceptible protein variants (Lr67res and Lr67sus). The molecular function of the Lr67res protein is not well understood. We functionally characterized the wheat Lr67res protein variant using two heterologous expression systems – Xenopus laevis oocytes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Wheat and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were used to verify disease resistance capability of Lr67/STP13 variants. The Lr67res allele, but not Lr67sus, induced large sugar-independent, anion-dominated currents in oocytes and an increased sensitivity to ions in yeast, implicating a novel gain-of-function. We demonstrate that the single mutant variant, Lr67susG144R, confers disease resistance in wheat and that transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants expressing the orthologous HvSTP13 gene carrying the equivalent mutations present in Lr67res exhibited increased resistance to Puccinia hordei. NaCl treatment was found to induce leaf tip necrosis in Lr67res wheat. An Lr67res-like gain-of-function can be introduced into orthologous plant hexose transporters via single amino acid mutation, highlighting the possibility of generating disease resistance in other crop species, especially with gene editing. One sentence summary The wheat Lr67res protein responsible for multipathogen resistance has a gain-of-function over the Lr67sus protein, that is associated with anion fluxes and likely contributes to disease resistance.


IN August, 1970, the Office of Community Medicine at the Peter Rent Rrigham Hospital compiled a directory of Boston neighborhood health centers to serve as a referral manual for the professional staff of the hospital's Ambulatory Services Department. The response to this initial effort has been such that, one year later, more than 50,000 editions of the Directory have been distributed throughout the city, and more continue to be requested. This paper reviews the underlying process by which this hospital manual was transformed into a public-service directory and suggests ways in which it has had an impact on the health . . .


Based on the experiments and development on solid wastes treatment in the country and from the points of view on harmless result in the treatment and the economic possibility of solid wastes treatment,the article introduces the application effect and superiority of plasma gasification technology and considers that the opportunity for introducing plasma gasification technology to treat solid wastes has been grown up.


We present a luminosity function for Hα emission from galaxies at redshifts between 0.7 and 1.9 based on slitless spectroscopy with the near-infrared camera and multiobject spectrometer on the Hubble Space Telescope. The luminosity function is well fit by a Schechter function over the range 6 × 1041 < L41 < 2 × 1043 ergs s-1 with L* = 7 × 1042 ergs s-1 and ϕ* = 1.7 × 10-3 Mpc-3 for H0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1 and q0 = 0.5. We derive a volume-averaged star formation rate at z = 1.3 ± 0.5 of 0.13 M☉ yr-1 Mpc-3 without correction for extinction. The star formation rate that we derive at ~6500 Å is a factor of 3 higher than that deduced from 2800 Å continua. If this difference is caused entirely by reddening, the extinction correction at 2800 Å is quite significant. The precise magnitude of the total extinction correction at rest-frame UV wavelengths (e.g., 2800 and 1500 Å) is sensitive to the relative spatial distribution of the stars, gas, and dust, as well as to the extinction law. In the extreme case of a homogeneous foreground dust screen and a Milky Way or LMC extinction law, we derive a total extinction at 2800 Å of 2.1 mag, or a factor of 7 correction to the UV luminosity density. If we use the Calzetti reddening curve, which was derived for the model in which stars, gas, and dust are well mixed and nebular gas suffers more extinction than stars, our estimate of A2800 is increased by more than 1 mag.


IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA is generally considered to be well-understood, and many detailed models are available. However, most models focus on Unicast in small-scale W-LAN scenarios. When modelling beaconing in VANETs, the Broadcast nature and the (potentially) large number of nodes cause phenomena specific to large-scale broadcast scenarios not captured in present models of the 802.11 DCF. In a VANET scenario, transmissions from coordinated nodes are performed in so-called Streaks, without intermediate backoff counter decrement. We adapt the model by Engelstad and Østerbø and provide several improvements specific to VANET beaconing. The resulting analytical model is shown to have good fit with simulation results.


It is widely accepted that the area of a disaster occurrence is generally wider on the hanging wall side than on the foot wall side of a fault and that the fault dip affects the size of the disaster area. Therefore, fault dip is an important fault parameter and has played an important role in numerical simulations for the development of hazard maps. To determine or estimate the fault dip, morphological, geological, and geophysical surveys such as excavation, seismic reflection survey, gravity survey, and other research means have been employed worldwide and have yielded extensive knowledge on fault dip and shapes.


Bilateral trade is the exchange of goods between two nations promoting trade and investment. The two countries will reduce or eliminate tariffs, import quotas, export restraints, and other trade barriers to encourage trade and investment. The Marshall-Lerner (M-L) condition which is at the heart of the elasticities approach to the balance of Trade. The condition seeks to answer what happens to the current-account balance of a country when there is a devaluation of the currency. In this study, an empirical examination of the validation of M-L Condition was examined in the Bilateral Non-Oil Export Trade Balance between Nigeria and Egypt for the period 1980 to 2018. The distributed lag (DL) mechanism was used to estimate the short as well as the long run parameters. The results of the findings validated the M-L Condition in the trade relations with Egypt in the short and long run and that the M-L Condition is supported by data. The study amongst others recommended that for Nigeria to Original Research Article Obasanmi and Imahe; JEMT, 26(9): 19-27, 2020; Article no.JEMT.60528 20 implement any devaluation policy, Nigeria must first and foremost ensure a substantial increase in her non-oil exports as against imports. This is the only way the benefits can be maximized for the country.


Contents: Preface Choosing The Lesser Evil: Selecting Humanitarian Aid Projects. Part I NGO Decision Making in Theory: Filling a void in NGO research: understanding diversity in NGO behavior Opening the Black Box of Internal NGO dynamics: An Organizational Decision-Making Perspective Towards the Reality of Humanitarian Aid Provision: Three Sketches of NGO behavior. Part II MSF Holland Decision Making in Practice: Traces of the Administrative Organizations: MSF's Organizational Features Consequentionality in aid provision: MSF's Dominant Decision-Making Pattern Disagreement, Commitment, and Constraints: MSF's Secondary Decision-Making Patterns From Consequential to Garbage Can Decision Making: Two Examples of MSF aid provision to Africa. Part III ACT Netherlands Decision Making in Practice: The Opposite of the Administrative Organization: ACT Netherland's organizational features Working with 'the family': ACT's Dominant Decision-Making Pattern Working outside 'the family': ACT's Secondary Decision-Making Patterns. Part IV Comparison and Conclusion: Decision-making dynamics in MSF and ACT: Comparison and Discussion of Research Results A Look Beyond the Horizon: Identifying Steps towards Theoretical Generalization. Epilogue: Complexity Reduction through Decision Making: Intended and Unintended Consequences in humanitarian aid Appendix Bibliography Name index Subject index..


Objective: To investigate a single center's experience of treating adult SMA patients with Nusinersen. Background: Descriptive studies in adult SMA patients are lacking, especially of those treated with Nusinersen. Design/Methods: We conducted a chart review of patients with genetically confirmed SMA types 2 or 3 seen in OHSU neuromuscular clinic between 2017–2018. Results: Eighteen SMA patients were included, of those seven with type 2 and eleven with type 3, median age 36.6 (range 19–71). Seventeen were nonambulatory with a remarkable disability in strength worst in lower compared with upper limbs (%MRC of 28.1% and 54.7% respectively). Twelve had severe scoliosis, 10 required thoracolumbar fusion. Of those, six were referred for bone laminectomy for intrathecal access, three underwent procedure. Ten of 18 had significant respiratory impairment necessitating ventilation, one underwent tracheostomy. Eight were treated with Nusinersen for median of 7 months (range 1–15); seven exhibited stability in %MRC at 6 months, two demonstrated very modest improvement with %MRC change mean of 0.94% and 5% in upper and lower limbs respectively at 12 months. A 19 year-old patient treated for 15 months demonstrated stability in %MRC at 12 and 15 months. One died shortly after treatment initiation from respiratory failure. In comparison, untreated patients' %MRC remained stable. Seven patients declined treatment due to medical comorbidities, lack of data in adult SMA or advanced stage. Four patients are awaiting treatment. Side effects were as follows: 2 suffered from post lumbar puncture headache severe enough to require blood patch, 1 developed bacterial meningitis requiring admission for long term antibiotics. Conclusions: The degree of impact on strength and function in adult SMA treated with Nusinersen remains unclear, and complications secondary to its intrathecal administration can be serious. More data is needed to better understand the role of Nusinersen in adult SMA patients. Disclosure: Dr. Moshe-Lilie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chahin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Visser has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Alexion Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Dimitrova has nothing to disclose. Dr. Karam has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Akcea, Alexion, Alnyalm, Biogen, CSL Behring, Cytokinetics, Genzyme, Guidepoint, GLG. Dr. Karam has received research support from Genzyme.


Could large herbivores ("megaherbivores") modify tree-cover sufficiently to disrupt the hydrological cycle? The implications of such interactions are profound: potentially switching climates from wet to arid. Was such instability important in the past? Here, inspired by the suggestions of Gorshkov and Makarieva [1], I review the influence of megaherbivores on forests and examine what we can learn from the largest modern example, the Bush elephant (Loxodonta africana Blumenbach). These animals can certainly reduce tree and forest cover, but some tree species appear able to repel, resist or even tolerate them. Furthermore, elephant populations are vulnerable to dehydration, starvation, disease, and predation, and are thus not immune to environmental change and feedbacks. I look at the dynamics of tropical tree cover, and the balance with tropical savannas. I find evidence that megaherbivores can influence tree cover over extensive regions and might, in suitable circumstances, help tip the climate from wet to dry if such a tipping point was close. But the overall story remains complex and human influences obscure our view of key processes. While there are good reasons to believe that megaherbivores could be influential, we neither know nor fully understand the processes that led to past expansion and maintenance of savanna and other firemaintained biomes. The role of fire and flammable biomes, and the factors – including animals – that may influence them, require more attention. Fire has an appetite considerably larger than that of any megaherbivore.


In this introductory editorial, I explore whether music education has moved to a stance of moralism rather than one of ethical teaching and action. In this essay, I define morality as the principles that enable one to discern if something is right or wrong, good or bad; ethics guide an individual or group's behavior or activity based on those principles. 1 Therefore, any ethical action emerges from principles grounded in a moral belief. The questions posed in this editorial arise from a recent opinion article that called for "a less moralistic humanities." What does this call mean, and how might it look in music education, a discipline classified within both the humanities and the social sciences? Following the discussion, I introduce the six articles in this issue of Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education. Each essay relates in some way to the question of "a less moralistic humanities," for which the editorial introduction serves as a prompt for consideration.


The objectives of this paper are to investigate whether the integration levels achieved by Catalan companies are related to their choice of the options for Management System Standards (MSSs) and to research the relationships of the perceived adequacy of using new MSSs and Business Excellence Models (BEMs) with Integrated Management Systems (IMSs). To test these relationships, data was obtained from 76 organizations which responded to a survey on IMSs, the options for MSSs and the possibilities regarding the addition of new MSSs and/or BEMs. The data was analyzed by means of a Multinomial Logistic Regression and Wald and Kruskal-Wallis tests, showing that one of the options, namely "rewrite the different standards with identical requirements", was related to the integration level. However, no significant relationship between the options for using new MSSs and/or BEMs and the integration level was found. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge of MSSs and IMSs by relating the existing options for companies regarding their present and future usage of MSSs to their IMSs. Empirically, the results lead to the conclusion that efforts to increase the compatibility of MSSs should be made by all interested parties.


This paper aims to examine the constructional background and process of the Japanese military installations of Oiyang-po(外洋浦), especially based on the military secret documents. Furthermore, it aims to analyze the characteristics of the remains. The results are as follow; 1) The number of the Japanese military secret documents concerning with the installations of Oiyang-po, summed up to 33s. Especially, 14 documents about the expropriation of the lands and houses, and the constructions of the artillery position are reserved in "Mildae-ilgi"(密大日記)written from 1893 to 1942. 2) Imperialist Japan constructed firstly the military installations of Oiyang-po against the Russo-Japanese War. After the moving of the artillery headquarters into Masan in 1911, these installations had been maintained for the defense of Busan and Jinhae Bays. 3) As soon as 1904, the lands and houses of Oiyang-po were forcibly expropriated according to (韓日議定書). The Korean Government payed the expropriation prices to the dwellers. But the amount of money were too small and were lately payed. Moreover the dwellers' fishery right were never recompensed. 4) In 1904, the artillery headquarters and position were constructed by the 3rd Chookseong-dan(築城團) under the command of Matsui, a military engineer officer. The executional constructions were accomplished by the Japanese construction contractors. 5) After the moving of the artillery headquarters into Masan in 1911, the 3rd Chookseong-dan had usually repaired and consolidated the explosive warehouses and artillery facilities. 6) The artillery position constructed with the thick concrete walls was located at the foot of the mountain in back. It's plan was similar to the rectangular shape. It reserved six 280㎜ howizers and several explosive warehouses. 7) The reserve funds and arsenal funds were used for the constructions. And the items of expenses such as the establishments of the electric lights and communication networks, and the repairs of the explosive warehouses were mainly recoded in "Mildae-ilgi".


The adaptive capacity of coastal disasters caused by climate change in order to strengthen southwestern Taiwan against natural calamities in the future is investigated. In Taiwan, the coastal zone suffers from approximately four typhoons each year, and the exceptionally high sea levels caused by storm surges frequently results in coastal disasters and hinders the development of the coastal area. The problems of sea-level rises and frequent typhoons induced by climate change have threatened the Taiwanese coastal environments. These influences as well as serious land subsidence upon a scenario year were carried out in the southwest coastal areas. The present study focuses on the construction of the disaster characteristics, model establishment for situation analysis of water environmental factors, impact estimation and indefinite analysis on disasters, and vulnerability and risk estimation of coastal disasters on the study area. These results could provide useful information to establish strategies to implement as well as how to analyze the benefits of such a program.


The objective of this paper is to construct a marketing performance indication model for the agri-tourism farms in Taiwan.At first,the Delphi method was used to collect a number of indicators related to the marketing performance conducted by agri-tourism farm(?) and then applied the approach of BSC(Balanced Scorecard) to build up the crucial(?) which greatly affect the marketing performance,and the fuzzy AHP(Fuzzy Analytic Hiera(?) Process:FAHP) is applied to analyze the weight of each factors in the dimension of marketing performance,and gave the various factors weight indicator and ranking order.These findings would be very useful for the decision-makers of the agri-tourism farms to improve their performance in the operations of marketing.The findings of this paper are:Three dimensions in first level,14 secondary indicators in second level(subordinate dimension).Secondly,in an evaluation of performance of agricultural marketing,which,the higher the value of fuzzy solution,and the greater its importance is.The ranking order is;Tourists' satisfaction(0.564), tourists' contribution(0.247),the attractiveness of the agri-tourism farms(0.189).In view of second level,the two most crucial indicators are:The annual number of tourists(0.086), service satisfaction(0.116),and annual net profit(0.154).And after linking the two-stage series and giving each weight x 100,a total of 14 indicators were obtained.The top three indicators are:First is service satisfaction which the tourists received from the farm staffs(6.543). Second is the satisfaction over environmental surroundings(4.738),gastronomy satisfaction (5.584)


Introduction The rise of China and India, two economic superpowers (if not quite yet military superpowers), almost simultaneously is perhaps unprecedented in history and this presents both opportunities and challenges. While the likelihood of actual military conflict has been somewhat limited by norms against the use of force since the Second World War, proxies for actual military conflict are often found as the trade skirmishes fought between the US, Japan and the EU have illustrated. However, China and India have ostensibly chosen to pursue development strategies based on cooperation rather than competition. China has assured the Asian region that it will stay on the path of peaceful development and it is actively engaging other nations to work towards win-win partnerships. In particular, China has, along with Japan and South Korea, been working with ASEAN in the ASEAN+3 process. India has also embraced a policy that encourages regional cooperation. At the first East Asia Summit (EAS) held in Kuala Lumpur on 14 December 2005, the Indian Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, outlined his vision of an emerging Asian Economic Community (AEC) as including ASEAN, India and China. He also envisioned a Pan Asian Free Trade Agreement which, together with many other free trade agreements (FTAs) being negotiated in the region, would form the building blocks of the eventual AEC. ASEAN is already in the process of negotiating FTAs with both China and India and has already concluded Framework Agreements (FAs) for these FTAs.


Campus heritage offers the most complete course in achieving sustainability in the timeframe we have. Over the past decade, the use of green building rating systems to evaluate design and construction programs has moved from the bleeding edge to the mainstream, particularly on college and university campuses. More than 600 institutions have formally adopted sustainable campus initiatives through the American College & University Presidents' Climate Commitment. Membership in the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) has grown to nearly 1,000 institutions. Many schools use the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System(TM) to track green design strategies for their building projects. Hundreds invest considerable time and financial resources to submit their building projects to LEED's third-party review process and proudly proclaim their certification achievements. As an architect deeply engaged in the design of higher education facilities, I can testify directly to what a profound sea change these trends represent. Green building rating tools have helped to codify the assessment of design and construction practices and to establish a common vocabulary for sustainability in building. Institutional program managers and design professionals address considerations of sustainable site development, reductions in water and energy use, air quality protection, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, improvement of interior environmental conditions, use of healthy materials derived from sustainable resources, and best practices in design, construction, and commissioning procedures. Green building practice has "matured" and proliferated to a degree that was almost unimaginable a decade ago. Yet, far too little attention is given to how green building concepts and practices apply to existing buildings and particularly to the stewardship of campus heritage buildings. Not infrequently, this disconnect is nearly complete. To illustrate the point, a recent AASHE conference included many sessions about campus planning and building programs. Nearly every plan addressed the development of new building projects and the planning of new "green" campuses with barely a word spoken about existing buildings and the "legacy" campuses they occupy. To be fair, a parallel disconnect also exists in the fields of historic preservation and heritage conservation. Many preservation architects are skeptical about whether and how green building principles and practices can be applied appropriately to historic buildings. Further, many preservation advocates believe that the best way to protect heritage properties is to exempt them from energy efficiency and green building mandates. While this may help to halt the most egregious practices, like replacing historic windows with vinyl replacement windows, such exemptions are typically seen as an admission that historic buildings are, and must always be, energy hogs. Despite such skepticism and disconnect, the intersection of historic preservation and sustainable design is being defined with considerable energy in the preservation world. For example, the Association for Preservation Technology International, which provides the primary forum for sharing technical know-how among preservation professionals, has conducted two symposia since 2005 on "sustainable preservation" and is organizing a third for its 2011 annual conference. Similar discourse is taking place at the National Trust for Historic Preservation, which created the Preservation Green Lab in Seattle to advance science relevant to the sustainability of historic preservation and existing building reuse. The Technical Preservation Services office of the National Park Service, the agency responsible for determining the appropriateness and sufficiency of treatments to designated historic structures, is working on expanding its Preservation Guidelines to address green building practices at historic sites. …


Black hole (BH) spin can play an important role in galaxy evolution by controlling the amount of energy and momentum ejected from near the BH into the surroundings. We focus on the magnetically-arrested disk (MAD) state in the sub- and super-Eddington regimes, when the accretion disk is radiatively-inefficient and geometrically-thick, and the system launches strong BH-powered jets. Using a suite of 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we find that for any initial spin, a MAD rapidly spins down the BH to the equilibrium spin of $0<a_{\rm eq} \lesssim 0.1$, very low compared to $a_{\rm eq} = 1$ for the standard thin luminous (Novikov-Thorne) disks. This implies that rapidly accreting (super-Eddington) BHs fed by MADs tend to lose most of their rotational energy to magnetized relativistic outflows. In a MAD, a BH only needs to accrete $10\%$ of its own mass to spin down from $a=1$ to $a=0.2$. We construct a semi-analytic model of BH spin evolution in MADs by taking into account the torques on the BH due to both the hydrodynamic disk and electromagnetic jet components, and find that the low value of $a_{\rm eq}$ is due to both the jets slowing down the BH rotation and the disk losing a large fraction of its angular momentum to outflows. Our results have crucial implications on how BH spins evolve in active galaxies and other systems such as collapsars, where BH spin-down timescale can be short enough to significantly affect the evolution of BH-powered jets.


ABSTRACT After the People's Republic of China was founded, a system of Marxist historiography was soon established in modern Chinese history studies. Researchers began to conduct a systematic collection of historical records and made outstanding achievements in many fields of study. During the Cultural Revolution, academic research was brought to a standstill: there were few publications in modern history studies. When the country entered a period of reform and opening-up in 1978, modern Chinese history studies witnessed unprecedented prosperity: there was a breakthrough in the single-line narration of political and revolutionary history and in the use of a single theoretical methodology. Researchers have made outstanding achievements and developed modern Chinese history studies into a mature subdiscipline of historiography.


This study investigates the washing away of meanings during translation process and the cause of this erosion. The research makes use of back translation technique to show how culture and some linguistic tendencies such as ambiguity, limited vocabulary lexical mismatch, word order or structural mismatch affected the translation of English Bible (King James Version) to the Igbo Bible (Bible Nso version translated by Thomas J Dennis). To achieve this, the research adopts the theory of sense translation also known as descriptive theory. Some verses of the Bible Nso were randomly selected and back translated to contemporary English for analysis through content analysis method. This research reveals that there are some loss of meanings or erosion of meanings during translation process of the Igbo Bible, of which when back translated to English does not produce the same effect as the original source, whereas, the ultimate goal of a translation is to give same sense effect to the target language as the source language. Random sampling method was used to select some verses in the Bible cutting across the old testaments and the New Testament. The findings of this work shows that cultural factors as well as linguistic factors such as ambiguity, limited vocabulary or lexical mismatch, word order or structural mismatch, figurative expressions are the major cause of the washing away of meanings.


Presented here is a new result concerning the computational power of so-called SADn computers, a class of Turing-machine-based computers that can perform some non-Turing computable feats by utilising the geometry of a particular kind of general relativistic spacetime. It is shown that SADn can decide n-quantifier arithmetic but not (n+1)-quantifier arithmetic, a result that reveals how neatly the SADn family maps into the Kleene arithmetical hierarchy. 1. Introduction2. Axiomatising computers3. The power of SAD computers4. Remarks regarding the concept of computability Introduction Axiomatising computers The power of SAD computers Remarks regarding the concept of computability


For our community 2013 could be called the year of Code.org. It made a big splash in February 2013 with its suite of YouTube videos featuring celebrities (tech pioneers Bill Gates, Jack Dorsey, Mark Zuckerburg, Ruchi Sanghvi, to NBA star Chris Bosch, rock star will.i.am and follow-up videos featuring former US president Bill Clinton). If 12+ million views in less than three weeks are any indicator of potential interest among students, then the big challenge is how to tap into and deliver on the opportunities for learning computing to school-age kids? Hadi and Ali Partovi, founders of Code. org have an uncanny and tireless ability to attract the superstar talent, which includes thousands of teachers and practitioners, the resources, and perhaps the most effective PR campaign our field has ever seen. Enter Hour of Code, Code.org's partnership with ACM, CSTA, and other computing organizations (read also as "friendly takeover") for the annual Computer Science Education Week [7] and, in December of 2013, it reached out to inspire over 20 million students to learn to code. Crowdsourcing of local volunteers across the world seems to have solved the issue of reaching out to ten million kids. However, two big questions loom: What will we teach them in an hour of coding? And, what will we do beyond that? True to the nature of our discipline, the tools that were used for this unprecedented event are going to be somewhat of a last minute development exercise. Or so it seemed. Code.org featured a selection of tools and tutorials many of which were put together just days before the event. It was only a few weeks before the event when Rovio [15] generously made available the design and API for its Angry Birds app, as did PopCap Games [14] for its Plants vs. Zombies game. There was a lot of game or game style programming in these first time coding sessions. Many readers of this magazine might cringe at that, or perhaps jump with joy depending on what side of the pedagogic dichotomy they fall on. One set of Hour of Code tutorials targeted for elementary and middle school kids exploits visual programming environments for teaching programming. These include familiar environments like Scratch [16] and AppInventor [13] plus a whole host of new browser or tablet based interactive multimedia tutorial IDEs like Tynker [18], LightBot [12], Kodable [11], Blockly [1], and Code.org's Angry Birds and Plants vs. Zombies based environment [4]. Most of the lessons employ maze-based, adventure puzzle games. Kids go through a set of graded exercises/puzzles to drive characters in a scene: a red Angry Bird going after a Green Pig; a robot like creature navigating a block of squares, etc. Kids learn the basics of programming: sequencing, selection, and iteration by using command blocks like moveForward or turnLeft. All of these environments use Scratch-like drag-and-drop command blocks to construct scripts or programs. Not all tutorials require computers or tablets. Several in Thinkersmith's tutorials are completely unplugged, no computer is required [17]. Digital Playgrounds for Early Computing Education


Abstract : The application of modern surface science experimental techniques to probe free semiconductor surfaces and their interfaces with gases and meals has enabled a much greater understanding of the role that imperfections, defects etc. play in the formation of Schottky barriers and related devices. In section 1 of this report we detail the interactions between various metals and vacuum cleaved and air cleaved (110) surfaces of CdTe. For metal vacuum cleaved CdTe interfaces we show that the interfaces formed are very non abrupt with interface widths in some cases exceeding twenty five angstroms. Also, provided one eliminates the systems where cadmium outdiffusion into high work function metals occurs then good agreement between the linear interface model in the Schottky limit and the data occurs. Where cadmium outdiffusion into high work function metals does occur it is postulated that Fermi level pinning in the band gap occurs due to the formation of doubly charged cadmium vacancies. The presence of an interfacial layer, due to oxidation or due to deposition of very thin ( 2 Angstroms) aluminum layers, between the vacuum cleaved CdTe surface and the metal overlayer drastically effects the Schottky barrier height. Oxidation of the surface prior to metal deposition always leads to an increase in Schottky barrier height.


When are corticosteroids appropriate for patients with herpes zoster? Which tricyclics are best for frail and elderly patients with PHN pain? And when should you consider opioids?


Objective To observe the efficacy of nursing intervention on the incision infection of patients with digestive tract operation. Methods 112 patients with digestive tract operation were randomly divided into intervention group and control group,each of 56 cases. Control group was given routine care and guidance. Intervention group,on the basis of control group,was given targeted nursing intervention. After intervention,compared the wound healing,infection rate and the satisfaction rate of 2 groups. Results The class-A healing rate of intervention group was higher than of control group( P 0. 05) ,the infection rate was lower than that of control group( P 0. 05) ,the very satisfactory rate and total satisfaction was higher than that of control group( P 0. 01 ) . Conclusion Nursing intervention can effectively prevent incision infection,improve the healing rate of incision and the patient's satisfaction rate.


The Japan Coast Guard (JCG) provides the tidal current information at Kurushima Kaikyo Strait for vessels which are passing the Strait according to the Maritime Traffic Safety Law. In March 2012, we unified the information provision methods to the Electric Sign. We have 6 Electric Signal Boards at 4 Signal Stations and we installed 4 LED Signal Boards at 2 Signal Stations. The result of visibility survey of the signal boards using LED Units shows good condition to provide the tidal current information for vessels at Kurushima Kaikyo Strait area. usually use


In the background of artificial intelligence (AI) era, deep neural networks (DNNs) also have a far-reaching impact on all walks of life. For the field of education, the integration of deep neural network technology and language teaching is more in-depth. Targeting at the problems of high costs and low efficiency of manual evaluation, this paper aims to study the evaluation of the English subjective questions by using deep neural networks. Firstly, the surface features of the English character information, including English antisense, negative information, semantic features, word frequency, sentences length, and words order, are combined; and the calculation method of the English sentence similarity based on multifeature fusion is established through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Secondly, the English text recognition is composed of long and short memory lost by aggregation cross entropy. The introduction of aggregation cross entropy can effectively improve the accuracy of text recognition. Finally, the evaluation model based on deep neural network is used to evaluate the English subjective questions. The experimental results, in terms of accuracy, recall rate, and effectiveness of the automatic recognition, show that the proposed method has high accuracy and can effectively improve the quality of the English teaching and realize a personalized teaching approach.


For many Ethernet-based real-time systems, such as those from automotive, avionics, and industry automation domains, fault tolerance is emerged as an essential requirement for enabling fail-safe or fail-operational behavior. Consequently, the IEEE 802.1CB-2017 standard was published. It is currently the only available time-sensitive networking group standard offering protection against transmission errors. It tackles these faults by preventively replicating the frames and transmitting redundant copies via different paths to the destination. However, in contrast to its obvious advantages, the standard contains some pitfalls: most notably, it lacks protection mechanisms against inadequate configurations, which can not only invalidate the intended increase in reliability but even actively jeopardize the safety of the network. Due to the lack of alternative mechanisms, it is crucial to fully understand the fundamental properties of the standard and its implications on the safety aspects of the network traffic. In this letter, we identify critical aspects and limitations of the standard. We demonstrate the risks of inadequate configurations, discuss their ramifications. Finally, we provide an intuition and initial steps toward deriving the formal worst-case timing analysis of the standard, which is a key requirement for its safe and efficient implementation in the aforementioned real-time domains.


With the developing of the study of Confucian classics,the study of Confucian classics of Song Dynasty has emerged,which is different from the study of Han Dynasty.The differences lie in the purpose,attitude and method: Han scholars aim at running their state but Song scholars aim at cultivating their heart;Han scholars overcautious and Song scholars unconventional;Han scholars pay attention to textual research and Song scholars pay attention to themselves' thought.Although both Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi are Song scholars,they are different from end other:the former advocates "heart study",But the latter advocates "Li(理) study".Lu Jiuyuan puts forward an famous argument which was "Confucian classics annotates my thought,and my thought annotates Confucian classics".This shows Lu Jiuyuan's attitudes and ways of studying Confucian classics under the guiding thought of his heart study.Now,it still has important meanings in helping people understand Song study and explore Lu Jiuyuan's thought.


I explore the interpretation of global and regional economic integration as issues of equality of access for producers in di¤erent locations to any particular market. An industry in an individual country can be seen as becoming more globalised as producers worldwide gain more equal access to that market: if increasing access is only concentrated within a region of the world, then the market should be viewed as regionalised. This approach suggests that it is appropriate to apply economic in- equality measures (the Lorenz curve and Gini coe¢ cient and related en- tropy indices) to measuring the extent of global and regional integration. The market of an apparently open economy should be seen as regionalised (rather than globalised) if there is a high degree of equality of access be- tween producers within the region, but inequality vis-a-vis other foreign producers. In this case, the change in Gini coe¢ cient for access to a coun- try from classing together those countries within ?the region? and those outside ?the region?would be small. The third measure is the Gini co- e¢ cient comparing home and foreign producers, which corresponds most closely to standard openness measures. Overall, comparing 9 specimen economies, I ?nd that when market access for all countries is taken into account, the USA is the most glob- alised and India and China are the least globalised, with EU countries, Canada and Turkey somewhere in between. The smaller EU economies, which are very open on standard measures, should probably be viewed as regionalised rather than globalised.


The divisional application of the invention discloses an intelligent control method for a cup. Multiple temperature sensors which are arranged in the vertical direction are installed on the inner wall of a cup body, and each temperature sensor corresponds to a volume value, so that the real-time liquid volume, the true liquid temperature and the integral final surface temperature can be measured and supplied to a user for reference. In addition, the volume value can be set, a person who pours water is reminded in advance and can judge the water pouring speed, and the mode is particularly suitable for a blind user.


Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid widely investigated in various fields due to its antioxidant, anti‐cancer, and anti‐inflammatory activities, but few studies have shown its inhibitory effect on T cell activation. This study examined the therapeutic potential of kaempferol in atopic dermatitis by modulating T cell activation.


In order to understand permeability change of single phase flow of gas,oil and water in cores from ultra low permeability reservoir,the cores from Fuyang reservoir of Chaoyanggou oilfield are used to conduct laboratory experiment.It has been verified that the threshold pressure and the degree of permeability decline of single phase flow are related with fluid property.The increasing degree of threshold pressure will increase with the decline of gas logging permeability,and the degree of permeability decline will increase with the decline of gas logging permeability.


The von Braun reaction, that is the reaction of cyanogen bromide with tertiary amines, was applied to a series of functionalized N-alkyl azetidines. This reaction mainly leads to the cleavage of the strained four-membered ring, producing 3-bromo N-alkyl cyanamides in good yield and variable regioselectivity, which can be used as original building blocks for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles.


The cholesteryl esters (3b and 3a) of 5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene-16-crown-5 and 5-carboxy-4,6-dichloro-1,3-phenylene-16-crown-5 show cholesteric liquid crystalline behavior but only upon heating samples that were rapidly cooled from the isotropic melt in the case of 3a and a monotropic phase for 3b. The dichloro compound 3a was formed by treatment of the corresponding acid 2 with SOCl2 first and then cholesterol; it is believed that the SOCl2 was contaminated with SO2Cl2, leading to the chlorination of the aromatic ring. The dichloro compound 3a was structurally characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction. 3a crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell parameters of a = 12.76(4) A, b = 17.511(5) A, and c = 18.213 A. Use of freshly opened SOCl2 produced 3b. The reaction of the acid 2 and cholesterol in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide yielded the acylisourea 4 as the major product (64%) along with 3b (36%) upon treatment with cholesterol. The dicholesteryl ester 9 of b...


ABSTRACT Suggested by your recent reesume and editorials upon the Etiology of Tetanus, I venture to recall two cases of the traumatic variety, which in the matter of treatment seem to have been in line at least with some of the more recent investigations and conclusions.At the period of their occurrence, a quarter of a century ago, Gross and others regarded all treatment of the "obstinate disease" as empirical. Upon this subject he says, "there are, I presume, few surgeons who would be found to be so venturesome as to remove a limb on the approach of such a disease, and none would certainly be foolish enough (italics mine) to attempt the expedient after it is fully established."It is true the bacterial origin of the malady had not then been determined, if suspected, but the writer believed that a poison or irritant connected with the wound was responsible for


Spiegel's hernia is a rare form of spontaneous abdominal anterolateral hernia (0.12–2% of abdominal hernias) seen in people between 40 and 70 years old. It is often found at the weak point located at the intersection between the semilunar line and the lateral end of the arched line. Traditionally, it was repaired with an open approach, currently we have multiple minimally invasive techniques (enhanced-view total extraperitoneal eTEP, transabdominal preperitoneal, intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair…) that offer less pain, faster recovery and shorter hospital stay as well as less complications risk and better cosmetic outcomes. None of these has proven superior to others but the eTEP approach requires an extensive learning curve.

 To show a video of an eTEP approach to Spiegel's hernia.

 We report the case of a 51 year old woman, without previous abdominal surgery, who consulted for a lump, manually reducible, in the right iliac fossa which appeared 2 years ago, and became progressively painful. She was diagnosed pre-surgically with abdominal tomography and was scheduled electively for an eTEP repair.

 After hernia sac reduction and tension-free closure of the defect with barbed suture 0, 15×15cm polypropylene mesh is placed.

 Spiegel's hernia is an infrequent type of abdominal wall defect and several techniques have been developed. Adequate selection of patients is important to identify the most suitable approach for each one. The eTEP approach allows working in a large extraperitoneal space and has been demonstrated to be safe and effective although a demanding procedure.


We introduce a Bayesian framework for modeling indi- vidual differences, in which subjects are assumed to belong to one of a potentially infinite number of groups. In this model, the groups observed in any particular data set are not viewed as a fixed set that fully explain the variation between individuals, but rather as representatives of a latent, arbitrarily rich structure. As more peo- ple are seen, the number of observed groups is allowed to grow, as more details about the individual differences are revealed. We use the Dirichlet process – a distribution widely used in nonparametric Bayesian statistics – to define a prior for the model, allowing us to learn flexible parameter distributions without overfitting the data, or requiring the complex computations typically required for determining the dimensionality of a model. As an initial demonstration of the approach, we present an application of the method to categorization data.


Mucormycoses are a group of invasive infections caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucoraceae family, with the rhinocerebral form of the disease being the most common in a large case series. Uncontrolled diabetes and increased level of serum iron are regarded as the two leading predisposing factors for the development of the disease. We present a case of a 43-year-old male patient recently diagnosed with diabetes presenting with features of orbital apex syndrome and short-term memory loss. He was found to have rhino-oculocerebral mucormycosis on histopathological and radiological evaluations.


Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the fastest-growing health problems in the world, which is nowreaching an epidemic proportion in some countries. There were around 3,852,000 cases of diabetes in SaudiArabia in 2017. Geriatric patients are at particularly high risk, especially those who lack the knowledge ofself-care to control their blood glucose levels. When reviewing the literature, we did not find any focus oneducational interventions to reduce the errors related to the use of an insulin pen. Therefore, it is essential toconduct research to measure these outcomes and apply the applicable intervention if needed. Aim: The aimof this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-conducted educational intervention on reducing theerrors related to inappropriate insulin pen use. Methods: A multicentred, prospective, before-and-after studywith an educational intervention component was carried out. The study was conducted on (n = 1500) elderlytype 2 diabetic patients. Results: The patients' mean age was approximately 65.2 ± 3.5 years old with a maleto female ratio of 60:40. Around 95.5% of patients stated that they had received instructions for insulin penuse from their physicians. The average duration of their diabetes was approximately 15 ± 2.8 years. Aftergiving complete instructions to the patients, we found an improvement in insulin pen use by approximately30 %, and a significant decrease in the rate of errors. Conclusion: Pharmacists can play an important role inthe safety and efficiency of the use of insulin pens in elderly diabetic patients by decreasing the likelihoodof medication errors associated with them.


A simulation model of JKY2. 5/2B hydraulic hoist is established using SIMLINK software. The simulation model which includes deadband and saturation nonlinear units is consists of main driving system and braking system. The simulations of main shaft speed and pressure p2 are finished with deferent across areas of throttle in braking system and hoisting loads and operator's running speeds. The simulation shows that the phenomena "start up but sliding down on slope" has relation with across area of throttle in braking system and hoisting load and operator's running speed. This paper provides a simulation model for dynamic design of hydraulic hoist. 7figs. ,1tab. ,10refs.


Introduction The mathematician George Mackey (1916–2006) is often remembered both for his scholarly contributions and his methodical, solitary work habits, tempered by an eager affinity for discussing mathematics with all who took an interest. His broad view of the subject inspired his contributions in infinite-dimensional group representations, ergodic theory, and mathematical physics. In 1982, Mackey's daughter Ann was a student at Yale University. Her friend, Stephanie Frank Singer, was a sophomore in college trying to decide whether to major in math or physics. Mackey had faced a similar dilemma as an undergraduate, and throughout his career the two disciplines competed for his attention. To help Singer with her decision-making process, Mackey wrote two letters1 to her in September and October of 1982. He also sent her the text of a talk he had delivered on "What do mathematicians do?" in Paris in March, 1978.2 Extensive Cooperation with Rugged Individualism George Mackey's guide for practitioners of mathematics


The multi-body dynamic model and finite element model of gripping mechanism were built by Pro-E、Mechanism/Pro、ADAMS and ANSYS software based on virtual prototype technology.The relationship between gripping force F0 and forging dip angle was researched under the condition of friction,and the strength of key parts with different clamping force F0 were analyzed.The results showed that the optimal clamping force of gripping mechanism discussed in the paper is 240T~250T for rated load by comprehensive consideration of forging dip angle  and safety factor n of key parts.The results can provide certain theoretical significance for improving the reliability of gripping mechanism and further realizing the flexible control of gripping forging.


To investigate how structural modifications affect tuberculostatic potency, we synthesized seven new piperidinothiosemicrabazone derivatives 8–14, in which three of them had a pyrazine ring replacing the pyridine ring. Derivatives 8–9 and 13–14 exhibited significant activity against the standard strain (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 2–4 μg/mL) and even greater activity against the resistant M. tuberculosis strain (MIC 0.5–4 μg/mL). Additionally, the effects of compounds 8–9 were entirely selective (MIC toward other microorganisms ≥ 1000 μg/mL) and non-toxic (IC50 to HaCaT cells 5.8 to >50 μg/mL). The antimycobacterial activity of pyrazine derivatives 11–12 was negligible (MIC 256 to >500 μg/mL), indicating that replacing the aromatic ring was generally not a promising line of research in this case. The zwitterionic structure of compound 11 was determined using X-ray crystallography. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) calculations showed that all compounds, except 11, could be considered for testing as future drugs. An analysis of the structure–activity relationship was carried out, indicating that the higher basicity of the substituent located at the heteroaromatic ring might be of particular importance for the antituberculous activity of the tested groups of compounds.


Over the last decade, international education initiatives and higher education restructuring in various parts of the world have been increasingly entangled with national knowledge economy policy and urban growth projects. The ensuing entanglements have been more or less 'policied' by what might be termed 'educity imaginaries', which have taken spectacular material form in some global cities. In this paper, we explore the working out of educity imaginaries in Auckland against the backdrop of shifting investment trajectories and the global mobility of educity policy. We argue that globalising imaginaries have intersected with local policy legacies and political economy to produce a mix of mundane and promissory imaginaries. We examine the frictions generated in these encounters and the ways in which they are reworked as resources in local city-making. Working from a commitment to enactive research, we argue that Auckland City might make much more of the possibilities opened up by 'educity imaginaries'.


Preventing the introduction of dangerous organisms into new countries and regions requires an international approach. The article reviews the most dangerous organisms for different continents, and describes in particular the procedures developed in Europe for assessing quarantine risks, through international cooperation within the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. The activities of EPPO are reviewed, and also those of the ISHS Plant Protection Commission, especially in relation to fruit-tree viruses. The implementation of international cooperation within the European Community, and specifically in Denmark, is described.


Electrically small or compact antennas are limited by the physical fundamental laws. Introducing elements assets within an antenna structure can be an opportunity to overcome these limitations. Non-Foster elements are generally used to improve impedance matching of miniature antennas. In this paper, the Non-Foster elements are proposed as an innovative method to build up highly directive array antenna. This paper presents a design methodology for super-directive antenna arrays, centred at 868 MHz using two dipoles associated with Non-Foster elements.


Abstract Previous meta-analyses of PAH-specific therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pooled PAH-specific combination therapy and monotherapy together. The flaw might threaten the authenticity of their findings. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated any PAH-specific medications in the treatment of PAH. We calculated odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data and standardized mean differences for continuous data. In total, 35 RCTs involving 6,702 patients were included. In monotherapy vs placebo/conventional therapy, significance was obtained in mortality reduction (OR:0.50; 95%CI:0.33-0.76; P=0.001), six-minute walk test (6MWD) (MD:31.10m; 95%CI: 25.40 to 36.80; P


The donor bases of many charities suffer high lapse rates that both restrict growth and carry a heavy cost in recruitment needed to replace the lost donors. This paper argues that it should be possible to reduce these high lapse rates, based on the experience of businesses that have reduced their lapse rates by giving customers better value. Giving customers good value gives them good reason to come back for more. The paper looks at evidence that donors, like customers, want satisfaction in return for their money. The paper proposes a model of donor value to identify how charities can give donors more for their money, providing a route to reduce lapsing and so improve charity profitability and growth.


In this paper,we propose a method to solve the problem of geometry theorem proving based on ontology theory.We describe the process of ontology construction,the reasoning based on ontology and prolog rules,and an example of a geometry theorem proving.The result shows that theorem proving based on ontology is efficient.This approach has advantages such as avoiding determining the problem repeatedly,natural language more closely,expressing the domain knowledge and the concepts hierarchy clearly.In addition this method can execute reasoning of complex relationships,and ultimately accomplishes elementary geometry theorem proving on ontology and prolog rules.


Multiphoton detachment of Au - is studied at an irradiation wavelength of 1064 nm and for optical pulses of ∼40 ps duration and maximum intensity ∼3×10 12 W/cm 2 . The negative gold ion can be detached by absorption of a minimum of two 1.165-eV photons which leads to ejection of ∼20-meV electrons


Interviews with 100 visibly injured servicemen are the basis of this analysis of varieties of reaction to curiosity and staring. Discussion of injuries is acceptable when it is controlled by the wishes of the injured man, but is objectionable when it represents idle curiosity. Staring is an invasion of privacy which the injured man can not control. His acceptance or rejection of his injury determines his perception of the other person's attitude and interest. Talking about implications of the injury may aid his outlook. Avoiding the topic makes the injured man more insecure and sensitive, rather than resolving his conflicting feelings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT : Tire is the most essential part of automobile and it plays crucial role in ensuring safe driving. Even then,almost every automobile on the road run with either one or more under inflated tires. Detailed survey hascome with result that drop-in tire pressure by just few psi leads to the reduction in gas mileage, tire life, safedrivingandvehicleperformance.Unawarenessofexactpressurerequirement,suddenenvironmentalchanges are also some of causes for tire running with improper pressure. Automatic tire pressure controllingand self-inflating system ensures correct pressure in the tire all the time. Drop in pressure is detected byhissing sound made by tire and system will starts refilling the tire automatically according to the requirementof thetire. Thissystemisnamed automatic because it checksthe tirepressure constantlyusing pressuregauge and accordingly gives alert signals to the driver. Aim of this project is to stabilize all automobile tireswith ideal pressure, make system absolutely automatic, achieve satisfactory fuel efficiency, construct anaffordable system, increase tire life and reduce accident rate has been achieved by installing the system invehicle.


In January 1987 the Centre for African Family Studies (CAFS) Nairobi Kenya and Columbia Universitys Center for Population and Family Health Library/Information Program (CPFH) began a joint initiative to strengthen and automate the CAFS Library. Automation was initiated in November 1987 using an IBM-XT computer and INMAGIC version 7.0 after an initial needs assessment of information library and computer needs and resources by 3 members of the CPFH staff during a site visit in March 1987. The assessment was an analysis of the capabilities and limitations of the CAFS Information and Documentation Unit/Library and offered recommendations on: physical arrangement; budget; library collection organization and collection access; library services; staffing and staff training; library automation; and networking. A phased Library Development Plan was included. INMAGIC is commercially available both in developed and developing country institutions and can produce printed library catalogues by subject author and document number as well as import microcomputer-readable records from the POPLINE bibliographic database. INMAGIC record and print formats were developed to facilitate importing of downloaded POPLINE citations and to accomodate addition of CAFS bibliographic data. Prior to automation the Cafs library received 2 document collections donated by POPLINE contributors (Operations Research; AIDS in Africa). The documents were delivered with corresponding POPLINE printouts and provisions made for monthly POPLINE updates to the collection. Both POPLINE and non-POPLINE records were added to create the CAFS bibliographic operations research microcomputer database using 1 simplified Data Structure. This technology transfer will serve as a model for library automation at other African family planning institutions. (authors modified)


The names all seem a bit mundane: Little Pete's; The Big Apple; University City High School; Cup & Saucer; Variety Playhouse; Jamaica High School; Market Diner; Cats; and Key Elementary. To the unaffiliated, they might just sound like the everyday names of everyday institutions. Their evocations resonate with the quotidian rather than the spectacular. And, I believe, that is an important part of this story. These were the names of everyday places for everyday people, their specialness a result of their prosaic asceticand aesthetic-ness, rather than glitz, glamor, or gimmick. Some were spaces that people attended everyday, others with ritual itinerancy, others just whenever possible. They were places that, for many (though not for all), provided important modes of orientation and sanctuary in a world often disorienting and, truly, without sanctuary. These diners, porn theaters, and schools were places that often exceeded their pragmatic surfaces of food, desire, and education, providing pasture for belonging and pleasure. Were, as they are now closed. The past tense conditions a mode of orientation toward these three kinds of institutions that might seem like unlikely company. That they have been and continue to be shuttered as victims in the current regime of "urban development" and gentrification is only one shared aspect of the story as to how and why they emerged in my life as a trio. The other reason stems from the responses that were said, written, made, and offered about them during and after their eventual closure. In their wake, the communities that


The basic principle and characteristic of magnetotelluric frequency spectrum survey was described briefly,and the model of earth resistivity to determine the relative collation coefficients was set up.Furthermore,the marks of frequency were directly converted into the scales of detecting depth.The methods of setting up model as well as contrast and explanation means were given in detail.The application effect and prospect of the method are showed by the examples,including the detection of coal seam collapse column and identification of coal seam and so on.


A new revolutionary fiber (SECURUS) that is offered by Honeywell to the automotive industry suitable for use in safety belts is able to absorb a passenger's kinetic energy without the passenger being subjected to excessive forces. This paper analyses thoroughly the mechanisms of the energy dissipation during an automotive accident. Such analysis shows the role of the belt and its characteristics in the process of energy dissipation. We have shown that there are two interacting mechanisms: one by the vehicle (energy absorbing elements) and another by the belt itself. We built simple and useful mathematical models of the process and showed quantitatively (using the belts of real characteristics and dimensions) how the remarkable characteristics of SECURUS fiber allow the force reduction. In this paper the models are simple enough to keep the major effects transparent to the observer. First, we proposed a general iterative algorithm that describes mathematically the body-belt interaction during an accident. Then we obtained a quantitative solution for a simple system of a block on a sled with a damper, the block restricted by a belt, with all parameters of the model similar to a typical automotive sled test. And finally, we considered a model of an "infinite" impulse with a two-dimensional model of seat-belt arrangement where the clear advantage of using SECURUS fiber has been demonstrated quantitatively.


This study addresses several questions: (1) is a soybean yield limit being reached?, (2) what is the rate of return to soybean research, and is the research effect stable over time?, (3) are technology spill-overs between states important?, (4) do input and output price fluctuations affect soybean yields?, (5) what types of weather affect soybean yields?


Embodiments are directed to a sprinkler system (200) having a valve (204, 206, 208, 352) for discharging a liquid to suppress fire, a sensor (214) disposed at the valve, the sensor configured to provide an output indicating a flow of liquid, and a processor disposed at the valve, the processer processing the output of the sensor to provide an indication of liquid flow at the valve.


In this study, we performed three leak tests on a side-recirculated air isolator: a particle-count test, performed at a variety of positive and negative pressures; the SF 6 trace gas method, performed at a variety of airflow velocities; and a pressure decay method, performed at a variety of initial pressures. From the particle-count test, we measured particle leak ratios of 30–34% for pressures of −18 to −25 Pa. In contrast, using the SF 6 tracer gas method. we measured leak ratios of 7.8%, 5.9%, and 3.8% for airflow velocities of 0.61, 0.51, and 0.41 m/s, respectively. The particle-count test detected leaks quickly and easily, but its leak ratio was overly high because it included particles from outside of the chamber as well as from the filter. Although the SF 6 tracer gas method took more time, it was more sensitive and accurate. The leak quantity would be affected by air velocity and the pressure. Leak concentration acted as sterilization phase of isolator that would result in concentration distributed nonhomogeneous phenomena; concentration distributed from outside of the chamber can be acted as a leakage diffusion situation of contaminants leak. Using the pressure decay method to compare downward airflow through a raised-floor and side-wall return air isolators, the fall time, leak quantity, and leak area of the downward airflow through a raised-floor isolator was five times greater, four times les, and 4.5 times less than that of the side-wall return-air isolator, respectively. According to idea gas law, keeping the temperature and pressure of the chamber constant will effectively reduce the leak quantity.


The function, stracture of hardware and design of software of the electrical control system for engine training equipment are analyzed in this paper.