Using daily full-disk magnetograms and He I 10830 spectroheliograms to study the count and surface distribution of ephemeral regions over the solar cycle, Harvey (1985) concluded that the small dark structures seen in 10830, thought to correspond to X-ray bright points, were more often associated with magnetic bipoles that appeared to result from an encounter of already existing opposite polarity magentic flux than with emerging small magnetic bipoles (ephemeral regions). Such encounters would be more likely to occur in areas of mixed polarity. The fractional area of the sun covered by mixed polarity fields varies anti-correlated with the solar cycle leading to a possible explanation for the 180 degrees out of phase solar cycle variation of X-ray bright points. To establish the validity of this suggestion, a detailed study of time-sequence magnetic field, He I wavelength 10830, Ha, C IV, and Si II observations of selected areas of the quiet sun was initiated about 2 years ago. The preliminary results of this study are reported.


IN Part I the motion of an aircraft, designated by the position‐tensor X, was considered relative to a fixed reference frame E. Now in our analysis of the motion of a wing, designated by the position‐tensor U, the relevant reference frame is X, though X is still free to move relative to E. The hinge on which the wing moves in the aircraft is denoted by the unit vector h, and for any specified hinge‐axis the components of h with respect to both U and X will have fixed values. The basic notation, following the principles adopted in Part I, Section (2), is therefore


It has been recognized so far that sound change was not used in order to avoid using a taboo character. Nevertheless, we find examples that suggest that there was indeed a habit of changing sounds to avoid using taboo characters in speech. Such sound changes can be seen not only in the case of state taboo, i.e., avoidance of the given names of emperors, but also in the case of secular taboo, e.g., sound changes of the vocabularies for genitals practiced in the Buddhist society. Interesting enough, these sound changes were not a case of temporary substitution but were used as one of the stable pronunciations of the characters.


An experimental and numerical study was performed on the low-velocity impact of a novel laminated structural concept. To understand the behavior of the laminated structure under impact loading, three variants of the StRATUS 2 concepts were initially tested. Compression after impact tests were completed. A numerical nonlinear FEM model was developed using MSC Nastran explicit coupled with LS-Dyna to predict the impact behavior of the new structure. The results showed an excellent correlation between the analytical models and the test results. Coupon tests will be used to optimize the structural concepts and validate the impact models. The overall objective of this effort is to study the effect of toughening ply materials on the impact resistance of novel laminated structures.


In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for cluster analysis, which is based on gravitational search and a heuristic search algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, called GSA-HS, the gravitational search algorithm is used to find a near optimal solution for clustering problem, and then at the next step a heuristic search algorithm is applied to improve the initial solution by searching around it. Four benchmark datasets are used to evaluate and to compare the performance of the presented algorithm with two other famous clustering algorithms, i.e. K-means and particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can find high quality clusters in all the tested datasets.


"………in the long run, the lack of commitment to multilateral trade that sank the Doha round this week, will also start to corrode the trading system as a whole……. America, the animating spirit behind earlier trade rounds, declared that a bad deal was worse than no deal at all – and meant it…. The underlying rationale of unilateral trade liberalization had been buried and forgotten long ago." (The Economist, 2006a) The Uruguay and Doha trade rounds of agreements, do not only accentuate the difficulties of multilateral trade agreements, but also highlight the growing importance of regional agreements. In a phase where new territory is being experienced – particularly with the need for the United States to address its current account deficit, will it be willing to compromise in any deals involving America's interest – in favor of diplomatic relations or will it stick to the widely held principle in Washington that "no deal at all is better than a bad deal"? Or will the United Kingdom's involvement in the present trade dispute involving Bombardier and Boeing bring about an unprecedented and unexpected turn in events?


This paper surveys the decision-theoretic foundations of health care production and derives policy implications. The priority at the beginning of the 21st century must be to accelerate the diffusion of new medical knowledge, a public good, so that the efficiency in the adoption of new technology is enhanced. Neither central planning, nor an extension of intellectual property rights can be expected to meet this challenge. Instead, medical practice needs to be organised as an open system - similar to the "Republic of Science" or the open source community in software development. The paper describes specific reforms in ambulatory, stationary and managed care that would help to enhance the innovative capacity and efficiency of health systems.


textabstractThis thesis comprises studies with monoclonal antibody-based plasma assays for
derivatives of fibrin and fibrinogen in patients with diseases and conditions
characterized by an activated state of coagulation and fibrinolysis


The dissertation focuses on the concept of social capital, i.e. "the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available through, and derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit" (Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998). My dissertation is composed by three articles which explore the concept of social capital, seeking to provide answer to what its contribute within the microfinance sector.


Procedures for the chemical analysis of chlorides and boron in water are presented. Chlorides can be titrated with mercuric nitrate to form mercuric chloride. At pH 2.3 to 2.8, diphenylcarbazone indicates the end point of this titration by formation of a purple complex with mercury ions. When a sample of water containing boron is acidified and evaporated in the presence of curcumin, a red colored product called rosocyanine is formed. This is dissolved and can be measured photometrically or visually. (DMC)


P(NR2)3-promoted transformations of isatins with electron-withdrawing alkenes have received consistently attention over the last decades. However, no example involving chemical transformations of nonactivated or weakly activated alkenes is discovered in...


High-speed counter current chromatography(HSCCC) technology and application in the separation and analysis of pharmaceuticals were_briefly introduced.This paper reviews recent development of HSCCC technolo- gy and applications of HSCCC in the separations and analysis of natural products,proteins,antibiotics,chiral com- pounds etc.HSCCC was applied for separation of many compounds and may be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis when coupled with HPLC,MS,NMR etc.HSCCC is a new technology which has wide application in the re- search and development of pharmaceuticals.


Many night shift workers experience poor health and safety concerns associated with circadian misalignment, which is driven by an inverted sleep-wake schedule. This work schedule leads to symptoms of excessive sleepiness and insomnia which have devastating consequences, including job dissatisfaction and social impairments. Past research has focused on circadian misalignment as the predominantly cause of shift work disorder; however, circadian misalignment is only one factor in the ecology of night shift work. A more inclusive model would consider other socioecological factors that may also influence the feasibility and effectives of interventions. This study utilized a patient-centered framework to probe the impacts of night shift work beyond symptoms of shift work disorder.

 Five focus groups comprising of 20 individuals with shift work disorder (ICSD-3 diagnostic criteria) were conducted. Participants were asked about their job satisfaction levels, employee support, and problems associated with shift work. Thematic analysis was done, and sample quotes were pulled to indicate levels of support and other barriers associated with shift work.

 Analysis revealed four main themes regarding non-sleep related impairments of night shift work: isolation, poor health, cognitive and mood disorders, and altered sense of self. Participants reported greater instances of loneliness, weight fluctuations, short tempers, alterations in self-image, and other unfavorable effects from working nights. A significant number of participants additionally indicated very little to no support or education from employers regarding their night shift work.

 The combined results of the focus groups highlight the unmet needs of night shift workers. These data indicate that night shift workers are an under-served and under-resourced sector of our workforce, and that circadian interventions for shift workers should measure impact on quality of life beyond sleep and sleepiness. Given their critical roles in sustaining 24-7 access to essential services, it is imperative that we develop evidence-based interventions for night shift workers.

 Support for this study was provided from the National Institute of Health (R41HL163783) and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation (245-SR-21) awarded to Dr. Philip Cheng.


Rationale The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether quantitative CT (QCT) measures of emphysema (EMP) and gas trapping (GT) are significantly different when evaluated on images reconstructed with differing "soft" convolution kernels, and to evaluate whether one kernel correlates better with physiology. Methods From the full COPDGene cohort of 10,279 individuals, 391 met all of the following criteria for this study. Smokers with varying degrees of COPD underwent volumetric CT at full inspiration and at the end of a normal expiration. The scans were performed on Siemens scanners and the raw data were reconstructed utilizing two different "soft" convolution kernels, B31f and B35f. On QCT analysis (Pulmonary Workstation, VIDA Diagnostics), EMP was defined as lung tissue with attenuation values ≤ -950 Hounsfield Units (HU) on inspiratory CT. GT was defined as lung tissue ≤ -856 HU on expiratory CT. Subjects also underwent spirometric evaluation to determine preand post-bronchodilator values for FEV , FVC and the ratio FEV /FVC. 1 1 Results Measurements of EMP and GT using the two kernels were highly correlated (R = 0.976, P<0.001 for EMP, R = 2 2


In female-dominated occupations and organizations (i.e., pink-collar settings), we investigated the gender differences among employees in hierarchical gender-similar dyads with respect to supervisor commitment, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Using an integrative theoretical framework, we examined whether gender similarity is moderated by employee gender and the employee's perception of the organization's discriminatory practices against women. In this survey-based field study, we found that in pink-collar settings, gender similarity resulted in less commitment towards the direct supervisor and the organization, and higher turnover intentions for male employees than female employees. Furthermore, when the organization has nondiscriminatory hiring and promotion practices that offer equal opportunity to women, we found that supervisor commitment and organizational commitment are lower and turnover intentions are higher for male employees in gender-similar dyads than female employees in g...


Objective :To observe the effects of yanggan kangxian decoction on Bcl-2,Bax and PCNA expressions in livers of hepatic fibrosis rats,explore the mechanism.Methods:30 rats were randomly divided into normal,model and yanggan kangxian decoction groups,models were made by intraperitoneal injecting 0.5%DMN(0.2ml/100g)for 4 weeks,yanggan kangxian decoction group was given decoction(10ml/kg),model and normal group were given the same volume water.Rats were killed after 42 days,taking serum and liver tissue,the Bcl-2,Bax and PCNA expressions were determined by S-P immunohistochemical method,meanwhile test the levels of AST,ALT,albumin,hyaluronidase and laminin.Results:The Bcl-2 expression of liver in yanggan kangxian decoction group was elevate obviously,there was significant difference between the decoction and model groups,there was no difference between the two groups on the expression of Bax,the PCNA expression of liver in model group was higher than that in normal group,the difference was significant,the PCNA expression of liver in the decoction group was higher than that of model group,the difference was obvious,too.Conclusion:Yanggan kangxian decoction can inhibit the rats' hepatic fibrosis induced by DMN by effecting the apoptosis and proliferation of hepatic cells.


Human beings are always very much interested in making comparison over other creatures to prove their superiority. Different types of measurements are important tool for comparative study, related to various characteristic features. Craniofacial measurement especially cephalic index is an important tool among those comparative studies, useful in determining different head and face shapes. Present study is going to be carried out with an objective to find out Cephalic Index of Medical Students of West Bengal. Total 325 young and healthy medical students were taken as subjects, whose head length, head breadth were measured. Cephalic indices of the subjects were calculated by Hrdlicka's method. Most of the subjects were found mesocephalic, 59% male & 51.7% female. Mean cephalic index in male 78.45% ± 2.44 and for female 77.65% ± 3.58. Mean cephalic index irrespective of gender was found 80.5% ± 3.67. This study showed the head type of students in West Bengal was mesocephalic predominant. This statistically significant data can be utilized by anthropologist or forensic expert.


Microneedling may provide a viable alternative to lasers in certain clinical situations. Dr. Mara Weinstein Velez discusses which indications have promising data behind them and where further research needs to focus.


Decarburization layer depth has great influence on the quality of metal forming process. For determining the depth value, the inspector progresses the measurement by manual nearly, which is subjective and inconsistency. This paper presents a digital analysis approach for measuring the decarburization depth automatically. Meanwhile, this analysis can be carried out by a portable device. For the digital analysis approach, the morphology image process is developed by comparing the variation of gray gradient of image from edge to core region. While the histogram of grayscale gradient falling down sharply, the distance from edge to the point was defined as the ferrite decarburization depth. Meanwhile, if the histogram keeps decreasing and stopping the decrease at one point, then the distance from edge to that point was defined as the totally decarburization depth. For the portable device, the analysis software is settled on a cloud-based calculating system. The analyst can capture the metallographic image shown in the monitor by smart glasses. Then, the analysis result is shown in smart glasses directly. All analysis and calculation process are progressed on a cloud-computing system. Finally, a digital metallographic analysis approach for estimating decarburization depth of carbon steel specimen by a portable device can be carried out.


Biodegradable poly(3-hydroxyundecenoate) (PHU) films on silicon wafers were crosslinked with UV light under patterned masks. The films were crosslinked most efficiently when irradiated in the presence of diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphane oxide) as the initiator. Crosslinked patterns were developed with depolymerase solution because crosslinked PHU was degraded much more slowly than natural PHU. Patterned images with thicknesses of as low as 2.5 μm were obtained showing the potential application of PHU in microlithography as a photosensitive material, which is friendly to the environment.


In order to assist in the screening and monitoring of possible infected by COVID-19, whose fever is one of the initial symptoms, a RFID tattoo tag for human monitoring was developed. The prototype of the tattoo tag presented proved to be effective in measuring human body temperature from 36° to 40° C, thus being a viable option for large-scale screening and analysis, and for being made with aluminum foil and school adhesive tape. That when using these materials, it presents itself as a disposable device, of low cost, durable, and operable in the RFID UHF frequency range.


bestowed the appellation acute promyelocytic leukaemia(APL) upon this morphologic-clinical syndrome of acutemyelogenous leukaemia (AML). This variant is called M3in the FAB classification, and is characterised by theinfiltration of bone marrow by promyelocytes. Thehaemorrhagic manifestations result, particularly, fromprocoagulant release by promyelocytes, and frequentlydetermine fatal evolutions for these patients.A translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17t(15;17)(q22;q11-21) is present in most, maybe all, cases


Determined by the development of new types of routing protocols, the process of designing of the new topologies had radically changed the last years. At the modern time this designing process should take into account all the existing services and also the ones that could be implemented in the future if we keep in mind the fact that at present we witness an amazing development of the traffic generated by the various applications. The study is focused on the comparative analysis of the routing protocols RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) using the soft Cisco Packet Tracer.


In labor theory of value Marx didn't systematically dissertate the inherent mechanism and related theory about the transfer of merchandise value from national value to international value.The author thinks that the international value of merchandise is decided by the average unit of labor in the world and only the part of merchandise that goes into the international market has the property of international value measurement.Following the keystone that price fluctuates around value,international price also fluctuates around international value.In the distribution of benefits from international trade,the merchandise that are involved in international trade can obtain double benefits of international value and international price.


"When we talk about issues related to adolescence, we often do so in a historical vacuum. … Most youth ministry books read like cultural handbooks for middle-class survival instead of books concerned with youth ministry."


Herein we report the synthesis of Cr imido complexes in bis(alkoxide) ligand environments and their nitrene transfer reactivity with isocyanides. The reaction of Cr2(OR)4 (OR = OCtBu2Ph) with bulky aryl or alkyl azide results in the formation of the trigonal-planar Cr(IV) mono(imido) complexes Cr(OR)2(NR1), whereas less bulky aryl azides form the Cr(VI) bis(imido) complexes Cr(OR)2(NR1)2. Cr(IV) mono(imido) complexes undergo facile reaction with 1 equiv of 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (CNR2) to form the corresponding carbodiimides R1NCNR2. In contrast, no reaction of Cr(OR)2(NR1)2 complexes with CNR2 is observed. The reaction of Cr(OR)2(NR1) with excess isocyanide leads to the isolation of the Cr(II) complex Cr(OR)2(CNR2)4, along with the observation of the anticipated carbodimide product. Cr(OR)2(CNR2)4, which can also be obtained by treating Cr2(OR)4 with 4 equiv of isocyanide, reacts with azides N3R1 (R1 = adamantyl, mesityl) to produce the respective carbodiimides. Catalytic formation of carbodiimide...


This article introduces a series of tutorials originally presented at the first annual World Association of Modeling Biologically Accurate Modeling Meeting (WAM-BAMM*05) held in the spring of 2005 in San Antonio, Texas (http://www.wam-bamm.org). This meeting was specifically designed to support and promote "realistic" biological modeling. This form of modeling, which is core to the GENESIS simulation project (http://www.genesis-sim.org/GENESIS/), is premised on the assumption that models should FIRST incorporate known anatomical and physiological features of biological systems, and THEN be used as tools to generate NEW ideas and experimental directions in exploring structure / function relationships. The meeting was attended by close to 100 participants. We were particularly pleased to have both the GENESIS and NEURON (Hines and Carnevale, 1997) modeling environments represented.


According to 30 years'observational data obtained by 5 meteorological stations in Jincheng City, this paper analyzes the features of the spatial-time distribution and interannual change of the evaporation capacity in this area.


This paper reviews the authors' experimental works on realizing a Peta-Hz tunable range ( from UV to IR ) highly coherent optical frequency sweep generator by using semiconductor lasers, nonlinear optical crystals, and the technique of optical phase locking. Experiments on generations of second harmonics, sum/difference-frequencies, proposal and experiments on a highly accurate optical frequency chain, and the performance of a wide-span optical frequency comb generator are described. Especially for the optical frequency comb generator, a 4 Tera-Hz frequency span of the modulation sidebands is realized.


he degree of approximation achievable by piecewise polynomial functions of given total order on certain regular grids in the plane is shown to be adversely affected by smoothness requirements-in stark contrast to the univariate situation. For a rectangular grid, and for the triangular grid derived from it by adding all northeast diagonals, the maximum degree of approximation (as the grid size I/n goes to zero) to a suitably smooth function is shown to be O(n -p-2) in case we insist that the approximating functions are in CP. This only holds as long as p < (r 3)/2 and p < (2r 4)/3, respectively, with r the total order of the polynomial pieces. In the contrary case, some smooth functions are not approximable at all. In the discussion of the second mesh, a new and promising kind of multivariate B-spline is introduced.


Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin (SV) on the proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4.Methods NB4 cells were incubated with SV at different concentration with or without all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA),and NB4 cells without any treatment were taken as normal control.Cells of different groups were collected at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after incubation for further detection.Morphological changes by Wright stain were performed.MTT method was used to assay the growth inhibition rate and flow cytometry was used to detect the surface CD11b expression levels,the early stage apoptosis ratio and cell necrosis ratio.Results Treated with 15 μ mol/L SV,10 μ mol/L SV and 5 μ mol/L SV respectively,with the NB4 cells growth,the cell inhibition rates gradually increased (F =7.15,P =0.000),as well as CD11b expression levels (F =3.41,P =0.014) and AnnexinVexpression levels (F =43.38,P =0.000).Furthermore the NB4 cells treated with 15 μ mol/L SV exhibited the most significant changes with cell inhibition rate of 0.96±0.02,CD11b expression level increased to (62.41±6.37) % and AnnexinV expression level increased to (87.38±2.94) % after 72 h incubation.Combination of 15 μmol/L SV with 0.5 μmol/L ATRA displayed obvious interaction for increasing CD11b expression levels (F =4.093,P =0.025),while no significant interaction for cell inhibition rates and Annexin V expression levels were observed.After 72 h incubation,the CD11b expression levels (89.46±9.13) % in NB4 cells treated with 15 μ mol/L SV in combination with 0.5 μ mol/L ATRA were significantly higher than those treated with ATRA (71.27±7.27) % and SV (62.41±6.37) % (t =2.71,P =0.054; t =4.37,P =0.017)' solely.Conclusion Simvastatin in vitro inhibits NB4 cell proliferation,promotes cell apoptosis,and synergistically induces cell differentiation with ATRA dose-dependently in vitro,which indicates that SV may have the effect of synergistic anti-promyelocytic potency with ATRA.

Key words:
Leukemia, experimental; Simvastatin; NB4 cell; All-trans retinoic acid; Cell proliferation; Cell differentiation; Apoptosis


As an important decay model of unstable superheavy nuclei, the cluster radioactivity half-lives of the ^306-339 126 isotopes is calculated by using universal decay law (UDL formula) and the scaling law of Horoi (Horoi formula), which can describe cluster radioactivity very well. The result of the two formulas' calculation is compared and analyzed. it shows that there is a long half-life at N=200 and 206. And ^318 126 is extremely unstable in cluster radioactivity.


This paper examines the development of Chinese private schools in the context of educational decentralization and marketization. China has a long history of private schools since the Confucian school. It played an important role along with government schools in traditional education which was a crucial passage of social success in China. Yet, all the private schools were either closed or nationalized after the socialist revolution. It was the early 1980s when private schools began to reemerge to meet the diverse educational needs in rapidly growing Chinese market economy. Marketization of education accelerated as the government decentralized the educational financing and regulations and allowed the school to diverse its revenue. In China, the first choice for most excellent students is public "key schools" which usually shows good performance in the university entrance exam. It is the elite private school that appears in Chinese education market to meet the needs of the student who came from wealthy family but had not get enough score to enter those key schools. Receiving expansive tuition, elite private schools try to provide students with quality education such as English immersion program or study abroad opportunities. In contrast, private schools for migrant workers' children emerged to meet the educational needs of poor migrant workers who have to bring their children to urban areas. Migrant workers choose this school for their kids not only because of its cheap tuition but also of lack of discrimination against their kids in ordinary public schools. Private colleges are also growing in China. In many cases, newly established private colleges called "independent colleges" borrow the name and resource from a public university, which receives a part of the college's profit in return. This study also suggests that the dichotomy between the socialist state and capitalist market is impossible in Chinese education. As shown in the cases of key schools which marketize their fame and build their own private schools, the border between private school and public school are blurred. The state run public schools no longer aims to educate socialist citizens. Public schools also have become an active agent in educational market in China. In all, this research shows that the boundary between the state and market are increasingly blurred in education.


The dynamics equations of a centrosymmetry 3-SPR parallel mechanism were built based on Lagrange equations and the explicit solution of the actuation force was obtained. To use the equations for control, the simplified presentation of the equations were researched. The actuation force changing of the platform was simulated based on the explicit solution. The situation that the chain mass can be ignored was studied by comparing whether the platform was uploaded. Finally, the relationship between actuation force and the platform structure parameters was analysized, the results can be used for optimization design of the drilling mechanism.


Background: Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability and increased risk of various malignancies, especially osteosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma. We report the first RTS patient who developed a central nervous system (CNS)-related neoplasm. Case description: A 28-year-old male, previously diagnosed with RTS , developed a massive parasagital lesion, detected by magnetic resonance imaging. The tumor was surgically removed and histologically diagnosed as atypical meningioma. Preoperative symptoms were dramatically improved. Conclusions: This is the first description of a CNS-related malignancy in RTS patients. Although rare, the genomic instability and additional risk factors of this syndrome should be considered in choosing the course of treatment.


A lot of companies nowadays still work with programs written in outdated programming languages, such as Visual C++ 6.0. Because of the fact that the outdated version is not supported anymore and often does not provide access to more recent technologies, companies usually divert to Visual C++ 2010 and Visual C#. This thesis first treats the process of upgrading from Visual C++ 6.0 to Visual C# and then the conversion from Visual C++ 2010 to Visual C#.Using the experience gained from the manual upgrade of five test projects, a generic automated method has been sought for the upgrade from Visual C++ 6.0 to Visual C++ 2010 through the different intermediate versions.For the conversion from Visual C++ 2010 to Visual C#, two strategies have been proved successful through the construction of a proof of concept: The first strategy is to build unmanaged Visual C++ projects as managed, the second strategy is based on using already present Component Object Model (COM) interfaces. A tool has also been developed which extracts the Graphical User Interface (GUI) from Visual C++ projects and converts it to Visual C# Windows Forms.Finally, it has been examined how the development of a Visual C++ to Visual C# translator would contribute to the conversion process. This involved the use of the parser generator ANother Tool for Language Recognition (ANTLR).


. In view of the contradictions existing in university offices,this paper comprehensively applies the theory of higher education management and psychology of school management, and proposes the matrix structure as a paradigm choice for the work of university offices from the perspective of organizational structure.Meanwhile this paper provides materialist dialectics,the qualitative operation of time,contingency theory and performance appraisal as the tools for building a matrix-structured university office.


A kind of layered MapXtreme-based model of B/S architecture is designed,which is based on J2EE platform and combined with the newly component technology and component-based software engineering architecture.What's more,the application system of Wuhan WebGIS is implemented according to the model.


The correlation and path analyses were done between maize sheath blight and yield traits.The results showed that the disease scale was negatively correlated with plant height,grains numbers per row,ear length,ear thickness,leaf area and yield per plant,and was positively correlated with bald length.The linear regression equation about yield per plant and all traits was Y=-290.891+0.183X_1-2.345X_2+1.789X_3+5.745X_4-(3.846)X_5+44.631X_6+1.994X_7+0.009X_8,and X_1,X_2,X_3,X_4,X_5,X_6,X_7,X_8 were plant height,disease scale,grains per row,ear length,bald length,ear thickness,rows per ear and leaf area,respectively.The path analysis showed that the yield of maize were mainly affected by maize sheath blight through decreasing ear height,ear thickness,grains per row and increasing bald length.


Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between subjective symptoms of orofacial pain and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), as well as psychological distress in population-based middle-aged women. Material and methods: The two study samples comprised 1059 women, 38 and 50 years old, in representative cross-sectional studies. Women with long-lasting, frequent pain or headaches, related to temporomandibular disorders (TMD), with moderate-to-high estimates were analysed in relation to the non-case group. OHRQoL was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-5). Psychological distress was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Sense of Coherence (SOC-13). Results: Women with orofacial pain (n = 82, 7.7%) had a significantly higher mean score on the OHIP-5, HADS-A and HADS-D and a lower mean score for SOC-13. In a multivariable logistic regression, orofacial pain was statistically significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL (OR = 1.2) and signs of depression (HADS-D) (OR = 2.0). A higher score for SOC-13 protected from the experience of orofacial pain (OR = 0.95). Conclusion: Orofacial pain was associated with poorer OHRQoL and signs of psychological distress. In interpreting the value of SOC, women with orofacial pain also appear to have a poorer adaptive capacity.


This paper investigates the low-velocity filtration combustion of lean methane-air mixtures occurring in inert packed beds by using a modified one-temperature model. An order-of-magnitude estimate is provided for the scaling analysis, and analytical coupled solutions are proposed for the theoretical analysis. Some characteristic parameters, such as the combustion wave velocity, the flame speed and the peak flame temperature, are predicted. Analytical results have been compared with the related experiments and other existed theories.


Recent studies show that traditional fairytales are rife with harmful gender biases. To help mitigate these gender biases in fairytales, this work aims to assess learned biases of language models by evaluating their robustness against gender perturbations. Specifically, we focus on Question Answering (QA) tasks in fairytales. Using counterfactual data augmentation to the FairytaleQA dataset, we evaluate model robustness against swapped gender character information, and then mitigate learned biases by introducing counterfactual gender stereotypes during training time. We additionally introduce a novel approach that utilizes the massive vocabulary of language models to support text genres beyond fairytales. Our experimental results suggest that models are sensitive to gender perturbations, with significant performance drops compared to the original testing set. However, when first fine-tuned on a counterfactual training dataset, models are less sensitive to the later introduced anti-gender stereotyped text.


Objectives: To report and prevent a serious complication of tension–free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure. Case Report: One day after a TVT procedure, an emergency CT scan showed adhesion of intestinal loops with a pneumoperitoneum. The patient had previously had intra– and retroperitoneal surgery with a sacral cervicopexy and a Burch colposuspension. Conclusion: In such a case of previous surgery, a CT scan may be useful before a TVT procedure.


Heat transfer at an impingement wall in a semi-confined impinging jet configuration depends mainly on the flow structure (vortices) in the region between confinement wall and impingement plate. Impingement wall motion introduces vorticity which changes the flow field between the confinement and the impingement wall, hence the heat transfer process at impingement wall. Numerical study using control volume technique is adapted using Gambit 2.2.3 software for mesh generation and Fluent 6.2 as a CFD solver at Reynolds number 500. The spacing between the confined and impingement wall (H/B) is 2, 3 and 4 nozzle width. The impingement wall velocity starts from 5% up to 20% with respect to the jet velocity. The motion of the wall is expressed in a nondimensional flow parameter R. The parameter presents the wall relative velocity between the jet and the wall. The effect of the flow parameter and H/B ratio on the average and local Nusselt number as well as the flow field are presented. For R<1, as R decreases the location of vortex at impingement surface moves outward downstream and it stretched on larger area. This will lead to the heat transfer process enhancement at the impingement hot wall up to 20% compared to stationary wall case. For R>1, as R increases, the retardation flow is enhanced at the impingement wall, hence the average Nusselt Number decreases. The results are correlated. The enhancement heat transfer is correlated with R and H/B for R<1. The correlation formula is , =


SUMMARY Some fast food restaurants have introduced a trade embargo on beef sold through livestock markets on the grounds that welfare standards associated with live auction markets are worse than standards associated with direct sale to abattoirs. The current study examined the handling difficulties and welfare standards at 24 UK cattle and calf markets, and comparisons were made according to class of animal (mainly store or finished) and according to throughput of the market, <100 livestock units (LSU) per week, 100–300 LSU per week and >300 LSU per week. Handling problems examined included refusal to move, balking, slips, falls, impacts, inappropriate handling such as excessive use of a stick, hazardous jumping and confusion while loading onto vehicles. The most common difficulties were impacts, slips and falls during grading and when putting cattle up to the sale ring. Slipping was also common in finished cattle while they were in the ring, and they were prone to impacts when returning to a holding pen. Refusing to load onto vehicles after the sale was common in both finished and store cattle. Calves were prone to going down on their knees when moving onto the tailboards of vehicles. Of the markets, 0·47 had potential bruising or impact points in the grading facilities and 0·67 of the markets did not have a way of ensuring that legs did not get trapped between gates and gateposts if cattle attempted to jump out of a holding pen. In most other respects the prevalence of weaknesses in the facilities and problems during handling was low.


Objective To investigate the correlation between serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,neuron-specific enolase (NSE)and the degree of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods Forty-six HIE patients in acute and convalescent stage and 30 full-term newborn infant were enrolled in this study.The level of serum of TNF-α and NSE were detected.The relationship between TNF-α,NSE level and severity of HIE was analyzed.Results The level of serum TNF-α and NSE in acute stage of HIE group were (156.3 ± 28.8) ng/L and (21.5 ± 3.6) μg/L,in convalescent stage of HIE group were (80.7 ± 26.1) ng/L and (10.6 ± 1.7) μ g/L,and in control group were (76.3 ± 24.4) ng/L and (9.4 ± 1.6) μ g/L.The level of serum TNF-α and NSE in acute stage of HIE group were significantly higher than those in convalescent stage of HIE group and control group (P < 0.05).The level of serum TNF-α and NSE in convalescent stage of HIE group had no significant difference compared with those in control group (P > 0.05).The level of serum TNF-α and NSE in mild HIE group were (88.5 ± 25.6) ng/L and (9.7 ± 2.4) μ g/L,in moderate HIE group were (150.1 ± 16.5) ng/L and (17.8 ± 3.6) μ g/L,and in severe HIE group were (197.3 ± 30.2) ng/L and (23.6 ±4.3) μg/L.The level of TNF-αand NSE were increased with the aggravation of HIE and there had significant difference among different degree of HIE(P < 0.05).The level of serum TNF-α and NSE in mild HIE group and control group had no significant difference (P > 0.05),and there had significant difference between moderate HIE group,severe HIE group and control group (P < 0.05).Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the level of TNF-α and NSE had positive correlation with the degree of HIE (r =0.54,0.57,P < 0.01 or < 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of TNF-α had positive correlation with the level of NSE (r =0.46,P < 0.05).Conclusions The variation of TNF-α and NSE level in HIE newborn infant is parallel to the severity of the disease,which can sensitively reflect the severity of HIE.Therefore,TNF-α and NSE may be used as vital indexes for the evaluation of the severity of HIE.

Key words:
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Neuron-specific enolase; Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; Newborn infant


Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty recognizing subtle expressions of feelings, identifying and understanding various other states of emotion expressed by others, and knowing what to do in a set of conditions that exist at a particular time in a particular place.
 The purpose of this study was to examine the effects that a music-movement programme can have on a 6-year-old girl with ASD ‐ specifically her ability to recognize and understand the feelings of others, communicate clearly about her personal emotional states and build stronger relationships.
 Results showed that the programme appeared to enhance empathic development for the young girl with ASD and reduced the frequency of difficulty in determining emotional reactions in others, describing emotional states, and difficulty thinking and feeling about a situation. These initial results
 support the use of the programme to reduce maladaptive behaviours of children with ASD and increase their awareness of and sensitivity towards others.


Cameron and Storvick discovered a change of scale for- mula for Wiener integral of functionals in a Banach algebra S on classical Wiener space. We express the analytic Feynman integral of cylinder function as a limit of Wiener integrals. Moreover we obtain the same change of scale formula as Cameron and Storvick's result for Wiener integral of cylinder function. Our result cover a restricted version of the change of scale formula by Kim.


The root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors can present a number of variations, including multiple canals. Two case reports are presented to illustrate the serendipitous discovery and successful non-surgical endodontic management of complex canal systems in mandibular incisors. In both cases, all four mandibular incisors had two canals each.


The last decade has witnessed the rebirth of resultant methods as a powerful computational tool for variable elimination and polynomial system solving. In particular, the advent of sparse elimination theory and toric varieties has provided ways to exploit the structure of polynomials encountered in a number of scientific and engineering applications. On the other hand, the Bezoutian reveals itself as an important tool in many areas connected to elimination theory and has its own merits, leading to new developments in effective algebraic geometry. This survey unifies the existing work on resultants, with emphasis on constructing matrices that generalize the classic matrices named after Sylvester, Bezout and Macaulay. The properties of the different matrix formulations are presented, including some complexity issues, with emphasis on variable elimination theory. We compare toric resultant matrices to Macaulay?s matrix and further conjecture the generalization of Macaulay?s exact rational expression for the resultant polynomial to the toric case. A new theorem proves that the maximal minor of a Bezout matrix is a non-trivial multiple of the resultant. We discuss applications to constructing monomial bases of quotient rings and multiplication maps, as well as to system solving by linear algebra operations. Lastly, degeneracy issues, a major preoccupation in practice, are examined. Throughout the presentation, examples are used for illustration and open questions are stated in order to point the way to further research.


Purpose. While comparing the Criminal Code of Ukraine with the criminal legislation of Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia), the goal is to find the best options for further development of the criminal legislation of Ukraine on liability for offenses against morality, taking into consideration current aspirations to radically update the relevant legal framework. Methodology. The comparative method is the key one for the purposes of the research. Critical comparison of the criminal law provisions of the Baltic States and Ukraine on the grounds of liability for offenses against morality has been made with reference to this method. The research also used such methods of academic cognition as: historical-legal, system-structural analysis, formal-logical, modeling. Results. Based on the study of the advantages and disadvantages of the legal framework of the grounds of liability for criminal offenses (crimes and misdemeanors) against morality in accordance with the Criminal Codes of the Baltic States recommendations for optimizing and improving the effectiveness of such rules has been developed, while taking into consideration criminal law reform processes in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The study has revealed a number of positive and progressive legislative decisions, reflected in the Criminal Codes of the Baltic States on liability for offenses against morality. It makes possible to carry out their potential adoption in the process of further rule-making activities in Ukraine. Practical significance. The conclusions and suggestions formulated in the article can be used in law-making activities to improve criminal law of Ukraine in terms of combating encroachments upon morality, as well as in research and educational process as a basis for further comparative research on liability for offenses against morality in Ukraine and other countries.


Objective:To investigate the asymmetry and structural integrity of white matter fiber tracts in vivo in patients with schizophrenia by diffusion tensor imaging.Methods:Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 31 schizophrenic patients and 30 healthy controls which with compared genders and ages.Fractional anisotropy was obtained from regions of interest in 22 different regions of white matter.Corpus callosum,inferior longitudinal fasciculus,cingulum and uncinate fasciculus were reconstructed through method of diffusion tensor tractography in 8 schizophrenia and 6 healthy controls.Drawn lines of each white matter fibers were calculated for statistical analysis.Results:Statistical analysis of fractional anisotropy values revealed that the patients with schizophrenia showed a lack of normal left-greater-than-right asymmetry in the white matter of temporal region seen in the comparison subjects.And relative to controls,the patients exhibited much lower fractional anisotropy value in white matters of several different brain regions which included bilateral frontal lobes,temporal lobes,occipital lobes,anterior cingulum,intermedia cingulum,and body of corpus callosum.But no significant differences between patients and controls in genu and splenium of corpus callosum,bilateral parietal lobes,semi-oval center,posterior limb of internal capsule and posterior cingulum were found.Statistical analysis of drawn lines of each reconstructed white matter tracts also showed the patients lacked a normal left-greater-than-right asymmetry.And the patients with schizophrenia had much lesser drawn lines of each fiber than controls.Conclusion:These findings indicate widespread alteration in brain white matter asymmetry and integrity of schizophrenia.And diffusion tensor imaging is a valuable tool in investigating the structure of in vivo white matter in schizophrenia.


The purpose of the present study was to determine protectivie effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on cochlear neurons and hair cells in vitro and in vivo. In experiment I, cultured spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) prepared from P3 mice were exposed to 20mM glutamate for 2 hours before the culture medium was replaced with fresh medium containing 0, 25, 50, and 100 ng/ml bFGF, respectively. Fourteen days later, all cultures were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and stained with 1% toluidine blue. The number of surviving SGNs were counted and the length of SGNs neurites were measured. Exposure to 20 mM glutamate for 24 hours resulted in an inhibition on neurite outgrowth of SGNs and elevated cell death. Treatment of the cultures with bFGF led to promotion of neurite outgrowth and elevated number of surviving SGNs. Effects of bFGF were dose dependent with the highest potency at 100 ng/ml. In experiment II, in vivo studies were carried out with guinea pigs in which bFGF or artificial perilymph was perfused into the cochlea to assess possible protective effects of bFGF on cochlear hair cells and compound action potentials (CAP) . The CAPs were measured before, immediatly and 48 hours after exposure to noise. Significant differences in CAP were observed (p0. 05) among the bFGF perfused group, control group (t = 3. 896 ) and artificial perilymph perfused group (t = 2. 520) at 48 hours after noise exposure, Cochleae were removed and hair cell Loss was analyzed in surface preparations pre- pared from all experimental animals. Acoustic trauma caused loss of 651 and 687 inner hair cells in the control and artificial perilymph perfused group, respectively. In sharp contrast, only 31 inner hair cells were lost in the bFGF perfused ears. Similarly, more outer hair cells died in the control and perilymph per-fuesed group (41830 and 41968, respectively) than in the group treated with bFGF ( 34258 ) . Our results demonstrate that bFGF protected SGNs against glut-mate neurotoxicity in vitro. In addition, treatment with bFGF also protected hair cells from acoustic trauma.


An overview of the most recent results on jet quenching physics obtained using PbPb collision data collected with the ATLAS and the CMS experiments at p sNN =2.76 TeV will be presented. These measurements make use of many different observables, including momentum imbalance of dijet and photon-jet events, nuclear modification fac- tors RAA and RCP, as well as jet fragmentation functions, jet shapes, and the flavor depen- dence of jet quenching. The measurements in PbPb collisions will be compared to those obtained from pp collisions at the same center-of-mass energy. The effects of the parton energy loss in the hot and dense medium probed with the different observables will be discussed.


A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is an autostereoscopic method for displaying images without the need for special glasses. To achieve realistic 3D displays using a CGH, hidden surface removal is a key technique for displaying multiple 3D objects. However, an established method for object-light calculation considering hidden surface removal is currently not available. We describe a new algorithm considering hidden surface removal using a Z-buffer that has information for ray arrival direction. The method can display multiple-view-point 3D images and compute object light faster than the conventional method. The results of optical experiments using holograms generated by the method show us 3D images with hidden surface removal. キー ワー ド:計 算機合成 ホログラム,隠 面消去,Zバ ッファ法,3次 元画像


This study monitors Guilin Panlong cave slope and depression of different depth soil CO2 concentration season from 2010 to 2011 years.Monitoring of slope soil CO2concentration space change as: 80 cm 50 cm 30 cm;depressions: 80 cm 100 cm 50 cm 30 cm.Monitoring of soil CO2 concentration reached a maximum value in July,2010 and June,2011.And soil CO2 content value reaches a minimum value in winter of 2010 and 2011.Soil CO2 concentration in 2011 is less than 2010.Because of atmospheric precipitation in 2011 is less than 2010.This result shows soil CO2 concentration also affected by atmospheric precipitation.


The essential oil of Schisandra Chinensis(Turc z.) Baill was extracted and analyzed. The essential oil was obtained in a 1.8%(mL/100 g material) yield. Forty eight compounds were isolated and characterized from the oil. The results show that the content(20.42%) of β-pinene of naturally essential oil is the highest among the components of the oil, which has laid a foundation for the futher development and application of the stems of Schisandra Chinensis(Turc z.) Baill.


Developing high-performance cathode materials matchable with zinc anodes is critical for the practical application of aqueous Zn metal batteries. Although cathodes based on the iodine conversion chemistry is appealing owning...


In China,the land use right refers to the right owned by the non-landowner who builds on the national land and obtains the ownership of the buildings.The land use right has existed for more than ten years,which has increased the use rate of national land and promoted the development of the state economy.However,the system has been congenitally deficient since the beginning of formation and been resulted in such problems as the title,the contents and the protection of the land use right,which all need careful criticism and solution.


The experimental method of micro-/nanotensile testing for extracting the mechanical properties of small volumes of materials ( e.g. free-standing thin films) has gained more and more interest, since it provides an effective way to evaluate the actual material properties without any pre-assumptions, and consequently its results can be used as a reference for verifying other material testing methods such as nanoindentation testing, laser acoustic method, etc. As one of the key components within a nano-tensile testing system, here a MEMS-based nano-force actuator is presented, which is developed on the basis of an electrostatic lateral comb-drive, having an output force resolution up to 3 nN with a maximum output force up to the mN range. A fixed gripper is integrated into the nano-force actuator, with which a free-standing thin film specimen with matched holder can be easily coupled and tested. Design and numerical simulation of the nano-force actuator with the help of finite element analysis (FEA) are detailed. A calibration system is developed, which employs a single-frequency laser interferometer as an SI-traceable standard for the determination of the actual displacement-to-square-voltage ratio (d/V2) of a prototype of the actuator. Calibration results reveal that the actual performance of the prototype coincides quite well with the designed specifications. With atomic force microscope (AFM) the error sources within the prototype are further investigated.


This study aims to test the causality of internal service quality, internal customer
satisfaction, internal customer behavior intention in the context of the internal customers of
public service agencies in East Java by using SEM as a statistical test. This study was
conducted in East Java with a sample size of 150 respondents. The sample is derived from the
internal customers of the 3 best educational services provider in East Java of the 10 best
universities in Indonesia in 2013.
Based on the results of research and discussion that has been done can be concluded as
follows: The first hypothesis in this study stated that the Internal Service Quality Affects the
Internal Customer Satisfaction in educational services in East Java, is accepted. The second
hypothesis in this study stated that the Internal Customer Satisfaction Affects the Internal
Customer Behavior Intention in educational services in East Java, is accepted. The third
hypothesis in this study stated that the Internal Service Quality Affects the interest of Internal
Customer Behavior through Internal Customer Satisfaction in educational services in East Java,
is accepted.
Suggestions put forward in this study are: expected that further research will discuss
about the internal marketing can consider variables - other variables outside of reviews these
variables have been studied in order to more comprehensively obtain results. Organization of
education service providers always concerned about the quality of internal services. Because
based on the results of this study of internal service quality is a factor that has a significant
positive effect on the interest of the internal customer behavior through internal customer
satisfaction


Development of advanced alkaline water electrolysis cells operating at 120-150/sup 0/C, electrocatalysis of the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, and development of solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis cell are discussed. (LK)


The Multi-Spectral Camera (MSC) is the payload of KOMPSAT-2 which is designed for earth imaging in visible and near-infrared spectral region on a sun-synchronous orbit. The telescope in the MSC is a Ritchey-Chretien type with large aperture. The telescope structure should be well stabilized and the optical alignment should be kept steady so that best images can be achieved. However, the MSC is exposed to adverse thermal environment on the orbit which can give impacts on optical performance. In order to meet those stability requirements in addition to fundamental structural ones telescope structure was designed with newly developed graphite-cyanate composite which has high tensile modulus, high thermal conductivity and low moisture absorption compared with conventional graphite-epoxy composite. In this paper, space-borne telescope structure with new composite material will be presented and fulfillment of stability requirements will be verified with designed structure.


The process of matching photographs is time con-suming and tedious. If a computer programme ex-isted, similar to a police fingerprint database, pho-tos would be an efficient means of identifyingholothurians. However, this study does provephoto-identification can be used as a means of re-identifying holothurians for growth measurements.


Data on elastic constants and associated properties at high temperature (100-1000K) for MgO, MgSe and MgS crystals are presented and discussed starting from primary physical parameters viz. nearest neighbour distance and hardness parameter assuming long- and short- range potentials. When the values of the higher order elastic constants are known for a crystal, many of the anharmonic properties of the crystal can be treated within the limit of the continuum approximation in a quantitative manner. If the values of second order elastic constants and density at a particular temperature are known for any substance, one may obtain ultrasonic velocities for longitudinal and shear waves which give an important information about its internal structure, inherent and anharmonic properties. Though compendiums of elastic constant data for numerous compounds exist, they are restricted to temperatures at or near room temperature. Current problems in material science often require values of elastic constants at elevated temperatures. The compounds of magnesium have attracted a lot of interest due to their complex physical and chemical characteristics. In past years, the physical properties of these substances have been studied. However, none of the work reported in the literature so far is centered on the study of temperature variation of anharmonic properties. Therefore, in this study, higher order elastic constants and related properties are computed upto 1000K for MgO, MgS and MgSe. The first order pressure derivatives of second and third order elastic constants, the second order pressure derivatives of second order elastic constants and partial contractions are also evaluated at different temperatures. The results thus obtained are compared with other available data and found in well agreement with present values.


This paper presents an algorithm for the diagnosis of dental diseases based on fuzzy reasoning. Two relationships between symptoms and diseases are obtained from clinical data by using factor analysis: one is the relation between the symptoms observed and the diseases, and the other is that between the symptoms unobserved and the diseases. These relationships are fuzzily represented by linguistic truth values after the modification by dental experts. The degree of the symptoms observed in a clinic is also represented in terms of linguistic truth values. The diagnostic results are expressed lingui-stically according to the degree of inference. If the number of the observed symptoms is not enough to infer, the instructions to in-spect more symptoms are given. Further, if the observation of a symptom is doubtful from a fuzzy logical point of view, the algorithm gives a warning to a doctor and/or suggests him to reinspect such and such a symptom. The diagnosis is carried out by a computer for actual data. The rate of accuracy is about 85%.


The invention provides a preparation method for a self-aligned metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) channel with angular injection. According to the preparation method, a first conductive type doped region and a second conductive type doped region are respectively achieved by the same mask injection, the width difference between the first conductive type doped region and the second conductive type doped region is controlled by controlling a mask injection angle and an angle between ion injection and a vertical direction of a first conductive type layer, the channel length is further controlled, the device machining process is simplified, the processing frequencies of mask injection are reduced, moreover, an SiC surface of the channel is kept in a protection state of a medium all the time during the injection process, the surface damage is prevented, and the subsequent oxidation quality is improved.


We consider taking both microscopic excess and macroscopic classical induced losses and damping, occurring within bulk and laminated soft magnetic materials, into account. We won't detail actual eddy currents distributions but use homogenizing techniques and variational principles to derive a dedicated formulation with respect to the magnetic vector potential. At last some two-dimensional results are discussed


The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of group guidance as an effort to improve the science learning achievement of respiratory material in the class VIII B of Junior High School 1 Sawit, Boyolali at the second semester of 2017/2018 academic year. The research method used is Classroom Action Research. The independent variable is the implementation of group guidance. Science learning achievement is the dependent variable. The population is class VIII B of Junior High School 1 Sawit, Boyolali at the second semester 2017/2018 academic year. How to take samples with the value of student test and direct supervision of the learning process, from counseling guidance teachers and homeroom teachers. Research result. Based on the results of learning research after application with the group guidance method can improve from the initial conditions to the second cycle. There was an increase in the average value of 71.09 to 79.38, increasing by 8.29. The number of students completed from 11 to 28, from the value of 60 to 70, increasing by 10 points. The highest score of 90 to 95, increased by 5 points.


The Asian region is drawing a great deal of attention from all over the world regarding its possible future role as the core of worldwide peaceful nuclear energy development. Northeast Asia, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan already have a significant amount of nuclear power generation. Furthermore, these countries together with China have expansion plans. Southeast Asia is just beginning to plan and construct civilian nuclear power stations. Among these Asian countries, Japan can be regarded as one of the most developed nations as far as peaceful nuclear energy is concerned. Within Japan several nuclear fuel cycle facilities, including reprocessing and uranium enrichment facilities, are in operation. Research and developmental activities on fast breeder reactors are continuing. On this occasion the author explains three topics in general. The first is the history and the present situation of Japanese nuclear energy development and nuclear materials management. The second topic is Japan`s efforts to strengthen international nonproliferation efforts, which include: various assistances in the dismantling of the former Soviet Union`s nuclear forces; Japan`s participation in the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO), which is responsible for the supply of two light water reactors to the Democratic people`s Republic of Korea (DPRK); Japan`s initiative andmore » contributions to the establishment of guidelines for use and storage of separated plutonium; technical and financial support to the IAEA safeguards implementation; and the strengthening of the Japanese system of accounting for and control of nuclear materials (SSAC) in connection with the Agency`s activity, Program 93+2. The last topic addresses is concerned with nuclear energy in the Asian region. The concept of ASIATOM, or PACIFIC ATOM is now being widely discussed in several countries in Asia. The author discusses this idea, especially regarding the objectives, possible contents and the structures.« less


Polyaniline doped with hydrochloric acid (HCl) was prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline (ANI) in aqueous medium with ammonium peroxy disulphate as an oxidant. The deprotonation of the PANI: HCl samples were performed by stirring the PANI: HCl powder (emeraldine salt) in 0.1 M aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide for 24 hours at room temperature, thus obtaining the polymer in the emeraldine base form. The redoping of the PANI (emeraldine base) with para- toluene sulphonic acid was performed by mixing emeraldine base (EB) with para- toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) to obtain the required doping levels (Y = 0.5, Y =0.3, Y =0.1), known as the molar ratio of TSA to phenyl-nitrogen repeat units (S/N).The prepared samples were characterized by Fourier transform- infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet- Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction technique.The prepared samples were pressed into pellets, and DC electrical conductivity was measured, using four-probe method. The FT-IR peaks obtained in the samples are in good agreement with the reported peaks in literature. UV-VIS spectroscopy shows the various electron transitions present in the polyaniline samples. The crystallinity of the samples was studied in detail by X-ray diffraction technique.The conductivity shows an increase with increase in temperature, for all the three samples.


In this short review, we report the facile fabrication of various interesting multi-component nanostructures including arrays of core-shell nanowires, multiwall nanotubes, segmented nanowires and multilayer stacked nanodisks, using anodized alumina membrane (AAM). We demonstrate that metallic (Cu, Ni and Au) and polymeric (PPV and PPy) one-dimensional (1D) arrays can be readily prepared by electrochemical deposition into the AAM. By optimizing the experimental design and conditions, we developed techniques to produce various multi-component nanostructures such as polymer/metal or metal/metal core-shell nanowires as well as nanotubes, with reasonably good control over both the length and the shell thickness of the nanostructures. Furthermore, we extend this method to make segmented nanowires as well as multilayer stacked nanodisks. Selective functionalization of the segmented nanowires resulted in end-on or side-on adhesion of nanowires during assembly. We illustrate the possibility of utilizing these 1D arrays to present patterns with luminescent and/or magnetic properties at this length scale.


Revisiting a previously unpublished analysis of the
 Clamor (2016) and
 Tekist (2017) art shows presented at the Fine Arts Institute and the Museum of Modern Art in Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan, Cockrell-Abdullah considers the spaces in which artists are siting their work so that they may speak to specific public audiences and their social and cultural concerns, and how this work creates sheltered civic space in Kurdish society that allows for open discussion of social problems.


In this paper, the robust output feedback H ∞ control problem for discrete time general nonlinear systems with L2-bounded structured uncertainties is considered. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of the considered problem are represented in terms of two Hamilton-Jacobi inequalities with n independent variables. Based on these conditions, a state space characterization of a robust output feedback H ∞ controller solving the considered problem is provided. 1 To whom all correspondence should be addressed.


Indonesia is a country with the third largest motorcycle rider in the world after China and India. One of the biggest cities in Indonesia is Bandung is a city that often experience traffic congestion, especially during peak hours and weekends because of population growth, urbanization and transmigration has increased and not comparable with the growth and development of adequate infrastructure so that frequent traffic jams. In this study, the authors developed a traffic monitoring system to calculate the number of vehicles using the Frame Difference method. To implement the method contained in this paper in calculating the number of vehicles passing on a highway by using two different points of view. The assumption in this research is using static background assumption. Based on the result of the research, it is found that the performance of video from Toll Pasteur with the viewing angle has 8.21% error and Purbaleunyi Toll with vertical angle has 4.43% error by using some filter and morphological operation. Conversely, if without using filters and morphological operations have an error of 175.22% in Pasteur Toll and 115.44% at Purbaleunyi Toll.


Five catalysts were compared with respect to their safety and catalytic effectiveness for promoting imidazolide couplings. Reaction rate enhancement, shock sensitivity, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data were considered in this analysis. 6-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzotriazole, which has been described in the literature as a safe catalyst, was found to be shock sensitive. 2-Hydroxy-5-nitropyridine is a new catalyst for this type of reaction and was found to be safe, effective, readily available, and similar in price to that of the 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, a common catalyst for promoting acylation reactions.


About one of ten ter mi nally ill pa tients said they se ri ously con sid ered us ing phy si cian-as sisted sui cide (PAS) or eu tha na sia to end their own lives, and just a frac tion of these at tempted to act on their thoughts, ac cord ing to a study pub lished in last year (Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Emanuel LL. De pres sive Symp toms and Need for Care Are Linked with Pa tients' Con sid er ation of Phy si cian-As sisted Sui cide or Eu tha na sia. JAMA 2000;284:2460-8). The find ings point out that de spite the highly charged pub lic de bate sur round ing PAS and eu tha na sia, the ma jor ity of dy ing pa tients would not con sider this op tion for them selves. The study also showed sig nif i cant in sta bil ity in pa tients' at ti tudes: about half of those who had ini tially con sid ered eu tha na sia or PAS had changed their mind in a fol low-up in ter view. The re search is the first ma jor as sess ment of ter mi nally ill pa tients' at ti tudes about as sisted sui cide and eu tha na sia. The study in di cates that in ter est in eu tha na sia and PAS among dy ing pa tients is more of ten re lated to psy cho log i cal dis tress than phys i cal symp toms. The fac tors most strongly as so ci ated with se ri ous con sid er ation of PAS and eu tha na sia were de pres sion, feel ings of be ing un ap pre ci ated, and sub stan tial needs for help with ba sic ac tiv i ties such as


We present a design study and experimental results of first and second-order filters as switch elements for integrated switch matrices. A double racetrack-based filter using Bezier bends is investigated, showing a spectral response within specifications and a free spectral range higher than 2.4THz.


Coordinating SoTL and assessment efforts strengthens the processes of inquiry, evidence, and innovation that lead to the continual improvement of student learning. Examples are provided for how to work collaboratively with colleagues to use these processes to continually inform the teaching practices within classrooms, academic programs, and institutions.


2018, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 138–142 138 Introduction Over 50 years ago together with I.I. Eremin we started to research non-stationary optimization processes and nonintrinsic problems of mathematical programming that we had introduced [1]. Recently our research has been considered by philosophers. T.H. Kerimov writes in his book entitled "Unsolvabilities" ("Nerazreshimosty") [2]: "Unsolvable structures constituting diverse discourses are being analyzed". As far back as 1970's and 1980's together with V.M. Kislyak we used to study models of mining and smelting industry typical for the Urals within the scope of research of the Mathematical Programming Department of the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics [3–5]. We discussed the topic at the department conference and criticized A.N. Ramm's rough model of charge mixture preparation where charge mixture properties were produced by simple additive mixing of charge mixture components properties [6–8]. Therefore the article by H. Attouch, Homogenization – Sem. Bourbaki – 1988 drew my attention [9]. There H. Attouch relates about a more precise composite material modeling as before on the basis of mathematical physics methods. I got interested because I was researching mixture problems including mixed strategies in the games theory, in committee theory and also because the topic Краткие сообщения


In this part,we have studied classification of chemical bond of binary compounds by means of fuzzy-math.A Fuzzy-sets model has been set up,in which the effect two parameters(a and b)was considered the function of judgement in the model is pretty valuable to classify of chemical bond binary compounds.


The current article deals with finite element (FE)- and genetic algorithm (GA)-based vibration energy harvesting from a tapered piezolaminated cantilever beam. Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is used for modeling the various cross sections of the beam. The governing equation of motion is derived by using the Hamilton's principle. Two noded beam elements with two degrees of freedom at each node have been considered in order to solve the governing equation. The effect of structural damping has also been incorporated in the FE model. An electric interface is assumed to be connected to measure the voltage and output power in piezoelectric patch due to charge accumulation caused by vibration. The effects of taper (both in the width and height directions) on output power for three cases of shape variation (such as linear, parabolic and cubic) along with frequency and voltage are analyzed. A real-coded genetic algorithm-based constrained (such as ultimate stress and breakdown voltage) optimization technique has been formulated to determine the best possible design variables for optimal harvesting power. A comparative study is also carried out for output power by varying the cross section of the beam, and genetic algorithm-based optimization scheme shows the better results than that of available conventional trial and error methods.


This study was carried out in a semideciduous forest in Southeastern Brazil. Five ecological attributes were used to define the functional groups: dominant stratum of the species, light demand of the plant, seed dispersal, likely pollinator, and deciduousness. The groups were formed through a species matrix and its attributes, and they were delimited according to the Jaccard similarity coefficient and a dendrogram generated by the group average (UPGMA). The analysis used was satisfactory, indicating the formation of four coherent groups with distinct functions both with regard to the community and the ecosystem. The results indicate a tree community in a late successional stage, with relations between flora and fauna species.


As far as daily insolation on slope is concerned,a critical slope angle may exist where the daily insolation on slope is equal to that on the horizontal surface for the given latitude,slope angle and period. Critical slope angle exists not only on the slope toward equator but on the slope entirely shaded from the sun. Generally,there is only one critical slope gradient in the low and middle latitude slope.From the horizontal surface to the critical slope gradient,the daily insolation on slope is much more than that on the horizontal surface. Specially,when the latitude is 0- 45°at equinoxes,the critical slope gradient of the slope toward equator is equal to two times of its latitude which the slope belongs to,while two or even three of critical slope angles within the polar circles are possible.


Gene amplification is a common feature of tumors. Overexpression of some amplified genes plays a role in tumor progression. Gene amplification can occur either extrachromosomally as double‐minute chromosomes (dmin) or intrachromosomally in the form of homogeneously staining regions (hsrs). Approximately one‐half of our oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are characterized by amplification of band 11q13, usually as an hsr located entopically (occurring or situated at the normal chromosomal site, as opposed to ectopically). Using chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we confirmed the amplification of the cyclin D1 (CCNDx1/PRAD1) and fibroblast growth factor types 3 and 4 (FGF3/INT2 and FGF4/HSTF1) genes within the 11q13 amplicon in our series of primary OSCCs and derived cell lines. The human RIN1 gene was isolated as an RAS interaction/interference protein in a genetic selection in yeast and has been described as a putative effector of both the RAS and ABL oncogenes. We mapped RIN1 to 11q13.2. FISH analysis of 10 11q13‐amplified OSCC cell lines revealed high‐level RIN1 amplification in two cell lines. Three additional cell lines have what appear to be duplications and/or low‐level amplification of RIN1, visible in both interphase and metaphase cells. The hybridization pattern of RIN1 on the metaphase chromosomes is particularly revealing; RIN1 signals flank the 11q13 hsr, possibly as a result of an inverted duplication. The gene amplification model of Coquelle et al. ( 1997 ) predicted that gene amplification occurs by breakage‐fusion‐bridge (BFB) cycles involving fragile sites. Our data suggest that the pattern of gene amplification at 11q13 in OSCC cell lines is consistent with a BFB model. RIN1 appears to be a valuable probe for investigating the process of gene amplification in general and, specifically, 11q13 amplification in oral cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 28:153–163, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Most secondary school teachers and administrators seem to agree that the individualization of instruction is an end greatly to be desired that is never to be reached-at least not in their schools. And I am convinced that, especially for those young people either unable or unwilling to deal with print materials independently (and this is the majority), individualized instruction is impossible in present-day junior and senior high schools without dramatic, unpopular changes. The process of schooling itself works to prevent it, as it does any other strategy that would facilitate actual learning. Any observant person who had no prior knowledge about what schools were supposed to do would not have to observe what actually goes on in schools very long before concluding that schooling is intended primarily to sort people, to ensure that the "haves" continue to have, and to keep young people busy and out of adults' way. This last important function was emphasized by James S. Coleman in a recent interview with Harold G. Shane in NEA's Today's Education.' As Coleman sees it, one of the principal reasons the problems of youth persist today despite forty years of attempted reform is that ". .. society has less need today for young people than it ever had before." Adults, he adds, ". . . have mutually agreed to relegate young people to schools. By doing this, adults assume they are free to turn their attention to other things." Given these predominating purposes for schools, it would seem that individualized instruction, which is an attempt to equalize the opportunities people have to learn and to help them take advantage of those opportunities, will be resisted. Schools seem, in fact, to have been consciously designed to prevent human exchanges and any learning that might derive from them.


Culex (Lophoceratomyia) chiungchungensis sp. n. ADULTS--Small species, brownish black in colour. Wing length about 2.5 mm inmale and 3 mm in female. FEMALE--Head: vertex covered with dark narrow upright scales, with numerouswhitish flat scales in front and at each side towards eye-margins. The bristles on headare all dark. Antenna, palpi and proboscis are dark. Palpi about 1/8 length of pro-boscis. Thorax: mesonotum dark brown, covered with narrow dark brown scales; scutellumcovered with same scales. Pleurae greenish in colour, without scales, one lower mesepi-meral bristle. Wing-scales dark and very scanty, except towards tip of wing. Legs dark,undersides of femora are paler, tarsi without any white mark. Abdomen: brownish-black on both dorsal and ventral sides. MALE--General size as in female. Antennae plumose; torus with a projection oninner side; segment 6 (torus counted as first segment) with five scales of varying lengths,segments 7--9 with twisted and matted tufts and segment 19 with a tuft of hairs. Palpislender, longer than proboscis by about the length of apical segment; the last two seg-ments a little curved and with some dark outstanding hairs; a row of small, dark spine-like bristles on outer side of each palp near base (about six in number on each palp).Proboscis with a row of stiff bristles beneath at base. Hypopygium: coxite with 3 rod-like processes on subapical lobe, one with hookedtip; also a leaflet expanded near tip and two bristles. Dorsal border of coxite with arow of six long and one short hairs. Style curved, with minute hairs forming a crestnear tip. Lateral plate of phallosome smooth, without teeth or tubercles. LARVA--Mainly pale in colour. Head large, broader than long. Preclypeal spinesstout and nearly straight. Frontal hairs A, B, and C very long, reaching far beyondfront of head, with subplumose branches, the number of which is 5--7, 2, and 2 respec-tively; hair d and e bifid, small and short. Antennae slightly curved; with many spinesexcept on the slender terminal portion; tuft very large, with 10--20 plumose branches,placed at about 3/5 of length from base; preapical bristles two in number, placed a short distance from the tip, both simple and very long; 3 processes and 1 bristle at tip, thelatter also simple and long but shorter than the preapical pair. Mentum with a mode-rately large median tooth and 7 smaller teeth on each side. Thorax with the lateral tuftslarge and plumose; prothoracic hairs plumose and very long, extending forwards beyondfront of head. Abdomen with long lateral hairs on segments Ⅰ and Ⅱ, those on followingsegments smaller. Segment Ⅷ with many minute spines arranged in rows. Comb,a patch of about 40 scales, with fringed apex. Pentad hairs one simple and four plu-mose, with 2, 4, 4, and 6 branches respectively. Siphon long and narrow, about 7 timeslength of diameter at base, slightly broader at basal 1/4, then almost parallel-sided to tip;siphonal tufts 5 pairs, small, length about the diameter of siphon, each with 2--3 branches.Pecten of about 10 slender teeth which are fringed along one side with fine denticles,the 2 teeth furthest from base of siphon more widely spaced than those nearer the base.Anal segment completely enclosed in chitinous ring, upon which there are rows of minutespines as those on segment Ⅷ; posterior border fringed with still larger spines; innersubmedian caudal hair 4 branches, one very long, three short; outer submedian caudalhair single and long. Papillae about the same length of anal segment. Type locality--Chiungchung siang, Hainan Island, Kwangtung province. Breeding place--rock-pools by sides of hill stream in forest.


e17591Background: Sipuleucel-T (sip-T) is a cellular immunotherapy that activates a patient's own immune system to target prostate cancer cells. Flu vaccine contains inactivated virus that stimulat...


Plasma etching characteristic of LiNbO3 has been investigated. Etch rate increased in propotion to the atomic weight of inert gas in CF4+inert gas(He, Ne, Ar) plasma. Etch rate increased by removing a mixing layer, such as LiF, by an ion bombardment effect in CF4+Ar plasma. As etch rate was extremely low in Ar+H2, it was understood that F radical is contributing to etching of LiNbO3. Etching profile of the surface of crystal by CF4+Ar+H2 plasma was remarkably smooth similar to the non-etched surface. An anisotropic etching that had a high aspect ratio could be materialized in CF4+Ar plasma. Futhermore,waveguide pattern that had a comparatively high aspect ratio and etching profile of the surface was smooth could be realized in CF4+Ar+H2 plasma.


Based on the Method of Loci, the following experiment compares the effect of two different virtual environments on participants' memory performance. The primary task consists of remembering a sequence of random playing cards. Each virtual environment is based on a different architectural style with a different layout. One is inspired by a Palladian style architecture, and the other by a Modern curved architecture.


In this paper, we derive the expressions of Codazzi tensors associated with Yano connections in seven Lorentzian Lie groups. Furthermore, we complete the classification of three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups in which Ricci tensors associated with Yano connections are Codazzi tensors. The main results are listed in a table, and indicate that G1 and G7 do not have Codazzi tensors associated with Yano connections, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 have Codazzi tensors associated with Yano connections.


This report documents the dose calculations for the postulated K Basin overflow accident using current methods to model the environmental doses for radioactive releases into the Columbia River and the air.


Egg ansd embryos o f many aquatic organisms i develon the wate prcolumn and can experience ultraviolet radiation with potentially deleterious effects.This is especially vexing for floating embryo s that develop in the surface or neustonlayer. Radiation damag caen be a particular proble fomr these embryos sinc theecell division cycle durin thge cleavage period is quite short an d often these cyclesdo not hav e mitotic checkpoint to insurse faithful transmissio of DNA to thendaughter cells. This could resul in celt l division with unrepaired DN in thAe blas-tomeres, which could impact embryogenesi and the transmissios n of the genom ethrough the germ line. Described strategie to restrics t radiation damage includemechanisms to limit oxidative damag aned the use of sunscreens such as the my-cosporines to curb radiatio tno sensitive targets. We describ ae particularly inge-nious use of sunscreens in the tunicate embryo th,e use of extra-embryonic cells toshield the embryo from potentially harmfu anl UV-d UV-BA radiation W. e alsoraise questions regardin thge nature of UV damag teo embryos (is it DNA or alsoprotein) and the characteristics of DNA repai irn such embryos It. is likely thatunique mechanism ars e present in floating embryos that develop in this air-waterinterface to assure that cel anl d genomic integrity are maintaine idn this challeng-ing environment.


Objective To find the effective strategies and methods of controlling students' obesity Methods Separately select one primary school as intervention group and another one as control group for each district in dongcheng, haidian and shunyi district, Beijing Series of intervention activities were applied for 3~4 grade students in intervention group Results In intervention group the obesity rate is 14 19%, 15 93% respectively before and after implementation of intervention activity, overweight rate is 14 73% and 16 33% respectively The proportion of those who correctly answered the questions on obesity control knowledge, attitude, behavior respectively increased from 13 66%,83 40%,61 18% in baseline research to 33 73%,86 61%,74 30% after intervention Conclusion School based intervention activities worked effectively on students' knowledge, attitude and behavior change relating to obesity control, however with insignificant effect on obesity control


This Afterword to the Current Sociology Monograph on 'Migrant Temporalities: Rethinking Migrant Trajectories and Transnational Lifestyles in the Asian Context' reflects on how this issue adds fundamental insights to our understanding not only of migration, but also of time itself. Through these articles we gain a new appreciation of time in a multiplicity of forms: time as duration, time as discipline, time as politics, time as rhythm, time as flexible, time as suspension, time as liminal.


Table 1. Mean seed moisture content of 'Florida Staysweet' and 'Crisp N' Sweet 710' as measured by three moisture determination methods.' Seed moisture content, an estimate of kernel maturity, is commonly used by the sweet corn industry to determine optimal harvest date. Depending on environmental conditions, moisture in sweet corn seed can drop rapidly. Therefore, a rapid determination of moisture content was necessary to study the effects of seed maturity at harvest on germination and vigor of shrunken-2 sweet corn. A moisture analyzer (model AVC-80; CEM Corp., Indian Trial, N.C.) consisting of a microwave drying oven, electronic balance, and a microprocessor was used. The microprocessor computes moisture content based on percent weight loss of the sample after it has been dried by microwave radiation. We compared the efficacy of such a moisture analyzer (MA) across a range of 40% to 70% moisture (fresh-weight basis) in shrunken-2 sweet corn seed to two standard methods used by the seed industry, the air-oven (AO) and Brown Duvel distillation (BD). The moisture range was selected based on the industry's harvesting guidelines for shrunken-2 sweet corn seed, which maximizes field performance (50% to 55% moisture on fresh weight basis). Seed of two shrunken-2 commercial hybrids, 'Florida Staysweet' and 'Crisp N' Sweet 710', was produced by controlled hand pollinations of field-grown parental inbreds in southern Minnesota. Four harvests from each cultivar, each within a single pollination date, were made as seed moisture reached ≈70%, 60%, 50%, and 40%. Moisture was determined using seeds cut to cob level from the


Arithmetic architectures for modulo 2n+1 and 2n-1 adders and Subtractor are introduced in this paper. The first one is built around a sparse carry computation unit that computes only some of the carries of the modulo 2n + 1 and 2n-1 addition. Second is Apart from addition a 2s compliment methodology has been introduced fro subtraction concept. The results are focusing on area and timing delay. These results is also being comparing in diminished-1 and weighted one for the individually adder and Subtractor and, while maintaining a high operation speed.


The need for higher frequency operation in motor drives and Energy Management Systems, along with the conflicting demands for high average current in, for instance, circuit breakers, is forcing the development of application-specific devices. The Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) lends itself well to these adaptations through carrier lifetime engineering on the one hand and the flexible functionality of its standard gate unit on the other. The latest developments of the 91 mm 4.5 kV IGCT have led to three device variants capable of optimally satisfying the needs of such disparate applications as Static Breakers, Traction Drives and high frequency Medium Voltage Drives, all of them using the same standard gate unit. Introduction The Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) operates on the principle that thyristors are ideal conduction devices whereas transistors are ideal turn-off devices [1]. The IGCT therefore converts a thyristor structure to a transistor structure prior to turn-off by fast commutation of the cathode current. This results in a device which dynamically and statically blocks like a transistor (open-base pnp transistor producing the same turn-off losses) but conducts like a thyristor i.e. with about half the on-state voltage compared to an IGBT, due to the greater plasma density produced by its two emitters (pnp & npn transistors). Fig. 1 illustrates the principle of operation and Fig. 2 shows a typical turn-off waveform. Demands are now being made for applicationspecific devices which are served by tailoring the same wafer to Power Distribution, Energy Management [2], Traction and Industrial Drive requirements [4].This has been done by lifetime control techniques and an advanced gate-unit design that meets all the requirements of the aforementioned applications. The IGCT is the first power semiconductor to be supplied integrated into its gate-unit with the supplier taking the responsibility for the complete switch function. This is made possible by virtue of the fact that the device is only a switch: it makes no attempt to modulate transition speeds neither on nor off. As a result, the gate-unit is neither type nor voltage specific which allows a high degree of material and process standardisation in its production. In this paper device characteristics and functionality are described with emphasis on turn-off losses over a wide voltage and current range and frequency/current limitations of both gate drive and semiconductor of different application-specific types.


The synthesis and characterisation of 4-(3′,4′,5′-trialkoxybenzoyloxy)pyridines (1a–e), and of their corresponding palladium(II), (2a–e), and platinum(II), (3a–e), complexes are described. The pyridine-based ligands are not mesomorphic, but upon complexation to PdCl2 or PtCl2, new hexacatenar mesogens are formed which show exclusively the hexagonal columnar mesophase. The mesomorphic behaviour of the complexes was characterised by polarised optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The metal seems to influence the crystal phase and mesophase stability as well as the mesomorphic temperature range.


Background: Functional food science has gained momentum recently in response to the changing health status of developed countries. As healthcare costs and average life expectancy rise, the public has sought ways to become healthier and develop higher qualities of life. The concept of "functional food" developed as a convenient and inexpensive solution to chronic health problems, and is becoming influential in numerous branches of science and policy. Since its conception in 1984, "functional food" changed its meaning per country and culture. The term migrated from Japan to the EU and the United States where it generated profit but bred confusion among experts and non-experts. In this chapter, we review how "functional food" has been defined and redefined over the past 30 years, as well as the benefits of our current definition. The goal of this new definition is to strengthen communication between nutrition scientists, the public, and other groups as well as legitimize functional food science around the world. Keywords : Functional foods definition; bioactive compounds; biomarkers


To obtain the best results from comprehensive care and home infusion treatment of hemophilia education of patients and family members is very important. In our comprehensive hemophilia center where more than 250 hemophiliacs are treated, such an educational program is being carried out. We are using a modification of the program of the National Hemophilia Foundation of the United States and of the World Federation of Hemophilia. Our module consists of 133 items with explanations in nine parts, i.e. basic information, family guidance, factor replacement therapy, home infusion therapy, side effects, genetic education, as well as orthopedic, dental and psycho-sociological care. A doctor or a nurse acting as coordinator arranges a pre-test followed by specific instructions. A follow-up test is carried out to confirm that the test is correctly understood. At present 85 of 125 patients receiving home infusion therapy as well as 123 family members, have finished their educational program. The test results were very good: 60 to 80 percent of the answers in each part of the pre-test were correct and, in the post test an 85 to 95 percent score was recorded. Overprotection by or confusion of the mother tended generally to lower the results of the family. This educational program seems to be an excellent way, not only to help the hemophiliac and his family to cope with his disease, but also to inform the recently diagnosed patient about his disease.


The system realizes the direct current of numerical control exports based on AT89C51.Designed through software and peripheral circuit,electric current range outputted to make control in 5 mA making 2 000 mA,carry on electric current is it change to walk into through numerical control button,and output and show electric current value through the liquid crystal.What literary grace this spend is it realize purpose,numerical control of precision to come D/A changer MAX531 and A/D changer TLC2543 of 12 bit.


In this paper, we review some of the key issues for designing, fabricating and assessing electromagnetic properties of left-handed propagation media, aimed at operating in the infrared region. We show how lefhandedness can be experimentally demonstrated and we address the important issue of loss. In the far infrared region, we consider in details the various stages in the study of a left handed transmission line with a direct evidence of backward propagation in the time domain. We also compared the respective advantages and drawbacks of dielectric based microstructures namely Photonics crystals and of metal nanotructures starting from shrunk split ring resonators.