From the perspective of higher private colleges, research on the employment and innovation ability of students has become the focus and difficulty under the new situation. Higher private colleges want to be invincible in the competition of "springing up", so they must form their own professional characteristics, combine theory and practice, and form an effective connection between practical teaching and employment. On the basis of the integration of "industry, academics and research", a teaching innovation mode of "teaching, research, and practice" is constructed to coordinate the development and employment competitiveness of graduates. Employment-oriented art design major strengthens the college-enterprise cooperation, breaks the bottleneck of innovation and art design talent training mode, and meets the needs of colleges and society to achieve a "win-win" situation. 1. The proposal of the question To a certain extent, higher private colleges are an important part of China's higher education, and the main product of the trend of popularization. In general, they are the continuation of the Alma Mater talent training mode rarely with their own characteristics due to the uniqueness of higher private colleges. In addition, compared with other colleges, higher private colleges have relatively low basic scores of students and weak faculty. With the improvement of market changes, the demand for market design talents has also risen to an important level. It is needed to strengthen the practicality on the solid theoretical basis. Many higher private colleges lack training environment and ignore the practicality. The disconnection of social practice teaching has affected the development of private art design[1]. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of market in essence, higher private colleges need to take employment as the goal, organically combine theory with practice, expand the proportion of practical teaching, reduce the time for students to adapt to employment, and lay a good foundation for students' sustainable development in the future. 2. The practical teaching status of art design major in higher private colleges Taking XX province as an example, the characteristic of art design major in higher private colleges is not obvious. The art design major studied by students is out of line with the development of society. With the trend of national policy, the tertiary industry has become a hot specialty. It can be found from relevant data survey that in 2018, 444 were higher private colleges among 2,246 colleges in China. More than 80% colleges have art design majors [2]. In the face of strong competitiveness, higher private colleges need to recognize their own shortcomings, improve equipment, and add practical teaching. In addition, there are the following prominent contradictions. First, there is a disconnection between the theoretical and practical teaching of art design in higher private colleges. That is to say, the practice design still is an armchair strategist. The lack of a certain incentive system can not mobilize the enthusiasm of students. Second, the teaching system of the practice of art design in higher private colleges has not been strengthened. The emphasis on "theory" over "practice" has affected the cultivation of students' practical ability[3]. Especially in the context of new media, the extension of diversified contents is more necessary to stand and keep pace with the times. Third, when the art design major of higher private colleges is in practice teaching, it can not well meet the vocational needs, and lack in-depth college-enterprise cooperation. Many higher private colleges have a short time to run, and many basic experimental measures Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 412 International Conference on Modern Educational Technology and Innovation and Entrepreneurship (ICMETIE 2020) Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 81 cannot be implemented well. If teaching only stays at the theoretical level, then practical teaching will become superficial. Fourth, for students majoring in art in higher private colleges, there is a lack of double-qualified teachers. Many teachers' professional achievements pass the exam without the practical experience of enterprises. For a long time, they still cannot integrate the knowledge structure of students' practice and stimulate students' innovative thinking. Fifth, the practical teaching of art design and the integration of regional culture in XX region are not enough. For XX, the cultural "craftsman spirit" is more advocated. Many colleges are closed to the outside world, unable to meet the needs of the market and combine the development of cultural industry in XX region with the needs of modern art design, so as to improve their professional ability to serve the people. Sixth, the art design major of higher private colleges ignores the shaping of comprehensive professional quality. From the current situation, higher private colleges in XX region have achieved certain achievements in the process of transformation, but the expansion of enrollment once hindered the development of professional characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the ability of career combination, establish a design studio and a public welfare factory on campus, set up an art research and development center, and finally realize the teaching mode of industry-university-research integration[4]. From the current situation, higher private colleges guide students to participate in artistic creation or practice through practical teaching, further extend students' creative development and improve practical results. Besides, on the basis of the integration of production, teaching and research, overall planning is needed to complete practical training, practice, operation, experiment and others. It is necessary to strengthen the integration of simulation projects, design competition and other aspects to form the docking of practical teaching and professional education mode. 3. Measures to Reform the Practice Teaching Mode of Art Design Major in Higher Private Colleges 3.1 Taking employment as the guidance to strengthen the classroom practice teaching It can be found that the needs of the post need to strengthen practical teaching under the guidance of scientific theory. First of all, it is necessary to increase the cross-integration of cultural industry resources in art design teaching, meet the needs of cultural industry and promote the development and inheritance of cultural industry through in-depth excavation. For example, the art design major in higher private colleges can be combined with folk art to improve practicality. Local features such as shadow play, new year pictures and paper cutting are integrated into practical science, which not only broadens students' design vision, but also broadens their knowledge. Furthermore, under the guidance of local characteristics, it's necessary to start from the study of art theory and extend to the perspective of art practice. After that, the perspective of art works can be developed. According to the demand of the market, the process of developing towards art commodities can form its own characteristic teaching mode if it goes on for a long time[5]. Secondly, it is necessary for higher private colleges to integrate the real projects of social posts into practical teaching and strictly control the quality to extend the implementation of diversified teaching methods. Private colleges are required to increase the proportion of practical courses, which can turn the results of students' graduation projects into artistic commodities and complete the teaching evaluation in the college-enterprise cooperation. The path needs to be extended, and the teaching path of art design "trinity" can be established from classroom and in and out college, respectively, complete the docking of courses and employment. 3.2 Strengthening the practice training studio and improving the quality of practical teaching The art design major in higher private colleges needs to formulate teaching plans of different modules according to the actual demand and the characteristics. In order to adapt to the modernization, art design each major has set up different practice training studios as well as different module courses. The research direction of each studio is different, but it belongs to several Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 412


Container loading problem with multi-constraints is a complicated combinatorial optimization problem.It's a NP-hard problem.A trifurcate tree of space is designed according to the trait of this problem and available space is divided by the strategy of trifurcate tree.Binary ant colony algorithm combining heuristics is proposed to solve the container loading problem.First,using binary ant colony algorithm determines the set of preparatory loading goods.Then,using heuristics deter-mines the priority of the goods and an effective bin-packing algorithm is given.Results of the experiment show the feasibili-ty and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


This study concerns the relationship of anesthesia and related factors to surgical morbidity and mortality in 178 males over the age of 70 who underwent 204 operations. Of the 110 complications during anesthesia, arterial hypotension was the most common. Postoperatively there were 139 complications, and 16 deaths. The influences of age, pre‐anesthetic risk, type and duration of surgery, type of anesthesia, and the occurrence of hypotension during surgery are discussed in relation to the postoperative course.


In the course of this interesting essay, Kauf makes two points that cost-effectiveness analysts should well remember. First, there is a genuine and underappreciated distinction between what is usually referred to as the &dquo;government-as-payer&dquo; perspective in conducting a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and the larger role of government in health resource allocation. Second, analysts should make clear not only the perspective being assumed, but also the rationale behind the choice.


There is currently intense debate on the future role of electronic journals in all subject disciplines. The debate carried primarily by traditional publishers has focused on subject independent issues such as the 'look and feel' of the electronic product, copyright protection and charging mechanisms. Whilst such issues are certainly important, other issues which are felt to be important by specific user community have not received similar publicity. Arguing specifically from the particular perspective of science and chemistry in particular, we contend in this article that electronic journals should also be perceived as a new form of scientific instrument, in allowing the delivery to the user of manipulable 3D molecular images, instrumental data, symbolic algorithms capable of evaluation locally, and other semantically intact molecular data for re‐use locally by the reader. Two specific implementations of this concept, the ECTOC electronic conference, and the CLIC electronic journal project, arc discussed.


The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of counter- discourse in strengthening, consolidating and reconstructing the meaning of a sign or deconstructing the discourse signs of another related discourse. Through explaining the linguistic and semiotic mechanism of the text from counter- discourse viewpoint, this study seeks to examine the ways by which different discourses interact and compete with each other. Furthermore, it attempts to explain the way meaning is produced, transformed, or confirmed by discovering the nodal points of the discourse. Counter-discourse creates a situation in which each discourse interacts with or challenges another discourse and gains confirmation through its support. In the present study, the functions of counter- discourse in shaping signification and the process of meaning-formation have been revisited. The main question of the research is how and by what means the Counter- discourse in Sheikh Sanan story (in Attar's Mantiq al-Tair) are representing the interactions and competitions between different discourses. For this purpose, the present study, via adopting a descriptive-analytical approach and qualitative discourse analysis method, explains the elements and components that act as counter- discourse in the story and aid the main idea of the story to be supported and expanded. The findings show that this story uses various kinds of counter- discourse such as referential simulation, narration, metaphor, intricacy, delegation, questioning, action suspension, evidentially, actor revival, supernatural wonders or miraculous acts, and anti and transcendence discourses; through which it has supported and affirmed the main discourse of the story.


Two expressions are derived for use in estimating the error in the numerical integration of analytic functions in terms of the maximum absolute value of the function in an appropriate region of regularity. These expressions are then specialized to the case of Gaussian integration rules, and the resulting error estimates are compared with those obtained by the use of tables of error coefficients.


The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the outcomes of pharmaceutical care in schizophrenic patients. Ninety-three patients from three psychiatric hospitals were randomly assigned to receive pharmaceutical care (intervention group) and ninety-five patients received usual care (control group) matched by the severity of disease. Drug related problems (DRPs), patient knowledge and quality of life (QOL) were assessed in both groups. Costs of care were measured in both groups. The number of DRPs decreased significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.001). The mean knowledge score increased greater in the intervention group (p<0.001). The mean QOL score showed a trend towards improvement in the intervention group (both p<0.001). Cost-effectiveness ratios (CER) of pharmaceutical care and usual care for achieving good medication adherence was 16.54 and 16.06 USD/successful patient, respectively and CER for improved QOL was 17.30 and 14.98 USD/successful patient, respectively.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combination of traditional educational methodology with problem-based learning pedagogy in urology.Method The traditional educational pedagogy of urological tuberculosis was modified by combining with PBL methodology.Result More students were interested and active in this pedagogy.Conclusion The combination of traditional educational methodology with PBL is a helpful pedagogy.


Although strikingly different opinions on use of the N-word have provoked much debate, the conclusions reached in Johnson and Weatherly — that intraracial use of the N-word can create a racially hostile work environment — are correct because they comport with the longstanding legal recognition of intraracial, same-sex, and third-party associative employment discrimination. The shameful historical legacy of the N-word underscores the extent to which a reasonable person of any race would likely object to its use at the workplace, even if the speaker is black. Furthermore, social science research indicates that black individuals' implicit antiblack biases may lead to ill-intended use of the N-word against other blacks. Finally, applying the same objective standard to intraracial and interracial use of the Nword, regardless of the speaker's intent, promotes fairness, consistency, and judicial efficiency.


University of Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM) is elected again to be the host of big event Muhammadiyah. After several months ago UMM became the Committee of National Deliberation Tarjih of Central Board of Muhammadiyah, in this time UMM will be the host of Pengajian Ramadhan (recitation and cover the content of Qur'anin Ramadhan month) Regional Office of Muhammadiyah in East Java. The event will be held at UMM Dome on 28 and August 29 and attended by 950 Branch Office of Muhammadiyah.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), functioning in the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), is crucial for DNA replication and cell cycle progression. In most plants, the large subunits of RNR have more than one homologous gene. However, it is still unknown what the different functions of these homologous genes in the plant development are. In this study, we obtained the mutants of two large subunits of RNR in tomato and researched their functions.

METHODS
The mutant ylc1 was obtained by ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) treatment. Through map-based cloning, complementation, and knocking-out experiments, it was confirmed that YLC1 encodes a large subunit of RNR (SlRNRL1). The expression level of the genes related to cell cycle progression, chloroplast biogenesis, and photosynthesis was assessed by RNA-seq. In addition, we knocked out SlRNRL2 (a SlRNRL1 homolog) using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the tomato genome, and we tried to down-regulate SlRNRL2 expression in the genetic background of slrnrl1-1 using a tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system.

KEY RESULTS
The mutant slrnrl1 exhibited dwarf stature, chlorotic young leaves, and smaller fruits. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses indicate that SlRNRL1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, chloroplast biogenesis, and photosynthesis in tomato. The slrnrl2 did not exhibit any visible phenotype. SlRNRL2 has a redundant function with SlRNRL1, and the double mutant slrnrl1slrnrl2 is lethal.

CONCLUSIONS
SlRNRL1 is essential for cell cycle progression, chloroplast biogenesis, and photosynthesis. In addition, SlRNRL1 and SlRNRL2 possess redundant functions and at least one of these RNRLs is required for the tomato's survival, growth, and development.


Background Among the challenges facing sports medicine professionals is how to best ensure equal competition among adolescents experiencing peak physical growth. Traditionally, youth sport leaders have relied on simple chronological age to organise competition. Outcomes of this approach have included frequent mismatches resulting in injuries and unequal competition. In an attempt to control for performance variability associated with adolescent growth and maturation, Mirwald and colleagues (2002) applied gender specific multiple regression equations to predict age from peak height velocity (PHV). Specifically, maturity offset was used as the dependent variable while independent variables included chronological age, height, sitting height, leg length, and weight. Investigators also calculated interactions to determine associations of anthropometric variables with age. Aim The purpose of this project was to incorporate the Mirwald, et al . equations into an efficient, free mobile application ('App') for use by physicians, athletic trainers, and school nurses. Method First, maturation-offset equations were applied to estimate variability associated with aerobic capacity and obesity of 809 adolescent boys and girls. Results Among the key findings, maturation partially explained the negative impact of body mass index (BMI); that is, BMI was lower for early maturing youth compared to their same age but late maturing peers (t (806)= 4.646, p < 0.001). Conclusions Maturation – as an independent variable – should be included in studies that address motor performance by adolescents during rapid growth acceleration. Furthermore, the free mobile 'App' proposed here provides a quick, effective means of determining a child's distance in years from PHV.


ABSTRACT The advent of technologies that drastically reduce the need of human labour calls into question the foundations of the two prevalent theories of value. While this effect is quite apparent for the objectivist theory that equates value to a quantity of labour, these consequences may be true also for the subjectivist, market-based theory. Consequently, in this paper, a different theory of value is proposed, based on social needs, i.e. the human needs as represented in the economic environment of production and exchange of goods and services. This theory is based on Hegel's Philosophy of Right and Otto Neurath's economic works. To clarify the theoretical foundations of this theory, a part of the paper recapitulates them in a perspective that could be relevant in an increasingly post-labour social and economic environment. In this analysis, some of the concepts and methodologies, which could help to answer the challenges of a post-labour social welfare, are outlined. This leads to a definition of the conditions under which a needs-based social welfare could use the potential of a post-labour economic environment in a dual system, providing an efficient satisfaction of social needs while, at the same time, maintaining a viable market economy.


In reforming the system of pegged exchange rates, one matter of concern is the distribution of the burden of adjustment between revaluatioins anid devaluations. The same amount of adjustment cain be accomplished wvith various revaluationidevaluat ioni combinations, but changing the combination has several effects. One imp)ortant elfect was noted in a report by the Internlational Monetary Fund:


This paper proposes an energy storage system sharing method with consideration of uncertain data in consumer's load profile and generation amount in photovoltaic voltage. For the rational decision, the power operation plan of the prosumers in the region is determined by considering the fixed electricity charge through the system operator. To consider that whole of predicted data is uncertain comparing with the practical data, we set a practical operating mechanism which depends on 2 stage central operation algorithm. Based on the proposed algorithm, we can stabilize the electric charge of all consumers obtain a result of reducing the peak load in the power system.


PURPOSE: To provide an electronic wristwatch comprising a small, light-weight generator capable of generating sufficient electric energy with a small rotational frequency ratio and mountable outside a current movement. CONSTITUTION: Pinions 5 of a plurality of roters 6 engage with a gear 4 having an oscillating weight fixed thereto. The roters 6 are disposed at ends of stators 9 annually located in the periphery of a substrate and coils 10 are wounded around core portions of the stators 9, In such a simple structure, large output of electric energy can efficiently be produced with a not-so-large rotating ratio between the oscillating weight and the pinion of each roter 6. A receiving portion for a movement of a conventional wristwatch is provided in the substrate. A electric energy generating module comprising a substrate, an oscillating weight, roters 6 and stators 9 can be used in combination with a movement of a conventional wristwatch.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and was listed as the third cause of death by cancer in 2020 (WHO). Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process and to date it is still poorly understood. HCC occurs almost entirely in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Pre-clinical animal models play an important role in unveiling cancer biology which can facilitate development and testing of new antineoplastic drugs. The aim of this study was to establish an orthotopic model of HCC utilizing two cell lines Huh-7 and HepG2, which could be effectively used to study efficacy of new potential treatments. In a follow up study, the correlation of tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and tumor growth was investigated. AFP was measured using Quantikine® ELISA kit. For the intrahepatic (ih) inoculation cancer cells were injected into the left lobe of the liver. For the intrasplenic (is) inoculations of HCC cells, the spleen was exposed, and cells were injected into spleen parenchyma along the long axis of the spleen. Afterwards spleen was removed to avoid intrasplenic tumor growth. The animals were weighed two times a week throughout the study and appearance of any clinical signs was closely monitored. The animals were terminated 70 days after cancer cell implantation. The mice did not present with any acute symptoms before the end stage disease. However, prior sacrifice some swelling and darkening of the abdominal area especially in the ih-model was observed. To visualize liver ExiTron Nano 6000 nanoparticle contrast agent was used. The contrast agent was administered intravenously once during the study, prior the first imaging. Disease progression was monitored using Bruker SkyScan 1276 High-Resolution Micro-CT Scanner. The in vivo measurements were performed using one field of view (FOV) and an image pixel size of 18 μm. Each in vivo scanning was completed within 12 minutes and the estimated radiation dose was kept under 500 mGy at each imaging session. The first tumours were detected by µCT between 2-3 weeks depending more on the cancer cell implantation route than the cell line used. The take rate in the liver was 85% in the ih-model, and less than 50% in the is-model. The intrahepatic inoculation led to more uniform and measurable tumor nodules observed in majority of operated animals, whereas the intrasplenic tumors were dispersed throughout with multiple nodules. In addition, a tight correlation between tumor volume and amount of alpha-fetoprotein detected from serum samples was found. In conclusion, an orthotopic model using intrahepatic approach of cancer cells implantation was established. Application of µCT enabled following tumor growth and recognition of cancer spread in the abdomen. Altogether this provides a promising tool contributing to the development of novel therapies targeting HCC in vivo.
 Citation Format: Justyna Zdrojewska, Mari Suominen, Shirin Katoozi, Katja Fagerlund, Jukka Rissanen, Roger Malerbakken-Bjerke, Jenny Karlsson. Orthotopic model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using Huh-7 and HepG2: Application of micro-CT in detection of cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1662.


Control of uncertain imperfections by means of convex bounds on finite Fourier transforms is shown to be more direct and not as overly conservative as control based on uniform bounds, i.e., bounding maximum and minimum imperfections. With either method, conservatism in bounds on buckling response is reduced by filtering the imperfection measurements. Extraction of the needed filtered information by operating directly on the Fourier coefficients is straightforward and allows use of additional information on the variation of the coefficients with mode number. Use of this information in example multimode buckling problems gives a bound on maximum possible buckling response that is a factor of1.6 larger than the response at a reliability of 99.5 percent for hypothetical (but reasonably representative) probabilistic imperfections. The bounding response itself, of course, does not depend on any assumptions concerning the probabilistic distribution of imperfections. Two additional combined uniform and Fourier ellipsoid bound models further reduce this factor to 1.1 and 0.5, and require only a simple, unfiltered imperfection bound measurement during quality control inspection.


Estimation of vehicle motion is a pivotal requirement for autonomous vehicles. This paper proposes a robust ego-vehicle motion estimation to achieve precise localization and tracking, especially in the case of highly dynamic driving. An extended H∞ filter, based on a kinematic motion model assuming constant turn-rate and acceleration is used to fuse LiDAR, IMU, and vehicle dynamic sensors' measurements. Measurements from a real high-performance autonomous race car, the so-called DevBot 2.0, have been used to validate the fusion approach in a Roborace competition and compared to a standard Kalman-filter approach.The proposed estimation concept adapts the H∞ robustness bound based on the innovation sequence of the filter. This provides very fast tracking when it comes to highly dynamic movement, but still achieves minimal estimation uncertainty in case of stationary conditions with lower innovation. Furthermore, a pure kinematic model is used, which is robust against vehicle parameters, changes in the tire-road conditions, and changes in driving maneuvers. The resulting estimation concept shows outstanding performance for considered autonomous race scenario and can be used for a wide range of different applications, such as highway driving, urban driving, platooning, etc.


The article refers to aspects related to strategy as a key factor of the organization development, either public or private, if you don't know the good direction, you will never reach the desired place. The public administration needs, in my opinion, a revaluation of objectives and strategies on medium and long term in order to optimize the public services. Without pretending to exhaust the strategic management process, I emphasized, in connection with the pattern proposed by economists Rue and Rolland, main steps to be taken by a public organization management so as to elaborate and implement a realistic strategy. [1] This step implies the substantiation of the strategy, based on a thorough analysis of the public organization and its specific environment for action, followed by the establishment of strategic options and the selection of most feasible ones. The next step is represented by the implementation and operationalization of the strategy.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and rank the most important topics for research in the field of public relations. An associated outcome was to propose the research questions most closely linked to the prioritised topics.Design/methodology/approach – An international Delphi study on the priorities for public relations research, conducted in 2007 amongst academics, practitioners and senior executives of professional and industry bodies was used to investigate expert opinion on research priorities for public relations. This choice of qualitative methodology replicated earlier studies by McElreath, White and Blamphin, Synnott and McKie, and Van Ruler et al.Findings – The role of public relations in the strategic operation of organisations, and the creation of value by public relations through social capital and relationships were ranked most highly. Some outcomes were comparable with earlier studies; for instance, evaluation of public relations programmes ranked third in this study and was ...


Abstract Reporting ongoing and developing research this paper examines what might loosely be called the 'philosophies' of physical education (PE) teachers from a sociological perspective. The paper is concerned, in part, with the relationship between, on the one hand, philosophies which have been articulated by academic philosophers seeking to define what they consider to be the 'essential' characteristics or nature of PE and, on the other hand, ideas about PE which are held by teachers who have the practical task of teaching PE within schools. Making use of autobiographical references the paper outlines two influential philosophical conceptions of PE before offering a brief outline of a figurational perspective on the sociology of knowledge. By exploring the social relationships in which PE teachers are involved the paper takes tentative steps towards a more adequate understanding of PE teachers' 'philosophies'. The paper offers preliminary thoughts on what, it might be hypothesised, are likely to be som...


Introduction In this chapter, an overview of the arterial pathologies that present commonly to the vascular surgeon will be given. Included will be a summary of pathophysiology and epidemiology of these conditions as well as their clinical assessment and the imaging modalities used in contemporary practice. Finally, available treatment options, both open surgery and endovascular, will be summarised.


By using nitric acid as the fuel, the lead-free ceramic of Ba(Ti1-x,Mgx)O3 (x = 0.31) was prepared by auto combustion method (ACM). To make a comparison, this ceramic was also prepared using mixed oxide method (MOM). By X-ray diffraction, the phase structures of two samples were studied, and the results showed that rising temperatures would reduce unwanted phases. The piezoelectric and electrical properties as a function of calcination and sintering temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the outstanding electrical properties were obtained for nanoceramic with this composition. The SEM image of the grain size was estimated around 2 micrometers, and the grain size increased with the increasing of sintering temperature for two samples. The curie temperature of the BMT-ACM was 126°C and it's significantly larger than the curie temperature of BMT-MOM which was 118°C. The results of electrical properties emphasized that the synthesis optimum temperature for two samples was about 1200°C and it was the best temperature that led to improved properties such as dielectric constant, polarization and piezoelectric coefficients.


The successful detection of gravitational waves from astrophysical sources carried out by the laser interferometric detectors LIGO and Virgo have stimulated scientists to develop a new generation of more sensitive gravitational wave detectors. In the proposed upgrade called LIGO Voyager, silicon test masses will be cooled to cryogenic temperatures. To provide heat removal from the test masses when they absorb the laser light one can increase their thermal emissivity using a special black coating. We have studied mechanical losses in a carbon nanotube black coating deposited on silicon wafers. The additional thermal noise associated with mechanical loss in this coating was calculated using a value of the product of the coating Young's modulus and the coating mechanical loss angle determined from the measurements. It was found that at temperatures of about 123 K, the additional thermal noise of the LIGO Voyager test mass caused by the carbon nanotube black coating deposited on its barrel is less than the noise associated with the Acktar Black coating and is 20 times less than the noise due to the optical high reflective (HR) coating of the test mass.


This paper investigates whether the money multiplier process in the Turkish economy is stable and can be forecasted. Research results show that the processes which convert the base money supply into the final monetary aggregates are unstable and decrease the effectiveness of monetary policies pursued by the CBRT. In addition, the sub-components of the money multiplier do not support a stable money multiplier process, indicating that traditional monetarist prescriptions for the conduct of economic policy are not appropriate for the Turkish economy.


The sections in this article are:

1
Innervation of Mesenteric Circulation
1.1
Anatomy

2
Mesenteric Artery
2.1
Resting Membrane Potential

2.2
Cell Coupling

2.3
Active Membrane Properties

2.4
Responses to Addition of Autonomic Neurotransmitters

2.5
Responses to Nerve Stimulation

2.6
Pharmacology of Neuroeffector Transmission

2.7
Prejunctional Effects on Neuromuscular Transmission

3
Neuromuscular Relationships in Nonmammalian Artery

4
Mesenteric Vein
4.1
Resting Membrane Potential

4.2
Action Potentials

4.3
Passive Membrane Properties

4.4
Response to Autonomic Transmitter Substances

4.5
Response to Nerve Stimulation

4.6
Pharmacology of Neuroeffector Transmission

5
Portal Vein
5.1
Spontaneous Action Potentials

5.2
Cell Coupling

5.3
Response to Nerve Stimulation

5.4
Response to Neurotransmitters

6
Functional Implications of Neuromuscular Differences Between Artery and Vein

7
Conclusions


Transition-metal-catalyzed isomerization of allylic alcohols represents an efficient way to generate saturated carbonyl compounds. Various transition metals such as Rh, Ru, Ir, Ni, and Fe have been employed for this transformation. In recent years, the metal-catalyzed asymmetric isomerization of primary and secondary allylic alcohols has attracted much interest. An enantioselective isomerization reaction may proceed in two ways: Type 1 isomerization involves a primary allylic alcohol possessing two different substituents at the 3-position to form an optically active aldehyde with a newly created stereogenic center at the b-position. Type 2 isomerization involves the selective conversion of one enantiomer of the racemic allylic alcohol into a saturated ketone while leaving the other isomer enantiomerically enriched by way of kinetic resolution (Scheme 1). To our knowledge, there are very few reported


All-optical signal regeneration at 160 Gb/s is demonstrated with a nonlinear optical loop-mirror (NOLM). We introduce an optical bias controller into the conventional NOLM composed of a polarization-maintaining fiber, which can suppress degradation of the extinction ratio due to cross-phase modulation between counterpropagating lights; accordingly, full-swing operation is achieved at the bit rate of 160 Gb/s, enabling all-optical signal regeneration.


A 10 year old male Dalmatian dog carcass on necropsy exhibited enlarged of peripheral lymph nodes, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly with three grayish white nodules of 7x5x3, 3x3x1 and 2x1x1 cm in size on the ventral surface of spleen, enlarged kidneys with grayish white foci (1x0.5 cm size) on the cortex, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, pallor bone marrow and congested stomach and intestines. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes showed large lymphoblast cells with occasional mitotic figures. Ultrasonography revealed splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Cytologically, it was classified as lymphocytic diffuse type, poorly differentiated lymphosarcoma. Biochemically, hypercalcaemia was recorded in the serum. Microscopically, solid, dense sheets of lymphoblast cells were seen with scanty cytoplasm.


The effect of the copolymer sequence distribution on the miscibility of a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) (SAA) blend has been investigated by molecular simulations. The molecular simulation provides a method to calculate the interaction energy parameter and hydrogen-bond energy. It is observed that both the sequence distribution and the composition of the SAA copolymer significantly affect the degree of miscibility. For a fixed composition, there exists an optimal range of sequence distributions for which the blend system is miscible.


Bi-parental population derived from two bread wheat varieties, Cadillac and Carberry, was tested for bending strength at moisture contents of 14 and 22% w.b. A total of 208 experimental lines derived from the population (Carberry and Cadillac) was grown in the field in an augmented design with sixteen blocks, and three checks including Cadillac, Carberry and Glenn lines. The second internode of the stems were cut and conditioned to 14% and 22% moisture content before testing. Test was carried out using Texture Analyzer and stem diameter of the tested specimen was determined using an imaging system. Cadillac wheat stem variety had higher bending strength value than Carberry wheat stem variety in each block at the two moisture contents of 14% and 22% while Glenn had values lying in between. Cadillac had bending strength values ranging from 4.26-7.23 MPa with Carberry, Glenn having 2.62-4.96MPa and 4.02-6.02MPa respectively at 14% while at 22%, the bending strength values reduced with Cadillac having bending strength values ranging from 2.58-5.05 MPa with Carberry, Glenn having 2.46-4.83 MPa and 1.92-4.46 MPa respectively.


Traffic congestion impacts all of our lives, and calls for corrective action - usually 'Why don't they do something about it?' - emanate from virtually every segment of society. But, a more appropriate question might be 'Why don't we do something about it? This article discusses the realities of the situation, to re-evaluate, to adjust, and to redirect efforts to provide congestion relief in the real world of commuter traffic.


Interpreting the high volume of genomic data is a challenge for epidemiologists, anthropologists and geneticists that aim to understand the genetic basis of populations and phenotype variations (diseases/traits). In this respect, several computational methods and tools have been developed to extract knowledge and data patterns from public 'omic' data for a diverse set of populations in genetic studies, and also to deal with transparency and reproducibility that has been two subjects of high importance in science. The genetic architecture of parental populations, such as African, European and Asian, has been subject of studies to understand the process of population structure and the origins of genetic diseases. It is well known that allele frequency and allele differentiation based on genotype data reveal hallmarks of di↵erential demographic history in worldwide populations, and some alleles are risk variants that confer disease risk and their frequency may lead to varying susceptibility to complex diseases. In this context, this thesis has two main contributions, one is a network-based approach to integrate and visualize data from NGHRI/EBI GWAS Catalog and 1000 Genomes Project, and the second is scientific workflow approach to disclose scientific knowledge. First, we present DANCE (Disease-Ancestry Network), a new web tool to improve the understanding of the genetic architecture of diseases in a cross-ethnic view. DANCE is a tool to integrate, summarize and visualize molecular profiles of genetic disease associations in a network-based approach. It was implemented as a web-based tool to explore genetic associations and risk allele di↵erentiation across global populations to support a broad set of genetic population analyses, such as GWAS replication and admixture mapping. Our networks are bipartite, where nodes are either phenotypes (diseases/traits) or SNPs and diseases are connected to SNPs if there is a known association in current GWAS studies. In a graphical projection, the population variability of risk-alleles frequencies is represented as a color gradient based on the pairwise FST values of di↵erent populations, where higher values point out highly di↵erentiated SNPs between the two populations. In addition, this study presents the EPIGEN Scientific Workflow (EPIGEN-SW), which aims to improve transparency and reproducibility in genetic and epidemiology studies. The EPIGEN-SW is implemented as a web tool and facilitates the access to computational resources through an integrative and interactive approach based on flowcharts, masterscripts and auxiliary scripts. Both approaches are implemented as web tools and made freely available for the scientific community. DANCE are available online at www.ldgh.com.br/dance and the EPIGEN-Brazil Scientific Workflow is available at www.ldgh.com.br/scientificworkflow.


After a large number of distributed electricity energy has been accessed to network, the system structure and operating characteristics of the distribution network will be greatly changed. The multigrounding of the micro-grid system was discussed from the provisions of the relevant electrical standards and the view of practical point. It is clear that PE wire is the repeated grounding instead of N repeated grounding in the TN system of micro-grid, and multigrounding problems that should be attention were described in TN-S and TT systems of micro-grid.


The purpose of this research was to produce an android based mathematics learning application. This research was motivated by the Indonesian government's policy during the covid-19 pandemic. The government asked people to do all their activity from home. The government's policy changed all the system including the learning activity system. Based on that, it was necessary to develop a learning application, which would enable students to learn from home. In this research, the learning application that would be developed was an Android based mathematics learning application. The research method used for this purpose was the development research developed by Dick and Carey. The quality standard used for the Product developed in this research were validity, practical, and effective, which was checked based on expert validation and trial results.


Coevolution-based contact prediction, either directly by coevolutionary couplings resulting from global statistical sequence models or using structural supervision and deep learning, has found widespread application in protein-structure prediction from sequence. However, one of the basic assumptions in global statistical modeling is that sequences form an at least approximately independent sample of an unknown probability distribution, which is to be learned from data. In the case of protein families, this assumption is obviously violated by phylogenetic relations between protein sequences. It has turned out to be notoriously difficult to take phylogenetic correlations into account in coevolutionary model learning. Here, we propose a complementary approach: we develop two strategies to randomize or resample sequence data, such that conservation patterns and phylogenetic relations are preserved, while intrinsic (i.e. structure- or function-based) coevolutionary couplings are removed. An analysis of these data shows that the strongest coevolutionary couplings, i.e. those used by Direct Coupling Analysis to predict contacts, are only weakly influenced by phylogeny. However, phylogeny-induced spurious couplings are of similar size to the bulk of coevolutionary couplings, and dissecting functional from phylogeny-induced couplings might lead to more accurate contact predictions in the range of intermediate-size couplings. The code is available at https://github.com/ed-rodh/Null_models_I_and_II. Author summary Many homologous protein families contain thousands of highly diverged amino-acid sequences, which fold in close-to-identical three-dimensional structures and fulfill almost identical biological tasks. Global coevolutionary models, like those inferred by the Direct Coupling Analysis (DCA), assume that families can be considered as samples of some unknown statistical model, and that the parameters of these models represent evolutionary constraints acting on protein sequences. To learn these models from data, DCA and related approaches have to also assume that the distinct sequences in a protein family are close to independent, while in reality they are characterized by involved hierarchical phylogenetic relationships. Here we propose Null models for sequence alignments, which maintain patterns of amino-acid conservation and phylogeny contained in the data, but destroy any coevolutionary couplings, frequently used in protein structure prediction. We find that phylogeny actually induces spurious non-zero couplings. These are, however, significantly smaller that the largest couplings derived from natural sequences, and therefore have only little influence on the first predicted contacts. However, in the range of intermediate couplings, they may lead to statistically significant effects. Dissecting phylogenetic from functional couplings might therefore extend the range of accurately predicted structural contacts down to smaller coupling strengths than those currently used.


This talk describes our work to understand the robustness of two complex networks – human blood clotting and Drosophila early development. Complex networks of interacting reactions are responsible for the function and self‐regulation of biological systems, and are the focus of a significant research effort. The spatiotemporal dynamics of such networks is especially interesting, but the complexity of these networks makes them difficult to understand and to synthetically reproduce. Haemostasis, a complex network of ~80 reactions, initiates localized blood clotting exclusively at the site of significant vascular injury, even when multiple patches of smaller damage are present throughout the vascular system. We have developed a simple experimental chemical system, built using a modular approach, that reproduces and predicts spatiotemporal dynamics of initiation and propagation of clotting in this complex network. Microfluidics was used to create in vitro environments that expose both the complex network (human blood plasma) and the model system to surfaces patterned with patches of clotting stimuli. As the model predicted, both systems displayed a threshold response with respect to patch size, with the magnitude of the threshold patch size described by the Damköhler number. These experiments show that blood can be exposed to significant amounts of clot‐inducing stimuli, such as tissue factor, without initiating clotting. In our work with Drosophila, we perturb the environment around an embryo in both space and time to narrow the range of possible mechanisms for establishing robust development. Overall, our results demonstrate that chemical models, implemented and tested with microfluidics, may provide a framework for describing spatiotemporal dynamics and robustness of complex reaction networks.


Sâmiha Ayverdi, who brought more than forty literary work to our New
Turkish Literature, witnessed from the last periods of Ottoman Empire to
Independence period, from the cease-fire years to Rebublic period; issued these
topics by not being unconcerned to the civilization and land she lived. Also, in her
Works she often mentioned about mansion, villa and waterside residence, she spent
her childhood, and other architectural facts. While mentioning these architectural
facts, she transferred sophistication of Turkish art to readers with great skill.
Although our writer worked on novel, essay, country life and history, especially
classical city culture in her books, we have studied on mainly the writer's statements,
evaluations about Turkish architecture, most of all her comments about the changes
after 1950. In other respects, we have thought that the mirror of our writer to the past
and her period will be useful for the readers. As known, Istanbul changed especially
after 1950. Our writer is not only the witness of these period but olso the evaluator.


Although China agreed to abandon their use by 2001, subsidies to loss-making state owned enterprises continued through 2002. OLS and fixed effects regressions based on Chinese provincial data suggest strongly that the subsidies and annual increments in long term bank loans have stimulated the exports of state owned enterprise in those provinces that have done most of the exporting. Exports of foreign invested enterprises, reflecting provincial exporting conditions, were also important. The subsidies may have compensated for high production costs, weaknesses in domestic markets and/or the desire of local governments to maintain employment in state owned enterprises.


This paper acquaints with a two-stage Noise Adaptive Fuzzy Switching Weighted Median (NAFSWM) filter for eliminating fixed-valued and random valued impulse noise.


: The purpose of this study was to measure index of inclusion of the inclusive classrooms in elementary schools and to examine the teachers' attitude, perception, and concerns toward the inclusion of children with special needs in the regular education classrooms. This study used concurrent mixed methods. The participants were 10 elementary school teachers deliberately selected from schools identified as actively implementing inclusive education programs. The inclusion index was measured through an observation and the teachers' attitude, perception, and concerns toward the inclusion of children with special needs were collected through a focus group discussion. The results revealed that index of inclusion in inclusive classrooms at elementary schools had not been optimal yet with average of inclusion index amounting to 38.58 of ideal index 48. Teachers have a positive attitude towards inclusion of children with special needs in regular classrooms. In addition, teachers have perception that inclusive education is the same as education for persons with disabilities or special education. Some of the teachers' primary concerns were implementing different teaching methods, choosing instructional content to meet the needs of all students, and helping from specialist teacher to handle students with special needs during instructional practice in the classroom.


481 Background: Overcoming resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in UC patients (pts) is of major interest given the modest single agent response rates for pts with mUC. Herein we report the outcome of combined NIVO and IPI in pts who progressed on single agent NIVO. Methods: This prospective, open label, adaptive study treated platinum resistant mUC pts with NIVO monotherapy with the designated intent to add IPI at disease progression. RECIST 1.1 assessments were performed every 6 wks for 24 wks then every 12 wks. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and possible associations between clinical endpoints and tumor genomic characteristics. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to assess DNA Damage Response (DDR) gene mutations and Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB). Results: To date, 21 pts who progressed after NIVO monotherapy have received IPI plus NIVO. ORRs to prior NIVO monotherapy were variable; partial response (PR = 4/21, 19%), stable disease (SD = 6/21, 29%) and progressive disease (PD = 11/21,52%). 57% (12/21) had visceral metastases. For IPI + NIVO the ORR was 19% (PR: n=4, CR: n=0) and duration of response >12 mo in a subset; 2 pts with PR remain on treatment (3+, 5+ mo), 1 pt has an ongoing PR (13+ months) after stopping treatment due to toxicity. Responding disease sites include node, liver and lung. Immune-related toxicity ≥ G3 seen in 9 pts (43%), of whom 4 (44%) had disease control (PR+SD≥3mo). No correlation detected between clinical outcome and TMB or DDR mutations. Conclusions: IPI plus NIVO responses can be seen in pts with NIVO resistance and the benefit from combined checkpoint blockade can be prolonged. Immune related toxicity frequently accompanied disease control. TMB and DDR were not associated with benefit in this small cohort; immune correlative analyses are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02553642. [Table: see text]


Abstract The frequency (102 – 105 Hz) dependence of the dielectric properties of lithium rubidium sulphate (LRS) are reported in the vicinity of the transition temperature Tc = 477 K. The a.c. conductivity σ(ω) shows a strong temperature dependence and weak frequency response. The dielectric constant in this region shows a strong frequency dispersion. A Cole-Cole diagram was used to determine the distribution parameter and the molecular relaxation time. The effect of doping with Dy+3, Sm+3 and V+3, was also studied. It was found that doping gives rise to localized states which produce a disorder in the structure of LiRbSO4.


Introduction: Many studies have shown a relationship between serum level of trace elements and risk of stroke, but the exact mechanism of this relationship is not clear. The purpose of this study was to measure changes of serum magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc levels in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients to evaluate their potential diagnostic utility.Materials and methods: Overall, 53 healthy individuals (30 men, 32 women) and 53 ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients (30 men, 23 women) who were admitted to the Rouhani Hospital in Babol (Iran) were enrolled in the study within 24 hours after stroke onset. Diagnosis was made based on medical history and physical examination by a neurologist. After blood sampling, serum copper was assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and zinc, magnesium and iron levels were assessed by spectrophotometry. Data analysis was performed in SPSS (version 21) using independent sample t-test and chi-square test. Results: Serum concentrations of copper was significantly higher in the patients (58.8 ±14.7 mg/dL) compared with the controls (45.7 ±10.0 mg/dL). Serum concentrations of zinc was significantly higher in the patients (113.2 ±17.3 mg/dL) compared with the controls (95.60 ±12.80 mg/dl). Moreover, serum concentrations of iron was significantly higher in the patients (148.5 ±30.4 mg/dL) compared with the controls (74.22 ±33.3 mg/dL). However, the patients (1.4 ±0.8 mEq/L) had significantly lower level of magnesium level compared to the controls (2.1 ±0.3 mEq/L). Conclusions: Our results suggest that evaluation of serum magnesium, iron, copper and zinc levels in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients may be useful for the prediction and diagnosis of stroke status.


The problem of strictly dissipative analysis and design is considered for descriptor discrete-time Markovian jump systems with norm-bounded uncertainty.Firstly,the conception of strict dissipativeness is introduced into descriptor discrete-time Markovian jump systems,and a sufficient condition for the uncertain discrete-time descriptor system stochastically admissible and strictly dissipative is derived by using the linear matrix inequality technique.Then the existence condition of state feedback robust strict dissipative controller is also presented for descriptor discrete-time Markovian jump systems.In addition,a method of designing state feedback robust strict dissipative controller is given.Finally,a numerical example shows the effectiveness of this method.


In a move aimed at deterring doctors from exploiting the health system, GPs found to have abused Australia's public health Medicare programme have been "named and shamed" by the system's regulatory body. The types of abuse are overprescribing, ordering unnecessary tests, and claiming reimbursement for a very high number of consultations. Some doctors regularly claimed for seeing more than 80 patients a day.

A report sent to 45 000 doctors detailed the 26 doctors from around the country who in the last financial year …


Although Moldova has a long history of anticorruption reforms, the 2014 banking fraud revealed that they were partial and rather unsustainable, which translated into weak and politically dependent national anticorruption mechanisms. According to the last opinion survey, corruption remains one of the top five issues for the population1. Faced with domestic political and social instability and driven by external pressure, the Moldovan Parliament enacted a number of important anticorruption measures in 2016-2017 aiming to strengthen the capacity and independence of the anticorruption agencies. Most of these measures Moldova are part of the Association Agenda for 2017-2019, and more recently were included in list of conditions under the Memorandum of Understanding on EU macro-financial assistance. However, the quality of reforms implementation remains a serious problem, bringing marginal effects in reducing corruption. The slowed pace of reforms derived from the unpredictability in the legislative process, including long delays in adopting anticorruption-related laws, along with last-minute changes to the draft laws. Additionally, defectiveness of the anti-corruption reforms derives from legislature's attempts to sabotage the reforms through different controversial initiatives, delayed selection of leadership of the National Integrity Authority, excessive competences granted to the National Anticorruption Office, and insufficient staffing and financing of the Anticorruption Prosecution Office. The present brief analyzes the main anticorruption measures undertaken by authorities during 2017 and presents the main issues threatening their proper implementation. A fight against corruption in Moldova: what's wrong and what can be done?


This paper examines a simple two-period model of an investment decision in a network industry characterized by demand uncertainty, economies of scale and sunk costs. In the absence of regulation we identify the minimum price that an unregulated monopolist demands to bear the demand uncertainty and invest early, that is, the price that incorporates the value of the option to delay. In a regulated environment, we show that in the absence of downstream competition and when the regulator cannot commit to ex-post demand contingent prices, a regulated price that incorporates the option to delay is the minimum price that ensures early investment. Furthermore, when the regulator has a preference for early investment, the option to delay price generates higher welfare than other forms of price regulation. We also show that when the vertically integrated network provider is required to provide access to downstream competitors, and the potential entrant is less efficient than the incumbent, an access price that incorporates the option to delay generates the same investment level output as and higher overall welfare than an unregulated industry that is not required to provide access. By contrast, under the same market conditions an ECPR-based access price generates the same overall welfare than an unregulated industry. Moreover, when the potential entrant is more efficient than the incumbent, an Option to Delay Pricing Rule generates the same investment level output as and (weakly) higher overall welfare than the Efficient Component Pricing Rule (ECPR). In addition, the option-to-delay-based access price is (weakly) lower than the ECPR-based access price.


Differential cross sections for multiphoton ionization of atomic hydrogen are calculated for the range of two photons to eight photons. Some possible applications of such information are suggested.


The present paper states the method of experimental estimation of room thermal time constants for heating control systems at buildings, where is no people at night.


short-term reactions of one variable upon others, but without neglecting the lapse of time between cause and effect. The equations in which it is expressed relate to nonsimultaneous events. For instance, to be made dynamic, the static concept of the functional relation between price and quantity supplied requires three things to be done. First, the relation must be exhibited in terms of cause and effect. Second, any time difference (lag) found to exist between change in price and change in quantity supplied should be mentioned explicitly. Third, if quantity supplied varies to an important degree through causes other than changes in price (for instance, through changes in cost or in productive capacity), the influence of these other causes must be shown, and not left concealed in a ceteris paribus clause; but minor causes, whose combined effects are small, may legitimately be ignored, the formulation being confined to exhibiting the influence of major causes only. Volume II applies the system of mathematical analysis described in the first volume to the postwar trade data of the United States. It aims at determining, on the basis of existing statistics and with the help of the multiple correlation method, the more important quantitative relationships that have governed the economic system of the United States of America. Some forty equations are found, which are thought to represent the main characteristics of the mechanism of United States


BACKGROUND Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is an infrequent and often aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis. It can be classified as functional or nonfunctional. Nonfunctional ACC is hampered by the absence of specific signs or symptoms; only abdominal pain with or without incidental adrenal occupation is typically present. CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of a patient with a 30 cm × 15 cm × 8 cm ectopic ACC on the anterior abdominal wall without organ adhesion. A 77-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of a huge abdominal mass, which, by ultrasonography, had an unclear border with the liver. Computed tomography showed that the mass was not associated with any organ but was adherent to the anterior abdominal wall. The patient underwent tumor resection, and a postoperative pathology examination showed a neuroendocrine tumor, which was diagnosed as ACC. The patient was disease-free at the 9-mo follow up. CONCLUSION The anterior abdominal wall is a rare site of ACC growth.


Siderophores are naturally occurring small molecules with metal binding constants greater than many synthetic chelators. Herein, we report a two-step process to graft a siderophore-mimetic metal chelating polymer from a polypropylene (PP) surface. Poly(methyl acrylate) was first grafted from the PP surface by photoinitiated graft polymerization, followed by the conversion into poly(hydroxamic acid) (PHA) to obtain PP-g-PHA films. ATR/FTIR, contact angle, SEM, and AFM were performed to characterize surface properties of films. Iron binding kinetics and the influence of pH (3.0–5.0) on the chelating ability of films were determined. PP-g-PHA exhibited significant iron chelating activity (∼80 nmol/cm2) with an equilibration time of 24 h. The materials retained 50% chelating ability at pH 3.0 compared with pH 5.0, almost double the retention of previously reported polycarboxylate chelating interfaces. By using siderophore-mimetic surface chemistry, such effective metal chelating interfaces can extend the applications of metal chelating polymers in environmental remediation, water purification, and active packaging areas. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41231.


In some respects, the very title of Jane Calvert's Quaker Constitutionalism and the Political Thought of John Dickinson seems to contain an oxymoron. Quaker theology is not generally associated with concepts that seem as rigid as "constitutionalism." Members of the Religious Society of Friends are noted for their social and religious spontaneity, for their refusal to be bound by hide-bound traditions and conventions, and by their tendency to remain aloof from participation in the political arena. This reality is among the reasons that Calvert's arguments are so fascinating and important. It is helpful to provide context by pointing out that even while eschewing formal contracts, Friends have shaped their theology and behaviors around what might be described as contractual premises. For example, Quakers' refusal to swear an oath of truth is partly based on the premise that by taking an oath of truth (as in legal testimony) they were implying that there might be times when they were not telling the truth—but Quakers' contract with each other, their God, and their communities require that one is always honor-bound (contracted) to speak only what is true. It is also helpful, by way of context, to recall that the American Civil Liberties Union and the Friends Council on National Legislation (the nation's first religious lobbying organization) were established by Quakers and their allies to operate as consistent (and persistent) watchdogs and consciences for America's political and legal behaviors. Modern scholars of social and legal history have opened new and interesting discourse about the origins of American federal ideologies. Are these ideologies descended from Puritan town-hall democracy? Borrowed from early New York Native American models of confederacy? Derived from the modern humanist ideas of such as John Locke and Benjamin Franklin? Out of what muse did Hamilton, Jay, and Madison's "Publius" shape the ideas of good government? Calvert's study of early Quakers' concepts of community governance suggests that the foundations of modern American democracy are more beholden to Quaker theology and tradition than Quakers are given credit for.


Conservation of built heritage is undertaken as an integral part of land-use planning in Singapore. The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is the government agency formally empowered since 1989 under the nation's legislation to oversee conservation, in addition to planning and facilitating the physical development of the island-state's limited land resources. The agency identifies historically significant areas/buildings/structures for conservation, administers the framework to legally protect them and work with building owners to restore and adapt their properties for re-use. Carried out on a highly selective basis, conservation often involves trade-offs. The fundamental approach is to keep the hardware. Owners have the flexibility to decide on the software. They can bring in new uses to extend the economic life span of the buildings.


Analysis of data on musth episodes of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) collected from Punnathoor Kotta of Guruvayoor revealed that the duration of musth was 99 +/- 36 days, increasing as age advances. Hours of bright sunshine had pronounced influence on the duration of musth. The number of elephants coming to musth showed peaks during January and August, which are the post monsoon periods in Kerala.


In this paper, the design and testing of a new protection strategy for a matrix power converter feeding an induction motor with a squirrel cage rotor is described. The new protection strategy with excellent overvoltage protection allows the removal of the large and expensive diode clamp.


Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a very disabling condition. It can be difficult to treat. Less than 50% of people respond to licenced dosages of H1-antihistamines (though up-dosing where safe increases the response rate). Additionally, only a small proportion respond to the addition of the leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) montelukast.1,2.


Abstract The present study examines the neuropsychological model of sexual offending proposed by Flor-Henry (1987) in relation to a group of mentally disordered sex offenders and a control group of mentally disordered non-sex offenders. The model predicts that the sex offender group would show specific left fronto-temporal dysfunction as compared with the control group. The results, while in the predicted direction, failed to reach statistical significance. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.


This study examined the photocatalytic self-cleaning of novel nanofibers of co-polyester poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene isosorbide terephthalate) (PICT). To obtain the self-cleaning property, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were blended into the solution of PICT at five different concentrations. The morphology of the nanofibers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the degradation spectrum of the target dyes was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Especially in the TEM images, there was clear evidence of a uniform dispersion of the ZnO nanoparticles embedded in the nanofibers. As the concentration of ZnO increased to 9 wt%, there was a greater dispersion of the ZnO nanoparticles on the nanofibers. The photocatalytic activity indicated that more efficient self-cleaning occurred at an irradiation time of 3 hours and a 9% concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the nanofibers. We achieved around 99% self-cleaning efficiency from these nanofibers.


To explore the effect of liver transplantation-induced liver ischemia/reperfusion injury on serum leptin levels in these patients, serum samples of patients with malignant primary liver cancer or cholangiocarcinoma who had been given holo-hepatectomy were collected, and RIA and ELISA were used to detect serum levels of leptin, CRP and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in these patients. Results showed that compared with self-control before operation, leptin level decreased immediately after operation, continued to decrease after one hour of non-liver period, reached the lowest level after one hour of neo-liver period, and increased to a higher level than that of self-control before operation at ten hours after operation (P0.05). Serum level of CRP had a similar change as that of leptin, reaching the lowest after one hour of neo-liver period and recovering to normal level gradually after that. Serum level of IL-1β also expressed a trend to decrease at the beginning and to recover to normal level at 10 hours after operation. Results showed that serum leptin level decreased significantly in the early!stage of post-liver transplantation and increased thereafter with a significant difference vs that before operation, which occurred concurrently with the changes of acute phase protein CRP and inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which indicates that leptin plays an important role in liver transplantation.


The book provides a deep insight into the successful organisation, management and marketing of booths at trade shows. By giving practical examples and explanations, Solberg Soilen aims at examining ...


The management of smart devices in IoT environments can benefit from the flexibility offered by delegation-based authorization. Dynamic delegation improves the system making the process more efficient and autonomous. Privacy preservation in that kind of scenario has, however, serious problems. This paper proposes an architecture based on delegation-based authorization to dynamic D2D delegation. A proof of concept demonstrates how a smart device can delegate its permissions to another smart device with the same abilities when it is required. Moreover, the architecture focus on preserving the user's privacy by requesting his consent when delegation involves access to personal data. Different levels of data sensitivity are considered and it works as a boundary to the system to recognize when consent is required and different levels of care should be taken into account depending on the data level sensitivity. Finally, a receipt is generated as proof of the consent providing the user's control over his data and transparency about the delegation process.


A process is described which provides a simple, automatic means for quickly reducing the deleterious effects of shunts in completed thin‐film solar cells. The method has been used to passivate current shunting defects in large area, mass produced solar cells made from amorphous silicon alloys. In the passivation process, photovoltaic devices are exposed to an electrochemical bath which selectively converts the top surface conducting oxide to a lesser conducting state at the vicinity of shunts. The process and its utility in repairing defects will be described.


In this paper we describe an approach to formalize and unify Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) design patterns. The goal is to help pattern authors, users, and software engineers to work more efficiently with design patterns. To this end, we have investigated seven building blocks for setting up a unified form of HCI design patterns. They will serve as the necessary requirements for successful integration into the Semantic Web, pattern management tools, and the HCI community.


Purpose – This paper seeks to investigate the role of social capital in facilitating the entry of new business ventures into service networks.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical work is undertaken via case study‐based research, featuring three service businesses, each entering and operating in a different marketplace.Findings – Results show that new service businesses are not necessarily able to draw on existing social capital in order to enter a business network and build relationships with potential customers and suppliers.Research limitations/implications – Future empirical work should re‐examine the distinctions between the role and nature of social capital for new service businesses.Practical implications – The paper suggests how the new service entrepreneur might invest personal resources in networking to initiate relationships and build a network of customers and suppliers.Originality/value – The paper presents the little researched area of networking and relationship initiation as a means ...


To improve the sensitivity and dynamic range of microwave power sensors, a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) dual-channel microwave power sensor is proposed in this study. The sensor is designed and manufactured using the GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit` (MMIC) process and MEMS technology. The microwave performance, overload power and sensitivity are theoretically studied. At 8–12 GHz, the return loss of the sensors with three different fixed beam sizes are approximately −10 dB, which is good microwave performance. The sensitivities for capacitive detection channel of the two sensors with larger sizes are 2.4 fF W−1 @10 GHz and 14.5 fF W−1 @10 GHz, respectively, and the sensitivities of the thermoelectric detection channel of the three sensors is 25.7 mV W−1, 24.9 mV W−1 and 24.2 mV W−1, respectively. Compared with traditional microwave power sensors, the sensor proposed takes into account the advantages of microwave power sensors in both thermoelectric and capacitive structures. This work helps lay the foundation for the design of microwave power sensors with a fixed beam structure and thermoelectric microwave power sensors.


Art education is an essential part in college cultural construction and cannot be neglected.It has independent value and function.It mainly cultivates students' artistic ability,namely,the ability to enjoy beauty,express beauty and create beauty.The building of harmonious college and College cultural construction fully reflect the function and value of art education.They cannot Be separated.Art education can promote the construction of college culture,and the construction of college culture.


The mechanism of obtaining the fractional angular momentum by employing a trapped atom which possesses a permanent magnetic dipole moment in the background of two electric fields is reconsidered by using an alternative method. Then, we generalize this model to a noncommutative plane. We show that there are two different mechanisms, which include cooling down the atom to the negligibly small kinetic energy and modulating the density of electric charges to the critical value to get the fractional angular momentum theoretically.


Evaluating influential spreaders in networks is of great significance for promoting the dissemination of beneficial information or inhibiting the spreading of harmful information. Currently, there are some central indices that can be used to evaluate spreading influence of {nodes}. However, most of them ignore the spreading probability and take into consideration only the network topology or the location of source node, so the excellent results can be achieved only when the spreading probability is in a specified range. For example, the degree centrality is appropriate for a minor spreading probability, but to ensure the accuracy, semi-local and closeness centralities are more suitable for a slightly larger one. To solve the sensitivity problem of spreading probability, a novel algorithm is proposed based on the extension of degree. In this algorithm, the coverage area of degree is recursively extended by the overlapping of degree of neighbors, which makes different extension levels correspond to different spreading probabilities. For a certain spreading probability, the proper level index is calculated by finding the most correlate ranking sequences of sampling {nodes}, which is obtained by matching the results of different spreading levels and SIR simulation. In this paper, the relationship between extension level and spreading probability is explained by the theory of fitting the weight and infected possibility of {nodes}, and the feasibility of the sampling method is verified by the computational experiments. The experimental results on both real and computer-generated datasets show that the proposed algorithm can effectively evaluate the spreading influences of {nodes} under different spreading probabilities, and the performance is close or even superior to that evaluated by using other central indices.


The major objective of this study was to summarize the brand failures in Pakistan from three different dimensions (a) indicators for brand failure, (b) reasons of brand failure and (c) tactics to save brands from permanent failure. The study benefited from both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the initial phase interviews and focus groups with senior marketing professionals developed the questionnaire. In the confirmatory part 196 respondents participated in the surveys who were brand experts in their fields. Data related to indicators of brand failures, reasons of brand failure, tactics to save the brand from permanent was analysed using Exploratory Factor analyses separately. Findings of the study suggested that indicators of brand failure can be categorized in two classes; one related to the Brand Promotional aspect and the other is Brand Performance in the market. Reasons for brand failures are summarized into seven categories i.e., Branding Pillars, Branding Incompetence, Brand Performance, Brand Origin, Brand Image, Brand Competition and Brand Strategy. The study has also summarized the tactics to save the brand from permanent failure into three tactics i.e., Macro Branding, Micro Branding and Core Branding Practices.


Purpose To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor in choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) surgically excised from eyes with high myopia. Methods The CNVMs were surgically excised from two eyes with high myopia. Immunohistochemical analysis with a monoclonal antibody to estrogen receptor and in situ hybridization with an oligodeoxynucleotide sequence coding for estrogen receptor were used to study the cellular distribution of estrogen receptor and its messenger RNA in the CNVMs. Immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin in the CNVMs was compared with localization of estrogen receptor. Results Immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibody to estrogen receptor showed widespread staining throughout the CNVMs. By in situ hybridization, the expression of estrogen receptor messenger RNA was predominantly observed in the CNVMs. Staining with antibody to vimentin was widespread throughout the CNVMs, which was similar to the localization of estrogen receptor. Conclusion Estrogen receptor was expressed in the CNVMs in highly myopic eyes, suggesting that estrogen may have important functions in the formation of CNVMs.


The utility model discloses a continuously-heating type fused alumina synthesizing device which comprises a calcining kiln, raw material conveying pipelines, raw material bins, a furnace burden distribution and delivery device, an arc furnace and a furnace cylinder base for supporting the arc furnace, wherein one end of one raw material conveying pipeline is connected with the calcining kiln, and the other end of the raw material conveying pipeline is connected with the furnace burden distribution and delivery device; each raw material bin is arranged at the upper part of each raw material conveying pipeline, and is connected with the middle part of each raw material conveying pipeline through a pipeline; the arc furnace is positioned at the lower part of the furnace burden distribution and delivery device. According to the utility model, calcined high temperature bauxite ores and auxiliary materials are preheated during the transmission process, and are conveyed into the arc furnace to be smelted, and heat energy generated during the technological process for synthesizing fused alumina is fully utilized, so that the heat utilization rate is improved, the electrical consumption of unit products is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved at the same time.


As part of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) Upgrade, new x-ray beamline front ends are planned that include extensive integrated x-ray diagnostic capability. The high-heat-load front-end (HHLFE) design includes a grazing-incidence insertion device x-ray beam position monitor (GRID-XBPM) utilizing Cu K-edge x-ray fluorescence from x-rays striking a pair of copper absorbers. At a 1.0 grazing incidence angle, the XBPM assembly is designed to withstand 17 kW power from two inline Undulator A devices at 150-mA stored beam. A second XBPM located outside of the accelerator enclosure monitors fluorescence from the beamline exit mask, which is a critical beamline-defining aperture. In addition, an intensity monitor is used to detect x-ray flux passing through a front-end mask inside the enclosure, while a second intensity monitor is located immediately downstream of the exit mask. Details of these designs and expected performance will be presented.


Professor Voland received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1971 and 1973, respectively. He received his Ph.D. degree from Tufts University in 1989. He held faculty and administrative positions at Northeastern University (1977-99), the Illinois Institute of Technology (1999-2003), and Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne (2003-10). He joined the University of Michigan-Flint faculty as a professor of engineering and provost and vice chancellor for academic affairs in 2010.


Nowadays, the development of batik industry is growing rapidly. Efforts to protect the environment are increasing fast as well. This makes both of them go in line. In one of batik producers residing in Kampung Batik Laweyan, the process of making batik needs raw and supporting materials, both of which contain chemicals potentially dangerous to the environment. Assessment methods, such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC), to determine the value of the environmental impact are, therefore, needed. LCA and LCC are used to assess the level of product eco-efficiency. The eco-efficiency combines concepts of economic efficiency and efficiency of environmental resources. Based on assessment of 3,120 pieces of batik cabut product, it is found that scores of life cycle assessment (SLCA) and of life cycle cost (SLCC) are 4,049.15 points and IDR 146,437,138.29, respectively. Improvements proposed in this research are by replacing synthetic dyes with natural ones and by substituting wood with LPG. The proposal can reduce the environmental impact as much as 6.65%.Nowadays, the development of batik industry is growing rapidly. Efforts to protect the environment are increasing fast as well. This makes both of them go in line. In one of batik producers residing in Kampung Batik Laweyan, the process of making batik needs raw and supporting materials, both of which contain chemicals potentially dangerous to the environment. Assessment methods, such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC), to determine the value of the environmental impact are, therefore, needed. LCA and LCC are used to assess the level of product eco-efficiency. The eco-efficiency combines concepts of economic efficiency and efficiency of environmental resources. Based on assessment of 3,120 pieces of batik cabut product, it is found that scores of life cycle assessment (SLCA) and of life cycle cost (SLCC) are 4,049.15 points and IDR 146,437,138.29, respectively. Improvements proposed in this research are by replacing synthetic dyes with natural ones and by substituting wood with LPG. ...


With the passage of landmark federal laws, equal access to technology for all students, regardless of their abilities, has been getting increasing attention in the field of education. Although considering a continuum of assistive technology (AT) items and services for individuals with disabilities is a mandated practice, education and rehabilitation professionals are faced with challenges of providing effective AT service delivery due to lack of clear legal and practical guidelines. This article presents an overview of current AT services including service delivery models, universal design, effects of AT devices on students with disabilities, and issues and challenges in providing AT services. An embedded preliminary case study that explored how some of the education and rehabilitation agencies deliver AT services indicated that funding is the major issue, followed by lack of family participation, availability of devices, and lack of AT qualified personnel.


The possibility of psychoanalytical action (where psychoanalytical action is done through interpretation) implies a clear and basic reference to the fundamentals of metapsychology, which include the theory of the message, the theory of the fundamental anthropological situation, and that of translation in the psychoanalytical dialogue. The deferred action effect is always a function of these presuppositions.


More than any other of his six monographs, Michael Fried's most recent book Why Photography Matters as Art asNever Before is of particular personal significance to its author.One need only turn to the book's index where the uncommonly long list of entries under the author's own name suggests a high degree of self scrutiny. In fact, aside from the two contemporary photographers Jeff Wall and Andreas Gursky, the single largest entry in the book's index is 'Fried, Michael'. IfWhy Photography Matters sometimes reads like a self-generated festschrift, this is because it purports to reconcile the two poles of the author's career as a published writer. The modernist art critic from the 1960s, remembered in particular for his high-minded denunciation of minimalism (or 'literalism' as he continues to refer to it), is for the first time reconciled in Why Photography Matters with the art historian researching eighteenthand nineteenthcentury painting. Indeed, this particular reconciliation has been a long time coming, since echoes of Fried's negative evaluation of the 'theatricality' of minimalism in his essay 'Art and Objecthood' (1967) have appeared throughout his art historical studies, with Absorption and Theatricality as the landmark volume. Together with his books on Manet, Courbet and Caravaggio, Absorption and Theatricality seems to have been driven by the need to find an external art historical source for this early art critical opposition to minimalism. Thus having elaborated his own antitheatrical account of the history of European painting from the eighteenth century until the birth of modernism in the midnineteenth century,Why PhotographyMatters claims to close the loop with a comparable antitheatricality in contemporary large-scale photography.


Remote hydrogen plasma exposure is used to study the transport of atomic hydrogen, H0, through reoxidized‐nitrided oxides and SiO2 and to quantify H0‐induced degradation of their interfaces with silicon. It is directly demonstrated that (1) H0 is extremely reactive and produces large numbers of interface states; (2) the transport of H0 to the silicon/oxide interface is strongly suppressed in reoxidized‐nitrided oxides; and (3) this suppression of the H0 transport is mainly responsible for the much slower interface degradation of reoxidized‐nitrided oxides during high‐field, hot‐electron stress as compared to thermal oxide.


This paper reveals reductions of up to 485 t CO2 eq (CO2 equivalent) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of energy origin associated with the water-energy binomial which can be achieved after modernizing and automating a Water User Association (WUA) of over 1780 users with microplots in a total area of 775 ha in southeastern Spain. This case study aims to show how the latest advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) for precision agriculture are being applied efficiently with the implementation of a Smart Agri system, capable of making improvements through the use of renewable energies (64.49% of the total CO2e- avoided), automation in irrigation water management, by applying adequate governance, use of ICTs (731,014 m3 per water footprint reduction with 20.41% of total CO2 eq of associated electrical origin), hydraulic improvements (283,995 m3 per water footprint reduction, 13.77% of the total CO2 eq of associated electrical origin) and reduction of evaporation in reservoirs (26,022 m3 of water by water footprint reduction with 1.33% of the total CO2 eq electrical origin avoided) that act as batteries to accumulate the daily solar energy and enable watering at night, when irrigation is most efficient. It is important to consider the valuable contribution of these artificial green lungs, not only in terms of food for the European Union, but also as a CO2 eq sink that supports the planet's GHGs. As shown in this study, this is made possible by the joint governance led by the Water Users Association (WUA) and co-led by different management organizations with the support of ICT.


University archives are important non-renewable resources which generate an historical record in the process of universities development.Therefore,the archives security plays a key role in the university archives work.The influencing factors of university archives security are analyzed by establishing the theoretical framework of university archives security model.Furthermore,a multi-level and comprehensive university archives security system is constructed in view of the ideological guarantee,management security,legal safeguard system,facilities guarantee,technical and personnel support.


Numerous 3D mesh model has various positions, a number of minute connected components that are repeated in scale and orientation. Each position is defined by the position of at least one reference point per component. For improved encoding of the position of each reference point, given space is divided into segments (Q1-Q4, r1-r3, sq1-sq3), each number of points in the particular segment is determined. When subdivided into cell Q2 child cell r1 having at least n points, suggesting that indicates all points of the parent is the only child cells are added. When indicating that all of the points of the parent is the only child cell, the encoded index of only the child node is not empty, otherwise, is decremented number of in one point of the two child cells encoding It is. The present invention avoids inefficient subdivision of a cell, thus improving the compression efficiency.


Ovarian Oocytes were matured and fertilized in-vitro with frozen-thawed bull sperm capacitated in-vitro .Frozen - thawed sperm were swim up separated in a modified Ca ++ a periods of either 15 min. or 30 min. The insemina ted Oocytes were cultured at 39C 5% Co 2 in air for 20-48h and were then fixed, stained and examined for evidence of maturation and fertilization. The results show t hat a high percentage (96%) of Oocytes to reach metaphase II within 28 hours. It was also observed that the use o f heparin was highly effective in enabling sperm to penetrate Ooc ytes. The proportion of Oocytes fertilized was incr eased significantly as the concentration of heparin in th e capacitation medium increased significantly as th e concentration of heparin in the capacitation medium increased ( 4 .8%, 50.9%, 69.3%, and 83.6% for 0,10,50 and 100 µg/ml, respectively; P ˂0.01 ). The percentage of Oocytes cultured with cow serum developed to 2-4-cells in a significantly greater than those cultured with BSA (63.3% VS 32.1%; P ˂0.01).


"Combination of sports and education" in our cuntry still has systematic hindrance since it was carried out in 1987.Combined with the fact,this article analyzes all of the elements affecting its development,such as conflict between study and training,integrition of sports and education system,revolution of education and concept revertion of leaders,export and import of players,uneven level of the trainers,and lack of the training funds,etc.Then,it offers some countermeasures.


> I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description ["hard-core pornography"]; and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it , and the motion picture involved in this case is not that. [Emphasis added.]
>
> —Justice Potter Stewart, concurring opinion in Jacobellis v. Ohio 378 US 184 (1964), about possible obscenity in The Lovers.

Thus, I know it when I see it became a well-known colloquial expression in which one attempts to categorize an observation that perhaps is subjective or without clearly defined parameters. In this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure , this concept is central in evaluating classification of heart failure hospitalizations because Loehr et al1 describe the comparison of an automated algorithm with a physician reviewer panel who presumably know it when they see it.

Article see p 719

The article is of particular relevance given the increasing importance of accurately assessing events, such as heart failure hospitalizations which, as the authors point out, are a crucial part of clinical research and epidemiology in heart failure. In clinical research, heart failure hospitalizations have become a component of the primary outcome of recent clinical trials to assess the efficacy of new therapies. Of course, it was not always so because early clinical heart failure trials focused on all-cause mortality. Therapies, such as converting enzyme inhibitors, β blockers, and aldosterone antagonists, became standard of care because of their demonstration of life-saving potential.2–4 Because the field has matured in knowledge and treatment, it has become more difficult to prove efficacy in reducing mortality, and it has also become apparent that a large part of the burden of heart failure involves hospitalizations, particularly those related to the disease. …


IBerkeley House, a psychiatric halfway house in Boston affiliated with McLean Hospital, accommodates 23 young adults, most of whom come there after a period of psychiatric hospitalization. It provides a therapeutic milieu for residents who need to live in a structured, supportive, homelike environment before living more independently in the community. The house is managed by a married couple whO live there. Residents work or attend school during the day. The program includes weekly meetings of residents, family-style dinners, and planned social activities. The average length of stay is seven months. During the seven years of operation, we have found the need for an inexpensive program of aftercare services for the exresident who has moved from Berkeley House to the community. Ex-residents, many of whom take apartments together in the Boston area, are encouraged to continue to use the house. Many ex-residents come for dinner or to visit other residents and staff. They can also spend a night at the house if they need extra support during a difficult period. On several occasions ex-residents have moved back into the house for one or two weeks during times of psychological crisis. Such intervention helped stabilize the ex-resident and very often prevented the need for rehospitalization. Four years ago the staff established a specific program to help meet the ex-residents' continuing psychosocial needs and to help them deal with such tasks as handling tenant-landlord relations, budgeting, and getting along with neighbors. The program serves ex-resi-