In order to pass light to the retina the eye lens must remain clear throughout life. Eye lens opacification or cataract is due in part to the extensive accumulation, aggregation, and eventual precipitation of postsynthetically modified proteins from the clear lens milieu. One source of damage is the ultraviolet (UV) light and/or oxygen to which the lens is The young lens is protected against this damage by active antioxidant systems and by proteases that in other tissues or cell types are thought to remove damaged p r o t e i n ~ . ~ . ~ . ~ The observed attenuation of these antioxidant and protease editing systems in old lens tissue is thought to be involved in cataractogenesis. Recent in vitro tests suggested that such photooxidative damage to bulk proteins and proteases can be delayed by enhanced vitamin C (vit C)?,' In order to examine the effect of vit C on lens protein integrity under more physiological conditions, guinea pigs were fed 2.0 mg/day (low, L ) or 50 mg/day (high, H ) vit C for 21 weeks: Guinea pigs, like humans, do not synthesize vit C and hence require vit C in their diet.'.' Lenses were excised and analyzed by HPLC for vit C content? Lens vit C levels were 0.11 and 0.49 mM from animals fed L vit C and H vit C, respectively. In nonirradiated lenses no lens protein pattern differences were observed by SDS-PAGE" and exopeptidase activity was similar (substrate: leucyl-p-nitroanilide [LpNA]; assay conditions: 2.5 mM LpNA in 0.05 M phosphate, pH 7.0, 37"). When lens soluble proteins were exposed to 2.5 x lo-' watt cm-2 UVA, 0.4 X watt cm-2 UVB for 4 h, exopeptidase activity decreased in both H vit C and L vit C soluble proteins (FIG. 1). As in in vitro tests, protease inactivation is noted before aggregate formation is observed. However, at each of the times monitored the percentage of dark control activity in L vit C samples was significantly lower @ > 0.05) than in the H vit C preparations. SDS-PAGE revealed that after UV exposure high molecular weight protein aggregate formation in H vit C homogenates is delayed compared to L vit C homogenates (FIG. 2). These results indicate that dietary vit C


To meet the needs of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) Ad Hoc network connectivity and lowering nodes power consumption,the topology control over the network structure is implemented through a cluster - based topology control algorithm framework,by adjusting the transmission powers of every node.The framework consists of cluster formation,intra - cluster topology control and inter - cluster topology control.Every phase can adopt different algorithms according to different connectivity needs and optimization targets.Under the circumstance of 1 - connectivity and MINMAX optimization,the Lowest - ID algorithm is adopted for clusters formation,CONNECT algorithm for intra - cluster topology control,and BIMAXMATCHING algorithm for inter - cluster topology control.Above algorithms are introduced in detail,and validated through the simulation experiment.


This study aimed at: (1) Examining the impact of intellectual capital on corporate value and firm financial performance; (2) Examining the impact of physical capital, human capital, and structural capital on corporate value and financial performance; (3) Examining the influence of financial performance towards the corporate value; and (4) Investigating the mediating effect of financial performance on the impact of intellectual capital on corporate value.
The VAICTM (Pulic, 1998) forms the underlying measurement basis for the three major independent variables in the present study. VAICTM is an analytical procedure designed to enable management, shareholders and other relevant stakeholders to effectively monitor and evaluate the efficiency of VA by a firm's total resources and each major resource component. This study uses PBV and PER to proxy corporate value. The financial performance is represented by profitability and growth which are measured by ROA, ROE, DER, EG, and AG. According to Firer and Williams (2003), finance and service sector industries have intensive intellectual capital. This research employed 110 samples financial statements of finance and service companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange which are selected by purposive sampling. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was used to test 6 hypotheses in this study.
This study employed Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 16 for analyzing the data. The hypothesis test shows that (1) intellectual capital has no significant effect on corporate value, (2) VACA has negative impact on corporate value while VAHU and STVA has no significant impact on corporate value, (3) intellectual capital has positively significant effect on financial performance, (4) VACA and VAHU have positive impact on financial performance. Meanwhile, STVA has no significant effect on financial performance, (5) Financial performance has no positive effect on corporate value, and (6) Financial performance mediates the impact of intellectual capital on corporate value.


As the degree of informationization is enhancing continually and people need more and more demands,software also becomes more complicated than before,thus,it consumedly increases the difficulty in the design and development of software.Firstly,it introduces the basic idea,principle and function of principal component analysis method,and then analyses application value and feasibility of principal component analysis method to software static testing.Finally,it performs a detailed case in terms of the method,gets the good result,the method helps the developers and testers achieve some ability to identify some function and module with high complexity and risk in the software static analysis.


A study dedicated to Iulia Flavia, daughter of Tito Flavio through both literary, epigraphic, numismatic and iconographic sources. The evolution of his personality and image is analyzed in the three fundamental stages of his life: adolescence, youth in his evolution to maturity and, after his death, his consecratio as diua. Its possible projection and transcendence as a nexus and link between her predecessors, especially Livia, and the later ladies of the Aelia Antonina dynasty are also examined.


Task-switching paradigms consistently show an age-related increase in mixing cost i.e., older adults show a greater increase in RT on repeat trials in mixed-task blocks as compared to single task blocks. We examined changes in mixing cost in four age groups spanning across the adult lifespan using a cued trials switching paradigm. We compared behavioral variables and latent variables derived from evidence accumulation models of speed-accuracy trade-off against electrophysiological variables measuring preparation for an impending repeat trial and stimulus processing. Increasing age was associated with a higher RT and greater
RT variance mixing cost but smaller error mixing cost, suggestive of age-related changes in speed-accuracy tradeoff. Diffusion model parameters indicated a more conservative
decision process under mixed-task conditions in older adults. Cue-locked ERPs showed a prolongation of the mixingpositivity across the lifespan and this was associated with
greater criterion increase for mixed-repeat trials. Stimuluslocked ERPs showed gradual changes in the mixing effect across the lifespan and this was associated with drift rate
reduction for mixed-repeat trials. The results suggest that the early emergence of strategic differences in response criterion may modulate preparatory processes. These do not adversely affect behavioral performance until slowing of the rate of evidence accumulation in older adults makes this strategy ineffective. The analysis strategy used here indicates that diffusion model parameters and ERP measures are complementary approaches that can illuminate the processes that contribute to age-related cognitive changes.


An integrated modelling approach combining optimisation models with simulation is proposed for coordinated raw material management at steel works throughout the whole supply chain management process. The integrated model is composed of three components: ship scheduling, yard operation simulation and material blending models. The ship scheduling model determines which brands, how much and when they should be arrived, and the problem is modelled as mixed integer linear programming. The simulation model is used to simulate the whole processes from ships' arrivals to the retrieval of the materials through the berthing and unloading the raw materials. Finally, the raw material blending model is developed for determining the brand and quantity of raw materials to be used. The proposed integrated modelling approach for raw material management has been successfully implemented and applied at steelwork to provide shipping schedules and predict future inventory levels at stock yards. By coordinating all the activities throughout the entire raw material supply chain management process, this article proposes an integrated approach to the problem and suggests a guideline by the appropriate simplification. The quantitative nature of the optimisation model and simulation facilitates an assessment of the risk factors in the supply chain, leading to an evaluation of a wide variety of scenarios and the development of multiple contingency plans. Further research is expected to supplement the ship scheduling models with heuristics for the idiosyncratic constraints of maritime transportation.


DISCLAIMER
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

PURPOSE
Inaccurate and nonspecific medication alerts contribute to high override rates, alert fatigue, and ultimately patient harm. Drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts often fail to account for factors that could reduce risk; further, drugs that trigger alerts are often inconsistently grouped into value sets. Toward improving the specificity of DDI alerts, the objectives of this study were to (1) highlight the inconsistency of drug value sets for triggering DDI alerts and (2) demonstrate a method of classifying factors that can be used to modify the risk of harm from a DDI.

METHODS
This was a proof-of-concept study focused on 15 well-known DDIs. Using 3 drug interaction references, we extracted 2 drug value sets and any available order- and patient-related factors for each DDI. Fleiss' kappa was used to measure the consistency of value sets among references. Risk-modifying factors were classified as order parameters (eg, route and dose) or patient characteristics (eg, comorbidities and laboratory results).

RESULTS
Seventeen value sets (56%) had nonsignificant agreement. Agreement among the remaining 13 value sets was on average moderate. Thirty-three factors that could reduce risk in 14 of 15 DDIs (93%) were identified. Most risk-modifying factors (67%) were classified as order parameters.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the importance of increasing the consistency of drug value sets that trigger DDI alerts and how alert specificity and usefulness can be improved with risk-modifying factors obtained from drug references. It may be difficult to operationalize certain factors to reduce unnecessary alerts; however, factors can be used to support decisions by providing contextual information.


Recent reports in the UK on the state of social work practice with children have concluded that the child is often absent from assessment processes. Local and national governments have been working to address this absence through the implementation of standardised frameworks and assessment tools and more profoundly through the reformation of social work. Nonetheless, and certainly in high-risk cases, social workers will continue to work in conditions where 'seeing' is a complex matter. Children will continue to be hidden, held in the distance, situated in the background—and, in the deaths I draw upon in this research, masked behind front doors, food and clothing. In this paper, I argue that our knowledge of the body in practice must incorporate such realities. I suggest that, in order for social workers to 'see' the child, they must adopt a more gradated understanding of the body. I apply inter-disciplinary literature on movement and dance choreography, demonstrating that such literature can help us to understand the child's body in a more situated and direct way.


Author: Amanda Ljungdahl
Title: "We grow people as well." A qualitative study of the value of horticultural projects for socially vulnerable groups. [Translated title].
Supervisor: David Hoff
Assessor: Malinda Andersson

The aim of this study was to examine the value of social and therapeutic horticultural projects for socially vulnerable individuals, regarding both how horticultural activities affect their mental health and what meaning the participants put down to the group as a social cohesion. This study is based on interviews with four participants from two different social and therapeutic horticultural projects. The results showed that the projects had made the participants feel healthier. The projects worked as a support for structure in the everyday life, something that also was necessary to keep the horticultural activities in phase with the growing season. This structure was seen as important by the participants. The projects also had a social function, working with the projects helped the participants feel they could deal with everyday struggles and it was also as a means for them to develop their own social skills. The interviewees described what it meant to be able to follow the whole process in the garden, from planning to growing and harvesting, something that had very positive connotations for them. The interviewees also described what it meant for them to learn the theory behind gardening, to have a responsible position and overall to "get the bigger picture." I relate this to that the participants feel the opposite of alienation in the way their participation in the projects is shaped.


This paper mainly investigated English Monolingual Dictionary (EMD) use among second year students of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur (UTMKL) International Campus. The researchers wanted to discover the students' habit and attitude in EMD use; their knowledge with regard to the language learning resources available in EMD; their skill in using EMD, and finally, to discover whether they received any formal instruction in EMD use when they were studying in their former schools and tertiary education. A total of 169 students took part in the survey by answering a questionnaire. The results of the study suggest that the respondents were poor users of EMD. They rarely consulted the EMD; their knowledge of the language learning resources in the EMD was limited; most perceived their EMD skill as average, and there was no instruction in EMD when they were at tertiary education and previously when they were at school.


Steel and iron making industries have been driven by the requirements of maintaining or improving product quality and minimization of production costs. Within this requirement the overall energy management and energy efficiency play important roles. The choice of combustion technology for furnaces in steelworks is one of the key factors in minimization of energy consumption per unit of product. To meet the higher requirements it is necessary to improve existing furnace by optimising the efficiency and by reducing the pollutant production of burners and combustion chambers. One of the solutions is the replacement of the existing conventional combustion technology by the so-called "advanced" commercially available combustion techniques. The objectives of the paper is one the rotary hearth furnace wquipped with conventional combustion technologies to choose the optimal combustion technique under which the furnace should be operated in order to maximize the efficiency and minimize the pollutant emissions, taking into account the profitability of the investment i.e. the payback period. One of the solutions in the replacement of the existing conventional combustion technology by the so-called "advanced" commercially available combustion techniques. This paper presents the bases for a comparative analysis between the three incoming commercial offers with three different combustion technologies.


Ultrathin ferroelectric P(VDF/TrFE(72/28) films were used in the fabrication of metal-ferroelectric polymer-metal single bit device with special emphasis on the formation of uniform film surface, faster dipole switching time under an external electric field, and longer memory retention time. FTIR-GIRAS and AFM were used complementarily in analyzing the changes in chain orientation and surface crystalline morphology with varying sample preparation methods. It was found that the magnitudes of remnant polarization and coercive field are highly related to the degree of chain orientation along the conductive substrate surface. The cast- annealed sample showed the highest polarization and the smallest coercive field. DC-EFM technique was successfully used to 'write and erase' the data bit on the ultrathin P(VDF/TrFE) film by applying a dc bias voltage much larger than coercive voltage with different polarities and the data bit state could be read by measuring the piezoelectric response of the cantilever with a lock-in amplifier by applying an ac modulating voltage whose Vpp is much less than the coercive voltage.


We propose a new model that resembles Algorand's mechanism that selects a committee at each synchronous round to govern the stateless progression of its consensus algorithm. We consider an infinite set of authenticated processors in a synchronous round-by-round model. At each round 𝑟 an adversary chooses an unknown, finite committee 𝐶 𝑟 . Unlike Algorand, no information is known about the size of the committee. The committee can send messages to the whole universe, while processors outside the committee at the round do not send messages at all. Moreover, the adversary partitions the committee into a set of good processors 𝐺 𝑟 and a set of processors 𝐹 𝑟 that it impersonates during round 𝑟 . If we fix 𝐹 𝑟 to be static, i.e. the same in all rounds, we obtain an idealized version of the Sleepy Model of Pass and Shi. If both 𝐺 𝑟 and 𝐹 𝑟 are static and are additionally known to the processors, we obtain the traditional, synchronous Authenticated Byzantine Agreement Model. Assuming that a majority of the committee is good in each round, we show that consensus is solvable de-terministically if the union of all sets 𝐹 𝑟 is bounded. We also show that consensus is solvable probabilistically even if both 𝐺 𝑟 and 𝐹 𝑟 change without bounds. Those are surprising and mathematically pleasing results because, contrary to the traditional, eventually-synchronous model, there is no resiliency gap between the static and non-static cases (in the traditional model, resiliency degrades from half under synchrony to one third under eventual synchrony). Moreover, these results are new even for the special case of the Sleepy Model.


The article discusses Leopold Méyet's selected letters to Eliza Orzeszkowa from the period 1878–1910. The original manuscripts are kept in the Eliza Orzeszkowa Archive in the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Leopold Méyet was an attorney, writer, publisher, social activist and philanthropist of Jewish descent, and he lived in Warsaw in the second half of the nineteenth century. Orzeszkowa then resided in Grodno. Méyet's letters do not represent a high literary quality, and should rather be considered as a collection of personal details about the author and the addressee, recounting his efforts to publish Orzeszkowa's works or his struggles with the Russian administration and censorship. Méyet also portrays the people of his time, looks at the social and political events and discusses the significance of literature or the status of a writer. A specific concern of some of the letters is Orzeszkowa's place in Polish literature toward the end of the nineteenth century.


Plant transcriptional factors containing homeodomain are frequently involved in developmental processes. They are divided into eight sub-families according to sequence conservation and structure in and outside the homeodomain: Zinc-finger homeobox, Bell, Knox, Wuschellike, HD-ZipI, -II, -III, e -IV. Recent studies have shown that homeobox genes are also involved in transcriptional regulation of stress response in plants. Expression analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana genes Athb5, -6, 7, -12 (HD-ZipI sub-family) and the sunflower putative ortologue Hahb-4, suggest that these genes may regulate growth in response to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in water deficit conditions and also enhance tolerance to drought. In this work, we searched for potential homeobox genes in the "Genoma Café" Sequencing Project Consortium database, and used phylogenetic methods to classify those among the well-established groups found in A. thaliana. To identify genes differentially expressed and also tissue-specific, we conducted a digital expression analysis. Three contigs with expression patterns apparently influenced by water stress were chosen for further analysis. We renamed these genes based on similarities with A. thaliana genes: Cahat22, Cahb12 and Cahb1. Expression levels of these three homeobox genes were analyzed by real-time PCR (qPCR) in Coffea arabica plants submitted to water deficit. Our results were in agreement with the digital northern data, and all coffee homeobox genes had expression modulated under water deficit conditions in leafs, stems and roots, showing different patterns of expression for each one. The qPCR expression analysis of distinct roots regions and in situ hybridization allowed us to reveal the expression pattern in distinct developmental stages as well spatial localization of Cahb12 and Cahb1 mRNAs: Cahb12 is preferentially expressed in lateral roots, and in the beginning of primary root, while Cahb1 shows conspicuous expression along this organ. Both genes were repressed in the portion of primary root closer to the root apical meristem. The results of in situ hybridization experiments revealed that Cahb12 and Cahb1 are expressed exclusively in root phloem.


Various quantitative analyses have stressed the connection between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and low political participation. The general argument behind these studies was that since political participation is crucial for democracy, and since low SES compromises political participation, liberal democratic governments cannot afford such a compromise. This paper argues that presenting political participation as a democratic value, corresponding to a 'positive' right, places the implied argumentation of such studies in a potential conflict with classical liberalism and its contemporary 'successors', emphasizing 'negative' rights alone. However, the tension can be reconciled by employing the political thought of John Locke, one of the forefathers of classical liberalism. Thus, the paper illuminates a strong bond in Locke's thought between democratic political participation and liberal natural rights. In fact, I argue that it is precisely his advocacy of liberal rights that leads to a conception of political participation, converging with democratic theory and redistributive policies.


The analysis of the features of homeostatic markers and genetic polymorphism in women of fertile age, whose anamnesis is characterized by the presence of reproductive disorders in the form of miscarriage associated with the excessive contamination of biomedia with hydroxybenzene of technogenic origin. Changes in the parameters of regulation and metabolism were revealed in the form of an increase in the level of phosphorus, AST to the upper limit of the norm, and a decrease in the level of total cholesterol. It was found that the C allele and the C/C genotype of peroxisome gene PPARG Pro12Ala rs1801282 act as factors of undesirable reproductive events (miscarriage). At the same time, the G/G genotype of the SULT1A1 gene Arg213His rs9282861 acts as a factor associated with the conditions of increased blood contamination with phenol, abolishing the synthesis of sex steroid, modifying lipoprotein metabolism with a drop in total cholesterol in women with miscarriage.


Objective To investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics and symptom duration of transient ischemic attacks (TIA).Methods A retrospective review of the clinical records of TIA patients was extracted from the database of Nanjing Stroke Registry Program (NSRP).One hundred and seventy-two consecutive TIA patients consistent with research scheme were enrolled.They were divided into short duration group (1 hour) and long duration group (1 hour to24 hours).The clinical characteristics of the 2 groups were assessed.Results Atrial fibrillation (AF) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) abnormality were seen more frequently in long duration group than in short duration group (P0.05).Multiple TIA (number of attack≥2) was more frequent in short duration group than in long duration group (P0.01).There was no significant difference in intracranial and extracranial large artery disease between the 2 groups (P0.05).Conclusion AF and DWI are associated with long duration TIA.Multiple TIA is associated with short duration TIA.The corresponding etiology examination should be performed in TIA patients according to different duration.


Objective To investigate the role of E-cadherin gene mutation in human non-small cell lung cancer. Methods 53 specimens from primary site of non-small cell lung cancer tissues and 5 specimens from tissues of other benign or malignant lung diseases were studied for the mutation of the gene E-cadherin by means of PCR-SSCP. Results Altogether there were 3 cases of E-cadherin gene mutation. The analysis revealed that its mutation was correlated to the status of lymph node metastasis. But its mutation was found not significance as to cell types or the status of tumor in the primary site, nor between NSCLC and other benign and malignant lung diseases. Conclusion The mutation of the E-cadherin gene can be adequately used to forebode the status of lymph node metastasis of NSCLC.


Caches play an important role in embedded systems by bridging the performance gap between high speed processors and slow memory. At the same time, caches introduce imprecision in Worst-case Execution Time (WCET) estimation due to unpredictable access latencies. Modern embedded processors often include cache locking mechanism for better timing predictability. As the cache contents are statically known, memory access latencies are predictable, leading to precise WCET estimate. Moreover, by carefully selecting the memory blocks to be locked, WCET estimate can be reduced compared to cache modeling without locking. Existing static instruction cache locking techniques strive to lock the entire cache to minimize the WCET. We observe that such aggressive locking mechanisms may have negative impact on the overall WCET as some memory blocks with predictable access behavior get excluded from the cache. We introduce a partial cache locking mechanism that has the flexibility to lock only a fraction of the cache. We judiciously select the memory blocks for locking through accurate cache modeling that determines the impact of the decision on the program WCET. Our synergistic cache modeling and locking mechanism achieves substantial reduction in WCET for a large number of embedded benchmark applications.


Summary Eighteen doses of 0.25, 1.0, 4.0 and 8.0 I.U. of crystalline progesterone were given, simultaneously with 120 I.U. of estrone, to immature male rabbits during a period of 4 weeks. Of these 4 levels of progesterone, the 1.0 I.U. dose synergized best although the prolactational proliferation induced was not maximal. The 4.0 and 8.0 I.U. doses of progesterone were apparently inhibiting as shown by the relatively poor mammary growth obtained.


Colour group portrait photograph of four men and three women, mounted in a 'Barkers of Kensington' card folder. A handwritten note on the mount identifies the occasion as 'Carlow A[ssociation] a[nnual] d[inner] 1978'. Photograph by B C Lockyer, copyright B C Lockyer.


The invention belongs to pharmaceutical synthesis fields, the impurity and preparation method thereof being related in production of raw medicine technique, more particularly to a kind of process contaminants A for treating the drug Fimasartan potassium (i.e. thio 6 methyl 3 [[2 ' (5 base of 1H tetrazoliums) biphenyl, 4 base] methyl] (3H) ketone of pyrimidine 4 sylvite of formyl methyl of 2 butyl, 5 dimethylamino) of hypertension, B, C and D and their preparation method and applications are in the purposes of the quality research of the hydrate and potassium containing Fimasartan of Fimasartan potassium or Fimasartan potassium or the composition of the hydrate of Fimasartan potassium.The structure of compound A, B, C and D are as follows:


Since 1965 the suprasternal ( S ) approach has routinely been used for thymectomy in Uppsala and Stockholm. During the same period the transsternal (T) method (median sternotomy) has been used in Gothenburg. A three-year follow-up study for comparing these two methods was made. This retrospective study has been made possible since a ) the authors have cooperated in the development of a clinical score system for the evaluation of MG patients, b) all patient data were fed into a common data base making possible patient selection through strictly defined criteria, c) patient material, clinical practise and physicians' experience were comparable in the three centers, and d) indications for thymectomy were similar in the three centers.


The computerized trip system has been in use since August, 1985, at the CIL Ammonia II plant. Superior reliability, essential avoiding unnecessary shutdowns, while protecting the plant from accident, is obtained through use of a fault-tolerant configuration.


Heterogeneous architectures can improve the performance of applications with computationally intensive, data-parallel operations. Even when these architectures may reduce the execution time of applications, there are opportunities for additional performance improvement as the memory hierarchy of the central processor cores and the graphics processor cores are separate. Applications executing on heterogeneous architectures must allocate space in the GPU global memory, copy input data, invoke kernels, and copy results to the CPU memory. This scheme does not overlap inter-memory data transfers and GPU computations, thus increasing application execution time. This research presents a software architecture with a runtime pipeline system for GPU input/output scheduling that acts as a bidirectional interface between the GPU computing application and the physical device. The main aim of this system is to reduce the impact of the processor-memory performance gap by exploiting device I/O and computation overlap. Evaluation using application benchmarks shows processing improvements with speedups above 2x with respect to baseline, non-streamed GPU execution.


THE INHERITANCE OF A MALE STERILITY FACTOR IN KENAF, HIBISCUS CANNABINUS L. KENAF has been classified on several occasions as a self-pollinated crop.'' More recently it has been shown that considerable natural crossing due to insects occurs in Cuba, and it has been pointed out that under such conditions kenaf should be classified as an often crosspollinated crop.' 5 In Florida insect activity among flowering kenaf plants is high and it appears that conclusions reached in Cuba regarding natural crossing would apply to Florida, conditions.


Better health enables greater wealth. And digital health enables better healthcare. Also across resource-constraint countries digital health applications are becoming more prevalent. To establish a resilient national or district Digital Health Ecosystem, not only a holistic strategy – based on health policy priorities – is mandatory, but it must also be followed by a realistic roadmap and its comprehensive implementation,taking into account the success factors needed for its long-term sustainability and growth.A key challenge in this context is that deployed eHealth systems are usually in silos, such that no system or application is integrated with another. It is the missing interoperability of the many siloed systems which constitutes a core barrier towards reaping greater benefits from digital health. To successfully transform the provision of quality healthcare services it is mandatory to put into place an open digital health platform that comprehensively integrates eHealth services across all healthcare facilities in a timely, efficient and seamless manner. The open platform concept and its technical approach are developed, and core elements and aspects are critically explored. A constituent complement of such an open approach is a detailed interoperability framework which must be adhered to by all services and applications coordinated via the platform. The key question in this context of how to determine interoperability requirements is briefly discussed. This is complemented by identifying leading open source eHealth software products available and being applied in emerging market and developing economies around the world.Digital health is different from almost any other sector. By identifying the challenges encountered in healthcare the discussion reviews how the open platform approach helps to overcome these barriers, and identifies important pitfalls to be avoided.


Finite element equations representing the behavior of piezoelectric materials when bounded to a typical structure and used as sensors and actuators were developed. Emphasis was placed on generating sensor output equations of piezoelectric sensors and responses of a typical structure bonded with piezoelectric sensors and actuators on the basis of finite element formulation. The model can predict not only structural responses due to both mechanical and electrical loading but also electrical potential due to mechanical or thermal effects. The resulted finite element equations were then used for simple control design and performance evaluation. In the control algorithm, voltages coming out from piezoelectric sensors, which are proportional to strains at sensing locations, are taken as input. The voltages applied to the piezoelectric actuators are used as output. The feasibility of integrating control algorithm with the element routine developed herein and FEAP was demonstrated. In particular, optimal independent modal space control was implemented in a software package on the basis of finite element formulation. A rudimentary finite element-control algorithm package was also developed to evaluate the performance of candidate control laws. A few numerical simulations using the software package developed herein were given. The integrated software package will provide a design tool to address issues such as how adaptive smart systems will scale to a full size aircraft, the amount of piezoelectric materials and the powers needed to actuate it for desired performance. It will also provide a viable new structural control design concept for practical applications in large flexible structures such as aerospace vehicles and aircraft.


The phasecorrelation algorithm--as a method for motion estimation--is an important component of an HDTV system. The advantage of hardware realization of this algorithm for efficient real time processing--in opposite to blockmatching--is the possibility to process multiple pixels per system clock cycle. A suitable partition for a phasecorrelation chipset is going to be proposed. To minimize the motion estimators physical volume all external components except RAMs, have been integrated on three specialized chips.


Objective: To compare the microleakage of Poss composite inlays and another three usual composite inlays in order to get a better choice in clinic.Methods: 40 healthy maxillary premolars were randomly assigned to 4 groups 10 in each.We made composite resin inlays using Poss,Z250,Solidex and Solitaire2.They were preserved in constant temperature,dyed,cut twice and then observed microleadge by stereomicroscope.Results: The smallest marginal microleakage was the teeth restored by Poss composite inlay and the other three had no difference.Conclusion: Poss composite can be used in clinic.


Focusing properties of the vector vortex-bearing beams are investigated theoretically by vector diffraction theory. Simulation results show that the intensity distribution in focal region can be altered considerably by adjusting topological charge m and the numerical aperture(NA) of the focusing optical system. Focal pattern evolves from one focal spot to two overlapped intensity peaks1.The two overlapped intensity peaks separate with increasing topological charge m, which leads to the focal splitting. And focal split appears in focal evolution show that the topological charge of the vector vortex-bearing beams influences the focal intensity distribution considerably, and some novel focal patterns appear.


The utility model relates to a smoke and dust purifying device which relates to the improvement of a smoke-eliminating dust-removing device. The utility model comprises a tower body, and the tower body comprises an air inlet, an air outlet and a dust removing opening. The utility model has the essential structure that a high voltage generator is respectively connected with a discharge electrode plate and a dust collecting electrode plate which are on the top of the tower body, a water pipe is connected with a water nozzle of the top of the tower body, and the flank side of the water pipe is provided with a pump, a strong magnetic pipe and a high frequency oscillator. The utility model can raise fume purifying efficiency and save a great amount of equipment.


When a road accident occurs, the laws of physics govern the behaviour of the vehicles involved. Their mass and velocity and the structural characteristics and the condition of the road and road furniture determine how the vehicles respond. The laws of physics also determine what happens to the occupants inside the occupant cell. Seatbelts, airbags and the behaviour of the roof, seat and other structures all play a part in a complex chain of events. When the laws of physics are applied to the largely international rules governing the design of the structure of cars it is found that the rules are inadequate, often by a large margin. Other serious deficiencies are also noted. If these rules are inadequate there is an obvious conflict between the laws of the land and the laws of physics. This contradiction should be eliminated.


This research explores and describes the demand-supply chain management (DSCM) concept from both a theoretical and practical perspective by determining what key principles that characterize the con ...


Based on the synchronous tracking magnetic field method,a novel electromagnetic levitation micro-actuator with multiple degrees of freedom was designed.The levitation unit and drive one of the micro-actuator are independent each other.Then an electromagnetic levitation micro-motion method was presented in one structure with integration of drive,measurement and control.After the mechanics relationships of the mcrio-actuator were analyzed,the mathematical models of movement state were derived in multiple degrees of freedom.The measurement and control system for the micro-actuator was constructed with eddy current sensors and a DSP controller.The experimental results show that the micro-actuator has the advantages of better stability and actuation ability and the mechanics analysis of the micro-actuator is reasonable.


Linoleic acid (18:2(n-6)) is an essential fatty acid, and it is the parent fatty acid for all other fatty acids belonging to the n-6 fatty acid family, e.g. γ-linolenic acid (18:3(n-6), dihomo-γ- linolenic acid (20:3(n-6), arachidonic acid (20:4(n-6)), and adrenic acid (22:4(n-6)). The traditional symptoms seen after prolonged dietary deficiency of (n-6)-fatty acids, e.g. increased trans-epidermal water loss, scaly skin, hair loss and poor growth, can all be ascribed to a lack of linoleic acid in special O-acylated ceramides, which constitute part of the lipid structure of the lamellar membranes between the cornocytes in stratum corneum of the epidermis. These extracellular lamellar membranes form together with the cornocytes a significant part of the water permeability barrier of the skin. Other deficiency symptoms, e.g. kidney failure, may possibly be explained by specific functions of arachidonic acid and/or its derivatives. For young growing animals, including humans, a dietary intake of 1 energy% of linoleic acid should be enough to prevent the appearance of these deficiency symptoms. Linoleic acid is found in high amounts in most vegetable oils like safflower oil, sunflower oil, and corn oil while olive oil and rapeseed oil contain lesser amounts. The estimated dietary requirement for linoleic acid is less than 2 energy%, but the dietary intake of linoleic acid in Western societies is generally much higher (4–12 energy%). Thus, deficiency of linoleic acid is practically non-existing in the populations of the well-nourished Western societies. Beside these essential functions, metabolites of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid seems also be involved in regulating different biochemical processes important for skin function, e.g. skin inflammation, sebum formation and cell proliferation and differentiation. However, our scientific knowledge concerning these areas is at present too scattered to suggest specific use of any (n-6)-fatty acid for treatment of various skin diseases.


We present an analysis of the quantum state resulting from the dissociation of diatomic molecules prepared in a condensate vortex state. The many-body state preserves the rotational symmetry of the system in quantum correlated states by having two equally populated components with angular momentum adding to unity. A simple two-mode analysis and a full quantum field analysis are presented for the case of noninteracting atoms and weak depletion of the molecular condensate.


I construct the measures of technology capital and country openness, as introduced by McGrattan and Prescott (2007a), for the US economy and the rest of the world for 1976-2005. The key assumption behind the estimation is that the net rates of return on both tangible and technology capital are equalized within a country. The ratio of technology capital and tangible capital is estimated to be about one fourth for both the US economy and for the rest of the world. US economy is also found to be less open than the rest of the world, although the difference has been diminishing, especially before 1990. I use the estimates to show that the neoclassical growth model with technology capital successfully explains movements in foreign direct investment in the last thirty years. While the welfare losses from totally closing US economy are found to be only about 0.13% of consumption, the welfare gains from totally opening US economy are much larger: they are equal to 6.9% of consumption.


A binary counter circuit operating at input frequencies beyond 10 megacycles was developed using the new Philco L5122 (2N240) surface barrier transistors. (auth)


Performance appraisal is a fundamental indicator in public accountability to achieve the good governance principles. Hence, this study aims to analyze the performance measurement that can improve performance on government agencies in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted in qualitative approach. The research found that non-integrated models of performance measurement in South Sulawesi are inefficient and ineffective. Inefficiency happens because it uses time and cost resources separately, while being ineffective is because both models focuses on each goal instead on performance goals and the process is not supported by the actual management.


In this study, we present the wind distributions from a long-term offshore met mast and a novel approach based on the measure–correlate–predict (MCP) method from short-term onshore-wind-turbine data. The annual energy production (AEP) and capacity factors (CFs) of one onshore and four offshore wind-turbine generators (WTG) available on the market are evaluated on the basis of wind-distribution analysis from both the real met mast and the MCP method. Here, we also consider the power loss from a 4-month light detection and ranging (LiDAR) power-curve test on an onshore turbine to enhance the accuracy of further AEP and CF evaluations. The achieved Weibull distributions could efficiently represent the probability distribution of wind-speed variation, mean wind speed (MWS), and both the scale and shape parameters of Weibull distribution in Taiwan sites. The power-loss effect is also considered when calculating the AEPs and CFs of different WTGs. Successful offshore wind development requires (1) quick, accurate, and economical harnessing of a wind resource and (2) selection of the most suitable and efficient turbine for a specific offshore site.


Molecular replacement with the simultaneous use of several search functions may solve the phase problem when the conventional molecular-replacement procedure fails to identify the solution.


Accurate digital elevation model (DEM) can be producted by using interferometric SAR data. The authors have developed a new software on PCs that can automatically generate DEM from single look complex SAR pairs. The least-squares image matching method based on SAR multi-look intensity images has been used to register complex image pair. The typical accuracy of 0.02-0.04 pixel size can be obtained on multi-look SAR images. They also present a new set of equations for calculating three dimensional coordinates at each pixel from unwrapped phases. The orbital position, attitude and baseline as well as phase constant have been involved in the equations. Using at least six ground control points, it is possible to refine interferometric baseline, and estimate the phase constant, the orbit and attitude parameters simultaneously. Test results are provided for ERS-1/2 interferometric SAR scene pair acquired over Etna area in Italy.


Background: Globally, women constitute 30% of researchers. Despite an increasing proportion of women in research, they are still less likely to have international collaborations. Literature on barriers to knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) between men and women, remain limited. This study aimed to elucidate perceived gender barriers to KTE activities in vaccination related research in low, middle- and high-income countries. Methods: This was a cross-sectional data from a self-administered questionnaire distributed to researchers in the field of vaccination research. Structural factors to KTE were assessed using 12 statements measured with 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). An index ranging from 12 to 60 points was created to assess structural factors to KTE, with higher score indicating higher perceived barriers. Linear regression modelling was applied to examine the association between KTE barriers and gender. Results: Regardless of gender, researchers experienced challenges with respect to KTE activities, particularly factors related to the availability of human and financial resources, and level of technical expertise among their target audience. We were also able to identify perceived facilitators among men and women, such as the presence of structures that link researchers and target audiences, the investment of target audiences in KTE efforts and the presence of stable contacts among target audience. Our linear regression analysis showed that women have a reduction of 1.069 in their scores in comparison with men (R2=0.014; B=-1.069; 95%CI -4.035;1.897). Conclusions: Men and women shared common perspectives on barriers to KTE. KTE activities could be strengthened by improving structural efforts to reduce gender differences and increase collaborations between researchers and their target audience.


The maximum transmission range of crossbow wireless sensors are considered and discussed for sensor to sensor on ground level communication, and sensor on ground level to base station on lamppost. Two different crossbow wireless sensors kits operated at 900 MHz and 2400 MHz bands were used. Both indoor and outdoor sensor to sensor communication ranges were performed for one and five different types of environments respectively. The performance of the crossbow mote with four different types of antennas, in term of transmission range was considered. Several measurement results for fixed power transmission of the two operated frequencies were recorded for comparisons.


We are revisiting the use of multi-viewing polarized reflectances to retrieve atmospheric component properties. We will focus first on cloud microphysical retrieval, then will demonstrate the potentiality of such measurements to detect aerosol above clouds.


We consider amplify-and-forward two-way relaying in a multichannel system with two end nodes and a single relay, with a two-slot multiaccess broadcast (MABC) relaying strategy. We investigate the problem of joint subchannel pairing and power allocation to maximize the achievable sum-rate in the network under the individual power constraints. We propose an iterative approach to solve this challenging mixed-integer programming problem by decomposing it into subchannel pairing optimization and joint power allocation optimization, and solving them iteratively. For subchannel pairing at the relay, we show that, unlike in the one-way relaying case, there exists no explicit SNR-based low-complexity subchannel pairing strategy that is optimal for two-way relaying, and the optimal pairing needs to be performed numerically. Nonetheless, we propose an effective low-complexity suboptimal pairing scheme based on an effective SNR metric. For joint power allocation at all nodes, the optimization problem is nonconvex. We propose an iterative procedure to optimize the power at the two end nodes and at the relay iteratively. Using a problem transformation, we show that each power optimization subproblem turns out to be convex and can be solved efficiently. Our proposed iterative procedure is guaranteed to converge to a locally optimal solution. We then generalize our approach to the weighted sum-rate maximization problem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed pairing scheme, as well as the gain of joint optimization approach over other pairing-only or power-allocation-only optimization approaches.


The following problem arose in connection with the study of Poincaré polynomials for homogeneous spaces. Let gi hi positive integers and set d = (h1, h1,…, hk), the greatest common divisors of the exponents in the denominator. Let h i = dr i and assume that the ri′s are comprime in pairs, i.e.


Tenggeer formation and the 1st member of Duhongmu formation are of the features of the fast deposits,near provenance and multiply periods in Daerqi oilfield,where they develop much and complex facies.By studying we conclude that there are three depositional system-alluvial fan,braid delta and lake.Controlled under the favorite(micro) facies,the porosity and permeability of reservoirs are high.And also the favorite(micro)facies match with paying well and middling one.So that the main force(micro) facies is shallow lascustrine sand bar,sheet sand,deep-lake fans,braided channel and slump turbidite fans.Alluvial fan-braid delta-lake,being a transitional facies,has effect on oil(gas) distribution.So that along the slope there are three petroleum zones across NE-SW: higher faulted anticline petroleum zone,middle lithologic-structural petroleum zone and lower structural-lithologic petroleum zone,of which the distribution is different in west and east area.From all above,subtle reservoir formation is the most favorite target for exploring in the lower structural-lithologic petroleum zone.


Precast reinforced concrete (RC) girders with dapped ends are used in order to reduce the overall depths of concrete floors and bridge decking and meet architectural requirements. The structural requirements by reducing the depths of these girders result in stress concentrations within the recessed zones. Thus, girders with dapped ends require special details for the strengthening systems. The use of open transverse holes in RC sections is for the passage of various service lines such as telecommunication cables, gas lines, water pipes, electricity cables, etc. The behaviours of RC girders with dapped ends and openings strengthened by bolts subjected to two vertical concentrated loads were numerically simulated by utilising commercial finite element software ANSYS. The numerical results from the simulated models were identical and compatible with those experimental results stated in literature. The validation of the numerical results with those experimental ones was based on the statistical analysis by including the calculations of the correlation coefficients, arithmetic means, and standard deviations for all the simulated girder models in terms of loads and deflections. The obtained numerical results showed that an increase in the compressive strength of concrete by 20% would cause an increase in the loading resistance of the models by 13% and a decrease in the deflection by 21%, respectively. Also, it was indicated that the type of section, i.e., the change of the section from solid to open (with transverse openings), would decrease the resistance of the section by 8–16% and increase the deflections by 15–20%. Similarly, an increase in the number of holes would result in the decreases in the load resistance by up to 6% and the increases in the deflections by up to 24% under the same applied loads. Strengthening openings using vertical bolts has an important role in enhancing the resistance of the models by 8–20% and decreasing the deflections by 20–30%. The failure patterns were hybrid, e.g., flexure and shear, and identical with the experimental ones. Finally, the effect of using the cylindrical compressive strength of concrete as a mechanical parameter on the structural behaviours of the simulated models was investigated, which could improve the resistance loading and decrease the deflections of the models.


In an experiment, we present 38 marketing and data analysts professionals with two online AI-driven persona interfaces, one using numbers and the other using text. We employ eye tracking, think-aloud, and a post-engagement survey for data collection to measure perception and visual engagement with the personas along 7 constructs. Results show that the use of numbers has a mixed effect on the perceptions and visual engagement of the persona profile, with job role as a determining factor on whether numbers/text affect end users for 2 of the constructs. The use of numbers has a significant positive effect on user perceptions of usefulness by analysts but a significantly negative effect on user perceptions of completeness for both marketers and analysts. The use of numbers decreases the perceived completeness of the personas for both marketer and analysts. This research has both theoretical and practical consequences for AI-driven persona development and their interface design, suggesting that the inclusion of numbers can have a desirable effect for certain roles but with possible negative effects on user perceptions.


ligament with a local auresthetic. The introducer was then passed through the lateral fornix until it struck the uterus, and it was then slightly withdrawn; a 1'5 millicurie radon seed was left in position. By varying the angle a fan-shaped distribution is possible, five seeds being left in each broad ligament. Four seeds were inserted into the anterior and posterior fornices respectively. Eighteen seeds were used in the average case; they were left in for eight days and were removed by gentle traction on their linen threads.


This paper explores some of the ways in which the connection between people and space has changed among the Suku Asli ('Indigenous People') living in Sumatra. The eastern coasts of Sumatra, Indonesia, are low and marshy lands, which are divided by numerous brackish rivers, and covered by vast mangrove forests. This region was a largely unpopulated area where some orang asli ('indigenous') groups and a few Malay people lived before the colonial era. 'Suku Asli' are one of the orang asli groups who were known as 'Orang Hutan' (Forest People) in the past - they lived along the banks as well as estuaries of rivers. Although their space was always somewhat of a 'niche' and did not exhibit any clear boundaries in terms of individual or collective ownership, the Suku Asli were confronted with the necessity to establish the boundaries after the state independence. However, their way of ensuring their land was not a simple one to claim their antecedent right of the land. At first in the 1960s, they joined the government deforestation programmes of hinterland 'for giving lands to our children and grandchildren'. More recently, through the involvements with the 'indigenous movement' and environmentalism, they have tried to claim the rights of economically-worthless coastal marshy lands as their 'ancestral lands'. In this paper, I try to describe the historical changes in the relation between the Suku Asli and the space surrounding them by focusing on the cultural 'logic' that is used to explain and support their connection to it - a 'logic' that enables the Suku Asli to conceptualize their relationship to land as both an embodiment and a manifestation of their collective identity.


Predicting the electric vehicle (EV) charging load is important to the power grid security. Current literature that researches EV charging load prediction rarely considers the specific traffic network and the trip characteristics of the drivers. This paper proposes a prediction method of electric vehicle charging load considering traffic network and travel rules. First, considering the travel rules of taxis and private cars, the travel information is obtained through the Monte Carlo simulation. Then, based on the road topology modeling and the cellular automata driving rules, we can simulate the driving process of the vehicle on the road. This paper mainly focuses on electricity consumption caused by the different speed and the use of air conditioner. The charging decision is determined by specific circumstances. Finally, by analyzing the charging information, we can predict the space-time distribution of the EV charging load.


From January 1, 1977 through December 31, 1978, 529,077 calves were slaughtered at a Wisconsin abattoir. Tissues from 36 calves found unfit for human consumption because of suspected neoplasia were examined histologically, and 19 lymphomas, seven mesotheliomas, one embryonal nephroma, one fibroma and one hemangiosarcoma were found.


The presence a pin fins array in a channel has the ability to enhance heat transfer greatly. That concept is already used in the internal cooling channel present in the trailing edge of some turbine blades. The reasons why fins enhance heat transfer are numerous: i) their presence increases the wetted surface area available to heat transfer ii) they promote higher turbulence levels by breaking up boundary layers which causes mixing and creates high convective thermal coefficients iii) the wetted surface area associated with the fins is characterized by high convective heat transfer coefficients associated with the cylinder in cross flow configuration. The interest of this study is to use our LIGA experience to build a micro heat exchanger (a shroud supported by micro pin fins) around a cylinder, as a simulation of the leading edge region of a turbine blade. Such a heat exchanger can be an alternative to the existing techniques in use for turbine blade cooling. A parallel micro heat exchanger with a staggered array of pin fins (Figure1) was manufactured and is being tested in order to measure the performance with respect to the Reynolds number of the coolant. The heat exchanger is a simple 2 x 2 inch flat channel heat exchanger with a staggered array of micro pin fins 500 μm high, 500 μm diameter and 1250 μm apart in the downstream direction made using a LIGA process. This pure Nickel heat exchanger is tested using an apparatus allowing a uniform heat flux on the top plate and an air coolant flow between the plates. The Reynolds number of the coolant ranges from 5000 to 20000. A similar experiment with a smooth channel (parallel plates with a gap of 500 μm) is also performed in order to validate the testing apparatus. The comparison of the results to a parallel plate heat exchanger without pin fins can demonstrate the expected benefits of the micro heat exchanger. The heat exchanger was customized to fit the shape of a cylinder where the flow conditions approximate those at the leading edge of a turbine blade. A new modified LIGA process was developed to build a shroud around a 3⁄4 inch cylinder (Figure2). The shroud is supported by an array with dimensions similar to those used for the flat heat exchanger. This heat exchanger and a testing facility were built. In the testing procedure, the heat exchanger is exposed to burner rig high temperature gases while internal cooling airflow is provided. The performance versus the Reynolds number is determined. The micro heat exchanger can be compared to other turbine blade cooling schemes. Experimental results are not available at the present time but will be showed on the day of the conference.


This paper introduces a new type automatic high-speed shell-cutting machine for chestnut by original design.The machine is consisted of load plates,pressing mechanism,cutting mechanism and transmission system etc.When the machine is running,chestnuts are positioned conveyor,pressing clamp and continuous cutting.Chestnut shell-cutting is evenly,with adjustable depth.The machine design and test speed of up to 12500-15000A/ h(single channel).


In particular, Theorems 5 and 6 yield the results of [5, §3] for Witt rings of formally real fields and Theorem 7 those of [5, §5] for Witt rings of nonreal fields. By studying subrings of the rings described in Theorems 5-7 and using the results of [2] for symmetric bilinear forms over a Dedekind ring


This research work presents the low cycle fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy stainless steel/Mg-PSZ composite materials. The steel matrix is made of a conventional AISI 304 stainless steel. The ceramic reinforcement consists of MgO (~8 mol%) partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ). The unreinforced steel and composite materials containing 5 vol% and 10 vol% Mg-PSZ, respectively, were produced using hot pressing. The different materials were studied under total strain control at different strain amplitudes in order to clarify the influence of the ceramic reinforcement on the low cycle fatigue behavior. Microstructure investigations were performed to study the resulting deformation structures within the steel matrix and ceramic reinforcement, respectively.


Women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions within sport. One of the most critical aspects of advancing women in leadership positions within sport is the mentoring relationship. As the number of women entering sport increases, a growing number of professionals recognize the inherent benefits and challenges between the mentor and the protégé. This study was designed to identify themes based on key elements of an effective mentoring relationship helping women to advance within leadership positions in sport. A qualitative methodology, meta-ethnography, allowed the researcher to synthesize 15 qualitative studies about mentoring women within sport. These 15 studies were selected by using both content and methodological screening. Each study was read, coded, and analyzed for themes based on the key elements of an effective mentoring relationship. The findings of the study revealed 10 themes and seven implications for female protégés, potential mentors, and organizations to consider when mentoring women within sport.


Objective To establish the content determination method of Icariin in Ruhe Sanjie capsules by HPLC.MethodsHPLC analysis was carried out at the following conditions: Cromasil C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),mobile phase:Acetonitrile-Water(v/v)=30:70,the detection wavelength at 270 nm,the flow rate at 1.0 ml·min-1.ResultsThe standard curve was linear over the range of 10.92~65.52 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9),and the average recovery was 98.30% with RSD of 0.45%(n=6);ConclusionThe method is simple,sensitive and accurate,and available for control of Ruhe Sanjie Capsules.


Review(s) of: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (Anzcerta) and Regional Integration, by Robert Scollay, Christopher Findlay and Uwe Kaufmann, Published by: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 2011, 116pp, S$25.90.


OBJECTIVE: To discuss the important position,role and future development potential of pharmacy department in hospital so as to provide reference for the development of hospital pharmacy.METHODS: In consideration of the developing trend of current hospital pharmacy and the status quo of pharmacy department in the 264th Hospital of PLA,the importance and development potential of hospital department under the new situation were discussed briefly.RESULTS: As an important section of hospital,the pharmacy department is not only a professional skill department but also a functional management department,and it bear the responsibility of drug supplying,outpatient dispensing,inpatient dispensing,preparing of hospital preparations meanwhile carrying the important mission including clinical pharmacy,pharmaceutical research and medication safety etc.CONCLUSION: Hospital pharmacy department should strive to achieve scientific drug control,more importantly,it should develop clinical pharmacy research,pharmacy science research and make full use of modern information technology to provide high quality services for patients in answer to developmental needs under the new situation.


The adoption of the Linked Data principles and technologies has promised to enhance the analysis of statistics at a Web scale. Statistical data, however, is typically organized in data cubes where a numeric fact (aka measure) is categorized by dimensions. Both data cubes and linked data introduce complexity that raises the barrier for reusing the data. The majority of linked data tools are not able to support or do not facilitate the reuse of linked data cubes. In this demo we present the OpenCube Toolkit that enables the easy publishing and exploitation of linked data cubes using visualizations and data analytics.


Presentation of Case A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for electrophysiologic studies because of ventricular tachycardia. There was a long history of a bipolar affective disorder tha...


Solid medical waste at RSU dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan as a consequence of hospital's input, process and output is included to toxic and hazardous type of waste which bring disadvantages to patients, nurses, staff, visitors, surrounding community and management of hospital medical waste. Whether solid medical waste is put in a secure place or not is related to nurses behavior disposing solid medical waste. This observasional study with cross sectional design is aimed to analyze the influences of age, education, working experience, knowledge, attitude, availability of medical waste disposal facilities, access to medical waste information, hospital's policy on medical waste and motivation on nurses action in disposing solid medical waste. The population as well as the samples of study were 200 nurses of the hospital which in their work were potential of producing solid medical waste. The data were collected through questionnaire, check list, interview guide and direct observation. Statiscal analyze is done by using Chi-square and logistic regression test. The result of the study shows that there are 8 (eight) variable influence on the nurses act in disposing solid medical waste, such as; educations, working experience, knowledge, attitude, availability of medical waste disposal facilities, access to medical waste information, hospital's policy on medical waste and motivation on nurses action in disposing solid medical waste with level of significant each variable p value < 0,05. Variable Hospital's policy is the most dominant factor which influence on nurses action in disposing solid medical waste at RSU dr. Pirngadi Hospital in Medan. It is suggested to the hospital to socialize the policies about facilities in disposing solid medical waste, to adjust it with Kepmenkes RI No.1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004 and the hospital's CEO (Chief Executive Office) should control and give award to the rooms and nurse who obey the procedure in dispose solid medical waste in good performance and proper ways. Keyword : Action, solid medical waste


The present invention provides a desalination system on a fishing platform, wave power, based on the system comprising: a heating means; drying means connected to said heating means; connected to the detection module a first drying device, respectively; exhaust means connected to the drying device and the heating device; condensing means connected to the drying means; is connected to the condensing device connected via a first electric valve means and the exhaust ozone generator; a first detecting module, respectively, ozone , a first electric valve means and control means connected to the ventilation, the control start or stop of the ozone generator, deodorizing achieve sterilization system; the detection result of the first detecting module, the ventilation control means to start or stop, and, by controlling the first electric valve, and exhaust control means condensing device turned on or off, not only to achieve the desalination of seawater, but also for drying the article, extended storage time of the article, improved resource utilization and practicality of the system.


Since there are many sources of potentially identifying information in web search (e.g. IP address), we need to ways to hide major clues to the user's identity. Although there have been prior attempts to address this problem, all of them incur linear round complexity in the number of users. In this paper, we construct a constant-round private web search protocol using decomposable encryption, secure in the honest-but-curious model.


This research investigates the policy outcomes and feasibility of school-based management (SBM) in Aceh, Indonesia. This was done by identifying the constraints encountered in its implementation. A total of 520 respondents were surveyed; they came from different schools, elementary, junior high and high schools, and from various ranks of the provincial and district departments of education in Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, Pidie and Lhokseumawe. Data was collected through a qualitative approach by using a semi-structured interview. In assessing the data, the constraints put forward by the respondents were categorized based on the four resources that are essential for SBM performance improvement, namely "power, knowledge, information and rewards" (Wohlstetter & Mohrman, 1994). The findings showed that most of the constraints identified in SBM implementation were related to the resource of power, such as in decentralization/ autonomy, decision making and leadership. This study also found that no formal written policy regarding the implementation of SBM as a component of national education policy was available at either the provincial or district departments of education. This study suggests that these authorities should demonstrate their commitment to the implementation of SBM in Aceh by issuing written policies to start to resolve the constraints faced in such implementation.


Several types of bifunctional molecules are smoothly phenylated by triphenylbismuth diacetate in a reaction which has an intduction period, a curious solvent dependence, and the need for illumination; however, the addition of a small amount of Cu(OAc)2 removes all these limitations and accelerates greatly the reaction.


The ethyl acetate fraction from the methanolic crude extract of the fruits of Benincasa hispida growing in state Tripura, India, showed no toxic effect on haematological parameters, though able to show significant hypoglycemic activity in mice against alloxan induced diabetes.


The invention discloses an auxiliary rehabilitation bed. The auxiliary rehabilitation bed comprises a bed main body, a framework driving mechanism and a control device for controlling the framework driving mechanism; the bed main body comprises a bed frame, a back frame, a seat frame, a leg frame and a foot frame; the framework driving mechanism comprises a back frame linear driving device, a leg frame linear driving device, a driving device fixing column and a foot frame hinge assembly; the bed frame comprises a bed body and at least two groups of bed legs which are fixed on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the bed body; each bed leg, adjacent to the leg frame, is in an L shape; the head part of one end, adjacent to the seat frame, of the back frame is hinged onto the bed body, the intermediate position is fixed on the driving device fixing column through the back frame linear driving device, and the driving device fixing column is fixed on the bed body; the seat frame is arranged between the back frame and the leg frame. By adopting the auxiliary rehabilitation bed, the technical problems can be solved to realize the effects that a patient can raise a backrest, raise the legs and sit up through the auxiliary rehabilitation bed.


This study aims to analyze the need for Arabic for IAIN Pekalongan librarians. There are several main duties and functions of the librarian that directly intersect with the Arabic language. This research is a qualitative research, because the data taken is in the form of written and spoken words. The IAIN Pekalongan Library was used as the locus of research with six librarians as the main informants. The capable method is used to obtain data with fishing rod, record


The student of Swiss music history cannot but notice certain parallels in the lives of that country's finest composers – parallels that seem, at first glance, to explain why the student of Swiss music history is such a rare creature. Theodor Fröhlich (1803–1836) left Switzerland to study with Zelter in Berlin. Instead of staying to seek fame and fortune in the Prussian metropolis thereafter, he returned to his native Aarau, where he was forced to earn his keep by conducting assorted amateur choirs and ensembles. Johann Carl Eschmann (1826–1882) studied with Mendelssohn in Leipzig, began a promising career by experimenting with modernistic cyclic structures, but then relegated himself to conducting amateur choirs in darkest Canton Schaffhausen. Othmar Schoeck (1886–1957) studied in Leipzig with Reger, but he too soon returned home to tread in his forebears' footsteps. Numerous others followed the same path. It is as if the culprit were a common genetic trait, some strand of DNA that led generations of Swiss composers briefly to the Teutonic north before compelling them to plunge back into Helvetic obscurity. Or perhaps the yearning to hear cowbells tinkle and see the twinkle of brightly polished doorknobs on distant Alpine chalets is so overwhelming as to propel homewards any Swiss musician sojourning abroad for more than a few months. The cynic may scoff; but the present writer, in voluntary exile from his erstwhile Helvetic homeland, can vouch for the attraction of both.


An electronic device including a processing unit; a display unit; an operation unit; a control unit for controlling the display unit and causing the processing unit to execute a function; and an external interface, wherein the control unit causes the display unit to display a screen to select only part of function of the plurality of functions in the initialization state, the control unit determines by designating a serial number of the electronic device to acquire authorization data permitting a use of any remaining function of the plurality of functions through the external interface whetheror not the designated serial number is matched with its own serial number and the control unit causes the display unit to display a screen to select the permitted function in addition to the part offunction if it is determined that the designated serial number is matched with its own serial number.


Vaccines are the preparations of killed micro-organisms, living attenuated organisms, or living totally virulent organisms, that are administered to provide or unnaturally increase immunity to a specific malady. The look for strategies of immunogen delivery, not requiring a needle and syringe has been accelerated by recent issues concerning pandemic malady, biological terrorism, and malady obliteration campaigns. Efforts are being made to deliver vaccines through carriers, as they manage the spatial and temporal presentation of antigens to system so, resulting in their sustained liberation and targeting. Hence, lower doses of weak immunogens will be effectively directed to stimulate immune responses and eliminate the requirement for the administration of prime and booster doses as a vicinity of typical vaccination plan. Needle-free immunogen delivery may aid in these mass vaccinations, by increasing ease and speed of delivery, and by giving improved safety and compliance, decreasing prices, and reducing pain related to vaccinations. The transporter systems such as liposomes, dendrimers, micellar systems, microspheres, nanoparticles, Immuno Stimulatory Complexes (ISCOMs), plant-derived viruses, that are currently being investigated and developed as immunogen delivery systems are reviewed. This review summarizes the principle behind the advances of vaccination techniques.


of dendrochronology culminating in the formation of a master chronology. They then expand with equal clarity on how the East Midlands Master Chronology was constructed between 1979 and 1988, adding a description of the East Midlands dendrochronological area with details on the factors governing tree growth. From this area thirtyfive buildings were studied and samples of timber taken from each. Sources ranged from the high roofs of Lincoln Cathedral to a barn in Newark and produced overlapping sequences from the ninth to the twentieth century. Most of the examples are illustrated by photographs and drawings. The construction of the master curve and cross-references with other sources of dates are detailed. Finally the value of the master curve is demonstrated by means of two case studies: Langford Manor in Nottinghamshire and the well-known Manor House, Donnington-le-Heath, in Leicestershire. For the former a date has been suggested, based on unpublished archival evidence, of the early seventeenth century and the dendrochronological evidence is shown to support this with a date after 1625 being likely. For the latter a thirteenth-century date with re-roofing probably in the seventeenth century had been accepted while the tree-ring evidence confirms these dates with a felling range of 1272 to 1307 for the timber in the surviving doors and an early seventeenth-century date for the roof trusses.


The polymer dosimetry is a multidisciplinary experimental dosimetry method presenting the unique advantages of the 3D dose distribution mapping — dose response independence from radiation type and energy, water equivalence, arbitrary dosimeter shape and dimensions. These advantages are particularly significant for cases where steep dose gradients exist such as in intensity-modulated radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. This paper is a brief overview of the existing methods of 3D dosimetry. Special attention is paid to the polyurethane phantoms.


A new Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique has been developed in which molecules are dispersed on the water surface by evaporation. Films of materials hard to dissolve in conventional volatile solvents can thus be formed and be transferred onto solid substrates. As a demonstration, unsubstituted quinacridone LB films have been formed.


Based on the mechanism of frost heave force acting on a cold region strong rock tunnel,the formula for calculating frost heave force is deduced and the conclusion that the distribution on frost heave force is normal school is drawn up.The magnitude of frost heave force is figured out by means of the half formula and half experience,namely the Equivalent Elasticity Coefficient Method.Frost heave force which acts on the lining structure is induced by the fact that the water between lining structure and wall rock is freezing and it is always vertical to lining structure.The depth of water mostly lies on construction factors and is approximately the height of exceeding excavation.The magnitude of frost heave force is related with the average value of the equivalent elasticity coefficient for lining structure,ice and surrounding rock,frozen-heave ratio,the depth of water and so on.The magnitude differs from the level of the surrounding rock,as a rule,it is between 0.9 and 1.43 MPa;and that in winter ground water is still quite abundant someplace,the magnitude is between 0.92 and 2.31 MPa.If other factors are the same,frost heave force increases along with the accretion of the equivalent elasticity coefficient,it shows that it is adverse for controlling the freezing damage when the rigidity of lining structure is increasing,so lining structure should be flexible,not be rigid.


Flavonoid components from Gonostegia hirta were identified by paper chromatogram, color reaction and ultraviolet spectroscopy. A Box-Behnken design with a response surface methodology was used to study the flavonoid extraction conditions, and the antioxidantion activities of the flavonoids were also investigated. Results show that the main components of the flavonoids extracted are flavones and flavonols. The optimized extraction parameters are: ethanol volume fraction 59.66%, extraction temperature 77.2℃, extraction time 1.4 h and a liquid/solid ratio 34 mL·g-1. The flavonoids yield from Gonostegia hirta under the optimized condition is 4.12%. Moreover, the results show that the flavonoids from Gonostegia hirta have scavenging capacity against DPPH free radicals with an IC50 value of 18.04 μg·mL-1, which is 1.63 times higher than that of Vitamin C. The reducing ability of studied flavonoids is approximately half of Vitamin C and the flavonoids also show nitrite cleaning ability.


A very broad spectrum of technical literature has reported the activities and achievements in the field of fibre optics over the past ten years. The output in the past two years has been immense. Most of the reporting has been related to the world-wide achievements in optical transmission of data in public telephone networks. However, the less spectacular progress in commerce/industry has received significant exposure in the same period. The classical properties of optical fibres are being married to electronic circuitry to provide precision mark sensing in high speed processing equipment.


Defoliation is a measure directly regulating the ratio of the vine leaf surface, as the assimilator producer (source), and the grape bunches, as the consumers of such assimilators (sink). Depending on the phase in which the above measure is carried out, the influence on berry development and grape quality differs. The goal of the present paper is to examine influence of the assimilation surface decrease on the grape bunch and berry structure, and therefore on the grape quality, implementing the three-phase defoliation: flowering, berry set and veraison. Results of the two-year examination of cultivar Prokupac indicate that defoliation carried out during the flowering and 3-5 mm berry diameter most considerably influences decrease in the number of berries, decrease of the berry size, increase of the dry matter content in must, while increase in the content of total phenols and anthocyanins in berry skin has occurred only with the flowering phase defoliation.


Background: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus specific IgE (sIgE) measurement is a major diagnostic test for the detection of sensitization to that allergen. Methods: To investigate the effect of climate on the seasonal variations of D.pteronyssinus sIgE, we studied the tests performed in an insular population during a 10-year period. The association with meteorological factors was evaluated with multiple regression analyses. Results: Of 24,879 tests performed for D. pteronyssinus sIgE, 16,719 (67.2%) were D. pteronyssinus sIgE positive; 24.5% were tested for asthma and 46.07% for rhinitis. D. pteronyssinus sIgE levels showed a seasonal pattern with an annual peak in November. In the multivariate analyses solar radiation (r = –0.94) and relative humidity (r = 0.86) were independent factors associated with D. pteronyssinus sIgE levels. The resulting model could explain 93% (p < 0.001) of D. pteronyssinus sIgE variability. Conclusions: Our population showed a seasonal pattern of D. pteronyssinus sIgE explained by relative humidity and solar radiation.


This paper presents a system for word sense disambiguation based on a manually constructed thesaurus of predicate-argument structure, which is an ontology on the linguistic side providing essential information for mapping form texts to verb concepts. This system can be effective for word sense disambiguation even though the target word sense system is different from the thesaurus. We applied the proposed word sense disambiguation system to the test corpus of SemEval-2010 Japanese tasks. Experimental results showed that the thesaurus-based disambiguation system outperformed a CRFs-based system in recall rates of verb sense disambiguation. From the results of verb sense disambiguation, we clarified that the abstracted verb classes (709 types) in our proposed system were effective sets for verb sense disambiguation.


In this semiannual issue the single pass reactor and water plant data are shown for the six-months` period January through June, 1969, (except for C Reactor which is shown for January through April, 1969, because of deactivation at 1610 hours on April 25, 1969) together with data for the three preceding six-months` periods. For comparison purposes the two years of experience will continue to be shown by dropping and adding a six-months` period with each semiannual issue.


This paper aims to analyse the relationship between NGO, the natio- nal and local administration offices, and the importance of translating and interpre- ting. Nowadays, NGO are the most active institutions in terms of translating and interpreting in any setting and dealing with any kind of document. Most of their T&I are volunteers without specific training, but with a long experience in mediation in PPSS. Three NGO have been selected as representatives. The information directly pro- vided by them has been reproduced together with some comments. The proceedings of a meeting held between NGO and the University of Alcala is also included as well as some final remarks for future action.


In this paper, we address the numerical approximation of linear fourth-order elliptic problems on polygonal meshes. In particular, we present a novel nonconforming virtual element discretization of arbitrary order of accuracy for biharmonic problems. The approximation space is made of possibly discontinuous functions, thus giving rise to the fully nonconforming virtual element method. We derive optimal error estimates in a suitable (broken) energy norm and present numerical results to assess the validity of the theoretical estimates.


Background: Closed suction drains are used in a variety of surgical procedures as a means of preventing hematoma formation or other fluid accumulation. The literature shows that they may be linked to postoperative infection. The aim of this study was to determine the timing of biofilm formation on drains, the route of colonization, and whether simple measures to increase sterility made any difference in biofilm formation. Methods: A group of 12 patients, undergoing a variety of procedures, had drains removed at intervals between 2 and 42 hours. Cross-sections of these drains were sampled at three different sites: where the drain entered the skin, the middle of the drain, and the tip of the drain. The samples were sectioned longitudinally to view the lumen and outer wall. Specimens were viewed under scanning electron microscopy to compare the extent of biofilm formation in the drains on the left side with those on the right side. The drains on the left side were placed with increased attention to sterility. Results: Biofilm formation was evident on drains removed from as early as 2 hours after insertion. Statistical conclusions could not be drawn about route of colonization or enhanced sterility measures taken. From subjective analysis alone, route of colonization seemed to be a combination of on-table contamination and contamination from breast tissue. No difference in the amount of biofilm formation was found between normally inserted drains and those inserted with increased attention to sterility. Conclusion: Biofilm formation occurs within 2 hours on closed-suction wound drains. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.


A totalizing and privileging of ethnicity, to the exclusion of other sources of identification, in American historiography has created a tendency to conflate group identity and individual identity in historical subjects. While ethnic group identities are ultimately rooted in cultural representations and ideologies, individual (or personal) identity is the ongoing effort to maintain a sense of continuity. Personal identity assures us we remain the same person that we have been previously. The letters of a Scottish immigrant to the United States are examined to suggest the role of ethnicity in personal identity.


Using test subjects with and without experience in baby care, it has been possible to demonstrate the effect of experience on identification of the meanings of babies' vocal responses in the preverbal stage. The responses selected as test items were typical birth, hunger, pain and pleasure vocalizations. The multiple‐choice technique was used, the subjects being asked to identify the meanings of 24 vocal items which they heard from a magnetic tape. In general, both women and men with experience did better than the inexperienced.


The invention discloses a circumcision locator and a disposable circumcision stapler. The circumcision locator comprises a fixed sleeve with circular structure. The size of the outer edge of the bottom end of the fixed sleeve is matched with the size of the inner ring of the disposable circumcision stapler, the fixed sleeve is connected with a handle by a connecting part, the connecting part is provided with an accommodation space for accommodating glans penis, the bottom end of the fixed sleeve is extended to arrange a locating part, and the outer end surface of the locating part is in inclined structure. The side surface of the inner ring and the outer ring of the disposable circumcision stapler matched to use is in inclined structure. By adopting the structure, the circumcision locator and the disposable circumcision stapler which is matched with the circumcision locater can be specially used to push the inner ring in order to sheath the glans penis and accurately locate when the disposable circumcision stapler is used to carry out the circumcision.


laser ablation has the key role in analysis of metalloproteins
by means of GLIM. several parameters were optimised: gel form
(drier dried, cellophane coating, frozen gel), laser power
density and their dependence to particle number and size, and
signal intensity. best parameters were found for gels frozen at
-80 deg for 25 min.


In the title compound, C8H7ClO2, the carboxyl group forms a dihedral angle of 74.83 (9)° with the benzene ring plane. In the crystal, molecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are linked into layers parallel to the bc plane by weak C—H⋯O interactions.


Abstract Since the publication of Susan Faludi's book in 1991, the terms "backlash" and postfeminism" have come to be widely used in many feminist analyses to critique-and then usually dismiss--representations of both women and feminism throughout media and popular culture. This paper revisits both of these concepts, exploring some of the debates about the definition, meaning, and scope of feminism that both of these terms often unwittingly) raise and then shut down. It argues that while seemingly useful ways talk about popular representations, these concepts also replay many of the central (and often contentious) debates in feminist thinking, especially around what gets defined as feminism,' under what contexts, and for what purposes. Ultimately, it argues that these terms, as they are now most commonly used, deny the possibility of multiple meanings and layers of feminist theorizing and politics, refute the saturation of feminist ideas throughout the broader culture in ways and places in places not originally thought possible, and refuse the changes in feminism that are the locus of so much contemporary dispute. If women's studies and feminism is to successfully make the transition to other generations, other times, and indeed this other millennium, then the ubiquity of concepts such as these, and the exclusive thinking they ultimately point to, must be re-examined and challenged. Key Words: Backlash, Postfeminism, Popular culture Introduction Since the publication of Susan Faludi's book of the same title in 1991, the term backlash" has become a popular and oft-used term in many feminist analyses to critique the perceived political implications of almost any issue having to do with women, and especially to denounce a range of current representations of women throughout popular culture. Indeed, references to a 'backlash' against feminism increasingly dominate feminist and/or women's groups' commentaries on how women are presented in a variety media forms. In its most typical appearances, this term emphasizes the idea that those representations simply replicate long standing patterns and images, with women again being presented in an unrealistic and negative light that these critics read as signaling a reaction to--and rejection of--the many changes in women's lives brought about by feminist social movement. Examples of this kind of use of the term can be found in both feminist scholarly critiques of popular media, as well as in a number of feminist social and political groups' commentaries on media, such as in those of NOW and Mediawatch. (2) In one particularly paradigmatic example of the popularity of this word, for instance, in 2000 ex National Organization for Women president Patricia Ireland derided the "sorry status" of women described in NOW's "prime time report" of TV images of women. Commenting on the report's findings, which classified network television Journal of International Women's Studies Vol 5 #5 June 2004 18 according to four criteria--violence, gender composition, sexual exploitation, and social responsibility, and which found all four major networks overall inadequate in meeting these criteria--she concluded that she was struck by the "mean-spiritedness towards women and people of color" displayed in the "backlash shows" that currently dominate network television. (3) And in another, albeit more scholarly example that is nonetheless in much the same vein, in Material Girls: Making Sense of Feminist Cultural Theory, Suzanna Danuta Walters entitles her chapter exploring representations of women in contemporary popular film, "Postfeminism and Popular Culture: A Case Study of the Backlash," and focuses on "those media representations that were and still are so much a part of this backlash ..." (116). (4) Increasingly (and as the example of Walters's chapter title indicates), the term "backlash" has come to be used almost interchangeably with that other ubiquitous late 90s/early twenty-first century word, "postfeminism. …


This paper explores the nature and purpose of an agricultural co-operative, and proposes a model of market orientation that incorporates a broader focus on both customers and members, as is necessary for agricultural co-operatives. The co-operative structure originated to serve the needs of its members, however, current competitive environments dictate pursuing a market orientation. Pursuit of a customer orientation gives rise to complications, as the needs and objectives of the members may not always be congruent with the needs and objectives of the customer. It is necessary for an agricultural co-operative to recognise and balance the demands of both stakeholder groups. The measurement of a member orientation is considered, and a model proposed that incorporates both a customer orientation and a member orientation; a more balanced focus for an agricultural co-operative.