On December 1, 2000 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued 40 CFR 60 Subpart CCCC, New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (CISWI) sources constructed after November 30, 1999 or modified after June 1, 2001. These standards protect public health by reducing exposure to air pollution, including dioxins, particulate matter, and metals. Facilities must comply with emission limitations and operating limits; submit a siting analysis and a waste management plan; meet operator training and qualification requirements; and perform operational monitoring activities under this NSPS. On August 4, 2004 the first incinerator in the United States to be regulated by this standard was put into operation by CNH America LLC (CNH) in Wichita, Kansas. This paper describes the basics of the CISWI NSPS and discusses the NSPS interpretation and implementation issues encountered during the permitting and start-up process for this incinerator. Important lessons include defining regulatory authority for the CISWI NSPS, a successful petition to EPA for non-standard operational limits, and surviving a typographical error in the printed regulation that was identified after the unit began operating.


This paper describes the Ecole Polytechnique course of one session (14 weeks) relating to the control system theory. The aim of this course consists of confronting the students to the difficulties of the industrial control applications. The prototype processes which are actually used are autonomous vehicle, robot, and hydraulic press. The course covers the material of identification techniques and the design of controller of discrete systems using state space and transfer function. For each process, the students have to build a model, and design controller which satisfy some given performance specifications. The course is taught one session a year by the Mechanical Engineering Department.


The present invention relates to a hybrid multi-axis sensor, a hybrid multi-axis sensor according to the present invention a pair of electrodes at least in a partial region of the arranged facing each other; It has a dielectric constant as a plate-like, elastic composite electrode of the pair on the lower sangbugwa being installed, respectively; Is connected to the pair of electrodes, of the by detecting the separation of the resistance value of the change and the elastic composite of the capacitance during the turn number between the pair of electrodes changes, the elastic composite material depending on the nature of the measurements using a pair of electrodes by the external force exerted in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface or the lower surface by the sensor unit for measuring in sequence; characterized in that it comprises a. In this way, a hybrid multi-axis sensors are provided to measure both the 2-axis direction force with only a pair of electrodes.


The context of literacy, Paulo Freire literacy and urban life literacy and remote peoples literacy and indigenous peoples literacy and refugees literacy and revolution literacy in change.


Treatment of the zirconium and hafnium tetrahydroborate complexes M(BH4)4 with trimethylphosphine yields amber (M = Zr) or colorless (M = Hf) crystals of the new polyhydride complexes Zr2H3(BH4)5(PMe3)2 and Hf2H3(BH4)S(PMe3)2. These do complexes exhibit triplets (JPH = 13 Hz) for the hydride ligands in their 'H NMR spectra at d 3.96 (Zr) and 8.53 (Hf). The 'H, 'IB('H), and 3iP{'H) NMR spectra show that there is only one phosphine environment but two BH, environments in a 2:3 ratio. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of the two complexes in each case reveal a distinctly asymmetric dinuclear structure bridged by three hydrogen atoms. One metal center is ligated by three terminal tridentate BH4groups, while the other is ligated by the two phosphines and by one tridentate and one bidentate BH4group. All the metal-ligand distances in the zirconium complex are slightly longer than those in the hafnium complex, as expected from the relative ionic radii: Z P Z r = 3.124 ( I ) A, Zr-Hb = 1.92 (4) A, Zr-P = 2.750 (1) A, Zr-B = 2.346 (8) A ($-BH,), Zr-B = 2.604 (8) 8, (v2-BH4), Zr-H-Zr = 109 (3)'; Hf-Hf = 3.076 (1) A, Hf-P = 2.725 (6) A, Hf-B = 2.34 (3) 8, (T~-BH,), and Hf-B = 2.53 (3) 8, (q2-BH4). Treatment of the M(BH4)4 complexes with the bidentate phosphine 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane gives mononuclear hydrides of stoichiometry MH(BH,),(dmpe) or MH2(BH4)2(dmpe)2, depending on the conditions. The monohydride complexes MH(BH4)3(dmpe) contain both bidentate and tridentate BH4groups as judged by IR spectroscopy. The 'H NMR spectra show a triplet for the terminal hydride groups at 6 6.08 (JPH = 56 Hz) for M = Zr and 10.99 (JPH = 45 Hz) for M = Hf. The 'H NMR spectra also show that there are two PMe2 environments, while the IiB(IH) and 31P('H) NMR spectra show that there is a single BH4and a single phosphorus environment. These data are consistent with a pseudooctahedral structure in which the three mutuallyfac BH4groups are exchanging with each other. The BH4groups in the dihydride complexes MH2(BH4)2(dmpe)2 are bidentate by IR spectroscopy. The IH NMR spectra show that there is one hydride environment and one BH4environment but that the two ends of each dmpe ligand are inequivalent. The terminal hydride resonances at 6 3.38 (Zr) and 6.65 (Hf) are complex multiplets arising from the X part of XX'AA'BB' spin systems. Simulation of the resonances suggests that the coupling constant between the two hydride ligands may be unusually large at ca. 30 Hz. The possibility that nuclear exchange processes are responsible for this large coupling constant was ruled out on the basis of deuteration studies. Interestingly, these MH2(BH4)2(dmpe)2 molecules are nonfluxional at r c " temperature, despite the high coordination numbers (8 or 10, depending on how the BH4groups are counted). Variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy shows that the molecules undergo an intramolecular fluxional process with an activation energy of 15.6 kcal mol-'; this value is unusually high for a molecule with such a high coordination number. Crystal data for Zr2C6H4 B5P2 at -75 'C are as follows: orthorhombic; P2i,212i; a = 10.921 (2) A, b = 12.255 (3) A, c = 16.524 (6) A, V = 2212 (1) A3, Z = 4, R, = 0.031, Rwf = 0.029 for 301 variables and 2821 data for which I > 2.58u(I). Crystal data for Hf2C6H4,B5P2 at -75 OC are as follows orthorhombic; P2i2121; a = 10.860 (7) A, b = 12.248 (7) A, c = 16.490 (4) A, V = 2193 (3) A3, Z = 4, R, = 0.042, R,, = 0.051 for 112 variables and 1634 data for which I > 2 . 5 8 g ( I ) . Introduction Polyhydrides of the early transition elements are extremely rare,' despite the interesting chemistry exhibited by polyhydride derivatives of other transition elements.24 Polyhydrides of tungsten and iridium, among others, are able to activate saturated hydrocarbons both photolytically and However, for the group 4 elements, the only polyhydrides known are Cp2*MH2 and related dicyclopentadienyl anal o g u e ~ , ~ ~ " the oligomeric monocyclopentadienyl complexes [Cp*ZrH2(BH4) I2 , ' * Cp*2Zr2H3C13(PMe3) , '9 a n d [ C P * H ~ H ~ C ~ ] ~ , ~ ~ the phosphinoamide complexes Hf2H3(BH4)3(npp),, and Hf2H4(BH4)2(npp)2, where npp = N(SiMe2CH2PMe2),.2's22 Heterobimetallic complexes that contain three bridging hydrides between Zr and Os,23 Zr and Re,24 or between Zr and Y25 are also known. Several of these molecules ( I ) Toogood, G. E.; Wallbridge, M. G. H. Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem. (2) Muetterties, E. L. Transition Metal Hydrides; Marcel Dekker: New (3) Bau, R. Transition Metal Hydrides, Advances in Chemistry Series 167; (4) Kaesz, H. D.; Saillant, R. B. Chem. Rev. 1972, 72, 231-281. ( 5 ) Hlatky, G. G.; Crabtree, R. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1985, 65, 1-48. (6) For the Dresent discussion. a wlvhvdride will be defined as a coordi1982, 25, 267-340.


The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different cryoprotectant(ES,EFS and EDFS)and developmental stages(2-,4-,8-cell)on viability of mouse-pig interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer(iSCNT)embryos using open-pulled straws(OPS method).Mouse cumulus cells were used for nuclear donor cells,and the in vitro maturated porcine oocytes were used as recipients after enucleation.Mouse-pig iSCNT embryos were produced then and compared with the control of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer(pSCNT)embryos.The results showed that mouse-pig iSCNT embryos had similar cleavage rate but a significant lower developmental rate to 8-cell stage(28.1% vs 56.8%,P0.05)compared with the control.When the ES solution was used as cryoprotectant,the survival of iSCNT embryos after warming was much similar with that from EDFS group but both were significantly higher than that of EFS group(28.6% and 22.7% vs 9.5%,respectively,P0.05).As compared to other developmental stages,the re-warming survival rate of mouse-pig iSCNT embryos at 2-cell stage were the highest.The iSCNT embryos from every group displayed a relative lower survival rate as compared to the pSCNT groups,but there were no statistical differences(P0.05).This study revealed that the ES was the optimal vitrification solution and 2-cell stage is suitable for the vitrification of iSCNT embryos.However,the iSCNT embryos exhibited a relative lower developmental competence as well as a lower survival rate when compared with pSCNT embryos.


The incidence of alcohol in signalised intersection accidents is examined and signal design and operation measures with some practical potential for improving safety are identified. Evidence from a review of the driver performance literature indicates that alcohol impairs a number of driver performance functions upon which an increased demand is imposed by intersection signals. Accident data analysis was carried out on 7,402 reported casualty accidents which occurred at signalised intersections in the Melbourne metropolitan area, between 1977 and 1980, inclusive. In about 39 per cent of these accidents, blood alcohol readings for at least one of the drivers involved were available from hospital testing procedures. The principal findings of the analyses of intersection signal accidents were: 1) right- turn- against, cross- traffic and rear- end accidents were the predominant accident types; 2) 86 per cent of alcohol- related accidents occurred between 6 pm and 6 am; 3) alcohol was over- represented in rear- end accidents; 4) alcohol was over- represented in the general category of single- vehicle/ loss- of- control accidents; and 5) alcohol was under- represented in cross- traffic and right- turn- against accidents. Only a limited number of signal design and operation countermeasures were identified for these accident types. The principal countermeasures were improved lane delineation and more conspicuous signal displays. The thesis was submitted in fulfilment of one- eighth of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering Science (Transport) in the Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, September, 1982. (TRRL)


Switched reluctance motor is known to be fault tolerant,but it is not fault free.Most of the winding have short-circuit fault,that surely effect motor running seriously.Based on finite element analysis software Maxwell and circuit analysis software Simplorer,this paper took an in-depth look at the principle of short-circuit fault,and two cases were simulated,one where a few turns were shorted,and one where a complete pole was shorted,respectively from the view of magnetic circuit and field circuit.Results of simulation and experiment show that winding short-circuit fault breaks the symmetry between the motor poles.Under current control,there is almost no difference of current between fault phase and normal phase.But under voltage control,the fault phase current is higher than the normal phase.


Sustainability disclosures are intended to attract investors' attention, however, for issuers under the SRI-KEHATI Index, their fundamental performance does not better than under market performance in general. This study aims to analyze whether the disclosure of sustainability can create economic value added and market value. The sample is all issuers under the SRI-KEHATI index from the beginning to 2019 which are filtered based on reporting performance. Sustainability disclosure includes environmental, social and growth factors. The analysis was performed using a moderated fixed effects panel data regression model. The results show that the disclosure of sustainability does not have a direct effect on both market and economic value added, and does not strengthen or weaken the relationship between economic added and market value. This result implies that investors do not aware of the effect of sustainability disclosure on the fundamental performance and market value.


For any developing nation, GDP growth and CO2 emission goes hand-in-hand. GDP growth affects the CO2 emission level and vice versa. EKC hypothesis ensures the interaction between income level and environmental degradation. Based on this foundation, bi-directional causal relationship between these two factors for India has been obtained in this paper. For empirical analysis, data for GDP growth of and CO2 emission over the period 1960-2010 has been considered. Vector Error Correction model using lag-augmented VAR model has been employed for the analysis. The result obtained is new in the considering the existing body of literature. JEL classification: Q50; Q53; Q56


Networked environments offer new scope for presenting activity based courses, in which activities and reflection form the central backbone of course pedagogy. Such courses promise an enriching approach to study, but there are also challenges for the design of assessment. This paper describes a qualitative study of student and tutor perspectives on the assessment of an innovative undergraduate course at the UK Open University which has employed an activity-based approach. It discusses the relationship between assessment, student participation, and the development of skills, and then outlines the priorities for the design of assessment for such courses.


Abstract In Kolkata metropolitan area population growth, built-up land expansion, and infrastructure development shrinkages wetland area and degrades wetland health. Wetland health index was computed using composite-indexing (CI) and fuzzy-AHP (FA) models. Both CI and FA models performed well to assess wetland health where FA outperformed CI. The area under curve value ranges from 0.728 to 0.780 for CI and 0.745 to 0.855 for FA model. During the last two decades, the growth rate of built-up land was 1.86% per year and the shrinkage rate of wetland was 1.56% per year. The spatial coverage of excellent wetland area was decreased from 52.46% to 43.11% over last two decades, but the area under very poor wetlands have increased from 5.55% to 9.62%. Due to wetland health degradation, ecosystem service value was decreased by 23.50% over the last two decades. Wetland health has direct relationship with wetland size, which needs further research.


Branch and main stem defects of horsechestnut trees (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in Pripyat, Ukraine, abandoned in 1986, and un-maintained since then, were compared to managed trees of the same species and similar age in the city of Kiev, Ukraine. Trees in Kiev sustained more trunk injuries, and numerous pruning wounds, and developed significantly more branch defects (especially codominant stems) in their canopies compared to trees in Pripyat. Although Kiev trees had larger stem diameters, the overall quality of their form was reduced compared to street trees in Pripyat. Pripyat horsechestnuts grew with competition from other, invading trees thus, experienced shading of their lower canopies and significant competition for light and had smaller bole diameters. Effects of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster on trees in the Nuclear Exclusion Zone are also discussed.


A novel method based on chaos theory for echo extraction from reverberation is proposed. Effectiveness of this method is mainly due to a new prediction model based on radial basis function (RBF) neural networks, which uses forward and backward prediction (FBP). Principles of the model used for chaotic signal separation is explained. Performances for the chaotic signal modeling and harmonic signal extraction are analyzed using several chaotic time series as examples. The result of the model in the extraction of object echoes from real lake-bottom reverberation shows that the model can be used to extract object echoes when signal-to-reverberation-ratio is greater than 1dB.


Aerial manipulation has received a big attention these days for many purposes without the existence of humans, such as surveillance, rescue services, exploration, and others, e.g., inspection and maintenance in industrial fields. This research is aimed at scientific studying of the aerial human like robotic arm, which is considered as the complicated engineering model because of a high degree of freedom. The suggested manipulator consists of twenty-three links and twenty-eight joints within three sections of the shoulder, arm, and hand. This paper focuses on identifying the forces and moments acting on the links and joints in addition to describing the motion in the space with regard to the aerial body's frame. This research begins with describing the architecture of each part of the robotic arm, then the trajectory motion and time-based pros kinematics are studied, and finally the equations of motion are derived that describe the motion based on the required torque dynamics.


Consumption of blood supplement tablets (TTD) during menstruation is one effort to prevent anemia. The Ministry of Health recommends taking one tablet supplements weekly and one tablet daily during menstruation. However, adherence of TTD consumption still low among adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of direct supervision of tablets consumption on hemoglobin level of adolescent girls. This research is a quasi-experimental with pretest-post-test with control group. Samples are female students of Islamic Boarding School at Bengkulu City. A total sample of 56 female students consisting of 28 intervention group and 28 control group was taken by systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed using t-test. TTD were given every day during menstruation until 2 months. Hemoglobin levels baseline were measured at the first day after menstruation and post HB level were measured at the third month of menstruation. The results showed that the baseline of mean HB in intervention group was 12.2 gr and control group was 12.74 gr and after intervention, the mean of HB increases in intervention group by 1.13 gr and in control group by 0.4 gr. There was a difference in average of hemoglobin levels before and after intervention between the two groups, the difference was 0.79 gr (p 0.000 < α 0.005). Supervision of TTD consumption by the closest person like teacher was important for students, it can promote adherence of TTD consumption, which can increase HB levels and lower anemia among adolescent.


To the Editor.— Paraproteinemias, bromism, and severe hypermagnesemia are uncommon but life-threatening disorders that unequivocally and often strikingly reduce the anion gap.1,2Hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and random laboratory error occur far more frequently and also lower the anion gap.2,3Most physicians would comfortably predict that any patient with a persistently low anion gap most likely has either a low serum sodium or low serum albumin concentration. Goldstein et al (1980;243:1737) reviewed 67,740 sets of electrolytes—ie, they assayed more than 0.25 million ions and proved that hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and something less than perfect results in routine electrolyte analyses were more commonly responsible for a low anion gap than were myeloma, bromism, and hypermagnesemia. No one denies that the latter three diseases are uncommon, but by the same token, no one can deny that these uncommon diseases usually lower the anion gap. Contrary to the title of the authors' work, there


Concrete is the most widely used as construction materials in the world. In fact, concrete is used in virtually everything and there are still no substitutes are available for many of its application. Without concrete, the community and society today could not exist. Therefore, lots of researchers and engineers are doing the research of the aggregate sources. All these research as alternative sources for the replacement of the natural aggregates in producing concrete in the various future construction works. In that concept we had made the research on the fine aggregate replacement in concrete with the construction and demolition waste. The project explains about the properties of materials used in concrete, mechanical and transport properties of the concrete.


This paper introduces the sources,characteristics and hazards of landfill leachate and the research and application of membrane technology in the treatment of landfill leachate.Membrane technology mainly includes reverse osmosis,nanofiltration,membrane bioreactor and membrane combination process.It also gives an analysis of the characteristics of some membrane techniques and their applications in landfill leachate treatment.A bright future for the development of membrane technology in the treatment of landfill leachate is predicted.


In industrial applications, the phenomenon of sub- and supercritical fluid flowing over particles is highly common. Like other fluids, when the operating temperature and pressure of CO2 are near the critical point, the thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, and specific heat capacity, which affect the flow and heat transfer of the fluid, vary drastically. To study these phenomena, we use particle-resolved direct numerical simulation (PR-DNS) without considering the role of gravity and buoyancy to study the drag and heat transfer of subcritical CO2 flowing over a heated spherical particle as well as supercritical CO2 (scCO2) flowing over a cooled spherical particle in the process of crossing critical temperature. We compare the results with those of a fluid with constant physical properties. The study considers Reynolds numbers from 10 to 200. By analyzing the thickness of the velocity boundary layer and temperature boundary layer near the particle surface under different operating conditions and considering the variations in the fluid physical properties, we elucidate how the drag and heat transfer depends on the operating conditions. The results show that increasing the particle-surface temperature increases the drag coefficient under all operating conditions, although the effect on heat transfer differs. In addition, the effect of pressure on drag and heat transfer also depends on the operating conditions. For a given range of operating pressure and temperature, we propose correlations between the drag coefficient and Nusselt number that are based on well-established correlations and applicable to the processes involving trans-critical temperature dynamics.


Taking water and soil resources as a whole, this paper makes scientific evaluations to the developmental utilization situation and existing problems of water and soil resources in Hunan province, and then pointed the assumption of further exploitatoin and protection of water and soil resources for the purpose of taking measures suitable to local conditions in light with structure and function of water-soil system, and coordinating relationship between water resources and eco-environment and increase water and soil utilization efficiency by means of rational allotment and distribution.


Introduction : Absconding patients from psychiatric ward is common phenomenon that causes many consequences for community and patient. In order to decrease rate of absconding, it is necessary to know the related factors leading to this event. Thus, this study was conducted at Razi Psychiatric Hospital to determine the related factors leading to absconding of psychiatric patients from Razi Psychiatric Hospital. Methods : In this descriptive study, 117 patients' files were utilized to study by nonrandomized sampling. For data gathering, a questionnaire made by a researcher with approved validity and reliability was utilized and then SPSS has been used to analyze the data. Results: Results indicated that demographic factors such as genders, age, marital status, place of living, education and social factors such as occupational, family role of patient, supportive systems, referral organization and disorder related factors likes psychiatric diagnosis, drug abuse history, absconding history, length of hospitalization, history of re hospitalization in psychiatric units, exit permission, place of absconding, kinds of treatment and factors related to the time of absconding such as time and shift rotation had significant relationship with the rate of absconding. Conclusion: Most demographic, social, disorders factors and also time of absconding had significant correlation with the rate of absconding which is similar to other studies results. Therefore, it can be concluded that absconding preventive plans in psychiatric units can lead to much decrease in the rate of absconding.


Objective To investigate the effect of angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) on the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in lung of rats with acute lung injury (ALI) and the role of AngⅡ in the formation of lung edema. Methods Forty healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group, AngⅡ receptor blocker pretreatment group, and AngⅡ receptor blocker treatment group according to random digits table, with 10 rats in each group. ALI model of rats was reproduced with administration of endotoxin after hemorrhagic shock. In rats of pretreatment group AngⅡ receptor blocker 30 μg/kg was given 30 minutes before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection; rats in treatment group AngⅡ receptor blocker 30 μg/kg was given 30 minutes after LPS injection; rats in model group received 30 μg/kg normal saline 30 minutes before and after LPS injection. Rats were sacrificed 6 hours after model establishment, samples of venous blood and lung tissue were collected, radioimmunoassay was used to measure the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and the expression of AngⅡ in lung tissue, ratio of wet to dry (W/D) weight of lung tissue was calculated, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of AQP1 mRNA in lung tissue. Results Compared with rats of sham-operated group, the level of TNF-α in venous blood, W/D ratio and the expression of AngⅡ in lung tissue increased significantly, the expression of AQP1 mRNA in lung tissue decreased significantly in rats of ALI. Compared with rats of model group, the level of TNF-α in venous blood (μg/L) decreased significantly (4.79±0.24, 5.55±0.36 vs. 6.34±0.31, both P〈0.05), W/D ratio decreased significantly (4.34±0.23, 4.85±0.20 vs. 5.41±0.26, both P〈0.05), the expression of AQP1 mRNA in lung tissue increased significantly (0.854±0.067, 0.727±0.081 vs. 0.358±0.071, both P〈0.05), and the expression of AngⅡ in lung tissue (ng/g) decreased to some extent (172.19±15.82, 202.82±20.47 vs. 245.88±26.31), but without statistical significance (both P〉0.05) in rats of pretreatment group and treatment group. The expression of AQP1 mRNA was negatively correlated with both the level of AngⅡ and W/D ratio (r1=-0.782, r2=-0.726, both P〈0.05). Conclusion During ALI, AngⅡ may downregulate the expression of AQP1 mRNA in lung tissue directly or through inflammatory mediators, AngⅡ may play a role in the formation of lung edema.

Key words:
AngiotensinⅡ; Acute lung injury; Two-hit model; Aquaporin 1


The invention provides a LCD and its frame. The frame comprises a bottom wall, a pair of side walls relatively arranged on the upper surface of the bottom wall, and another pair of side walls relatively arranged on the upper surface of the bottom wall. Wherein, the height of one pair of side walls is higher than that of another pair. The two pairs of side walls define the accommodating space jointly with the bottom wall. On the tops of the two pairs of side walls, a top wall is provided respectively that extends toward the opposite side wall. The LCD comprises a light guiding board, a light source, an optic film and a liquid crystal panel, and is located in the frame.


The results obtained for RR Lyrae-stars at the observatory Budapest are reviewed.The ob- servations include the determination of light-and colour curves,the study of period changes of field and cluster variables and the systematic study of the Blazk o-effect.The interpretation of the O-C diagrams and a working hypothesis for the Blazk o-effect are shortly discussed.The need of coopera- tion between the Nanking and Budapest observatories,especially for AC And,is stressed.


The pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches currently in use for inflammation of the external eye are discussed in detail. The general principles of inflammation are explained in detail as well as their specific application to the external ocular tissues.


: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory was completed in the 2010-11 Antarctic season with 86 deep strings and 81 surface stations. Between June 2010 and May 2011 IceCube collected high quality data with 73 stations and 79 strings. The performance of the detector as an air shower array to contribute to our understanding of the cosmic ray spectrum from the knee region up to 1 EeV will be demonstrated. The sensitivity to primary composition using high energy muon bundles seen by the IceCube array will also be discussed.


Based on fifteen years of data on the annual Academy of International Business (AIB) best dissertation Farmer Award finalists, we find that these dissertations were done at a range of North American universities. Interestingly, dissertation topics differed from the topics covered in the three top IB journals with five‐sixths of the topics in management, organization, economics, or finance and two‐thirds set in a single country or region (U.S., Japan, North America, and Western Europe). Survey research is the most common methodology but analysis of secondary data is growing. As expected, the finalists are on average an extraordinarily prolific group.


A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for assaying taxol bulk drug or process samples is described. The method utilizes a commercially available pentafluorophenyl (PFP) packing material that has greater selectivity for taxol and related taxanes than other reversed-phase media tested. The method has been shown to be accurate, linear, precise, specific, and rugges, and can be used to assay the bulk drug and determine its chromatographic purity as well as to assay taxol in process and biomass samples


Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques, which are also considered as online nondestructive testing methods, are significant in modern structural engineering due to their ability to guarantee structure safety while reducing maintenance cost. It is often necessary to combine different SHM methods to achieve a more reliable damage detection result. However, the hardware of the SHM systems is usually expensive, bulky, and heavy when they are designed separately. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-layer architecture for designing an integrated multi-function SHM system to achieve a small, lightweight, and low power consumption SHM system. Based on the architecture, an integrated SHM system with impact monitoring and electromechanical impedance measurement is developed. In addition, a scheduling module is developed to manage the two functions of the system. Furthermore, an integrated interface is developed to transfer the data and the command. Then, an integrated printed circuit board is designed and manufactured to achieve the aforementioned functions. The designed system is applied for impact monitoring and damage detection for a supporting structure of a sailplane.


1. A method that allows measuring the area penetrated by the oil in the food during the frying process is presented. 2. From the comparative study between this procedure and the extraction of the fat contained in the fried food, a greater accuracy for it is deduced because it is less subject to uncontrolled factors. 3. The differences in the behavior of the oils for the same food in the frying process are more significant by the procedure of microscopic measurement of the fluorescent zone than by the method of extracting the fat from the fried food. 4. It can be concluded from these tests that refined soybean oil, winterized soybean oil and peanut oil spread over a larger area of fried foods than virgin olive and cotton oils that are centered in a smaller area. 5. Other advantages of the described method over the extraction method are: greater simplicity and shorter time.


Objective:Try to explore subacute carotid ischemia model established by spider silk,and comment on the influence on relevant physiological and biochemical indices,thus provide a new method for related disease research.Methods:First take about 10cm of silk from spider.The carotid separation of rabbit was made,then prepared spider silk wound in carotid artery to make ligation points,so as to establish subacute ischemia model.And the determination of blood flow,blood pressure and SOD were observed.Results:After spider silk ligation carotid,the blood flow and blood pressure had a decrease trend.Serum levels of MDA and SOD were increased significantly after ligation,then slowly declined.General pathology observation on carotid process is from partially block to completely block.Conclusions:Using spider silk ligation can build vascular subacute ischemia model,which may be applied to models of chronic ischemic diseases in the future.


In the crystal structure of the title Schiff base compound, C18H20N2O4S2, the molecule lies across a crystallographic inversion centre. The torsion angle of the N—C—C—N fragment is 180°, as the inversion centre bisects the central C—C bond. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and aromatic π–π stacking interactions with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.913 (2) Å.


Background:To date, the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 24,400 confirmed cases in Ireland, with more than 30% involving Healthcare Workers (HCW). As more staff become involved in the care of COVID-19 patients, many key clinical considerations remain uncertain, including the possibility of re-infection following initial illness, the clinical significance of prolonged viral shedding and the degree of protection conferred by development of anti- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies.We present 3 cases of COVID19-infected HCWs, each with distinct episodes of recurrent symptoms following initial resolution and with persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR results, ranging up to 60 days post onset of illness. PCR results, cycle threshold (Ct) values and clinical assessment are provided to discuss the diagnostic difficulties in assessing relapsed COVID-19 infection, or re-infection with new virus following return to work. Case presentations: Patient 1,2 and 3 (age range 25-36) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via rtPCR on oro/nasopharyngeal swab with initial Ct values of 21.72, 24.52 and 26.58 respectively, following presentation with respiratory symptoms. All completed 14 day periods of self-isolation with full resolution of symptoms. Each patient has a clinical role and was involved in the management of COVID-19 patients following return to work. Patient 1 was admitted to hospital 44 days after initial illness, with cough, dyspnoea and a concurrent diagnosis of neurosyphilis. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive with Ct value 31.36 and remained positive for at least 60 days following initial illness onset. A full clinical recovery followed. Patients 2 and 3 represented to the Emergency Department with recurrent respiratory symptoms 29 and 40 days following initial illness onset respectively. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was demonstrated in each with Ct values 31.16 and 30.72 respectively. Each subsequently made a full recovery following a second period of self-isolation. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was demonstrated in all 3 patients. Conclusions: These cases demonstrate the diagnostic difficulties in determining intermittent presentation of COVID-19 infection with prolonged viral shedding, or re-infection with new virus following return to work. As the pandemic progresses, this represents a growing diagnostic challenge impacting patient assessment, staff deployment following illness and infection control.


In a reflective film display device, a platform has a covered stationary electrode mounted thereon, which holds a plurality of movable cantilevers in substantially a plane, and fixing a wiring board. The platform includes an aligning slit for accurately connecting a conducting line on the wiring board to the stationary electrode and to the movable cantilever that can be elastically bent and a through-hole for aligning the position of the platform with another platform. The cantilever having a tab at its free end is electrically separated from the stationary electrode on the platform and a gap is provided between the free end of the cantilever and the stationary electrode. A plurality of platforms are stacked one upon the other by utilizing the through-holes of the platforms so as to allow the tabs to be arranged to form a grid.


ABslRAcT. Antiyaseular photodynamic therapy (PDT) suppresses tumor growth and prolonged the suryival in selid tumor-bearing dnice. ']'he purpose of this study was to asscss thc efificacy of antivascular PDT using BPD-MA for treatment of oral and nasat tumors in 14 dogs. At 15 min after initiuting intraveneus infus{on ofe.5 mgtkg benzoporphyrin dcrivative monoacid ring A, tumors ",ere irradiated with laser light at 690 nm emitted by adiode laser. The 1-year survis,al rate of7 dogs "ith oral tumors ",as 71%,, The 1-year survls・al


HPV is believed to cause most cases of cancer of the cervix of the uterus. Infection is caused by promiscuous sexual intercourse. Many people have applauded the four provincial Premiers. Recently, however, researchers at McGill University in Montreal have stated that there are many unanswered questions about this vaccination.


A 32-year-old primigravida at 8 weeks of gestation presented with gangrene of both great toe for 10 days. Two years back, she had an episode of Raynaud's phenomenon involving left ring finger diagnosed as primary Raynaud's phenomenon and was treated with nifedipine following which she improved. In the following months, she had 2-3 similar episodes of Raynaud's phenomenon in the upper extremity which were less severe. On diagnostic evaluation she was found to have an intra cardiac mass arising from mitral leaflet. We present a case of atrial myxoma initially presenting as an isolated Raynaud's phenomenon with a long asymptomatic period before the next clinical manifestation which to our knowledge is the first such report.


ABSTRACT This qualitative study examines one migrant teacher's identity positions in the context of a peer mentoring group setting in Finland. Combining theories of legitimacy and teacher narratives, this study asked which positions were available and legitimate for a migrant teacher. The analysis of three of the stories the teacher ('Ji Yoo') shared was inspired by Barkhuizen's three-step framework for examining positioning in teacher narratives. Findings showed that Ji Yoo's most legitimate positions were being 'foreign', novice teacher, cultural broker, and expert teacher, the latter two being the least frequent and least explicit ones. The authors suggest that migrant teachers' struggles of having their expertise and experience recognised and shed their 'foreign' label persist even in contexts that are intended to support and empower practitioners.


Antimicrobial coating on biomedical devices to prevent bacterial colonization is of great interest in healthcare industry nowadays. In this context, graphene nanomaterial has created an excellent opportunity in the biomedical research. The whole cell biomass of Rhizopus oryzae has been explored as a reducing agent for eco-friendly synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and minimizing the extensive use of toxic chemicals. The as-synthesized rGO was then characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies. The hydrodynamic size and surface charge were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and ζ potential studies, and the values were found to be 4350 ± 25 nm and −21.2 ± 5.22 mV, respectively. The HRTEM analysis depicted the ultrathin sheet-like morphology of rGO. The graphene oxide (GO) and as-prepared rGO were then coated onto the surface of aluminum plate for testing antibacterial properties. The attenuated total reflect...


Precision training can be defined by the coordinated use of sensors to measure physiological or biomechanical parameters and new communication technologies to exchange, transform and return this information to the coach to help him in his decision-making, in addition to his own observations. Faced with the rise of new digital equine tools, a reminder of the applied research works initiated in this area is proposed. The principle, the interests and the limits of certain innovative systems are mentioned. Finally, the benefits of precision training, at the individual or collective level but also a point for consideration on the prerequisites for its development are proposed.


Five new 4-(substituted benzimidazole-2-yl) phenoxyacetic acid compounds were synthesized by reacting2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-5-substituted benzimidazoles with chloroacetic acid under basic conditions. Three new fluo-rine-containing nitro benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized in the presence of 4-dimethylaminepyridine andtheir structure and configuration were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, and 1HNMR. The new fluorine-containing,nitro benzimidazole derivatives have better antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus than 4-(substituted benzimi-dazole-2-yl) phenoxyacetic acid.


: As we see around us, we humans for our comfort and leisure have almost destroyed maximum of its natural resources and in turn lead to pollution which is destroying the nature. These habits have already lead to diseases and plagues which kill the natural habitat (ecosystem) and in turn leading to a chain of self-destruction started by our own deeds. The time has come where we humans need to realize the need to stop this mess so that the future generations can live in peace. Construction industry throughout its lifecycle is a major consumer of resources and a major cause of pollution in return, roughly 4% to 5% of the total world pollution. The growth in this Industry is leading to the growth in pollution so we need to search for improved methods of construction to reduce its impacts on the environment.


Rundberg and Stenstrom introduced one of the first models for software TLS. This increases the loop parallelism by speculatively executing iterations while keeping a log of reads and writes; if a conflict occurs then mis-speculated iterations are re-executed (rollback). This is useful for code falling outside the traditional static dependence analysis framework. Their technique simulates cache-coherency hardware and is exact in that rollback only takes place when a dependence violation occurs, but the coherency overheads are too large for general practical use. Our contribution is a family of abstract coherency algorithms; while being safe (detect all violations), these trade false positives (which cause unnecessary rollbacks) against coherency algorithm space and time. This paper gives one such algorithm.


Research Objectives: The objective of this research is to determine the level of science process skills of Physics Education students at the University of Masumus in the practice of habituation in basic physics prisms towards the use of e-modules.
Methodology: This research is a descriptive research type. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. The implementation of this research was conducted in October 2019. The number of samples in this study were all 2018 physics education students, totaling 40 people. This study used a sampling technique, namely total sampling.
Main Findings: The results of research conducted by researchers, it is known. In the Science Process Skills Research of Physics Education Students at the University of Masumus in the prism refraction practicum using the e-module, the results were very good, this can be seen from the percentage results for each indicator. the use of e-modules can increase the level of student process skills in carrying out practicum activities.
Novelty/Originality of Research: Novelty in research is in the form of analyzing the science process skills possessed by physics education students at the University Masumus.


Natural clinoptilolite was studied to assess its performance in removing caesium and strontium ions, using both static columns and an agitated tube reactor (ATR) for process intensification. Kinetic breakthrough curves were fitted using the Thomas and Modified Dose Response (MDR) models. In the static columns, the clinoptilolite adsorption capacity (qe) for 200 ppm ion concentrations was found to be ~171 and 16 mg/g for caesium and strontium, respectively, highlighting the poor material ability to exchange strontium. Reducing the concentration of strontium to 100 ppm, however, led to a higher strontium qe of ~48 mg/g (close to the maximum adsorption capacity). Conversely, halving the column residence time to 15 min decreased the qe for 100 ppm strontium solutions to 13–14 mg/g. All the kinetic breakthrough data correlated well with the maximum adsorption capacities found in previous batch studies, where, in particular, the influence of concentration on the slow uptake kinetics of strontium was evidenced. For the ATR studies, two column lengths were investigated (of 25 and 34 cm) with the clinoptilolite embedded directly into the agitator bar. The 34 cm-length system significantly outperformed the static vertical columns, where the adsorption capacity and breakthrough time were enhanced by ~30%, which was assumed to be due to the heightened kinetics from shear mixing. Critically, the increase in performance was achieved with a relative process flow rate over twice that of the static columns.


In nearshore regions, bidirectional tidal flow is the main hydrodynamic factor, which induces local scour around submarine pipelines. So far, most studies on scour around submarine pipelines only consider the action of unidirectional, steady currents and little attention has been paid to the situation of bidirectional tidal currents. To deeply understand scour characteristics and produce a more accurate prediction method in bidirectional tidal currents for engineering application, a series of laboratory scale experiments were conducted in a bidirectional current flume. The experiments were carried out at a length scale of 1:20 and the tidal currents were scaled with field measurements from Cezhen pipeline in Hangzhou Bay, China. The experimental results showed that under bidirectional tidal currents, the scour depth increased significantly during the first half of the tidal cycle and it only increased slightly when the flow of the tidal velocity was near maximum flood or ebb in the following tidal cycle. Compared with scour under a unidirectional steady current, the scour profile under a bidirectional tidal current was more symmetrical, and the scour depth in a bidirectional tidal current was on average 80% of that under a unidirectional, steady current based on maximum peak velocity. Based on previous research and the present experimental data, a more accurate fitted equation to predict the tidally induced live-bed scour depth around submarine pipelines was proposed and has been verified using field data from the Cezhen pipeline.


The essence of "nature" is the resplendent shooting star in the history of culture and ideology in China, and is a crystallization of wisdom of the dark learning scholars in the Northern Wei and Jin Dynasty. The dark learning school stressed on nature on the basis of two reasons. The main reason is that the dark learning scholars advocated the naturalism respecting individual life. Another reason is that they admitted the objectivity and rationality of the sexual passion.


In the People's Republic of China's (PRC) continuous state-building project since its establishment in 1949, the notion of nation and nationality (minzu) has been uninterruptedly utilised by the leading elite in its political programmes. The notion of the 'nationality question' (minzu wenti) was employed especially for addressing the issues of the officially identified minority nationalities at the time when the multinational nature of the state was made fundamental. However, how a multinational character of the Chinese state is interpreted by the state elite and how this interpretation is shaped by their policies have arguably changed along with the political and economic preferences of the regime. This paper aims to explore the meaning of 'nationality question' during the period of socialist construction, and traces the shift in its notion during the reform period which started in the 1970s. The essay pays attention to the change in the preferred corresponding English term of minzu wenti. I argue that the substitution of the 'nationality question' term, which was dominant during the socialist period, with the concept of the 'ethnic question' during the reform period points not only to the changing character of the government policies towards minorities, but also legitimises them as the only suitable and rightful in the context of economic reforms.


This launch issue of IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine marks a new focus on more accessible information about ICs for our members. Since the fall of 2006, our (then new newsletter) coeditor, Mary Lanzerotti, began acquiring some great articles from authors who wrote about the development of integrated circuits technology. Recognizing this, the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society (SSCS) leadership from the Publications Committee and AdCom wanted to see the material available in IEEE Xplore.


Aiming at researching the contact status between wheel and workpiece,finite element analysis is used to study stress between grinding wheel and work piece with MSC.MARC.Simulation result showed how much the factor influence contact stress and strain,and provided guidence to the design of grinding wheel and the control of the belt grinding with constant pressure.


It is shown that it is possible to obtain variable magnitude characteristics in a two-dimensional recursive digital filter. This is accomplished by the substitution of first-order allpass sections instead of the delay units in the realized filter. Coefficient conditions are obtained so that the various filters are stable and their characteristics are approximately circularly symmetric.<<ETX>>


The paper analyzes the results of the study's social-psychological-motivational sphere potrbnostno youth leaders adolescence and early adulthood. The data obtained empirical study of gender in youth leaders need to achieve are analyzed taking into account the dynamics of social situations, as well as the presence or absence of a youth leadership experience in social learning.


Ludwig angina is a rapidly progressing, necrotizing cellulitis of the submandibular space.1 Predisposing factors include poor dental hygiene, recent dental procedures, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, malnutrition, intravenous drug use, and immunosuppression.1 Ludwig angina is typically a polymicrobial infection that includes both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.1,2 We evaluated a 49-year-old man with a 4-day history of sore throat. He had been treated at an outside facility with oral antibiotics with no improvement. Upon his presentation to the emergency department, the patient was found to have anterior erythema and edema of the neck, odynophagia, and dyspnea. He experienced severe respiratory distress that required intubation. Plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) revealed an extensive inflammatory process involving the neck and upper chest, with severe airway compromise and multiple gas collections (figures 1 and 2). Surgical debridement was performed; however, the patient's condition subsequently deteriorated and resulted in his demise due to overwhelming septic shock within 24 hours of presentation. Ludwig angina can progress to cervical necrotizing fasciitis in several hours to days.3 The arrangement of the fascial planes in the neck allows for rapid extension into the different neck spaces, with retropharyngeal and mediastinal extension.1 Necrotizing fasciitis IMAGING CLINIC


2. In addition, some studies have shown that CNTs can bend more than 120 degrees before breaking and that CNTs have versatile electronic properties ranging from nonmetallic to metallic 3 . An important factor of the desired properties of CNT-based nanocomposites is the molecular interactions at the interface between the CNT reinforcement and the polymer matrix. The goal of the present study is to explore the interface between singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and polymer chains via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These simulations investigate whether the polymers prefer to wrap the SWCNT, what the molecular details of that interface are, and how the interfacial interaction is affected by the chemical composition and structure of the polymer. A series of MD simulations were performed with polymeric matrices of varying degrees of saturation, aromaticity, and aliphaticity, and will thus complement previous MD simulations 4,5 on a few oligomer types. The results of these simulations can be used to correlate the interfacial behavior between a SWCNT and a polymer matrix to the properties of the nanocomposite, and thus lead to the optimization of the desired properties of nanocomposites comprised of these materials. Computational Details Creation of Polymer Structures. The polymers used in this study include the following: those with simple aliphatic backbones such as nylon, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and polystyrene (PS); those with semirigid backbones such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET); and those with rigid backbones such as poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV). To replicate experimental conditions, the polymer chains were built such that the molecular weight of each polymer chain is approximately the same; 20 repeat units of PET were used as a reference configuration. The molecular structure of each polymer was built in the DL_POLY graphical user interface and then relaxed for a few MD steps. Creation of SWCNT Structures. A SWCNT of type (10,0) zig-zag was built with the DL_POLY graphical user interface using the built-in nanotube builder. The SWCNT was created to have a diameter of 7.7 A and a length of 125.0 A. We chose such a small diameter since a recent study 6


Usually the higher Government Debt country borrows money from other countries having lower Government Debt. This will end up with a higher lending rate in all countries. So, the spillover of a high debt problem in one country will cause pressures for higher interest rates in all remaining countries. This consequently could trigger inflationary pressures in all countries. Further, unemployment will rise and recession will come up in all other countries. Hence, a "financial problem" in one country in debt trouble could spread into the "financially healthy" countries. Thus, the larger the number the borrowing countries the more severe the repercussions. The sample covers most industrialized world. Data are taken from World Bank. The elaboration of these panel data is made feasible by means of the Eviews software package.


The growing need for personalization and device independence calls for effective ways of engineering adaptive Web applications. This requires formats, languages and structured process models that allow developers to design and express adaptation, but also appropriate authoring tools. Still, current Web authoring tools do not provide sufficient adaptation support. Recently, the AMACONT project introduced a component-based document format aiming at efficiently composing adaptive Web applications from reusable Web components. This paper focuses on the development of such applications and presents a visual authoring tool called AMACONTBuilder. Based on a structured authoring process it is shown how it can be utilized for effectively creating AMACONT applications.


Aim: To determine the incidence of retinopathy in patients newly diagnosed with type-II diabetes mellitus. Place and Duration: Alshifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi and Ophthalmology Department, CMH, Lahore for six-months duration from January 2022 to June 2022. Methods: The study included 200 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed within the previous two months and selected with non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Diabetes was diagnosed on the basis of two consecutive values of random blood glucose (RBS), fasting blood glucose (FBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c)> 200 mg / dL according to the following criteria defined by the World Organization (WHO) which was revised in 1999 and 2006. All patients underwent detailed examination of the retina for diabetic retinopathy evaluation using biomicroscopic slit lamp and +90 Diopter lens. SPSS-21.0 was used for the data analysis. For each variable, descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: 200 patients in total were enrolled in this study. The participants ranged in age from 31 to 60 years, with the majority were in the 4th decade (mean age: 51.50 ± 9.02). 30 individuals (15%) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes had diabetic retinopathy. From 30 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus; the background retinopathy was seen in 18 (60%) of patients, pre proliferative retinopathy was observed in 8 (26.7%) of patients and proliferative retinopathy was seen in 3 (13.3%). Patients with diabetic retinopathy had a HbA1C (%) of 9.8± 1.2, while those without the diabetic retinopathy had HbA1c of 7.1 ± 2.2. Conclusions: We found that the incidence of retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is 15%, which underlines the value of a comprehensive ophthalmological assessment of all diabetic patients at diagnosis. Keywords: Retinopathy, Type-II diabetes mellitus and incidence.


Tracer studies reveal that part of the K (Harris, 1952, 1953) and part of the Na (Conway & Carey, 1955) of frog muscle do not equilibrate with the respective tracer applied to the outside. The question arises: what is the site of the unexchanged part in each case? It may happen that there are two distinct fractions present, one which exchanges fully, and the other relatively inexchangeable, or there may be a graduated ease of exchange as would arise, for example, if the ions were held on sites of differing energies of absorption or different distances from the periphery. The observation of Tobias (1950) that a small fraction of the Na cannot be leached out of muscle by prolonged soaking in distilled water,s\ggests some firm binding for part of the Na. In the present paper the specific radioactivity of the Na or K has been determined in successive extracts from muscles previously soaked in the respective tracer. The inextractable Na proves to acquire little radioactivity. The K of muscle and nerve proves to undergo a non-uniform degree of exchange with the tracer so that the specific activity diminishes in successive extracts. Furthermore, exchange of the final fractions is far from complete even after long pretreatment with tracer. A possible explanation for the behaviour of the K can be provided if movement of this ion takes place through long pores or in a matrix of fixed charges. In these conditions the rate of tracer movement against a net outward movement can become zero before full exchange has been reached.


Attenuation models derived from recorded ground motions are still important elements of probabilistic seismic hazard studies. Many attenuation models have been published for different parts of the world and for different types of earthquakes. Most models have a simple function of source distance – constant or magnitude-dependent geometric spreading, and seldom consider well-known seismological effects such as Moho reflection for shallow crustal earthquakes, multiple travel paths and constructive interference for subduction earthquakes. In the present study, a large set of strong-motion records obtained from dense recording networks in Japan is used to derive geometric attenuation functional form. The present study proposes a set of geometric attenuation function forms to account for these well-known seismological parameters and plausible explanations of the physical process. The proposed model shows a large increase in the maximum likelihood from the random effects methodology, the elimination of bias in the distribution of residuals with respect to source distance, and much improved fitting for well-recorded earthquakes.


905 A summary of comments is most easily accomplished using the above themes along with additional issues and concerns of the respondents. Importantly, a significant percentage of the 201 comments were supportive of our efforts, the friendliness of the journal staff, the review process, journal content, and clinical practice utility of the articles. However, it is also important to address concerns raised by some of the AJR authors. These concerns are summarized below:


USP14 is a cysteine-protease deubiquitinase associated with the proteasome and plays important catalytic and allosteric roles in proteasomal degradation. USP14 inhibition has been considered a therapeutic strategy for accelerating degradation of aggregation-prone proteins in neurodegenerative diseases and for inhibiting proteasome function to induce apoptotic cell death in cancers. Here we studied the effects of USP14 inhibition in mammalian cells using small molecule inhibitors and an inactive USP14 mutant C114A. Neither the inhibitors nor USP14 C114A changed the level of TDP-43, tau or α-synuclein in HEK293T cells. However, USP14 C114A led to an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, which were isolated by ubiquitin immunoprecipitation and identified by mass spectrometry. Among these proteins we confirmed that ubiquitinated β-catenin was accumulated in the cells expressing USP14 C114A with biochemistry and molecular biology experiments. The proteasome binding of USP14 C114A is required for its effect on ubiquitinated proteins. UCHL5 is the other cysteine-protease deubiquitinase associated with the proteasome. Interestingly, the inactive mutant of UCHL5 C88A also caused an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in HEK293T cells but did not affect β-catenin. Using ubiquitin immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we identified the accumulated ubiquitinated proteins in UCHL5 C88A expressing cells which are mostly distinct from those accumulated in USP14 C114A expressing cells. Among the identified proteins are well established proteasome substrates and proteasome subunits. Together our data suggest that USP14 and UCHL5 can deubiquitinate distinct substrates at the proteasome and regulate the ubiquitination of the proteasome itself which is tightly linked to its function.


A processing route for the generation of functionally graded parts from steels showing twinning-induced plasticity is proposed. The procedure employing pre-deformation and local heat treatment allows for tailoring local properties with a high degree of freedom. Quasi-static tension tests revealed that no process-induced drawbacks are present, so that functionally graded parts of unprecedented performance become feasible.


The lives of others won most of the top European and international film prizes between 2006 and 2007, including seven Lolas and an Oscar, but it has also been heavily attacked by some critics both for its sympathetic portrait of a Stasi officer and for its misogynistic portrait of a faithless, drug-addicted actress (e.g., Porton; Foundas). The monstrous Gerd Wiesler, critics have argued, is magically transformed into "the Good Man" of Georg Dreyman's novel after his sudden exposure to theater, poetry, and music, and the vulnerable Christa-Maria Sieland (Mar- tina Gedeck) must be sacrificed to the film's central love story, that between Wiesler (Ulrich Muhe) and Dreyman (Sebastian Koch). In my view, much of this negative criticism implicitly acknowledges that Lives is tremendously suc- cessful at authentically recreating the East Ber- lin of the 1980s. The film captures the bleak- ness of the architecture, the cuisine, and the fashion in such unnerving detail that reviews insistently demand that the film deliver docu- mentary accuracy. I too responded to the film's authenticity and found its recreation of the East Berlin I had visited in 1983 uncanny and unset- tling. Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck took pains to film on location in the rare streets that had not been transformed after the fall of the Berlin Wall. He refined the palette of the film to capture the sense of color in the German Demo- cratic Republic (GDR), so that greens stand in for blues and orange-browns replace reds (von Donnersmarck, Interview on DVD). Visually, the film strives for the quality of documentary.But The Lives of Others is not a documentary. Although he researched his subject thoroughly for four years, von Donnersmarck's understand- ing of character, his interest in relationships, and his belief in the transformative power of art do not come from history, but from an educa- tion in classic Western cinema. We do not fault Casablanca (1942) or Rome, Open City (1945) for being sentimental. We do not blame The Red Shoes (1948) or The Third Man (1949) for being overblown. Instead, we celebrate these films for the courage of their sentimentality and hyperbole. And von Donnersmarck's first film is an homage to his cinematic heritage. The per- formance of Martina Gedeck cannot be divorced from the iconic performances of Ingrid Berg- man, Alida Valli, Anna Magnani, Moira Shearer, and Julie Christie on which hers is based. And an awareness of Wiesler's cinematic anteced- ents complicates any simple reading of him as a "good man."These antecedents have been largely over- shadowed by the ideological critiques of Lives. Anna Funder, the author of Stasiland, an ex- traordinary book about life in the GDR, fears that Lives is fostering a new form of Ostalgie.Groups of ex-Stasi are becoming increasingly belligerent. They write articles and books, and conduct lawsuits against people who speak out against them, including against the German publisher of Stasiland. . . . The system demanded such loyalty . . . that most ex-Stasi are still true believers. A story such as Wiesler's plays into their hands as they fight for their reputation. (Funder, "Tyranny of Terror")Funder admires Lives: "I think the film deserves its public and critical acclaim. It is a superb film, a thing of beauty. But it could not have taken place (and never did) under the GDR dic- tatorship. . . . No Stasi man ever tried to save his victims, because it was impossible. We'd know if one had, because the files are so com- prehensive" ("Tyranny").Whereas Funder argues that von Donners- marck is taking brutal fact and turning it into "fantasy narrative," I argue exactly the oppo- site. Von Donnersmarck's particular achieve- ment is using his cinematic influences-almost all of which are fantasy narratives-and trans- forming these into a film that many critics have misread as an attempt at documentary real- ity. Yet an intertextual reading that accounts for these fantasy narratives can do much to shatter this misperception. …


The invention discloses a latent semantic image retrieval method of region-oriented multi-feature integration and multi-level feedback. It uses result list returned by the initial keyword search, extracting a variety of region-oriented images characteristics, constructing attribute-image matrix, using latent semantic indexing algorithm to get the semantic space of image sets and semantic features of each image, and then using similar images by users feedback to construct or update image query vector, searching again the semantic space, calculating image semantics features and images inquiries vector similarity, getting outcome sets by descending order, and repeatable retrieval. The invention takes full advantage of image content information, making up for the deficiencies of the keyword search, and through the region-oriented multi-feature integration, enhances image content information from the bottom physical layer to the object layer, then further enhances to the semantic layer by HCI feedback, thereby reducing the gap between the image bottom features and high-level semantic, and allowing Web image retrieval to get higher retrieval accuracy.


Teacher education programs are at a critical link for the preparation of teachers who possess an ethical stance regarding the knowledge, skills, and dispositions required to intervene effectively with all students. Therefore, teacher education is taking center stage in the discussion relevant to teacher quality and its effectiveness on the achievement of diverse students in urban settings. Learning climates and expectations must be created where self-reflection and critical cultural consciousness are part of the routine, normative demands of teacher education if systemic change is to occur. The author contends that it is essential that candidates possess more than pedagogical knowledge but also the essential dispositions to affirm and embrace all students. Therefore, agendas should be espoused that promote educational equity for all students, while ensuring that indeed no child is left behind.


We calculate radiative corrections to the Casimir effect for the massive complex scalar field with the $\lambda\phi^{4}$ self-interaction in $d+1$ dimensions. We consider the field submitted to four types of boundary conditions on two parallel planes, namely: (i) quasi-periodic boundary conditions, which interpolates continuously periodic and anti-periodic ones, (ii) Dirichlet conditions on both planes, (iii) Neumann conditions on both planes and (iv) mixed conditions, that is, Dirichlet on one plane and Neumann on the other one.


We have ventured this year to the interior of Brazil, to a state called Minas Gerais, abbreviated from 'Minas dos Matos Gerais', which literally means 'Mines of the General Woods' and refers to two large geographical spaces dominant in this (very large) state: the Sertão the dry Brazilian highlands and what has now come to be called the Quadrilátero Ferrífero a mineral-rich area that for centuries has seen urbanization activity in the form of mining towns, and cargo infrastructure. This is also the place that the city of Belo Horizonte is capital of today the third most populous metropolitan region of Brazil, right after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, hosting twenty cities and 5.5 mil. inhabitants. Compared to the extensive activities that have been happening on the land this metropolis is very young, founded in 1897, and stands on top of this land in a very complex series of relations to its surroundings, performing its metropolitan duty, but also in instances ambiguously autonomous, disconnected even. Our understanding of cities emerging and reigning over extensive physical domains territories seems to not apply here at all: an alluring case study to broaden our knowledge on contemporary forms on urbanization, and the ways in which cities relate back to their (hinter)land.


In accordance with the practical situations of marine diesel engine,the imbalance vibration monitoring significance for marine diesel engine crankshaft system was discussed and as well the reasons and harms of the imbalance vibrations were analyzed.The vibration monitoring system for marine diesel engine crankshaft was put forward.The application program for signal acquisition,signal analysis and signal monitoring were designed by Labview language.The method of least square was proposed to fit the first few order branch amount of the crankshaft vibration signal.The feasibility of the proposed system and method are tested via experiments.


In this paper we present the behavior of the Sunshine ATM switch for variable bit rate MPEG video sources. The Sunshine switch is the main distribution element of our near video-on-demand (NVOD) system. We are adding a copy network to the basic Sunshine architecture in order to provide it with a multicasting capability. Basically, our system consists of a cascade of a NVOD server, a copy network, a Sunshine switch, and the users. Requests for new movies can be served each 5 minutes. We investigate, by making extensive simulations, the complexity of the switch for light, medium, and heavy MPEG traffic. Important dimensioning parameters investigated are the number of recirculators and the number of banyan networks in the switch for a cell blocking probability of 10-6. Our video traffic simulator generates MPEG video traffic for a videoconference-type of sources with a few different scenes and Gamma distributed holding times.


A method for manufacturing a CMOS image sensor is provided to improve the sensibility and to reduce the crosstalk by reducing the loss of light and decreasing the distance between a microlens and a photodiode using a decreased thickness of an interlayer dielectric at a portion between the microlens and the photodiode. A plurality of photodiodes(201) and a variety of transistors(202) are formed on a semiconductor substrate(200). A first interlayer dielectric(203) is formed on the resultant structure. A first metal line is formed on the first interlayer dielectric of a sensing region and a peripheral driving region. A second interlayer dielectric(204) is formed on the resultant structure. A second metal line is formed on the second interlayer dielectric of the sensing region and peripheral driving region. A third interlayer dielectric(206) is formed thereon. A third metal line is formed on the third interlayer dielectric of the peripheral driving region. A fourth interlayer dielectric(207) is formed thereon. A fourth metal line is formed on the fourth interlayer dielectric of the peripheral driving region. A pad is formed on the fourth interlayer dielectric of a pad region. A planarization layer(209) is formed on the resultant structure. The planarization layer and the fourth interlayer dielectric are removed from a sensing region of the resultant structure and the planarization layer is removed from an upper portion of the pad.


Second harmonic microscopy has been used to quantify the surface diffusion of In on Si(111). At temperatures near 50% of the bulk melting temperature and in the coverage range 0<θ<0.7, the activation energy Ediff and pre‐exponential factor D0 lie at 42±0.5 kcal/mol and 3×103±0.3 cm2/s, respectively. These parameters, which are quite large, are explained semiquantitatively by reference to an adatom–vacancy model recently developed for related systems. The present work, when compared with the results of these other systems, offers significant evidence for the effects of adatom–vacancy ionization.


An optical film is provided to ensure excellent optical characteristic and low change a phase shift value by external stress, to control a photoelastic coefficient, and to reduce light leakage phenomenon. An optical film comprises a phenoxy-based resin and a (meth)acrylic resin. The phenoxy-based resin comprises a compound represented by chemical formula 1. In chemical formula 1, n is an integer of 5-7,000. The number average molecular weight of the phenoxy-based resin is 1,500-2,000,000. The thickness of the optical film is 5-500 micron.


We derive an asymptotic solution of the Einstein field equations which describes the propagation of a thin, large amplitude gravitational wave into a curved space–time. The resulting equations have the same form as the colliding plane wave equations without one of the usual constraint equations.


Grupo de Investigacion Interdisciplinario de Estudios Pedagogicos (GIDEP).-- Linea de Investigacion: Pedagogias Criticas.-- Area: educacion.-- Tema: pedagogia critica para la formacion. In this work we find important journal articles, books, citations on critical pedagogues who studied all his life looking for a socio-cultural change in order to improve education. Readers will discover the importance of language and respect for the academy, for personal and social growth of human beings. Being not born becomes and society is responsible to grow or stagnate in global development. In conclusion it may have a small critical essay on the state of education and training in Colombian society because of the monopoly, and racial or economic discrimination that idealizes educational standards leading them to an elite or ordinary people.


Background and Aim:  Many studies have reported poor results with standard first‐line treatment for Helicobacter pylori. Second‐line regimens that may overcome bacterial resistance can minimize side‐effects and optimize compliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and bismuth subcitrate‐based quadruple therapy, after failure of a PPI plus clarithromycin and amoxicillin as first‐line therapy.


We present a fully analytical theory for the modeling of the electronic transport and noise properties of ballistic n/sup +/-i-n/sup +/ nanodiodes. The theory includes in a general way the effects of the Pauli exclusion principle and of the long range coulomb interaction. By means of the theory we explore the variety of behaviors exhibited by the current-voltage and the current noise properties for different device parameters (sample length, contact doping). Monte Carlo simulations are used to corroborate the theoretical predictions.


The "weakening-repair" process in the working alliances of 10 supervisory dyads was examined. Trainees' level of professional development affected both the type of weakening event and supervisors' repair behaviors. Other important determinants of this process were the power differential between supervisor and trainee, as well as the evaluative function of the supervisor.


Spiral inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts are likely to have formed due to simultaneous growth and rotation of the crystals, during syn‐metamorphic deformation. Thus, they contain information on the strain rate of the rock. Strain rates may be interpreted from such inclusion trails if two functions are known: (1) The relationship between rotation rate and shear strain rate; (2) the growth rate of the crystal. We have investigated details of both functions using a garnetiferous mica schist from the eastern European Alps as an example. The rotation rate of garnet porphyroblasts was determined using finite element modelling of the geometrical arrangement of the crystals in the rock. The growth rate of the porphyroblasts was determined by using the major and trace element distributions in garnet crystals, thermodynamic pseudosections and information on the grain size distribution. For the largest porphyroblast size fraction (size L=12 mm) we constrain a growth interval between 540 and 590 °C during the prograde evolution of the rock. Assuming a reasonable heating rate and using the angular geometry of the spiral inclusion trails we are able to suggest that the mean strain rate during crystal growth was of the order of =6.6 × 10−14 s−1. These estimates are consistent with independent estimates for the strain rates during the evolution of this part of the Alpine orogen.


The aim of this study was to compare the role of cost, time and attractiveness in predicting the participation level of the students of Tehran universities during their leisure time physical activities. This study is an applied and descriptive correlational survey study. The study population included students at public universities of Tehran. The sample consisted of 390 individuals who had chosen by the Morgan Table in the multistage cluster and randomly. The instrument of study was a Researchers developed questionnaire that was included 42 items. Its validity was confirmed by sports management and communication experts. To assess the reliability of questionnaire a pilot study was done on 30 students using Cronbach's Alpha was equal to the average reliability 0/87.Data analyzing was done by K-S test, binary logitregression analysis and T-test according to variable conditions. The most important findings were that the only attractiveness (the facility and fields of recreational sports) factor predicted the level of student participation in leisure-time physical activities. Obtained odds ratio (OR = 1.073) is indicating an increased level of participation with increasing attractiveness rates simultaneously. The results showed that the Constraining effect of cost and time was adjusted by attractiveness.


Desulphuration of a number of heterocyclic thiols by treatment with nickel boride in aqueous solution at 200° is reported. Some other were unchanged after similar treatment. Refluxing ethylene glycol provided an alternative reaction medium.


Introdution: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on Klotho levels of the brain tissue. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, 25 female Lewis rats, after 2 weeks adaptation to lab environmental, were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1-control; 2- control+ EAE; 3-sham; 4-vitamin D; 5-vitaminD + EAE. Results: The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and to examine the weight changes Mann-Whitney test was used to the research groups. In order to induce EAE, 0.4 ml of solution, a combination of guinea Hindi pig spinal cord and adjuvant ratio was injected to each animal. Klotho levels were measured by ELISA. Finding: There was significantly different in Klotho levels of brain tissue of control+ EAE compared to control group (P=0/001) . There was significant difference in Klotho levels of the brain tissue in EAE +vitamin D group compared to control group (P=0/001) . In addition, the weight of vitamin D+EAE group was more than control+EAE group (P=0/006). Conclusion: Pre-treatment with vitamin D supplementation increases the Klotho levels of brain tissue and may have protective role against EAE .


As technologies around us are emerging at a rapid rate, wireless body sensor networks (WBSN)s are increasingly being deployed to provide comfort and safety to patients. WBSNs can monitor the patient's health and transmit the collected data to a remote location where it can be assessed. Such data is collected and transmitted using low battery devices such as specialized sensors or even smart phones. To elongate the battery life, the energy spent on acquiring, processing and transmitting the data should be minimized. The thesis addresses the case of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. It studies the energy spent in the sensor node, mainly in the processing stage, i.e. after acquiring the data and before transmitting it to a certain receiver-end in a wireless fashion. To minimize this energy, the number of bits to be processed and transmitted must be minimized. Compressive sampling (CS) is ideal for such a purpose as it requires minimal number of computations to compress a signal. For transmitting the signals acquired by CS, we studied their quantization followed by 2 different schemes. Scheme 1 applies lossless Huffman coding for further compression that allows perfect reconstruction. This is followed by a Reed-Solomon (RS) code to protect the data from errors during transmission. Scheme 2 does not apply any further compression. It only


This analysis of several early cases brought under the AML shows that civil litigation is already beginning to impact business behavior. Lester Ross (WilmerHale)


We analyse the well-posedness of the initial value problem for the dissipative quasigeostrophic equations in the subcritical case. Mild solutions are obtained in several spaces with the right homogeneity to allow the existence of self-similar solutions. We prove that the only small self-similar solution in the strong Lp space is the null solution while infinitely many self-similar solutions do exist in weak-Lp spaces and in a recently introduced [6] space of tempered distributions. The asymptotic stability of solutions is obtained in both spaces, and as a consequence, a criterium of self-similarity persistence at large times is obtained.


Scaling laws are presented for the propulsive performance of rigid foils undergoing oscillatory motion in water. Water tunnel experiments on a nominally two-dimensional foil show that the scaling laws provide an excellent description of the data for thrust, power, and efficiency. The scaling laws are then extended to account for the effects of non-sinusoidal motions by using a parameter based on the maximum velocity of the trailing edge, which describes the experiments on non-sinusoidal gaits described by Jacobi elliptic functions reasonably well. Lastly, intermittent motions are considered. The thrust and power is shown to scale linearly with the duty cycle, and scaling laws for the energetics are presented. Intermittent motions are generally energetically advantageous over continuous motions, unless metabolic energy losses are sufficiently high.


A graph is called hidden if the edges are not explicitly given and edge probe tests are required to detect the presence of edges. This paper studies the k most connected vertices (kMCV) problem on hidden bipartite graphs, which has applications in spatial databases, graph databases, and bioinformatics. There is a prior work on the kMCV problem, which is based on the "2-vertex testing" model, i.e., an edge probe test can only reveal the existence of an edge between two individual vertices. We study the kMCV problem, in the context of a more general edge probe test model called "group testing." A group test can reveal whether there exists some edge between a vertex and a group of vertices. If group testing is used properly, a single invocation of a group test can reveal as much information as multiple invocations of 2-vertex tests. We discuss the cases and applications where group testing could be used, and present an algorithm, namely, GMCV, that adaptively leverages group testing to solve the kMCV problem.


It is noted that, for most of the mechanisms for the strong electric fields that characterize the narrow regions in which there is acceleration and precipitation of ring current and/or plasma-sheet plasma, certain effects must be taken into account in simulations of auroral electric fields. The effects are those of auroral particle anisotropy, of mirror forces due to the inhomogeneous geomagnetic field, of auroral electron backscatter by the atmosphere, and of electron trapping by the combination of magnetic mirroring and electrostatic forces. What is more, the effects of the very strong perpendicular electric field must also be taken into account in a kinetic description of the Poisson equation in order to achieve a unified theory of the auroral electrostatic structure. Progress in these areas during the past few years is reviewed. It is shown that particle anisotropies and mirror forces can account for some basic electrostatic features of the quiet arc, while additional effects may be occurring in strong events in which the parallel potential drop is more than about 10 kV.


The objective of this Bachelor thesis is to create an application for biathlon race of reconstruction with using simulation core and online animation. The objective is to create an animation, that will show continuous progress biathlon race of reconstruction including shooting animation on the shooting range. The program will be based on stochastic input data. It will display the racer position on a trace with a certain scope. The track will be completable before the race by the user. Input data will saved and loaded from text files. Output from program data will be available only as animation and in numeric form.


The Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) population may be extirpated during the next 100-200 years unless mortality rates stabilize and remain at acceptable low levels. Consequently, we analyzed relationships between Yellowstone grizzly bear mortality and frequency of human habituation among bears and size of the whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seed crop. During years of large seed crops, bears used areas within 5 km of roads and 8 km of developments half as intensively as during years of small seed crops because whitebark pine's high elevation distribution is typically remote from human facilities


Objectives: To examine the osteoinductivity of combination of recombinant human BMP 2 (rhBMP 2), collagen and coral. Methods:The combination of rhBMP 2, collagen and coral disc was implanted in a back muscle pouch of the rat, and combination of coral and rhBMP 2 or coral and collagen only used as the control. One or four weeks after implantation, osteoinduction was examined by histological evaluation and histomorphometry. Results: All implants of coral/collegan/rhBMP 2 showed cartilage on the surface and in the pores of coral at one week, lamellar bone with bone marrow at four weeks and the coral was absorbed partially, and the induced formation of cartilage and bone was rhBMP 2 dose related. All implants of coral/rhBMP 2 or coral/collagen did not show any bone or cartilage formation. Conclusions: The combination of rhBMP 2, collagen and coral possesses a superior osteoinductivity and would be expected to develop as a `self regenerating bone implant' for clinical use in the future.


The invention relates to a flexible cambered-surface polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric sensor and a manufacture method, which belong to the technical field of sensors. The manufacture method is that liquid double-component organic silica gel is made into a flexible silica gel substrate with the cambered surface, a polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film is adhered to the cambered surface of the flexible silica gel substrate, protection layers are covered on the upper surface and the lower surface of the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film to serve as an upper insulation protection layer and a lower insulation protection layer, and the flexible cambered-surface polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric sensor is manufactured. The polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric sensor is compact in structure, amplifies stress and strain of the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film by using the cambered-surface full-flexibility substrate structure, and improves output voltage and sensitivity of the sensor. The sensor can be applied to the fields of pulse measurement, weak vibration, micro force detection and the like.


This work presents a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and density functional theory (DFT) study on neutral and deprotonated molecular forms of zidovudine. A pKa value of 9.55 was found for this compound, the deprotonation occurring at the imide nitrogen of the pyrimidine ring. The characteristic bands of the SERS spectra were assigned considering both, the calculated vibrational wavenumbers and Raman intensity pattern. The adsorption geometry on the silver surface of zidovudine was derived based on the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and the selective Raman bands enhancement.


ABSTRACT
 The organic movement have considered itself the growing drive for today's consumers purchasing behaviour and growing attention from mainstream media. However, it has not fully received the attention to increase the organic tea industry to benefit humanity and natural ecosystems. The effect is that the future is uncertain as current challenges continue to pose threats to the industry. A systematic review was done to examine the overview of organic tea production challenges and prospects within the scope of sustainable farming. The findings showed that the unprecedented challenges are currently facing the global organic tea industry, which includes high competition for agricultural land, convention of organic lands for other purposes and urbanization activities in tea-growing countries. Biotic and abiotic stresses are major limits to agricultural production. Lack of knowledge on organic practices and high input costs affect the adoption of organic farming. However, the growth and new marketing trends in Asia-Pacific is an excellent sustainable indicator. Besides, stakeholders commitment is needed to implement and comply with applicable laws and supports to ensure industry development and sustainability. The current study is the first to have put together literatures on the global challenges and prospects of the organic tea industry within sustainable agriculture.


This dissertation is devoted to an historical study of ancient societies in precolonial gabon and surrounding places, mainly on the coastal line extending from mount cameroon and southward to congo river estuary, till early 17th century, at a time of forming trade system between african coastal societies and european nations. Multiplicated during last decades, archeological data showed that first hunters-gatherers societies had been taken over by true agriculturing or gardening peoples (perhaps the first bantu speakers in the region) in the whole area, during a long transitional period, along the lsa (late stone age). Traces of iron smelting is dated of last millenium bc. This technology seems to have beeen diffused from north (and maybe east) to south, along hilltops more probably than valleys and seaside. When discovering the coast, portuguese captains (among whom pacheco pereiera, our first written record) found very different peoples living on each part of the equator: on the north, naked populations vith a segmentary organisation; on the south, around congo river bassin, kingdoms where clothing was of paramount social and political importance. European presence along the coast as well as colonisation of sao tome island generated a partial christianisation of various african peoples and material changes such as introducing new crops, mainly cassava. Due to congo kingdom expansion, complex ethnic migrations occured from the interior on, and back from a very disputed littoral. More precisely, studying this general movement led to a new and accurate defining for historical importance of such peoples as former bramas, ambous and anzicos, or modern mpongwe and myene, duala, ngola and bakuba.


The Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate(KDP) crystal is used as key non-linear optical material in Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF). Traditional photoprocessing methods such as grinding and polishing are not suitable and Single Point Diamond Fly Cutting is adopted because of its special physicochemical characteristics. A method of observing KDP chips to study cutting mechanics has been presented in this paper. The KDP crystal was processed by a mono diamond tool with arc-nose, and plastic deformation can be found in the inside chip by optical microscope, also apparent transition of brittle fracture to plastic deformation can be found along the width direction of chips. By this method, chips in different cutting parameters were compared to study the relationship between critical thickness of ductile removal and cutting parameters like cutting depth and feedrate. Cutting experiments along different direction on different crystal planes were operated to research anisotropic characteristic of KDP crystal.


The utility model discloses a baking device of a slab continuous casting tundish collector nozzle. The baking device comprises a furnace body (1), a support plate (2), a furnace door (3), a durable material (5) and gas nozzles (6). The baking device is characterized in that a layer of self-flowing castable durable material (5) is poured on an inner wall of the furnace body (1), the support plate (2) is arranged on a lateral wall of the upper end of the inside of the furnace body (1), a U-shaped opening is arranged in the middle of the support plate (2) facing to the furnace door (3) and used for fixing the tundish collector nozzle (4), and the gas nozzles (6) are arranged on the lower portion of two sides of the furnace body (1) corresponding to lateral holes of the lower portion of the tundish collector nozzle (4), and the furnace body (1), the furnace door (3) and the support plate (2) are all made of steel plates. The backing device is simple in structure and good in backing effects of the tundish collector nozzle, and reduces consumption of the durable material.


This paper investigates the intergenerational effects of education in Japan using a nonparametric bounds approach. The educational levels of parents are considered key factors in explaining children's educational success. Nevertheless, the literature has not reached consensus on the causal effects of parents' education on their child's schooling. This is because both parents' and the child's schooling depend on unobserved heterogeneity. Moreover, the strong positive correlation of the mother's and father's schooling makes it difficult to separate the effects of each parent's schooling, making it unclear how to control spousal schooling in the analysis. Therefore, this paper estimates a set of semi-ordered vectors of both parents' schooling as an application of the nonparametric bounds method with multiple treatments. It thus derives bounds depending on relatively weak semi-monotonicity assumptions on treatment response, selection, and instrumental variables. A combination of these assumptions provides informative bounds on the average treatment effect of both parents' education on their child's schooling. The main results show that the tightest lower bounds suggest the positive causal effects of parents' schooling, but the tightest upper bounds on the effects are lower than the point estimates that rely on the assumptions of an exogenous selection for parents' schooling. These results suggest that simple regressions overestimate the true causal effect of parents' education.


This paper introduces the development situation of state-owned nurseries in Shanxi Province,analyzes the existing problems,and puts forward some suggestions on promoting the development of state-owned nurseries in Shanxi Province and making greater contributions for further implementing the strategy of developing the province through ecological protection and constructing the green Shanxi.