abstract Article history:Received 30 July 2013Available online 13 September 2013Keywords:AngiocidinLeukemiaDifferentiation therapy Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant proliferative disorder in which leukemic cells fail to terminallydifferentiate and accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. Standard AML therapy requires intensive chemo-therapy with a low rate of durable remission and is associated with significant treatment-related toxicity, espe-cially in elderly patients. Therefore, new therapeutic options for the treatment of AML are urgently needed. Wepreviouslyreportedthatthenovelangiogenicinhibitor,angiocidin,inducesdifferentiationofmonocytestomac-rophages. Here we investigate the effects of angiocidinon AMLcells lines and primary AML cells. Differentiationwasassessedbyflowcytometrymeasuringtheincreaseinexpressionofcellsurfacemarkercharacteristicofnor-mal macrophages. Four AML cell lines (THP-1, Mono-mac-1, HL-60 and MV4-11) and 5 of 10 primary humanAML samples showed evidence of differentiation when cultured in vitro for 24 h with 10 μg/mL angiocidin.Additionally, we found that angiocidin promoted secretion of a number of cytokines from the cell lines as wellas patient cells. We next evaluated the effect of angiocidin on a xenotransplanted primary human AML sampleengrafted in NSG mice. We found angiocidin monotherapy reduced the human AML burden in bone marrowby 63% relative to untreated control. Interestingly, angiocidin + cytosine arabinoside (Ara–C) combinationtherapy reduced human AML in bone marrow by 79%. We believe the combination of in vitro data supportingthe capacity of angiocidin to drive differentiation in multiple AML cell lines and primary human AML samplesand its activity in a xenotransplantation model that reproduces the human disease is significant. These observa-tions support the continued evaluation and development of angiocidin as a potential novel, non-toxic therapyfor AML.© 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Subduction zones are open paths for the exchange of volatile elements between the geosphere and the atmo-, hydro- and biospheres on Earth. Water is present in the subducting slab as hydrated minerals and is released at high pressure (P) and temperature (T) during the subduction. This results in a hydrated mantle wedge, and eventually promotes volcanism in the fore-arc and back-arc regions. The water cycle can be tracked by measuring the – D of various geochemical observables. In particular, – D measured in melt inclusions trapped in crystals in back-arc magmas may reflect the – D of the slab fluids. From those values, it may be possible to assess the amount of water released from the slab to the mantle wedge by using mass balance models. However, this relies on knowledge of how D and H fractionate between silicate melts and aqueous fluids at high P and T. Results from in situ experiments of silicate-H 2 O systems in a Hydrothermal Diamond Anvil Cell (HDAC) show that 1000 ln ( fi melt − fluid = [D/H] melt /[D/H] fluid ) values can reach -100 ‰ at 1073 K and ∼ 1 GPa, conditions similar to those at the onset of fluid-saturated melting in subduction settings. Such values are high, particularly when compared to those observed in minerals: for instance, the 1000 ln ( fi phlogopite − fluid ) is about 7 ‰ at D and H populate the same environments, but H is more concentrated in an environment with an oxygen-oxygen distance around 295 pm. Therefore, D and H do not have the same distribution within the structure of melts at their glass transition temperature. This may arise from a volume effect and/or from an isotopic effect on the equilibrium H 2 O mol + OD *) D 2 O mol + OH. In any case, this effect, in turn, can explain the large fractionation factors observed in the HDAC experiments. They may also lead to large – D variations in subduction zone processes, which makes use of – D to trace water cycling more complex.


This article aims to determine the most appropriate liability regime foraccidents caused by Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) resulting in personalinjury or death. The motivation for this research lies in the fact thatAVs are currently not adequately regulated within South Africanlegislation. Seeing as the regulation of AVs should begin sooner ratherthan later, it is essential to examine the capability of the Road AccidentFund (RAF) to provide for AVs and consider other possible liabilityregimes. The article will focus on the RAF Act and the possibility ofincluding the definition of AVs under section 1 thereof. The RAF Actcurrently defines a motor car as a motor vehicle designed or adaptedfor the conveyance of not more than ten persons, including the driver.The article will analyse the Civil Aviation Act (Aviation Act) to propose aregime where the owners of AVs are required to have private insurance.Section 8(5) of the Aviation Act will form the basis for the proposedregime change as this section holds that a registered owner or operatorof an aircraft must have insurance as prescribed for any damage or lossthat is caused by an aircraft to any person or property on land or water.


With the winding loss characters of single-mode fiber-optic,the winding fiber-optic strain sensor based on light intensity modulation is designed.And the fiber-optic initial loss in different winding diameters,winding pitches and cylinder numbers is researched.And then it got the conclusion that the initial loss can increase with the winding diameter enlargement,winding pitch reduction and cylinder number increment.


. We explore the interplay between the elastic scattering of photoelectrons and the surface core level shifts with regard to the determination of core level binding energies in Au(111) and Cu 3 Au(100). We find that an artificial shift is created in the binding energies of the Au 4 f core levels, that exhibits a dependence on the emission angle, as well as on the spectral intensity of the core level emission itself. Using a simple model, we are able to reproduce the angular dependence of the shift and relate it to the anisotropy in the electron emission from the bulk layers. Our results demonstrate that interpretation of variation of the binding energy of core-levels should be conducted with great care and must take into account the possible influence of artificial shifts induced by elastic scattering.


With the increased and continuous threat of terrorist attacks in public areas, new sensors are required to safeguard the public from homemade explosive devices. Current commercial sensors for explosive vapors are high-cost, bulky equipment, not amenable to mass production, thus limiting their widespread deployment within society. We are conducting research on polymer-based microsensors that can overcome these limitations. Our devices offer an approach to the realization of low-cost sensors that can readily be placed as a network of electronic sentinels that can be permanently located in the areas of public access. The polymers are chemically tailored to have a high affinity for nitro and peroxide vapors and are grown electrochemically on microelectrodes. Novel nanoporous polymer-based sensors are demonstrated with a detection level of 200 ppb of nitro vapors. In addition, a prototype reversible sensor for peroxide vapors is demonstrated to low ppm concentrations.


Highlight Semi-Rolled Leaf2 encodes a novel plant-specific protein that modulates leaf rolling by regulating cell development in the abaxial sides of rice leaves.


Vipera pontica sp.n. from northeastern Turkey and Transcaucasia is a member of the Vipera kaznakovi group characterized by partial fragmentation of frontal and parietals, sharp canthus rostralis, and a colour pattern on the head of the Vipera dinnicki type. It differs from all vipers in the Near and Middle East in having an upturned but hornless snout, and in a number of scalation and colour pattern characters. It is most similar to the west European V. aspis, but differs in having a yellow green tail tip, more loreals and fewer subcaudals. The affinities to the latter species as well as to V. barani are discussed.


The individual effects of heterogeneity and roughness on contact angles have been repeatedly analysed in the literature, but the application of the accepted models to practical situations is often not correctly performed. In the present paper the combined effects of roughness and heterogeneity on the contact angles of water on stone surfaces protected by a hydrophobic polymer coating are considered. Two different kinds of calcareous stone with different surface roughnesses and porosities were protected against the effect of water absorption by two different polymer coatings. The contact angles of water on the protected stone surfaces were measured by the Wilhelmy and the sessile drop techniques. A comparison of the results obtained shows not only the limits of the static sessile drop technique, but also the combined effect of roughness and heterogeneity. Some considerations are developed on the application of commonly accepted models to surfaces with a combination of roughness and heterogeneity. Some other results obtained with techniques such as roughness measurements, mercury porosimetry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water absorption by capillarity experiments (WAC), all able to show the structure and properties of the obtained films, are also compared with those obtained from contact angle measurements. It is concluded that the static contact angle is not well correlated with the degree of protection; on the contrary, the receding contact angles are well correlated with the degree of protection actually obtained. An ideal protecting agent should have a receding contact angle greater than 90°.


A methodology for synthesizinng systems identification, both parameter and state, estimation and related control schemes for flexible aerospace structures is developed with emphasis on the Maypole hoop column antenna as a real world application. Modeling studies of the Maypole cable hoop membrane type antenna are conducted using a transfer matrix numerical analysis approach. This methodology was chosen as particularly well suited for handling a large number of antenna configurations of a generic type. A dedicated transfer matrix analysis, both by virtue of its specialization and the inherently easy compartmentalization of the formulation and numerical procedures, is significantly more efficient not only in computer time required but, more importantly, in the time needed to review and interpret the results.


The main features of "green" technologies are conservation and enhancement, efficient use of natural resources. Reducing environmental pollution, preserving ecosystems and biodiversity, increasing incomes and employment of the population. it should be noted that the promotion of "green" technologies will ensure the sustainability of the regions, including at the expense of their own economic efficiency. All these factors have a positive impact on the ecological situation of the region. Green technologies were born on the basis of objective prerequisites: as a result of human activity, there was a sharp deterioration in the state of the environment, megacities and industrial zones. In the twentieth century, all spheres of human activity developed at a rapid pace. But with the evolution of modern society, the conflict has escalated between the desire of a person to live with all the possibilities of the city, and the desire of a person-a living being-to be in harmony with nature. Kazakhstan has accumulated good experience in the use of "green" technologies and obtained the first economic results. With their development, the following new concepts have entered our life: "green" investments", green "construction", green "energy, organic agriculture, etc. The widespread introduction of "green" technologies will allow Kazakhstan to enter a new path and ensure balance, as well as ensure the sustainable development of the economy of the regions. This is understandable, because the effective use of the resource can only be ensured by the wider introduction of "green" technologies.


...................................................................................................................................v TABLES OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................x ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study ...........................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Access to Finance by Small & Medium Enterprises ......................................................... 2 1.1.2 Small & Medium Enterprises in Kiambu Town ................................................................ 5 1.2 Research Problem ......................................................................................................................6 1.3 Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................................10 1.4 Importance of the Study ...........................................................................................................10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................12 2.


An anthology of Nepali Eco-poetry, Tangsing by Raja Puniyani includes nature imageries to focus its eco-theme in most of its poems. The two sections of this anthology as Eco-solo and Eco-chorus contain poems and poems in series respectively. So, the article investigates the nature imageries used in these poems and their connection with eco-theme in all the poems. The article analyses what imageries are used and how they directly and indirectly highlight to the human encroachment into nature and its consequences in future. To address these objectives, ecocritical theory, mainly the idea of Rachel Carson is used. Rachel Carson brings up the idea that how humans past activities leads them towards disastrous future related to nature and ecosystem of the earth. The significance of this study is to contribute to the reader to see the anthology seriously as a message to all human beings to save the earth and its ecosystem. The paper concludes that Tangsing is full of powerful nature imageries containing the eco-theme in almost all the poems in it. It paved the way towards eco-awareness through Nepali literature to address contemporary environmental issues faced by the world.


Homologs of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; Ic), cannabidiol (CBD; IIc) and cannabinol (CBN, IIIc) having butyl, rather than pentyl, side chains on the aromatic ring were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as minor constituents of marijuana samples that also contained propyl cannabinoids. The mass spectra of butyl-THC (Ib), butyl-CBD (IIb), and butyl-CBN (IIIb) are analogous to those of the corresponding propyl and pentyl homologs and are consistent with the proposed structures.


These two books look like they might form a two-volume set, but this is not so. The first is an introduction to ergodic theory suitable as a text for a first course in the subject, with some of the standard results viewed in an unusual light (that of descriptive set theory) and with detailed discussion of several topics of special interest to the author. The second is a survey at an advanced level of parts of the interaction of measure-preserving and nonsingular ergodic theory with spectral theory and harmonic analysis. It assumes considerable background in all three of these subjects and is written as a guide for researchers, organizing many topics of recent and current interest and highlighting some major open questions on which further progress might be possible at this time. Selected topics could be worked through individually or as part of a seminar or advanced course. Interestingly, the second does not even refer to the first for needed results from basic ergodic theory.


Currently,students is facing fierce competition and challenges from all sectors of society,and their psychological pressure is growing,thus they will have mental confusion,mental disorders and behavioral problems.As a new online mediaunique having unique social and service functions,WeChat has spread rapidly among college students,and it is beneficial to the ideological and political education.The universities and colleges should make full use of these advantages of WeChat in promoting the ideological and political education.


Multiferroic materials,coexisting of ferroelectric,ferromagnetic and ferroelastic properties,possess potential applications in functional devices.BiFeO3 is the unique multiferroic material whose Curie temperature and Neel temperature are above room temperature.The latest research progress of structure,preparation and doping of multiferroic material BiFeO3 are summarized.The problems existing in the application of BiFeO3 material are pointed out and the development trends of BiFeO3 materials are forecasted.


Abstract This article deals with the work of two of the most prominent horror fiction writers in American history, namely Edgar Allan Poe and Stephen King. The focus of this study is put on the comparative approach while tracing the influence of Poe's several chosen narratives in King's novel called The Shining (1977). The chosen approach has uncovered that King's novel embodies numerous characteristics, tendencies, and other signs of inspiration by Poe's narratives. The Shining encompasses Poe's tales such as "The Masque of the Red Death", "The Fall of the House of Usher", and "The Black Cat" which are shown to be pivotal aspects of King's novel. The analysis has shown that the aforementioned King's novel exhibits Shakespearean elements intertwined with Poe's "Masque of the Red Death", the Overlook Hotel to be a composite consisting of various Poesque references, and that The Shining's protagonist is a reflection of autobiographical references to specific aspects of the lives of Poe and King themselves.


A new mermithid, Hexamermis glossinae sp.n., is described as a parasite of tse-tse flies in West Africa. Nematode parasites were reared from adults of Glossina palpalis, G. p. pallicera, and G. n. nigrofusca from the region of Vavoua in the Ivory Coast. This is the first description of mermithids from these important hosts.


This thesis will explore the epistemology of typology through analysing the writer's personal studio research. It encounters the studies done during the Heritage graduation studio analysis on the former military base of Hembrug, where the historical value debate lied within the frame of geometrical and spatial relations, and how the tools of type could aid in this design approach. Through this thesis the methodology of typological research is examined, in order to investigate how the particular method formed the outcome of the given inquiry. For this, scientific theories, developments and lectures on typological research were studied, in order to form an individual position that will discuss the relevance of type for todays architectural practice.


Six new species of three small genera of the subfamily Rogadinae: Cystomastacoides van Achterberg, 1997; Gyroneuron Kokujev, 1901 and Rogasodes Chen & He, 1997, viz. Cystomastacoides contrastus Long, sp. n.; Cystomastacoides similis Long, sp. n.; Gyroneuron asperatum Long, sp. n.; Gyroneuron bicoloratum Long, sp. n.; Gyroneuron glabrum Long, sp. n. and Rogasodes phongi Long & Hoa, sp. n.; and three new species of the subgenus Arcaleiodes Chen & He, 1997 from Vietnam, namely: Aleiodes (Arcaleiodes) hoanglienensis Long, sp. n., Aleiodes (Arcaleiodes) sapa Long, sp. n. and Aleiodes (Arcaleiodes) simulatus Long, sp. n. are described. Additionally, two genera: Cystomastacoides van Achterberg and Rogasodes Chen & He, and two species: Aleiodes (Arcaleiodes) sinamensis Quicke & Butcher and Cystomastacoides coxalis Chen & He are newly recorded for Vietnam's braconid fauna. Illustrated keys to species of the genera Cystomastacoides, Gyroneuron and subgenus Arcaleiodes from Vietnam are given. The checklist and distribution of the already known species of the genera are also provided.

Citation: Long KD, Hiep ND, Hoa DT, Nhi PT, 2018. New records of rare genera of the subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with description of nine new species from Vietnam. Academia Journal of Biology, 40(3): xxx-xxx. https://doi.org/
*Corresponding author: email@example.com


The system of partial differential equations which forms the basic semiconductor equations together with appropriate boundary conditions cannot be solved explicitly in general. Therefore, the solution must be calculated by means of numerical approaches. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a computer simulation technique used in engineering analysis with numerical technique called finite element method (FEM). The aim of this paper is to show the progress obtained in understanding the relationship between finite elements with the basic semiconductor equations. An implementation of FEM also includes Gummel's and Newton-Raphson algorithms for both Poisson and current continuity equations. Results for the numerical analysis are shown for Gate Turn-Off (GTO) thyristor based on silicon carbide (SiC) materials.


In this article, an artificial neural network (ANN) is developed in order to predict the per-unit-length (p. u. l.) parameters of hybrid copper-graphene on-chip interconnects from a prior knowledge of their structural geometry and layout. The salient feature of the proposed ANN is that it combines knowledge of the p. u. l. parameters extracted from empirical models along with that extracted from a rigorous full-wave electromagnetic solver. As a result, the proposed ANN is referred to as a knowledge-based neural network (KBNN). The KBNN has been found to converge to the same accuracy as a conventional ANN but at the expense of far smaller training time costs. As a result, the KBNN is much more suitable for performing design space explorations.


In 327 children sent to the pediatric tuberculosis department, along with other methods of X-ray examination of the lungs, chest zonography was performed. The advantage of zonography over conventional tomography is shown. The features of performing lung zonography in children are described.


Consider the design of a multimedia transmission system to provide reliable and efficient delivery of multimedia data over a digital subscriber line. The layers associated with different bit error performances are transmitted in parallel, and the properties of the telephone line channel are utilized to achieve unequal error protection efficiently. The transmitted power for the specified error performance is significantly reduced compared to that of conventional schemes. Simulation results are provided for subband-coded images and integrated services (video, voice and data), demonstrating an excellent performance improvement, where a 0.5-2 dB average power gain is achieved.


Adaptive grid refinement/coarsening is an important method for achieving increased accuracy of flow simulations with reduced computing resources. A primary issue of adaptive simulations is the reliable detection of the grid elements to be refined/coarsened. Various sensors for adaptation are employed via a spectrum of flow cases which include boundary layers (attached and separated), wakes, vortices, as well as shock waves. Two developments are presented regarding automation and effectiveness of the adaptation process. The first is automatic determination of a suitable threshold of local refinement/coarsening. The second involves a special adaptive octree technique that yields compact local adaptation regions.


This study explores the social forces operating within the school-family sustainability milieu, in the context of a family that lives sustainably, and participates in school sustainability projects. We conducted open-ended interviews with two students who attend a state secondary school, their parents, the sustainability coordinator, and the principal of the school. We have created an ontological model from our data that shows the forces and relationships between the individuals, and allows us to offer explanations for the success and limitations of the sustainability community at the school. We also investigate the social relationships surrounding the children, including those with their peers in the environment club (enviroclub), with students outside the enviroclub, their parents, and the sustainability coordinator. Our analysis reveals an intergenerational or reverse vector of influence from child to parent. It also shows the importance of a highly motivated sustainability coordinator to galvanising the parents into becoming a sustainability-focused family.


Abstract Background Cardiac implantable electronic device-related infective endocarditis (CIED-IE) comprises 10–57% of total CIED infections. Patients with definite CIED-IE who fulfill both major modified Duke criteria have not been well characterized. Methods Data from the Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Infection Cohort, a prospective, multinational study of CIED infections were used to describe a subset of patients with CIED-IE who met both major Duke criteria for definite IE (bloodstream infection and intracardiac vegetations [VEG]). Results Of 433 patients with CIED infection, 144 (33.3%) had definite CIED-IE. The median age was 68 years and 77.1% were male. Twelve (8.3%) had past CIED infection. Seventy-seven patients (53.5%) had permanent pacemakers, 38 (26.4%) had implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and 29 (20.1%) had combination devices. The median time following the last device procedure was 550 days. CIED-IE was early in 60 patients (41.7%) and late in 84 (58.3%). Most patients presented with fever (77.8%) and sepsis (44.4%) with a median symptom duration of 7 days. On echocardiography, lead VEG was noted in 125 patients (86.8%) and valvular VEG in 54 patients (37.5%) with the tricuspid valve involved in 56.5%. On the basis of VEG location, there were 90 patients (62.5%) with isolated lead-associated IE (LAE), 19 patients (13.2%) with isolated valve-associated IE (VAE), and 35 patients (24.3%) with both (LVAE). All patients had positive blood cultures and 63/119 (52.9%) had positive lead cultures. The predominant organism in blood was Staphylococcus aureus (42.4%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (20.1%). CIED removal occurred in 131 patients (91%). There were 25 deaths during the index hospitalization and 34 total deaths (24.3%) by 6 months. Mortality correlated with age >75 (P = 0.023) and sepsis on presentation (P = 0.052). Infecting organism, site of VEG, and device removal did not impact the risk of death. Conclusion Definite CIED-IE is relatively common. The majority of patients tend to have late-onset infection and often present with sepsis. S. aureus is the dominant organism causing definite CIED-IE. Isolated LAE occurs in 63% of patients. Older age and sepsis on admission are associated with higher mortality. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The article attempts to show the apogee of Russian serfdom as one of the most significant direct and immediate results of Peter the Great's transformations. The proprietary (proprietorial) interest of the landed gentry in relation to the local lands and peasants received a previously unthinkable impulse due to Peter's elevation of the status of estates to patrimonial, as well as the erasure of the legal boundary between serfs and peasants by turning both into "audit souls" during the tax reform. Already in the last years of Peter the Great's reign, the authorities were inclined to identify the right of landlords to peasants with the right to immovable property in the context of the evolution of serfdom in Russia. The article discusses in detail the practice of distribution by emperors and empresses of lands with peasants into ownership as a reward for special merits. The author analyzed the post-Petrine legislation that expanded the class privileges of the nobility and strengthened their ownership rights in relation to landlords and peasants. Particular attention is paid to the practice of selling landlord peasants without land and with the separation of families. The historical significance of Peter's and post-Peter's policies of a sharp strengthening of the ownership (proprietary) rights of nobles to land and peasants in their estates lies primarily in the accumulation of a powerful conflict potential in Russian society for the long term. The "time bomb" laid by Peter I and his immediate successors in the inter-verbal relations of the local nobility and the peasantry dependent on it will explode at the beginning of the twentieth century, and it will give rise to a great peasant revolution in Russia.


The large amount of calcium waste liquid was produced in ammonia-soda process,which mainly contains calcium chloride and sodium chloride.The waste liquid injected in wells with sodium salt,in which liquid salt can be obtained by desulfurization and refined salt by vacuum evaporation beneath the wells.The paper researched the relation between the boiling point and concentration of Sodium chloride—calcium chloride system in inspissations process.It not only offered the data for operation conditions in industrial production,but also created conditions for making full use of the waste liquid as well as extracting refine salt.


Polymeric amine-boranes 2b, 4b, and 8c and their corresponding low-molecular-weight model compounds 3b, 5b, and 6b were obtained by reaction of chiral amines with diborane; these amines were poly(pyrrolidine-1,2-diylmethylene) (2a), poly(imino-1-isobutylethylene) (4a), poly{[1,2-bis(4-vinylphenyl)ethyl]amine} (8b), 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl-1-pyrrolidinyl-methane (3a), N1-isopentyl-N2-methyl-4-methyl-1,2-pentanediamine (5a), and α-phenylphenethylamine (6a). The polymeric amine-boranes are white powders, stable to be kept for several weeks at room temperature, whereas the low-molecular-weight model compounds are less stable syrup-like materials. The reduction of acetophenone to optically active 1-phenylethanol was carried out with the chiral amine-boranes in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate at various reaction temperatures. The product resulting from the reduction with 8c can easily be separated from the reaction mixture by filtration. The optical yield of the product obtained with 8c was 8,9% at −40°C. The highest optical yield (25,3%) was obtained with α-phenylphenethylamineborane 6b at 0°C.


The question of the originality of the syntax of native advertising publications in Russian editions of international glossy magazines in 2018-2020 is considered. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the interest of domestic and foreign experts in one of the modern formats of brand promotion on the market — natural advertising that organically fits into the content of the site, print or online edition and helps to promote the brand's products to the market. The novelty of the study is associated with the allocation, systematization and description of the main features of native publications: the functioning of bisubstantive sentences, question-answer complexes, connecting structures, definite personal one-part sentences with predicate verbs of the 1st and 2nd person singular; the use of bifunctional exclamation sentences, simple sentences, complicated by inserted constructions and introductory-modal words; the use of non-union complex sentences with explanatory semantic relations, complex sentences with explanatory-object and intrinsic-attributive clauses; introduction of various explicit intertextual units, etc. The author comes to the conclusion that the syntax of texts in the native advertising format as a whole is a hybrid formation, similar to the syntax, on the one hand, of direct advertising texts, and journalistic and PR-texts on the other.


This chapter evaluates Google's approach to copyright enforcement across its own platforms. Increasingly, Google self-regulates and negotiates with rightsholders to privately devise copyright rules. Google then deploys algorithmic regulatory technologies to enforce those rules. Indeed, over the past decade, Google has developed a range of algorithmic tools it uses to deter copyright infringement, enforce copyrights, and remunerate rightsholders. These activities limit transparency and accountability in digital copyright governance and privilege private interests and values over the public interest. In a digital environment dominated by powerful private actors, the use of algorithmic regulatory systems poses a critical problem for public rights and democratic, accountable systems of governance, now and into the future.


THIS is an analysis of all women age 35 or over delivering their first baby of a viable age at Freedmen's Hospital during the period January 1956-July 1959. It is presented to show the major problems, methods of management, and results in this group of patients. Incidence: There were 11,020 deliveries during this period. Fifty of these were elderly primiparas for an incidence of 0.45 per cent (Table 1).


Purpose – Agriculture is a major generator of wealth and employment in Australia. However, it faces a range of economic and environmental challenges which require substantial community support. The purpose of this paper is to examine Australian adults' Australian knowledge of, and attitudes towards, Australian agriculture. Design/methodology/approach – Online questionnaire survey of 1,026 adults conducted nationwide during August 2012. Findings – Most respondents had little knowledge of even the basic aspects of the industry but they approved of farmers' performance of their roles. Latent class analysis showed that there are two groups of consumers with low and lower levels of knowledge. The respondents' age, rural residence and universalist values were positive predictors of agricultural knowledge. Research limitations/implications – This was a cross-sectional, quota-based survey which examined only some aspects of agriculture. However, the findings suggest that more communication with the general public...


Social media and other online communication tools are a subject of great interest in mass emergency response. Members of the public are turning to these solutions to seek and offer emergency information. Emergency responders are working to determine what social media policies should be in terms of their "public information" functions. We report on the online communications from all the coastal fire and police departments within a 100 mile radius of Hurricane Sandy's US landfall. Across four types of online communication media, we collected data from 840 fire and police departments. Findings indicate that few departments used these online channels in their Sandy response efforts, and that communications differed between fire and police departments and across media type. However, among the highly engaged departments, there is evidence that they bend and adapt policies about what constitutes appropriate public communication in the face of emergency demands; therefore, we propose that flexibility is important in considering future emergency online communication policy. We conclude with design recommendations for making online communication media more "listenable" for both emergency managers and members of the public.


This paper presents complete uvby light curves for the recently discovered eclipsing binary system V2154 Cyg. Additional Crawford H data were also obtained. Three times of primary minima and two secondary minima are determined. An improved orbital period is found to be 2: 6306312. A detailed photometric analysis is made using the EBOP code. This eclipsing binary is probably one of the components of a much wider double star, forming altogether a triple system. The results show that the eclipsing pair is a detached system with two late-type stars very dierent in size. Masses of about M1 =1 :4 M and M2 =0 :8 M are inferred for the components by using stellar evolution models. The total mass of the probable triple system is estimated to be of about 3.5 M, leading to a minimum orbital period of about 140 yr for the visual pair.


The Global Efficiency Medal competition, a cornerstone activity of the Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative, is an awards program that encourages the production and sale of super-efficient products. SEAD is a voluntary multinational government collaboration of the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM). This winner-takes-all competition recognizes products with the best energy efficiency, guides early adopter purchasers towards the most efficient product choices and demonstrates the levels of energy efficiency achievable by commercially available and emerging technologies. The first Global Efficiency Medals were awarded to the most energy-efficient flat panel televisions; an iconic consumer purchase. SEAD Global Efficiency Medals were awarded to televisions that have proven to be substantially more energy efficient than comparable models available at the time of the competition (applications closed in the end of May 2012). The award-winning TVs consume between 33 to 44 percent less energy per 2 unit of screen area than comparable LED-backlit LCD televisions sold in each regional market and 50 to 60 percent less energy than CCFL-backlit LCD TVs. Prior to the launch of this competition, SEAD conducted an unprecedented international round-robin test (RRT) to qualify TV test laboratories to support verification testing for SEAD awards. The RRT resulted in increased more » test laboratory capacity and expertise around the world and ensured that the test results from participating regional test laboratories could be compared in a fair and transparent fashion. This paper highlights a range of benefits resulting from this first SEAD awards competition and encourages further investigation of the awards concept as a means to promote energy efficiency in other equipment types. « less


OBJECTIVE
To determine cocontraction's relation to strength and motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

DESIGN
Prospective evaluation with a convenience sample of 10 subjects.

SETTING
Pediatric rehabilitation center at a tertiary care hospital.

PATIENTS
Ten ambulatory children with spastic CP, mean age 5 to 14yrs.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
A single comprehensive assessment of hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength; gait analysis while monitoring electromyographic (EMG) activity in those muscles; administration of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM); heart-rate monitoring during quiet rest versus gait to compute an energy expenditure index (EEI). Cocontraction ratios and magnitudes were determined for the gait and strength testing trials using the EMG data.

RESULTS
Cocontraction ratios during strength tests correlated directly with those during free gait. Cocontraction magnitude and total EMG magnitude had an inverse relationship to EEI; children with more muscle activity in the agonist and antagonist tended to be more energy efficient. Knee extensor muscle strength correlated positively with the GMFM and gait velocity. Neither cocontraction ratio nor magnitude during gait was related to strength.

CONCLUSIONS
Children with CP used a similar muscle activation strategy across two different motor tasks. Strength and cocontraction were uniquely related to different aspects of motor function. Further research is needed to quantify more precisely cocontraction and force to EMG relations in this population.


The budgets of ozone and nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) ill the tropical South Pacific troposphere are analyzed by photochemical point modeling of aircraft observations at 0-12 km altitude from the Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics A campaign flown in September- October 1996. The model reproduces the observed NO2/NO concentration ratio to within 30% and has similar success in simulating observed concentrations of peroxides (H202, CH3OOH), lending confidence in its use to investigate ozone chemistry. It is found that chemical production of ozone balances only half of chemical loss in the tropospheric column over the tropical South Pacific. The net loss is 1.8 x 1011 molecules cm -2 S '1. The missing source of ozone is matched by west- erly transport of continental pollution into the region. Independent analysis of the regional ozone budget with a global three-dimensional model corroborates the results from the point model and reveals the importance of biomass burning emissions in South America and Africa for the ozone budget over the tropical South Pacific. In this model, biomass burning increases average ozone concentrations by 7-8 ppbv throughout the troposphere. The NOx responsible for ozone produc- tion within the South Pacific troposphere below 4 km can be largely explained by decomposition of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) transported into the region with biomass burning pollution at higher altitudes.


Case presentation A 71-year-old African-American woman presented to the authors' hospital with recurrent falls and confusion. She reported fatigue, loss of appetite and weight loss that had been progressing over several months. In the two days before her presentation, she felt dizzy and the family noticed intermittent confusion. She denied fever, respiratory or urinary symptoms. She reported chronic constipation but no abdominal pain or vomiting. Her medical history was significant for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and hypertension. The patient's RA had never been treated, despite disease progression over the years; meanwhile, her hypertension was well controlled on hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine. The patient denied smoking, alcohol abuse or illicit drug use. She also denied any recent medical procedures or dental work. On examination, she was afebrile, with a temperature of 37.4°C and a blood pressure of 96/58 mmHg. Her heart rate was 92 beats/min and her oxygen saturation was 94% on room air. She was cachectic with no lymphadenopathy. She was edentulous with no gum line swelling or tenderness. Her skin was intact, with no bruising or rashes. She had clear lung fields, regular heart sounds without murmurs and soft abdomen with no organomegaly. She had obvious chronic joint deformities related to her RA. Her neurological examination was nonfocal. Laboratory test results revealed a hemoglobin level of 98 g/L and white blood cell count of 10.6×109 cells/L. Chemistry tests showed a creatinine level of 106.1 μmol/L and albumin level of 19.0 g/L; alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and liver transaminase levels were normal. Computed tomography scans of the brain were negative. Urinalysis and chest x-ray were negative. The anaerobic bottles of the blood culture sets obtained on admission were observed to be positive after 24 h. The Gram stain of the positive bottles is shown in Figure 1. What is your diagnosis?


The purpose of this paper is to investigate convergence of a hybrid Halpern process for fixed point and equilibrium problems. Strong convergence theorems of common solutions are established in a strictly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space which also has the Kadec-Klee property. c ©2016 All rights reserved.


From the viewpoint of system change, this article probes into the history and developing strat- egy of Chinese security market. This article firstly illustrates the nature of modern finance theory to the function and cond ition of security market and points out the function of security marketmust be depended on a country s economy, trust and law base which are depended on the system creation ofChinese security market. Then, it analyzes a few basic factors of security market in the process of system change, points out the lim itation of singe body of system creation and puts forward an evolutionary changing path which takes the market as the main and the government as the supplement.


The article elaborates the crossborder experiences and strategies of family divide and unaccompanied childhoods in the context of crossborder migrations and smuggling across Bulgaria-Turkey border between the years of 1990-2001. The authors dig into the longrun impact of smuggling and imposed illegality on the migrant children and the means, manners, strategies and dangers hidden within crossborder cyclical mobility and administrative construction of illegality under the political and economic transitions and turbulence across sending and receiving countries. Left to the forgetfulness of the history unaccompanied child migration experiences between Bulgaria and Turkey contain significant lessons in regard to the role of restrictive and security based visa and migration policies. Our study aims at further investigation and understanding of these experiences via fieldwork containing semistructured interviews with 13 smuggled children and their parents. The article begins with introduction to the political and economic conditions that led to irregularization of child migrations across Bulgaria-Turkey border between 1990-2001. It follows presentation of data collected during the Istanbul University BAP Research Center supported fieldwork and follows elaboration on the memories, experiences and prevailing perceptions of these crossborder experiences by the trafficked children and their parents.The article elaborates the crossborder experiences and strategies of family divide and unaccompanied childhoods in the context of crossborder migrations and smuggling across Bulgaria-Turkey border between the years of 1990-2001. The authors dig into the longrun impact of smuggling and imposed illegality on the migrant children and the means, manners, strategies and dangers hidden within crossborder cyclical mobility and administrative construction of illegality under the political and economic transitions and turbulence across sending and receiving countries. Left to the forgetfulness of the history unaccompanied child migration experiences between Bulgaria and Turkey contain significant lessons in regard to the role of restrictive and security based visa and migration policies. Our study aims at further investigation and under-standing of these experiences via fieldwork containing semi-structured interviews with 13 smuggled children and their parents. The article begins with introduction to the political and economic conditions that led to irregularization of child migrations across Bulgaria-Turkey border between 1990-2001. It follows presentation of data collected during the Istanbul University BAP Research Center supported fieldwork and follows elaboration on the memories, experiences and prevailing perceptions of these crossborder experiences by the trafficked children and their parents.


We examine probabilistic forecasts for battleground states in the 2020 US presidential election, using daily data from two sources over seven months: a model published by the Economist, and prices from the PredictIt exchange. We find systematic differences in accuracy over time, with markets performing better several months before the election, and the model performing better as the election approached. A simple average of the two forecasts performs better than either one of them overall, even though no average can outperform both component forecasts for any given state-date pair. This effect arises because the model and the market make different kinds of errors in different states: the model was confidently wrong in some cases, while the market was excessively uncertain in others. We conclude that there is value in using hybrid forecasting methods, and propose a market design that incorporates model forecasts via a trading bot to generate synthetic predictions. We also propose and conduct a profitability test that can be used as a novel criterion for the evaluation of forecasting performance.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the risk of sustained amenorrhea in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) receiving intermittent pulse cyclophosphamide (CTX) therapy.

METHODS
Prospectively comparing the amenorrhea rate of 51 cases receiving intermittent pulse cyclophosphamide therapy versus that of 22 cases receiving intermittent pulse methylprednisolone (MP) therapy.

RESULTS
The amenorrhea rate was higher in the CTX group (19.6%) than in the MP group (P = 0.025). In the CTX group, the amenorrhea rate of patients aged over 30 was higher than that of patients aged 30 or below 30 (P = 0.0018).

CONCLUSION
Pulse CTX therapy in fertile women with SLE is associated with increased rate of sustained amenorrhea, and the older the patient is, the higher risk for sustained amenorrhea the patient runs.


Pulsed laser surface melting (pLSM) is a technique that offers an efficient and effective way to modify the geometry surfaces without any addition or removal of material. The resultant surface geometry plays a critical role in several applications. This paper presents a steady-state thin-film approximation of the melt pool created by pLSM and the resulting semi-analytical solution for the evolved surface geometry. These predictions of the semi-analytical solution are then compared with a validated numerical solution. The comparison demonstrates a good match with errors ranging from ~4% to ~25% across several pulse duration. Larger errors are observed at comparatively lower and higher pulse duration, and smaller errors are observed for intermediate pulse duration values. Overall, the thin film solution is a reasonable and useful approximation of the evolved surface geometry through the pLSM process, thus saving significant computational costs.


Analysis of design features of small combustion engines produced within last years by worldwide best-known companies has been performed. The application areas of particular engine type (two-stroke engines, four-stroke engines) have been analyzed with regard to their design features. Engine swept volume has been taken as the common reference value for all types of engines. Trends in development of small combustion engines have been shown.


Abstract Since giving to religious organizations constitutes a substantial portion of total charitable giving, an understanding of the determinants of religious giving is a vital policy concern. Drawing on a novel congregation-level panel dataset, we examine whether religious giving is driven by preferences for racial group affinity, that is, loyalty to one's own racial group. To address endogeneity concerns, we combine a fixed effects estimation framework with an instrumental variable approach. We find robust evidence consistent with the racial group affinity motive: a decrease in the percent of whites in the local community is ceteris paribus associated with a decrease in the total giving receipts collected by predominantly white congregations. The magnitude of this effect does not vary with the extent of racial residential segregation in the community. The effect, however, is driven by the congregations in urban (as opposed to rural) communities. We offer a possible explanation for this result.


This is an empirical cross-sectional study with the aim to examine the patient's comprehension about their quality of life within two to seven years after their stem-cell transplantation with refer ...


This article presents the concept of several authors about dyslexia, types of dyslexia and their classifications, the learning difficulties of dyslexic students, the symptoms, and treatments of dyslexia, as well as strategies on how to deal with these students and their rights before the law, to present a brief discussion on the subject in question, as many still do not know how to identify and treat a person with this disorder.


In-packet Bloom filters are recently proposed as a possible building block of future Internet architectures replacing IP or MPLS addressing that solves efficient multicast routing, security and other functions in a stateless manner. In such frameworks a bloom filter is placed in the header which stores the addresses of the destination nodes or the traversed links. In contrast to the standard Bloom filter, the length of the in-packet Bloom filter must be highly adaptive to the number of stored elements to achieve low communication overhead. In this paper we propose a novel type of Bloom filter called Adaptive Bloom filter, which can adapt its length to the number of elements to be represented with a very fine granularity. The novel filter can significantly reduce the header size for in-packet bloom filter architecture, by eliminating the wasting effect experienced in existing "block-based" approaches which rely on concatenating several standard Bloom filters. Nevertheless, it requires slightly more calculations when adding and removing elements.


Summary Many green decorative branches ("greens"), which form an important part of ornamental bouquets, originatefrom shade plants, and are commercially grown in Israel under black shade nets. We are studying the possibility to manipulate the nature of the vegetative growth of greens to improve the yield and quality desirable for various ornamental crops.The present paper summarizes the results obtained for Pittosporum variegatum grown under shade nets of various optical properties: green, red, blue, grey, black, and reflective. The knitting density and design of the nets were adjusted to give the same transmittance of sunlight in the PAR (photosynthetically active radiation, 400–700.nm) region. The experiments were carried out in a commercial plot. A single layer of 50% shade net covered the plot during thewinter season, and two layers in the summer, according to common practice. Data were collected mostly during the second growth year. The main results obtained included: (i) pronounced stimulation of branch elongation under the Red net; (ii) dwarfing under the Blue net; (iii) the Grey net markedly enhanced branching, resulting in "bushy", dense plants with short side shoots and small leaves; (iv) the reflective, thermal net (Aluminet®) enhanced long branching. The results were reproducible over two successive harvesting years. We suggest that the coloured net technology can be applied to enhance commercially desired plant responses, thus substituting for the use of growth regulators or pruning.


Historians the world over have long sought to provide an adequate explanation for the atrocities committed by Adolf Hitler during what is now commonly known as the Holocaust. The debate over its cause has become split in two: some prefer the 'intentionalist' explanation, which focuses largely on the idea of Hitler specifically intending to commit genocide, naming him as the most significant figure. Others prefer the 'functionalist' position, which maintains that the Holocaust was the result of a chaotic political atmosphere, which was preyed upon by opportunists. The intentionalist position suffers greatly from a lack of adequate evidence, and consequently cannot prove Hitler's intentions beyond reasonable doubt. On the other hand, the functionalist position is better able to compensate for the lack of evidence, and thus provides a more solid historical explanation for the Holocaust.


Acoustic emission (AE) can be employed for the early fault detection of rolling stock wheelset components. Research has been carried out on the development of a remote condition monitoring (RCM) technology for monitoring online rolling stock wheelset defects. Railway axle bearings and
 wheels are critical components that can develop faults at any time when in service. AE is a reliable passive RCM technique that can be employed for the quantitative evaluation of the structural integrity of rolling stock wheelsets. The emphasis of this study is placed on the results obtained
 from experimental work performed under laboratory and field testing conditions. Several laboratory tests were carried out using different axle bearing defects. In addition, a customised online RCM system installed on the Chiltern Rail Line, adjacent to a hot box axle detector, was used for
 comparison purposes. Using this, AE signal analysis was carried out in order to detect potential rolling stock faults. Defect type evaluation and quantification can also be achieved, leading to effective diagnosis of the structural rolling stock integrity of rolling stock wheels and axle bearings.


Wells syndrome, also known as eosinophilic cellulitis, is a distinctive dermatosis with a wide range of morphological features ranging from acute cellulitis and urticaria-like lesions to bullous eruptions. Its aetiology and pathogenesis are unknown, but the disease has been found to be associated with malignancies, and recurrences can often be related to infections, arthropod bites, drug administration or surgery. A 78-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of recurrent erythematous, slightly indurated nodules and plaques with yellowish crusts mainly affecting the face and neck (Fig. 1). He had been diagnosed in 2001 as having Rai stage IV classic B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and was admitted to our inpatient clinic in September 2006. He had undergone several cycles of chemotherapy including fludarabine (2002, 2003) and bendamustin (March 2006). After each treatment, he attained partial remission followed by moderate tumour regrowth (splenomegaly, lymphocytosis and ⁄ or anaemia). Biopsy specimens were taken from three different sites on the face, and histological examination found dense eosinophilic infiltrates within the entire dermis and parts of the subcutis (Fig. 2). Immunohistochemistry did not show any increased immunoreactivity for CD19, CD20 or Ki67. Thus, specific lymphocytic infiltrates of CLL could broadly be excluded. Periodic-acid–Schiff staining was negative for fungal agents. Swabs from the lesions on the forehead produced a heavy growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which was sensitive to doxycycline. Lymph node and abdominal ultrasonography, and computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen, did not show pathologies, except for splenomegaly


This paper has two objectives. Initially, seeks to review the main theses contained in the Brazilian economic literature on the role of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) and its historical role in financing Brazilian economic development. The second objective is to analyze the perspective of long-term financing in the country and the future role of BNDES in this scenario. Recent financial innovations in Brazil are already transferring long-term financing from the books of banks to the portfolios of private wealth managers. The key assumption is that long-term financing in Brazil in the coming years will go through a great transformation and become more similar, although keeping its own differences, to what is already being practiced in other more advanced capital markets. This will require a change in the behavior of the main financial players, notably BNDES. This perspective should change the course of the academic debate, still far too ideologically polarized.


Skateboarding has become the fastest rising social sport in America. Historically, this sport tends to attract a stereotyped grungy, nomadic, "pack-oriented" crowd that thrives off of the buzz of performing tricks in urban spaces. Unfortunately, this self-expressive crowd, as well as the destructive nature of the sport, has caused much of the general public to form negative opinions of skateboarding. Because of this, in combination with recent trends to "green up" cities and to accommodate for the sport's increasing popularity, skateboarding (both physically and socially) is being forced to the outskirts of communities where poorly-built, less accessible, and environmentally insensitive skateparks are taking the place of socially rich urban skating environments. This thesis investigates the social/environmental issues associated with isolated and inadequate skateparks and the implications they may have on the future of the sport. Insight gained is applied to a skatepark design for my hometown of Luray, Virginia.


Studying these exceptional people, however, is fraught with difficulty, controversy and the dangers of promoting bad science. The potential benefits of highlighting the unusual recoveries should be balanced against the risks, experts warn, including offering patients false hope, blaming those who succumb and encouraging alternative treatments in place of conventional methods that could prolong or save lives.


Several biaxial proportional and nonproportional loading experiments are reported for thin-wall tubes of a pseudoelastic Ni-Ti shape memory alloy (SMA). In addition to the mechanical behavior, temperature was measured during the experiments. It is shown that the phase transformation exhibits asymmetrical behavior in the case of tension-compression cycling. The transformation strain rate is determined for selected histories by numerical differentiation of data. Under nonproportional loading, the rate of phase transformation does not follow a generalized J{sub 2}-J{sub 3} criteria based on results of micromechanical simulations for proportional loading. The role of simultaneous forward and reverse transformations on the nonproportional transformation response is examined using a simple micromechanical model, and the direction of the inelastic strain rate is adequately predicted. Load- and strain-controlled experiments at different strain rates, with and without hold times, are reported and coupled thermomechanical effects are studied.


In this paper, we measured the technical efficiency of wheat seed growers and identified the socio-economic variables influencing the efficiency. The data for the study were collected from three Tarai districts: Siraha, Chitwan and Kailali, representing eastern, central and far-western development regions of Nepal. Field survey was carried out in 180 households, representing 60 from each of the above districts. Stochastic frontier production model was estimated to measure the technical efficiency of farmers using crop yield as dependent variable against five inputs: source seed, labor, chemical fertilizer, livestock and operational land. The result shows the average efficiency of farmers in mobilizing above five inputs is 78.3% ranging from 38.6% to 94.6%. It means farmers could still increase their efficiency by 21.7% in wheat seed production. Nine socio-economic variables were regressed against technical efficiency score (as dependent variables) to identify their influence on technical efficiency, and the result shows that access to public irrigation source, and land quality have significant positive influence on technical efficiency. This shows that promotion of public irrigation scheme and land quality management measures should be prioritized in the agricultural extension policy to enhance efficiency of farmers in wheat seed production.


The single-photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) has been widely used in research on quantum optics. The afterpulsing effect, which is an intrinsic character of SPAD, affects the system performance in most experiments and needs to be carefully handled. For a long time, afterpulsing has been presumed to be determined by the pre-ignition avalanche. We studied the afterpulsing effect of a commercial InGaAs/InP SPAD (The avalanche photodiode model is: Princeton Lightwave PGA-300) and demonstrated that its afterpulsing is non-Markovian, with a memory effect in the avalanching history. Theoretical analysis and experimental results clearly indicate that the embodiment of this memory effect is the afterpulsing probability, which increases as the number of ignition-avalanche pulses increase. This conclusion makes the principle of the afterpulsing effect clearer and is instructive to the manufacturing processes and afterpulsing evaluation of high-count-rate SPADs. It can also be regarded as a fundamental premise to handle the afterpulsing signals in many applications, such as quantum communication and quantum random number generation.


The construction of a socialist harmonious society is a new goal set by the Communist Party of China within the context of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Therefore,it is of ultimate necessity for us to acquire a profound understanding of its historic background,prominent features and great significance.Only from the perspective of scientific development,can we solve practical problems in the process.The construction of the United Front plays an important part in the construction of harmonious colleges and universities a harmonious society.Thus our capabilities in this respect are required to be constantly strengthened and integration of different phases of work has to be achieved.


This paper presents a structured study for abstract harmonic analysis of relative convolutions over canonical homogeneous spaces of semidirect product groups. Let $H,K$ be locally compact groups and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}:H\rightarrow \text{Aut}(K)$ be a continuous homomorphism. Let $G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}=H\ltimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}K$ be the semidirect product of $H$ and $K$ with respect to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ and $G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}/H$ be the canonical homogeneous space (left coset space) of $G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}/H$ . We present a unified approach to the harmonic analysis of relative convolutions over the canonical homogeneous space $G_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}/H$ .


Interpretive motor skills (VerstehendeMotorik) is the title of a program. In this article, an attempt is made to determine a functional description of individual movement, in particular movement in sports and a description based on the meaning of this physical movement in relationship with each other. This is done here based on the systematization of motor skills according to Hossner. Functionalism is presented as a common starting point, the joint effort to place this functionalism in relation to the different levels ofmeanings of personal action as well as the important distinction between the attribution of meaning and mediation of


This correspondence suggests an improved characterization of Boolean functions based on parameters, for unate cascade (UC) realizability. Using this characterization, UC realizability can be readily tested and arrays of UC's can be synthesized to realize arbitrary Boolean functions.


Chronic hepatitis B is caused by infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to the development of cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral persistence and clinical outcomes after HBV infection depend on viral factors and host factors. With the rapid development of the invasion mechanism of HBV infection, host-related genes and proteins involved in HBV infection have been found and used as new diagnostic markers both in the treatment evaluation and prognosis of HBV infection. This review mainly introduces the clinical application and related progress of laboratory serum markers in chronic HBV infection based on host factors for optimizing clinical diagnosis.

Key words:
Chronic hepatitis B; Serum markers; Virus replication; Host


Online and collaborative learning have been identified as driving trends in higher education today (Johnson, Adams, Becker, Estrada, & Freeman, 2014). Over 6.7 million students have taken at least one online class, more than 32% of all higher education students (Allen & Seaman, 2011). However, many students report dissatisfaction with content, process, and lack of engagement, especially when online learning is a static, instructor-led discussion (Adams, Defleur, & Heald, 2007). Fredericks (2004) posited that student engagement facilitates success and retention. He identified behavioral engagement with academic and social activities, emotional engagement with positive and negative reactions to people and activities, and cognitive engagement with reflective and integrative thinking. Creative and collaborative assignments by nature can engage students on behavioral, emotional and cognitive levels; their increased engagement leads to improved learning outcomes. Done appropriately, online education can be an engaging, creative venue for teaching and learning with the proper tools and supports. Contrary to popular misconception and fears, online learning can be creative, dynamic student experience. This session will present one assignment that actively engages student creativity resulting in a practical classroom tool for special education teachers. Students are required to create a Parent Newsletter to provide information about the teacher, his/her classroom procedures, and resources for families. They then share and critique each other?s work in small, online groups with clear documentation of everyone?s participation and responses. Using peers? feedback, students can refine their newsletters and submit it for final grading; an additional benefit is they have ideas and templates to write future newsletters for their own classroom. Students report that they use these newsletters in their own classrooms.Going beyond their role as content experts, online instructors can promote creativity and collaboration through a judicious mix of lectures, video clips, assigned readings, and discussions. Assessment of creative and collaborative assignments can also pose challenges, as aesthetic quality is often very individualized. How does one compare works from Mozart to Rodin to Chagall? Although creative and artistic endeavors cannot be evaluated with the same kind of metrics that multiple choice tests can employ, rubrics with general descriptors of gradations of quality can be useful. Furthermore, providing examples of weak, acceptable, and exemplary products can also provide guidance on grading criteria. The rewards of creative and collaborative assignments far outweigh the challenges of assessment and evaluation.


The coupling magnetization of a Rutherford cable is inversely proportional to an effective interstrand contact resistance Reff, a function of the crossing-strand resistance Rc, and the adjacent strand resistance Ra. In cored cables, Reff continuously varies with W, the core width expressed as percent interstrand cover. For a series of un-heat-treated stabrite-coated NbTi LHC-inner cables with stainless-steel (SS, insulating) cores, Reff (W) decreased smoothly as W decreased from 100%, whereas for a set of research-wound SS-cored Nb3Sn cables, Reff plummeted abruptly and remained low over most of the range. The difference is due to the controlling influence of Rc - 2.5 μΩ for the stabrite/NbTi and 0.26 μΩ for Nb3Sn. The experimental behavior was replicated in the Reff (W )'s calculated by the program CUDI, which (using the basic parameters of the QXF cable) went on to show in terms of decreasing W that: 1) in QXF-type Nb3Sn cables (Rc = 0.26 μΩ), Reff dropped even more suddenly when the SS core, instead of being centered, was offset to one edge of the cable; 2) Reff decreased more gradually in cables with higher Rc's; and 3) a suitable Reff for a Nb3Sn cable can be achieved by inserting a suitably resistive core rather than an insulating (SS) one.


Zea mays and Helianthus annuus are considered most important oil crops in the world due to the favorable fatty acid composition of the oil for human consumption, so efforts must be done to increase the yield and the desirable constituents in the two plants. In the present study the seeds of the plants were primed by soaking in two different concentrations of ascorbic acid solution or yeast extract (1% and 2%) for 12 hour. The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions and irrigated with tap water. It was found that, all these treatments significantly increased germination percentage, shoot growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins and phytohormones in both Zea mays and Helianthus annus. It was observed that, 1% yeast extract was the most promotive treatment for Zea while for Helianthus annus it was 2% ascorbic acid. The protein profile showed the induction of several new protein bands with all treatments. These new bands revealed a changed pattern of gene expression after yeast and ascorbic acid treatments. Finally, the applied treatments decreased the percentage of saturated fatty acids and increased the unsaturated fatty acids in both the tested plants.


sixteen years ago (probably infected 1900 to 1901), and the lady, although she has had slight trouble with the other eye at times, has now developed severe irido-cyclitis, notwithstanding that she has been living for many years in Canada, and could not have been re-infected. We generally consider the eye lesions as a toxic phenomenon, and they bear no relation to the number of parasites present in the blood, or the severity of other symptoms. In the human cases recovery rapidly follows treatment by soamin in all but Rhodesian cases. There have been no post-mortem examinations at a time when any eye symptoms were present.


chell, M.D. (May 1896.)?This is performed with a binaural stethoscope which has a clamp audi screw uear the sound-receiving end, and to this is attached a solid wire rod connected with a head-piece, consisting of two plates which fit on the forehead and occiput. Both hands are left free for percussion, while the instrument ismoved by a slight inclination of the head, and sufficient pressure is exerted by the forehead to steady the instrument. Its chief use is in outlining, by percussion, the various organs of the body or abnormal growths. As the margin of the solid organ is reached the contrast in the percussion sounds is


Self-determination, the combination of skills, knowledge, and beliefs that enable a person to engage in goal-directed, self-regulated, autonomous behavior, has become an important part of special education and related services for people with disabilities. Research on the outcomes of self-determination interventions has been sparse. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of literature and used quantitative methods of meta-analysis to investigate what self-determination interventions have been studied, what groups of individuals with disabilities have been taught self-determination, and what levels of outcomes have been achieved using self-determination interventions. Fifty-one studies were identified that intervened to promote one or more components of self-determination; 22 were included in meta-analyses. The median effect size across 100 group intervention comparisons (contained in 9 studies) was 1.38. In contrast, 13 single subject studies included 18 interventions and produced a median percentage of nonoverlapping data (PND) of 95% with a range of 64% to 100%. Seven of the interventions had a PND of 100%, suggesting strong effects. Although all components of self-determination were reflected in this research, most focused on teaching choice making to individuals with moderate and severe mental retardation or self-advocacy to individuals with learning disabilities or mild mental retardation. The outcomes are discussed regarding the need to demonstrate that self-determination can be taught and learned, and can make a difference in the lives of individuals with disabilities.


Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has an important, yet often overlooked, role in health and disease. Constraint models quantify the removal of deleterious variation from the population by selection, representing a powerful tool for identifying genetic variation underlying human phenotypes1–4. However, a constraint model for the mtDNA has not been developed, due to its unique features. Here we describe the development of a mitochondrial constraint model and its application to the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), a large-scale population dataset reporting mtDNA variation across 56,434 humans5. Our results demonstrate strong depletion of expected variation, suggesting most deleterious mtDNA variants remain undiscovered. To aid their identification, we compute constraint metrics for every mitochondrial protein, tRNA, and rRNA gene, revealing a spectrum of intolerance to variation. We characterize the most constrained regions within genes via regional constraint, and positions across the entire mtDNA via local constraint, showing their enrichment in pathogenic variation and functionally critical sites, including topological clustering in 3D protein and RNA structures. Notably, we identify constraint at often overlooked sites, such as rRNAs and non-coding regions. Lastly, we demonstrate how these metrics can improve the discovery of mtDNA variation underlying rare and common human phenotypes.


Studies on the composition of non-cichlid species in Warri River at Agbarho in The Niger Delta Area of Southern Nigeria were conducted between April and September 2005. A total of 26 species belonging to 16 families and 21 genera were encountered. Characidae, Morymyridae and Mochokidae were the most abundant fish families. Synodontis courteti , Synodontis sorex and Brycinus longipinnis were captured throughout the sampling period. The general diversity Index (H) shows that 0.926 was the highest and occurred in the month of August and the lowest (0.636) occurred in the month of May. The reverse was noticed in Evenness Index (E 1 ) as the month of May had the highest value of 0.904 and August, the lowest (0.269). It can be inferred that the poor fauna composition, abundance and diversity of fish community structure of Warri River at Agbarho might be as a result of the exclusion of the cichlid species in the course of this research. Keywords: Non-cichlids, Characidae, Morymyridae, Mochokidae, species diversity Journal of Aquatic Sciences 28 (1): 17-23 (2013)


This paper proposes a representation of a scalar k in the form of,where d belongs to a given digit set.This representation is a combination of the point halving and MBNS representation using the method of Extended DBNS.A scalar multiplication relying on the representation is given.Experimental results show that the approach leads to a shorter MBNS expansion and a lower complexity in elliptic curve scalar multiplication at the cost of a few pre-computations and storages.


Objective: The World Health Organization and other international committees have defined various obesity categories according to waist circumference "action levels". The purpose of our study was to compare carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) in female patients with essential hypertension in these obesity categories. Material and Methods: Hypertensive female patients with waist circumference action levels 2 (n=52) and 1 (n=20) participated in this study. Waist circumference was measured midway between the lower rib and iliac crest. Carotid-femoral PWV was measured using


In this paper, we present the intelligent system to characterize optically human skin; our proposal is a non‐invasive way to obtain some parameters of the skin such as the concentration of hemoglobin, water percentages, and thickness of the layers of the skin.


Objective To study curative effect of local infiltration in awakening period of general anesthesia operation in patients with acute abdominal pain.Methods 80 patients with acute abdomen in our hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group(each n = 40).Two groups before surgery all took the same endotracheal intubation anesthesia.Ropivacaine were given to observation group before the end of surgery,and ropivacaine were not given to control group.Compare anesthesia effect,awakening period pain and irritation in two groups.Results Wake VAS score in observation group was obviously lower than that of before anesthesia(p 0.001),and the score was significantly lower than the same period in the controls(p 0.001).Anesthesia effect in observation group was higher than that of control group,and the difference was statistically significant(95.0% vs 75.00%,p 0.05).Adverse reactions incidence of dysphoria,low heart rate when they waked up in observation group was obviously lower than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(p 0.05).Conclusion Anesthesia effect of additional local infiltration anesthesia before the end of anesthesia surgery in the patients with acute abdomen is better,and more stable and safe in the awakening period.


The State of Florida (1994) has adopted a plan for addressing Everglades eutrophication problems by reducing anthropogenic phosphorus loads. The plan involves implementation of Best Management Practices in agricultural watersheds and con struction of regional treatment marshes (Stormwater Treatment Areas or STA's). This paper describes the development, testing, and application of a mass-balance model for sizing STA's to achieve treatment objectives. The model is calibrated and tested against peat and water-column data collected in Water Conservation Area- 2A (WCA-2A), where phosphorus dynamics and eutrophication impacts have been intensively studied. The 26-year-average rate of phosphorus accretion in peat is shown to be proportional to average water-column phosphorus concentration, with a proportionality constant of 10.2 mJyr (90 percent Confidence Interval = 8.9 to 11.6 m/yr). Spatial and temporal variations in marsh water-column data suggest that drought-induced recycling of phosphorus was impor tant during periods of low stage in WCA-2A. Maintaining wet con ditions will be important to promote phosphorus removal in STA's. Sensitivity analysis of STA performance is conducted over the range of uncertainty in model parameter estimates to assess the adequacy of the model as a basis for STA design. (KEY TERMS: wetlands; phosphorus; modeling/statistics; stormwa ter management; peat; nonpoint source pollution; Everglades; eutrophication; wetland treatment.)


We study conformal field theories (CFTs) with Yukawa interactions in dimensions between 2 and 4; they provide UV completions of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio and Gross–Neveu models which have four-fermion interactions. We compute the sphere free energy and certain operator scaling dimensions using dimensional continuation. In the Gross–Neveu CFT with N fermion degrees of freedom we obtain the first few terms in the 4−ϵ expansion using the Gross–Neveu–Yukawa model, and the first few terms in the 2+ϵ expansion using the four-fermion interaction. We then apply Pade approximants to produce estimates in d=3. For N=1, which corresponds to one two-component Majorana fermion, it has been suggested that the Yukawa theory flows to an N=1 supersymmetric CFT. We provide new evidence that the 4−ϵ expansion of the N=1 Gross–Neveu–Yukawa model respects the supersymmetry. Our extrapolations to d=3 appear to be in good agreement with the available results obtained using the numerical conformal bootstrap. Continuation of this CFT to d=2 provides evidence that the Yukawa theory flows to the tri-critical Ising model. We apply a similar approach to calculate the sphere free energy and operator scaling dimensions in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio–Yukawa model, which has an additional U(1) global symmetry. For N=2, which corresponds to one two-component Dirac fermion, this theory has an emergent supersymmetry with four supercharges, and we provide new evidence for this.


Previously we developed a promising synthetic approach to complex polycyclic natural products, including aromatic polyketides derived from the type-II polyketide biosynthesis. The approach consists of three key steps; (1) cycloaddition or cyclocondensation of nitrile oxide for assembling the carbon skeleton having an isoxazole as a 1,3-diketone equivalent, (2) benzoin cyclization for stereoselective ring fusion with an angular hydroxy group, and (3) oxidation of isoxazolium salt for installing an additional angular hydroxy group in stereoselective manner. As a synthetic exercise to highlight the utility of this approach, the first total syntheses of the proposed structure of pleospdione (1) and its C3-epimer (3-epi-1) have been achieved. The synthesis has proved the efficiency of the strategy as an entry into polyketide-derived complex architectures. At the same time, it was revealed that neither 1 nor 3-epi-1 represent the true structure of the natural product by incongruity of the NMR spectra.


Detective behavior, one of the most important theoretical categories, is of great value. In the society ruled by the law, detective behaviors often involve the conflicts between the country's power and the individual's right. So it is attached more and more importance to. This paper aims to set a legal track for the correct detective behaviors in order to establish a civilized and efficient detective procedure.


Adapting modern heating and cooling systems to Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House required a respect for Wright's original heating and cooling systems. In designing the Robie House, Wright consciously sought to enhance human comfort. In that sense, the architecture itself was an expression of the architect's concern for the comfort of the occupants. Item Type: Article Uncontrolled


Temporal and spatial variations in land use/land cover (LULC) and their driving factors are direct reflections of regional natural and anthropogenic impacts. To explore the pathways for green upgrading development in ecologically fragile areas, this study focused on Baicheng, located in the northern agropastoral transition zone, China. Based on the topographic map of 1954 and Landsat remote sensing images taken from 1976 to 2020, the spatial distribution of LULC data for the study area in 1954, 1976, 1988, 2000, 2010, and 2020 was obtained. The temporal and spatial characteristics of LULC changes and their driving factors under the combined influence of human activities and climate were analyzed using dynamic degree, flowchart, spatial analysis, and principal component analysis. The results indicate that (1) the dominant LULC type in Baicheng is cropland. By 2020, dry land accounted for over 41% of the total area, while the area of saline–alkaline land increased the most, and grassland decreased most drastically. (2) The dynamic degree of different LULC types ranked from highest to lowest as follows: paddy field > unused land and other types > woodland > saline–alkaline land. (3) LULC Changes in Baicheng were mainly influenced by human activities and economic development, especially regional gross domestic product and the sown area of crops. These research findings can provide a scientific basis for formulating sustainable development and protection strategies to ensure regional green upgrading development.


This paper considers the effect of fiscal volatility shocks on key macroeconomic variables. The identification of these shocks is derived from a stochastic volatility model that is applied to policy rules for each fiscal instrument. Thereafter, a vector autoregressive model makes use of these measures in a reduced-form setting to consider the effect of an aggregate fiscal volatility shock on economic output, consumption, investment, prices and interest rates. The final part of the analysis involves the construction of a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that may be used to investigate the effects of an unexpected increase in the volatility of each fiscal instrument. The results suggest that fiscal volatility shocks produce prolonged contractions in economic output, consumption and investment. In addition, the labour market is also negatively affected, while gross markups and inflation increase. Hence, it is suggested that fiscal volatility shocks have had an important adverse effect on economic activity in South Africa.


The route selection phase of a water transmission pipeline is critical to obtaining an efficient, cost-effective project. By taking the correct approach to the route selection phase, an Owner can: (1) Lower construction costs; (2) Reduce power costs over the life of the project; (3) Lower the easement acquisition costs; (4) Lessen the environmental impact and permitting requirements; (5) Lessen impact on landowners; (6) Shorten the design, permitting, and easement acquisition schedule; and (7) Improve the operation and maintenance of the system. This paper will discuss the steps used in the route selection phase on several recent large diameter pipeline projects. Some of the key concepts include the following: 1. Cost estimating techniques, 2. Estimating real estate costs, 3. Hydraulic analysis of routes, 4. Using GIS effectively to increase efficiency, 5. Evaluation criteria for alternate routes, and 6. Transitioning to the Survey and Easement Acquisition Phase. The paper will incorporate examples and lessons learned from recent projects to provide a guide to the route selection process for both Owners and Engineers.


Under low-gravity conditions, rotating fluid systems having liquid-solid, liquid-liquid, or liquid-gas interfaces with imposed (horizontal or vertical) temperature gradients are significantly influenced by thermal Marangoni effects. The flow within a rapidly rotating liquid cylinder with a free inner surface that is caused by a vertically applied temperature gradient is considered. The liquid-gas zone was heated from above and cooled from below. The onset of thermocapillary convection is investigated and the flow pattern at the interface as a function of the Marangoni number and the rotational speed for two liquids having different Prandtl numbers is analyzed. The topological flow structures are discussed in some detail.


The creep of the pre-strained superalloy N07080 is described in this work. The pre-strain was achieved by warm rolling at 1050 oC.-The warm rolling was performed due to additional strengthening, i.e increasing of the superalloy hardness.-The pre-strain drastically reduces the creep rupture life of the superalloy compared to the creep rupture life of the standard heat treated superalloy.-The drastic reductionof the creep rupture life is result of rapid creep cavity nucleation on stress concentration sites along primary grain boundaries of the pre-strained superalloy.-Recrystallization eliminates potential sites for rapid cavity nucleation and prolongates the creep rupture life.


A portion of the rural territory of the Cristal City-RS was analyzed in order to assess the natural characteristics such as pedology, geology, geomorphology, water network, climatology and the biogeography of this geographical area. For the survey, bibliographical sources such as topographic charts, survey maps of IBGE, reference sources like phytogeographic surveys, and detailed studies of sedimentary and hydrological dynamics that transformed the region in the past were considered. From this study, specific characteristics for each of the analysis categories were mapped in definite charts and analyzed in their context of occurrence. As a result, it was possible to characterizate the natural conditions of the region whose current scenario presents significant differentiation by the anthropic interference in the environment.


We present two unusual cases of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) secondary to isolated nasopharyngeal pathology. The syndrome of OSA has become more prevalent over the past two decades. Pathologic conditions that may cause OSA can occur throughout the upper airway from the nose to the larynx. In the vast majority of patients such discrete lesions are not found, but rather a combination of disproportionate anatomical relationships is found to facilitate airway collapse. Review of the literature reveals only rare cases of isolated nasopharyngeal lesions causing polysomnographically documented OSA. We present two cases of nasopharyngeal masses, a squamous cell carcinoma and a hamartoma, which presented as OSA. Although a variable amount of airway obstruction exists in most patients with nasopharyngeal masses, we report the only known case of OSA secondary to a nasopharyngeal hamartoma. Such reports underscore the importance of a thorough head and neck examination in patients presenting with OSA.


The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)—on the point of declaring victory in a 22 month Ebola epidemic that has claimed 2268 lives—has detected a new Ebola outbreak on the other side of the country, just as covid-19 begins to gain a foothold, and as the world's deadliest measles epidemic enters its second year.

The long running Ebola outbreak centred on North Kivu province in the east will be officially over if no new cases appear by 25 June, two 22 day incubation periods after the last active case. But six new cases, including four deaths, have now been announced near Mbandaka in Equateur …


The invention discloses a cyclone dust collector and an outer rotation quadruplet dust collector employing the same. The cyclone dust collector comprises a tank, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe and a collecting device, wherein the tank comprises a cylinder part and a circular truncated cone part; the inner height of the circular truncated cone part is 1.5 to 3 times inner diameter of the cylinder part; and the inner height of the cylinder part is 0.5 to 1.2 times inner diameter of the cylinder part. The outer rotation quadruplet dust collector employing the cyclone dust collector comprises a first duct collector, a second dust collector, a third dust collector and a fourth dust collector, which are cyclone dust collectors. Compared with the cyclone dust collector in the prior art, the cyclone dust collector has better dust removing effect. The dust-removing equipment comprises the cyclone dust collectors, so the dust removing effect is further improved.


This study evaluated and characterized growth of second growth forests of roble (Nothofagus obliqua) and raulí (Nothofagus alpina) in 40 different locations between 35° and 41° south latitude. The second growth forests were clustered for each species in 4 growth zones. Most of these forests are between 30 and 49 years old and have an important composition of shade tolerant species growing together with the Nothofagus species. Roble presents better growth than raulí in the best growth zone of each lot, but raulí has a more homogeneous growth. In the best zones, roble reaches an average of 12.26 m3/ha/year and raulí 10.44 m3/ha/year, at an age of 20 years. In diameter, the differences among the growth zones are clear until 35 years old, after which growth is about the same. In height, there are differences for all the period studied among the different growth zones. Raulí growths in colder areas than roble, but the best growth zones of raulí are in those areas where roble still growths, this is, in more temperate climate.


Reset states are often not known for a given design until late in the design cycle. There is therefore a need for sequential equivalence checking algorithms that work in the absence of this information. One popular choice for such a notion is alignability, which has the allure of not necessarily needing a symbolic traversal of every state in the system. However, to use alignability in practice, there are several obstacles that needs to be overcome. First of all, the standard alignability theory does not take into account that the golden design often may specify a range of acceptable implementations by means of designer annotated don't care states and don't care logic. Second, when two designs are unalignable, the fact that there are no specified initial state makes it hard to generate a meaningful counter-example to aid the designer in debugging the designs. We address these issues by extending the standard alignability theory so that it handles don't care information in the absence of reset states, and by devising a heuristic for finding a meaningful initial state for the debug traces. Our experimental results show that our theory extensions are necessary to be able to deal with a large portion of the industrial designs that we have applied our alignability checking tool to. We also show how our debug trace heuristic has allowed us to find a real optimization tool bug


References 1 Hynes LR, Shenefelt PD. Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia: occurrence in two patients with hepatitis C. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36: 819–822. 2 Karakas M, Durdu M, Sonmezoglu S, et al. Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia. J Dermatol 2004; 31: 109–112. 3 Wilkin JK. Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia: three new cases and the role of estrogen. Arch Dermatol 1977; 113: 486–488. 4 Uhlin SR, McCarty KS Jr. Unilateral nevoid telangiectatic syndrome. The role of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Arch Dermatol 1983; 119: 226–228. 5 Kreft B, Marsch WC, Wohlrab J. Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome. Dermatology 2004; 209: 215–217. 6 Sadick NS, Urmacher C. Estrogen and progesterone receptors: their role in postsclerotherapy angiogenesis telangiectatic matting. Dermatol Surg 1999; 25: 539–543. 7 Sharma VK, Khandpur S. Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia – response to pulsed dye laser. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45: 960–964.


Fermentation technique A (using oxygen-permeable tube as scaffold in fermentation vessel) and fermentation technique B (using oxygen-permeable tube as scaffold, also as fermentation vessel) were applied in preparation of bacterial cellulose (BC) tubes. Several types of oxygen-permeable tubes were tested in investigating their effects on biosynthesis of BC tubes by Gluconacetobacter xylinus. The results showed that tubular bacterial cellulose with uniform thickness when silicone tube was served as a scaffold. The BC production were significantly higher in technique B process than technique A. Tensile strengths of BC tubes were also measured, 0.35 MPa from technique A process, 50.25 MPa from technique B process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the BC structure of technique B tubes was more homogeneous and denser than that of technique A tubes. The BC tubes manufactured with silicone as oxygen-permeable scaffold according to fermentation technique B resulted in desired mechanical properties and were expected to be used as a scaffold for tissue engineered blood vessels and cellulose sausage casings.