Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are one of the fastest growing wireless access technologies. The IEEE 802.11 Standard doesn't support any QoS mechanisms. IEEE 802.11 MAC layer supports two basic access mechanisms, DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) and PCF (Point Coordination Function). The EDCA mechanism of the IEEE 802.11e standard provides QoS support through service differentiation, by using different MAC parameters for different access Categories. IEEE 802.11e uses three parameters that is TXOP, AIFS, CWmin and CWmax for providing QoS. In this paper service differentiation ability of IEEE 802.11e is evaluated. Parameters of the IEEE 802.11e are statically tuned to achieve optimum performance in different environments. Network Simulator2 (NS2) is used for simulation.


We show that the set of injective functions from any uncount-able cardinal less than the continuum into the real numbers is of second category in the box product topology. In this paper, we use a definability argument to resolve under mild set– theoretic assumptions a problem about injective functions in the box product topology. Suppose κ is a cardinal; let S κ be the set of injective functions from κ into the closed unit interval [0, 1], and let κ [0, 1] be the product of κ copies of [0, 1] equipped with the box product topology (basic open sets are just products of basic open subsets of [0, 1]: is S κ of first category in κ [0, 1]. We shall prove: Theorem 1. Suppose that ℵ 1 ≤ κ < 2 ℵ 0. Then S κ is of second category in κ [0, 1]. David Fremlin asks [2, Problem CN] whether S ℵ 1 is co-meagre and whether S 2 ℵ 0 is of the second category. We do not know the answer to these questions , but feel that Theorem 1 represents some progress on the former. As regards the latter question, we note that it is easy to prove that if MA holds, then every countable intersection of dense open sets in 2 ℵ 0 [0, 1] contains functions which are injective on a closed unbounded subset of 2 ℵ 0 (see Corollary 5). In proving Theorem 1, we make use (often tacitly) of some standard results about elementary submodels of H(χ), the set of all sets hereditarily of cardinality less than χ. For reader's convenience we record these next.


Hegewald E., Wolf M., Keller A., Friedl T. and Krienitz L. 2010. ITS2 sequence-structure phylogeny in the Scenedesmaceae with special reference on Coelastrum (Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae). Phycologia 49: 325–335. DOI: 10.2216/09-61.1 Sequences and secondary structures of the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) ribosomal RNA of nine Coelastrum taxa, Asterarcys quadricellulare (Coelastraceae), Westella botryoides (hitherto Oocystaceae) and Dimorphococcus lunatus (Scenedesmaceae) were determined and compared with existing GenBank entries of scenedesmacean taxa (Desmodesmus, Enallax, Neodesmus, Scenedesmus). Phylogenetic analyses showed that the studied Coelastrum taxa belong to several different lineages within the Scenedesmaceae: five Coelastrum taxa (Coelastrum microporum, Coelastrum astroideum, C. astroideum var. rugosum  =  Coelastrum rugosum, Coelastrum pseudomicroporum and Coelastrum sphaericum incl. Coelastrum proboscideum) form monophyletic clades, whereas two strains labeled Coelastrum morum belong to different genera. The African strain of C. morum clusters with Coelastrum cambricum. The Finnish strain labeled C. morum clusters with Asterarcys, Dimorphococcus and Hariotina. According to its morphology this strain belongs to Coelastrella, related to Coelastrella saiponensis. Westella botryoides belongs to a separate clade within the Scenedesmaceae. Coelastrum reticulatum is positioned in the clade with Asterarcys, Dimorphococcus and Coelastrella; hence its separation in a separate genus, as originally described (Hariotina), is justified. In general, the phylogenetic analysis of ITS2 data shows that the Coelastraceae are included in the monophyletic Scenedesmaceae, and thus the splitting into two families is not justified, but they belong to the monophyletic subfamily Coelastroidea. The genera Comasiella and Pectinodesmus are newly erected, and several new combinations are proposed.


DC microgrid cluster serves for efficient operation and mutual power support between DC microgrids. Classification and comparison of DC microgrid cluster are carried out based on location and operation of the interlinking power route. Effect of parasitic resistance on voltage regulation in directly DC linked type of DC microgrid cluster is revealed. To compensate the effect and achieve controlled power exchange, DC microgrid cluster based on DC-DC interlinking converter and the corresponding control strategy is proposed. Operation of the proposed DC microgrid cluster is verified through numerical simulation.


This paper analyzes the noise causes of natural gas piston compressor. According to noise mechanism, it offers the relevant treatment measures. It meets the Ⅱgrade requirement of 'Standard of noise at boundary of industrial enterprises' (GB1234890) after treatment. It reduces the noise hazard and assures the normal operation and maintenance of the equipment.


Cluster computing, message passing, and high performance networks form the foundation for high performance computing and modern supercomputers. This chapter will introduce the reader to the key concepts needed to understand how cluster computing differs from other types of distributed computing and provides a brief introduction to supercomputing. The material presented here is intended to be introduced in core computer science courses, alongside other parallel and distributed computing concepts. This information can be easily integrated into discussions of shared memory parallelism, and it serves as an example of methods for extreme parallelism that are needed for supercomputing. Relevant core courses: CS2, DS/A, Systems Relevant PDC topics: Cluster Computing, Message Passing, SPMD, BSP, Communication Algorithms, MIPS/FLOPS, LinPack, Distributed Memory, PGAS Languages, Synchronization Learning outcomes: Students will become aware of the existence of message passing Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND Report Number 2013-10652P. 186 paradigms for cluster computing. They will understand the concept of collective communication and the needs for unique identifiers for each computational process. The concept of supercomputing and the unique concerns of operating large scale systems will be introduced. Context for use: These topics should be introduced along with shared memory parallel computing as a replacement for or complement to shared memory. They can be used to complement any discussion of machine parallelism by representing that individual computing nodes can then be leveraged for further multi-node parallelism.


A healthy lifestyle is closely related to physical culture and a balanced diet. Fitness clubs that use IoT (Internet of Things) and integrate with various types of digital systems are commonly widespread. Rational nutrition means the satisfaction not only of covering the daily energy expenditure with the energy of nutrients, but also the quality adequacy of nutrition, which can be achieved by balancing the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids. The sociological survey made it possible to find out that 68.3% of respondents are engaged in fitness clubs, 39.7% do it independently and 4.8% with family. The leading position in the diet is occupied by poultry meat (56.4%), then beef (30.8%) and fish to a lesser extent. The diet also includes fruits and vegetables, cereals, which allows to meet the daily requirement for nutrients and energy, but does not satisfy the daily requirement for omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The article describes the optimization of the diet for visitors to fitness clubs, taking into account the norms of the physiological needs for the second group of physical activity, shows the possibility of replacing food products from standard Internet applications for foods enriched with flax seeds in the amount of 6%, quinoa of 20% and hemp oil of 16 ml. It was found that 100 g of meat or fish cutlets, or vegetable, salad, enriched, respectively, with flax seeds, quinoa and hemp oil, can satisfy the daily requirement for omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.


Concentration of transportation paint systems which was developed in order to meet the needs of large production line was introduced,including its composition,theory,and part of the design calculations.The system was a pipeline supply system which could deliver paint to each station in a certain pressure and flow,proposed the advantage of well spray effect and high work efficiency.


The project sought to provide a paradigm for improving African education systems through the use of theInternet of Things (IoT). The created IoT model for Africa will enable African countries, notably Namibia, toexchange educational content and resources with other African countries. The objective behind the IoT paradigmin Africa's education sector is to provide open access to knowledge and information. The study revealed that thereare no recognized platforms in African education systems that are utilized by African governments to interact,communicate, and share educational materials directly with African institutions. As a result, the current researchdeveloped a model for transforming African education systems using the IoT in the Namibian context, which willserve as a centralized online platform for self-study, new skill acquisition, and self-improvement using materialsprovided by African institutions of higher learning. Everyone is welcome to use the platform, including students,instructors, and members of the general public.


The aim of this study is to describe the intransitive phrasal verbs with particlethrough used in the British National Corpus. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Linguistic data sources were taken from the British National Corpus. The data containing the phrasal verbs with particle through, collected and then classified into several categories. The categories that are suitable for the purpose of the research are separated and labeled and then explained in a narrative according to the theory and research objectives. The results showed that the intransitive phrasal verbs with particle through in the British National Corpus consisted of two types, namely dynamic and stative intransitive phrasal verbs. Dynamic intransitive is a phrasal verbs with a particle through which indicates the existence of an activity or event carried out by the subject of the sentence. Dynamic intransitive phrasal verbs consist of phrasal verbs belonging to event verbs and activity verbs. Stative intransitive phrasal verbs are classified as existence verbs.


Objectives To explore the effects of anti-ribosomal P protein (anti-P) and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor subunit 2 (anti-NR2) autoantibodies on depression and cognitive dysfunction and their relationships with functional brain connectivity in SLE. Methods This cross-sectional study included adult patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology 2019 SLE criteria. Anti-P and anti-NR2 were quantified using ELISA. A 1-hour battery of neuropsychological testing interpreted by a neuropsychologist explored depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D), cognitive domains and quality of life (SF-12). Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) MRI analysis was performed within 1 month, and region-of-interest to region-of-interest (ROI-to-ROI) analyses with the graph theory were performed. Results Thirty-three patients with SLE (9% male) were enrolled, mean age (SD) of 43.5 (14) years and median disease duration of 10.4 years (2.9–25.4). Anti-P was positive in 6 (18.2%) and anti-NR2 in 14 (42.4%) patients. Depressive symptoms were found in 14 (42.4%) patients using the CES-D (range 0–51). After correction for age, disease duration, disease activity and white matter lesion load, the CES-D score was independently associated with anti-P serum level (β=0.32; p=0.049) and prednisone daily dose (β=0.38; p=0.023). Nineteen patients (57.6%) showed at least a cognitive test alteration, but no significant association with autoantibodies was found. The rs-fc MRI analysis revealed an independent association between the anti-P serum levels and many altered brain ROI properties but no anti-NR2 and prednisone effects on the cerebral network. Conclusions Anti-P was associated with brain network perturbation, which may be responsible for depressive symptoms in patients with SLE.


The sales function is a particular job within an organization. Salespeople are often the most direct link between a firm and its customers. In fact they are the 'entrepreneurs' within the organization and owns specific characteristics like proactive, independent and result oriented. These factors create important compensation design issues for managers in charge of their motivation (Segalla et al., 2006). This is also a main issue by the management of Gerechtdeurwaarders Groep Nederland (GGN).
GGN is a full service credit management organization with 28 collection and court bailiff's offices throughout the Netherlands. In 2001 the court bailiffs were given authorization to operate on a national level, which made a partnership all the more interesting. After a period of working in a partnership, a merger was the next strategic step. This results into one organization GGN nowadays (2010). Management of GGN strives for equalizing the sales compensation plans of the former partners. Therefore GGN introduced a performance pay-system for the sales function. This study figures out if the current performance pay system motivates the salespersons in a way they function in the organization interests.
Besides that, after the merging, customer focus has become one of the main sales values of GGN.
Since GGN became a full credit management organization they focus on the wide range of all unique customers in term of their needs and requirements. Sales people cover an important role in this customer focus. Engagement in customer orientation requires greater salesperson effort. Since effort is determined by motivation, salesperson motivation to engage in customer orientation is a precondition for its practice (Thakor & Joshi, 2005).
GGN strives for committed salespeople who are working in the organizations interests. One of the most important findings of the majority of sales force researchers is that monetary rewards are the strongest motivators for salespeople (Segalla et al, 2006; Churchill et al., 1979). Therefore it is important to understand how salespeople experience the performance pay system and to what extent they derive motivation from it for performing the sales job.
The following research question will be answered in this study:
To what extent do salespeople derive motivation from the performance pay system and does this have effects on their customer orientation and organizational commitment to the organization?
The objective of this research is to give GGN recommendations in order to improve the compensation plan for the salespeople. Insights in the motivational aspects of performance pay within the sales functions leads to a better understanding of the effects of this compensation plan. In this way GGN can harmonize salesperson's interests with the interests of the organization.


In this paper,we discuss the application of Internet of things technology in the teaching reform of electronic information system.The Internet of things technology is added to the e-information system practice curriculum.The project is driven by the Internet of things, leading students to study autonomously and independently design. Through recent years teaching practice proves that the introduction of the Internet of things technology practice curriculum reform is very effective on electronic information system, improve the students' exploring ability, innovation ability and practice ability.


Clinicians want to know that they have met the Hippocratic imperative 'first, do no harm' and indeed to have exceeded this. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate outcomes of interventions. Intervention outcomes are the basis for continued approval by patient, employer, or state, which in turn may determine personal fortunes, health budgets, and policies. These outcomes have become commodified by health services and in many instances are reflections of extremes such as death or process measures such as waiting times. When the patient is a child their voice is less likely to be heard. Two poems written by children who have experienced protracted illnesses are presented. These poems – an act of spontaneity by each child – may be considered as expressing more about their outcome than any formal measure alone. One describes recovery and recognizes the wonders of an altered mental state, even if pathological. The second is an assertion of participation, a measure of how illness impacts on life. These poems tell a bigger story than mere measurement alone. They raise questions about how clinicians learn from and represent these child-authored accounts, which we would do well to heed.


Flash flood is a natural disaster that causes many casualties and economic losses; it has become prevalent in Malaysia, where several events have been reported showing a possible correlation between lightning, rain, and flash floods. The lightning and rainfall intensity associated with flash flood events, are analyzed between January and April 2022 for three events (cases) within a distance of 100 km from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor. The data supplied by Tenaga Nasional Berhad Research Sdn. Bhd. (TNBR), Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) and Malaysia Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) were evaluated for statistical discrepancies, which is a different approachable method by limiting the criteria for each data source. This research aims to investigate the relationship between the number of lightning occurrences with the amount of rain in 24 hours by applying the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and determine the relationship strength between lightning and rainfall intensity parameters by implementing the rainfall-lightning ratio (RLR) change to rainfall-lightning rate, which is commonly used to evaluate the relationship between rainfall and lightning. This study found that the r-values between lightning and rain range from 0.4 to 0.7, which correlates well with rainfall and is considered an acceptable correlation. The different values due to the number of lightning and rain occurrences are inconsistent for each independent case. According to the findings, lightning data may be utilized in association with rain. Therefore, the accuracy of the existing flood forecasting system may be improved.


Superconducting thick films of Y-Ba-Cu-O have been prepared via an electrodeposition procedure of the constituent metals on metallic substrates (Cu, Ag) followed by an oxidative thermal treatment. The films were electrodeposited at a constant potential of –3.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) from a single electrolyte bath, which contains the nitrates of the cations in dimethyl sulfoxide. The initial state of the precursor film and the formation process of the final superconducting film have been followed by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In the precursor film, yttrium and copper are present as metals while barium forms a carbonate. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is not inert under the experimental conditions and oxidises to the sulfone. The superconducting transition temperature (T
 c
) of the final film was ≈92 K and the critical current density (J
 c
) values were ≈9 500 A cm
 –2
 at 77 K and zero field, the highest so far obtained by electrodeposition.


OBJECTIVES:Alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNA (AFP mRNA) in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been considered to represent isolated tumor cells. We investigated its association with the prognosis after curative resection.METHODS:Using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assay, AFP mRNA in the PB was determined prospectively in control and in 81 patients with curative resection for HCC.RESULTS:Twenty-two (27.2%) and 19 (23.4%) of 81 HCC patients had AFP mRNA in their pre- and postoperative PB. Its presence preoperatively was not associated with an increased risk of HCC recurrence (54.5% vs 40.7%, p= 0.264). In contrast, the postoperative presence associated significantly with a higher incidence of recurrence (89.5% vs 30.6%, p < 0.001), irrespective of preoperative status. The odds ratio for HCC recurrence was 19.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0– 91.7). The cmulative probability of recurrence-free survival was also much lower in patients with postoperatively positive AFP mRNA (p < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model also demonstrated a significant association with recurrence (p= 0.002). Preoperative serum AFP is also a significant factor and combination with postoperative AFP mRNA enhances the predictability, sensitivity (75.0%), specificity (93.3%), positive prediction (90.0%), and negative prediction (82.4%).CONCLUSIONS:The postoperative detection of AFP mRNA in PB is associated with an increased risk of earlier HCC recurrence. Combination with preoperative serum AFP is useful in predictability.


Stochastic tow based discontinuous composites (STBDC) are fabricated from the compression molding of chips made from chopped and slit pre-impregnated uni-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tape. The discontinuous mesostructure gives the material system increased moldability versus continuous fiber composites allowing complex three-dimensional parts to be manufactured. However, the discontinuous mesostructure creates challenges for engineers designing parts as the effective properties are variable. Furthermore, the properties have been shown to be a function of the consolidation method of the chips. This study uses finite element analysis simulations of mesostructural representative volume elements to compare the elastic response and characteristics. The results are compared to the available literature regarding the elastic response STBDCs.


The results of the carried out radiation monitoring indicate a decrease in the content of cesium-137 radionuclides in the milk of personal subsidiary farms of citizens living in the Bragin region. The average values of the specific content of cesium-137 in the samples of forest mushrooms exceed the normalized indicator. During the observed period, 41% of the samples did not meet the requirements of RDU-99. After analyzing the average values of the specific content of cesium-137 in wild berries, a persistent manifestation of the activity of this radionuclide can be noted. During the period from 2008 to 2020 in 59.76% of cases, they did not correspond to the normative indicator.


1 Introduction Cortical areas activated by olfactory stimulation have not been made clear yet, though a few studies were reported [1-3]. We are trying to localize the sources of olfactory MEG. The olfactory response becomes quickly weak because of subject's habituation. Then the data for source localization have little number of averaging and include much noise. The estimation error of localization is closely correlated to the signal to noise ratio (S/N). In order to estimate the sources accurately, we developed a noise reduction method using wavelet transform to do "time-frequency analysis"[4,5]. Adopting approximating functions with compact support, the wavelet analysis has advantages over traditional Fourier transform method, where the signal contains discontinuities and sharp spikes, such as evoked responses in MEG data. We applied this method to the olfactory MEG data. Four response signals were extracted at different latencies. The source equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) of each signal were estimated by the simulated annealing method (SA). The estimated locations and directions of the ECDs show that the source of olfactory MEG differs depending on their latencies and also the kind of odor stimuli. 2 Methods 2.1 Olfactory MEG Olfactory MEGs were measured with a whole cortex type Neuromag-122™ SQUID system in Osaka Life Electronics Research Center. Six healthy right-handed subjects (6 male, between 21-22 years old, with informed consents) participated in this experiment. An odor pulse is given in the nostril through a Teflon tube synchronously with subject's inhalation, but once in three or four consecutive inhalations. Duration of the stimuli is 300ms, a rising time below 20ms and delay from the onset of the valve at 100±2ms. Prepared odors were 1% isoamyl acetate, 1% isovaleric acid, 1% geraniol and odorless air, and two among them were used in one experiment. One of the two odors was randomly given more frequently than the other in the ratio of 3:1. Subjects were asked to count the number of occurrence of the rarer (target) odor. During measurements, the subjects hear white noise (SPL 70dB) through earphones, so the sounds from the valve do not interfere with the responses. For preventing eye movements, the subjects gazed at a point in front of them. MEG was recorded at a sampling rate of 400Hz, through a band-pass filter of 0.03-100Hz. Responses to the target (rare) and non-target (frequent) odors were separately averaged with respect to the onsets of stimulation. The number of averaging was about …


We introduce the notion of the interval-valued linear Diophantine fuzzy set, which is a generalized fuzzy model for providing more accurate information, particularly in emergency decision-making, with the help of intervals of membership grades and non-membership grades, as well as reference parameters that provide freedom to the decision makers to analyze multiple objects and alternatives in the universe. The accuracy of interval-valued linear Diophantine fuzzy numbers is analyzed using Frank operations. We first extend the Frank t-conorm and t-norm (FTcTn) to interval-valued linear Diophantine fuzzy information and then offer new operations such as the Frank product, Frank sum, Frank exponentiation, and Frank scalar multiplication. Based on these operations, we develop novel interval-valued linear Diophantine fuzzy aggregation operators (AOs), including the "interval-valued linear Diophantine fuzzy Frank weighted averaging operator and the interval-valued linear Diophantine fuzzy Frank weighted geometric operator". We also demonstrate various features of these AOs and examine the interactions between the proposed AOs. FTcTns offer two significant advantages. Firstly, they function in the same way as algebraic, Einstein, and Hamacher t-conorms and t-norms. Secondly, they have an additional parameter that results in a more dynamic and reliable aggregation process, making them more effective than other general t-conorm and t-norm approaches. Furthermore, we use these operators to design a method for dealing with multi-criteria decision-making with IVLDFNs. Finally, a numerical case study of the novel carnivorous issue is shown as an application for emergency decision-making based on the proposed AOs. The purpose of this numerical example is to demonstrate the practicality and viability of the provided AOs.


Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe type of muscular dystrophy (1) .The symptom of muscle weakness (2) . Typically muscle loss occur first in the upper legs and pelvis followed by those of the arms. This can result in trouble in standing up (1) .Most are unable to walk by the age of twelve (2) . Affected muscles may look larger due to increase fat content. Scoliosis is also common. Some may have intellectually disability. Females with a single copy of the defective gene may show mild signs and symptoms. This disorder is X – linked recessive, two thirds of cases are inherited from a person's parents while one third of cases are due to a new mutation (3) . It is caused by a mutation in the gene for the protein dystrophin (3,4) . The present study enrolled 235 subjects including 55DMD patients and 180 healthy controls. DMD was characterized by elevation of serum ALT, AST, ALP,LDH, and CK respectively. Aim The objective of this study to ascertain the serum levels of transaminoferases, alkaline phasphatase, lactate dehydrogenase in patients with DMD to correlate with muscle enzyme such as creatine kinase.


Many of the Spanish-styled violin virtuoso pieces from the mid-18th century to the twentieth century were dedicated to, or inspired by Pablo de Sarasate's personal style of violin playing and his own Spanish-styled compositions. As both violinist and composer, Sarasate tailored these compositions to his technical flair and unique personality. Among Sarasate's enormous output – total of sixty-one original compositions – the four volumes of Spanish Dances were the most popular and influential. Sarasate successfully translated many of his native folk dances and melodies in these dances, and introduced them to the European musical community with his amazing performances. In my written dissertation, I have discussed and illustrated in detail Sarasate's four volumes of Spanish Dances, the origin of the Spanish-styled pieces, and the influenced works including Saint-Saëns's Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso, Op. 28, Édouard Lalo's Symphonie espagnole, Op. 21, Kreisler's transcriptions of Granados' Spanish Dance in E minor and Albeníz's Tango, and Waxman's Carmen Fantasie. In the performance part of the dissertation, assisted by pianist Kuei-I Wu, I have played all of the mentioned works in their entirety, which is rare in modern concert programming. Through this project, I have gained deeper understanding of the Spanish style and the folk dances, and mastered many of Sarasate's technical innovations. Title of Document: SPANISH DANCES FOR VIOLIN: THEIR ORIGIN AND INFLUENCES Tao-Chang Yu, Doctor of Musical Arts, 2006 Directed By: Professor of Violin and Chair of the String Division, Gerald Fischbach, School of Music Spanish Dances for Violin: Their Origin and Influences


Our aim with this letter is to exhibit the extension of discrete mode-matching method to analyze multilayered microstrip transmission lines with anisotropic dielectric layers. The mathematical formulation is presented to deal with multilayered structures with metallizations in the interfaces. The application is demonstrated by computing propagation constant and characteristic impedance for multilayered microstrip and two-layer coplanar waveguide with uniaxial anisotropic dielectric. The validation of the results has been done by comparing with simulations with ANSYS HFSS and some of them also with open literature. A very good agreement has been observed.


The present invention is to provide a microsphere comprising a plurality of nanocapsules accommodated in a gel forming polymer, the plurality of nanocapsules, outside of the polymerizable coating with oil core carrying a non hydrophilic active agent it includes the shell. The present invention is also therapeutic agents, cosmetics, and, like the use of microspheres in diagnostics, the method of preparing the microspheres of the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising one similar. .BACKGROUND


This thesis aims to provide an insight regarding the influence different CSR
practices have on the corporate reputation from a consumer perspective. This
research analysed six different types of CSR by first dividing the concept into
economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities, and then creating both positive
and negative stimuli in each of the three domains. Using an online experiment
performed among students, this study aimed to create a deeper
understanding of the effects of CSR on corporate reputation. The findings
show that economic, legal, and ethical CSR practices lead to equally strong
corporate reputations. Furthermore, the findings show that legal and ethical
CSR practices lead to a corporate reputation that is built from the idea that the
company is responsible, whereas economic CSR practices lead to the
perception that the company is a good performer. Finally, the findings indicate
that the effects of bad CSR practices are not directly opposite to positive CSR
practices. The evaluation of the company after a negative CSR practice is
different on more attributes than the evaluation after a positive CSR practice,
indicating that the horns effect of negative CSR is stronger than the halo
effect of positive CSR.


This paper presents the high-pressure phase behavior of the binary system 1-octyl-3methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([omim][BF4]) + carbon dioxide (CO2) in the mole fraction range 0.1< xCO2< 0.75, and in the pressure and temperature range of 0.1-100 MPa and 303-363 K, respectively. High solubilities of CO2 for xCO2< 0.6 were established at relatively low pressure, while for xCO2 > 0.6 a dramatic increase of the equilibrium pressure was observed. The Group Contribution Equation of State (GC-EOS) was applied to predict the phase behavior of binary systems of ionic liquids of the homologous family like 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and tetrafluoroborate with CO2. Pure group parameters for the new ionic liquid functional group [-mim][BF4] and interaction parameters between these groups and the paraffin (CH3, CH2) and CO2 groups were estimated. The GC-EOS was applied to predict the high-pressure phase equilibria in binary mixtures of the ionic liquids [bmim][BF4], [hmim][BF4] and [omim][BF4] with CO2. The agreements between experimental and predicted bubble point data for the ionic liquids were excellent for pressures up to 20 MPa and even for pressures up to about 100 MPa the agreements were good. INTRODUCTION A new generation of solvents called Ionic Liquids (ILs) seems to be promising not only for organic and inorganic chemistry but also for industrial applications. ILs can be imagined as molten salts at room temperature as they are liquids in a wide range of temperatures (approximately 400K). The molten salts at room temperature are composed of one organic cation, most commonly n-alkyl methyl-imidazolium, piridynium, and one inorganic or organic anion like PF6, BF4, Cl, NO3, etc. Depending on the cation and the anion, the physical properties (density, viscosity, hygroscopicity, etc.), may change a lot [1]. All the ILs studied until present show a negligible vapor pressure, i.e. we are dealing with a property that makes them attractive to replace volatile organic solvents as they do not affect the environment from the point of view of air pollution. ILs are known for a long time [2] and are not a novel class of substances. The idea to propose them as a new generation of solvents emerges as a result of the newly discovered wide range of applications for them. ILs are advised to replace solvents in catalytic processes, hydrogenation and polymerization reactions [3]. The role of the ILs in these reactions differs depending on the characteristic of the anion and cation that compose the IL, for instance, they can fix the polarity of the medium, behave as a solvent and co-catalyst, serve as a solvent and ligand / ligand precursor, and play as a solvent and transition metal catalyst [2]. Together with the exploration of potential applications, the interest in their synthesis and physical properties increased remarkably. The former necessitates for reducing the impurities in the ILs that originates from the synthesis method (for example, small amounts of chloride, water and other impurities) may affect significantly a number of physical properties of ILs [4]. The interest in the physical properties of ILs increased rapidly in the last couple of years as little information on them is available. It is obvious that the knowledge of physical properties should, without any doubt, be requested at the first step of any new application in case a proper IL is involved in the process. Extraction procedures with supercritical fluids are considered to be highly improved if also ILs are involved. On the basis that ILs dissolve different substances (polar and non-polar), they can be used as the medium for concentrating a non-volatile substance that can be then extracted from the IL with a supercritical fluid (SCF) [5]. The SCF to be used should be the one that offers the following properties: it does not pollute the atmosphere, the non-volatile substance should be sufficiently soluble in the SCF, the IL is not soluble in the SCF, and the SCF is soluble in the IL. Solubility data of various gases in ILs have been reported in literature [6,7,8]. In the case of [bmim][PF6], it was shown that CO2 dissolves better than other gases. Later Shariati et al. [9] studied the same system, and despite the data are different from those of Blanchard et al. [8], the high solubility is still shown for low concentrations of CO2. CHF3 also shows a high solubility in ILs. For instance, at 20 MPa and 350 K mole fractions of xCHF3 = 0.6 in the IL can be reached. In addition, a slight solubility of the IL in supercritical CHF3 was observed. In this work the solubility of CO2 in [omim][BF4] is measured in order to enlarge our knowledge on the solubility behavior of CO2 in [alkyl-mim] [BF4] ILs. The data were acquired in a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Considering the large variety of ILs that may be formed, methods to predict the phase behavior of ILs are needed. Up to now, methods to predict the phase behavior of ILs are mostly based on molecular dynamics simulations [10] and excess Gibbs models such as NRTL [11] and UNIQUAC [11]. In literature, little is mentioned about predicting the phase behavior of systems of ILs using an equation of state approach. Kim et al. [12] used a group contribution non-random lattice-fluid equation of state to predict solubilities of CO2 in the ILs [hmim][PF6], [emim][BF4], [hmim][BF4], [emim][Tf2N] and [hmim][Tf2N] at pressures up to 1 MPa. For the [bmim][PF6] predictions were made for pressures up to 10 MPa. The agreements between experimental and calculated solubilities were generally good. However, no information was available for higher pressures (>1 MPa). Shariati and Peters [13] used a Peng-Robinson equation of state to model the high-pressure phase behavior of the system fluoroform and [emim][PF6]. They showed that the Peng-Robinson equation of state is capable of describing the experimental bubble points of this system and to qualitatively predict the solubility of the ILs in supercritical fluoroform. In the present study, it is examined if the GC-EOS is capable of predicting the phase behavior of binary systems of ILs of the homologous families 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and tetrafluoroborate with CO2.


REFERENCES 1. Munker R, Labopin M, Esteve J, Schmid C, Mohty M, Nagler A. Mixed phenotype acute leukemia: outcomes with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. A retrospective study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT. Haematologica 2017; 102:2134-40. 2. Shimoni A. Relapse of acute leukemia after a second allogeneic stemcell transplantation; is there any hope for cure? Bone Marrow Transplant 2022;57:336-7. 3. DiNardo CD, Jonas BA, Pullarkat V, et al. Azacitidine and venetoclax in previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 2020;383:617‐29. 4. Schuler E, Wagner-Drouet EM, Ajib S, et al. Treatment of myeloid malignancies relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with venetoclax and hypomethylating agents-a retrospective multicenter analysis on behalf of the German Cooperative Transplant Study Group. Ann Hematol 2021;100:959‐68. 5. Qasrawi A, Gomes V, Chacko CA, et al. Acute undifferentiated leukemia: data on incidence and outcomes from a large population-based database. Leuk Res 2020;89:106301. 6. Pan R, Hogdal LJ, Benito JM, et al. Selective BCL-2 inhibition by ABT-199 causes on-target cell death in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Discov 2014;4:362‐75. 7. Fleischmann M, Scholl S, Frietsch JJ, et al. Clinical experience with venetoclax in patients with newly diagnosed, relapsed, or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022;148:3191‐202. 8. Pratz KW, Jonas BA, Pullarkat V, et al. Measurable residual disease response and prognosis in treatment-naïve acute myeloid leukemia with venetoclax and azacitidine. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:855‐65. 9. Wang N, He J, Liu F. Venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents for the treatment of treatment-naive B/myeloid mixed-phenotype acute leukemia and relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a report of 3 cases. Chemotherapy 2022;67:178-82. 10. Klocke H, Dong ZM, O'Brien C, et al. Venetoclax and decitabine for T/myeloid mixed-phenotype acute leukemia not otherwise specified (MPAL NOS). Case Rep Hematol 2020;2020:8811673. 11. Zhao P, Ni M, Ma D, et al. Venetoclax plus azacitidine and donor lymphocyte infusion in treating acute myeloid leukemia patients who relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2022;101:119‐30. 12. Lasica M, Anderson MA. Review of venetoclax in CLL, AML and multiple myeloma. J Pers Med 2021;11:463. 13. Mei M, Aldoss I, Marcucci G, Pullarkat V. Hypomethylating agents in combination with venetoclax for acute myeloid leukemia: update on clinical trial data and practical considerations for use. Am J Hematol 2019;94:358-62. 14. Rausch CR, DiNardo CD, Maiti A, et al. Venetoclax dosing in combination with antifungal agents: real world experience in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2019;134(Suppl 1):2640.


Different types of panniculitis (Pn) can be one of the symptoms of rheumatic diseases (RDs). Pn is a group of heterogeneous inflammatory diseases that are characterized by subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) lesion and often occur with musculoskeletal and visceral involvements. There is no single concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of Pn. Infections, injures, hormonal and immune disorders, drug intake, pancreatic disease, malignant neoplasms, etc. can play a role in the development of Pn. The latter is associated with RDs in a fairly large group of patients. There have recently been reports of about 200 and 50 cases of only idiopathic lobular Pn in the world and Russian literature, respectively. There have also been publications on other types of Pn, such as erythema nodosum, eosinophilic fasciitis, superficial migratory thrombophlebitis, lupus Pn, dermatomyositis Pn, scleroderma systematica, gout, psoriatic arthritis, etc. There is now a need to study skin changes and SAT lesions in the context of RDs, which will be able to estimate the true clinical and prognostic value of Pn in RDs. Based on recent literature data, this review characterizes the main types of Pn, their clinical and histological signs, and diagnostic methods.


The degree work "The direction of photography as a narrative resource: proposal of the
short film Purple "It is an approach to the work of the director of photography, a
question about what photography direction means in the audiovisual and an exercise
of search for an aesthetic photo proposal for a short film, which materializes
in the realization of the teaser. This is why important issues are addressed
as the camera, the lighting, the set, the roles and hierarchies within this, in order
to give a slightly broader and more professional vision from experience to people
that are beginning in the world of photography. However they are named
thematic roughly nothing in a thorough way in order to generate a
simple and quick learning for people who do not have basic knowledge of
Photography. For this the script of the short film Purpura is taken, from which it is sought to take
all the photographic proposal and connect the different named themes
previously. The realization of a Teaser as an audiovisual piece is a sample of
what would be the photographic aesthetics in terms of light, planimetry and composition between
some aspects.


Romanian local public adminstration is currently facing a series of harsh challenges, one of these being the establishment of a new body of public servants able to answer properly to the new problems. This process has not been very easy due to various political, technical, economical and social issues. However, new steps have been taken and they have brought new hopes for the future developments.


The development of nanostructured materials has been exploited in enormous applications nowadays owing to the remarkable properties possessed by these advanced materials. Among these materials, tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloys, which have been widely used in a range of industrial applications including cutting and drilling tools, wear resistant components in wire drawing, and wear resistant surfaces in various equipments and dies. These alloys are processed using variety of techniques in which powder metallurgy has been widely adopted. The key challenge lies in retaining the nanostructure of WC-based powders after the consolidation stage that is used to obtain dense parts following powder metallurgy processing. In the present study, the densification parameters, microstructural development and mechanical behavior of WC containing 6, 9 and 12wt. %Co powders in the range of nm to µm size of WC particles were investigated. Two types of consolidation techniques were considered i.e., spark plasma sintering (SPS) and microwave sintering (MW) for a comparative analysis as well as to explore the best suitable process that will minimize grain growth. The consolidated (sintered) samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness measurement.


The influence of annealing temperature on the output characteristics of solution processable vertical organic light-emitting transistor (VOLET) was investigated. Poly[(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluo...


The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation in proton-proton (p-p) collisions. The p-p collisions at center of mass energies $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 200$ $GeV$ and $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 13$ $TeV$ were simulated using PYTHIA. These are the available energies of the current collider experiments; the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). To search for the QGP Phase, the near-side yield to the away-side yield ratios were calculated for high transverse momentum particles. These ratios were then compared for the low and high multiplicity events as a function of transverse momentum. At the LHC energy in the high multiplicity events, the away-side yields show suppression compared with the near-side yields. This suppression might indicate the possibility of forming the QGP at the high-energy and high-multiplicity events in p-p collisions.


This paper is focused on the reform of middle sale state owned enterprises It thinks that the efficiency of property rights transaction and the flow of the stock assets and reconstruction of these assets be the key to fulfill the state owned enterprises reform and build up the modern enterprises system It shows that the share corporative system be the way to effective transition of the middle scale state owned enterprises Based on public choice theory, game theory and from the aspect of corporate governance structure and financial structure, the paper comprehensively analyses the feasibility of the reform of middle scale state owned enterprises oriented to share corporative system


A method for the determination of COD in raw materials for glass making was described.In strong acid medium,an oxidant so called potassium dichromate was used for dealing with the raw materials,and then normal liquor of(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 was used to titrate it.The data from this measuration are reproduceable and credible.The standard deviation of the measured results of mineral raw materials is less than 15,and that of the chemical raw materials is less than 3.


An Encoder-Decoder Neural Network Architecture is combined with a novel strategy to improve global label consistency, to come with an improved image segmentation model. Label Distribution predictions extracted from the SegNet Network is investigated and used in the project for image labeling. An algorithm called Region Consistency Activation (RCA) to improve the global label consistency is implemented. RCA is based on a novel transformation between Ultra metric Contour Map (UCM) and the Probability of Regions Consistency (PRC). These algorithms were rigorously tested on the CamVid dataset. Superior performances were achieved compared with the state-of-the-art methods on this dataset.


The subject of this research is the normative legal acts of Russian and international legislation regulating the peculiarities of pension security of the migrant workers . The article outlines the problems of demographic situation in Russia, examines the questions f attracting foreign workforce from the historical perspective, determines the characteristics and provides scientific definition to the concept of "migrant worker", analyzes the legal status of foreign citizens applicable to pension security. Detailed analysis is conducted on intergovernmental agreements that establish the framework for acquisition and reservation of the right of migrants with regards to pension security. Special attention is turned to the case law materials, as well the factors of acquisition of rights to non-contributory pension by migrants in the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty consists in conducting a comprehensive research of legal regulation of pension security of the migrant workers in Russia. The article reveals the transformation of contractual practice of intergovernmental regulation of the questions granting pensions to the migrants, prioritizing the proportional principle of structuring contracts and agreements. The author's special consists in conducting scientific analysis of the content of the "Pension Agreement for Working Population of the EAEU Member States" of December 20, 2019, which determines the peculiarities of right to pension security, establishes size of payments based on length of employment. The main conclusions consist in the description of several alternatives of regulation of relations in the area of pension security of the migrant workers, depending on the status of foreign citizen, presence of intergovernmental agreement, and their content. Recommendations are formulated on the improvement of the current Federal legislation.


The present invention relates to an end flap, the paper feed cassette, sheet feeding apparatus and an image forming apparatus. The present invention comprises end flap mounted on the paper feeding cassette and movable end fence main body (21) in the sheet feeding direction, means for fixing the end of the visor body is fixed at an arbitrary position of the paper feed cassette provided at the end fence main body pressing member (23) (21), for urging the pressing member so as urging means (24) towards the sheet feeding direction of forward movement, can be switched to the urging force of urging means switching means urging the non-urging state and a state of force acting on the pressing element (25). The switching means switches the non-biased urging state, the end fence main body that is moved in contact with the sheet feeding direction rear end portion, the end fence main body can be reliably moved to a suitable position corresponding to the sheet size, even if the bottom plate is placed upward by rotation of the sheet case, it can be stably supplied to the sheet.


The present study was conducted to visualize neuropeptides in the SCN of a mustelid, the American mink in which seasonal cycles of reproduction rely totally on the annual changes in day length. At this time, data in mustelids are lacking. Results were obtained with in situ hybridization (ISH) using synthetic oligonucleotide vasopressin (AVP) and somatostatin (SOM) and with single and dual immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed with antisera against AVP, SOM, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and met‐enkephalin (Met‐ENK) in untreated (AVP and VIP) or colchicine (SOM, Met‐ENK and GRP) treated adult male and female mink. The most striking result, evidenced by ISH as well as IHC was the lack of AVP, SOM and Met‐ENK immunoreactive (ir)‐neurons in the SCN. In contrast, strongly VIP ir‐perikarya were widely distributed within the SCN and gave rise to a dense network of fibres extending within the periventricular (peVA) and subparaventricular (subPVA) areas. Weakly GRP ir‐perikarya were also observed in the median part of the SCN. Dual IHC revealed that the magnocellular neurons located just dorsal to the SCN, in the peVA and subPVA co‐stored AVP with VIP, SOM or Met‐ENK. The lack of SCN AVP and SOM ir‐neurons, reported for the first time in a mammalian species, raises the question of their implication in the functions of the circadian pacemaker and its entrainment by the light/dark cycle in other species. The significance of the large neurons co‐storing peptides in the terminal field of VlPergic fibres originating in the SCN has also to be determined. These results suggest that VIP could be of major importance in processing photic information mediating circadian entrainment and consequently annual rhythms.


Many people put off creating a long-term-care plan. This step-by-step guide can help you get over inertia, dread, or both.


A resistivity memory device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve the degree of integration of a memory device by limiting a resistance conversion layer of a nanorods structure included in a unit memory structure. A resistivity memory device comprises a middle electrode(42), a memory structure(43) and an upper electrode(44). The middle electrode comprises an overhanging construction formed on a switch(41). The memory structure is formed on the middle electrode. The memory structure comprises a resistance conversion layer(43a) and an insulating layer(43b). A resistance conversion layer is formed with a nanorods structure. The insulating layer is formed in the side of the resistance conversion layer. The upper electrode is formed on the memory structure.


(AlAs)1/2(GaAs)1/2 fractional‐layer superlattices with a new periodicity perpendicular to the growth direction are successfully grown, by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition on (001) GaAs substrates, slightly misoriented towards [110]. The periodic structure in the lateral [110] direction is analyzed by x‐ray superlattice satellite diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Superlattice width along [110] direction are exactly the same as the mean distance of each monolayer step on the (001) vicinal surface. The satellite peak intensity increases with increasing AsH3 partial pressure, and is stronger for substrates misoriented towards [110] than those misoriented towards [110]. The result can be explained using the lateral growth model, taking into account the dangling bond at the step edge. The superlattice image is clearly observed by TEM, which shows that the superlattice periods are almost uniform everywhere.


Initial evidence suggests that older workers enjoy higher work–life balance than young workers. Yet little is known about the mechanisms of this effect or the robustness of age differences when accounting for differences in life context. We introduce and test the boundary management account of aging and work–life balance, which suggests that older workers maintain stronger work–nonwork boundaries as a pathway toward work–life balance. Both in Study 1 (cross‐sectional; N = 298 bank employees) and in Study 2 (aggregated diary entries; N = 608 workers), older workers reported better work–life balance and stronger boundaries at work than young workers; and stronger boundaries at home (Study 1). In both studies, stronger boundaries were related to better work–life balance, and boundary strength mediated the relationship between age and work–life balance. Study 2 additionally suggests that the use of boundary management strategies is responsible for stronger boundaries at higher age. Analyses accounted for differences in family and work context characteristics (both studies) and boundary preferences (Study 1). The findings corroborate evidence of older workers' enhanced work–life balance and suggest that it results from more successful boundary management with age rather than merely from changes in contextual factors or boundary preferences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)


Acute intussusceptions in adults is a rare condition. In children, intussusceptions is often idiopathic in nature, while in adults, a cause is identified in up to 90% of cases. Malignant tumors are reported to be the cause of colon intussusceptions in 65% to 87% of cases. The caecum and sigmoid colon can be regarded as mobile organs which are affected more by intussusceptions than the descending colon due to its attachment to the retroperitoneum. Symptoms at presentation are usually nonspecific. Computed tomography is considered to be the most reliable investigation in making a preoperative diagnosis. A 60year-old man presented with a two months history of recurrent attacks of severe colicky abdominal pain. A caecal tumor was diagnosed by CT-scan of the abdomen. The intussusception was diagnosed by barium enema. The patient was managed surgically. The presentation, diagnosis and treatment are discussed with review of the literature Date Submitted: 4/8/2015 Date Accepted:6/10/2015 Address for Correspondence: Prof. Najeeb Sleiwah Jabbo, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq Key words; Adult, colon, intussusceptions, caecal carcinoma


SUMMARY

A case of poly-cystic spleen as an unusual cause of splenomegaly and an unusual cause of a ring calcification in the left hypochondrium, is described together with radiological findings. Diagnosis was made by angiography and confirmed at laparotomy.


Abstract : Accurate results were obtained for the time history of the electric-field strength between two parallel, infinite, aluminum plates caused by Compton electrons generated by a transient, high-intensity, gamma-ray flux. Two numerical methods, Hamming's method and an exponential differencing technique, were used to solve the resulting ordinary differential equations of the problem. The two techniques and their results are examined and compared, and it is set forth that the exponential differencing method provides a more efficient solution to the ordinary differential equations of the type involved in this problem. (Author)


Direct participation, being understood as the possibility for non-institutional actors to take part in decisionmaking process, became the main legal mechanisms to ensure voice to citizens or persons affected in decision-making procedures of the EU institutions and bodies. The European Citizens' Initiative (ECI), as introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, allows citizens to request new EU legislation once a million signatures from seven member states have been collected asking the European Commission to do so. Two basic principles have to be respected for a proposal to be admissible. It must concern "a matter where a legal act of the Union can be adopted for the purpose of implementing the Treaties" and it has to fall "within the framework of the powers of the Commission to make a proposal," according to the regulation. In this context, further reflection should be made on what the added-value of the ECI is in general and how could it be an added value in the perspective of the European Citizenship. The analysis of the regulation on ECI reveals that one of the main it is to facilitate the collection of statements of support and organising a Europeanwide debate with the expectation that it will create enough political echoes for action. Also, more emphasis should be put on the final stage of the procedure, by providing more guarantees for quickly receiving an affirmative answer from the European Commission. Therefore, ECI represents a new democratic tool in order to decrease the democratic deficit in the European Union.


Objective:To investigate the role of cytokines in modulating expression of Fas and FasL in renal cell carcinoma cells(RCCs) and its implication.Methods:Combination treatment of 786 0 and GRC 1 cells with cytokines including IFNγ?IFNα,IL 2,TNFα and anti Fas monoclonal antibody (FasAb) to induc apoptosis.FasL function was assessed by coculture assays in vitro using renal cancer cells 786 0 or GRC 1 and Fas sensitive Jurkate T cells.Results:1.Either IFNγ or IFNα could up regulate the Fas expression and subsequently augment the Fas mediated apoptosis in 786 0 and GRC 1 cells.2.IFNγ and IFNα could up regulate the FasL expression in 780 0 and GRC 1 cells.And subsequently augmente the apoptosis of Jurkat T cells cocultured with 786 0 and GRC 1 cells.IFNα had the same effects on 786 0 cells.IFNα had the same effects on GRC 1 cells.Conclusion:IFNγ and IFNα could agument the Fas mediated apoptosis of RCCs by enhancement of Fas expression,but they also up regulate the expression of FasL in RCCs and subsequently augmente the apoptosis of RCCs by enhancment the apoptosis of T lymphocytes by Fas/FasL pathway.


Observation on Mercury Concentration in Kao Bay (Halmahera) and Anggai Waters (Obi Island), North of Maluku . Observation on merkuri concentration in territorial waters of Kao Bay and Anggai have been done in January 2005. The result showed that mercury concentration in seawater and sediment in territorial waters of Kao Bay and Anggai waters still lower and still in line with peaceful threshold value for waters biota life. This data indicate that waste of mercury coming from activity of gold mining by PT Nusa Halmahera Raya (NHR) and illegal gold mining by society not yet polluted both of that waters.


Starting from a comprehensive analysis of the current European banking regulation, which reveals overlaps between institutions and agencies at European and national level, and gaps in both the institutional framework and application rules, the Author makes proposals aimed at coordinating the activity of institutions and competent bodies and at filling gaps in order to ensure the stability of the banking system within a framework of legal certainty. According to the A., the current evolution of European banking regulation still asks for a quick and strong EBA action for developing the Single Rulebook to complete the single market.


Presents an inexpensive computer-based analysis and diagnostic method for human back muscle fitness. A novel test equipment with electronic instrumentation and a computer analysis system is designed. Analysis programs calculate the average power of a subject's back and hip muscles. Laboratory results show statistically significant differences between healthy and unhealthy backs. The performance of the system appears to be more specific than the other methods used.


The invention relates to a method and circuit arrangement for performing a Fast Fourier Transform, in particular a complex 64-point Fast Fourier Transformation, on the basis of a complex 8-point Fast Fourier Transformation, and application thereof. The circuit arrangement for performing a Fast Fourier Transformation is composed of parallel or serially arranged input buffers (IB), FFT blocks (FFT), which is based on the decomposition of a 64-point fast Fourier transformation on the basis of an 8-point fast Fourier transformation and performs multiplications by using addition and subtraction and shift register operations, and the required coefficients determined in the FFT block (FFT) are implemented, a multiplier (M), this multiplication is carried out only from additions, subtractions and shift register operations, and buffers (B1 / B2 which serve both as an intermediate memory and as a data output memory (OP)).


rrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is associated with fibrofatty replacement (primarily of the right ventricular myocardium) and with ventricular arrhythmias including sudden cardiac death. Although ARVC is recognized with increasing frequency as a cause of arrhythmias in young individuals, very little information about this condition in the pregnant population is available. In this report, we describe a case of sudden cardiac death in a 30-year-old woman who was 18 weeks pregnant and was subsequently found to have ARVC on postmortem examination. We discuss the physiologic changes associated with pregnancy that may place a gravid woman with ARVC at increased risk for life-threatening arrhythmias and comment on options for pharmacotherapy in this population.


Introduction : Cognitive insight reflects one's Self-Reflectiveness (recognition of dysfunctional reasoning, corrigibility) and Self-Certainty (overconfidence). In schizophrenia, lower Self-Reflectiveness and higher Self-Certainty has been associated with severity of symptoms and poor functioning. There is some evidence that lower Self-Reflectiveness and higher Self-Certainty are associated with attenuated symptoms in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis. The present study evaluated in a CHR sample the relationship between cognitive insight and attenuated symptoms, current functioning, and evaluated change in cognitive insight at baseline and 1-month follow-up. Methods: Twenty-four individuals at CHR of psychosis completed the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale. Attenuated psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms and functioning with the Global Functioning Social and Role scales. A subset of the sample completed the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Self-Reflectiveness, Self-Certainty, and Composite Index scores were correlated with clinical and functional variables. In addition, cognitive insight levels were compared at baseline and 1-month follow-up. Results: Trends were observed toward both increased attenuated perceptual abnormalities/hallucinations and higher Self-Reflectiveness, and increased avolition and increased Self-Reflectiveness. Cognitive insight did not significantly correlate with social or role functioning, or depression. Cognitive insight scores did not significantly differ between baseline and 1-month follow-up. Discussion: These findings provide little evidence for a relation between cognitive insight and clinical and functional variables in CHR, and suggest that cognitive insight remains stable over a 1-month time period in our sample. These data add to a growing body of literature on cognitive insight across the schizophrenia spectrum.


Games-based learning can increase the effectiveness of adult learning in various vocational domains such as Work Safety and Health (WSH). However, one of the key challenges in deploying games-based learning in a larger scale is the high costs of games development. Games development often requires specialized programming skills, and also content expertise from academic specialists. Our Rapid, Easy Authoring Platform for Serious Games (REAPSG) enables lecturers and trainers to create the games-based learning content on their own without the need for specialized programming skills.


Several plants including medicinal plants and weeds that contaminate food crops contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). In the case of medicinal plants not used regularly, a low level of PA can be accommodated, but because food is consumed over a long time the allowable levels must be much lower [1]. Maize and soybean farmers in South Africa suffer economic losses due to the presence of Crotalaria sphaerocarpa seed pods in crops by the implementation of current regulations [1]. Because many Crotalaria species contain toxic PAs, there is a limit on the quantity of seeds that are allowed in the grain. C. sphaerocarpa undoubtedly contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids but toxicity to animals could not be established in several unpublished trials.


A low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system, fueled by natural gas is proposed and its performance is investigated by establishing a thermodynamic model of integral approach using energy and species mass conservation in addition to chemical and thermal equilibrium and electrochemical principals. Adiabatic cell reactions with temperature changes are assumed. Activation, ohmic and concentration potential losses are considered in cell voltage calculations. Estimate of the cost of electricity (COE) of the proposed system is also made using data fits of the available purchase costs. Computer programs using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) supported with graphical user interface (GUI) are established for solution. Parametric studies are conducted to this system over ranges of: stack pressure, stack inlet temperature, reformer temperature, gas shift temperature and current density. Output power, electrical efficiency and the COE are calculated to investigate the economically optimum operating range of each input parameter.


This research was conducted based on the phenomenon that happens to grade VIII SMPIT Bina Amal Semarang which has the social conformity low. The purpose of this research is to proof  the influence of counseling service groups towards the conformity. The type of this research is experimental research. The research was conducted with seven times the grant of preferential treatment on grade VIII SMPIT Bina Amal Semarang, research subject with 8 students. The data collection method used is the psychology scale. Data analysis techniques using deskriptif analysis of percentage and wilcoxon test. The results showed incoming students conformity category is middle (59,75%). After being given the treatment through the counseling of the group, a significant unchanged in conformity of students. Conformity of the students in a middle category (60,37%). It shows that conformity of student can't be influenced through the counseling service groups. Conformity of students not depend on one cause but the another thing to establish it as cohesion,the pretension to change, and the environmental support.


holds for any $u$ in $C^{2}(\overline{\Omega})$ satisfying $\mathcal{B}u|_{\Gamma}=0$ . A well-known necessary condition for the estimate (1.1) to hold is that (1.2) $|b(x)|\leqq 1$ , where $|b(x)|$ is the length of the vector $b(x),$ $ x\in\Gamma$ ([6]). On the other hand if $|b(x)|<1$ at every point $ x\in\Gamma$ , then there exist constants $C_{0}>0$ and $C_{1}$ such that the estimate (1.3) $-{\rm Re}(\Delta u, u)+C_{1}\Vert u\Vert_{0^{2}}\geqq C_{0}\Vert u\Vert_{1}^{2}$


The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship amongst energy consumption, carbon emission, industrialization, urbanization and income in Bangladesh within ARDL bounds testing approach us ...


The logic and rational education is not enough to protect biodiversity and the environment as Human Rights. The access to the field of values depends on education of feelings to assure the survival of future generations.


Occurrence of water transport system Baltic sea llmen lake Black and Caspian seas in the early Middle Ages is connected with Late Holocene transgression of Ladoga lake. The chronology and ecological consequences of this event are shown on materials of drilling on the Earthen Town site of ancient settlement in Staraya Ladoga, where sediments of Ladoga transgression cowered with a thin peat met under 4 m cultural layer. According to radiocarbon dating of peat, water level in Volkhov was lowered below 10 m about 2000 BP. The territory of the future Staraya Ladoga became suitable for settling after the further decrease in a water level not earlier than middle of the first millenium AD. Pollen analysis data obtained from Earthen Town ancient settlement show changes of plants in southern Ladoga lake area during Subatlantic caused with natural factors (decrease of water level after Ladoga transgression) as much as man influence wood harvesting in VIII—IX centuries.


The research represents a personal identity «self-aspects» factorial structure of American respondents. The basis for a questionnaire offered to respondents is constituted by Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure by J. Phinney. Degree of the defined factors' influence on ethno-cultural identity has been detected.


Corrosion mechanism of reactor effluent air coolers was studied based on the construction,operating conditions and parameters of the high - pressure air coolers in the hydrocracking unit in SINOPEC Yangtze Petrochemical Company before and after revamping.Before the revamping,the corrosion mechanism is Ti lining pipe's hydrogen embrittlement,crevice corrosion and galvanic corrosion between the parent tube and lining pipe,and erosion - corrosion of the parent tube.Whereas after revamping,the aircooler's corrosion mechanism is synergistic effect of under - deposit corrosion after ammonium salt's crystallization and deposition and fluid erosion.The impact of processing high - chlorine oil on the reliable operation of air coolers is analyzed,and closed - loop management of high - pressure air coolers based upon flow - induced corrosion prediction is proposed.


This chapter discusses an alliance of Baybars and Berke Khan against their mutual enemy, the Ilkhans. Baybars presents himself as a tool of God and compares himself with victorious David fighting Goliath: the structure gains the quality of official propaganda for the sultan. From the beginning of his reign, Baybars presented himself as the heroic saviour who had delivered the Muslims from the danger to Islam that the infidel Mongols represented. The monuments on which Baybars' inscriptions appear are symbols commemorating his warlike feats against the Franks and Mongols. Baybars also sought to link himself symbolically to the great figures who had carried Islam out of the Arabian peninsula. The regicide of his former master's natural heir was another memory that Baybars sought to purge, here claiming Ayyubid legitimacy by keeping in his inscriptions the nisba al-Ṣāliḥi that linked him to the Ayyubid sultan.Keywords: Ayyubid legitimacy; Baybars; Berke Khan; Franks; Ilkhans; Islam; Mongols; regicide


The utility model relates to a double-chamber bag for containing powder and infusing medicine, comprising a bag body (8) and a medicine-discharging nozzle (1), and the double-chamber bag for containing powder and infusing medicine is characterized in that the bag body (8) is divided into two areas of a glucose sodium chloride chamber (2) and a powder-kind anther chamber (3). The two areas can be separated by an undrawn dividing brazing seam (6), and the medicine-discharging nozzle (1) is connected with the glucose sodium chloride chamber (2) through a communicating pipe (9); one end of the medicine-feeding pipe (10) is communicated with the powder-kind anther chamber (3), the other end of the medicine-entering pipe (10) is arrayed with a rear sealing head (5) and a front sealing head (6), and a cut line (7) is provided between the rear sealing head (5) and the front sealing head (6). If the double-chamber bag for containing powder and infusing medicine is adopted, the single-package expenses of the powder-kind medicine can be saved, and the packing cost is lowered; when the double-chamber bag for containing powder and infusing medicine is used, a disposable syringe and disinfection cotton sticks are not needed, thus the operating cost is saved, the secondary pollution caused by dispensing to the medicines is reduced, and meanwhile, medicinal-liquid confusion can be avoided while in clinical use. The double-chamber bag for containing powder and infusing medicine is easy to use and especially suitable for the emergency treatment and the field use.


A thermodynamic method is developed to determine the monolayer capacity of an adsorbent from a first order transition in an adsorption isotherm. Using a number of examples, the value of the monolayer capacity determined by the thermodynamic method is compared with that determined by the BET method.


The use of a chewing gum containing nicotine as an adjunct to a behavior modification smoking-cessation program increased the number of smokers who successfully discontinued smoking Helping patients to quit smoking is in the interest of all health professionals, including dentists. This chewing gum may be able to help.


Traumatic rupture of the thoracic duct with chylous effusion into the pleural cavity is a condition so rare that the reporting of an additional case seems warranted. The first authentic case of traumatic chylothorax was reported in 1875 by Quincke. 1 In 1933 Mouchet 2 collected 43 published reports of authentic cases and in 1937 Bauersfeld 3 collected 5. Since his article was published 11 additional cases have been reported, 2 by Shackelford and Fisher, 4 1 each by Strauss, 5 Beatty, 6 Brown, 7 Szajna, 8 Fujita, 9 Everhart and Jacobs, 10 Cellan-Jones and Murphy, 11 Matson and Stacy 12 and Hoyer, 13 totaling 59 reported cases. The thoracic duct originates anterior to the body of the second lumbar vertebra as the cisterna chyli. It ascends through the posterior mediastinum between the aorta and the azygos vein, emptying into the left subclavian vein at its junction with the internal


The diploma thesis deals with the land consolidation procedures in Slovenia and in Denmark. The course of land consolidation is presented in detail, together with the key differences in the procedures and the goals of the land consolidation procedures between the two countries. With its many years of experience Denmark has become the leading country in the sphere of the landscape structure organisation, and a growing number of European countries follow its example. The emphasis of the diploma thesis is on the execution of the land consolidation on agricultural land, on the advantages of the Danish system for protecting the agricultural land, and on the advantages of the Danish approach towards the land consolidation procedures.


This paper presents a discrete event system specification (DEVS)-based comparative performance analysis between the open shortest path first (OSPF) protocol and the routing information protocol (RIP), together with the border gateway protocol (BGP), using DEVS-Suite. In order to evaluate the OSPF and RIP's scalability performance, several network models are designed and configured with the OSPF and RIP, in combination with the BGP. Evaluations of the proposed routing protocols are performed based on the metrics, such as the execution time, convergence time, turnaround time, throughput, and efficiency across an increasing size and complexity through the simulated network models. The evaluation results show that the OSPF routing protocol provides a better scalability performance than the RIP routing protocol for Internet applications.


César Chávez is both the most celebrated Latino in American history and one of the most recognizable social activist in the modern era. Before and especially since his death in 1993, a battle has emerged to define his legacy. The image that has emerged and come to dominate the public discourse is erroneous and unbalanced. He has been championed as a social and political activist driven by a secular ideology of justice and non-violence. Yet, contrary to common historical record, it was his personal spirituality and not a secularized 'ideology' that informed his activism. A careful reading of the historical sources, particularly the words of Chávez himself, reveals that he routinely had direct, extraordinary, and profound encounters with God during his extended fasts and these mystical experiences grounded, directed, and infused his program of social reform. Engaging these mystical encounters and understanding their place within Chávez's mission is the critical ingredient to understanding his place in history. Seeking to co-opt Chávez and his cause, those who defined his early legacy—the liberal intelligentsia and militant Chicanos—embarked on a conscious, consistent, and comprehensive agenda to secularize Chávez and substitute their own values for his stated motivations. In the process, they erased his spiritual basis from the public record, thereby creating the 'Christ-less' Chávez of popular perception. By eviscerating the spiritual core of the most famous Latino civil activist, they also perpetuated the widespread notion of a breech between religion and social engagement in the Latino culture. Yet, as some have begun to recognize, Chávez stands firmly within a long-standing tradition within the Latino Catholic heritage of mystic reformers whose extraordinary experiences with God lead to a heightened vision of humanity which is enacted through their life mission. To date, the widespread recognition of Chávez within this tradition has not occurred because of a perceived opposition between mysticism and civic engagement that proves ultimately misguided. As a result, the legacy of Chávez needs balancing. He is a social activist but not only a social activist. Rather, he is a unique breed of social reformer whose basis for action is derived from his mystical encounters with God. Traditionally, the aims of Catholic mysticism have been considered opposed to civic engagement. Mysticism is 'other-worldly' while civic engagement is decidedly 'this-worldly.' Due in large part to a misguided concentration on the mystical experience itself, a presentation as such represents a false dichotomy; mysticism is not necessarily …


Abstract : Monoester-acyl chlorides were obtained by partial esterification of hexafluoroglutaryl chloride with methanol and trifluoroethanol. The monoester-acyl chlorides were converted to the corresponding ester-acyl fluorides by reaction with potassium fluoride in diglyme. Substitution of tetraglyme for diglyme as a solvent drastically alters the course of the reaction. Monofunctional and difunctional acyl fluoride oligomers of HFPO were converted to the corresponding perfluoroiodides by reaction with a slurry of sodium carbonate and iodine in diglyme or tetraglyme. The reaction is general for perfluoroalkyl acyl halides and anhydrides. Monofunctional and difunctional nitrile oligomers of HFPO were converted to the corresponding perfluoroalkyl iminoethers by base catalyzed addition of an alcohol. The reaction is general for perfluoroalkyl nitriles. Difluorocarbene, generated by thermal decomposition of HFPO and trimethyltrifluoromethyltin, did not add to the carbonyl group of pentafluorobenzoyl fluoride or perfluoroacetophenone. Hexafluoropropylene-1,2-episulfide was prepared in low yield, by two published routes. (Author)


Electronic Human Resource Management or what is known as e-HRM emphasizes an ordinary adopted executive practices in the field of manpower handling as well as sourcing. E-HRM is visibly grounded as well as established on diversely rooted expectations and constructive circumstances of e-HRM process, such as reduction of training and development costs, speeding up HR planning, improving manpower quality, and having a stronger strategic function for HR assumptions within the company. The utilization of e-HRM as well as its underlying technology, as a pathway to execute strategies, guidelines, practices as well as regulations pertaining to human resource, is ought to integrate an impact on how human resource role operates in the long run. Moreover, the use of e-HRM adhered to transform the system supported by HR base. The advantage of such e-HRM and its technology on Bangladesh as well as other countries in Asia such as Kuwait and Malaysia has put relevance on the e-HRM system with dependence on how e-HRM is manifested and applied into HRM division. For disadvantage, it can be that Asian countries may be too dependent on e-HRM applications and too much use of its technology without appropriate source of supports to the e-HRM function and the lack of construction base positing effective e-HRM related technology. This has affected Bangladesh and its industries in a serious manner as such; the business might be doing their best to accomplish with e-HRM goals through proper execution as well as adaptation within the business arena.


A treatment facility operating on the northern edge of the San Francisco Bay, in Vallejo, California, was experiencing excessive growth of trickling filter snails in the plant's two biotowers. Downstream of the biotowers, the snail shells would settle in the plant's aeration basins and secondary clarifiers and cause major maintenance problems. Periodically the entire aeration basin and clarifier structures were removed from service and manually cleaned to remove the snail shells. As part of a larger plant improvements project, the owner teamed with Carollo Engineers to develop and evaluate solutions to the snail shell problem. Several alternatives were developed, and the most promising alternatives were tested for effective removal or prevention of the snail shell issue. Pilot testing of an alternative, which included baffles in the aeration basins and the use of grit pumps and classifier systems, proved very effective at snail shell removal. A similar system was designed for permanent installation at the plant, and for a relatively low cost, compared to the excessive manual labor requirements, the snail shell removal system was installed and is currently operating. Initial testing of the system and periodic monitoring of the downstream basins has shown that the custom-engineered snail removal system is very effective at long-term shell removal and disposal.


A method for reducing noise in near-IR laser communications has been proposed that relies upon the dual wavelength output of the He-Xe laser having a high level of noise coherence. However, in transmissions through the atmospheric boundary layer, an additional and significant noise component is added by atmospheric scintillation. These scintillations are mainly limited to frequencies of less than 1 kHz and are correlated in the two laser channels to a degree determined by the channel wavelength separation, the transmission range and the severity of the turbulence regime. To analyze the propagation of waves in random media one normally considers the statistics of the field. In the case of small angle forward scattering, which is the case of interest in laser propagation, field moments higher than the fourth are so difficult to solve that no solutions are known outside of the asymptotic weak and strong approximations. An alternative approach is to conduct numerical experiments in which one generates a realization of the random medium (with the desired statistics) and then calculates the wave field. We have numerically modeled the spatial irradiance intensity as a function of range from a point source under turbulence regimes typical of daytime conditions near the Earth's surface. Simulations were performed for two closely separated channels in the near-IR (1556.5 and 1558.1 nm). We present the results of these simulations together with the implications for the mitigation of atmospheric scintillation noise by common mode rejection.


HOW IS THE LENGTH OF A BRIDGE OVER A STREAM DETERMINED? THIS QUESTION HAS MANY ANSWERS SINCE BRIDGE ENGINEERS, RESPONSIBLE FOR SUCH DECISIONS, HAVE HAD TO RELY PRINCIPALLY ON PERSONAL OBSERVATION AND EXPERIENCE FOR THE ANSWERS. IN SHORT, NO GENERALLY ACCEPTED METHOD FOR BRIDGE WATERWAY DESIGN HAS EXISTED. A COMPARISON OF THE SMALL NUMBER OF BRIDGE FAILURES TO THE TOTAL NUMBER OF BRIDGES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY ATTEST TO THE COMMENDABLE JOB BRIDGE DESIGNERS HAVE PERFORMED WITH THE LIMITED DESIGN TOOLS AVAILABLE. THEIR RECORD IS MOST CERTAINLY IMPRESSIVE. WHAT PROPORTION OF EXISTING BRIDGES ARE UNDER-DESIGNED AND WHAT PROPORTION ARE OVER-DESIGNED FROM THE STANDPOINT OF LENGTH AND CLEARANCE? WITH MANY NEW BRIDGES SCHEDULED TO BE CONSTRUCTED UNDER THE ACCELERATED HIGHWAY PROGRAM, THE ABOVE QUESTION DESERVES SERIOUS THOUGHT FROM THE STANDPOINT OF SAFETY AND ECONOMY. UNDER-DESIGNED BRIDGES USALLY SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES, GIVEN SUFFICIENT TIME. IN THE CASE OF OVER DESIGN, NO RELIABLE STANDARDS EXIST AT THE PRESENT TIME BY WHICH THESE STRUCTURES CAN BE JUDGED IMPARTIALLY. /AUTHOR/


Small size dataset is general issue that we may encounter when training neural networks for analysis of image data. There are many cases when networks can not start training even with data augmentation. This paper proposes a new method how to allow training of image classification even when traditional approaches fail. It presents an experiment, which shows that subtraction of redundant background from images can significantly improve convergence of neural network training. Improvement is not in accuracy matter but it means that neural network is able to train and to start convergence. For experimental evaluation, person binary classification was used and compared to experiments, where the background was removed.


APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR HARVESTING FRUIT INCLUDES A VEHICLE TO WORK IN THE CORRIDORS BETWEEN ROWS sparse TREE CITRUS YOUNG TO COLLECT, STORE AND TRANSPORT CITRUS FRUIT HARVESTED BY WORKERS MOVING TOGETHER TO AND IN FRONT OF THE VEHICLE, including a large TRAY SEMICIRCULAR MOUNTED IN FRONT OF WITH A HOPPER self- propelled vehicle. TRAY CAN BE REMOVED TO ASSEMBLE ON THE VEHICLE a different tray. WALL bottom of the tray is inclined downwards, advancing GRAVITY FRUIT PICK UP the front end of ductwork, which transports pneumatically FRUIT TO HOPPER WHERE IS MAINTAINED sub-atmospheric pressure to generate a flow of air FROM THE PREVIOUS TO END WITHIN THE hopper which is pivotally mounted ON THE BACK OF THE VEHICLE, TO DUMP sELECTIVELY FRUIT AND MAY BE RAISED BEFORE TURNING SEPARATELY.


Soil active organic carbon and nitrogen play important roles in soil carbon and nitrogen cycle as the most active parts of soil organic carbon and nitrogen.Soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)were measured to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization on active soil organic carbon(MBC+DOC) and nitrogen(MBN+DON)from three long-term field experiments(Taoyuan,Ningxiang and Taojiang)in Hunan Province,China.Results showed that chemical fertilizer or combined with organic manure applications increased the contents of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen,as compared to non-fertilizer treatments.The applications of chemical fertilizer increased active soil organic carbon and nitrogen contents by 3.3%~21.0% and 3.3%~27.1%,respectively.Similarly,the applications of organic manure increased active soil organic carbon and nitrogen contents by 48.7%~84.8% and 17.9%~105.8%,respectively.Furthermore positive correlation between the active soil organic carbon and nitrogen contents and organic fertilizer application amounts were found in all the three sites.The contents of active soil organic carbon between three sites followed the track of TaoyuanNingxiangTaojiang.The correlations relationship between active soil organic carbon contents and soil organic carbon accumulation rates was significantly positive(P0.05),while correlation relationship between active soil organic carbon contents and soil organic carbon contents was insignificant.High soil clay contents at Taoyuan site could be the reason why SOC accumulation rates at Taoyuan site were higher than other sites.Although the clay contents and amounts of organic carbon input at Ningxiang and Taojiang sites were similar,the difference of SOC accumulation rates at the two sites was significant.Since high original SOC content at Tao-jiang site was a regulated factor of SOC accumulation rates.Comparable active soil organic nitrogen contents were gained at Taoyuan and Ningxiang sites which were about 1.8 times that in Taoijang site.The significant correlation between active soil organic nitrogen contents and total nitrogen accumulated rates(P0.01)was found in the study.


Chronic difficulties arising from mild brain injury (TBI) are difficult to predict because the processes underlying changes after TBI are poorly understood. In mild brain injury the extent of neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms correspond poorly to overt tissue loss (Barth 1983; Liu 2010). Cellular, immune and hormonal cascades occurring after injury and continuing during the healing process may impact uninjured brain regions sensitive to the effects of physiological and emotional stress, which receive projections from the injury site. Changes in these most basic properties due to injury or disease have profound implications for virtually every aspect of brain function through disruption of neurotransmitter, neuroendocrine and metabolic systems. In order to screen for changes in transmitter and metabolic activity, in this study we developed Single voxel proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for use in both injured and control animals. We first evaluated if 1H-MRS could be used to evaluate in vivo, alterations in brain metabolism and catabolism of the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and ventral hippocampus in both control and injured animals after controlled cortical impact injury to the rat prefrontal cortex. We found that metabolite measurements for Myo-Inositol, Choline, creatine, Glutamate+Glutamine, and N-acetyl-acetate are attainable in deep brain structures in vivo in injured and controls rats. We next seek to evaluate longitudinally, in vivo, alterations in brain metabolism and catabolism of the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and ventral hippocampus during the first month after controlled cortical impact injury to the rat prefrontal cortex. These ongoing studies will provide data on the changes in transmitters and metabolites over time in injured and non-injured subjects. These studies address some of the fundamental questions about how mild brain injury has such diverse effects on overall brain health and function.


Objective: Decision Aids (DAs) help patients participate in medical decisions. DAs can be in paper or digital format, but little is known about the readiness of people with psychosis to use digital technologies for decision-making in psychiatry. We evaluated attitudes and readiness for digital DAs among four stakeholder groups: people with psychosis, clinicians, caregivers, and administrators. Methods: Semi-structured interviews included 19 respondents: six people with a history of psychosis (clients), six clinicians, five caregivers, and two administrators. We recorded, transcribed, and coded interviews for themes using a qualitative inductive analytic process. Results: Our analysis revealed three key themes addressing readiness for involvement in an interactive digital decision-making: (1) preferences for paper DAs; (2) disadvantages of digital DAs (lack of computer skills, lack of access to digital devices, compounded by clients' age and socioeconomic status); (3) advantages of digital DAs (accessibility to illiterate people or those with disabilities, decrease in cognitive burden). Conclusions: Our study suggests that the introduction of digital DAs into psychiatric medication consultations could be potentially well received. Appropriate training and access to digital devices may facilitate the adoption of digital DAs in mental health care.


In recent years,our country's higher education achieved the leap development with the diverse forms,and increasing competition.Self-study exam encountered unprecedented impact,its inherent advantages of the "open,flexible,and less investment" were losing,students resource began to shrink.But at the same time,China's socialist modernization construction,building a lifelong study system calls for high quality self-study exam.Self-study exam must face the world and the future,face modernization,by the way of connotative development,strictly administering,maintaining the hard-won brand,building a lifelong learning platform,can it achieve sustainable development.


CMAJ | June 12, 2023 | Volume 195 | Issue 23 E815 In 2021, Canada ranked fourth among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries for per-person pharmaceutical spending, behind the United States, Japan and Germany1 (Canada spent Can$1088, converted from US dollars using the Bank of Canada's annual average exchange rate). Despite these high pharmaceutical spending levels, studies have shown that fewer new drugs are launched in Canada than in the US and some European countries.2–4 Although a mechanism exists to provide limited access to drugs available outside Canada when conventional therapies have failed or are unavailable,5 people in Canada may be concerned about access to innovative drugs and ask whether the drugs that are not launched in Canada could provide substantial health benefits if they were available through conventional means. Because we are not aware of any study that has scrutinized drugs not launched in Canada, we sought to take a first step in assessing these drugs and determining whether their limited access warrants concern. We draw from multiple data sources to identify the drugs that were approved by the US and Europe between 2016 and 2020 but not submitted for Health Canada review, investigate their characteristics and indications, and appraise their availability and sales in peer countries.


An analytical description of the electromagnetic processes arising in a multiwinding transformer when a few secondary windings are simultaneously connected to a current source circuit is presented. The effect the interrelation between the transformer winding leakage fluxes has on the switching processes is pointed out. The results from simulation and physical modeling of transients that arise when a few secondary transformer windings are simultaneously switched by an AC thyristor bridge switching device are compared.


Objective To discuss the prenatal diagnosis value of fetal limb deformities with ultrasound.Methods Forty-nine fetus with limb deformities examined from Jan 2004 to Dec 2010 in department of ultrasound were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of all fetus,9 were achondroplasia,5 were osteogenesis imperfecta,10 were limb stump deformities,18 were foot deformities,6 were hand deformities and 1 was sirenomelia sequence syndrome.Conclusion Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of limb deformities is very important.Fetal limbs should be examined one part after another.


Now that there seems to be no possibility of finding life as we know it on Mars, in what direction will our exploration of space proceed? The author is science writer for the Chicago Sun-Times.


Abstract : An algorithm for computing samples of a signal envelope from quadrature samples is presented. The method is well suited to either simple special purpose hardware or fast software implementation. Accuracy and speed can be traded off without varying the basic form of the algorithm.