This paper report working principle and several case studies of an innovative radar technique able to operate as diagnostic and monitoring tool on large structures such as buildings, towers, bridges.. The most attractive feature of this technique is that operates without the need of accessing the structure to install sensors or optical targets. A number of applications in the field of Cultural Heritage monitoring and public utilities testing are reported.


We conducted a self-assessment investigation of holding of the training depending on the years of experience of the nurse and the ethical act. The subjects in the survey were 190 people from the nursing staff of Tokushima National Hospital. We made "a self-assessment list" by extracting nine items from the ethical general plan for nursing persons of the Japan Nursing Association. The ratio of the practice of the ethical nursing action was the first 71.41%, the second 74.86%, the third 75.96%, the fourth 76.04%. The ratio increased with the course. All 1-3 items increased when they looked according to an item. Self-consciousness develops with growth, and people come to evaluate behavior and character by themselves. Furthermore, self-assessment is associated with development of the ability to maintain personal relationships.


Adult gadidae have the most differentiated digestive tract in the Teleosteii, with glands in the stomach and many pyloric caeca, but the digestive tract of fish eleutheroembryos and larvae is relatively simple. It is initially narrow and straight, and there are no glands in the stomach, so it resembles the digestive tract of stomachless teleosts. The eleutheroembryo is a free-living (eleutheros=free) embryo, which still depends mainly on its yolk-sac for food. This phase lasts from hatching, when the embryo is about 3‐ 5 mm long, to the start of exogenous feeding at about 5 or 6 days. No mouth is present at hatching, but the oropharyngeal membrane is perforated after 1 day, and it was found (Mangor-Jensen and Adoff, 1987) that eleutheroembryos drink to maintain their osmotic state. The mouth is fully open at 2 days, and movements of the lower jaw, which contains well developed cartilages, have been reported (Yin and Blaxter, 1987). There is active feeding at 5 days. The digestive tract shows differentiation along its length even at this early stage. There is a wide pharynx containing the gill arches, followed by a narrow oesophagus or foregut, which is surrounded by a layer of striated muscle. Initially the apices of the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the oesophagus are in contact with each other, so that the lumen is partly occluded. At the posterior end of the oesophagus there are ciliated cells in the 1-day old larva, which presumably help to circulate the contents of the intestine, since the anus is still closed. The swimbladder is still attached to the intestine just after hatching, and forms a forwardly directed pouch. Its lumen is small, and its lining, like that of the intestine, consists of columnar cells. Posterior to the swimbladder the digestive tract widens to form the mid-gut. Initially, it forms a straight tube dorsal to the yolk-sac, but as the eleutheroembryo develops and starts to feed the tract becomes longer and convoluted. The epithelial cells lining the gut have microvilli at their apical surfaces and contain well-developed organelles, as well as some dark inclusions. There is a little pinocytotic activity, and no mucous cells. The posterior part of the digestive tract is the rectum or hindgut, which becomes separated from the midgut by an externally evident constriction and valve at 3 days. The rectum contains apical vesicles and lysosomes, and there is active pinocytosis at the epithelial surface. Other workers have shown evidence for pinocytotic absorption of protein macromolecules from the gut lumen into the hindgut, followed by intracellular digestion. This is thought to be a larval specialization, since there are no glands in the stomach to produce proteolytic enzymes to start the extracellular digestion of proteins. The posterior part of the hindgut loses microvilli at the lumen, and just after hatching the lumen is occluded. The anus becomes functional at 2‐3 days, and the valve separating the midgut from the rectum may help to keep enzymes in the midgut, so that they are not lost in the faeces. The anus and urinary duct open on a papilla to the left of the base of the fin-fold. The yolk-sac is surrounded by a periblast of flattened cells. There is not a welldeveloped blood supply surrounding the yolk-sac, as in some larvae, and yolk products apparently can pass directly from the surface of the periblast into a subdermal sinus which extends around the gut and myotomes, and into the finfold. Yolk products can also go directly to the liver to be metabolised, since this is very closely associated with the periblast. The liver is a circular mass in the anterior part of the body cavity. It is separated from the pancreas, which contains only one islet, by the gallbladder.


Following a classical plate bending theory of magneto-elasticity, we consider the scattering of time-harmonic flexural waves by a through crack in a conducting plate under a uniform magnetic field normal to the crack surface. An incident wave giving rise to moments symmetric about the crack plane is applied. It is assumed that the plate has the electric and magnetic permeabilities of the free space. By the use of Fourier transforms we reduce the problem to solving a pair ofdual integral equations. The solution of the dual integral equations is then expressed in terms of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The dynamic moment intensity factor versus frequency is computed and the influence of the magnetic field on the normalized values is displayed graphically. It is found that the existence of the magnetic field produces higher singular moments near the crack tip.


We report 2 cases of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt migration into an inguinal hernia sac. In both cases hernia manifested itself on the right side in late infancy. We attempted to analyse the anatomical and mechanical factors leading to shunt migration as seen in the X-rays of our cases.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of medicine, particularly to prasugrel sesquihydrate and its preparation method, the present invention is obtained prasugrel sesquihydrate, comprising a semi-crystalline water has advantages: high purity; stability, even under high-humidity conditions not obvious moisture weight gain; inhibition of platelet aggregation, prasugrel sesquihydrate by nearly 20%. The present invention also relates to the use of a hydrate of such compositions in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.


Appearance, build up and spread of late blight in relation to source of inoculum were studied at the Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla for three years (1984-86) using infector plant as source of inoculum. Disease first appeared on the 'infector' and within 7·8 days primary infection focus was formed around the infec!or. A disease gradient was formed with maximum DI at the source (infector) which decreased with the increase in distance. Mixed plantings of susceptible and resistant cultivars in 1 : 3 to 1 : 4 ratio reduced the disease progress by 2·2.5 times. Prognosis of late blight based on spore appearance was not possible as P. infestans spores always appeared after (0·3 days) the disease. Under glasshouse studies, tubers carrying infection upto 10 per cent of the surface area served as source of inoculum. Disease expression in plants raised from infected tubers was generally at the stern base excepting few plants which exhibited disease symptoms at varying plant levels.


One dimensional (1-D) 1H and 13C NMR experiments are common tools used in undergraduate organic laboratories to characterize synthesized molecules. However, 1-D NMR spectra cannot always provide unambiguous structure determination. In research laboratories, advanced NMR spectroscopy methods are employed for structural assignments of synthesized molecules. This experiment is designed to introduce undergraduate students to the application of an advanced method of 1H NMR spectroscopy, the 1-D selective nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiment, to fully characterize the structure of two compounds. The experiment features a two-step green chemistry synthesis to produce the two compounds. In the first step of the synthesis, 4-methylaniline (para-toluidine) is acetylated to form 4′-methylacetanilide (para-acetotoluidide). The 1-D selective NOE method is used to identify the two different methyl groups present in 4′-methylacetanilide and to assign the aromatic protons. For the second step of the synthesis, brom...


Herpetofauna of Stara Zagora city is characterized by exceptional species richness. In the this urban area and its adjacent territories, twenty-nine species from 13 families and four orders of class Amphibia and class Reptilia were found. From all species encountered in the studied region, 21 were established in suburban zones. Ten species were registered in residential areas and their adjacent territories, and 18 species – in city parks. An obvious increase in number of species and their spread to the peripheral and central city areas was observed. The least number of species (5 sp.) was observed in construction areas, areas of intensive crop farming (6 sp.) and around administrative buildings (6 sp.).


INTRODUCTION: The academic performance is defined as the level of knowledge of a student measured on an evaluation of academic activities, where several factors such as self-concept, internality, need for achievement, among others. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between self-concept, internality and need for achievement with academic achievement as measured by semester grade point average among students in the Bachelor of Medicine and Dentistry of UAQ. MATERIAL AND METHOD: correlational, comparative study carried out in all students in the Bachelor of Medicine and Dentistry of the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, we applied the self survey, need for achievement and locus of control, validated in the Mexican population, it was considered the average grades for the semester January-June 2010. Univariate analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation with Epi Info and Excel. RESULTS: 627 students were studied, Medicine and Odontology 408 and 219, with a mean age of 20 ± 2.0 and 21 ± 2.38 years, respectively, 48% male and 52% women in medicine and Odontology 26% men and 74% female. The average academic performance in Medicine was 8.14 ± 0.72 and 8.61 ± 0.51 Odontology, the average self-concept in Medicine was 316.76 ± 19.93 320.62 ± 18.81y Odontology, the average need for achievement was 11.88 ± 1.29 and 12.15 ± 1.42 respectively and internality with 54.4% according to internal locus of Medicine and Odontology 56.2% and 55.6% affiliative locus and 50.7% respectively. A positive correlation (r = 0.199) between academic performance and need for achievement in Medicine and (r = 0.276) Odontology; negative correlation between self-concept in Medicine (r =- 0.125) and (r =- 0.103) Odontology. Conclusion: Regardless of self-concept, students are aware that depends on your effort, work and their need to achieve more academic.


The SPln-Eco project has been proposed and funded with the aim of studying the Province of Siena (Italy) and the Communes in which it is divided from the viewpoint of sustainable development. Several sustainability indicators, especially originating from holistic approaches, are used. These indicators point out the weak and strong points for the territory with respect to sustainability and the results will be offered to the policy makers as tools for planning. Indicators which will be used are the result of the following methodologies: Ecological Footprint


Listening comprehension is one of the important language skills. It is also regarded as a criterion to judge people's comprehensive language ability. The paper demonstrates how to improve one's listening ability in 3 aspects. First It is vital to cultivate students' confidence and interest in practicing listening comprehension. More efforts should be made to arouse students' interest in listening original script. Second, priority should be put into grasping correct pronunciation and intonation of idiomatic English. Last but not the least, more pratice must be made to improve students' ability to answer the questions about listening comprehension so as to boost their confidence.


Signing Exact English, SEE, is an invented sign system created in the early 1970s by Gerilee Gustason, a deaf university professor and researcher, and Esther Zawolkow, a child of deaf adults (1993). In a rationale for the development of SEE, Nielsen, Luetke, McClean and Stryker (2015) explained that many morphological aspects, like word endings, are not visible in speech and are difficult to speechread. For example, words such as interest, interesting, interests, and interested are nearly impossible to distinguish using speechreading alone and some involve hardto-hear sounds which make these important, audibly-insalient, elements of English difficult for D/HH children to acquire. SEE was invented to address the need to visually represent words in a grammatically accurate way as well as provide 'through the air' access. This research will define the SEE system, exemplify, and explain the research findings on the use of SEE.


Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have partnered with United Silicon Carbide, Inc. to combine advanced materials with novel manufacturing ideas to build a new product for significantly more efficient power conversion. Harnessing the unique features of silicon carbide, this first of its kind device allows higher voltage switching, and reductions in switching losses to significantly boost the efficiency and reliability of power generation and power conversion.


The purpose of this study is to explore the affect of Korea social integrity by the Egyptian immigrant under the cultural differences, institutional...


We investigate class differences in youth activity participation with interview, survey, and archival data from a diverse sample of parents (n = 51) in two schools. Findings point toward structural rather than cultural explanations. Working- and middle-class parents overlap in parenting logics about participation, though differ in one respect: middle-class parents are concerned with customizing children's involvement in activities, while working-class parents are concerned with ensuring safety and social mobility for children through participation. Like financial constraints among the working class, social institutions are implicated in class differences. Schools act as an equalizing institution by offering low-cost activities; yet, contribute to class differences by offering different activities to working- and middle-class youth. Opportunities for working-class youth to participate in non-school activities are few due to the scarcity of community organizations in their neighborhood, while middle-class families are heavily involved in out-of-school activities. We explore the implications of our findings for educational stratification.


To satisfy the needs in the use of X-ray and the design of the target used in electron accelerators X-ray emissions produced by 2 - 20 MeV electrons hitting tungsten targets with different thicknesses were modeled with the MCNP4B code to improve the design of the target structure and electron beam parameters in modern X-ray applications. The results show that the MCNP4B predictions agree well with the data from NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements) Report No. 51 for electron energies below 10 MeV. The differences increases at higher energy. The results provide an important addition to NCRP Report No. 51, offering a series of specific parameters for the design of targets in electron accelerators.


Version anglaise dans la bibliotheque: Preliminary synthesis : IDRC-supported research on large-scale land acquisitions in Africa; using action research to build greater accountability


The general-purpose detector CMD-2 is taking data at the Novosibirsk VEPP-2M e + e collider in the energy range 360{1400 MeV, with lumi-nosity o f 5 : 0 10 30 cm 2 s 1 for the resonance region. Data from 1500 nb 1 of integrated luminosity around 1.02 GeV and 500 nb 1 in the 600{1000 MeV range have been collected and preliminary analyses performed. We present progress in studies of the meson and K S K L systems: (a) measurement of the meson parameters; (b) searches for rare decays. The new upper limits B (c) the study of the K L interactions in the CsI calorimeter; (d) with the help of 32,340 tagged K S , the semi-rare decay o f K S ! + has been observed with a branching ratio of (1:82 0:49) 10 3 ; and (e) selection of events with K S K L coupled decays and interactions. The regeneration cross section of the low momenta K L was found to be Be reg = 6 3 19 mb. Data from the 600{1000 MeV energy range are used for high-accuracy measurement of the e + e annihilation cross section, and the preliminary analysis is presented in this paper.


We consider the difficult problem of computing the smallest singular values and corresponding singular vectors of large matrices, matrices of order several hundred to several thousand. We compute these quantities by computing corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of related symmetric matrices. We discuss several mechanisms for accelerating the computations which may also prove useful in other types of computations. A combination singular value algorithm that makes use of two symmetric matrices associated with the singular values of the given matrix is proposed.


We report experimental results on the importance of information disclosure policy in first-price sealed-bid auctions. Interaction takes place in 10 periods according to a random-matching protocol, andwe control the level of information feedback bidders receive after each period.When bidders are informed about the losing bids in previous periods, prices are higher than the theoretical prediction. However, when this information is not revealed the bidding becomesmore competitive, and the bids come close to the theoretical prediction.We suggest that a signaling phenomenonmay be important for explaining these results. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification:C92; D44; L15


The aim of this work was to optimize the biomass production by Bifidobacterium bifidum 255 using the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) both coupled with GA. To develop the empirical model for the yield of probiotic bacteria, additional carbon and nitrogen content, inoculum size, age, temperature and pH were selected as the parameters. Models were developed using ¼ fractional factorial design (FFD) of the experiments with the selected parameters. The normalized percentage mean squared error obtained from the ANN and RSM models were 0.05 and 0.1%, respectively. Regression coefficient (R2) of the ANN model showed higher prediction accuracy compared to that of the RSM model. The empirical yield model (for both ANN and RSM) obtained were utilized as the objective functions to be maximized with the help of genetic algorithm. The optimal conditions for the maximal biomass yield were 37.4 °C, pH 7.09, inoculum volume 1.97 ml, inoculum age 58.58 h, carbon content 41.74% (w/v), and nitrogen content 46.23% (w/v). The work reported is a novel concept of combining the statistical modeling and evolutionary optimization for an improved yield of cell mass of B. bifidum 255.


Subjects were exposed to vivid versus pallid descriptions of CinabonTM rolls. The findings:(1) the associative network of memories of the aroma associated with the product mediated the influence of vividness on desire, attitudes, and purchase intention. (2) Hedonic rationalizations – justifications for yielding to an eating temptation – mediated the influence of affect intensity on craving and desire. But cognitive deliberations – thoughts that focus on the consequences of indulging, failed to mediate the effect of affect intensity on desire.


In this paper three new materials with 3D structure based on hydroxyapatite (HAP), β tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite + β tricalcium phosphate (HAP + β-TCP) were studied. The short term behaviour of these new materials in simulated body fluid (SBF) was analysed from their weight variations and structure changes. Also, the variation in time of pH and concentration of calcium and phosphorus ions from SBF was monitored for the investigation of the coupled mechanism of scaffold dissolution and calcium and phosphorus deposition. The pH of SBF increased at the beginning due to the dissolution of the soluble phases from scaffold material and then maintained at a constant value as results of a deposition process that exceeded the scaffold dissolution. Thus, the bioactivity increased in time. Concentration of the calcium and phosphorus ions from SBF decreased in the first 170 immersion hours due to the deposition process on the scaffolds; after 200 h, their concentration remained almost constantly as a result of compensation of processes of dissolution and deposition. The morpho-structural studies performed by SEM microscopy, confirmed that, after 360 immersion hours appeared a layer made of nanosized acicular grains that coats the walls of the cavities.


The NC program integrated transmission system was designed,including hardware selection and using registry technology to achieve a communication parameters of loading,implementation of procedures for the NC machining program transmission and processing online,achieved good results.


Edelweiss and 'a research institute ITD-CNR in Genoa that aims to explore the potential' of computing and communication in support of the hospital school.


Energy reform has brought substantial changes to the country of Mexico that involved constitutional changes. The aim of this paper is to analyze export tax revenues and PEMEX services and oil and tax revenues of the Federal Government to understand the proposed constitutional reform. It is a study of PEMEX budget and tax revenues of the federal government.


In this paper, the actuator fault estimation problem of semi-active suspension systems is considered. For instance, an oil leakage in a damper could cause a reduction of the damping force. The fault estimation requires a modeling of the damper fault (both multiplicative and additive fault models can be used). Three observer-based approaches are compared for fault estimation: an observer using fast adaptive fault estimation (FAFE) approach (used for estimation of additive faults), a parametric adaptive observer (AO) and a switched LPV observer (LPVO) (both intended to estimate mulplicative faults). Since the damper fault estimation is strongly affected by the unknown road disturbances, an H∞ performance objective is used to reduce the effect of disturbances on the estimation error for performance assessment. Some simulations are performed on a quarter car model to validate these methodologies and a comparison is then given to show the interest of each method.


This study surveys the available English-language literature and learning resources covering the field of Thai geography, and provides historical review of Thai geography education and an inventory of relevant, accessible materials for ASEAN and international undergraduate students, educators and researchers. We note that the discipline and context of Thai geography has shifted toward new technologies, particularly geographic information systems, and this has left a void in practical and accessible text for high school and undergraduate students in gaining broad and traditional knowledge of the field. Our study finds that the accessibility of introductory English-language texts on Thai geography is limited, and that existing texts appear mainly in the grey literature or widely dispersed across various disciplines of study. The paper provides a platform to help future researchers and to facilitate future production of English-language textbooks and other study materials in the field of Thai geography.


In 1982, the San Francisco Housing Authority began installing specified energy conservation measures financed under a zero interest loan program (ZIP) from the local utility company. The retrofit measures included attic insulation, exterior door weatherstripping, low-flow showerheads, and water heater blankets. By the end of 1983, 4082 apartments (59% of the authority's units) had been weatherized at a cost of approximately $396,000. Three years of metered gas consumption data are analyzed including one year of post-retrofit data, for five family housing projects (totalling 1980 units) in an attempt to determine energy savings attributable to the retrofits. Post-retrofit energy consumption levels are 7 to 20% lower in the four projects that saved energy. Analysis of model parameter estimates indicates that the energy savings are due to reduced baseload use. This result suggests that measures designed to reduce hot water consumption were particularly effective. In the fifth project, annual energy use increased by 14%. Overall, the Housing Authority's recent retrofit efforts in the five projects are cost-effective, with an average simple payback of 4.6 years and a cost of conserved energy of $2.50/MBtu. The Housing Authority's efforts to retain tight budgetary control over retrofit costs, which averaged only $150/unit, contributed to themore » program's success. The study also examines the applicability of a building energy analysis model to multi-family building located in mild climates. We find that it is important to account explicitly for changes in vacancy rates in analyzing consumption patterns, particularly when evaluating the impact of retrofits in multi-family buildings with high turnover and fluctuating occupancy rates.« less


This work presents the idea of discourse upgrade by half breed DNN with stage remuneration technique to improve exactness of framework. The first objective of parallel veil assessment was to recognize the areas where the SNR was higher than 0 dB. What's more we have fostered a calculation for assessing the dynamic level of a discourse signal in any event, when undeniable degrees of clamor are available. The clamor can be added substance or convolutive. The point of the commotion decrease calculations is to gauge the perfect discourse signal from the uproarious chronicles to improve the quality and comprehensibility of the upgraded signal. In this work, it gives discourse upgrade under various uproarious conditions. After this, it furnishes the exhibition correlation with existing DNN technique as far as WER and SNR


WHAT IS A GOOD NAME? A. A "good name" is a good reputation, where your name alone evokes thoughts of a great Christian person, such as the name David had in Israel (I Samuel 16:18; 18:1,5,14-16,28,30). 1. "Great riches" describe prosperity, success, and wealth that most men passionately covet. 2. Lesson #1: Solomon, with incredible wealth, valued a good reputation higher than riches. 3. A man with a good reputation is greater than a very rich man. A good name is true riches! 4. Lesson #2: A good name can be chosen: you were not born with it; others cannot ruin it. 5. Every day and at all times you choose to build a great name or leave yours in the mud. B. "Loving favour" is a good reputation that causes others to befriend and love you, such as David, Jesus, an elect lady, and Gaius (I Sam 18:1; Luke 2:52; II John 1:1; III John 1:1). 1. Silver and gold are precious metals metonymically put for financial and business success. 2. Replacing the ellipsis, having others love your person is a choice just like a good name. 3. Men make great efforts over much time to gain financially, but wise men will for a name. 4. If you are short of friends that love you dearly, you have blown it (Prov 11:16; 18:24). 5. It is not your birth; it is not the fault of others; it is not magic; you have been odious. C. A good name enhances life, brings joy, and increases appeal more than precious ointment.


Volume 7, no. 1, e02034-15, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02034-15. The positive-control complemented strain pzwf and negative-control mutant sample pzwf701AAA chromatogram were used multiple times in the figures in this manuscript only for clarity of the readers, since all the other sample peaks were compared with these two control samples. All experiments were performed with three consistent independent repeats.


In January 2005 the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) was funded on the National Immunisation Program for all children as a three-dose regimen given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age with a catch-up program for children up to 3 years of age. In the same year, the 23valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) was funded for all Australians aged 65 years and over. A 23vPPV nationally funded program for Indigenous Australians aged 50 years and over, as well as those aged 15–50 yearswith specified underlyingmedical risk factors, has been in place since 1999.


Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listed solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) are now being deployed for the first time ever. SSCBs eliminate the magnetic forces between phase conductors during short circuit events and do not require 1-2 cycles before clearing a short circuit. New silicon-carbide (SiC) semiconductors and current sensing methodologies mean SSCB's interrupt short circuits faster than mechanical breakers. A SSCB can withstand millions more operations than traditional circuit breakers and achieves interrupting ratings of up to 200,000-amps. When a short circuit condition is sensed, nanosecond-speed SiC semiconductors first clear the fault and then open an internal air-gap mechanism, but yet, the air gap is never required to break the flow of current through air (i.e. no arc). The SSCB is software defined which means that their time current curves (TCC's) are also software defined requiring fewer hardware stock keeping units (SKU's). Other features include; remote control, revenue power metering, soft starting, virtual relaying, inherent arc flash mitigation, 60% size reduction, and far less maintenance than mechanical breakers.


Given the competitive post-secondary teaching job market, graduate students have reported a need for training in teaching and professional skills (Sekuler, Crow, & Annan, 2013). In Winter 2015, McMaster University launched a blended Teaching and Learning Certificates of Completion Program for graduate students and postdocs. Participants may earn one, or both, of two certificates of completion offered. The program was designed to include many components common to teaching and learning certificate programs, but it also included several identified opportunities for enhancement (Kenny, Watson, and Watton, 2014) and incorporated discussion on the post-secondary teaching labour market. The poster tells the story of participants' experiences in the program, detailing the program's structure, the methods used to evaluate it (a pre/post/post survey design and focus groups with earners), and the key research findings. It is hoped that the research will support the growth of effective teaching and good practice in pedagogical programming.


The author gratefully acknowledges Caitlin McCain's assistance in editing and reviewing this article. At a time when hundreds of southerners could charter a train to watch Henry Smith lynched, his feet seared with a red-hot iron, the word "Justice" emblazoned on the scaffold, his grisly demise captured in souvenir photo- graphs, whites who promoted segregation seemed comparatively mild. Woodrow Wilson, future president and visionary of a world made safe by democracy, was one of these.


The authors have examined the conditions for making /sup 123/I with the LU-100 linear accelerator at the Institute of High-Energy Physics, Protvino. The authors measured the excitation functions of (p, 3n) and (p, 5n) for sodium iodide exposed to protons of initial energy 100 MeV and determined the yield and purity of the /sup 123/I obtained on isolating /sup 123/Xe on line. The activities of /sup 123/Xe and /sup 125/Xe were determined from the gamma intensities. A gamma spectrometer was used with a Ge(LI) detector and 4096-channel analyzer with the ETAP program for the ES 10-10 computer. The areas under the peaks referred to the end of irradiation were used with the decay data and the detector efficiency, as well as the measurement time and geometry, to calculate the formation cross sections for /sup 123/Xe and /sup 125/Xe and the yields of /sup 123/I and /sup 125/I.


1. A blood dialysis system including a source of substitution fluid and a blood dialysis machine, a hemodiafiltration cartridge comprising: a housing including a blood inlet which receives blood, a blood outlet which discharges diafiltered blood, a dialysate inlet for receiving a dialysate fluid and a dialysate outlet for discharging the dialysate fluid, the housing further including a plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements; a member for dividing the housing into a first hemodiafiltration stage and a second hemodiafiltration stage, a first portion of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements being associated with the first stage and a second portion of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements being associated with the second stage, the blood inlet being in fluid communication only with the first stage, while the blood outlet is in fluid communication only with the second stage; and an inter-stage section for providing fluid communication between the first and second stages, the inter-stage section including an inlet for receiving a substitution fluid, wherein blood entering the blood inlet is partially diafiltered as it flows within the semi-permeable filtering elements of the first stage before being discharged into the inter-stage section where it is mixed with substitution fluid to form a blood/substitution mixture which then flows within the semi-permeable filtering elements of the second stage where further diafiltration occurs. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the blood flows in a first direction in the first stage and in a second direction in the second stage. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the dialysate fluid flows in the second direction relative to both the first and second stages. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a detachable first header cap disposed at a first end of the cartridge, the member including an inner wall formed as part of the first header cap, the inner wall dividing the first header cap into first and second inner header spaces. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the first header cap includes the blood inlet which is in fluid communication with the first inner header space. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the first inner header space is only in fluid communication with the filtering elements of the first stage, the second inner header space only being in fluid communication with the filtering elements of the second stage. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the member includes a separator which divides the plurality of the filtering elements into the first and second stages. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the separator comprises an annular ring disposed in a first potting compound at a first end of the plurality of filtering elements proximate to the blood inlet and blood outlet. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the inner wall is aligned with the separator. 10. The system of claim 7, further including an 0-ring disposed between the inner wall and the separator for sealing the first inner header space from the second inner header space. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the separator includes a channel formed therein, the inner wall having a distal tip section which is attached to the separator within the channel. 12. The system of claim 1, further including a first potting compound surrounding the plurality of filtering elements at a first end thereof, and wherein the member comprises an inner wall of a first header cap that is connected to a first end of the housing, a distal tip section of the inner wall being disposed within the first potting compound so as to divide the plurality of filtering elements into the first and second stages. 13. The system of claim 4, wherein the blood outlet is formed in the first header cap so as to be in fluid communication only with the second inner header space. 14. The system of claim 1, further including a second header cap disposed at one end of the plurality of filtering elements so as to partially define the interstage connector, the second header cap having the substitution fluid inlet formed therein. 15. The system of claim 14, further including a second potting compound at the one end of the plurality of filtering elements, the second potting compound permitting each of the filtering elements to be in fluid communication with the inter-stage section. 16. The system of claim 1, further including a dialysate compartment defined by the housing and surrounding the filtering elements of the first and second stages, the dialysate inlet and outlet being in fluid communication with the dialysate compartment. 17. A blood dialysis system including a source of substitution fluid, a blood dialysis machine, and a hemodiafiltration cartridge, the cartridge comprising: a housing including a blood inlet which receives blood; a blood outlet which discharges diafiltered blood, a dialysate inlet for receiving a dialysate fluid and a dialysate outlet for discharging the dialysate fluid; a member for dividing the housing into a first hemodiafiltration stage and a second hemodiafiltration stage, wherein the member permits the blood inlet to be in fluid communication only with the first stage while fluid communication is prevented between the blood inlet and the second stage, the blood outlet being in fluid communication only with the second stage; a first filtering element associated with the first stage; a second filtering element associated with the second stage; and an inter-stage section for providing fluid communication between the first and second stages, the inter-stage section including an inlet for receiving the substitution fluid, wherein blood entering the blood inlet is partially diafiltered in the first stage before being discharged into the inter-stage section where it is mixed with the substitution fluid to form a blood/substitution mixture which then flows within the second stage where further diafiltration occurs prior to the diafiltered blood being discharged through the blood outlet. 18. A dual-stage hemodiafiltration cartridge, the cartridge comprising: a housing having a dialysate inlet and dialysate outlet; a member dividing the housing into a first hemodiafiltration stage which receives blood through a blood inlet and a second hemodiafiltration stage, the member preventing the blood entering the blood inlet from fluidly communicating with the second stage; an inter-stage section for providing fluid communication between the first and second stages, the inter-stage section including an inlet for receiving the substitution fluid, wherein blood entering the interstage section from the first stage has a first concentration of toxins, the blood being mixed in the inter-stage section with the substitution fluid to form a blood/substitution mixture which then flows within the second stage, the second stage having a blood outlet through which blood having a second concentration of toxins is discharged, the first concentration of toxins being greater than the second concentration of toxins; and wherein dialysate fluid flow is counter-current to blood flow in the first stage and co-current to blood flow in the second stage. 19. The dual stage cartridge of claim 18, wherein the housing includes first semi-permeable filtering elements associated with the first stage and second semi-permeable filtering elements associated with the second stage. 20. The dual-stage cartridge of claim 18, wherein the housing includes a first header cap disposed at a first end of the cartridge, the member including an inner wall formed as part of the first header cap, the inner wall dividing the first header cap into first and second inner header spaces, the blood inlet being in fluid communication only with the first inner header space, while the blood outlet is only in communication with the second inner header space. 21. The dual-stage cartridge of claim 20, wherein the first inner header space is only in fluid communication with the first semi-permeable filtering elements and the second inner header space is only in fluid communication with the second semi-permeable filtering elements. 22. The dual-stage cartridge of claim 20, wherein the member includes a separator which the divides the plurality of the filtering elements into the first and second stages, the separator cooperating with the inner wall so as to define the first and second stages. 23. The dual-stage cartridge of claim 19, wherein the blood is diafiltered in each of the first and second stages by diffusion of toxins through the first and second semi-permeable filtering elements and by fluid conduction across the first and second semi-permeable filtering elements. 24. A dual-stage filtration cartridge comprising: a housing having a first sterilization stage including first semi-permeable filtering elements and a second sterilization stage including second semipermeable filtering elements, the housing having a first end and a second end with the first end including a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port and a member that divides the housing into the first sterilization stage and the second sterilization stage, first ends of the semi-permeable filtering elements being proximate to the first end of the housing, second ends of the semipermeable filtering elements being proximate to the second end of the housing, the fluid inlet port being in fluid communication only with the first sterilization stage, while the fluid outlet port is in fluid communication only with the second sterilization stage, wherein the first and second semi-permeable filtering elements are sealed at the second end of the housing so as to cause the fluid entering the fluid inlet port to flow within lumen sections of the first semi-permeable filtering elements and then be filtered by being conducted across the first semi-permeable filtering elements and then subsequently being filtered again by being conducted across the second semi-permeable filtering elements and into the lumen


The study revealed that cold stress elevates the expression of HSP70, TLR2 and TL4 of indigenous chicken. Increase in expression of HSP70 was most likely to have cryoprotective properties by elevating the TLR2 and TLR4 of indigenous chicken during cold stress.


bstract—The role of the cerebellum has been increasingly ecognized not only in motor control but in sensory, cogniive and emotional learning and regulation. Purkinje cells, eing the sole output from the cerebellar cortex, occupy an ntegrative position in this network. Plasticity at this level is nown to critically involve calcium signaling. In the last few ears, electrophysiological study of genetically engineered ice has demonstrated the topical role of several genes ncoding calcium-binding proteins (calretinin, calbindin, arvalbumin). Specific inactivation of these genes results in he emergence of a fast network oscillation (ca. 160 Hz) hroughout the cerebellar cortex in alert animals, associated ith ataxia. This oscillation is produced by synchronization f Purkinje cells along the parallel fiber beam. It behaves s an electrophysiological arrest rhythm, being blocked by ensorimotor stimulation. Pharmacological manipulations howed that the oscillation is blocked by GABAA and NMDA ntagonists as well as gap junction blockers. This cerebellar etwork oscillation has also been documented in mouse odels of human conditions with complex developmental erebellar dysfunction, such as Angelman syndrome and etal alcohol syndrome. Recent evidence suggests a relationhip between fast oscillation and cerebellar long term deression (LTD). This may have major implications for future herapeutic targeting. © 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier td. All rights reserved.


This study describes a model, which classifies the susceptibility of streams to flooding. Three flood predisposing factors are considered: average slope, accumulated flow, and average relative permeability. Multi‐criteria analysis provided results for 11 combinations of weights. Results were compared with the historical record of flood losses reported in newspapers between 1935 and 2010. Lithology appears to function as a relevant factor in differentiating the major sub‐basins. Eighty‐six percent of flood loss occurrences took place in streams identified by the model. Analysing stream flood susceptibility and flood loss data allow the identification of locations where disaster causes should be searched, apart from those explained by the predisposing factors. The assessment of streams' flood susceptibility through this methodology is useful in (i) data‐rich contexts where additional factors may be considered and the availability of historical records helps to validate the model and (ii) data‐poor contexts where data to run the model is easily found.


PurposeThe question has been asked, "Where are the women?" explicitly looking at the public relations (PR) industry, but this is a broader issue reflected in many senior management roles, especially at the corporate board level. One of the solutions suggested is "quotas". This paper explores the literature to identify the prominent arguments for and against representation regulations (quotas) concerning corporate board gender diversity and concisely presents the findings.Design/methodology/approachThe exploratory research path first focuses on a literature search using the keywords – "gender diversity", "board structures" and "female traits" to identify the various issues concerning female members serving on corporate boards. This led to the investigation exploring if 'quotas' could play a role in increasing the number of female directors and, if so, what kind of impact this would have. When the authors discovered the paper by Place and Vardeman-Winter (2018), it was realised that a possible gap in the literature might have been identified. The focus then turned to the PR and corporate communications literature, where it was discovered that the issue of gender quotas was not explored. This paper brings together the germane literature from a wide range of disciplines. To obtain a broad perspective of the arguments, the authors conducted a review of this diverse field of literature through various databases and websites, including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, publishers' databases such as Emerald Insight, Taylor and Francis, Macmillan, Blackwell, Oxford University, etc.FindingsThere are solid arguments both for and against quotas. However, many opposing views appear to be less sound than the positive ones, which allowed the authors to concur in favour of quotas and the broader adoption of female directors. It is only by identifying problems that solutions can be found – the issues concerning corporate board gender quotas relate to the perception of the arguments for and against quotas; the reality is often different. While there is a strong "business case" and "stakeholder influence" for the inclusion of women on corporate boards, some governments have put further pressure (either voluntary or mandatory) on organisations by imposing a "quota" system. At the same time, other countries are undecided on what action, if any, to take.Practical implicationsThis paper can serve as guidance to countries that have not yet implemented quotas or those looking to move from a voluntary to mandatory quotas system. In addition to that, the paper should be valuable to academics, managers, regulators, legislators and policy-makers.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first academic paper to present the critical arguments raised in the diverse literature on corporate board gender quotas succinctly and concisely and, therefore, adds value to the literature. It is also believed to be the first paper to address the issue of quotas in the PR and corporate communications literature.


ABSTRACT Results of recent experiments reported in the literature with frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) mode of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging are enabling high-resolution, day and night remote sensing of ground terrain. Also, FMCW-based SAR techniques are accepted for ground-based SAR (GB-SAR) instrumentation for early warning of fragile slopes such as in coal mines, avalanche detection. Features of images generated by FMCW SAR sensors need to be calibrated for interpretation purposes as like other forms of microwave imaging. In this paper, we demonstrate a ground-based method to calibrate high-resolution FMCW SAR image features by experimenting with a long railSAR testbed. Signal processing algorithms are derived to support high-resolution SAR image formation according to the requirement of the experiment. Trihedral corner reflectors (CRs) of submeter dimensions are placed on terrains with different normalized radar cross-section (RCS) coefficient (σ0) to measure backscattering properties from targets and surrounding clutter from different heights and varied look angles. Calibration of the features of CRs is performed with respect to their physical dimensions by measuring the impulse response functions and spatial resolution in the SAR images. Target RCS and speckle properties derived from single-look and multilook processing of experimental data closely follows target and scene parameters such as radiometric and geometric measures of RCS of the CRs and σ0 of surroundings such as tar road and concrete road. By this experiment the features of high-resolution FMCW SAR images are measured and calibrated without flying the radar sensor on airborne platform.


A study of the curriculum of the nutrition careers of institutions attached to the National Council for the Quality of Educational Programs in Nutrition was carried out with the objective of examining the characteristics of biochemical education. The research was descriptive, and the methodology focused on the bibliographic review. It was identified that the graduation profiles generally do not mention training in biochemistry; however, 11.11% have only one subject, 77.78% (28) with two and 11.11% (4) three, addressing contents of structural and metabolic biochemistry. Although the objectives and contents are similar, the time devoted to teaching them varies greatly, so it is believed that this factor should be taken into account when evaluating the study plans of each educational institution in order to determine the appropriate time for teaching. of biochemistry.


We report an all-fiber CPA system based on pulse stretching in dispersion-engineered FBG and compression in photonic band gap fiber (PBGF). We analyze the design trade-offs and estimate pulse energy limit due to PBGF nonlinearity.


While transfer of aged care facility (ACF) residents to an acute hospital is sometimes necessary, for those at end of life this can cause fragmented care and disruption.


In the course of another exercise (Johnson, Scrimgeour & Manning 2006) I compiled, with the help of CCMAU, a financial record of the crown research institutes from 1992 to 2005. In this paper I thought I would share with this audience some of the facts that emerged from the exercise and make some observations about present and future trends in the organisation of R&D funding in NZ. There has been a systematic clamour from the agricultural institutes that the initial plans for the CRI discriminated against their activities. This led to job uncertainty as well as a huge increase in transaction costs in the process of obtaining funds. More recently, the activities of the agricultural interests has seen a re-activation of forward planning for this part of the science sector in the form of Dairy 21 an amalgamation of Dexcel, Dairy Insight and Fonterra interests along with AgResearch. In the meantime, the Government has yielded to CRI pressure to modify the contestable model for science funding with more emphasis on longer term planning and continuity for the funding of the institutes. Most recently, scientists at Otago University have pointed out that moves in this direction are likely to be at the expense of university funding of R&D.


Traditional feature matching methods like scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) tend to work only on single modality images, but become poor on multimodal images due to nonlinear mapping between images. To cope with this problem, this letter proposes to use the invariance of structural information in images to detect and describe feature points, which is called structure tensor feature transform (STFT). First, STFT proposes anisotropic Gaussian directional derivative (AGDD) instead of first-order derivative for edge detection, which improves the ac-curacy and noise reduction ability of edges in multimodal images. Then, structural tensor feature decomposition uses each two edge images to decompose into a linearity map and an orientation map. Finally, sequence linearity maps and orientation maps are fused into a intensity map with rich structural information to obtain feature points and a feature description map. Experiments carried out on six types of multimodal images point out that the STFT can effectively overcome the difference in multimodal images compared to the state-of-the-art methods.


The branding tool has recently become one of the most popular and dynamically developing methods of promoting a company in a competitive market. At the same time, the physical nature of markets can be quite arbitrary. Our article describes a theoretical and practical study of branding in the oil and gas industry in Russia. The oil and gas industry occupies a very important place in the Russian economy. The industry has its own unique ecosystem of businesses, from small independent operators to large oil and gas corporations. Taking this into account, the branding factor is becoming one of the most important arguments in the competition. This aspect determines the relevance of the study. The object of the research is PJSC "Gazprom". The theoretical part of the article is devoted to the study of the concept of brand and branding. While the analytical part describes the characteristics of PJSC "Gazprom" and estimates of the brand value.


There has been growing research on the link between social capital and subjective well-being. However, to date, research investigating the impact of social capital on subjective well-being based on urban and rural typology is limited. Therefore, to fill this gap, this study aims to examine the effects of social capital on subjective well-being, based on urban and rural typology, using large-scale data from 29,341 Indonesian residents, comprising 17,155 urban residents and 12,186 rural residents. A two-stage predictor substitution (2SPS) approach is applied to address the endogeneity issue in estimating the impact of social capital. The empirical findings indicate that social capital significantly increases subjective well-being, i.e., happiness and life satisfaction. However, based on the urban–rural model, we found that the impact of social capital on subjective well-being is different. In the urban model, social capital increases happiness and life satisfaction significantly. However, the rural model indicates that social capital significantly increases happiness, not life satisfaction. These findings imply that subjective well-being impacts urban residents more than rural residents. The main reason is social capital in urban areas is well-developed (i.e., management and infrastructure for community association). Therefore, we suggest developing social capital in rural areas to expand its role in improving well-being.


After an investigation on some university students, Sports and Health is found to be in need and well-recognized. The value, function and status of the course are also affirmed and admitted. University students feel eager to learn approaches of sports and knowledge of health protection; they are in need of an educational, practical and ability-training Sports and Health course that can help and strengthen themselves. Therefore, we have a corresponding adjustment and reformation to the set, pattern and content of the present-used Sports and Health course so that it can meet the new situation after China's joining in WTO and have a better enforcement of lifelong sports.


Let P be an algebraic number field of finite degree and K a cyclic extension of prime degree / over P such that the number of ambigous elasses is equal to l). Moreover, assume that the absolute class field L of K is cyclic over K. (These notations will be used throughout this paper.) It is the aim of the present paper to investigate the arithmetical properties of the field L, in particular the structure of the absolute ideal class group $L of L Our main theorem asserts that £L is isomorphie to the Z-fold direct product of the absolute class group ffiß of a certain subfield of L, if K\P is ramified, and to the /-fold direct product of a subgroup of index / of $?ß, if K\P is unramified. This result is concerned with the structure of class field towers over algebraic number fields. (For example, see corollary of the main theorem in § 3.) It implies also a very simple relation between the absolute class groups of intermediate fields of the Galois extension L/JP, adding a new result to the study of class number relations pursued by Nehrkorn [4], Kuroda [5], Brauer [6] and others. In § l we shall give some preliminaries and determine in particular the structure of the Galois group © of L/P. § 2 deals with Abelian groups with an operator domain isomorphie to ©. The proof of the main theorem follows immediately from the results of § 2 and the class field theory äs will be shown in § 3. § 4 deals with the unit group of the absolute class field L. Finally some numerical examples will be given in § 5. The author wishes to express hie cordial thanks to Profs. S. lyanaga, Y. Kawada, and T. Tamagawa for their kind advices and encouragement. He expresses his hearty gratitude also to Prof. T. Tannaka who read the original manuscript carefully and pointed out an error.


This research presents an approach to analyze the shape sensitivity of underwater revolution body for optimization design, and focus on the hydrodynamic performance of the resistance reduced shape (Parsons and Goodson, 1974). The revolution body is generated and represented by analytical functions with six design variables (LIU, 2010). A sixdimensional design space for the body geometry is constituted by the six bounded variables. Orthogonal Experiment Method (OEM) is used to generate random and uniformly distributed samples of the variable set in the space, which can track the geometric characteristics globally. External flow fields around the hull and resistance components are predicted numerically for all samples using commercial CFD software ANSYS-Fluent with the aid of the grid generation software ICEM CFD as pre-process (Percival and Hendrix, 2001). Radical Basis Function (RBF) neural networks is applied to model an approximate functional relationship between design variables and resistance. Subsequently, three couples of typical shape are chosen from those samples to study the local geometric characteristics and the associated flow field features (Szelangiewicz and Abramowski, 2009). By contrasting the geometric characteristic (slope and curvature) of revolution body's generatrix and flow field around the body, we can find that the pressure distribution is closely related to the curvature. The purpose of this study is to find benefit directions of design space for global resistance minimization, and local geometric variation for local shape optimization. The conclusion can help to decrease the exploration workload of global optimization significantly and work for targeted local shape optimization.


One eye in each of 12 female pigmented rabbits was irradiated with UVB while wearing an EqualensR I rigid gas‐permeable contact lens. The other eye served as a control. The irradiance level was 625 μ W cm ‐2 (285‐315 nm total band pass) with exposure times up to 2364s. Eyes evaluated 24 h and 48 h after exposure by biomicroscopy and pachometry, and later by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The contact lens was found to protect the central cornea from radiant exposures up to 60 times threshold. The exposed areas of cornea showed characteristic ultraviolet damage with an arc of demarcation indicating the position of the lens. With time the area formed a ridge of damaged cells (confirmed by SEM). At radiant exposure over 0.75 J cm ‐2 some oedema was seen in the 'protected' region, apparently by extension rather than as a direct effect. These findings suggest that in the human being exposed to ultraviolet radiation this ultraviolet‐obsorbing RPG lens would permit nasal and temporal photoketatitis with sparing of the central cornea and provide some protection of more posterior ocular structures.


This research aims to show what kinds of figurative language are found in the poems anthology Anthers and Stars by Kraei. And describe the masculinity found from the explanation of figurative language. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The writer uses theory of masculinity by Connell and Messerschimdt (2005). The subject of this research 2 chapters Anthers and Stars  is the poetry anthology The Great Fairy Ritual by Kraei 2019. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive techniques that produce descriptive data presentations in the form of sentences or words contained in the anthers and stars. the way of data collection is done by reading technique and note-taking technique. The results of this study indicate the use of figurative language, namely: metaphor, hyperbole, synecdoche, paradox, symbol, simile. figurative language found to be associated with toxic masculinity. In his poems, the characters are being described by their assigned sex and how the society perceived them with stigmas that highly attached with themselves. By using figurative language, writer found to describe and address this issue of masculinity in the poem.


The isoscalar levels with 1 = 0+ of the 12C nucleus have been investigated by finite-group theoretical methods using an a-particle model. An estimate has been made of the restoring force parameter in the potential between two a particles from symmetry.


In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been growing rapidly because of their ability to sense data, communicate wirelessly, and compute data efficiently. These networks contain small and low-powered sensor nodes that organize and configure themselves to carry out their functions. Even though WSNs are cheap, easy to deploy, flexible, and efficient, there are some challenges in terms of energy efficiency and network lifetime. Clustering in WSNs is the most reliable solution for the challenges, in which nodes are grouped into few clusters, and a cluster head (CH) is selected for data aggregation and data transfer to the base station (BS). However, there are still many challenges such as energy hole and isolated node problems that exist because of inefficient CH selection and cluster formation methods. In this work, we comprehensively reviewed various nonmetaheuristic and metaheuristic methods for CH selection and cluster formation that are used in networks from various environmental settings, for a better understanding of how the aforementioned problems are tackled by some authors. Moreover, the methods' parameter settings, advantages, limitations, and future directions are presented with a brief performance summary of the approaches.


The presence of the CD5 (67 kDa) molecule on the surface of B cells has been considered a marker for cells producing auto‐and polyreactive antibodies. Cord blood B lymphocytes (rich in CD5+ B cells) have been sorted into CD5 positive and negative populations by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to CD20 and CD5. Clones of these populations were obtained by immortalization mill Epstein Barr virus. Clones derived from both CD5+ and CD5− B cells produced IGM which was auto‐ and polyreactive with a higher frequency of these specificities in the CD5+ population. These data indicate Ihm expression of surface CD5 on cord blood B cells Is not a definitive marker of an auto/polyreactive population.


By adopting the spatial analysis method of GIS,it extracted the information of Jinghe River,such as the direction of flow and the boundary of river basin by the hydrology model of ArcGIS to overcome the weak of automatic extraction in wide waters,using the method of automatic extraction combine with artificial. From the angle of the relationship between drainage density with the threshold value,it determined the threshold value,avoiding the randomness of threshold setting in the past. The study shows that the overall effect is better,low cost and greatly improves the water system automatization level of feature extraction.


As new bio-based epoxy resin systems, glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE) and sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) were cured with tannic acid (TA) at various conditions. When the curing conditions were optimized for the improvement of thermal and mechanical properties, the most balanced properties were obtained for the GPE/TA and SPE/TA cured at 160 °C for 2–3 h at the epoxy/hydroxyl ratio of 1/1. The cured SPE/TA had a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and tensile strength than the cured GPE/TA. Next, biocomposites of GPE/TA and SPE/TA with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared by mixing aqueous solution of the epoxy/curing reagent with MFC, and subsequent drying and curing at the optimized condition. For both the GPE/TA/MFC and SPE/TA/MFC biocomposites, Tg and the storage modulus at rubbery plateau region increased with increasing MFC content over the studied range of 3–15 wt %. The tensile strength at 25 °C for GPE/TA/MFC biocomposite with MFC content 10 wt % was 76% higher than that of control GPE/TA, while the tensile modulus was little improved. On the other hand, the tensile strength and modulus of SPE/TA/MFC biocomposite with MFC content 10 wt % were 30 and 55% higher than those of control SPE/TA, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 425–433, 2010


Introduction: Spinal deformities (scoliosis, kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis) in children under 10 years of age result from congenital, neuromuscular and idiopathic etiologies. The progression of the deformity is affected by its nature, location and age of onset. Spinal arthrodesis is the procedure of choice in patients with progressive deformities. The use of instrumentation facilitates curve correction and arthrodesis rates. Pediatric spinal surgery is technically demanding, and is still considered controversial. The advent of reduced size spinal instrumentation allowed surgeons to expand their use to pediatric patients. The use of spinal instrumentation in children with various spinal deformities has not been well documented. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of spinal arthrodesis in young patients with progressive spinal deformities. Patients and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and radiographs of 25 patients younger than 10 years of age who underwent corrective surgery for various spinal deformities. Radiographic outcome, fusion rates and complication were compared between instrumented and non instrumented patients. Results: At two years of follow up instrumented corrective procedures resulted in superior correction compared to non-instrumented patients and in solid arthrodesis in all. Complications were infrequent. Conclusions: The use of reduced size spinal instrumentation in young patients with progressive spinal deformities is safe and effective. Curve correction, length of bracing and fusion rates are all in favour of instrumentation, wile complication rates are acceptable. The use of spinal instrumentation in young patients requires expertise and patience.


We previously reported a genetic association between the 3.5 kb (F) Taq I restriction fragment length polymorphism allele of the apolipoprotein CII gene on chromosome 19 and familial Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report an additional analysis of this association performed on an expanded and better defined data set of 23 families with familial Alzheimer's disease. The F allele frequency in affected family members in the expanded set was 0.62 ± 0.06 (mean ± standard error, n = 51 subjects), which differed significantly from a frequency of 0.39 ± 0.02 (n = 226) for unrelated control subjects (Z = 3.75, p < 0.0002). These results are consistent with our previous findings and suggest an association between the F allele of apolipoprotein CII and familial Alzheimer's disease. When the apolipoprotein CII locus was tested for linkage to familial Alzheimer's disease, LOD scores summed for the complete group of families were negative and close linkage was excluded. Close linkage was also excluded for early‐onset families (mean onset age ≤ 60 years), but small positive LOD scores were obtained for late‐onset kindreds.


In freshwater fish, linked ion and acid-base fluxes across the gills are dynamically manipulated to regulate internal acid-base status in the face of environmental challenges. Relevant theory, methodology, and a synthesis of current ideas are presented, based on experiments with hypercapnia, low pH, acid and base infusion, temperature change, enforced exercise, toxicants, and other challenges. Hyperoxia may be the most useful of these treatments, for it is devoid of confounding factors caused by other probes-high water [H⁺], catecholamine mobilization, and metabolic rate changes. In rainbow trout, hyperoxia (inspired Po2[Pio2] > 500 Torr) induces a pure respiratory acidosis that is fully compensated over 72 h by net acid excretion, more than 90% of which occurs via the gills. Return to normoxia induces a pure metabolic alkalosis that is more rapidly compensated by branchial acid uptake (= base excretion). Use of this protocol has demonstrated that (1) respiratory acidosis is largely compensated by adjustments of Cl⁻ versus base exchange, while both Cl⁻ versus base and Na⁺ versus acid exchanges contribute during metabolic alkalosis; (2) these dynamic adjustments in Na⁺ and Cl⁻ influx are achieved by complex changes in both substrate afinity and maximum transport capacity (Jmax); Na⁺ and Cl⁻ afinities appear to be maximal under control conditions and can only be decreased, but Jmax values can be either increased or decreased depending on the internal acid-base status; (3) differential diffusive efflux of Na⁺ relative to Cl⁻ provides an additional mechanism of net acid flux during alkalosis; (4) large decreases in branchial intracellular fluid volume, Na⁺, and Cl⁻ levels occur during respiratory acidosis and are corrected during normoxic recovery; (5) mean gill intracellular pH remains extremely stable. The importance of the internal acid-base status of the transport cells, and a possible regulatory role for extracellular pH, are discussed.


The author of this article, a gynecologist, argues that medicine and especially gynecology are by their nature intrusive and do violence to the sex and sexuality of the patient. Although gynecologists believe their daily practice to be devoid of aggressiveness, their words and gestures are actually filled with aggression against the modesty and physical intimacy of the woman and the couple. Gynecological consultation for contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, sterility, or pregnancy all concern some aspect of sex. It is a truism to say that the practitioner should be comfortable with his own sexuality before considering that of another person, but it is difficult to listen without judging or advise without moralizing. The words of the practitioner if not carefully chosen can do permanent damage to the patient. The resurgence of sexually transmitted diseases creates a favorable climate for latent aggressiveness against patients. It is necessary for gynecologists and other physicians to be aware of the impact of their own attitudes and words and to be sensitive to the feelings of the patient.


This paper summarizes the main empirical findings on the determinants of individual attitudes toward governmental redistribution of income. Using data from national and international surveys, recent studies have shown that traditional pecuniary incentives are just one and not always the strongest factor that shapes individual preferences for redistribution. Altruism, status seeking, and beliefs in the fairness of market outcomes constitute additional forces shaping preferences. The current paper also provides a novel investigation of the German case, based on survey data collected in 1992 and 1999. Our empirical analysis reveals that governmental redistribution of income has lost substantial support during that period. People in the eastern part of Germany are more prone to support redistribution than their westgerman counterparts; however, their attitudes seem to be converging toward those of westgerman citizens.


'Smart manufacturing' is said to squeeze more profit from a process plant without heavy capital investment. Charles Butcher reports on how refiner BP Oil plans to take advantage of modern computer-based management and production


This paper aims to present an approach which automates estimations on switching topologies in electronic circuits trough generalized nets. It represents basic two-terminal electronic components in a common manner. Closed loops are determined alternatively according to opened and closed semiconductor switches. Examples on applying this technique are given for functioning of buck and boost converters.This paper aims to present an approach which automates estimations on switching topologies in electronic circuits trough generalized nets. It represents basic two-terminal electronic components in a common manner. Closed loops are determined alternatively according to opened and closed semiconductor switches. Examples on applying this technique are given for functioning of buck and boost converters.


Abstract. Due to the effects of rugged terrain and vegetation cover, improving the locating and monitoring accuracy of time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (TS-InSAR) in detecting the development of landslides in mountainous and valley areas has become a problem that needs to be solved. Our study uses the ground local incident angle (GLIA) to locate noneffective monitoring areas that are affected by steep terrain as well as to improve the locating accuracy of TS-InSAR technology in the effective coverage area. At the same time, the improved small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) method is used to improve the density of interferometer targets as well as to solve the problem of insufficient permanent scatterers due to the effects of vegetation coverage. A geometric model of GLIA was established. Ascending and descending synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) were used for calculating the value of GLIA. The relationships of the GLIA and the interference characteristics of InSAR data were analyzed, and the locations of noneffective areas were determined. Finally, 19 ascending pass SAR data scenes acquired by the ALOS-1 satellite were processed through using the improved SBAS-InSAR method, and the detailed time series moving displacement information from 2007 to 2011 was mapped in Wudongde hydropower reservoir. Furthermore, the potentially moving landslide areas and landslide hazard areas were located in the effective interference areas. The active Jinpingzi landslide was investigated in detail, and the single-point monitoring results of SBAS-InSAR were compared with the electronic total station (ETS) measurement results. The conclusion shows that the monitoring results of SBAS-InSAR were in agreement with the ground field survey and the single-point ETS monitoring, and the applicability of the model and algorithm proposed was proved. Our study provides a reference for the early identification and high-precision monitoring of landslides in mountainous and valley areas.


A method of fraud detection is disclosed. The method includes determining that a first agent at a first workstation of a contact center is not on a call at a first time. The contact center includes a plurality of workstations attended to by a plurality of agents. The method includes determining that the first agent is accessing a client based resource at the first time, wherein the resource is associated with a client. The method includes collecting electronic evidence of the first workstation.


Most of kitchen fires are caused by plant oil burning due to improper operations of cooking.It is difficult to put these fire out because plant oil has a comparatively higher flash and burning point and recurring of fire.This paper focuses on some problems that are needed to deal with based on the components of the kitchen automatic fire prevention equipment,its working principle.


An analysis of Hegel's "philosophy of History" and its value orientation reveals that one of the most typical features of Hegelian theory is the integration of outlook on the world and the concept of values. It further proves that the study of values theory cannot be isolated from the study of the outlook on the world.


In her admirably fresh and thorough John Keats, Miss Amy Lowell writes: The third, and final, stanza of the Ode on Melancholy is an almost angry denial of the attitude taken in stanzas three and five of the Grecian Urn. This positive answer to the stand taken in these stanzas of the Grecian Urn seems so evidently intentional that it is largely upon it that I base my belief in the priority of that poem.'


Introduction: Patients with Rheumatic mitral valve disease with mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, or a combination of both can have enlargement of the left atrium (LA) with atrial fibrillation, hemodynamic complications and even atrial thrombus formation in LA. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the management of dilated LA based on its size. Materials and Methods: Patients who met Piccoli criteria, that is anteroposterior diameter of left atrium of over 65 mm on echocardiography with mitral valve disease of rheumatic etiology were divided into 2 groups prospectively : 37 patients underwent LA plication (group 1) and 46 patients without LA plication (group 2). Pre operative and postoperative functional and hemodynamic parameters data was collected of both the groups. Mean follow-up period was 10.33 months. Mean left atrial diameter was 8.77 +/1.62 cms preoperatively and 6.05 +/1.21 cm postoperatively in group 1. In group 2, the mean values were 7.88 +/0.81 and 6.28 +/1.14 cms respectively. Postoperatively patients were followed up with echocardiography and ECG to see for conversion to sinus rhythm Results: Postoperatively no differences were observed in ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter between the 2 groups. The postoperative decreases in pulmonary arterial pressure and the left atrial plication were not significantly different. Aortic cross clamp time was significantly less in group 2. In group 1, 23 patients with LA size > 8 cms were in AF preoperatively of which 20 patients attained sinus rhythm. In group 2, 22 patients with LA size > 8 cms were in AF preoperatively of which 8 patients attained sinus rhythm (p <0.05), where as 8 patients out of 11 patients in group 2 with LA size of <8 cms attained normal sinus rhythm. In group 1, 30 patients with preoperatively LA size > 8 cms, 25 patients attained LA size <6.5 cms. In group 2, 22 patients with preoperatively LA size > 8 cms, 8 patients attained LA size <6.5 cms (p<0.05). There is no added advantage of left atrial plication if the left atrial diameter is below 8 cms


Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor (cid:1) (PILR (cid:1) ) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on both hema-topoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. Its binding to a cellular ligand, CD99, depends on the presence of sialylated O - linked glycans on CD99. Glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) binds to PILR (cid:1) and this association is involved in HSV-1 infection. Here, we found that the presence of sialylated O - glycans


The Demkolec demo IGCC unit has been in operation since early 1994. The first years of operation with this unit are being used for a demonstration programme. The main topic to be shown in the remaining year of the demonstration period is the availability of the unit. This paper gives an overview of the project status and achievements as at January 1997 and of some problems encountered.


Over the last decade several studies have focused on what have been called International New Ventures or Born Globals – firms that engage in significant international activity a short time after being established. Building on an empirical study of small firms in Norway and France, it was found that more than half of the exporting firms established since 1990 could be classified as Born Globals. This implies that the Born Global issue is not limited to just a few firms, it includes the majority of newly established exporting firms. Furthermore, in terms of global orientation, export strategy, competitive advantages and market situation – the newly established, highly‐involved exporters possess similar characteristics to the old global firms. Also, newly established low level involvement exporters resemble old low level involvement exporters. Examining the differences between newly established firms with high or low export involvement levels revealed that a decision maker's global orientation and market conditions (home and export markets) are important factors. Because this study found that a firm is either Born Global or "born as local", the relevance of internationalization process stage models, as described in previous research, came into question. A key implication is that the decisions made during the establishment process of the firm may be more important to future export development than expected, according to the internationalization process models. In many countries export development programs target the established firms in order to help them succeed in export markets. Alternatively, our findings recommend that export assistance programs place their focus on newly established highly‐involved exporters.


In previous papers from this laboratory an unidentified growth substance for Phycomyces widely distributed in products of natural origin was described as factor Z1.1 Guanine was found to have the same effect as factor Z1, but was not considered to be identical with it because the activity of the former was destroyed by treatment with nitrous acid while that of the latter was unaffected. Xanthine, as might be anticipated from the effect of nitrous acid on the activity of guanine, was found to be inactive. Choline, adenine, thymine, uracil and cytosine also were ineffective.2 Further experiments have been carried out in an attempt to identify factor Z1. The procedure followed was that described in the previous paper.2 The growth of Phycomyces during a period of 72 hours at 26°C. was observed in 25 ml. of a basal mineral-dextrose solution containing asparagine and thiamine to which the various compounds or preparations tested for factor Z1 activity were added alone and in combination with a DR fraction' prepared from white potato tubers. We have used also the 48-hour development in 10 ml. of solution, a modification which economizes time and material. The following were tested for factor ZA activity: monomethyl guanosine, monoacetone guanosine, guanosine picrate, guanylic acid, sodium guanylate, isoguanine sulfate, sodium inosine, hypoxanthine, vicine, divicine sulfate, barium inosinate and 2-amino uric acid (all obtained through the courtesy of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research), hypoxanthine (prepared in our laboratory by treating adenine with nitrous acid), a concentrate of folic acid supplied by R. J. Williams and one obtained from W. H. Peterson, uric acid, amygdalin, allantoin, theobromine, theophyllin, theocin,4 adenine, guanine and xanthine. Guanine and both samples of hypoxanthine were active and their activity on an equimolecular basis was approximately the same (table 1). None of the other compounds or the two concentrates of folic acid was


Orthogonal Cross Cylinder mapping and segmentation based modeling methods have been implemented for constructing the image-based navigation system in this paper. The Orthogonal Cross Cylinder (OCC) is the object expressed by the intersection area that occurs when a cylinder is orthogonal with another. OCC mapping method eliminates the singularity effect caused in the environment maps and shows an almost even amount of area for the environment occupied by a single texel. A full-view image from a fixed point-of-view can be obtained with OCC mapping although it becomes difficult to express another image when the point-of-view has been changed. The OCC map is segmented according to the objects that form the environment and the depth value is set by the characteristics of the classified objects for the segmentation based modeling. This method can easily be implemented on an environment map and makes the environment modeling easier through extracting the depth value by the image segmentation. An environment navigation system with a full-view can be developed with these methods.


The article considers the international experience of social support systems for handicapped people. The author presents innovational approach to the problem of scientific substantiation of methods of social work with families bringing up autistic children.


The theme of this seminar is Human Rights Movement in India and Challenges before National Security; and I have been asked, obviously for being an anthropologist, to speak, specifically, about human rights vis-a-vis tribal situation in India with reference to national security. At the very out set, I would like to comment on the very concept of human rights, which is basically a western concept. It is everybody's knowledge that the exponents or the protagonists of human rights seek the history of the concept in the thoughts of the Greek and the Roman philosophers; and that, according to them, its seeds could also be found in the writings of medieval European philosophers, therefore, without any reservation the modern concept of human rights is considered a 'western' concept, based upon the 'values' of western culture and societies that promotes excessive individualism. We must remember that in the sociological and anthropological sense, 'values' of one society differ from another. What is considered right and good in one society may be considered wrong and bad in another. Under such circumstance, a question arises, whether there could be 'universal value' that could be unanimously accepted by all sections of world society; and accordingly, could there be 'Universal Human Rights Standards'? Over sixty-four years have passed since the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (precisely, on December 10, 1948). No doubt, this was a great land mark in human history. However, the debate still continues over the degree to which the Declaration and subsequent UN human right conventions are universal or simply 'impositions of western culture.'


The flow structure and local heat transfer characteristics of two-dimensional slot jets impinging on heated protrusions has been investigated. The spent air was constrained to exit at one end of the channel, forming a crossflow. The effects of three parameters on the heat transfer were examined for an array of five protruding heat sources. They include the jet slot width, distance between the jet exit and the protrusion, and the average jet Reynolds number. Laser-Doppler velocimeter measurements were made to detail the mean and turbulent flow structure in the channel. Experimental results reveal that the flow and heat transfer are dominated by turbulent transport even for Reynolds numbers as low as 300. Two transport mechanisms were identified affecting the heat transfer. The first was jet impingement, the second being crossflow of the spent air. A complex interaction between the two mechanisms was observed. At low nozzle-protrusion spacing with large slot jets the heat transfer was dominated by the crossflow, whereas for high nozzle-protrusion spacing and small jets, transport was dominated by jet impingement. It is postulated that the highest average Nusselt number occurs when the jets and the crossflow influence act with near-equal intensity.


Enlargement in the ranges of variations in morphometric features of Clianda noma (Ham.) and Chanda ranga (Ham.) from Banda (U.P.) is recorded and compared with the earlier descriptions. In the present study 'noma' is retained under genus Chanda instead of HamUtonia, as proposed by Brunner (1954), on the basis of differences noticed in the key characters. Bionomical notes on the two species are also added.


ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel design approach for microwave tunable balanced phase shifters with the common-mode (CM) suppression is proposed based on the liquid crystal (LC) technology. The proposed tunable balanced liquid crystal phase shifter (LCPS) is designed by the LC-based microstrip differential line with periodical T-shaped stubs, which supports the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) mode. Thanks to the slow-wave characteristic induced by the SSPP mode, both tunable phase shifts and figure of merit (FoM) of the balanced LCPS are effectively enhanced. In addition, the defected ground structure based on slotted dumbbell-shaped resonators is also employed in this design and the CM suppression is integrated into tunable balanced phase shifters for the first time. Finally, the corresponding prototype is fabricated and tested to verify the above theoretical analysis. The measured results demonstrate that this proposed tunable balanced LCPS can simultaneously achieve tunable phase shifts with FoM of more than 12.4°/dB and the CM noise suppression of more than 17 dB attenuation from 2.5 to 5.5 GHz. Graphical abstract


The possibility of strong coupling is investigated for the Pomeranchuk pole problem, corresponding to substantial modifications of the trajectory and the residue of this pole under the influence of branch points. It is shown that owing to the non-Hermitian character of the interaction of reggeons this possibility is not self-consistent, and apparently weak coupling is realized, i.e., the coupling constants of the reggeons vanish after renormalization (cf. [4 J ). For a Hermitian interaction we have determined the form of the reggeon Green's functions, as well as their analyticity properties and asymptotic behavior. Hermitian strong-coupling problems are encountered in the physics of condensed states, when the scattering amplitudes (Green's functions) have closely spaced singularities for small momenta, and the expansion parameter of perturbation theory tends to infinity {phase transitions, etc.). Our investigation may turn out to be useful for the consideration of such problems.


Objective To study the employment attitude of nurse students,and to analyze the relationship between gender and the attitude of employment.Methods A total of 175 nurse students who had practiced clinically for more than one month were investigated by using a self-designed questionnaire in terms of the attitude toward the future of employment,the purpose of employment,the way of employment,the orientation of employment ect.Results 79.5% male nurse students were convinced of a bright future of the employment,while 64.5% female nurse students were not so optimistic.Totally,59.1% male nurse students believed that personal competency determined successful employment;91.3% male undergraduate nurse students and 85.7% male students from junior colleges chose to work in the best hospitals;34.7% female undergraduate nurse students and 33.3% female nurse students from junior colleges chose to work in lower level hospitals;58.5% male nurse students would do nursing job after graduation,while 75.2% female nurse students would like to devote themselves to the nursing career.Totally 47.7% male nurse students vs 2.8% female nurse students thought of changing jobs.As for the orientation of employment,both male and female nurse student had the same consideration about what to consider first for an employment(P0.05),and they had signiticantly different views about other items(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion Gender is closely related to nurse students' attitude of employment.Effective measures should be taken to cultivate the correct employment attitude of nurse students according to the gender.


To the Editor: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an important treatment for hematologic disease. High-intensity preconditioning in allo-HSCT patients signi fi cantly increases the risk of severe infection, which is an important cause of early transplant-related death. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) infusion can promote hematopoiesis, accelerate reconstruction of the immune system, reduce the duration of febrile neutropenia (FN), and decrease the incidence of infections. In addition, the increased risk of infection is thought to be partly due to hypogammaglo-bulinemia after HSCT. Therefore, some centers argue that prophylactic administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) after HSCT is the standard of care. In 2008, Department of


In this mini-review, some of the key problems of motor control are discussed. In order to control movements, there must be synergies between elements of the motor system, which constrain the number of active degrees of freedom (df's). Limb coordination patterns are examples of such synergies. As there still is a large gap between functional morphology and motor control, a phenomenological approach is advocated as an alternative angle on the problem. In such an approach observed coordination patterns are studied rather than their biological substrate. Studies by von Holst have demonstrated the remarkable flexibility of coordination in the lipfish Labrus festivus and the centipede Lithobius forjicatus. In humans, limb coordination is attracted to either the in-phase or the anti-phase mode. Furthermore, at a critical movement frequency phase transitions are observed from the anti-phase to the in-phase mode. These phase transitions, as well as the generation of rhythmical limb movements themselves, were modeled using concepts from the field of synergetics, the theory of self-organization in complex systems. This model provides a consistent view of the characteristics of rhythmical limb movements and their coordination, while dramatically reducing the number of df's to be controlled. The use of the model is illustrated with a study of the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease.