Abstract : Studies were designed to characterize soil physicochemical parameters that can affect the toxicities of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) or hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to Eisenia fetida earthworms and also to generate ecotoxicological benchmarks for development of ecological soil screening levels (Eco-SSLs) for ecological risk assessments of contaminated soils. Soils with varied physicochemical properties were tested, including Teller sandy loam (TSL), Sassafras sandy loam (SSL), Richfield clay loam (RCL), Kirkland clay loam (KCL), and Webster clay loam (WCL). Reproduction toxicity of TNT to E. fetida in freshly amended soils was in the order (greatest to least) of TSL SSL = KCL = RCL WCL. Weathering-and-aging of TNT in SSL, KCL, RCL, and WCL soils increased the toxicity to E. fetida compared with corresponding freshly amended treatments. Reproduction toxicity of RDX weathered-and-aged (W-A) in soil was comparable with that of TNT W-A in TSL, SSL, RCL, and WCL soils. No clear relationships were identified between TNT or RDX toxicities and the soil organic matter or clay contents or the pH levels. Toxicity benchmarks established utilizing TSL and SSL will be submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Eco-SSL Workgroup for developing soil invertebrate-based Eco-SSLs for TNT and RDX.


This paper summarizes the main results obtained during the development of an Enhanced Precise Point Positioning (EPPP) Global Navigation Satellite Systems multifrequency user algorithm. The main innovations include the application of precise ionospheric corrections to facilitate the resolution of undifferenced carrier phase ambiguities, ambiguity validation, and integrity monitoring. The performance of the EPPP algorithm in terms of accuracy, convergence time, and integrity is demonstrated with actual GPS and simulated Galileo data. This can be achieved with very limited bandwidth requirements for EPPP users (less than 300 b/s for dual-frequency GPS data).


The great increase in work on the lexicon by computational and theoretical linguists throughout the s has concerned itself almost exclusively with monolingual lexicons Meanwhile applied work on multilingual lexicons mostly for machine translation MT has employed monolingual lexicons linked only at the level of semantics In this paper we argue that the traditional MT lexicon architecture while arguably adequate for unrelated languages makes it impossible to capture important generalisations about related languages These generalisations if captured can help to produce more robust multilingual natural language processing NLP systems for such languages We discuss the types of relation we nd in Dutch English and German and describe a hierarchical lexicon structure which permits sharing of information across any level of lexical representation illustrating it with examples from English and German


To examine possible adaptive mechanisms involved in the maintenance of glomerular filtration and sodium balance in glomerulonephritis, an in situ perfused kidney was compared in 7 normal mongrels (N) and in 6 mongrels 2 to 4 months following the production of mild anti glomerular basement membrane nephritis (GN). The left kidney was perfused via a carotid-renal artery pump at systemic pressure levels and then at an elevated pressure. The average mean systemic pressure was higher in GN (140 mm Hg) than in N (121 mm Hg). Filtration rates (GFR) and renal plasma flows (RPF) were similar, averaging 17.3 and 88 ml/min in GN and 18.6 and 70.3 ml/min in N. When perfusion pressure was elevated to 195 mm Hg mean sodium excretion more than doubled in GN and in N while GFR and RPF decreased by 30% in GN and remained constant in N. The data demonstrate that pressure natriuresis occurs in GN as well as in N and that the GN kidney responds to increased perfusion pressure with exaggerated vasoconstriction as compared to N which autoregulates. The excessive vasoconstrictor response of the GN kidney may be revealing an adaptive vaso-dilatation which occurs as a mechanism for the maintenance of renal perfusion and sodium homeostasis.


A fast method for determining molecular mass using mass spectrometry has the following steps: specifying a first adjusting value (M1) of the mass spectrometer, recording the associated signal amplitude (A1), specifying a second adjusting value (M2) which is different to the first, measuring the associated second signal amplitude (A2), specifying a third adjusting value (M3) which is different to the first (M1) and the second (M2) adjusting value, measuring the associated third signal amplitude (A3), determining a quadratic function containing the measured amplitude values as y-values and the specified adjusting values as x-values, determining the maximum of the quadratic function, wherein the searched adjusting value is determined from the x-value of the maximum.


The petrochemicals industry has altered immensely over the last century, but there remain certain constants. Shell is one of them.


Prior to the introduction of broadspectrum antibiotics, Rocky Mountain spotted fever was a devastating disease. Subsequently, the mortality has dropped from 20% 1-3 to approximately 5%, 2,4 and the illness is frequently considered to be benign if appropriately treated. The fact that the generalized vasculitis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever can be life-threatening in spite of prompt therapy with chloramphenicol or one of the tetracyclines is not always recognized. The following cases illustrate the complications of this vascular damage and emphasize the importance of appropriate management and therapy based upon an understanding of the pathophysiologic derangements. Patient Summaries Patient 1. —A 35-year-old white man was hospitalized in June 1967 with a four-day illness characterized by chills, photophobia, headache, lassitude, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. A history of tick bites during a recent vacation on an Oklahoma farm was elicited. On admission he had a temperature of 105 F (40.6 C) and


Awareness of social responsibility of Confucian school is one of the most important ethics,whose origin is Chinese philosophy of the "union of man and nature".The concept of "being responsible to the society" implicates the idea of "working for the peace of social".We should take over the traditional idea to construct the core value of socialism on the one hand,and notice the limitation of the philosophy as well,so that we may push the transformation of modern citizen awareness.


Respiratory defficient mutants from Saccharomyess cerevisiae were induced by nystatin and by amphotericin B. The highest yield of mutants was obtained at the concentration of 2.7 x 10-6M for nystatin and 3.1 x 10-7M for amphotericin B. It was found out that there is a relationship between the concentration of the inducing compounds and the number of cells per ml, in regard to the yield of mutants obtained. The proper mutagenic concentrations of the inducing compounds were in the range between the lethal dosis and the ones which cause no appreciable effect in the cells.


Rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with Borna disease virus exhibit multifocal inflammatory lesions in the peripapillary pigment epithelium of the retina. Apart from the mild intermediate uveal in


Osler reports on his experience in Germany. He has written Bastian encouraging him to come visit. He hopes McGill will arrange
 for himself and for Mills to live at the College. He envies the high salaries earned by German doctors. Arrangements for
 the upcoming meeting of the Canadian Medical Association in Montreal.


The author proposed a new approach to the division into periods of residential real estate market a comprehensive typology of markets on the propensity to the formation of price bubbles. As a result of many years of statistical monitoring, analysis and forecasting of real estate markets of different cities and regions of Russia showed signs that characterize the situation in the real estate market in terms of rate of change in real estate prices and incomes.


Playing football on synthetic programs and the creation of spaces for this purpose, has shown an increase in recent years in Colombia, becoming one of the best entertainment options for Colombians and a million dollar business to harvesters. Based on these realities develop a market study allowed us to demonstrate the weaknesses and opportunities in the sector, developing a business plan to create Centres of Expertise football five (5) "Xtratiempo" seeking to bring football to a new level, in where the customer is the focus of the company, capturing existing possibilities, in an environment of high returns for our investors


The automatical classification of mean monthly temperature fields of Russia was carried out. The data of 42 years in regular grid-points 5 x 10{degree} of Northern Hemisphere were used. The combination of land`s algorithm of K-averages was applied. The increasing of prevailing occurrence of warm types during last decades was discovered. It turned out that different regions had different dynamics of type occurrences.


Abstract The response of ship roll oscillation under random ice impulsive loads modeled by Poisson arrival process is very important in studying the safety of ships navigation in cold regions. Under both external and parametric random excitations the evolution of the probability density function of roll motion is evaluated using the path integral (PI) approach. The PI method relies on the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, which governs the response transition probability density functions at two close intervals of time. Once the response probability density function at an early close time is specified, its value at later close time can be evaluated. The PI method is first demonstrated via simple dynamical models and then applied for ship roll dynamics under random impulsive white noise excitation


INTRODUCTION
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common disorder in childhood with an uncertain evolution.

OBJECTIVES
Study of children's clinical evolution with suspected diagnosis of OSAS, which was carried out after two years of an overnight polisomnogram.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
73 children were studied. We evaluated if they had been operated and what type of surgery was performed, Brouillete Scale and subjective impressions. We have correlated: age, clinical evolution and surgery.

RESULTS
Age was inversely correlated with changes in Brouillete (r=-0.39, p=0.002), standing out that children that underwent surgery were younger (4.1 vs. 7.0 years, Student t: -4.22, p=0.00009). Without the influence of age, the difference between evolution in operated and not operated ones was not significative, statistically speaking, but it was if we analysed the different types of surgery by themselves (Snedecor F: 3.9, p=0.007), tonsillectomy was the larger.

CONCLUSION
The middle-term evolution in children with OSAS is good if we use the correct treatment.


Analyzed and discussed some factors of effects on the viscosity of the latex paint palette,and verified by testing,at last,put forward suggestions on improving the viscosity of the latex paint palette.


Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is promising to bring numerous benefits by advocating middleboxes' implementation in software on commodity servers. However, software packet processing on a commodity server has limited capacity and induces high latency, and many research efforts have been devoted to addressing the performance drawback of NFV. In this paper, we propose a new approach to facilitate NFV: exploring the locality in network traffic. Firstly, we explore the locality in network traffic and prove its existence through careful and detailed analysis of real-world network traffic traces. Secondly, we present two scenarios to improve the performance of NFV by leveraging locality in network traffic, and present the potential benefits achievable through our approach.


In order to study the dynamic performance with respect to a drum type washing machine, a detailed three dimensional dynamic model considering six degrees of freedom is established in the commercial software Adams. The characteristics of model are in good consistency with the simulation results on the movement of measure point in the x-z plane and eigen modes of the rigid body system. An automatic counterbalancing model of balls with different torsion damping coefficient is designed for vibration reduction. The parameters affecting the vibration are investigated by the approach of design of experiments which can reduce design cycle significantly. Its optimization results show a good performance compared to a washing machine model without balance balls attached.


The study focuses on the strategies used by adolescents with intellectual disabilities in solving addition and subtraction problems in the range 1 to 100. The epistemological basis for this investigation is radical constructivism. Data were collected through video-recorded clinical interviews and individual teaching experiments. The data analysis showed that counting strategies involving fingers, toes or gestures were frequently used by adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities, even though they were familiar with standard written algorithms. It suggests that a specific framework that incorporates the use of fingers, toes and gestures is needed for explaining these strategies.


This paper examines the impact of line of business reporting, first required by the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1971, on the financial community in general and on the securities markets in particular. The capital asset pricing model is used to assess the effect of this disclosure requirement on the securities markets. Although the conclusions of this study are intended to evaluate required line of business reporting, the study also serves as a focal point to examine the important problem concerning the usefulness of the rapid increase in required disclosure by government regulatory agencies.


Drought is Africa's most prevalent natural disaster and is becoming an increasingly common source of income shocks around the world. This paper presents new evidence from Africa that droughts are an important component of long run variation in health human capital. I use Census data to estimate the effects of early childhood exposure to drought on later-life disabilities among South Africans confined to homelands during apartheid. By exploiting almost forty years of quasi-random variation in local droughts experienced by different cohorts in different districts, I find that drought exposure in infancy raises later-life disability rates by 3.5 to 5.2%, with effects concentrated in physical and mental disabilities, and largest for males. An exploration of spatial heterogeneity in drought effects suggests that limits to mobility imposed on homelands may have contributed to these negative effects. My findings are relevant for low-income settings where households have limited access to formal and informal coping mechanisms and face high costs of avoiding droughts through migration.


The concealed reinforcement of CFRP sheets for bending members of timber-framed ancient buildings has unique advantages. The mechanical simulation of reinforced timber beams through finite element methods, combined with Monte Carlo models, calculates and analyses the sensitivity of the main influencing factors of reinforced beams in ancient buildings, and explores the influence of CFRP sheet length and reinforcement location on the mechanical properties of reinforced beams in bending. Through the digital simulation analysis, it helps to select a reasonable reinforcement design solution more efficiently, with a view to maximising the performance of ancient buildings and preserving valuable value information.


For the linear homogeneous differential system with oscillating coefficients the sufficient conditions of existence of linear transformation reducing this system to a block-diagonal form in a resonance case are obtained. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 34C20, 34C25.


ates Ptc from Smo (Figure 1B) is also generally enter-Department of Biological Sciences tained (Chen and Struhl, 1996) because it is counteredColumbia University only by a single observation of Ptc-mediated binding ofNew York, New York 10027 Hh to Smo in tissue culture cells that expressed highlevels of both vertebrate Ptc and Smo (Stone et al.,1996). Some new data support the idea that active SmoproteinisnotinacomplexwithPtcfollowingHhstimula-Members of the Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted sig-tion (Figure 1B) and can even be interpreted to suggestnaling molecules direct anenormous variety of develop-that Ptc can repress Smo activity without directly con-mental events in vertebrates and in


Little is known about the labor market impacts of workers' remittances, despite their magnitude in countries with considerable outmigration. Reports that families receiving international remittances severely curtail their work efforts are fairly common in the popular press (e.g., Robert Frank, 2001). Yet, we lack rigorous analyses of how male and female labor supplies respond to increases in remittance income to either support or refute these anecdotal observations. According to the neoclassical model of labor-leisure choice (Mark R. Killingsworth, 1983), remittances—a source of nonlabor income—may lift budget constraints, raise reservation wages, and, through an income effect, reduce the employment likelihood and hours worked by remittance-receiving individuals. The receipt of remittances is usually preceded by the out-migration of working-aged household members, however, which may induce changes in the labor supply of nonmigrating household members in order to compensate for forgone income or to defray migration-related expenses. Distinguishing the disruptive effect from the income effect of remittance inflows is problematic, as most surveys do not contain detailed information on household outmigration and remittance receipt. To the extent that these two effects are expected to have opposite impacts on labor supply, however, we can assess which effect dominates. The impact of remittances on the decision to work has been previously examined by Edgard Rodriguez and Erwin R. Tiongson (2001) in Manila and by Edward Funkhouser (1992) in Managua. Without accounting for the endogeneity of remittances with respect to labor supply, they conclude that remittances reduce employment. Funkhouser also finds that remittances slightly increase self-employment. While informative, these studies focus on the decision to work and do not consider that, without altering employment rates, remittances may change the hours worked and/or the type of work performed in the receiving economy. Furthermore, the impact may be different on male and female labor supplies and responsiveness to remittance income may vary from rural to urban areas. Using data from Mexico—a country with a large and growing remittance inflow—we address the following questions: How does the employment status and hours worked by men and women vary owing to international remittances? Do male and female labor supplies differ across various types of employment in rural versus urban areas due to higher remittance inflows?


Time-triggered communication is a favored design strategy for safety-critical systems. However, the startup of time-triggered systems is a significant concern, since the time-line from which fault-tolerance is supported must be established in segmented mediums, e.g. multi-hop networks. The startup problems are particularly challenging since clique formation, i.e. the establishment of disjoint time-triggered communication sets, may be systematically induced. This paper presents an alternative startup solution based upon a braided-ring architecture called BRAIN (braided ring availability integrity network). Segmentation-induced cliques are particularly prevalent in this architecture, since each node presents a potential medium break. The described strategy dramatically improves startup performance in relation to current approaches by leveraging the cooperative action of adjacent nodes during startup and high-integrity data propagation.


Traditional methods of mycobacterial identification relied on a battery of biochemical tests. Most of these tests were low resolution—yes or no, for example—and could be subjective. Chromatographic procedures have replaced these tests in many laboratories because of ease of implementation and greater objectivity in the interpretation of the results. Liquid chromatography (LC) of bacterial extracts has been demonstrated as a useful technique to separate the high molecular weight mycolic acids that are species specific. Multivariate analysis of the LC profiles can help the analyst distinguish among the different bacterial species. Tuberculosis is caused by one species of Mycobacteria—there are other species in this genus which are also human pathogens—thus reliable identification of species is critical. Method Mycobacterial extracts were analyzed by reversed phase LC using a C18 column, 7.5cm long by 4.6 mm diameter. A 10minute step gradient from 98% methanol in methylene chloride was run to a final solvent composition of 35% methanol 65% methylene chloride. Retention time variability is known to influence the outcome of multivariate analysis, therefore, the chromatograms were aligned using LineUpTM (Infometrix, Inc.) prior to further analysis. Chromatographic profiles were assembled into a database in the KnowItAll® Informatics System, then principal component analysis (PCA) was run with the AnalyzeItTM MVP package. Profiles were normalized by area % and meancentering was used in preprocessing. Because the solvent region is composed of peaks not representative of the mycolic acid contribution, it was excluded from the computations. Subsequent PCA analysis was focused on the region from 3.5 to 9 minutes. The PCA scores are shown in Figure 2 where clear distinctions among most of the species are evident. Adjacent to the scores plot is the legend for the plot symbols, which were colored by their species designation. M. tuberculosis (TB) is of course the most important among these organisms, so it is imperative that it be separable from other species. From the plot, it appears that there may be some overlap among TB and two other species with similar profiles: M. gordonae and M. kansasii. In fact, the overlap among these three species is not so large. Figure 1. Overlay of LC profiles from ten mycobacteria species. Figure 2. PCA scores of PC profiles of several strains of ten mycobacteria species. The red region of the overlap density (OD) heatmap indicates those portions of the chromatograms that are of greatest similarity. Although the overall similarity in the region of 7 to 8.5 minutes is significant, this plot indicates that it should be possible to discriminate among the species: the region of the heatmap in purple (unique features) covers a larger area of the common peaks than the region in red (common features). The profiles from these three species were transferred to KnowItAll's MineItTM application to make a separate hit list, then this list of profiles were transferred back to AnalyzeIt MVP in order to run a separate PCA. The same preprocessing parameters were used but a more narrow time range was specified—6.5 to 9 minutes—because the diagnostic peaks were in this limited retention time region. The scores from this analysis are shown below. From the analysis in Figure 4, it can be seen that M. tuberculosis samples are totally separated from those of similar profile, and the other two species are distinguishable as well. This separation is borne out by observation of the corresponding profiles, shown in the following figures. The color-by-species legend allows selecting just samples from a given species, and these can be shown as an overlap density heatmap or as the actual profiles. Conclusions This application note provides both a strategy and a procedure for extracting the information content from large, complex chromatography databases. If the data is aligned to remove retention time variation, principal component analysis is successful in organizing the data into natural groupings. Using an interactive graphical display of PCA scores provides a means to identify samples of interest, where the overlap density map can take over to highlight portions of the chromatogram that reflect similarities and differences.


Tip-less Electrospinning (TLES) process has been developed to produce polymer nanofibers with high throughput. And the ameliorated collector with parallel top-down configurations of two different materials in conventional electrospinning, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-glass, copper-glass and PET-silicon etc, can achieve patterned nanofibers to expand its future applications. In this paper such patterned collectors array with changed electric field around, are introduced to TLES to deposit large-scale patterned nanofibers. The experiment results show that patterned nanofibers can be collected along the gap between plastic plates in both plastic-glass and plastic-silicon configuration. To the copper-glass collector, nanofibers bridge over the gap and the nanofiber quantity density on the gap is much less than that on the copper. But the patterned effects in all configurations are relatively weaker than that from foremetioned spinning due to their much higher speed, more serious bending instability and repulsive interactions between as-spun nanofibers.


Council positions, you are expected to get something positively accomplished for this multi-fold discipline of ours without a sure sense of what is wanted or needed-let alone how to get from here to there. This is not to say that there is not a fine staff or other excellent council colleagues to work with (for there surely are and it is the wisdom not to mention the camaraderie of both groups that makes Council service such an enjoyable experience), but it is nevertheless puzzling if not presumptuous to act in the name of 15,000 members without any regular channels of consultation with those one supposedly represents. As departmental chairs, you represent what I would call-as a labor historian-the rank and file leadership of the academic profession and thus perhaps the most valuable constituency with which I as a Council member could interact. In short order this afternoon, I should like to lay before you one problem we have been trying to tackle on the Teaching Division (TD) and ask for your reactions. In response to the perceived crisis in public education, we set out two years ago to explore and highlight the intercon-


Background: Malnutrition is closely correlated with morbidity and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. To analyze the correlations between food intake and nutritional status, we perform a prospective study in a single hemodialysis center. Methods: In this study, 87 MHD patients were enrolled. 24-hr dietary recall of all patients was performed by a single dietician within 1 week. The dietary components, including carbohydrate, lipid and protein, were then analyzed. A mid-week fasting predialytic blood sampling and post-dialysis SGA and anthropometric evaluation of every patient were performed. Results: The mean age of subjects was 59.5±11.8 years, 58.7% of them were male. The average total energy intake was 26.7±6.6 Kcal/Kg/day, and protein ingestion was 1.0±0.3 g/Kg/day. The average dietary components of all 87 patients showed carbohydrate 51.8±10.0%, lipid 32.8±8.3%, and protein 15.6±2.9%. The prevalence of malnutrition (defined as SGA≤5) was 32.2%. The total energy and protein intake were higher in well-nourished patients, but not for carbohydrate or fat intake, than those of malnourished patients, p<0.01. Moreover, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was higher in malnourished patients. Among the anthropometric evaluations, only body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC) and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) were found to be significantly higher in well-nourished patients. Conclusions: Malnutrition is common in MHD patients. Well-nourished patients have much higher total energy and protein intake than malnourished patients. Acute inflammatory status is associated with malnutrition. Muscle mass measurements such as BMI, MAC and MAMC give better correlations with nutritional status than fat measurement.


Studies of the quasi-phase-matched harmonics generated in spatially modulated silver plasma are presented. We analyze the influence of the driving and heating pulse energies on the enhancement and spectral tuning of the quasi-phase-matched harmonics and show the tuning of those enhanced groups of harmonics by tilting the multislit mask placed in front of the ablated targets. Calculations performed in the laser-produced plasmas demonstrate the joint influence of the electrons that appeared during target ablation and tunnel ionization on the tuning of the quasi-phase-matching conditions in the plasmas.


Abstract The E5 proteins are short, hydrophobic transforming proteins encoded by many of the papillomaviruses. The 44 amino acid E5 protein of bovine papillomavirus efficiently transforms cultured fibroblasts and interacts with a variety of cellular proteins, Considerable evidence implicates the PDGF β receptor as an important mediator of the transforming activity of the BPV E5 protein in fibroblasts. Other potential targets of the BPV E5 protein include the EGF receptor, a subunit of the vacuolar H + -ATPase, and a protein related to α-adaptin. The E5 transforming proteins of the human papillomaviruses may interact with similar cellular targets in keratinocytes.


Traditional ethnomedical knowledge can be thought of as information that is necessary for survival and widely distributed throughout indigenous communities (Berlin and Berlin 1994; Garro 1986). It derives partially from direct experience with epidemiological and ecological realities, but it is also subject to cultural interpretations (Browner et al. 1988; Etkin 1988). Most important, traditional ethnomedical knowledge is put into practice through social cooperation (Barsh 1997). When I first began to study how medicinal plants are used in Tzeltal Maya communities of highland Chiapas, Mexico, my observations fit this description well. An elder man summed it up for me: "God made plants to cure every illness; it's our work to find them and give them to our families." I recorded many similar comments, and most people insisted that the medicinal plants that they use are crucial for saving lives, especially those of infants (Figure 4.1). But ethnomedical knowledge is usually not distributed homogeneously throughout populations (see, e.g., Barrett 1995; Casagrande 2002; Garro 1986). Throughout the highlands of Chiapas, the Tzeltal Maya share a complex pharmacopoeia involving hundreds of plant species (Berlin and Berlin 1996:80). Within individual communities, there is a handful of plant species that are known for their medicinal use by nearly everyone; there is a set of about 40 to 60 such plants that are less widely known; and then there are hundreds of species known by only a few people (Berlin and Berlin 1996:82–87; Casagrande 2002:41–55; Stepp 1998). People tend to share this idiosyncratic


Luminescence of porous coordination polymers (PCPs) or metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is sensitive to the type and concentration of chemical species in the surrounding environment, because these materials combine the advantages of the highly regular porous structures and various luminescence mechanisms, as well as diversified host‐guest interactions. In the past few years, luminescent MOFs have attracted more and more attention for chemical sensing of gas‐phase analytes, including common gases and vapors of solids/liquids. While liquid‐phase and gas‐phase luminescence sensing by MOFs share similar mechanisms such as host‐guest electron and/or energy transfer, exiplex formation, and guest‐perturbing of excited‐state energy level and radiation pathways, via various types of host‐guest interactions, gas‐phase sensing has its unique advantages and challenges, such as easy utilization of encapsulated guest luminophores and difficulty for accurate measurement of the intensity change. This review summarizes recent progresses by using luminescent MOFs as reusable sensing materials for detection of gases and vapors of solids/liquids especially for O2, highlighting various strategies for improving the sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and accuracy, reducing the materials cost, and developing related devices.


Agreement on minimum requirements for the issue and validity of driving permits (APC) (with annexes). Concluded at Geneva on 1 April 1975


Introduction: The current picture of the present-day martian surface presents a challenge to life [1]. Environmentally-informative mineralogy identified from orbital and in-situ exploration indicates that where water was present during recent times, condi-tions were largely saline, acidic and oxidizing [2]. The martian surface may only have been habitable during the Noachian to early Hesparian, where water was available before it was erased by the emergence of a cold, dry climate that persisted for ~3.5Ga [3]. Below the surface, however, aqueous environments on Mars may be elucidated from the detailed analysis of SNC meteorites; several of which record a magmatic source of water and the potential for young (early-mid Ama-zonian) subsurface hydrothermal activity that could stretch the envelope of martian habitability over both space and time [4-7]. The SNC meteorites represent a direct sampling of igneous processes on Mars, and they are some of the only detailed windows into the martian subsurface that scientists currently have. In recent years, the mineral-ogy of the SNC meteorites has expanded this insight to include subsurface hydrothermal activity on Mars. In particular, the volatile-bearing mineralogy of the Nakhlite and Chassignite meteorites, which includes apatite, amphibole, mica, and jarosite, have recorded both high-temperature and low-temperature interaction with a variety of fluid compositions, including those rich in water, chlorine, sulfur, carbon, iron and alkalis [4-6, 8, 9]. Moreover, many of these fluids were de-rived by magmatic degassing, indicating that the mag-matic source regions were still contributing to the addi-tion of these volatile constituents to the martian surface and subsurface as late as the early-mid Amazonian (the Chassignites and Nakhlites are dated at ~1.3 Ga [10]) [6]. In fact, the recent discovery of methane sources from volcanic provinces on Mars indicates that the same types of processes could even continue today [11]. Areas of young (Amazonian) volcanism have also been identified on Mars from orbital exploration, and several of these locations have been suggested to repre-sent potential source regions for the SNC meteorites [12]. The Chassignites and Nakhlites have been sug-gested to originate from either thick lava flows or shal-low layered intrusions [13], which would likely be as-sociated with Amazonian volcanic provinces. The most prominent young volcanism on Mars is associated with the regions of Tharsis and Elysium. Provinces of Cen-tral Elysium Planitia (southeast of Elysium Mons and Noctic Labyrinthus) and Echus Chasma (east of the Tharsis region) were active until approximately one hundred million years ago [14, 15]. Hydrated light-toned deposits (probably hydrated sulfates or chloride salts) have also been identified in association with these young volcanic features [16]. These deposits are consistent with the presence of aqueous alterations under conditions similar to the cur-rent climate [16]; however, hydrothermal activity can-not be ruled out as a potential source for the deposits. In this contribution, we attempt to synthesize the new findings of evidence for magmatically-derived hydrothermal activity from the Nakhlite and Chassig-nite meteorites with new observations from remote sensing on young Amazonian volcanism on Mars. From this compilation, we are able to make inferences about potential habitable zones at the martian surface and subsurface even after the onset of the cold, dry climate that has existed for much of the Hesparian and Amazonian epochs. Evidence for Hydrothermal Activity from The Nakhlites and Chassignites: At least two types of magmatically-derived hydrothermal fluids have been identified from recent studies of SNC meteorites [4-6, 17]. Both of these fluids were inferred based on the mineral assemblages present within various textural regimes in the meteorites. The water-rich nature of amphibole and mica within olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the Chassigny me-teorite are consistent with magmatically derived fluids that are water-rich. The apatite from these melt inclu-sions indicate that chlorine was also present in the fluid, but it was not the dominant volatile species [5, 6]. These fluids are produced from the magma after reaching fluid-saturation during ascent and crystalliza-tion. At elevated temperatures, these fluids would con-tain primarily silica and un-ionized chlorides of so-dium, potassium, iron, and hydrogen [e.g. 17-21]. Con-tinued crystallization would produce more fluid that would become progressively more dilute (water-rich). At low temperatures, these fluids would be character-ized by neutral to alkaline pH, with moderate-low sa-linity, although some variability could arise from wall-rock interactions. Astrobiology Science Conference 2010 (2010) 5604.pdf


The aim of this study was to investi- gate the relationship between pare- nting styles including authoritarian, authoritative and permissive styles) and child behavioural disorder that have conceptualized as externalizing symptoms (aggressive and role broken behaviour). 273 mothers of 7-9 years old boys fro - m primary schools participated in this study.


The present study examines the effect of a nine-hour Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) intervention for teachers who experience stress. Twenty-two teachers from four different counties in southern Sweden were randomly allocated to an ACT intervention (n=15) and a control group (n=7). The ACT condition received three three-hour sessions of ACT over a six-week period, and the control group received a three-hour stress lecture at one occasion. At a follow-up four-weeks after completed intervention, ACT participants showed significant in-group differences on stress, psychological flexibility, general health, and burnout. At a between group comparison, only psychological flexibility was significantly enhanced at the follow-up. Discussion focused on the importance of additional Act at work-studies in the public sector.


We analyze an M9.1 two-ribbon solar flare which occurred on 2004 July 22 using the TRACE white-light and 1700 A images, the RHESSI, and the SOHO/MDI data. We find many small-scale fast-varying brightenings that appeared in the white-light and 1700 A images along the flare ribbons. Some of them underwent rapid motions in weak magnetic field regions. We identify these short-lived brightenings as UV continuum enhancement. Our preliminary result shows that the brightenings are closely related to the HXR emission. They have a lifetime of 30–60 s and a typical size of about 1''–2''. The intensity enhancement is about 150–200 times the mean value of the quiet-Sun. According to previous works, we infer that the 1700 A enhancement may be dominated by the increased emission of 1680 A continuum coming from the temperature minimum region. The impulsive feature in the 1700 A light curves of the small-scale brightenings may be due to the irradiation of the impulsive CIV line intensity caused by the bombardment of non-thermal electron beams.


Summary Procedures have been described for the purification of streptokinase and human plasmin, and molecular weights of 42,600 and 88,800 respectively have been determined. Equilibration of streptokinase with plasmin solutions produced an inhibition of caseinolytic activity and indicated a mole-mole interaction. This inhibitory activity was lost following acid treatment. When these data are considered with the previously reported findings using plasminstreptokinase mixtures as plasminogen activators, it would appear that plasmin and streptokinase react to form a complex which has the ability to convert both human and bovine plasminogen to plasmin.


A minimax converse for the identification via channels is derived. By this converse, a general formula for the identification capacity, which coincides with the transmission capacity, is proved without the assumption of the strong converse property. Furthermore, the optimal second-order coding rate of the identification via channels is characterized when the type I error probability is non-vanishing and the type II error probability is vanishing. Our converse is built upon the so-called partial channel resolvability approach; however, the minimax argument enables us to circumvent a flaw reported in the literature.


Editor, Secretory carcinoma of the breast is a rare form of breast carcinoma seen primarily in children,[1] but it can also occur in adults and account for <0.15% of all breast cancers.[2] These lesions appear to have an excellent prognosis in women under the age of 20 years. The behavior in older women is less favorable with late recurrence. The World Health Organization fascicle on Breast (2012) classifies it as an exceptionally rare type and variant of breast cancer.[3] Its cytological features overlap with many benign as well as malignant lesions of breast and histology mimics with other primary breast tumors and even metastatic tumors of the breast. Recognition of the entity is important because it has a low‐grade clinical course and is associated with a favorable prognosis.[4]


Theoretical investigation of the propagation of ion acoustic solitons in a collisionless plasma consisting of positive ions, negative ions and electrons under the drifting effect of electrons is carried out. Both compressive and rarefactive ion-acoustic solitons for slow mode and only compressive ion-acoustic solitons for fast mode are found to exist depending on the drift velocity e vof electrons for different values of Q' ( , / i j m m = negative to positive ion mass ratio) 1 > .


Abstract S. Redding noted the many challenges facing research and researchers in family-school-community involvement, and he presented a call to "rally the troops" to respond to a series of concerns. The issue of control over defining the role of schools should be a shared enterprise among the family, the school, and the community, with the individual child as the center. This paper presents reflections on past developments providing the background and reasoning for contemporary practice of family-school involvement across America. The paper provides analyses of research and thought in order to present four recommendations for future directions in development and research for family-school-community involvement programs. The first two recommendations focus on explicitly incorporating family-community involvement knowledge, skills, and values into preservice teacher and administrator licensing programs and studying the resulting effects on aspects of these programs. These recommendations are crucial to implementation of family and community involvement practices as the teacher and the principal serve as key agents for positive family and community involvement in schools. The third recommendation promotes studying the effects of family involvement in character/civic education on student outcomes. The fourth recommendation encourages research on the effects of tying community organizations, including health and social agencies, with the school. Each of these recommendations should serve to point out areas where family-school-community involvement research would be both timely and fruitful. Key Words: parent involvement, educational research, teacher preservice education, administrator certification programs, civic education, character education, community schools The Tension for Control In some countries currently, and 200 years ago in the United States, parent involvement in children's schooling would not be considered a topic worthy of scientific scrutiny (Hiatt-Michael, 2001a). Parents assumed control of children's schooling. In some countries currently, and 60 years ago in the United States, the popular opinion was that the school should direct children's academic endeavors. This tension between parent and school control of academic endeavors dominates popular culture, political propaganda, governmental legislation, professional action, and parental activism (Hiatt-Michael, 2005a). According to contributors to Promising Practices for Family Involvement in Schooling Across the Continents (Hiatt-Michael, 2005b), this tension exists around the globe. In West Africa, Gambian elders resist sending their children away from the village to public schools because these elders perceive benefits for family and community support and wonder how government schools will affect the upbringing of their youth. Whereas, in South Africa, parents will arrange for children to leave home and attend a former "White" school so that their children have opportunities for future success in life. In Japan, parents and grandparents may jointly labor to support the school and improve their children's academic opportunities and success. In Scandinavian and American schools, teachers may openly complain about parental disinterest or attempts to control teacher decision making. A recent cover of Time titled "What Teachers Hate About Parents" and the accompanying article generated far-ranging lively discussions and published debate (Gibbs, 2005). Phi Delta Kappan's Gallup Poll for 2005 revealed that 58% of those surveyed believe that the schools, not the parents, have the responsibility to close the academic achievement gap between socioeconomic groups (Rose & Gallup, 2005, p. 48). The Purpose of This Paper S. Redding noted the many challenges facing research and researchers in family-school-community involvement and presented a call to "rally the troops" to respond to a series of concerns (2005). During the end of the last century, educational researchers compiled a set of research findings on the positive effects of family involvement in public schools. …


It has been reported (1) that one effect of a single, intra-peritoneal dose of 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) is to cause a reduction in the duration of action of the drug 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoxazole (zoxazolamine) in the rat. This effect is maximal with doses of dioxin above 100 jpg/ kg and significant even at 5 jug/kg. Our own work showed that oral dosage had a similar effect but also that the duration of action of hexobarbitone was considerably prolonged (2). The results described here extend these observations.


to present a new angle to the study of this great document.' Although there is probably no other citizen whose acquaintance with our institutions has been of a more practical nature, the book effects an intimate appreciation through the presentation of the colorful drama stressing how the Constitution came about. President Coolidge effectively states in the Foreword that, "while we cannot all be trained in the technicalities of the law, we should all have some idea of our fundamental institutions. We need to know their relationships to our daily life, the reasons for their existence, and the benefits we derive from them, and the necessity to ourselves for their perpetuation" (p. vii). This the author has made possible through his scholarly yet delightfully informal account of the early beginnings and developments of the drama of building a constitution for the newly united states. He has literally turned the eyes of America far back into the past that the great pageant, wherein a people without shedding a drop of blood calmly and deliberately abolished one government, substituted another, and erected it upon foundations which had hitherto proved enduring, may be seen. The treatise is especially well organized. After following through the beginnings and preliminaries of the Constitution, the author effectively portrays the battle, crisis, and final curtain. Then follow the problems of ratification, the political philosophy and basic principles, and balance wheel of the Constitution. While the organization does not appear unique, it proves so because of the vast store of interesting detail which is woven into the thread of the account.


Spring Aedes mosquitoes [including Ae des stimulnns (Walker), Aedes fitchii (Felt and Young), Aedes excrucions (Walker), Aedes intrudens Dyar, Aedes sticticus (Meigen), Aedes prouocans (Walker) and canadensls (Theobald) comprise an important complex of pest mosquitoes in Saginaw County, Mf (R. G. Knepper, unpubIished data). Typically, Iarvae of these species hatch in March in pools of water formed by melted snow or by flooding, and adults emerge in May in large numbers that persist into the summer months. The Saginaw County Mosquito Abatement Commission (SCMAC), located in the east-central lower peninsula of Michigan, annually treats about 10,000 ha of spring pools during one week of April to control larvae of these species. For this purpose, the SCMAC uses Vectobac-G@, a0.2% (by weight) corn-cob granular formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (H-14) (B.t.i), applied aerially or by ground crews. The Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge is a 7,039 ha federal and state conservation area Iocated immediately to the southwest of the city of Saginaw. In part, the refuge consists of hardwood bottomlands that flood in spring because of several rivers which flow through the refuge. Large numbers of pools in these flooded bottomIands, as well as snow-melt pools in more elevated areas, form considerable habitat for spring Aedes lawaa Prevailing southwest winds carry adult spring mosquitoes from the refuge into the city, creating pest mosquito conditions. In 1987, officials of the SCMAC requested permission from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to include about 400 ha of flooded refuge habitat in the spring Aedes control program. Biologists of the USFWS expressed concern that B.t.i. may affect nontarget aquatic invertebrates that are important spring-time food sources for managed waterfowl on the refuge. Because flooded bottomlands are an important component of wood duck lAix sponsa (Linn.)l habitat (Sousa and Farmer 1983), the USFWS stipulated that a study should be conducted to determine whether B.t.i. would affect the isopods in spring pools. lsopods comprise an


A distance metric for spatially extended objects provides a formal basis for analytical work in transformation-based multidimensional spatial access methods, including locality preservation of the underlying transformation, statistical analyses of the transformation-effect on spatial parameters and distribution, and distance-based spatial queries. We study the Hausdorff distance metric on the space of closed and bounded subsets in a multidimensional Euclidean space, and its restriction to convexity results in an explicit formulation in computation based on their boundary subsets.


Objectives Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more predisposed to develop postpartum diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to estimate the relative risk (RR) of postpartum dysglycaemia (prediabetes and DM) using mutually exclusive categories according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria cut-off points in patients with GDM, so as to establish a risk-stratification method for developing GDM management strategies. Design, setting and participants In this retrospective cohort study, 942 women who had been diagnosed with GDM (IADPSG criteria) at 24–28 weeks of gestation from November 2016 to April 2018 underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 6–12 weeks postpartum in a tertiary hospital of Singapore. Seven mutually exclusive categories (three one timepoint positive categories (fasting, 1 hour and 2 hours), three two timepoint positive categories (fasting+1 hour, fasting+2 hours and 1 hour+2 hours) and one three timepoint positive category (fasting+1 hour+2 hours)) were derived from the three timepoint antenatal OGTT according to the IADPSG criteria. To calculate the RRs of postpartum dysglyceamia of each mutually exclusive group, logistic regression was applied. Results 924 mothers with GDM, whose mean age was 32.7±4.7 years, were mainly composed of Chinese (45.4%), Malay (21.7%) and Indian (14.3%) ethnicity. The total prevalence of postnatal dysglycaemia was 16.7% at 6–12 weeks postpartum. Stratifying subjects into seven mutually exclusive categories, the RRs of the one-time, two-time and three-time positive groups of the antenatal OGTT test were 1.0 (Ref.), 2.0 (95% CI=1.3 to 3.1; p=0.001) and 6.7 (95% CI=4.1 to 10.9; p<0.001), respectively, which could be used to categorise patients with GDM into low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk group. Conclusions Mutually exclusive categories could be useful for risk stratification and early management of patients with prenatal GDM. It is plausible and can be easily translated into clinical practice.


........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Background ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Problem Background ................................................................................................................................. 7 Industry Background ................................................................................................................................. 8 Project Background ................................................................................................................................... 9 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Project Management ................................................................................................................................. 9 Metrics Lead to Identifying Important Factors .................................................................................... 10 Metrics Investigated: Self Managing Work Teams ............................................................................... 11 Manufacturability: The Concerns of a PM ........................................................................................... 12 Project Type Leads to Identifying Important Factors.......................................................................... 13 Theory Vs Practice .............................................................................................................................. 14 Quality Management................................................................................................................................ 15 Identifying and Assessing Risk .............................................................................................................. 15 Continual FMECA ................................................................................................................................ 16 Customer Involvement ........................................................................................................................ 17 Feedback is Essential ............................................................................................................................ 18 Knowledge Management ......................................................................................................................... 18 Knowledge Base and Knowledge Sharing: Following Toyota's Example ............................................. 18 PQP in Practice: Skunkworks .................................................................................................................. 20 Assessing Economic Viability ................................................................................................................... 21 Design of Solution ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Define ...................................................................................................................................................... 22 Measure and Analyze ............................................................................................................................... 23 Improve ................................................................................................................................................... 24 Control .................................................................................................................................................... 26 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 27 Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 27 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 28 Appendix A: Cost Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 29 Appendix B: Table of Project Management Software ................................................................................. 30 Appendix C: Interview Data ....................................................................................................................... 33 Appendix D: FMEA ..................................................................................................................................... 41 Appendix E: Acronyms Used ...................................................................................................................... 42 Appendix F: Best Practices .......................................................................................................................... 43 References................................................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 1: Wafer Routing Process ................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 2: Projects Success Metrics and Factors (Young 2008) ................................................................... 11 Figure 3: Strategy/Tactics Effectiveness Matrix (Slevin 1998) ..................................................................... 14 Figure 4: Project Time Shortened By Customer Involvement (Bommer 2002) ........................................ 17 Figure 5: The Relationship between Quality and Throughput (Bauer 2007) ............................................. 22 Figure 6: Employee Analysis of Project Success .......................................................................................... 24 Figure 7: Elements of PQP........................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 8: Full Analysis of Project Management Software ........................................................................... 30 Table 1: Identify the Customer ................................................................................................................... 25


— This study was aimed to investigate the effect of various organic supplements on growth and development of Dendrobium discolor 's protocorms and seedlings growth of Dendrobium Judy Rutz. Protocorms of Dendrobium discolor with 2.0 cm. in diameter and seedlings of Dendrobium Judy Rutz at the same size (0.5 cm. height) were sub-cultured on Hyponex medium supplemented with cow milk (CM), soy milk (SM), potato extract (PE) and peptone (P) for 2 months. The protocorms were developed to seedlings in all treatments after cultured for 2 months. However, the best results were found on Hyponex medium supplemented with P was the best in which the maximum fresh and dry weight and maximum shoot height were obtained in this treatment statistically different (p ≤ 0.05) to other treatments. Moreover, Hyponex medium supplemented with P also stimulated the maximum mean number of 5.7 shoots per explant which also showed statistically different (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to other treatments. The results of growth of Dendrobium Judy Rutz seedlings indicated the medium supplemented with 100 mL/L PE enhanced the maximum fresh and dry weigh per explants with significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) in fresh weight from other treatments including the control medium without any organic supplementation. However, the dry weight was not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from medium supplemented with SM and P. There was multiple shoots induction in all media with or without organic supplementation ranging from 2.6 to 3 shoots per explants. The maximum shoot height was also obtained in the seedlings cultured on medium supplemented with PE while the longest root length was found in medium supplemented with SM.


Purpose – The aim of the considerations is the evaluation and modelling of spatial relations of selected characteristics of socio-economic development of communities in the Lubuskie Voivodship as well as identification of the communities for which these relations are of crucial importance.Research method – Methods of spatial econometrics and statistics were used to study formation of phenomena depending on the location of a given object in space. Among them, the analysis used global and local measures of spatial autocorrelation and the spatial autoregression model. The following characteristics were taken into account: the registered unemployment rate, the number of enterprises registered in REGON, the number of beds in tourist facilities and the income of communes due to PIT tax.Results – The obtained score indicates the existence of significant spatial dependencies in formation of distinguished characteristics and allows to define specific local patterns in the region. The spatial autoregression model allows to explain the relations between the unemployment rate and the number of enterprises as well as investment outlays of communes.Originality / value – In the literature on the subject it can be found that this kind of research is carried out either at the level of regions of the European Union or voivodships or districts in the country. Studies at the municipal level, which were carried out on the basis of statistical data for 2016, are less frequent.


Abstract: The "risk-society hypothesis" consists of two related parts. In its first part, the hypothesis views modern societies as being in a transition from "class societies" to "risk societies." In its second part, it states that modern societies undergo a process of "individualization." Essentially, Ulrich Beck and others elaborate both parts of the hypothesis with respect to industrial societies in general and to German society in particular. Critics argue that the hypothesis misjudges the relation between societal risk distribution, conflict, and social inequality. It fails to understand the main reasons for risk-related conflicts in society when it supposes that the basic conflicts characterizing risk societies are different from the basic conflicts in class societies. It fails mainly because it ignores the possibility of causal attributions and risk perceptions directly related to antagonistic (class) positions. As far as the postulated individualization process is concerned, the risk society hypothesis represents a peculiar mixture of supposedly right and wrong assumptions. The hypothesis seems quite right in assuming changing modes of social integration: Not so much traditional ties as market and competitive mechanisms determine social life, often advancing to its most private corners. The hypothesis fails, however, in its structural implications. In particular, the view that the postulated trends question the "hierarchy model of social inequality" is neither theoretically convincing nor empirically tenable. Instead, neither exposition to global risks nor individualization is likely to make society more egalitarian. Furthermore, instead of assuming that risk-societies overcome class conflicts, the paper envisions the emergence of a new risk-related cleavage in society. Introduction: The Risk-Society Hypothesis (1) The "risk-society hypothesis" (Beck, 1992) views modern societies as being in a transition from "class societies" to "risk societies." To Beck, class societies are "scarcity societies" concerned with "the distribution of socially produced wealth and related conflicts" (op.cit, p. 20). He states that "sooner or later in the continuity of modernization the social positions and conflicts of a `wealth-distributing' society begin to be joined by those of a `risk-distributing' society," and clarifies that "by risks" is meant "above all radioactivity, which completely evades human perceptive abilities, but also toxins and pollutants in the air, the water and foodstuffs, together with the accompanying short- and long-term effects on plants, animals and people" (op.cit, p. 22). Essentially, the risk-society hypothesis implies a set of three related propositions, namely a globalization and conflict proposition concerning the relationship between social inequality ("the logic of wealth distribution") and risk ("risk distribution"), and a proposition concerning the "individualization of social inequality." (a) Globalization Proposition The globalization proposition states that the hazards in risk societies are modernization risks with an "inherent tendency toward globalization." Though it is conceded that "the history of risk distribution shows that, like wealth, risks adhere to the class pattern, only inversely," that there exist "broad overlapping areas between class and risk society" to the extent that one is tempted to conclude "risks seem to strengthen, not to abolish, the class society." Although "the possibilties and abilities to deal with risks, avoid them or compensate for them are probably unequally divided among the various occupational and educational strata," Beck explicitly rejects the conclusion "that through these reflective and well financed dealings with risks the old social inequalities are strenghtened on a new level." Instead, "that does not strike at the heart of the distributional logic of risks" (op.cit, p. 35f.). …


Introduction:
 Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is abnormal in pediatric heart transplant (HT) patients with graft failure due to hemodynamic compromise and exposure to nephrotoxins. We aimed to evaluate differences in eGFR between primary HT (PT) and repeat HT (RT) in children and young adults. We hypothesized that eGFR will recover to baseline after HT, but RT will tend to have lower eGFR than PT.

 Methods:
 We reviewed all HT at our center from 1995-2021. eGFR was derived from the CKid U25 equation. eGFR was measured pre-HT, 1 week post-HT (peak creatinine), 1-3, 6, and 12 months post-HT, and most recent follow-up. We matched PT with RT patients based on age at HT, sex, and race. Changes in eGFR were measured within and between patients using a linear mixed effect model. Additionally, changes in eGFR were stratified between those with pre-HT eGFR < 60mL/min/1.73m2 and >= 60mL/min/1.73m2. We evaluated for associations between changes in eGFR and the number of rejections prior to RT, diagnosis, pre-HT eGFR, dialysis, prior VAD/ECMO support, waitlist time, bypass time, ischemic time, length of stay, time from HT, graft loss, and nephrotoxin exposure.

 Results:
 RT was performed in 47 patients (early death N=1).
 Table 1
 shows characteristics of the matched PT (n=36) and RT (n=36) cohort.
 Figure 1
 compares PT and RT mean eGFR at the specified time points. Those with a pre-retransplant eGFR < 60mL/min/1.73m2 rebounded to levels significantly higher than pre-retransplant (p< 0.001). RT eGFR was lower than PT eGFR, but RT eGFR rebounded to levels significantly higher than prior to RT (p<0.001). There were no associations between changes in eGFR and bypass time, ischemic time, length of stay, or graft loss.

 Conclusions:
 eGFR falls transiently early after both PT and RT but rebounds back to baseline in PT or above baseline in RT. These findings help to characterize expected changes in renal function after PT and RT and guide expectations for renal recovery afterwards.


The morphology and composition of isolated acinar cells from the enlarged parotid glands of rats treated chronically with DL-isoproterenol were investigated and compared with isolated acinar cells from parotids of control untreated rats. Changes similar to those observed in parotid acinar cells from patients with cystic fibrosis were demonstrated.


In this study, it is aimed to examine the opinions of prospective teachers about the design of digital educational comics designed within the scope of science education and their use in educational environments. This study, conducted with 129 prospective teachers determined by purposeful sampling method, is suitable for a case study. After the prospective teachers received a four-hour training on digital educational comics, they designed their digital educational comics for two weeks. After the design process, their views on design and applicability of these designs were determined with structured survey forms. The collected data were analyzed in four stages with the MAXQDA-20 program in accordance with content analysis. In the study, it was determined that the prospective teachers had difficulties at the point of designing visual and graphical elements in digital environment during the digital educational comic design process and that they were negatively affected by technological insufficiencies. In addition to this, the prospective teachers expressed the views on the need to pay attention to the digital educational comic's subject-acquisition relationship, scientific knowledge and the relationship of this knowledge with daily life. It is recommended to increase the use of technology-oriented alternative teaching materials such as digital educational comics in science education from preschool to undergraduate level instead of traditional teaching materials.


This study examined the relationship between the financial ratio and the corporate value of the food and beverage companies in the food service sector. For 31 companies in the KOSPI food and beverage sector used as samples for 6 years from 2010 to 2015, the ROE representing profitability showed a significant positive correlation with stock returns while the current ratio showed a significant negative correlation with stock returns. It was found that all the other ratios did not have significant impact. The analysis of the difference in means of financial ratios was carried out to verify the [Hypothesis 2] that there is a difference in the relationship between the financial ratios and corporate value of the company group with high stock returns and those with low stock returns. As a result, Only the ROE among the financial ratios significantly related with stock returns showed a significantly large difference between the two company groups, and it is considered that the ROE had an impact on the purchase and sale of equity by the investors in the food and beverage sector.


This article is to present the experiences of participants and students in contact with the use of music and their potential in therapeutic groups developed in a Psychosocial Care Center and reflect on the conquest of area for music, a viable treatment option for rehabilitation and enhancement of self-esteem of users of this service. Have been made 10 meetings, lasting 1 hour and participation by service professionals, students, and about 8-10 users of the service. We used a field diary in order to obtain data, through thematic content analysis and the observations of the coordinators identified two currents: overcoming the resistances and dealing with feelings, with the difficulties of day-to-day and the symptoms of mental disorder. We consider that working with emotional aspects provided a better quality of life for participants.


The utility model discloses a suction-type specific gravity grain seed selecting machine comprising a support (11), a sieving boat (20), a sieving frame assembly (8), an air inlet (2), a discharge opening (9), an impurity outlet (19), and a feeding inlet (21), wherein a plurality of observation windows (4) are arranged on the sieving boat (20). The machine is characterized in that rubber springs (12 and 17) are connected between the sieving boat (20) and the support (11), a rubber spring adjusting base (13) is arranged between the support (11) of the discharge end and the rubber spring (12), and two sides of the sieving boat (20) are connected with vibration motors (14) through a motor support assembly (15) in a movable mode. The sieving boat (20) is supported on the support through a plurality of the rubber springs, and the rubber spring at the grain outlet end can be adjusted up and down to ensure that the sieving boat and a horizontal plane are kept at a certain inclined angle. Vibration motor bases on two sides of the sieving boat can rotate so that vibration direction angles formed by the vibration motors and the sieving boat can be adjusted. Therefore, the suction-type specific gravity grain seed selecting machine can process various raw materials, is convenient to operate, and reduces operation and maintenance cost of the machine.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: control over the gas turbine engine dynamic acceleration and throttling conditions is effected by measuring turbo-compressor rotor rpm n tk and acceleration comparing with preset varying fuel feed flow rate into the combustion chamber depending upon the departure of current from preset Note here that the turbo-compressor inlet air temperature T in * is measured, the turbo-compressor rotor rpm n tcr reduced in compliance with the temperature T in * by formula the magnitude of is defined from two preset relations and for acceleration and throttling conditions respectively. Now the engine actual thrust parameter is measured, compared with the preset magnitude to generate the acceleration signal I=1 or throttling signal I=0 to be sent to the magnitude generation unit. Fuel feed into the combustion chamber is varied to meet the aforesaid relations. EFFECT: better quality of adjusting two-shaft two-section engine with valves bypassing air from low-pressure channel booster stages in dynamic conditions. 2 dwg


Brooks-Pazmany, Kathleen L. United States Women in Aviation 1919-1929 . Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space, number 5, 57 pages, 79 illustrations, 1983.—Women who were active in aviation in the United States from 1919 through 1929 as pilots, barnstormers , promoters, passengers, and supporters are presented in this publication. Rare photographs, documents, newspaper clippings, and other archival materials held by the Library of the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, have provided the nucleus of this study. They have been supplemented by photographs and materials from private collections, as well as by firsthand accounts from participants in the events of the day. Official publication data is handstamped in a limited number of copies and is recorded in the Ins t i tu t ion^ annual report, Smithsonian Year. FRONT COVER: Louise Thaden, winner of the 1929 National Women's Air Derby (see also Figure 73). BACK COVER: Margie Hobbs was a barnstormer who performed as "Ethel Dare, the Flying Witch." Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Brooks-Pazmany, Kathleen L. United States women in aviation, 1919-1929. (Smithsonian studies in air and space ; no. 5) Bibliography: p. 1. Women air pilots—United States. I. Title. II. Series. TL539.B76 1982 629 .13 '092 '2 82-10812 For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Stock No. 047-002-00027-3


Abstract A novel technique to achieve rapidly and continually maintain therapeutic lidocaine concentrations was designed according to known pharmacokinetic properties of the drug and was tested in ...


A split study evaluated the ThinPrep® PapTest™ (TP; Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, MA) compared with current methodologies of cervical cytology in two high‐risk cohorts. One thousand, three hundred cases from a colposcopy clinic and a genito‐urinary medicine outpatient clinic were examined. The TP reported increased detection of all grades of dyskaryosis (mild, moderate and severe; + 4.5%) and a decrease in borderline and unsuitable cases (− 4.9%). Four cases of high‐grade dyskaryosis (moderate or severe) were detected only using the TP, while an additional four cases classified as high‐grade dyskaryosis with the TP were reported as borderline by our conventional methods. The split‐study finding of increased sensitivity with the TP provides for improved clinical management of patients in our high‐risk cohorts.


This paper reviews the advantages and possible pitfalls of using a generalized method of measuring and, based on these measurements, predicting the transient or steady-state thermal response characteristics of an electronic equipment designed to operate in a space environment. The method requires generation of a set of thermal influence coefficients by test measurement in vacuo. A simplified thermal mockup is used in this test. Once this data set has been measured, temperatures resulting from arbitrary steady-state or time varying power profiles can be economically calculated with the aid of a digital computer.


*Corresponding Author: Magda Farghali Gabri, Mobile (01063439319), E mail: email@example.com Background: Neonatal sepsis is still considered as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, microbiological pattern, and antibiotic susceptibility of neonatal sepsis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Aswan University Hospital (AUH) in a specific time. Methodology: The study was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out on all neonates admitted to the NICU with suspected neonatal sepsis a from August 2017 to July 2018. All neonates were subjected to history, examination, and investigations which included complete blood count, Creactive protein, and blood cultures at the time of presentation. Results: Our study included 100 neonates with suspected neonatal sepsis. Positive growth in blood culture was 23% of cases. Isolated organisms were 11% S. aureus, 7% K. Pneumonia and 5% Enterobacter cocci. Antibiotic sensitivity revealed that the three organism were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. All cases were resistant to Erythromycin and Gentamycin. About 8.6% were leucopenic, 38% had leukocytosis and 95.7 % had high CRP. Conclusion: This study revealed increasing rate of neonatal sepsis with high degree of antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics among both gram-positive and gram-negative isolates.


Objective
To explore the implementation of on-the-job training pathway for stroke specialist nurses under the medical alliance model and to evaluate the effectiveness of training.

Methods
The subjects of the study were 32 professional nurses in primary stroke center of the first People's Hospital of Yichang. We used the combination of network teaching and clinical practice to train management group of specialist nurses. Before and after the training, evaluated the professional capacity level of specialist nurses by theory examination and practicing examination.

Results
The qualification rate of stroke nurses' professional knowledge was increased from 37.5% (12/32) up to 100.0% (32/32), (χ2=29.09, P<0.01), the qualified rate of the door-to-needle times raised to 86.2%(χ2=4.23, P<0.05).

Conclusions
Implementing the on-the-job training path extends the professional knowledge of stroke nurses. Improving the qualification rate of DNT of the patient in medical alliance units, so more stroke victims benefit from early vascular re-canalization .

Key words:
Medical alliance; Stroke; Specialist nurse; Training path


Background and aims Sarcopenia has been demonstrated to be closely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether there are causal relationships between sarcopenia and NAFLD remains undetermined. Here, we aim to address the question using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis approach. Methods We performed a two-sample bidirectional MR study using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the whole body lean mass (n = 38,292), appendicular (arms and legs) lean mass (n = 28,330), and NAFLD (1,483 biopsy-proven NAFLD cases and 17,781 controls). We first conducted MR analysis with five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic instruments for whole body lean mass and three SNPs as instruments for appendicular lean mass to estimate the causal effect of genetically predicted sarcopenia on the risk of NAFLD using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Then we performed reverse MR analysis with four SNPs as instruments to examine the causality of genetically predicted NAFLD with whole body lean mass and appendicular lean mass. Further sensitivity analysis was conducted to testify the reliability of the MR results. Results Genetic predisposition to decreased whole body lean mass was not associated with NAFLD [IVW-random effects, odds ratio (OR) = 1.054, 95%CI: 0.750–1.482, P = 0.761]. Similar results were observed using genetic instruments of appendicular lean mass (IVW-random effects, OR = 0.888, 95%CI: 0.386–2.042, P = 0.780). Reverse MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted NAFLD using four genetic instruments was not associated with whole body lean mass (IVW, β = −0.068, 95%CI: −0.179 to 0.043, P = 0.229) and appendicular lean mass (IVW, β = −0.020, 95%CI: −0.092 to 0.051, P = 0.574). MR analyses using other methods and sensitivity analysis showed consistent results. Conclusion These results suggested no causal relationships between sarcopenia and NAFLD, indicating that sarcopenia may not be directly involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and vice versa.


Screening of ectomycorrhizal fungi for mycorrhizal remediation of toxic heavy metals(ABSTRACTS (MASTER THESIS FOR GRADUATE SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE)) Author(s) Tahsin, Jilani Citation Sustainable humanosphere : bulletin of Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Kyoto University (2006), 2: 42-42 Issue Date 2006-08-31 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/51115 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher


Introduction In 1954, the Statistical Bulletin of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company published a study of surgical mortality associated with the treatment of various lesions by major surgical operations. 1 In all instances cited, surgical mortality had apparently been reduced during the decade of the 40's by at least one-half and in several instances by more than four-fifths. For several reasons, however, there would seem to be cause for doubt as to whether this marked and well-recognized decrease in general surgical mortality were also true in the case of the acutely perforated peptic ulcer. To obtain more information on this point, we have critically studied all the patients treated for an acute perforation of a peptic ulcer at the Buffalo General Hospital for the 15-year period from Jan. 1, 1942, to Jan. 1, 1957. These cases have been divided for comparison into three groups, each covering a consecutive period of


Along with era development which is very fast and sophisticated, various influence from outside culture effected on the life pattern of community, so the art value, cultural value, moral value and character value of nation nowadays are replaced. To face this phenomena, students should be reintroduced to culture and art existed in Indonesia particularly in each regions in order that the lofty values of this nation keep maintained. Elementary school age is very suitable to inculcate those values in order that this nation character become strong and capable to create positive young generation. Character has tight relation to attitude and value. One's character is build based on daily experience, what he see, what he hear and his habit. As adult individual, teacher has task to introduce local art to students in elementary school age to build students' character. Keywords: local art, students' character


Problems of linear time-dependent dispersive wa.ves in an unbounded domain arc consfrlcrcd. The infinite domain is truncated via. an artificial boundary B. A high-order :>J"on-Refiecting Boundary Condition (l\RBC) is imposed on B, and the problem is solved by a Finite Difference (FD) scheme in the finite domain. The sequence of l\RBCs proposed by Higdon is used. However, in contrast to the original low-order impkmentation, a new scheme is devised which allows the easy use of a Higdon-type l\RBC of any desired order. In addition, the problem is considered for a stratified media. The performance of the scheme is demonstrated via numerical example.


This study aims to determine the increase in mathematical communication skills of students of UIN Walisongo Semarang using mathematics teaching materials that apply Project Based Learning through vlogs based on unity of sciences. The importance of mathematical communication skills can help students more easily communicate the results of their mind on mathematical problems through symbols, diagrams, tables, or the other media. Mathematical communication skills make it easier for students as prospective teachers to convey messages in the form of mathematical concepts, principles, and objects. Students who have mathematical communication skills have an easy understanding of the level of understanding the concepts and application of mathematics in everyday life. Mathematical communication skills can be honed through a learning process that involves groups in creating and completing a project. Giving projects in the form of vlogs trains students in communicating and expressing their ideas or truths and can inspire others to do the same on the vlogs that have been made. Project-based learning through vlogs with Islamic values as the implementation of the unity of knowledge can instill a paradigm that all knowledge is one interconnected unit, sourced from the verses of Allah, both qauliyah and kauniyah verses, so that it is getting higher. Owned mathematical knowledge, makes someone who studies mathematics more faith in Allah. The results showed that there was an increase in the mathematical communication skills of mathematics education students by using a project-based learning model through vlogs based on science unity.


This is the first substantial history to trace the political development of the Ulster Unionist Party through the years of protest and opposition to Irish Home Rule to the half-century as a governing party within Northern Ireland, and beyond to the current attempts to bring peace to the Province. It demonstrates why the Party is so central to efforts to reach a political settlement, and explains why it has for so long been the main political voice of the pro-Union electorate in Northern Ireland. An important and scholarly work based on extensive primary source research, it brings to light forgotten historical episodes of contemporary political significance, and provides new angles on old controversies and debates. The book discusses the evolution of the Ulster Unionist Party with reference to competing ideological currents, class and social tensions within the Unionist movement, and the role of leadership figures and maverick personalities. This is a book that maps the party's historical journey from the dramatic days of Carson to the current predicaments of Trimble.


The impulse response (IR) function describes the way in which the water table responds to an impulse of precipitation, and plays an important role in time series analysis. The moments of the IR function can, however, be directly calculated from both time series models and groundwater models, and can also be used in eco-hydrological models as moments characterize the dynamic behaviour of the water table. In this paper the outline of the method of impulse response moments (IRM) is presented. This method integrates the above mentioned fields of hydrological modelling as subsystems from which moments can be derived and between which moments can be mutually exchanged, thereby offering an opportunity to combine their specific advantages. Future research will focus on the further development of the IRM method and on quantifying the consequences of the assumptions made (i.e. linearity of the hydrological system and a predefined form of the IR function).


New procedures are reported for the specification of caging yields in nuclear recoil chemistry experiments. All five hot 18F substitution channels in CH3CF3 and CH3CHF2 exhibit caging at large density. The respective total caged yields at 195 °K are 4.0%±0.6% and 5.6%±0.6%, and the total yields of stabilized substitution products are 8.9%±0.4% and 8.6%±0.6%. The simplest plausible caging mechanism involves primary Franck–Rabinowitsch radical recombination of 18F atoms with aliphatic radicals. Density‐variation results cannot be used for the qualitative detection of caging reactions unless excitation‐stabilization complications have been shown to be unimportant.


Sustainable education refers to knowledge delivery that ensures a balanced national development which encompasses both economic and social development as well as a human needs perspective [...]


Growing energy needs, coupled with fluctuating international oil prices, are forcing India to tap into renewable energy resources to address the energy crisis. The Government of India launched a national programme to promote the large scale cultivation of the plants Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata for biodiesel production. However, the programmes are long term and need time to reach the farmers in remote areas. In addition, the current subsidy provisions for: kerosene to those below the poverty line; diesel to fishermen; and electricity at subsidised or free cost to farmers for irrigation, are faced with inefficient public distribution systems leading to widespread shortage of energy resources in rural areas. In order to reduce these barriers though the utilisation of existing natural resources, the Applied Environmental Research Foundation (AERF) has been working since 2005 to set up village/ cluster level biodiesel resource centres to meet local energy demands in Alibaug and Mhasala blocks of Raigad district. In 2007, through a Global Actions Programs Fund provided by the Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP), the AERF reached over 70 villages with a potential to create income generating opportunities through seed collection activities and employment at the resource centres. The central focus of setting up the biodiesel centres was to exploit the already existing Pongamia pinnata tree for extracting oil either for direct fuel use or the production of bio diesel. During the process of interaction with local communities in the second year, a good population of oil yielding indigenous tree species Madhuca Indica was found to exist in the local areas in Mhasala block, thereby incorporating this species into the local seed procurement and processing activities.


The transmission tower and conductor system is a 3-dimensional complicated tower-line coupled vibration system,analytical data indicates that the vibration mode of the transmission lines tower is extraordinary close and majority is the vibration modes of cables.In order to acquire an accurate vibration mode of transmission tower which coupled cables,the time-history responses of the tower is acquired by inputting White-noise wave.Firsty,by adopting vibration modal identification technology in frequency-domain,the vibration mode of tower coupled cable effects can be identified.Environmental vibration test was carried out at an engineering site,which further verified FEA model and vibration mode identified by theoretic analysis.


The authors are members of the British Association Committee on Social Concern and Biological Advances. Following earlier discussions of legal and social problems arising from certain medical advances, they undertook, independently, to examine the Law Commission's study.


Ce-doped strontium bismuth titanate (SrBi4Ti4O15, SBT) powders were prepared
 by glycine-nitrate process at 400-500°C and the ceramics were sintered at
 980°C. The phase composition, morphology and electric properties were
 investigated. It was found that the calcined powders consist of a single
 phase SBT and the calcination temperature is lower than that for the
 conventional solid state method. The morphology of Cedoped SBT is flake-like
 and the layer size decreases with Ce-addition from 12 to 2μm confirming
 that the addition of Ce3+ inhibits grain growth. The Curie temperature of
 Ce-doped SBT increased for about 20°C compared to the pure SBT. The tan δ
 was ~0.005 at 35°C and even below 0.05 up to 400°C. The temperature
 coefficient of dielectric constant was ~0.012 and the rate of frequency
 change was 0.01-0.04, which indicated the high stability of dielectric
 properties of the Ce-doped SBT. Impedance analysis revealed that the
 conduction mechanism of the Ce-doped SrBi4Ti4O15 ceramics is mainly grain
 conduction.


George Bernard Shaw is reputed to have said that "England and America are two countries separated by a common language" . 2 In the United States the term " frustration" is limited to situations where it is possible to perform the contract, but performance would be senseless. The usual illustration is a license for the use of apartment to view the coronation procession of King Edward VII. Although the coronation was postponed because of the King's illness, it was still possible for the license to pay for the use of the apartment and for the license to provide the apartment, nevertheless the basic assumption of the parties did not occur and purpose of the contract was totally frustrated, and the contract was discharged. In England, " frustration" is used to cover cases of im-


Marija Gimbutas, an archeomythologist, writing about the Sirens, the half-women – half-birds in Greek legends, stresses that, like Harpies, they stem from the Anatolian Vulture Goddess, or other Bird of Prey Goddess. So in the Hellenistic Era as well as later in the Middle Ages – with modifications of Sirens into Women-Fish in Mediaeval times – the Sirens were shown as women with bird feet and wings and figured as a symbol of obsession, nightmares and daydreams. What has remained of Greek iconography in Croatian oral legends is that very acoustic image of Siren-song, while there is a complete absence of the Ancient Greek conception that these were Women-Birds.


The effect of photoetching on the photoelectrochemical behavior of n-MoSe2 and n-WSe2 layered compounds in contact with iodide electrolytes has been studied by the scanning microscope for semiconductor characterization (SMSC), a technique for imaging physical effects photoinduced at the semiconductor−electrolyte interface. Photocurrent images in combination with localized intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) measurements performed with the SMSC, on a micrometric scale, show that the increase of photoresponse observed after photoetching is due to the generation at the van der Waals surface of defects able to hinder surface recombination and to promote interfacial charge transfer through the covalent interaction with photogenerated triiodide ions.


Coup d'etat was not a new phenomenon for Turkey because several successful coups previously had happened led by military to protect the Kemalism in Turkey. However, what happened in the night of 16 July 2016 was very historical for Turkey, because the coup d'etat attempt was successfully defeated. This time, nevertheless, although done by a military junta, Erdoğan believes that the master mind of the coup was his former ally, Fethullah Gülen, leader of cultural Islamic based organization (Gülen Movement). This claim was very interesting, despite the fact that both parties are known for their deeply Islamic roots and former allies. Therefore, this paper tends to make sense of what actually had happened between both parties, hence Gülen Movement was alleged as the coup plotters. Why the coup attempt failed and what is the aftermath of the coup?.


Promoting cell growth is demanded in various applications, such as drug screening and regenerative medicine. Recently, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP), which can generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species under atmospheric conditions, has been used to promote cell growth. In this study, microperfusion systems using the stimulation of NTAPP exposure were developed to induce cell growth. NTAPP was generated through the dielectric barrier discharge method. When NTAPP exposure was applied to pure water for 4 min, concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide reached 250, 20, and 0.5 mg l−1, respectively. Further, C2C12 murine myoblast cells were injected into the microperfusion system, stimulated with NTAPP exposure, and cultured for 3 d. Then, the liquid medium was changed to initiate cell differentiation. The formation of tubular structures was observed after incubation for 3 d.


The present study is aimed at evaluating the quality of Krishna river water before and after the 'Pushkaram' celebrations organized in and around Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India during 11th to 24th August 2016. These celebrations generally involve activities that significantly pollute water. The study was carried out by collecting water samples before and after the period mentioned above at different locations where celebrations were organized. In order to analyze the samples, breakpoint chlorination technique was used apart from the determination of various quality parameters of water samples using both volumetric and instrumental methods of analysis. The study indicates that there is significant effect of the activities of pushkaram celebrations on the quality of water in spite of many measures taken by the concerned authorities.