Objective:Dexmedetomidine and propofol are commonly used sedatives in neurocritical care as they allow for frequent neurologic examinations. However, both agents are associated with significant hemodynamic side effects. The primary objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of severe hemodynamic effects in neurocritical care patients receiving dexmedetomidine and propofol. Design:Multicenter, retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study. Setting:Neurocritical care units at two academic medical centers with dedicated neurocritical care teams and board-certified neurointensivists. Patients:Neurocritical care patients admitted between July 2009 and September 2012 were evaluated and then matched 1:1 based on propensity scoring of baseline characteristics. Interventions:Continuous sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol. Measurements and Main Results:A total of 342 patients (105 dexmedetomidine and 237 propofol) were included in the analysis, with 190 matched (95 in each group) by propensity score. The primary outcome of this study was a composite of severe hypotension (mean arterial pressure < 60 mm Hg) and bradycardia (heart rate < 50 beats/min) during sedative infusion. No difference in the primary composite outcome in both the unmatched (30% vs 30%, p = 0.94) or matched cohorts (28% vs 34%, p = 0.35) could be found. When analyzed separately, no differences could be found in the prevalence of severe hypotension or bradycardia in either the unmatched or matched cohorts. Conclusions:Severe hypotension and bradycardia occur at similar prevalence in neurocritical care patients who receive dexmedetomidine or propofol. Providers should similarly consider the likelihood of hypotension or bradycardia before starting either sedative.


The invention relates to a child Monitor System with Content Data Storage. The child monitor system includes a child unit having a sensor to capture content, and a parent unit having a processor and a user interface communicatively coupled with the processor to reproduce the content captured by the sensor. The child unit and the parent unit are configured to communicate via a wireless communication link carrying content data representative of the captured content. The system further includes a memory communicatively coupled with the child unit or the parent unit and configured for non-volatile storage of the content data. The processor of the parent unit is configured to issue an instruction to effectuate the non-volatile storage of the content data in the memory in response to a content storage request received via the user interface.


Induction motors have an important role in the industry on account of their advantages over other electrical motors. Consequently, there is a huge demand for their safe and sound operation. But it is not free from failures, which result in unnecessary downtimes and create great losses with regards to both revenue and maintenance. For that reason, early fault detection is considered necessary for the safety maintenance of the motor. In the present circumstances, the health monitoring of the induction motors are progressively increasing due to its potential to enhance operating costs, increase the reliability of function and so does the current paper emerge. Also, this paper deals with a novel effective technique for detecting the bearing fault and air gap eccentricity fault of the induction motor. Summarization and analysis of the findings are done based on percentage error and fitness function Value. Comparison results of bad bearing faults and air gap eccentricity are given separately in the paper. The findings of the study concluded that particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be considered as better optimization for bad bearing fault whereas modified particle swarm optimization is concluded as better optimization for air gap eccentricity fault.


Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is becoming more serious concern as it affects 95% of diabetic patients worldwide. It has been shown that the Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-negative microorganisms are the main reasons behind this disease. Though many antibiotics are presently used to treat the DFU, due to increased bacterial resistance, new alternative therapies are always welcome. To address this alarming issue, we have designed and synthesized the high-valence silver propamidine (Ag(II)PRO) complex as well as nanoparticles and characterized both by usual spectroscopic methods. The reverse microemulsion technique has been applied to synthesize Ag(II)PRO nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity has been compared with zero-valence silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with similar size. The antibacterial efficacies of Ag(II)PRO nanoparticles and AgNPs were tested against Gram-negative and Gram -positive organisms responsible for DFU. The newly synthesized high-valence Ag(II)PRO nanoparticles showed higher antibacterial activity compared to silver-only nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study concludes that the high-valence Ag(II)PRO nanoparticles show better antibacterial activity than AgNPs and they may serve as the next generation therapeutic agent for the diabetic wound care.


The purpose of this study is to explore the implications of paternalistic leadership behavior, developing and testing a paternalistic leadership behavior scale as well as confirming construct dimensions and questions that provide a basis for later quantitative studies. Research subjects included 402 current elementary school principals in four cities and counties in Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Miaoli of Taiwan. The primary instrument was a "paternalistic leadership behavior scale" that was created following a process of observation and interviews. The scale initially included 9 dimensions and 48 questions. Reliability analysis and testing of the seven dimensions and 30 questions in the "paternalistic leadership behavior scale "showed that the Cronbach's ? coefficients of the sub-scales and total scale ranged from 0.716 to 0.915, indicating good reliability for exploratory research. In addition to discussing the implications of scale-related topics and corrections to the initial scale, this study also introduces relevant suggestions for future research.


Chinese characters are the only existing ideogram in the world today.Its pictographic and ideogram characteristic enriches Chinese characters with cultural connotations. They show the Chinese traditional cultural consciousness with suggestive reduction. Staring with analysis of the structure of Chinese characters, the text explores the traditional Chinese notion of superiority and inferiority by using examples of three groups of words-monarch and civilian men and women, and husband and wife.


Case histories of patients with Meniere's disease were studied regarding character, duration, intensity of vertigo and length of the intervals of occurrence. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate of natural course of Meniere's disease and obtain criteria for the improvement of recurrence of vertiginous attacks by medical treatment, as distinct from spontaneous relief, following the natural course of the disease.Forty patients diagnosed as having Meniere's disease were included in the study. The diagnosis was based on the criteria of diagnosis of Meniere's disease by Tokita et al. (1967).During examinations of the natural course of Meniere's disease, the following types were observed.(1) In 6 cases, a definitive spell appeared repeatedly in the same season once or twice every year.(2) In 4 cases, a definitive severe spell with long intervals changed to a slight spell.(3) In 5, there was a gradual decrease of recurrence of vertiginous attacks, with time.(4) In 12, burst of spell occurred continuously from the time of onset.(5) In 5, repetition of single definitive spell and burst of spell appeared with irregular alternation.(6) In 2, Lermoyez's disease was finally diagnosed as Meniere's disease.(7) There were two with a sudden deafness at onset.(8) Nine experienced vertigo induced by transient ischemic attacks or orthostatic dysregulation before the onset of Meniere's disease.The natural course of Meniere's disease varied with the individual. The longest period without attack of vertigo by spontaneous relief following natural course of the disease was from 1 month to 8 years. Thus, it was most difficult to determine the improvement of vertigo by medical treatment, as distinct from spontaneous relief. For determination of the improvement of vertigo by medical effects, abscence of a spell for 10 times the average interval before treatment (criteria by American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otology) and for 3 times of the longest period without attack of vertigo before treatment are required.


Running characteristic of bus AMT is analysed,improved dynamic 3-parameter-controllde optimal-power shift schedule is designed. The simulation model for shift schedule is set up based on the software MATLAB/SIMULINK,and the simulation results show that the new approach can improve the AMT's running characteristic.


Abstract This paper scrutinizes the effects of near‐wall approach methods on the calculated results of complex wall shear flows with flow separation and secondary reversed flow. Two backward facing step flows with different expansion ratios are solved by a k‐ϵ‐E turbulence model with a one‐equation turbulence model near the wall, and by a k‐ϵ‐E turbulence model with the near‐wall boundary conditions specified by wall function, respectively. The computational results are compared with the experimental data, and it is found that the near‐wall equation turbulence model performs better than that of the wall function as a near‐wall approach method for complex wall shear flows.


Modern world is characterized by ethical, religious and philosophical disagreements among peoples. What are the implications of these doctrinal conflictsthe "fact of reasonable pluralism"for our understanding of justice and human rights? Do human rights need to be located in a particular secular or religious conception of the good in order to be justified? How a conception of human rights can be supported from a range of ethical and religious traditions? Since the end of World War II, human rights have emerged as a fundamental concern of international ethics. The so called human rights revolution, like other revolutions, has brought both progress and confusion. It is clear to almost everyone now that there are some rights held by all individual persons but the content, nature, and justificatory basis of these rights are not clear. For clarifying this point, consider two distinguished predominant views about human rights, which familiar from the philosophical literature: 'maximalism' or 'cosmopolitan egalitarianism' and 'minimalism' or 'humanitarianism.' Maximalism (cosmopolitan egalitarianism) holds that human rights are coextensive with rights founded on justice. According to cosmopolitan egalitarianism as a "monistic" theory of morality, a single set of fundamental norms of justice always applies to individuals, even if the implications of those norms varies with circumstance. Cosmopolitanism, understood as requiring equal concern, equal respect, and equal opportunity regardless of


OBJECTIVE To explore the drug resistance of Escherichia coli and the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases so as to provide basis for the clinical reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS A retrospective study was carried out to investigate the relevant data of the isolated E.coli from Jan 2010 to Dec 2011.RESULTS Totally 1043 E.coli isolates were mainly isolated from urine.The detection rates of ESBLs-producing E.coli in 2010 and 2011 were respectively 52.9% and 51.18%,the difference between the ESBLs-producing strains and non-ESBLs-producing strains was not statistically significant.The drug resistance rate of E.coli was 0 to imipenem,the drug resistance rate to piperacillin/tazobactam varied between 7.29% and 6.69%,ampicillin/sulbactam ranging from 38.56% to 34.84%,ampicillin and cefazolin higher than 87.0%.The drug resistance rate to aztreonam,ceftriaxone,sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim,cefotrximl,ciprofloxacin,and levofloxacin varied as high as from 60.00% to 77.00%.CONCLUSION E.coli is highly resistant to the most antibacterial agents.The rational use of antibacterial agents should be strengthened so as to achieve a good treatment effect.


WMI technology is used in Ad Hoc network management system to efficiently manage Ad Hoc network,and solve the problems of self organization,dynamically reconfigurable network topology and limited resource.The clustering algorithm based on GPS of Ad Hoc network is improved through information of nodes extracted by WMI,after applying this algorithm in Ad Hoc network the system stabilization is improved.WMI for Ad Hoc networks management can extract the information of nodes and monitor the situation of network,and solve the problems of mobility management caused by nodes movement.


The study on catalytic pyrolysis decomposition of Shorea leprosula wood biomass to form aromatic compounds in fast pyrolysis was performed by pyrolytic-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) - electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to analyze the chemical compound and solid residue microstructure. Py-GC/MS and TEM-EELS analysis showed that the fast pyrolysis increased the decomposition of hardwood, in which in the presence of ZSM-5 catalyst, the liquid products from wood decomposition was then diffused into the pore of ZSM-5 catalyst to form aromatics including benzene, toluene, styrene, naphthalenes and indanes. The carbonaceous solid compounds or cokes were not deposited on the surface of pores of ZSM-5 catalyst in the fast pyrolysis, as shown by the EELS spectrum that exhibited no detection of any solid carbonaceous compound in the solid residue.


According to discuss on detection method of the data treatment on displacement measurement system,it gets a simple,easy and result reliable calibration method,discusses on relationship between the random variable error,instrument serving life and operation state in practical measurement.


Final report on the US DOE CARAT program describes innovative R & D conducted by Superior Graphite Co., Chicago, IL, USA in cooperation with researchers from the Illinois Institute of Technology, and defines the proper type of carbon and a cost effective method for its production, as well as establishes a US based manufacturer for the application of anodes of the Lithium-Ion, Lithium polymer batteries of the Hybrid Electric and Pure Electric Vehicles. The three materials each representing a separate class of graphitic carbon, have been developed and released for field trials. They include natural purified flake graphite, purified vein graphite and a graphitized synthetic carbon. Screening of the available on the market materials, which will help fully utilize the graphite, has been carried out.


Abstract Verbena canadensis 'Homestead Purple' and 'Taylortown Red' were treated with one or two spray applications of the plant growth regulator (PGR) Pistill (ethephon) at 0, 250, 500, 750, or 10...


Ionization phenomena in a spatilly isolated neutral gas clod interacting with a gun-produced plasma stream was studied using an optical spectrometer, a Kerr cell camera and an image converter camera. Helium gas cloud is ionized by hydrogen or helium plasma stream, but not ionized by nitrogen or argon plasma stream. It is revealed that a neutral gas cloud is ionized by electrons heated in a shock wave created in the mutual gas cloud-plasma stream interaction. Observing H in the interaction of hydrogen plasma stream with various gas clouds, the intensity of H is the strongest when hydrogen plasma stream interacts with helium gas cloud. This is explained by excitation transfer.


MD5 algorithm takes an important position in the application of password authentication. This essay analyses the security features of the passport authentication and the methods of application safety improvement of MD5 algorithm in password authentication, on the basis of which, it focuses on the methods of the application safety improvement of MD5 in the passport authentication by switching or interfering with the treatment process of MD5.


: Quality management is a key component towards achieving supply chain performance of an organization. Supply chain management is primarily concerned with managing relationships with suppliers and customers to provide the best customer value. Effective integration of the supply chain conceptually allows participants to recognize a significant competitive advantage derived from enhancements in responsiveness and cost reduction, leading to improved performance and profitability. The main objective of this study was to establish the effects of supply chain quality management practices on the performance of SACCOs in Nakuru County. This study adopted a descriptive study research design in that it enables generalization of research findings to a much larger population. The study targeted the procurement officers, credit officers, Human resource managers and finance managers at the 15 SACCOs in Nakuru County.  Since the population of the study is small and easily accessible as the entire targeted deposit taking SACCOs are in Nakuru town hence a census was conducted. Primary data was gathered through administration of open and closed ended structured questionnaires to respondents. The structured questionnaires were administered and distributed to respondents through the drop and pick later method. Frequency tables, percentages, means and standard deviation were used to present the findings. The study found out that SACCOs had identified overall best practices for their operations, analyzes the gap in its performance expectations, conducts self-assessment of its strengths and weaknesses, SACCOs had procurement orders originating from employees who help in procuring essential goods, SACCOs had collaborations with other organizations, integrated its supply chain system with those of its suppliers and this provided linkages with other key stakeholders and that SACCOs outsource inventory control systems, supply chain management system personnel. SACCOs outsource consultancy services on how to reduce operational costs. It was also established that SACCOs outsource paperwork and accounting services, tracking and auditing services in order to improve performance of SACCOs. The study concludes that benchmarking enhance the overall performance of the SACCOs by creating awareness of industry good practices and supports the quest for a competitive position, employee involvement in supply chain procurement is very essential to both the SACCOs and the employees because it leads staff commitment and SACCOs are moving towards integration with their suppliers to improve on their supply chain performance. The study recommends that for the success in benchmarking activities, the SACCOs should be cautious in order to adapt to the changes in the external environment, offer training to all personnel within the organizations on procurement, should put in place a proactive system that would integrate quality from suppliers, to the organization itself and downstream to its customers and that supply chain professionals in the SACCOs should embrace collaborative relationships with their suppliers so as to optimize their supply chain costs.


Individuals whose international (human) rights are violated outside their state of nationality often have very limited means to address such violations. For instance, the foreign nationals detained by the United States in Guantanamo Bay have been unable to improve their situation themselves. Their state of nationality however can protect them through the exercise of diplomatic protection, thereby invoking the international responsibility of the host state for a violation of international law. This mechanism has been subject to debate and criticism in recent years because of its (alleged) state-centred and its discretionary nature. Through an analysis of the nature of diplomatic protection, in particular the legal fiction, the modalities of its exercise and its relation to the general law of state responsibility, and its application in international and national practice the position of diplomatic protection in current international law is defined and the question of whether it is an appropriate mechanism for the protection of individual (human) rights is answered positively. Resort to this mechanisms by states should be encouraged in order to increase protection against violations of individual (human) rights.Individuals whose international (human) rights are violated outside their state of nationality often have very limited means to address such violations. For instance, the foreign nationals detained by the United States in Guantanamo Bay have been unable to improve their situation themselves. Their state of nationality however can protect them through the exercise of diplomatic protection, thereby invoking the international responsibility of the host state for a violation of international law. This mechanism has been subject to debate and criticism in recent years because of its (alleged) state-centred and its discretionary nature. Through an analysis of the nature of diplomatic protection, in particular the legal fiction, the modalities of its exercise and its relation to the general law of state responsibility, and its application in international and national practice the position of diplomatic protection in current international law is defined and the question of whether it is an appropriate mechanism for the protection of individual (human) rights is answered positively. Resort to this mechanisms by states should be encouraged in order to increase protection against violations of individual (human) rights.


A VECTOR CHANNEL BASED APPROACH TO MIMO RADAR WAVEFORM DESIGN FOR EXTENDED TARGETS Amanda Joan Angell Daniel Old Dominion University, 2015 Director: Dr. Dimitrie C. Popescu Radar systems have been used for many years for estimating, detecting, classify ing, and imaging objects of interest (targets). Stealthier targets and more cluttered environments have created a need for more sophisticated radar systems to gain more precise information about the radar environment. Because modern radar systems are largely defined in software, adaptive radar systems have emerged that tailor system parameters such as the transmitted waveform and receiver filter to the target and environment in order to address this need. The basic structure of a radar system exhibits many similarities to the structure of a communication system. Recognizing the parallel composition of radar systems and information transmission systems, initial works have begun to explore the application of information theory to radar system design, but a great deal of work still remains to make a full and clear connection between the problems addressed by radar systems and communication systems. Forming a comprehensive definition of this connection between radar systems and information transmission systems and associated problem descriptions could facilitate the cross-discipline transfer of ideas and accelerate the development and improvement of new system design solutions in both fields. In par ticular, adaptive radar system design is a relatively new field which stands to benefit from the maturity of information theory developed for information transmission if a parallel can be drawn to clearly relate similar radar and communication problems. No known previous work has yet drawn a clear parallel between the general multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system model considering both the detection and estimation of multiple extended targets and a similar multiuser vec tor channel information transmission system model. The goal of this dissertation is to develop a novel vector channel framework to describe a MIMO radar system and to study information theoretic adaptive radar waveform design for detection and estimation of multiple radar targets within this framework. Specifically, this dissertation first provides a new compact vector channel model for representing a MIMO radar system which illustrates the parallel composition of radar systems and information transmission systems. Second, using the proposed framework this dissertation contributes a compressed sensing based information the oretic approach to waveform design for the detection of multiple extended targets in noiseless and noisy scenarios. Third, this dissertation defines the multiple ex tended target estimation problem within the framework and proposes a greedy signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) maximizing procedure based on a similar ap proach developed for a collaborative multibase wireless communication system to optimally design waveforms in this scenario.


By the introduction of our country national library and each organization section,and to understand of the national library of the United States and England,we analyze that how to get the position of our country national library,and how to establish system of each section.


Field experiments were conducted' during rainy season of 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the effect of phosphorus levels and sources with and without FYM in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Phosphorus application significantly enhanced growth determinants and seed yield of soybean. Application of 60 kg P20/ha significantly improved plant height, branches/plant, nodules/plant, nodule wt./plant, dry matter accumulation (DMA)/p1ant and seed yield over 30 kg P20/ha. The PARP and PARP+PSB application observed to be equally effective to SSP in terms of dry matter accumulation and seed yield. AppBcation of FYM significantly improved various growth par.ameters except branches/ plant and seed yield. INrRODUcnON Soybean is a highly exhaustive crop and requires higher amount of nutrient particularly P for its optimum production (Wadodkar et aL, 1996). The response of soybean to P has been well documented (Nimje and Seth, 1988 and Abbas et ai., 1994). Recent rapid escalation in the cost of conventional phosphatic fertilizers like SSP, DAP and nitrophosphate etc. restricted their use by sizeable poor farming community. Udaipur rock phosphate (URP) is an indigenous material and less efficient than soluble P sources. Efficiency of rock phosphate could be agronomically enhanced by adding some acidulating materials (Tiwari etai., 1988). The efficiency of RP has been reported to increase when applied with FYM (Minhas and Tripathi, 1986). On neutral to alkaline soils, efficiency of RP could be improved by the use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Gaur, 1985). In this light, the present study was undertaken to adjudge the effects of P sources of various levels with and without FYM on growth determinants and productivity of soybean. MATERIAL AND METHODS Field experiments were conducted • C.S.w.R.!., Avikanagar 304 SOl, India. during the rainy season of 1997 and 1998 at Agronomy Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The soil was clay loam in texture, alkaline in reaction (pH 7.8) having bulk density 1.36 Mg M-3. It was medium in available N-270 and available P-17.2 kg/ha and high in available K-390 kg/ha. Soybean' was raised with 3 levels of P (30, 60 and 90 kg P20s/ha), 4 sources of P (single superphosphate, Udaipur rock phosphate, partially acidulated rock phosphate and partially acidulated rock phosphate + phosphate solubilizing bacteria) 2 levels of FYM (0 and 10 t/ha) along with absolute control and sole FYM application @ 10 t/ha for efficiency comparisons. These treatments were tested in factorial randomised block design replicated four times. Available P content of URP and partially acidulated rock phosphate (PARP) was 17.8 and 33.8% Pps' respectively. Bacillus megatherium, @ 5 g/kg seed was used for seed inoculation as P solubilizer. All the P sources were applied at spwing as per treatment. A uniform application of N was made @ 30 kg/ ha at s0wing through urea. Soybean cv. JS 335 was sown at a row distance of 45 cm and plant to plant distance of 8-10 cm. 124 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESFARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION thereby improving plant height, branches/plant 1> Levels: Increasing levels of P up to' and higher number ofleaves/plant ultimately 60 kg/ha significantly improved plant height resulted in improved dry matter accumulation. of soybean and branches/plant at harvest, These results are in conformity of findings of nodules/plant and nodule dry weight / plant Pant eta/. (1995). Phosphorus deficiency has at 60 DAS during both the years except been shown to restrict severely the nodulation branches /plant in 1997. However, nodules/ process in soybean. Phosphorus has specific plant in 1997 responded sign~ficantly.uP. to role in nodule initiation, growth and function 90 kg P20Slha (Table 1)..Inc~~s1Og application in addition to its role in host plant growth «srael, of P up to 90 kg!ha slgmflcantly enhanced 1987) A significant and positive correlation biomass accumulation/plant at initi~ lag period betw~n nodules/plant, nodules dry wt./plant, (30 DAS), however at successive stages, d tt I ti (DMA) and P I Is signif~nt increase was recorded up to 60 kg ry rna er accu~ua on eve pps!ha, except at 60 DAS in 1998, leading f~rt~e.r sUb~tanbated the .results (~able 2). to increase in final biomass/plant by 8.0 per Slgmflc~nt.Improv~ment tn.se~d Yield was cent ·over 30 kg P20/ha (Fig. 1). The crop noted W1~ Increase In P apphca~on up to 60 attained maximum dry matter at 90 DAS at all kg/ha dunng both the years. ThiS was due to the P levels. Such positive improvement in favourable influence of plant height and DMA growth parameters under increased P as evident from positive and significant application might be due to increased metabolic correlation between seed yield and plant height processes in plants resulting greater and DMA (Table 2). The results are in close meristematic activities and apical growth accordance with Dashora and Jain (1994). Table 1. Effect of levels and sources of phosphorus with and without FYM on growth parameters and seed yield of soybean Treatments Plant height Branches/plant Nodules/plant Nodule dry wt./ Seed yield at harvest (cm) at harvest at 60 DAS plant (rng) at 60 DAS (q/ha) . 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 Absolute control 57.2 53.3 6.1 4.3 28.0 24.3 115.0 84.0 11.74 9.69 Rest treatments 66.3 63.5 6.6 5.5 37.4 31.7 147.9 109.0 14.35 13.41 'F'Test .. •• NS • •• .. •• •• • FYM(Sole) 62.1 58.6 6.5 4.6 31.6 26.8 127.0 99.7 12.26 10.93 P treatments 66.4 63.7 6.6 5.5 377.7 31.9 148.8 109.4 14.42 13.52 'F'Test NS NS NS •• .. •• .. NS • • P Levels (kg PPs/ha) 30 62.6 59.9 6.4 5.2 34.1 28.3 137.8 . 102.1 13.02 12.52 60 67.4 64.7 6.6 5.6 38.9 33.1 157.8 119.3 15.06 13.79 90 69.3 66.4 6.9 5.8 40.2 34.3 150.9 106.9 15.18 14.25 CD 5% 2.49 2.80 NS 0.33 1.23 1.24 6.10 6.93 0.795 0.865 P Souces SSP 67.7 64.8 6.7 5.6 37.8 32.1 147.7 111.4 15.31 14.47 URP 64.5 61.3 6.5 5.4 37.1 31.8 146.9 103.5 13.01 lUI" PARP 66.7 63.8 6.6 5.3 36.6 31.9 147.2 109.6 14.62 13.68 PARP+PSB 67.0 64.8 6.7 5.7 39.4 31.7 153.4 113.1 14.75 14.21 CD 5% NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 0.919 0.999 FYM (t/ha) 0 63.4 61.3 6.5 5.4 35.2 30.5 138.7 103.8 13.83 12.23 10 69.5 66.0 6.8 5.6 40.2 33.2 158.9 114.9 15.01 14.80 CD 5% 2.03 2.29 NS NS' 1.01 1.01 4.98 7.40 0.649 0.707 • and •• : Significant at 5 and 1 % level of probability, respectively. Vol. 36, No.2. 2002 125


Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an inflammatory skin disease. The pathogenesis of CSU is still not completely understood in most cases. The association between CSU and obesity suggests a potential role for adipokines, mainly leptin, which have variable proinflammatory function. Objective: To assess serum leptin levels in CSU patients and their relation to disease activity. Patients and Methods: A case-control study, involving 60 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and 30 controls, was conducted at the Allergy Clinic of Ain Shams University hospital. CSU patients were graded as mild, moderate, and severe according to urticaria activity score 7(UAS7). The serum leptin levels were compared among different study groups. Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher among CSU patients than control group (p<0.001), with a positive correlation with urticaria activity (P value <0.001 and r = 0.691). Conclusion: Serum leptin levels are increased in CSU, leptin could have an important role in the pathogenesis of CSU.


Introduction: Teaching and learning in medical education has always been challenging for medical educators. There are various teaching and learning methods used in medical education with inherent strengths and limitations of each method. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of peer-assisted learning (PAL) and lecture method in medical students in a teaching hospital in Delhi. Materials and Methods: An intervention comparative study was conducted to assess the effect of PAL as compared to conventional lecture method among undergraduate medical students. Out of 250 students, only one batch of 50 was selected for the intervention. The students of the same batch were taught two different topics in community medicine - occupational health and malaria. Occupational health was taught using lecture as a teaching method. Malaria was taught using assisted-learning method where groups of students were told to prepare and discuss among themselves. Ten multiple-choice questions were prepared on each topic for evaluation of their learning in cognitive domain. Scores were calculated before and after the interventions and compared. Paired t-test was used in pre-and post-intervention scores whereas between the two methods scores, Mann Whitney U test was used. Results: Out of 50, only 36 students had complete pre and post evaluation questionnaire. There were 20 male and 16 female students. Mean (SD) pre-score for lecture method was 3.22 (1.75) and post-score was 4.94 (1.39). The difference in pre-and post-scores was statistically significant with p-value=0.001. The mean (SD) pre-score for PAL was 4.27 (1.77) and post-score was 5.65 (1.67). The difference in pre-and post-scores was statistically significant with p value=0.002. This shows that there was no significant difference in two teaching methods when differences in pre-and post-scores were compared. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both lectures and PAL are effective ways of teaching in medical education which can fulfill different needs of students. A combination of both can be used in medical institutions.


Let A be a 3D symmetric elasticity tensor not necessary isotropic. If µ is an invariant measure on SO(3), then µ is a convex combinaison of the Haar measure. The nearest isotropic elasticity tensor is obtained by integrating the tensor A on the rotation group SO(3). For the numerical approach, we integrate the elasticity tensor on the unit ordinary ball B(0, 1).


Accurate retrieval of entries from large directories is a difficult task. Practical systems attempt to achieve acceptable performance using dialog to restrict the size of the directory. For instance, knowledge of city and state can be used to restrict the entries in a telephone number retrieval application. It is shown that it is advantageous to use a voice form-filling paradigm in which the user speaks all the field entries, first name, last name, city, and state, in a single utterance. A two-pass method for form-filling presented recently (S. Parthsarathy et al., 2005) is evaluated on the directory retrieval task. A delayed network expansion and pruning method is proposed to improve the efficiency of short-list generation in the form-filling algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that sentence accuracies greater than 85% can be achieved on directory sizes of up to 8 million entries, with modest computing requirements.


The microparticle content (MP%) of apheresis platelets—a marker of platelet activation—is influenced by donor factors and by external stressors during collection and storage. This study assessed the impact of apheresis technology and other factors on the activation status (MP%) of single‐donor apheresis platelets.


This is a book which searches out the mystical, the bewitched, the romance and the emotional destitution of football. It incorporates stories and events such as the suicide of Abdon Porte, who shot himself in the centre circle of the Nacional Stadium; the rise of Bobby Charlton, spared from the Munich disaster to achieve glory on the world stage; the Argentinian manager who wouldn't feed his team chicken because it would bring bad luck; and the Russian goalkeeper who prepared his mind and his nerves with a cigarette and a dash of spirits before each game.


Fray Francisco Palóu, O.F.M. immortalized himself and his hero when he wrote and published his Relación Histórica de la Vida y Apostólicas Tareas del Venerable Padre Fray Junípero Serra. The intimacy between author and hero through the years 1740 and 1784, began in the latter's classroom at Palma, Mallorca, and ended at his deathbed in Carmel, California. The friendly association of Serra and Palóu continued undiminished in the pursuit of scholarship, the Franciscan way of life, travel and pioneering, the founding and administration of missions, in correspondence and mútual counsel. The younger man survived. Being author as well as missionary, he followed the impulse to write and to record for posterity the classic story of the founding of a famous mission field and to delineate the heroic deeds of its dominating personality. The Vida was the flowering of a fine, fraternal friendship.


Objective: To study the relationship between the changes of blood pressure levels at the acute stage of ischemic stroke and prognosis.Methods: Prospective cohort studies were used to register the patients with ischemic cerebral stroke hospitalized by the Neurology Department of the First,Second,Third and Fourth Affiliated hospitals of Baotou Medical College respectively and the hospital of Baotou Iron and Steel Group from October 2011 to April 2014. Their blood pressure levels were continuously observed for the first 3 days and they were followed up for 3 months and 6 months respectively with death,disability,and recurrence recorded. Results: 1,150 cases were included in the study. A U-shaped relationship was found between blood pressure levels and prognosis during the first three days after admission. That is the relationship between systolic blood pressure( SBP) and prognosis was U-typed,which showed the death,disability and recurrence rates were the lowest when SBP was 140 ~ 159 mm Hg and they would increase above or below the range. The difference was significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Blood pressure levels at the acute stage of ischemic stroke are closely related with death,disability and recurrence,so the treatment for blood pressures should be given cautiously during the first 3 days after admission.


While installing applications on mobiles devices, we may face issues due to the limit of the device resources. In this paper, we propose AxSeL: A conteXtual Service Loader that considers services-oriented applications and loads them from a distant repository. Services dependencies are represented in a graph that is coloured considering the devices and services constraints. The graph colouring aims to take services loading decisions.


The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) is yet again on the U.S. policy radar screen. Despite President Barack Obama's declared intention to ''extend a hand'' to adversaries who would unclench their fist, Kim Jong-il decided to challenge rather than reciprocate. In a series of orchestrated, disproportionate actions justified as retaliation for the United Nations Security Council's condemnation of an attempted satellite launch in early April 2009, North Korea walked away from every denuclearization measure painfully and incompletely negotiated during the Bush administration's second term in office. On April 13, 2009, only hours after a non-binding Security Council presidential statement was issued, the DPRK described the statement as ''an unbearable insult to our people and a criminal act never to be tolerated,'' asserted that it would never return to the Six-Party Talks, and that it would ''boost its nuclear deterrent for self-defense in every way.'' Pyongyang declared that it would convert its entire inventory of plutonium into weapons, resume operations at its Yongbyon nuclear complex, and test intercontinental ballistic missiles. It again expelled inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as well as U.S. personnel facilitating the disablement process at the reactor and associated facilities. The North also announced that it would accelerate pursuit of an enriched uranium capability, a program whose existence it had long denied. North Korea's second nuclear test on May 25, 2009 was the centerpiece of its policy retrogression. According to preliminary U.S. estimates, the test had an explosive yield appreciably greater than the first nuclear test of October 2006. Though the explosion did not constitute definitive evidence of a deliverable


The paper analyzes some reconstructing and housing practices elaborated and implemented by a part of the population involved in the earthquake that hit the north-eastern portion of the Po Valley-Emilia lowland (20-29 May 2012). Through an ethnographic research and starting from the analysis of the concepts of "crisis" and "disaster", will be investigated the connection between man and environment - in particular the relationship between individuals and the housing and the ways in which disaster-affected people think about and "make" after the earthquake. By considering the creative aspect of these forms, will be describe the strategies and alternative practices put in place by the subjects in order to reinterpret the strategies of post-disaster reconstruction management imposed by their socio-political system.


Among the various forms of pulmonary vasculitis are microscopic polyangiitis, Takayasu's arteritis, Behcet's syndrome and Henoch-Schonlein purpura, as well as those forms related to rheumatologic diseases. The diagnosis is made through analysis of clinical manifestations, together with radiological and pathological findings. Descritores: Vasculite; Arterite de Takayasu; Sindrome de Behcet; Purpura de Schonlein-Henoch; Doencas do colageno


At present, the tape encoder and ring encoder are a new types of the position transducers. In this paper e describe the principle of them. The paper also introduces their installation and operation on the 2.16m telescope. They improve the precision of the pointing and tracing, thereby the telescope effeciency is enhanced effectively.


book that draws upon as many publicly available primary and secondary sources as possible. They had intended the book to be read online and onscreen so that readers could click on references and go straight to the original source. It is a great shame that such an edition did not come to fruition. Nonetheless, readers can relatively easily locate the references – particularly those held on www.londonlives. org and www.oldbaileyonline.org, which largely underpin its conclusions – since the London Lives and Old Bailey individual document references are given as well as instructions for locating the individual biographies ('sets'). The bibliography is arranged so that publicly available sources can be found. This is a very readable and yet densely researched book and one that provides the poor and the criminal with even more agency than that awarded by other historians in recent years. It will be of particular interest to readers of Urban History given the location of its focus and its insistence upon the peculiarity of London. It will be of use to students undertaking undergraduate and postgraduate courses and to scholars researching the metropolis in the eighteenth century. This is a book about crime waves and moral panics, the rule of the mob, the gin craze and a broad spectrum of 'celebrities' from the highwayman James Maclene, the thieftaker general Jonathan Wild and the first high-profile lawyer William Garrow, and the 'new' 'celebrities' of the authors' making: Thomas Limpus and Mary Cut-andCome-Again.


1. Cassiere, Ernst: The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, USA, Yale Univ. Press, 1953. 2. Steiner, George: After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation, U.K., Oxford Univ. Press, 1975. 3. Kelly, George: The Psychology of Personal Constructs, USA, Norton, 1955. 4. Oakshott, Michael: On Human Conduct, U.K., Clarendon, 1975. 5. Riley, D., and Cohen, H.: "Psychodynamics in a Case of Homicide", This Journal, 21, 26-30, 1977. 6. Rowe, Dorothy: The Experience of Depression, U.K., Wiley, 1978.


Visualizing molecular crystalline domains and influence of substrate defects are important in understanding the charge transport in organic thin film devices. Vacuum evaporated tetracene films of four monolayers on hydrogen‐terminated Si(001)‐2 × 1 substrate, as a prototypical system, have been studied with ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), transverse shear microscopy (TSM), friction force microscopy (FFM), and low‐energy electron microscopy (LEEM). Two differently oriented in‐plane lattice domains are found due to the symmetry of the substrate lattice, with no visible azimuthal twist between adjacent molecular layers in surface islands, indicating significant bulk‐like crystallization in the film. Meanwhile, two types of subdomains are observed inside of each in‐plane lattice domain. The subdomains are anisotropic in shape, and their sizes and distribution are highly influenced by the substrate atomic steps. TSM and FFM measurements indicate that these subdomains result from molecule‐tilt orderings within the bulk‐like lattice domains. TSM evidently shows a sensitivity to probe vertical molecule‐tilt anisotropy for the molecular crystals, in addition to its known ability to map the lateral lattice orientations.


The short guava shelf life is the main problem that affects commercialization of fruits, either in national or international markets. The 1-MCP is known as an ethylene blocker. This work was carried out to determine the effects of 1-MCP over attributes of quality of 'Kumagai' guavas. The guavas were harvested with the skin color changing from dark-green to light-green stage, presenting: firmness (N) 85 and skin color (h°) 117, without injuries. Fruits were exposed to 0, 100, 300, 900 nL.L-1 of 1-MCP for 3 hours. Later the fruits were kept in room temperature of 22±2 °C and 80-90 % RH for 12 days. The treatments delayed the skin color and firmness changes, and also delayed the increase of ascorbic acid and sugar; the weight loss, titratable acidity and incidence of rots were not affected. The respiratory rate and ethylene production were suppressed reaching the lowest values with the highest concentration of the product. The application of 1-MCP from 300 to 900 nL.L-1, during 3 hours, extended the shelf life of guavas 'Kumagai'.


A graph is called (edge)-SIT if for some probability measure on paths, the number of mutual edges in two independent paths has finite mean. We show that transience is equivalent to the property of (edge)-SIT.


Kinases and phosphatases are key regulatory proteins in the cell. The disruption of their activities leads ultimately to the abolishment of the homeostasis of the cell, and is frequently correlated ...


A dilution source sampling system was used to quantify the organic air pollutant emissions from commercial-scale meat charbroiling operations. Emission rates of gas-phase volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, and high molecular weight particle-phase organic compounds were simultaneously quantified on a single compound basis. Fine particle mass emission rates and fine particle elemental chemical composition were measured as well. Emission rates of 120 organic compounds, spanning carbon numbers from C1 to C29 were quantified including n-alkanoic acids, n-alkenoic acids, carbonyls, lactones, alkanes, aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkenes, and steroids. Ethylene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde were found to be the predominant light gas-phase organic compounds emitted from the charbroiling operations. n-Alkanoic acids, n-alkenoic acids, and carbonyls made up a significant fraction of the quantified semivolatile and particle-phase organic compound emissions. Meat charbroilin...


In this expository paper, we introduce the classification of crystallographic root systems and Coxeter systems. We then discuss the Catalan numbers, and develop motivation for the definition of a cluster algebra. Finally, we introduce a theorem that allows us to count the number of clusters in a cluster algebra, and discuss an enumerative problem.


Abstract : A reflective optical infinity display system was designed and fabricated. Special features of the display include very large plastic mirrors and a high-brightness, high-resolution television monitor. The plastic mirrors provided a large weight reduction compared to their glass equivalents and the monitor provided the very high brightness levels that this type of display requires. Size of the overall display system was largely established by the requirement that the unit be designed to operate with a C-130E simulator. (Author)


Perhaps we are too accustomed to journalistic interviews in which we serendipitously fish for information. Or perhaps instruction in mass communications research has failed to stress the importance of a wellconstructed questionnaire. Whatever the reason, a significant number of mail questionnaires violate simple rules of construction and use. Many are from students. Some are from educators. A few are from the media. Most seek information more easily obtainable elsewhere, request data of an apparently trivial nature, or ask broad questions suggesting the questioner does not know what he wants. Such spurious mail questionnaires raise questions about the quality of courses in mass communications research, embarrass serious researchers and irritate recipients. Further, as Maxwell E. McCombs noted, "The typical descriptive 'whack' based on a mail questionnaire makes little contribution to our understanding of journalism or mass communications."' On my desk now are three questionnaires: One from an instructor in mass media; one from a staffer on a large newspaper; one from the chairman of a journalism department. One requests "specifically" a copy of the university's bulletin plus "reports on teaching and testing methods, bibliographical source material, professor backgrounds, student projects and other activities." One asks for a description of all courses the university offers in a certain field, a copy


It is the task of a Development Economist to analyse the development challenges of Sri Lanka, however I am glad that I was accorded this opportunity to pay my attention to the challenges Sri Lanka faces in reaching the higher global standards of development. I will discuss the development challenges of Sri Lanka, and how research can address these issues briefly. Then I will pay attention to the innovation capacity of Sri Lanka and the issues encountered by our researchers. Finally I will discuss the changing working environment of the researchers and how the university libraries can ease their burden through a shift in the service paradigm.


Kant's practical postulate for the existence of God is puzzling for several reasons: first, he denies that it provides any cognition of the existence or nature of God as a being in itself, second, Kant stresses the practical nature of the postulate as contributing to performance of our duties, and third, Kant even seems on occasion to indicate that our postulate of God does not correspond to any reality but is a merely a thought. In my paper I advance the argument that Kant's postulate of God is best understood as an extensionless concept that serves to unify various other moral concepts and moral obligations but that has no referent itself. I make this argument by noting the relation of the postulate to the purpose of practical, as opposed to theoretical, philosophy, and by examination of the regulative role of reason in general, and by invoking contemporary constructivist theology. In order to show this point I first examine the nature of a postulate by comparing postulates to transcendental hypotheses (A772 / B800) and to beliefs (A827 / B855) from the Critique of Pure Reason . I second examine the use to which Kant puts the postulate of the existence of God as "immanent . . . for practical purposes" and "only in reference to the moral law and for the sake of it" (5:133) in the Critique of Practical Reason . Third, I look at the role that the postulate of God plays in Kant's Opus Postumum and other texts from the 1790s to show that Kant came more and more to argue that the postulates have this functional rather than referential role. Throughout the paper I discuss the nature of practical philosophy – directed toward the free use of our wills – as distingushed from theoretical philosophy – directed toward knowledge of objects. I note how this solution could make Kant a metaphysical naturalist. I also touch on contemporary issues in theology related to the role of human construction of systems of concepts to help them make sense of the world they experience in the context of a greater mystery that defies conceptualization.


Our primary objective is predicting the future trends for stock market data with machine learning. We present a new innovative prediction model, based on centuries old Japanese candlesticks and modern NLP algorithm Word2Vec. Suggested model constructs a simple language of Japanese candlesticks with a very limited vocabulary. In the following steps the prediction model uses Word2Vec to discover semantic context of each word within the language vocabulary. To test the model we develop a simulation tool that takes into account the most important aspect of stock market trading -- trade fees. To compare the success of the suggested prediction model we also develop simple TA models such as: Buy and Hold, Simple Moving Averages and MACD. Analysis of the results show the superiority of suggested prediction model over previously mentioned models in the test data-set. Additional testing is done with validation data-set in order to verify the results.


![Graphic][1]

A cell lacking centrosomes (left) can still undergo mitosis (right). Centrosomes are dynamic leaders that propel the cell cycle forward. Or are they followers swept along by change? On page

[173][2], Uetake et al. offer evidence that reconciles these disparate views.


A beverage comprising at least one nutritive sweetener and art add combination comprising at least a first acid and a second acid is provided. The acid combination increases sweetness of the beverage, reduces sourness of the beverage, increases intensity of a flavor of the beverage, improves mouthfeel of the beverage, or combinations thereof as compared to the beverage without, the acid combination and comprising an equivalent molar amount of citric acid. Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a reduced calorie beverage devoid of high intensive sweeteners.


Background & objectives: The tendency of humans, especially women, to have the beautiful appearance, has increased the use of the chemical hair colors. Heavy metals such as lead, arsenic and nickel are present in these products as a preservative and colorant. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of these elements in Iranian and foreign hair colors brands and compare them. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Four Iranian and four foreign brands of hair colors were selected and collected from the hairdresser's of Hamadan. After the acid digestion process, the concentration of three elements of lead, arsenic and nickel was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy and reported as micrograms per kilogram of dry weight. SPSS 24 software was used for statistical analysis and independent t-test and ANOVA were used for comparing Iranian and foreign brands. Results: The mean concentrations of lead, arsenic and nickel in 4 types of Iranian hair colors were 14.5, 12.01 and 8.78 (μg/kg), respectively. The mean concentrations of these three elements in 4 types of foreign hair colors were 5.39, 0.91 and 1.92 (μg/kg), respectively. There was a significant difference between the concentrations of lead, nickel and arsenic in Iranian compared to foreign hair colors (p<0.05). Conclusion: The mean concentrations of lead, nickel and arsenic in both Iranian and foreign brands were within the range suggested by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Although, the average levels of these elements in Iranian hair colors were higher than foreign brands. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to develop a national standard and control the quality of this type of cosmetics.


Background  Methotrexate (MTX) is a common and efficacious systemic agent used for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Nevertheless, its use is associated with the risk of hepatotoxicity. This study was performed to study the association of MTX dose with regards to hepatotoxicity as evidenced by deranged transaminases.


Abstract The present study sought to contribute to the discussion on linearity relationship between teaching and learning at university level. Although the basic assumption that students who are taught by effective instructors learn better is acknowledged, defining the effective instructor seems not so simple. This study attempted to (i) cluster instructors with respect to instructional practices rated by students, and (ii) identify different instructional profiles that may be associated with high learning, rather than just focusing on relationship between instructional practices and learning. Using student ratings from 625 courses in a university setting, subgroups were defined in terms of instructional practices via a segmentation approach. Then, distinct profiles showing high instructional effectiveness were extracted by investigating learning level differences as measured by the end-of-semester grades and self-reported learning levels. Results indicated that the students need not to be taught by the best instructors to reach high learning levels. Effective learning can also take place under lack of some aspects of instructional practices if other aspects receive higher ratings to compensate for the missing aspects.


Hippocampal demyelination, a common feature of postmortem multiple sclerosis (MS) brains, reduces neuronal gene expression and is a likely contributor to the memory impairment that is found in >40% of individuals with MS. How demyelination alters neuronal gene expression is unknown.


Oxidation, Substitution and Addition
Alkanes
Arenes
Alkenes
Dienes
Alkynes
Alkyl Halides
Amines
Imines and Derivatives
Azides
Nitro Compounds
Nitrothioalkenes
Ethers
Sulfides
Alcohols
Diols
Amino Alcohols
Azido Alcohols
Phenols
Aldehydes and Derivatives
Ketones
Hemiacetals and Lactols
Acetals
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
Amides
Nitriles

Keywords:

amides;
carboxylic acids;
cyanides;
esters;
lactams;
lactones


NASA's Mars Science Laboratory lander (MSL) has measured simultaneous fluctuations in wind and atmospheric pressure, caused by passing convective vortices. We present a method for fitting a theoretical vortex model to these pressure and wind measurements. Our first results show that the model is in good agreement with the data.


There are particular features in CIMS for refinery.This paper describes the features of data,CIMS frame and modeling skills for refinery.These techniques described have been successfully applied to Zhenhai Refining Chemical Company.


Objective:To evaluate the suitability of statutory standard and the quality condition of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets.Methods:Using statutory methods to test the samples.Establish or improve some methods for the exploratory research:(1)Using the gradient elution method in ChP 2010 to determine the related substances for amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets.(2)LC-MS method(Agilent 1100 LC /MSD Trap)was carried on a shim-pack CLC-ODS C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm Shimazu)to study the impurities profile of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets.According to the result of this research,we established the new impurities calculation method(calculate in different division).(3)The stability of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium in solution was detected in different time and temperature.(4)Use the crossed-validation method of NIR to validate and improve the qualitative and quantitative models using in the mobile Lab vehicle,and established the quantitative model of water-detection.(5)The automated sampling dissolution analyzer(SOTAX AT7 Smart)and the new established UPLC method(Agilent Technologies 1920 Infinity UPLC)were used to research the difference of dissolution behavior of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets between domestic and foreign tablets.Rseults: The quality of domestic amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets met the requirement of current statutory standards.19 impurities were detected from the tablet.The result showed the impurities from different sources had obvious division,and the impurities of amoxicillin were eluted mainly after the peak of clavulanate in the chromatogram,whereas the impurities of clavulanate mainly before this peak.The off-standard rate of samples by using the new calculation method instead of the previous was increased significantly.The stability of the solution is not very good,especially clavulanate.Validate and improve the qualitative and quantitative models using in the mobile Lab vehicle,and established the quantitative model of water-detection.The new-established UPLC method can satisfy the requirement of fast-testing by shorting the time for an analysis program within 1 minute.The dissolution behavior of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets were different between different manufacturers.Conclusions:The quality of domestic amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets met the requirement of current statutory standards.There are still some defects in current standards,for example,the calculation method of the impurities is not very reasonable.The new-established method can be used to improve the quality specification,and is suitable for controlling the quality of this drug.


An overview of the progress made in the RDA field has been presented. The reflect-type architecture that is perhaps most useful for communication purposes is likely to be the phase-conjugating Pon array; this architecture is capable of handling nonuniform wavefronts though it suffers from a large path loss. To correct the path loss issue associated with reflect type arrays, RDAs based on phase- and power-detection were developed. The power-detecting array offers the advantage that it may be readily miniaturized, as well as adding the benefit of measuring the direction of arrival. Phase-detecting/phase-shifting architectures were found to be ideal if phase detectors were used between adjacent element pairs, as the extra phase information permitted retrodirecting nonuniform wavefronts. The next steps in RDA development involve reducing their size, while optimizing the efficiency of the components that make up their hardware.


The present three-wave panel study (N = 973, X ¯ age = 11.14) sought to advance the current literature on media internalization in preadolescence by examining triggers and consequences related to preadolescents' media internalization and use of media for appearance information. We sought to examine whether (a) media internalization and use of media for appearance information could be explained by pubertal timing and peer appearance criticism, and (b) such media internalization and use of media for information could foster dysfunctional body image investment. Structural equation analyses showed that early maturation relative to peers and peer appearance criticism predicted preadolescents' use of media for appearance information and media internalization, 6 months later. Such media use, in turn, predicted preadolescents' development of dysfunctional appearance beliefs, 6 months later. These results highlight the importance for future studies to examine whether preadolescents' reliance on appearance media stems from their need to cope with current body concerns.


The paper takes into account the rural economic reality, combines the factors such as physical Education courses, students, teachers and other social factors, and then puts forward the idea that the reform should be done starting from ideas, goals, system, P.E teaching faculty, spare-time training etc. It provides some suggestions for the physical Education reform and promotes the development of it .


After decades of a strong colonial yoke, political independence in Algeria has not meant total freedom for the oppresed people. Economically, culturally and linguistically, the population has witnessed difficulties of different sorts to face unsurmountable challenges newly independent countries encounter during their state-building phase to also achieve total independence. However, over forty years after, it is the youngest fringe of the population that is suffering from cultural void and identity problems. Caught between a failing educational system and a rent-hoder political class, the young ones are endlessly trying to find the cultural 'authenticity' their elders have been talking about for a long time, to no avail. This authenticity is but an illusion, a myth the politicians are continually using to justify their position. This constant quest has been triggered off by on the one hand, a tangible linguistic malaise due to a multilingualism ill-treated by the political and educational authorities more concerned with the management of huge flows of young citizens, than with providing more adequate quality education capable of giving them the basics to face more challenging issues: identity quest, cultural and moral values. The main purpose of the present paper is to provide an insight into the perceptions of this lost youth that has not been given enough help to face post-socialist Algeria. The State is givin up slowly whole domains that were run by it. On the other hand, these young persons are not equipped with the necessary survival kit to keep up with the new challenges the market economy is throwing at them. Finally, the young are trying to find makeshift solutions to real problems: exodus towards the Western world, black market,


objective To understand and analyze syphilis prevalence among STD ambulatory patients and some underground prostitutes and their clients from 1986 to 2001 in Shanghai and to provide decision makers with the scientific evidence to formulate the strategy of STD prevention and control.Methods The experimental data of the syphilis prevalence from 1986 to 2001 in Shanghai Dermatology Hospital were collected and analyzed.Results From 1986 to 2001,20 ,335 cases were tested with syphilis confirmation test by DFT, TPHA and FTA-ABS and 13,518 cases were found positive.The total positive rate of syphilis was 58.63% and the rate in female(70.65%) was higher than in male(51.53%).Since 1995,the number of syphilis cases have increased annually and congenital syphilis and infant's syphilis have emerged in Shanghai.Conclusions In the past 15 years,the number of syphilis cases and infection rate of syphilis increased significantly and the syphilis prevalence will continue to grow in the coming years unless effective measures are taken.


Acta Veterinaria Brasilica March 15 (2021) 41-45 ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate serum hematological and biochemical changes in obese young dogs clinically healthy. Twenty-six animals were selected, which were separated into two groups: thirteen with normal weight and thirteen with obesity. Exclusion criteria were used for the selection of groups, age between one and eight years, physical evaluation, blood count, and a questionnaire to investigate pre-existing pathologies (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, hepatic and/or renal insufficiency, congenital or acquired heart disease, locomotor problems, inflammatory and/or infectious diseases or physiological conditions such as pregnancy or lactation). 5-mL blood samples were collected from each patient by puncture of the cephalic vein in the morning after a feeding restriction of 10 hours. Hematocrit, total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, total leukocyte count, leukocyte differential count and serum albumin, total protein, globulins, ALT, ALP, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, glucose, and insulin were assessed. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the hematological assessments. Among the biochemical tests, there were significant differences in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and glucose (p ≤ 0.05).


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the usefullness of electroneurography (ENoG) as a prognostic indicator in Bell's palsy and Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Retrospective case-series review in a university-based hospital. The treatment consisted uniformly of high-dose prednisolone, dextran, vasodilators, carbogen therapy, and stellate ganglion block. Acyclovir was administered in the case of Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome. ENoG was performed 7 to 10 days in Bell's palsy and 10 to 14 days in Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome. The recovery of the facial nerve function was documented using the House-Brackmann grading system. All patients were followed up until they recovered or at least for 3 months. RESULTS: The recovery rates to House-Brackmann grade II or better were 96.3% in Bell's palsy and 84.6% in herpes zoster oticus. There was no significant difference of ENoG value between recovery and non-recovery groups in Bell's pasly and in herpes zoster oticus. The logistic regression model between ENoG values and the chance of recovery was not found in Bell's palsy and in herpes zoster oticus. CONCLUSION: Although ENoG accurately predicts the percentage of remaining motor axons of the facial nerve, it cannot give a precise information on the prognosis or recovery rate of facial paralysis


There is a general increase in incorporation of acetate carbon when excised maize root tips are aged for 3 h in a salts medium, but little further increase during a subsequent 3-h period. Addition of glucose or sucrose to the medium causes a further increase in the incorporation of acetate carbon into glutamic acid, glutamine, γ-amino butyric acid and into the protein amino acids, principal among these being glutamic, aspartic, proline, threonine, valine and the leucines. Sugars also cause a reduced incorporation of acetate carbon into asparagine. The results indicate that glucose (or sucrose) has a major effect in diverting carbon of the tricarboxylic acid cycle into glutamine and protein amino acids and away from asparagine.


II agree with Bartlett (see viXra 1419.0196) that the world doesn't need any initial inflationary period. That is because the universe was never a singularity- it always had a finite minimum size that did not need inflation to grow larger. What has been taken as hyperinflation was really an episode of E8 symmetry-breaking by electromagnetism,U(1) of an existing unbroken E8 symmetry universe.


A novel approach to the measurement of arsenic and selenium in nail phantoms is demonstrated. Two-component nail phantoms of 0.7 mm and 1.5 mm thickness were made from a polyester resin-salt mixture and dosed with equal arsenic and selenium concentrations ranging from 0 to 30 µg g−1. A backing was made to simulate the soft tissue and bone of the great toe. Characteristic x-rays for arsenic and selenium were recorded using a portable x-ray tube and a silicon PiN diode detector. The minimum instrumental detection limits for arsenic and selenium in 0.7 mm solitary nail samples were as follows: 0.510 ± 0.018 µg g−1 and 0.519 ± 0.026 µg g−1 respectively; for 1.5 mm solitary nail: 0.465 ± 0.035 µg g−1 and 0.561 ± 0.062 µg g−1; for 0.7 mm nail with backing: 1.522 ± 0.038 µg g−1 and 1.401 ± 0.049 µg g−1; for 1.5 mm nail with backing: 1.354 ± 0.054 µg g−1 and 1.367 ± 0.068 µg g−1.


A conventional branch-line coupler is flat-balanced, in terms of magnitude and phase, in a narrow frequency band due to the quarter-wave length requirement in the transmission lines. In this paper, a novel branch-line structure is presented in order to overcome this limitation. Loading the horizontal transmission lines with a pair of open-end series stubs, the magnitude and phase balance becomes flatter in a wider frequency range. However, the proposed structure cannot be fabricated, for which an equivalent circuit using edge-coupled parallel lines has been used. The measurement of this device shows a relative bandwidth of 82.5% for 2 dB magnitude and 72% for plusmn5deg phase balance condition.


Political caliber,expertise competence and management ability are always requirements for class advisors traditionally and still the main body of requirements for them nowadays.From the perspective of new horizon,the education objection changes with the time,correspondingly,the requirements for class advisors should embody new contents,such as humane quality,communication ability,propagation knowledge,aesthetic quality and scientific research competence.


By explaining the principles of constructing assessment system of higher vocational college entrepreneurship education and introducing the concept of non-profit organization marketing, the assessment system of higher vocational college entrepreneurship education should be established considering educational providers and consumers. Then assessment index system should be constructed by expert investigation which includes five aspects of faculty, teaching, management, environment, and result.An empirical research based on the teaching practice case of Zhongshan Polytechnic is carried out.


The study used data from the Spring 1996 administration of the New Standards Mathematics Reference Examination for Middle Grades to examine the instructional validity of the Reference Examination, opportunity to learn and equity in the context of the California Mathematics Renaissance program. Student and teacher responses to the opportunity to learn questionnaires and student performance were compared between the Renaissance and the non-Renaissance groups (called the multi-state group). Our results showed that Renaissance teachers had more opportunities to participate in reform-oriented professional development activities than teachers in a multi-state comparison group and that Renaissance classroom practice reflected these teacher learning opportunities. Renaissance students also showed significantly higher levels of performance on Skills and Problem Solving clusters of the New Standards examination compared to students in the multi-state group, after adjusting for student background characteristics. Furthermore, the achievement results on Skills showed a smaller performance gap between white and minority students in the Renaissance group than the multi-state group regardless of levels of SES (i.e., parent education). The results also showed a positive effect of reform-oriented instructional strategies on the outcomes in all three clusters. These results suggest the instructional validity of the New Standards Reference Examinations and a generally positive effect on equity of educational opportunity in the Renaissance program.


A dark‐field oscillatory spark microphotography technique has been developed to study with tracers the structure of the gas boundary layer in the shock tube. By using these particles as tracers, velocity profiles of the boundary layer both in laminar and turbulent regions are measured and the velocity fluctuations observed. The time and space resolution of this technique is high. Laminar velocity profiles show a significant deviation from theoretical expectations. The turbulent average velocity profiles have the usual 1/7th power variation with distance from the wall in the top 90% of the layer. The velocity of the flow within a few microns from the wall is sometimes much greater than the value predicted by Mirels assuming zero velocity at the wall. A possibility of slip flow in the shock tube is discussed. This technique allows measurements to be made as close to the wall as the size of the particle's diffraction pattern, which is about 1 μ.


This paper asserts that in a response to the Abell Foundation's "Teacher Certification Reconsidered, Stumbling for Quality," Linda Darling-Hammond mounts a considerable effort to discredit the report. It suggests that in doing so, she misrepresents the report's numerous facts and recommendations, shifting the debate off the primary concern of Abell's research: whether there is research which proves that certified teachers produce greater student achievement than do uncertified teachers. The paper also asserts that Darling-Hammond's response cites poor-quality studies. The paper specifically addresses each of Darling-Hammond's charges and assertions, providing a technical analysis that explores what Darling-Hammond referred to as poor quality research. It also looks at Darling-Hammond's analysis of studies, corrects her assertions of errors within the studies, and challenges several general points made by Darling-Hammond (e.g., misrepresentations of conversations with researchers, dismissal of studies simply because they were old, recommendation that states collect verbal ability scores only on prospective teachers who have gone to schools of education, and lack of distinction between teachers who are not certified at all and teachers who are alternatively certified) . (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


This study aims to determine the magnitude of the increase in the voltage profile of the 20.kV distribution network system of PT. PLN (Persero) Ketapang with the installation of reactive power injection equipment. The research method used is the Newton Raphson power flow method with MATLAB simulation program. From the results of these calculations, Pawan 2 and Pawan 6 load buses each have a voltage drop above 5%, which is found on 42 buses. To overcome this, reactive power injection (Qc) was carried out: 150 KVAR on bus 26 of Pawan 2, and 900 KVAR on bus 40 and 46, and 600 KVAR on bus 51 of Pawan 6. This leads to the increase in voltage drop percentage on Pawan 2 and Pawan 6, thus, the profile meets SPLN No. 72 of 1987, which is below 5%.


Last week the Obama Administration issued an executive order on guidelines for overtime pay, a measure which will help 12.5 million Americans. Thomas Hayes writes that this move is President Obama's latest effort to address inequality in America, an effort which has met with some success, despite opposition from a polarized Congress. Looking ahead to the general election, he comments that while Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders would be very likely to continue Obama's legacy with similar policy proposals geared towards tackling inequality, most of Donald Trump's policies would make inequality worse.


US military experience guides MASCAL approach, introducing: classification of MASCAL, timeline of lifesaving interventions, first pass actions prior to triage decisions, simplified triage, recognition that "ultra-MASCAL" primarily requires casualty movement and survival needs. BACKGROUND The overall approach to massive casualty triage has changed little in the past 200 years. As the military and civilian organizations prepare for the possibility of future large-scale combat operations, terrorist attacks and natural disasters, potentially involving hundreds or even thousands of casualties, a modified approach is needed to conduct effective triage, initiate treatment, and save as many lives as possible. METHODS Military experience and review of analyses from the Department of Defense Trauma Registry are combined to introduce new concepts in triage and initial casualty management. RESULTS The classification of the scale of massive casualty (MASCAL) incidents, timeline of life-saving interventions, immediate first pass actions prior to formal triage decisions during the first hour after injury, simplification of triage decisions, and the understanding that ultra-MASCAL will primarily require casualty movement and survival needs with few prehospital life-saving medical interventions are discussed. CONCLUSION Self aid, bystander, and first responder interventions are paramount and should be trained and planned extensively. Military and disaster planning should not only train these concepts, but should seek innovations to extend the timelines of effectiveness and to deliver novel capabilities within the timelines to the greatest extent possible.


The remarkable engineers and the trinity mode are important issues in higher education nowadays,and it is significant to combine to each other for the construction of novel education mode.The department of environmental engineering in western universities was taken as example,and the advice and suggestion on novel teaching mode construction were analyzed from the aspects of teaching,practice and thesis(design).The achievements will be of great value for higher education in future.


Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is a non-invasive brain stimulation method.The electrode positions and the current intensity are optimized using a finite element analysis of a four layer spherical model based on the human body anatomy to determine the electric field distribution deep in the brain and on the brain surface.The results show that the electric field intensity increases with the stimulation current increase.The electrode area is linearly related to the stimulation effective area ratio in the brain.Smaller electrodes produce a higher proportion of electric field distribution on the cortex than in the deep brain.This model can be used to select the electrode area and current intensity for the desired dose and target location.


Study on the synthesis of N methyl carbamyl chloride under different ratio of input materials and the yield of the termination products methyl isocyanate.The yield is raised from 81.89% to 86.23%.


A field experiment was conducted assess the influences of biostimuants on the yield of bush bean cv. Co (Gb) 14 at Poothurai village, Tamil Nadu during kharif season of 2019 in randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. Biostimulants adopted for the study were seaweed extract, panchagavya, chitosan and effective microorganism with two different concentrations applied as foliar spray on 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing.Results revealed that the maximum values of yield parameters viz., length of the raceme(51.2 cm), number of racemes plant-1(8.5), number of flowers raceme-1 (26.4), number of flowers (221.5), days to 50 % flowering (36.6 days), number of pods plant-1(41.6), pod length (10.6 cm), pod width (3.2 cm), single pod weight (4.6 g), number of seeds (5.2), total pod yield (12.6 t/ha), net income (Rs. 1,71,628 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.14)were recorded under the treatment of seaweed extract (5mL-1) + RDF. The RDF + 3% panchagavya proved next best treatment in respect of these parameters. Among all the biostimulants, seaweed proved superior to others in respect of flowering and yield attributes. The minimum values of all these characters were recorded under control


This case reports a patient with wrist drop, where large B-cell lymphoma was the confirmed etiology.1 However, we have some confusions about the case.


R E F E R E N C E S 1. Giacchino T, Karkia R, Ahmed H, Akolekar R. Maternal and neonatal complications following Kielland's rotational forceps delivery: a systematic review and metaanalysis. BJOG. 2023. https://doi. org/10.1111/14710528.17402 2. The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Index of Acta Obstetrica et Gynaecologica Japonica. [cited 2023 Feb 5] http://www. jsogoj.jp/searc hTo63.php 3. Parris D, Siassakos D. Are Kielland's forceps a safe option for birth? BJOG. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/14710528.17413


Optimal design of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) differential amplifier circuit using Opposition based Harmony Search technique (OHS) is reported in this work. The original Harmony Search (HS) algorithm is chosen as heart of the OHS for near-global convergence. Each solution in Harmony Memory (HM) is generated on the basis of memory consideration rule, a pitch adjustment rule and a reinitialization process which gives the optimum result corresponding to the least error fitness in multidimensional search space. Incorporation of different control parameters in basic HS algorithm results in balancing of exploration and exploitation of search space. The proposed OHS based CMOS analog amplifier circuit design has alleviated from inherent drawbacks of premature convergence and stagnation, unlike Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE). To confirm the superiority of the OHS based technique, SPICE simulation is also carried out by using the optimized parameters achieved by employing OHS. Results presented for the optimally designed amplifier circuit confirm the superiority of the proposed OHS based technique over DE, harmony search (HS), artificial bee colony (ABC) and PSO in terms of convergence speed, design criteria and design objectives. Simulation results confirm that OHS based designed amplifier circuit not only provides the least MOS transistor area, but it also provides improved gain and dissipates least power than the reported works.


Background: Obesity has been considered as one of the major epidemics of 21 st century due to its detrimental effects on homeostatic milieu of the body. Not only internal organ systems but externally our so called external barrier, skin, also gets involved. Objectives: To present a descriptive study regarding varied cutaneous manifestations in overweight (BMI=25 Kg/m 2 -29.99 Kg/m 2 ) and obese (BMI=/> 30 Kg/m 2 ) population along with their prevalence in both overweight and different grades of obesity. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 300 overweight and obese individuals, enrolled from dermatology outpatient clinic on the basis of BMI. A thorough physical and cutaneous examination of all the enrolled patients was performed by a trained dermatologist and all the cutaneous changes were noted down along with their demographic and clinical details on a set proforma. The study was approved by Institutional Review Board. Results: Out of 300 patients, 65(21.67%) were males and 235(78.33%) were females. Majority of the patients belonged to grade 1 obesity i.e. 52.67% whereas least no. of patients were of grade 3 obesity (3.33%). Acanthosis nigricans was the most commonest cutaneous change (74.67%) followed by cellulite (68%), and rogenetic alopecia (55.67%), acrochordons (46%), striae distensae (44.33%)and infections (43%). Acanthosis nigricans was leading in all the three grades of obesity with 100% involvement in grade 3 obesity. Similarly, acrochordons, keratosis pilaris, hirsutism, acne vulgaris, androgenetic alopecia, striae distensae, peizogenic pedal papules, cellulite, hidradenitis suppurativa, intertrigo, infections and psoriasis were also more common in grade 3 obesity. Conclusion: A myriad of cutaneous changes have been seen in obesity. These changes may simply have cosmetic implications for patients, but for a clinician these serve as reflection of metabolic imbalance occurring internally.


In this paper the spatial variability of transfer parameters of pollutants in groundwater is considered. The characteristics of spatial structure and random in the transfer parameters of pollutants are analyzed. The theory and method of regionalized variables to analyze and evaluate the spatial variability in the transfer parameters of pollutants are also elaborated.


ABSTRACT This study compares representative samples from a mid-Atlantic state of people who left the TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families Program) rolls in 2002 and people who returned to TANF in this same year, after being off the rolls. Previous studies showed that the work lives of the welfare poor are more stressful than those in the primary job market. Findings of this study show the quality of life of respondents was particularly related to resource deprivations, and neighborhood conditions, while suggesting relationships to employment barriers and child well-being. Returners report more barriers to employment and neighborhood issues than leavers.


The present invention discloses a preparation method for magnetic orientation and pattern. Wherein the magnetic orientation pattern preparation method comprising: providing a base layer; applying a first coating on the substrate layer, comprising a first plurality of magnetic pigments within the first coating layer; a first coating on the dried or cured; dried applying a second coating or after curing the first coating, a second coating to the first coating by swelling; the first magnetic pigment in the first coating a second coating of magnetically swollen orientation; the first coating layer a second coating layer and the second coating is dried or cured swollen to form a magnetic orientation pattern. By the above-described embodiment, the present invention can sufficiently reduce the thickness of the carrier containing the magnetic pigment layer, thereby reducing the amount of pigment. Further, the present invention can provide an excellent diversity of optical effects, special needs access to both the ink film performance, can produce magnetically induced image set.


As governments and nonprofit organizations build close partnerships for the provision of public services, they become interdependent in many ways. In particular, nonprofits' public-resource dependence has significant implications for their behavior and decisions. By examining Korean cultural nonprofit organizations (CNPOs), this article posits a theoretical framework for the impact of public-resource dependence on nonprofits' organizational autonomy and legitimacy. The empirical results of national survey data of Korean cultural nonprofits suggest that public-resource dependence has a dual effect, reducing managerial autonomy while enhancing institutional legitimacy. Korean CNPOs seem to be constrained by public funding granted by both local governments and the central government, particularly in goal setting, resource allocations, and program choices. However, public funding also helps nonprofits earn institutional legitimacy through its reputation and recognition effects.


11 The present study examines the impact of the environmental moisture structure in the lower troposphere 12 (below 2 km above sea level, ASL) on the precipitation development, observed in southern France during 13 intensive observation period 13 of the first Special Observation Period of the Hydrological cycle in the 14 Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX SOP-1), through a series of sensitivity experiments using the non15 hydrostatic numerical model Meso-NH. The control simulation (CNTL) and all the other 12 sensitivity 16 experiments examined in this study succeed in reproducing a heavy precipitation event (HPE) in the coastal 17 mountainous region of Var in south-eastern France as observed. The sensitivity experiments are designed to 18 investigate the response of the variability of the water vapour content upstream in the moist marine 19 atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and the drier air above on the HPE. The comparisons between CNTL 20 and the 12 sensitivity experiments show how the life cycle of precipitation associated with the HPE, but also 21 the upstream flow (over the sea), is modified, even for moisture contents changes of only 1 g kg−1 below 2 22 km ASL. Within the low-level wind convergence between southerlies and south-westerlies, a small increase 23 of moisture content in the MABL prolongs moderate precipitation (≥ 5 mm in 15 min) and enlarges the area 24 of weak precipitation (≥ 1 mm in 15 min). The moistening in the 1−2 km ASL layer, just above the MABL, 25 prolongs the duration of moderate precipitation, for a similar total precipitation amount as in CNTL. The 26 drier MABL and 1−2 km ASL layer shorten both the life-time of precipitation and the total precipitation 27 amount with respect to CNTL. We also found that the moisture in the MABL has a stronger impact on 28 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-707 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 23 July 2018 c © Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License.


It is a current practice for chemical analysts to use recovery in their analysis, but seldom, this source of uncertainty is evaluated. Thus, this topic takes the authors out of the comfort zone. Although recovery, in some situations, can be negligible, not always its source of uncertainty can be not. The authors discuss the uncertainty contribution of the recovery using an example the oil and grease by extraction and gravimetry in produced waters derived from petroleum extraction process. The results show that the uncertainty of the recovery can be the greatest source. It can be mainly observed when certified reference materials to evaluate the recovery have high uncertainties. Even when the recovery does not need to be computed, based on statistical tests, the relevance of the recovery, as an uncertainty source, cannot be negligible, deciding if oil and grease content meets the legal regulation.


Speed change gears are widely used in mechanical transmission system.When drawing up the transmission plan,relative parameters must be optimized reasonably in order to distribute speed by the given law.Traditionally, the hand_made speed chart and system chart are used, and then the model is formed for optimization.On the basis of numerical model of speed change gears and considering the relative error of speed change system, the target function for optimization of transmission plan by means of a computer is achieved.In this model,the minimal center distance between the gears considering restriction of geometry parameters and dynamical parameters is obtained.


This column introduces health librarians to the relatively new field of clinical disease surveillance. As such, it looks at how social media is currently being used around the world to track illnesses in real time by using key international websites such as Google Flu and HealthMaps. Clinical surveillance is a term that refers to an ongoing collection and analysis of health data about diseases that may pose a threat to public health [1]. Many international institutions, such as the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control [2], use databases and computer systems to track flu outbreaks, infection rates of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV), and bioterrorism threats. Further, according to the CDC


The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) disease Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is caused by the necrotrophic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous and causes significant yield and quality losses in several wheat growing regions. The resistance mechanisms are quantitative and progress in resistance breeding has been slow. However, gene-for-gene interactions involving necrotrophic effectors (NEs) and sensitivity genes (Snn) are involved, providing hope for more effective breeding. Although the interactions are significant determinants of seedling SNB susceptibility, their role in adult plant leaf blotch resistance in the field is less understood. In this study, the frequency of SnTox genes was investigated in 62 P. nodorum isolates collected in Norway. A panel of Norwegian and international spring wheat lines and cultivars was screened under natural SNB infection in a mist-irrigated field nursery across 7 yr. The lines were infiltrated in the greenhouse with the purified NEs SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3, and the prevalence of corresponding sensitivity was investigated, as well as correlation between NE sensitivity and resistance level in the field. The frequencies of SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3 in the isolates were 0.69, 0.53 and 0.76, respectively. Sensitivity to SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3 was present in 45, 12, and 55% of the plant material. Sensitivity to SnToxA was associated with significantly higher disease severity in the field than insensitivity. This indicates that elimination of SnToxA sensitivity in the breeding material by effector infiltrations or marker-assisted selection can be an effective way to increase field resistance to SNB. A.K. Ruud and M. Lillemo, Dep. of Plant Sciences, Norwegian Univ. of Life Sciences, Post Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; J.A. Dieseth, Graminor AS, Bjørke Gård, Hommelstadvegen 60, NO-2322 Ridabu, Norway. A.K. Ruud conducted field and infiltration experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. J.A. Dieseth developed and provided plant material and critically reviewed the manuscript. M. Lillemo planned the field experiments, conducted field phenotyping in 2010 to 2012, critically reviewed the manuscript, supervised the work, and obtained the funding. Received 9 May 2017. Accepted 22 Sept. 2017. *Corresponding author (firstname.lastname@example.com). Assigned to Associate Editor Toi Tsilo. Abbreviations: AUD, Australian dollars; DH, days to heading; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PH, plant height; NE, necrotrophic effector; SNB, Septoria nodorum blotch. Published in Crop Sci. 58:159–168 (2018). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2017.05.0281 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published January 15, 2018


The practice of modern dentistry is inconceivable without the application of local anesthesia. The dentist has various devices and procedures available for achievement of local anesthesia. It is impossible to provide effective dental care without the use of local anesthetics. This drug class has an impressive history of safety and efficacy, but all local anesthetics have the potential to produce significant toxicity if used carelessly. The purpose of this review is to update the practitioner on issues regarding the basic pharmacology and clinical use of local anesthetic formulations. Pain control is an integral part of modern dentistry.