The paper presents the construction and working principles of intelligent sensor used for detecting water, alcohol, oil and oil modified samples. The sensor consists of an intensity fibre head mounted on lift and computer measurement device with a detection block. The head works on the Fresnel reflection intensity basis and is the ending of large core polymer optical fibre. The optical signal from the head is converted in optoelectronic interface and fed into detection block. The detection is based on the pre-processed data which was passed to the neural network. The sensor inelegance is effect of simultaneous indirect examination of different physical phenomena. They occur during the head submerging, submersion, emerging and emergence in the detected medium.


Firstly,discusses the necessity of choosing new teaching material as supplements in computer professional English teaching,and discusses the types of these teaching materials.Then based-on the experience of computer English teaching,puts forward the choosing rules for choosing new teaching materials,teaching time and methods of learning.Finally,discusses what should be pay attentions to during the practice of choosing new teaching material as supply contents in computer professional English teaching.


From the pre-inquisition ratio, qualification evaluation and other aspects the general situations of construction qualification evaluation are analyzed. Practical evaluation content and standards are introduced in order to normalize and instruct qualification evaluation.


Abstract. It was Azzalini (1985) who introduced the univariate skew normal distribution family with a shape parameter , and then extended skew normal distribution family by adding an additional shape parameters . Azzalini and Dalla Valle (1996) extended the results to the multivariate case. Basic properties for the univariate and multivariate cases were summarized by Azzalini (2005). Chen and Gupta (2005) considered the matrix variate skew normal distribution family and proposed the moment generating function and demonstrated that the distribution of the quadratic form of the skew normal matrix variate follows a Wishart distribution. Their results were generalized by Harrar and Gupta (2008). In this paper, we generalize the univariate extended skew normal distribution family to the matrix variate case. The moment generating function, the distribution of the quadratic form and the linear form, and the marginal and conditional distributions of this family are studied.


Abstract: Immunity refers to the inbuilt ability of the organism to resist a particular disease or to be able to protect itself from disease causing microorganisms by preventing its development. Immune system includes WBCs which includes all the neutrophils, lymphocytes including the T-cells, the B-cells & the natural killer cells, all together make up the lymphatic system, antibodies, the spleen, the thymus, the bone marrow; our skin, mucous glands, hair, tears etc. also protect our body. By autoimmunity we understand that it is misallocated response of our immune system when it releases autoantibodies to attack the healthy cells of the body. Scientists have studied a lot about autoimmunity and its disorders. By the end of the 19th century, it was first believed that our immune system has the inability to react against its own body tissue until in 20th century the concept of "horror autotoxicus" was proposed by the German immunologist Paul Ehrlich. The autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system reacts and attacks its own cells in the body as a result of breakdown of immunologic tolerance to auto reactive immune cells. Many times, genetic as well as environmental factors are the key reason for autoimmune diseases. Many kinds of research are going through as to find out the actual cause of autoimmunity; till now no actual or exact cause is known. There are at least 80 types of autoimmune diseases recognized by our scientists; some of the commonly known autoimmune diseases are: type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and many more. With unusual autoimmune diseases, diagnosis may not be done instantly; the patients may suffer years before getting diagnosed properly. Most of the diseases don't have any cure; some even need lifelong treatment to ease the symptoms. The diseases will be discussed in detail in the further sections. Keywords: autoimmunity, immune system, cells, disease, disorder, diabetes, arthritis, lupus, ITP


Anaerobic digestion of municipal waste has been demonstrated to be feasible in bench scale experiments by Pfeffer (1974). Approximately, 50% reduction in mass and production of 6000 ft/sup 3/ of gas/ton have been estimated. The gas composition is estimated to be 50% methane and 50% carbon monoxide. The technical and economic feasibility of anaerobic digestion with an ultimate objective of commercialization are discussed. A plant has been built at Pompano Beach, Florida on an existing shredding and landfill operation site. The plant design capacity is 100 tons/day. Two digesters have been constructed to be used in parallel. The process consists of primary shredding, metal separation, secondary shredding, air classification and digestion of light fraction. Sewage sludge was used to seed the initial mixture in the digester. The output slurry is vacuum filtered and the filter cake disposed on an existing landfill. The filtrate is recycled. Excess filtrate is sprayed on the landfill. At present the output gas is being flared. A flow chart for the plant is presented. It is imperative that environmental investigations be conducted on new energy technology prior to commercialization. A project was initiated to characterize all input and output streams and to assess the potential formore » ground water contamination by landfill disposal of effluents. Detailed chemical, biological and physical characterization efforts supported by leaching and modelling studies are being conducted to achieve the stated objectives. Some mutagenic studies were also conducted. The environmental investigations were started in August 1978. Sengupta et al (1979a) reported the first year's efforts.« less


I. Evolution of Competition Law in India 1. The Constitution of India, in its essay in building up a just society, has mandated the State to direct its policy towards securing that end. Articles…


Critics have drawn attention to Marie de France's use of the word mustrer (to show). Howard Bloch says in his discussion of the Espurgatoire that ''no word circulates more frequently or more meaningfully, in fact, than mustrer.'' Marie herself uses the word often in key moments across three of the works attributed to her—44 times in the Lais (ca. 1160–70), 32 in the Fables (ca. 1167–89), and 37 in the Espurgatoire (ca. 1190)—a surprising 113 times altogether. And the word does not seem to be an isolated phenomenon in Marie: near contemporaries such as Benoı̂t de Ste. Maure, Robert Wace, and the anonymous author of the Roman de Thèbes also use the word in articulating their causa scribendi. Denise McClelland has shown


Kerala has introduced decentralized planning for more than a decade now. As part of this, the Local Self Governments (Panchayat Raj Institutions) are vested with the responsibility to run the hospitals. The new element of elected representatives coming in the area of hospital administration has created more confusion than before. Similarly, Tamil Nadu has implemented a hospital systems project to improve the performance of secondary care hospitals. This paper tries to analyze whether one of the popular performance assessment tool - Balanced Score Card could be used to create a better administrative environment to improve the performance of the secondary care hospital. The paper conclusively argues that, Balanced Score Card is an important option for these hospitals to improve their performance.


Before being an innovation work in scientific and technological research this work it sought to accomplich a rescue of information on the system of water supply of the city of Ouro Preto - MG, Patrimony Artistic, Historical and Cultural of the Humanity and to evaluate it general in the days today. Many of the obtained information only meet in the existence of the "Memory Lives", without any type of supporting technical documentation and in other cases in located files in technical collections of other cities as Belo Horizonte and Petropoles ans that it need to be returned to their origins. For that reason that work took a stamp investigate with the purpose of rescuing, on time, essential information that allow decisions sockets in the sense of perfecting the administration system and administration of the water supply of the city, constituted of multiple springs. The lack of an administration and administration adapted of the system provokes serious problems as: exaggerating consumption of water (about 390 1/hab.dia), caused by wastes and losses along the distribution nat, lack of quality of the final product, total absence of the environmental conscience that to fresh water is a finite resource and that it needs to be preserved and still high operation costs and and maintenance of the system. As added difficulty, collection mechaninms that guarantee the solemnity-sustainability of the system don't exist and that it make possible interventions in the reduction of the consumption and in the offer of a water of better quality. Basides Ouro Preto, that study can be applied to Mariana's neighbor city that possesses a system of water supply very similar to the of Ouro Preto, or be: multiple springs, high consumption per capita, high maintenance costs and operation and lack of collection machanisms that guarantee the solemnity-sustainability of the system. It forms an alliance with this tha fact of they be mining and historical cities. The disregard with the preservation of the historical data, allies to the lack of a wide and detailed master plan composed of use laws and occupation of the soil, code of administration of waters and tax coherent, with certainty it was the great limitate of measures that have been take along the years with the purpose of avoiding the chaos in that today meets the administration of the services of provisioning, treatment and distribution of water of Ouro Preto. The fact today still there to be rude water of good quality and abundant amount doesn't guarantee the solemnity-sustainability of the system indefinitely if some measured of preservation of the springs, plnning of the urban growth and reduction of operation costs and of maintenance they be not taken on time.


ABSTRACT Doerig et al. point out that there is now a great deal of evidence bearing directly on our understanding of consciousness. However, they argue that the multiplicity of theories suggest that we have a 'lack of stringent criteria specifying how empirical data constrains ToCs.'


I was asked by the editors of this journal to offer a reminiscence of my late husband and partner, Bob Powers, clinical psychologist and Episcopal priest. I've chosen to lace together excerpts from his letters and other prose, so his voice can be heard again. After Bob and I married in 1979, I studied Adlerian Psychology, and though I was never formally his student, he was always my mentor. Later we were colleagues—at the Adler School, in our independent teaching efforts, in our private practice, and as coauthors. Below, I've interspersed miscellaneous remarks he made over the years with seven of his longer pieces; my introductory comments are italicized.


In view of current problems and future development trend in the construction industry of our country,the paper presents the dynamic alliance organizational model of large-scale construction projects.This paper discusses the meaning and significance of dynamic alliance about the large-scale construction projects,and based on IDEF0 analysis methods,specifically analyzes the dynamic alliance formation process of large-scale construction projects,project structure breakdown and the choice method of dynamic alliance's cooperative partners.


Abstract This paper examines the relationship between visions of reality held by counsellors and their professed theoretical orientations. It is suggested that there exist a number of states of congruence between the tow variables and that there are potential problems when the two are not in harmony. The implications for the training and continued professional development of counsellors are explored. Finally, Some provesional findings are offered from the authors' own research.


The invention discloses an intelligent signal measuring and controlling system of a vehicle and aims to provide a vehicle signal measuring and controlling system which can reduce the traffic accident occurrence rate caused by vision obstruction and crossed space, and can provide evidences for road right judgment after a traffic accident. The system comprises a control device and a monitoring device which is electrically connected with the control device; the monitoring device comprises at least one group of corresponding induction device and a signal indication lamp; the induction device is arranged on a lane on which spaces are mutually crossed and visions are mutually interfered; and the signal indication lamp is arranged on the other lane on which the spaces are mutually crossed and the visions are mutually interfered. The intelligent signal measuring and controlling system of the vehicle can be widely applied to the field of traffic.


This paper studies on the new explanation about the metadata terms issued by DCMI on December 20,2004,introduces the main contents and features of each essential of the metadata,and points out the variations of the library science and information science in the specialized concepts,identifiers and search languages.


Beta very low density lipoproteins (β-VLDL) from cholesterol-fed animals and from patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia are internalized by a receptor-mediated process in mouse macrophages. Once internalized, the cholesteryl esters of β-VLDL are hydrolyzed in lysosomes, and the released cholesterol is re-esterified, resulting in a massive accumulation of cholesteryl esters. In the present study, competitive binding experiments demonstrated that canine apo E HDLC (lipoproteins that contain almost exclusively apolipoprotein E) inhibited the receptor-mediated uptake of 125I-β- VLDL. The incorporation of human apo E intoβ-VLDL was also shown to modulate binding. Reductively methylated β-VLDL (methyl β-VLDL) were not taken up by macrophages and did not stimulate cholesteryl ester synthesis. When unmodified human apo E-3 was incorporated into the lipoprotein in place of the canine methyl apo E, these hybrid β-VLDL (methyl β-VLDL [E-3]) were internalized and degraded and were as effective as native β-VLDL in stimulating cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages. In the reverse experiment, the incorporation of methyl apo E-3 into native canine β-VLDL (β-VLDL [methyl E-3]) reduced the binding activity of the β-VLDL and abolished their ability to stimulate cellular cholesteryl ester synthesis. Canine β-VLDL into which apo E-2(Arg158-»Cys) had been incorporated had less ability to stimulate cholesteryl ester synthesis (20%) than did native β-VLDL, but they were more active than β-VLDL [methyl E-2] or β-VLDL [methyl E-3], which had virtually no activity. These results demonstrate that apo E is the determinant mediating the receptor binding and uptake of β-VLDL by mouse macrophages.


We consistently include the effect of massive neutrinos in the thermal Sunyaev Zeldovich (SZ) power spectrum and cluster counts analyses, highlighting subtle dependencies on the parameterisation and data combination. In $\Lambda$CDM, with an X-ray mass bias corresponding the expected hydrostatic mass bias, i.e., $b\simeq0.2$, our constraints from Planck SZ data are consistent with the latest results from SPT, DES-Y1 and KiDS+VIKING-450. In $\nu\Lambda$CDM, without prior information on $b$, our joint analyses of Planck SZ with Planck 2015 primary CMB yield a small improvement on the total neutrino mass bound compared to the Planck 2015 primary CMB constraint, as well as $(1-b)=0.64\pm0.04$~(68\%~CL). For forecasts, we find that a combination of a mock cosmic variance limited SZ power spectrum with primary CMB and BAO can improve the uncertainty on the total neutrino mass by 14\% with respect to CMB combined with BAO. This requires masking the heaviest clusters and probing the small-scale SZ power spectrum up to multipoles of $\ell_\mathrm{max}=10^4$. For a future competitive measurement of the total neutrino mass using CMB and the SZ power spectrum, but excluding BAO and lensing power spectrum, we find that a 1\% precision on the mass calibration is needed. Although SZ power spectrum-based measurements of the neutrino masses are challenging, we find that the SZ power spectrum can be used to tightly constrain intra-cluster medium properties.


Over the last two years, hardware component prices for solar photovoltaic electrical generation systems have decreased by more than 50%. At these levels in sunny regions a PV module offers the cheapest possibility of all to generate DC electricity. For full systems, a simple LCOE analysis has been applied to illustrate the competiveness of PV electricity compared to household electricity in many EU countries. The goal of 20% renewable energy in Europe by 2020 can probably be achieved at lower costs and higher PV share than anticipated in 2010. For households these developments, together with the advent of affordable battery storage, opens a range of possibilities for exploiting PV in an economically feasible way.


In the light of the problems existing in the book acceptance of the library of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, this paper advance several countermeasures for increasing the work efficiency of book acceptance from four aspects.


The process of the shale gas resource development will have a certain impact on the water, the atmosphere and the surrounding ecological environment. The use of appropriate environmental tax policy can reduce or eliminate these effects effectively. In terms of water resources, by means of the efficient allocation of water resources tax, water pollution tax, shale gas enterprises can be encouraged to adopt fracturing technology and methods which can save water, or to invent the alternative technologies for hydraulic fracturing which can control the pollution of groundwater that fracturing fluid brings, and can improve the storage, handling and discharge of flow back fluid. In terms of atmospheric pollution, the methane carbon tax can be used to restrain the discharge of methane carbon; In terms of the surrounding ecological environment, forest grassland environment tax, soil protection tax and noise pollution tax can be used to control its influence on the development area.


Enhancement and removing the noises in an image is a critical issue in the digital image processing field. In this paper, the new algorithm introduced to enhancing color image corrupted by Gaussian noise using fuzzy logic which described uncertain features of images with modification of median filter. The performance of the proposed technique have been evaluated and compared to the existing mean and median filter.


An angle sensor is developed for measuring two-dimensional (2D) angular displacement. A periodic 2D dot array was generated using a diffractive optical element, and the 2D incident angle of the collimated incident beam was obtained by detecting the multiple peak positions of the 2D dot array. This strategy can reduce random error and periodic nonlinearity effects effectively, and achieve higher precision comparing with a conventional autocollimation principle. Stability of readout of a prototype sensor was evaluated as less than 0.000 3″ with averaging time of 8 s. When 2D angular displacements over ±100″ were simultaneously measured by the prototype sensor and a commercial autocollimator, the maximum deviation was less than 0.11″.


Based on the suggestion that V‐V transfers may be important in the vibrational relaxation of the HF–N2 system (Ref. 3), the experimental data for this system (Ref. 1) have been re‐examined using the STK (Ref. 4) equations. A nonlinear regression analysis has resulted in the determination of τN2–HFν and τN2–HF. Sentman's theory agrees very well with the V‐V relaxation time, but the V–R–T rate is an order of magnitude faster than the theoretical prediction. These results suggest that HF* relaxes via a V‐V transfer to N2 with a subsequent V–R–T relaxation of N2*.


The invention discloses a three-dimensional printing system for a vamp. According to the three-dimensional printing system, the 3D printing technology is mainly used in coordination with a two-dimensional movement mechanism, and vamp assemblies with coatings to be printed are arranged in the locating positions in advance or locating coordinate signals are obtained through scanning photography for three-dimensional printing, so that the accuracy of the relative position of each vamp assembly and a printing head of a printing device is guaranteed, required patterns are formed on the surfaces of the vamp assemblies in the form of the coatings in the three-dimensional state, and therefore the technical effects that manufacturing cost is actually reduced and the working procedures are simplified are achieved.


Analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in a random medium is a field of great interest. This research field becomes more important if we consider the study of phsyical effects on wave propagation and scattering from targets in random media. Curvature of the targets' cross-sections plays an important parameter in the radar detection problem. In previous study, analysis of scattering data from nonconvex conducting targets has pointed out to the effect of target configuration together with both effects of the spatial coherence length of incident waves around the target and the double passage on the backscattering enhancement. Here, we make sure this fact by considering targets with relatively large sizes in continuous random media for H-wave incidence. We assume the cross-section of targets to be smoothly deformed contour comprising concave and convex portions. key words: random media, backscattering enhancement,


Targeting of cytotoxic T cells to cell‐bound antigens has previously been reported using bispecific antibodies. In this report we document a novel targeting system whereby cytotoxic T helper (Thc) cells were targeted to a B cell lymphoma by means of an anti‐idiotypic antibody (anti‐Id), specific for the surface immunoglobulin of the B cell, coupled to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). In this system the anti‐Id‐KLH complex bound to the Id determinant of the surface immunoglobulin of the B cell lymphoma. This complex was then presented in a major histocompatibility complex class II‐restricted manner to the KLH‐specific Thc cell (KLH55) which was induced into its cytolytic pathway through the specific recognition of KLH. The uniqueness of this system was that it utilized the inherent ability of the target B cell to process and present antigen. This offered the distinct advantage that processed antigen re‐expressed on the cell membrane was in a more stable form, thereby enabling the target cell to remain susceptible to cytotoxicity for an extended period of time. Furthermore, as is characteristic of Thc cells in general, bystander kiling was demonstrated and Id (or Ia)‐negative mutants of the target cell did not escape destruction. The adaptation of such a system will have useful implications for future immunotherapeutic strategies.


lesions and regression of the in-stent restenosis ( fig. 1 B). In-stent restenosis regression in a phenomenon not fully understood by the cardiological community. Virmani et al. [1] demonstrated a 22% reduction of in-stent restenosis, 1 year after its maximization, in a humans who underwent intervention with bare metal stents. There are no data for restenosis regression with drug eluting stents in humans. Positive remodeling within the vessel wall and the antiproliferative effect of drugs, like statins, are proposed to be possible causes of this phenomenon [2, 3] . Further investigation is needed to understand restenosis reA 57-year-old man with hypercholesterolemia, history of stable angina and left bundle branch block underwent a successful coronary angioplasty and bare stenting on a long severe lesion of the left circumflex artery 10 years ago. His symptoms were relieved, but 6 months later he developed exertion angina. The new coronary angiography relieved a severe diffuse instent restenosis ( fig. 1 A). A conservative treatment, without any coronary intervention was decided. The patient underwent asymptomatic for more than 10 years, when he complained for atypical chest pain. A new diagnostic coronary arteriography was performed, with no significant Received: March 20, 2006 Accepted: April 4, 2006 Published online: June 20, 2006


The purpose of this deliverable is to define information to be exchanged in OneFIT system based on algorithms for the management of pportunistic networks and to design message sequence charts describing the signalling flows for supporting the management of opportunistic network. To further elaborate on the information exchange, this eliverable will introduce a preliminary state machine as well as information exchange strategies as they are envisaged in the OneFIT project.


Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, with an increasing incidence in younger patients presenting with more aggressive tumor biology. One clinical marker of immune response that has been studied and found to correlate with overall survival and cancer-specific survival is the lymph node ratio. The goal of our study was to find if age alone, adjusting for known factors that impact nodal harvest, independently impacted lymph node ratio in CRC. We found that age does not impact lymph node ratio in a clinically relevant manner, but that lymph node ratio is strongly corelated with grade and histology of the tumor. Abstract Introduction: Colon cancer among young patients has increased in incidence and mortality over the past decade. Our objective was to determine if age-related differences exist for total positive nodes (TPN), total lymph node harvest (TLH), and lymph node ratio (LNR). Material and Methods: A retrospective review of stage III surgically resected colorectal cancer patient data in the National Cancer Database (2004–2016) was performed, reviewing TPN, TLH, and LNR (TPN/TLH). Results: Unadjusted analyses suggested significantly higher levels of TLH and TPN (p < 0.0001) in younger patients, while LNR did not differ by age group. On adjusted analysis, TLH remained higher in younger patients (<35 years 1.56 (CI 95 1.54, 1.59)). The age-related effect was less pronounced for LNR (<35 years 1.16 (CI 95 1.13, 1.2)). Conclusion: Younger patients have increased TLH, even after adjusting for known confounders, while age does not have a strong independent impact on LNR.


The way of preparation and fractionating of blood from system of the bottom vena cava during operation with drawals of organs with mors of a brain is developed and approved. The new transfusion medium ~ a cellular component of blood of the donors, containing 1,7-5,4 standard doses of erythrocytes and 0,2-0,6 standard medical doses of thrombocytes is received. Biological full value and functional activity of cellular components of blood of donors-organs is shown. This cellular transfusion medium provides effective rising of oxygen-transport function of blood at an acute anaemia, moderate indemnification of a thrombocytopenia at liver transplantation.


This paper is based on the experience of the author who worked among the youth in Fiji, although the issues presented in the paper relate to all youth in the Pacific. Young people face many problems at home, in school, in the community and nationally. In an interview with rural youth, majority reported of never receiving sex education from their parents and most often youth learn about sex and sexuality from other sources. On the other hand, family life education taught in secondary schools covers only simple facts and does not cover sexuality or sex. To solve this problem, the following strategies are suggested: parents must make sure that they are well informed about sexual health and must take the responsibility of answering fully and accurately the questions of their youngsters; religious groups should also inform young adults about sexual responsibility, and teachers must be trained in sexual education to impart accurate information to the students. In addition to the strategies already mentioned, it is important to recognize the efforts of grass root level organizations that voluntarily helped.


The purpose of this testing and evaluation plan (TEP) is to provide the high level guidance on testing requirements for ensuring that the equipment and systems to be implemented for remediation of the SY-101 waste level rise USQ are effective.


Abstract The paper presents the results of the research on content of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of runoff waters collected in Siedlce city. The samples were collected in March, July and October 2015. The highest mean total concentration of 16 PAHs amounting to 12.54 μmolּdm-3 was determined in water samples collected at Łukowska Street, whereas the lowest concentrations (1.90 μmolּdm-3) were found in samples collected at Warszawska Street. In some samples, small amounts of benzo(a)pyrene were present; the average content ranged from 0.02 μmol⋅dm-3 at Warszawska Street to 0.20 μmolּdm-3 at Garwolińska Street.


Objective To establish normobaric hyperoxia-induced brain injury animal models,and explore the effects of TNF-α on the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced neural cell apoptosis in the newborn rats.Methods One hundred and twelve 7-day-old SD rats weighting 12-18 g were randomly assigned into 2 groups:hyperoxia group(further divided into 2,6,12,24 hours subgroups according to the exposure time,n=14) and air control group.For hyperoxic group,the pups were kept in a chamber containing[(800±50) mL/L of oxygen(3 L/min)] with their dams for 2-24 h.The oxygen concentration was monitored with digital oxygen monitor.The rats in air control group were placed in air environment with 210 mL/L oxygen exposure,and then 10 rats were killed in each group at 24 h after the beginning of oxygen/air exposure.The brains were dehydrated,embedded and sliced for terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining to calculate the apoptotic index(AI).Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect expression of TNF-α,Caspase-3 of the brains.Four rats were decapitated in each group at 2,6,12,24 h after the beginning of oxygen/air exposure.The total cellular RNA of the left hemispheres was isolated and the expression of TNF-α mRNA was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The relative ratio of optical density in hyperoxia group was calculated with β-actin as internal control and compared with that of normoxic group.All the data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software.Results The AI in 2 h hyperoxia group was significantly higher than that in air control group(F=88.39 P0.01).The AI in hyperoxia group was increased gradually with the prolongation of exposure to hyperoxia and reached the highest level after exposure to oxygen for 12,24 h(F=119.57,153.48 Pa0.01).TNF-α mRNA expression began increase at 2 h(P0.05) and maintained at high levels until 24 h(P0.01) after oxygen exposure.Protein expressions of TNF-α,Caspase-3 were significantly increased after oxygen exposure compared with those of air control group.TNF-α mRNA expression level in the hyperoxic group was positively correlated with the degree of neural cell apoptosis and the expression level of Caspase-3(r=0.986,0.982 Pa0.01).Conclusions Normobaric-hyperoxia can induce the neural cell apoptosis and over-expression of TNF-α in the newborn rats.Over-expression of TNF-α might result in neural cell apoptosis via activation of Caspase-3.TNF-α playes a role in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced neural cell apoptosis.


Studies of long rod impact are almost invariably associated with rods of circular cross-section, but in this paper experiments are described in which square cross-section long rods were made to impinge normally on nominally rigid target plates as well as on 'soft' targets of comparable strength. Plasticine has been used as the model material to simulate metallic projectiles and targets. The various modes of deformation and flow associated with square section rod projectiles have been identified and compared with those observed earlier by Johnson et al. (5)¶ in a study using long rods of circular cross-section.


Forced ignition with glow plugs has great potential for the utilization of alcohol fuels in diesel engines. However, the installation of glow plugs may cause misfiring or knocking in parts of the operating range. This paper presents an analysis of the factors influencing the ignition characteristics of ethanol in a glow plug-assisted diesel engine; these factors may be classified into two categories: the factors related to the temperature history of the droplets before contact with the glow plug, and those related to the probability of contact. By optimizing these factors, the combustion difficulties were successfully eliminated over the whole operating range, and engine performance comparable with conventional diesel operation was achieved.


In the recent years, there has been increasing demand in joining of new technologies into educational processes. Learning Management System (LMS) as a web based technology in educational programs, provides support to instructors to reach their pedagogical goals, organize course contents and support students. This study is an attempt to investigate the factors influence the success of LMS. Research model was developed by examining the relationship between students' outcomes (perceived usefulness) and information quality, system quality, and readiness for online learning through system use and user satisfaction. The respondents chosen for this study were undergraduate students from Limkokwing University of Creative Technology in Malaysia. Sample of this study identified based on number of students in each faculty. The quantitative data are gained through questionnaire. The analysis of data indicated that all relations from independent variables to dependent variable are significant, except the relation between readiness for online learning and system use. The most influencing path was information quality on user satisfaction and perceived usefulness and the least influencing path was readiness for online learning, system use and perceived usefulness. The managerial implications and limitations of current study were also discussed.


Diploma represents superconductivity as the technology of the future and as an appeal to include it into the curriculum. The theoretical part begins with the definition of superconductivity and the placement in magnetism. The theoretical part has a brief historical description of superconductivity. The Meissner effect is represented as well and the usage of superconductors in everyday life. Besides all of the above it has explanations of some interesting didactical experiments. The practical part of the assignment consists of four experiments, which are suitable for primary school. It also includes a description of how to make or get the accessories needed. Every experiment is explained and includes a work sheet.


The present paper focuses on the ethical and anthropological foundations of Kant's philosophy of family law conceived as a "personal right that is real in kind": the possibility of possessing a person as a property item presets the antinomy of moral and legal principles, which reproduces the conflict between Roman naturalistic legal theory and the contractual philosophy of natural law. The author also considers the ways to overcome this antinomy, as well as ensuing solutions to the problems relating to the legal foundations and the subject of family law.


Recently, a growing interest in the exploration of the potential of signal or image processing tools for the purposes of art analysis has emerged. The wavelet leader based multifractal analysis consists of a mathematical tool recently introduced in image processing for the characterization of homogeneous textures based on their regularity properties. Here, this novel tool is applied to a set of digitized versions of drawings, made available by the NY Metropolitan Museum of Art, consisting of authentic Bruegel drawings and several imitations. Multifractal attributes are estimated from several patches of each of these drawings, and their ability to discriminate authentic drawings from impostors is investigated by means of subspace projections and quadratic discriminant analysis. Besides showing very satisfactory performance, the achieved discrimination provides interesting insights into the differences between the regularity of the textures of authentic Bruegel drawings versus imitations, potentially relating the fractal properties of the drawings to the artist's drawing style.


Applying the theory of petroleum system to analyze the laws of forming gas reservoirs in the Paleozoic in E′erduosi Basin is of great practical significance for determining the hydrocarbon-generating potential and migratory directions during major hydrocarbon generating-expelling times in the basin as well as the prospecting accumulation areas and exploration targets of natural gas.According to the properties of hydrocarbon sources,the types of reservoirs and the distribution laws of natural gas in the Paleozoic,the Paleozoic gas system in E′erduosi Basin can be divided into an Upper Paleozoic gas system and a Lower Paleozoic gas system.The former includes three subsystems and the latter two only.In the background of the gas systems,the distribution laws of natural gas and the geological conditions of controlling gas reservoir formation are clear in the basin.Through comprehensively analyzing the space-time distribution characteristics,static geological factors and dynamic geological agent process of each gas system,it is pointed out that both Upper and Lower Paleozoic are of good geological backgrounds of forming gas reservoir,the factors and processes of forming gas reservoirs in various gas subsystems,however,are different from each other,because they are located in different structural portions.It is concluded that the conditions of forming gas reservoirs are optimum for the east gas subsystems in the Lower Paleozoic gas system and for the central-east gas subsystems in the Upper Paleozoic gas system;and the Lower Paleozoic at the north Wushen Banner and south Wu Banner and the three major sandbody zones of the Upper Paleozoic in the central-east part,especially the major sandbody zones in the easternmost part,should be the important horizons and key areas of exploring for natural gas in the future.


The fact that makes a mark on the identity of a modern society is believed to be the consequence of the process through which a traditional society suffers alterations and transformations, gradually affecting all fields of life and taking place as phenomena such as: demographical revolution, industrialization, the low rate of the agrarian sector, urbanization, literacy and last but not least the new way of legitimization and solidarity that the modern state puts forward for consideration. Most analysts of the process consider the modernization process, same as industrialization, to have started in the north-west of Europe and spread to other parts of the continent step by step, a gradual diffusion process. Historical analyses of the Habsburg Empire referring to the modernization process were all marked by a variety of views. The classical view was dominated by a negative perception of the Habsburg Monarchy capacity for modernization, and it was followed by a revisionist one. Analyses, particularly of the economic and social history, demonstrated that the modernization of the Empire was a gradual process the "Austrian model", as John Komlos called it in which modernization took place as a diffusion phenomenon from the western regions to the eastern ones. This process was supported by interregional interactions, thus we can say that the Monarchy reflected on a small scale the general European process of the diffusion of industrialization from west to east. According to this idea, our research will be based on analysing the state role and its implications in the modernization process in Transylvanian society in the second part of the 19 century. We will take into consideration the effects, as well as the limits of state intervention in this process. One of our theoretical supports will be the modernization theory based on Max Weber and Talcott Parsons' notion of "functional differentiation", which we will analyze for the Transylvanian 19 century. In this respect we analyze


Writer, publisher and activist Ann Fisher (1719–78) promoted educational reform in all of her works, most notably in two which remained standard educational texts into the nineteenth century – A Practical New Grammar and The Pleasing Instructor, or Entertaining Moralist – as well as in a series of essays printed in her inexpensive pocket diary, The Ladies Own Memorandum-Book. Fisher first aimed to improve English language education by decoupling English grammar from Latin grammar and by offering a pedagogical model based on practice rather than rote memorization. Later she expanded her reform of pedagogy to encompass the instructor's classroom strategies and demeanor. Such reforms, Fisher believed, would make English language education and the concomitant benefits of improved skills in speaking, reading and writing more accessible to students of all socioeconomic classes. Finally, Fisher undertook a holistic reform of education for girls and women that valorized women's intellectual capabilities and argued that serious education for all women would result in greater social and economic opportunities for themselves, for their families and for society as a whole.


By studying the athletic achievement characteristics of female one-hundreds-meter hurdle in China's nation-wide sports meets and its cause of formation in training, this paper analyzes the achievement regularity of female one-hundreds-meter hurdle. Comparing the corresponding figures of American excellent players, the paper also finds out the differences between the two so as to discuss their causes from training angle and eventually to offer sensible guidance to theoretic study and practice on this subject.


As a result of extensive urban development coupled with warming temperatures, urban heat islands (UHI) have become an important factor affecting energy consumption and human health in cities. Prior research has shown that evapotranspiration (ET) from urban vegetation can have a significant cooling effect, but there are relatively few direct measurements from urban vegetable gardens. We compared hourly temperature measurements during two summers (2017 and 2018) in a 750 m2 research garden at the University of St. Thomas (Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA) to hourly temperatures at the nearby Minneapolis-Saint Paul (MSP) International Airport, located 6 km to the south. We also quantified seasonal ET (June–October) in 132 garden plots and five reference turfgrass plots during the summers of 2017 and 2018. For both years, an increase in temperature of 1.00°C at the MSP airport resulted in an average increase of 0.55°C in the research garden. At temperatures greater than 22°C, the garden was cooler on average compared to MSP airport. ET in the garden plots was significantly higher than in the grass reference plots both years, with means of 46 cm for garden plots compared to 19 cm for grass plots in 2017, and 51 cm for garden plots compared to 33 cm for grass plots in 2018. These results are consistent with other research showing potentially large benefits of cooling through ET from urban gardens that are primarily aimed at crop production.


Questions of causation are important issues in empirical research on political behavior. Most of the discussion of the econometric problems associated with multiequation models with reciprocal causation has focused on models with continuous dependent variables (e.g., Markus and Converse 1979; Page and Jones 1979). Yet, many models of political behavior involve discrete or dichotomous dependent variables; this paper describes two techniques which can consistently estimate reciprocal relationships between dichotomous and continuous dependent variables. The first, two-stage probit least squares (2SPLS), is very similar to two-stage instrumental variable techniques. The second, two-stage conditional maximum likelihood (2SCML), may overcome problems associated with 2SPLS, but has not been used in the political science literature. We demonstrate the potential pitfalls of ignoring the problems of reciprocal causation in nonrecursive choice models and examine the properties of both techniques using Monte Carlo simulations: we find that 2SPLS slightly outperforms 2SCML in terms of bias but that 2SCML produces more accurate standard errors. However, the 2SCML model offers an explicit statistical test for endogeneity. The results from our simulations, and the statistical test for exogeneity, lead us to advocate the use of 2SCML for estimation of this class of causal models. We then apply both of these techniques to an empirical example focusing on the relationship between voter preferences in a presidential election and the voter's uncertainty about the policy positions taken by the candidates. This example demonstrates the importance of these techniques for political science research.


Review(s) of: Salvage Logging and Its Ecological Consequences, by David B Lindenmyer, Philip J Burton and Jerry F Franklin. CSIRO Publishing, 2008.


In the method for the pressure-tight connection of a tube to a plug inserted into the tube, the end of the tube is forced into a preferably triangular annular groove in the plug. A radially projecting collar is formed on the plug next to the annular groove and the end of the tube is then pushed over the annular groove onto the plug until it rests against the collar. Finally, the collar together with the end of the tube is forced into the annular groove. The pressure-tight connection obtained is distinguished by the fact that the collar is produced as an integral part of the plug, the end of the tube being firmly enveloped both on the outside and on the inside and the resulting connection being sealed at two points.


We discuss the impact of optimal 2×2 MachZehnder switch design and waveguide crossings on the scalability of planar switches in silicon photonics platform. We show the importance of multi-path coherent crosstalk in scalable switch architectures by particularly examining 16×16 Benes and PILOSS structures. Optical switching can contribute to reduce the many optical/electrical/optical conversions that occur in large datacenters or supercomputers interconnects [1]. Large port count, i.e. large radix, switches in bulk optics based on MEMS are being commercialized already. However, to deploy optical switching at large scale, for example to enable bandwidth steering in a Dragonfly topology [2], more integrated, thus cheaper, optical switches are necessary. The silicon photonics platform has proven a worthy option in terms of performance, but over all in terms of integration, with a fast growth over the last decade [3]. Today, individual broadband silicon photonic switches based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers have been fabricated, tested, and shown to provide fast switching speeds (∼ ns). Calo et al. [4] provided a detailed analysis of design and analysis of 2×2 silicon-based electro-optic Mach-Zehnder switch (MZS), concluding that an insertion loss of 1.1 dB, a crosstalk level of -15 dB with an optical bandwidth of 60 nm is achievable. In 2015, Dupuis et al. [5] from IBM revisited the concept of 2×2 MZS in silicon photonic platform. Leveraging IBM's 90nm CMOS platform, and optimizing their design for minimal loss and crosstalk, this group proved that insertion loss of 1dB and crosstalk of -23 dB with an optical bandwidth 45nm and 4 ns switching time is possible. Later that year, the same group further introduced these 2×2 MZS as the enabling technologies for fast and scalable silicon photonic switches by demonstrating a 4×4 switch based on 2x2 switches [6]. Other researchers have strived to scale up the port count of larger numbers. For example, in 2016, Lu et al. [7] demonstrated a 16x16 non-blocking switch based on Benes topology with a total footprint of 40 mm. The measured loss and crosstalk in the "cross state" of the 2x2 MZS were 0.1 dB and -30 dB over a wavelength range of 30nm. In the "bar state" the numbers degraded to 1dB and -18dB, respectively. In this talk, we first present the modeling of 2×2 MZS in our simulation platform called PhoenixSim [8] and show that its predictions are well aligned with the published devices. As shown in Fig. 1(a) our 2×2 switch consists of two input and output directional couplers and two waveguides that form the arms of the interferometer. The waveguides are assumed standard silicon nano-wires with a cross-section of 450nm×220 nm. Fig. 1(b) shows the electro-optic behavior of the switch in a single-arm operation. The insertion loss and crosstalk are estimated to be 0.2 dB and <-30 dB in the "cross" state, and (a) (b) Fig. 1. Schematic of a 2×2 MZI switch with the Cross and Thru states optimized for minimum crosstalk leakage. (a) The physical construction of the 2×2 MZI switch. Two directional couplers and two straight waveguides constitute the switch. (b) Electro-optic response of the 2×2 switch. The cross states and the bar states are marked. 1.2 dB and -19.8 dB in the "bar" state. We will then show how this 2×2 switch element can be used to construct larger switches such as 16×16 Benes and PILOSS switches, and how the loss and crosstalk for each switch configuration is analyzed in our simulation platform. One input port is excited, the light is propagated through the switch fabric, and the optical power at each output port is eventually monitored. Due to the crossing of waveguide connections and finite extinction of each 2×2 switch, coherent multi-path interference is observed for the crosstalk power at each output port. We will show that considerable variations of both loss and crosstalk are observable within a single switch, depending on the requested switch permutation. A "worst-case performance graph" that maps each input port to each output port based on worst-case of insertion loss and worst-case of crosstalk will be presented for various switch architectures. The influence of waveguide crossings will also be discussed. In light of these results, we will draw conclusions on the potential of MZS based switches in silicon for optical interconnects applications.


Stanford, S. D. 2009: Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00106.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.


The three dialogues explore the possibilities of convergence in a bilingual work, namely in dialectical concepts such as "author" and "other", "original" and "translation" – notions that the characters are also bound to question. Written in both English and Chiac, an Acadian French spoken in the south-east region of New-Brunswick that fuses Old French and contemporary English, the dialogues can be read as a continuation of the writing process where the bilingual text uses two language systems to complete its meaning, or as two separate linguistic versions that can be read as two autonomous and original creations. As the author-translator, I have allowed slippages to occur in-between the translations, which have the effect of creating a literal as well as a literary reference to the asymmetrical contact zone between English and French. As linguist Marie-Eve Perrot explains, "perceived by its speakers as a variety of the French language and a constituent of a French identity, Chiac offers a dual position in so far as it allows resistance to English (the dominant language) as well as to standard French (the dominant variety)" (My translation, 150). The Acadian author writing in Chiac is faced with two crucial challenges: the first is the problem of legitimizing the marginalized dialect as a language worthy of "literariness"; the second is the issue of reception; given Chiac's limited use outside of Moncton it faces the problem of audience, which is why I've included a recording of two of the dialogues.


• Page 1 of 4 • Citation: Gandhi HV, Skolnick AH, Reynolds HR (2017) A Case of Coronary Artery Spasm Associated with Lisdexamfetamine Use. Int J Clin Cardiol 4:095. doi.org/10.23937/2378-2951/1410095 Received: November 21, 2016; Accepted: April 10, 2017; Published: April 13, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Reynolds H, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


 Abstract —This paper aims to prove that when developing an inventory model with fuzzy demand, the order quantity should be identical for each replenishment cycle in order to achieve an optimal replenishment policy. In 2012, Glock, Schwindl and Jaber published a paper in the International Journal Services and Operations Management. They assumed that the order quantities should be identical for each replenishment cycle. We provide a patch work to prove that to attain the minimum solution, then the order quantities must be identical for each replenishment cycle. Moreover, a formulated solution for the optimal replenishment number is derived in this paper. On the other hand, we discuss two related problems in Analytic Hierarchy Process to present some theoretical derivations to help researchers realize the mathematical structure in those problems.


Objective To discuss the types of allergens and provide an instruction for prevention and immu-notherapy of allergic rhinitis.Methods A total of 428 patients with allergic rhinitis were enrolled,and skin prick test wasused in this study.Results The main allergens were house dust mite and dermatophagoides farinae,and the positivity ratios were 90% and 84% respectively.Conclusion Knowing the allergens provides an instruction for prevention andimmunotherapy of allergic rhinitis.


Efficient surface functionalization with polydopamine (PDA) films can be easily achieved on virtually any object via single immersion in slightly basic dopamine solutions. In such conditions, however, poor homogeneity, low thickness, and long time of reaction are usually the major limitations. Herein, we report a rational entry to the control of PDA deposition via chemical oxidation under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0) ensuring inhibition of uncontrolled autoxidation processes to gain insight about the reaction mechanism and the impact of oxidation conditions on PDA structure. Comparative chemical analysis of dopamine oxidation with three different oxidants (ammonium peroxodisulfate, sodium periodate, and copper sulfate) revealed significant differences in the reaction course and allowed selection of periodate for the fast and homogeneous deposition of PDA films with thickness never before reported. Notably, PDA coatings with unprecedented superhydrophilic/superoleophobic properties were obtained und...


In this paper,an algorithm of association rules based on matrix is introduces.Compared with the WINEPI algorithm,which visiting database for many times,the algorithm first converts the alarm database into matrix,and then calculate the matrix to get the association rules.Experimental results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.


PURPOSE
To report the presence of previously undescribed retinal abnormalities in patients with Storm and other progeric syndromes.

METHODS
Review of the clinical and photographic records of a patient with Storm syndrome who developed bilateral central retinal vein occlusion.

RESULTS
A 43-year-old woman with a diagnosis of Storm (Werner-like) syndrome, a connective tissue disease characterized by premature aging, presented with bilateral nonsimultaneous central retinal vein occlusion. The patient was also observed to have bilateral peripheral retinal pigment epithelial alterations.

CONCLUSION
Retinal abnormalities can be observed in patients with premature aging syndromes. These abnormalities include the development of venous occlusive disease and peripheral retinal pigment epithelial alterations at a relatively young age and may be related to the underlying genetic mutation.


Despite the existence of a sufficient number of scientific papers on the issues of legal personality, it is prematurely to consider this term developed and understandable, first of all, due to the lack of a scientifically based theoretical concept of legal personality. Based on the analysis of the doctrinal and legal definition of legal personality, the author shows the identified contradictions in the generally accepted understanding of this category, the essence of which is the lack of consistency with the established legal terms – a legal subject, legal status, legal capability, and legal capacity to act. Resolving the identified contradictions, the author comes to the conclusion about the exclusively branch-specific meaning of legal personality, justifying the illogicality of using the term "general legal personality", and within the theoretical and legal analysis of criminal procedural legal personality, shows the existing relations and dependences between legal personality and legal categories that are close in content – a legal subject and a subject of legal relations, legal status, legal capability, and legal capacity to act. Using a systematic approach in the study of criminal procedural legal personality, the author step by step reveals the process of formation of legal personality, limiting the sphere of its application to law enforcement. Based on the results of the study, the author substantiates the necessity of distinguishing between the concepts of procedural legal personality, a legal subject, legal status, and a subject of legal relations, proposes the author's definitions of these terms. An understanding of procedural legal personality as a legal property of a specified court procedure participant arising as a result of acquiring the status of a legal subject is formulated. In understanding a criminal procedure subject, the author substantiates two aspects: regulatory and law enforcement. In the regulatory aspect, a legal subject is a generalized, abstract person vested with procedural legal capability and legal capacity to act; in the law enforcement sphere, a legal subject acts as a specified person with procedural legal personality.


Simple Summary Dairy production has evolved over many generations to be an important source of high-quality nutrition for a significant proportion of the global population. However, it needs to evolve further to ensure it contributes to sustainable diets. Technological innovation can be a key enabler. It is also the case however that innovation brings about significant change, and can introduce unexpected, unintended and undesirable consequences, which are experienced differently by different actors on the ground. Thus, a major challenge is turning good science and technology into positive and innovative outcomes for society in an equitable way. Drawing on concepts from Responsible Research and Innovation (anticipation, inclusion, reflexivity and responsiveness) and Food Systems thinking, the authors reviewed the academic literature to consider the perspectives of different actors relating to technologies on dairy farms. It considers 'smart' on-farm technologies at three key stages of the dairy production cycle—breeding, feeding and milking—through the lens of two actor groups. It considers the farmers who may(not) adopt such innovations and the consumer-citizens who will(not) purchase/accept the resultant on-farm practices and foods. It highlights some differences between and within these actor groups, but also identifies commonalities, including tensions, faced by both groups. Dairy production in the future, thus, is not only challenged with embracing advanced technologies, the process by which such technologies are designed and selected must also be 'smart'. Abstract Innovation has resulted in more dairy products being produced with less inputs than ever before. It has also affected how animals are raised, the structure of the sector and the nature of products produced. Not all impacts have been positive. As disruptive technologies—such as precision farming and robotics—herald significant change, it is timely to reflect on the perspectives of different actors on innovations within the sector. Drawing on a review of academic literature, this paper considers farmers' and consumer-citizens' perspectives; as expected, their diverse knowledge, interests and values surface a range of perspectives. To provide focus to the study, it examines technologies across three stages of the dairy production cycle: breeding, feeding and milking. It finds that consumer-citizen and farmer perspectives have been examined by researchers in several countries, using a variety of methods, across a range of technologies. It finds both areas of agreement and tension within and between consumer-citizen and producer cohorts. While differences in knowledge account for some variation, differences in values are also significant. The extent to which efforts can and should be put into addressing differences is raised as a point for reflection.


Courts are required on a daily basis to make decisions in disputes about residence and contact arrangements for young children when the parents live apart. This article considers the social science evidence both on what parenting arrangements are likely to be optimal for young children at different developmental stages, and on risk factors to be avoided. In particular, it considers the evidence about when an overnight stay with the non-resident parent may be beneficial to a young child and when it is contra-indicated. The available research does not support the view that overnight stays for very young children are per se problematic, but rather highlights the importance of considering the overall context of the family circumstances in individual cases. There is also a need to consider what is realistic given the circumstances of the two parents. While appropriate arrangements need to be guided by what is optimal (absent risk factors), this will often have to be limited by what is practicable in the parents' circumstances, and by the need to avoid harm.


Regardless of how academically talented honors students may be, they are still college students with all the same concerns as other college students. To address the alarmingly growing trend of college students with mental health concerns, I have developed and used several strategies for our honors students that I will share during my presentation.


Human reproduction is also possible through the use of assisted human reproduction techniques,
these artificial medical procedures can be intracorporeal or extracorporeal. In the case of
extracorporeal assisted reproduction techniques, it is carried out through in vitro fertilization with
embryo transfer in which the fertilization of the ovule with the sperm takes place outside the uterine
tract and is then implanted in the womb.
In Peru there is no specific law that regulates in detail the different techniques of assisted
reproduction (TERAS) and its application in each case. However, the General Law of Health, in
its Article 7, indicates that the genetic mother must coincide with the pregnant mother and both
biological parents must give their consent for the reproductive treatment to be carried out. In this
sense, the right to procreate expresses the possibility that people have access to the scientific and
technical means leading to the achievement of the desired procreation.
Although Peruvian legislation has recognized the different techniques of assisted human
reproduction, the same has not happened with the technique of post-mortem fertilization that can
also be carried out as an implicit consequence of the right to procreate.
The Peruvian constitution does not recognize a right to procreate, so analogously, its possible
foundation is established in other constitutional and / or fundamental rights.
Therefore, the research uses a content analysis by means of the documentary research method, in
order to determine the existence of the right to procreate and whether the technique of post-mortem
fertilization can be based on that right.
Keywords: Assisted reproduction techniques, right to procreate, post mortem fertilization.


described as " the newest and most wonderful invention." The soap is guaranteed free from resin and to be made only from the purest fats. It does not, however, float on water as stated on the tablet, and this is probably due to the fact that in remelting enough air bubbles have not been agitated into the mass. We are of the opinion that all soaps which are advertised as floating on water should be bought by weight, as their lightness is invariably due to the presence of air bubbles, which give the soap a spongy texture and increases its apparent volume. We mu3t also take exception to the statement of the manufacturer that "Cockatoo " Soap is absolutely disinfecting and absolutely antiseptic. There is no reason why the soap itself should not be aseptic, but it js obvious that if it were disinfecting it would also be antiseptic. We have not, however, discovered anything in the soap which can be called a germicide. There was no free


The electronic structure of alloys has gained renewed interest during recent years because of the growing technological importance of wide-band-gap semiconductors. In this study, we have noticed novel II-VI materials containing beryllium chalcogenides which have considerable potential to overcome life time problems encountered in conventional II-VI based alloys. Thus our study aims to investigate beryllium chalcogenides and Zn1-xBexSe alloy with beryllium contents over the full composition range. The first part of this work is devoted to the study of the properties of the beryllium chalcogenides compounds. The ab initio simulation is able to predict the effect of the pressure on these compounds, their structural stability, the nature of the band gap as well as the ionic character of atomic bonding. In the second part we report the results of a self-consistent pseudopotential study including structural, optoelectronic and thermodynamic properties of cubic Zn1-xBexSe semiconductor alloy. The use of a 64 atoms supercell makes possible to underline the beryllium incorporation influence on the band gap evolution. The bowing parameter which characterizes the nonlinear dependence of the direct band gap on the alloy composition was derived for the Zn1-xBexSe alloy system. The investigation of the origin of the optical bowing shows a strongest contribution due to the structural effect. The way in which structural relaxation is carried out is illustrated by the first and second nearest neighbors distances behavior reported according to the beryllium molar fraction. Besides, a regular solution model was used to investigate the thermodynamic stability of Zn1-xBexSe, which mainly indicates a wide phase miscibility of gap


Sport is a new trend for the people of Indonesia, one of which is Queens Futsal as a provider of leasing services futsal, a very tight competition in the world futsal leasing services airy giving birth to several innovations to meet consumer needs. then in this case there are some efforts made by Queens Futsal Management in order to compete with other providers in meeting the needs of consumers. Research methods used in this case is a case study method is a study on the subject that corresponds to a specific phase or typical of the entire study. the type of research is descriptive research, which is about the kind of research that illustrates real about the phenomenon that occurred during the study with the data obtained. The results of this study show that Queens Futsal Management has advantages compared with leasing services providers other indoor soccer field. It is seen from the efforts of the operational run by Queens Futsal Management, expanding the field, variations in the size and level of violence balls, lighting appropriate field, providing P3K box, service-based online, providing space rinse, the supply of warm water in the rinse, Standard operational employees and so on.


Objective To compare the clinical effect of close type sputum aspiration and open type sputum aspiration.Methods Randomize 80 cases of mechanical aspiration patients into two groups as observing group and control group,each group contains 40 cases.The observing group adopted close type sputum aspiration,however,open type sputum aspiration was applied in control group.Then we observed the SpO2,HR value,respiratory tract mucosa damage,pulmonary infection situation and occurrence time etc.before and after the sputum aspiration in both groups.Results Comparison of SpO2,HR value,respiratory tract mucosa damage,pulmonary infection situation and occurrence time before and after the sputum aspiration in both group,the average p value was below 0.05,which means the significant difference between these two groups.Conclusion The result suggested that the close type sputum aspiration method can well maintain the oxygenation,sustain the stable of hemodynamics,effective precaution of cross infection,as well as considerable safety in operation.The effect of close type sputum aspiration was better than the open type,which may diminish the pulmonary infection incidence,prevent phlegm obstruction,and alleviate the nursing workload and nursing labor.


At any launch base radar tracking is critical for assessing the state of the launch vehicle for range safety function as well as for trajectory monitoring. Tracking data corrected for refraction effects is essential for estimating the flight performance. This paper presents the refraction effects of troposphere and ionosphere on the radio waves of C-Band radars in terms of errors in the measured tracking parameters. Application of mapping functions for correcting refraction errors in C-Band radar track data is studied and a comparison of the performance of mapping functions is presented. The mapping functions not only show good convergence at low elevations but also correct around 90 per cent of the refraction error in elevation. Defence Science Journal, 2012, 62(6), pp.420-426 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.62.1160


Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital, bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia and absence or insufficiency of erythroid precursors in normocellular bone marrow, frequently associated with somatic malformations. Here, we present our findings from the study of 17 patients recorded in the Greek DBA registry.


According to unsteady mechanism of side slope and starting from steady coefficient,it discusses boundary facing gradient of soil side slope so as to offer more rational suggestion for designing side slope of railway foundation to assure steadiness of railway of foundation.


Automating SolidWorks 2011 Using Macros is designed as a tutorial to help beginner to intermediate programmers develop macros for SolidWorks and SolidWorks Workgroup PDM. The focus of this book is primarily on the Visual Studio Tools for Applications (VSTA) macro interface. It covers many of the major API functions through practical use cases. It teaches many Visual Basic.NET fundamentals as well as SolidWorks, SolidWorks Workgroup PDM and Excel API functions. The Author has also added a chapter dedicated to some of his favorite source code for you to use as the basis for typical automation procedures. Using this book you will learn how to: Record macros Control Custom Properties Create parts and features Build assemblies Batch create drawings Extract information from Workgroup PDM Create many other time saving utilities Table of Contents 1. Macro Basics 2. One Button PDF Publishing 3. Model Dimensions Using Excel VBA 4. Controlling Options 5. Material Properties 6. Custom Properties 7. Model Creation 8. Data Import 9. Drawing Automation 10. Add Assembly Components 11. Working with File References 12. Property Manager Pages 13. Using Notifications (Events) in SolidWorks Macros 14. Workgroup PDM API Basics 15. Extract Workgroup PDM Documents 16. Workgroup PDM Check In 17. Enterprise PDF API Basics 18. Enterprise PDM Files and Variables 19. Favorite Code Examples


The cultural background of people that interact at an intercultural level has a strong impact on the manner in which this type of interaction takes place. Cultural diversity should not be regarded as an obstacle to communication and a threat to the specificity of one particular culture. On the contrary, the development of intercultural exchange is an opportunity to enrich one's cultural horizons and also the horizons of the community that he/she belongs to or that he/she interacts with. The impact on a pre- established identity is inevitable and the challenges generated by the process of globalization focus mainly on the ability to adapt and, at the same time, not to lose specificity. The case of international student exchange programmes is an important factor in the process of intercultural interaction, as it forms a strong perception both on the students in international exchange programmes, and on the members of the host country, or the county of origin, regarding the other. Their manner of integration will be analyzed in this paper, focusing on the benefits that can be obtained due to the exchange programmes and the way in which those benefits can be increased. A case study on international mobility of Romanian university students in Bordeaux has the aim of reinforcing the ideas presented in the paper.


A review of a presentation and group activity on user-centered planning presented at the 2016 J oint Meeting of the Midwest Chapter and the Midcontinental Chapter of the Medical Library Association.


A review is given on the exchange switching of ferromagnetic metallic junctions under the effect of a low threshold current. A dramatic (orders of magnitude) threshold current reduction is achieved under conditions that include the dominance of the current-driven nonequilibrium spin injection, the optimum relation between spin resistances of the layers, and the application of an external magnetic field near the reorientation phase transition point.


The utility model discloses an anti-oil leakage structure for an end cap bearing of a two-electrode box type generator. The anti-oil leakage structure comprises the end cap bearing on a main shaft of a rotor; two sides of the end cap bearing are respectively provided with an outer bearing end cap and an inner bearing end cap, and a motor end plate is arranged above the central section of the end cap bearing; a rotor fan is mounted on the main shaft; an engine base wind isolating plate is arranged at the outer side of the rotor fan; the rotor fan is located at the right side of the inner bearing end cap; a low pressure area is formed between the motor end plate and the engine base wind isolating plate; the part of the engine base wind isolating plate located at an air-out side of the rotor fan is a high pressure area; the structure further comprises an inner vent pipe, one end of the inner vent pipe is close to a joint of the inner bearing end cap and the main shaft of the rotor, and the other end of the inner vent pipe is communicated with the high pressure area at the air-out side of the rotor fan. According to the utility model, one end of a pipeline connected with the high pressure and low pressure areas on the inner bearing end cap is connected with a bearing cavity, the other end of the pipeline is connected with the high pressure area of the rotor fan, so high pressure at the inner side of the fan is introduced into the bearing cavity for balancing low pressure in the bearing cavity caused by air draught of the rotor fan, and oil leakage of the bearing is effectively reduced.


This study of the operation of the Accredited Social Health Activist programme of the National Rural Health Mission in one of the tribal blocks of Thane district in Maharashtra fi nds that incentives given to ASHAs generate a bias in their work activities and shift the attention of these community health workers from the community to the health services system. Moreover, the poor socio-economic background of ASHAs makes them depend on the incentives offered since this is their main source of income. Additionally, due to the excessive focus of ASHAs on curative care, the community considers them more an extended arm of the health service system, not as change agents as envisaged in the programme. I ndia has witnessed several phases of the community health worker (CHW) programme since Independence. The Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) ‐ the fl agship programme under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) ‐ is the latest of its kind that is operational throughout the country. The Mitanin, one of the state-level initiatives, was scaled up as the ASHA programme similar to the earlier experiences of the government with CHW programmes that had its origin in the non-governmental organisation (NGO) sector. Despite the fact that the characteristics of CHWs were not uniform, certain common alities were found in terms of its conceptualisation and its implementation. The two important characteristics of the CHW programme observed across various countries are its ability to generate community participation, thereby making health a priority which motivates the community to access healthcare. The present study was carried out in one of the tribal blocks of Thane district of Maharashtra. The programme was launched in 2007 in this tribal block and the data was collected in 2009. This article evaluates the performance of ASHAs in the community and examines whether or not they could generate community participation. This was accomplished by examining the current functioning of the ASHA programme in the block in terms of work activities of ASHAs, incentive structure and its relationship with motivation along with the general acceptance of ASHAs in the community.


Valerie Braithwaite, Monika Reinhart and Jenny Job examine economic transactions in which individuals pay others or are paid by others in cash for work that has been done, and where the understanding is that tax is not paid on the earned income. These are activities that are part of what is variously referred to as the 'hidden,' 'underground,' 'shadow,' 'grey' or 'cash' economy.


The behaviour of 2-D composite semi-rigid joints has been researched since the seventies, including experimental work, numerical models, analytical models and practical methods of analysis. However, one of the areas where research is still needed is in the three-dimensional behaviour of semi-rigid composite joints, that is, columns with beams attached to both axes (major and minor axis). This paper describes the details and the results of an experimental program consisting in a test of a 3D composite semi-rigid joint. The design of major axis connection is made with a bolted flush end plate connection while that of the minor axis is done by means of an additional plate welded to the column flanges, rather than attach it to the column web. The specimen is subjected to proportional loads, and further research will be done with non-proportional loads. A finite element (FE) model is developed and validated using the experimental results. The FE model will be used to perform a parametric study for three-dimensional semi-rigid composite joints subjected to proportional and non-proportional loads in a future research.


Forests are more and more crucial to front socio-ecological crisis. Deforestation continues at alarming rates with heavy impacts on ecosystems, biodiversity, climate and livelihoods. It is well recognized that agriculture is a dominant driver of deforestation, with several contradictions and trade offs between global south and advanced economies. Mechanisms are clear and require a olistic vision on the disputes for land use. Avoid conflicts and reveal green washing, when setting land use planning means to have global vision on the use of forest products, embedded deforestation, food vs no-food, renewables energies.… Biodiversity is the major concern for planetary boundaries tipping points and its decline involve social issues. The paper reviews this crucial topic in the light of last COPs discussions and decision asking for a global vision also in the landscape governance and management options at regional and local level, highlighting key remaining evidence gaps.


Designs three position interlace-tooth cutting groove tool which achieves roasting carbon blocks deep trough high feed milling slot. The polynomial predictive model for anode carbon block milling force and milling temperature on the machined workpiece surface by employing the factors,such as the milling speed,depth of cut,feed,are developed by orthogonal experiment. Significant test for the regression model by using variance analysis,test results show that the cutting force and cutting temperature are highly significant regression equation. Experiments show that the established model matches with actual situation better. And a theoretical basis is provided for the design of online slotting cutter.


Preface. The Author. Introduction: The Dilemmas of Managers in the Middle. POLITICS IN THE WORKPLACE: REKINDLING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT. Personal Choices That Shape the Work Environment. Origins of the Bureaucratic Mentality. Developing Antidotes for Bureaucracy. POSITIVE POLITICAL SKILLS AT WORK. Creating a Vision of Greatness: The First Step Toward Empowerment. Building Support for Your Vision: Negotiating with Allies and Adversaries. Balancing Autonomy and DepAndence: Peace with Those Around You. Facing Organizational Realities: Continual Acts of Courage. Enacting the Vision: The Essence of Empowerment. Annotated Bibliography. Index.


Let me begin with three acknowledgments. The first is to state my agreement with the conclusions Andreae and colleagues (2016) draw in urging scientific research on the medically beneficial effects...


: In this study, we examined whether differences in feet alignment doe to dorsal arch height and arch height ratio ( AHR ) are related to characteristics, and anamnesis of foot, and sports career. This survey recruited 689 community-dwelling participants (370 males, 319 females) aged 18 years and older in Japan. Measurements of the questionnaires, foot length, and dorsal arch height were used in our methodology. The questionnaire examined anamnesis and foot pain, and an individual's sports career. We measured and analyzed the AHR. Subjects were classified by DAH and AHR values, for high (H group), low (L group), or standard (S group), respectively. The associations between the three groups were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons. Furthermore, we correlated the variables that caused significant differences with DAH and AHR. The χ2 test analyzed the binary questionnaire results. The significance level was set at 5%. Consequently. Age, Weight and BMI were highest in the H group and a significant difference was observed with the L group. We observed that the average weight and BMI for the H group was higher than for the L group. It was suggested that the increase in age and BMI affected the H group.


The recoil-in-vacuum (RIV) [1] is a method utilizing hyperfine interaction to measure the nuclear g factors for excited states with pico-second lifetimes. It has drawn a lot of attentions recently because of advantages over transient field (TF) method for applications to radioactive beams. The RIV was first introduced in the 1970's but was seldom used due to the difficulty in calibrating the hyperfine interaction. With the advanced atomic theory now available, the hyperfine interaction may be calculated from first principles. In this talk, I will introduce a new time-dependent Monte Carlo simulation method based on atomic-structure calculation package GRASP2K to extract g factors from RIV experiments. The method was tested by simulating previously reported g factors for which attenuation coefficients Gks values were measured in RIV experiments. The g factors extracted from the simulations are in good agreement with the previously report values. This method can be widely used in different reactions that align the spins of the nuclear states. These reactions include Coulomb excitation, transfer reaction, fusion evaporation and fission. It will be particularly useful for future experiments radioactive beams. Examples shown in this talk are from Coulomb excitation and fusion evaporation.


The dispersion characteristics of microstrip lines on magnetically anisotropic substrates are studied utilizing the Galerkin's method in the spectral domain. Specifically, we calculate the differential phase shifts of devices consisting of Z-type (Zn2Z) and Y-type (Zn2Y) ferrites as a function of applied magnetic field. Our theoretical formulism is effective in modeling highly magnetically anisotropic materials, which are becoming increasingly important for the next generation of microwave devices. Such a theoretical treatment of anisotropic ferrite magnetic materials is presently unavailable in commercial numerical simulation tools.


Close bodily contact during sexual intercourse provides an ideal opportunity for the transmission of microorganisms from one individual to another. Some of these microbes are harmless commensals, but others cause local or disseminated disease. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common in many animal species, and-in domesticated animals are often of economic importance because they cause abortion and infertility. In man, the incidence of STD has greatly increased in recent years. Not only are more people becoming infected, but a new generation of diseases has arisen. The 'classical' venereal diseases syphilis, gonorrhoea and chancroid were legally defined in England in 1916; together with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), donovanosis, trichomoniasis, scabies and pediculosis pubis, they formed the bulk of venereological practice until the 1950s. Since then, increased importance has been attached to a group of 'second generation' STD, among which diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and by viruses are particularly significant (Table I); indeed, in many Western societies these are far commoner than the traditional venereal diseases. Chlamydial and viral STD are the subject of this paper. Medical microbiology has always thrived on comparisons between human and animal infections, and it is possible to see interesting parallels between diseases caused by these organisms in medical and veterinary practice.


Significance Superinfection with bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, following influenza leads to increased morbidity and mortality compared to infection with either the bacteria or the virus alone. For example, secondary bacterial infections were responsible for a large percentage of the 50 million deaths caused by the 1918 influenza pandemic. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has increased the threat of these bacteria commonly associated with influenza. We have determined that the increased mortality following superinfection is mediated, in part, by increased cell death in the lungs and have uncovered a molecular circuit that controls this process. A better understanding of the molecular regulation of immunity and cell death may enable the development of preventive and therapeutic treatments for bacterial superinfection. Patients infected with influenza are at high risk of secondary bacterial infection, which is a major proximate cause of morbidity and mortality. We have shown that in mice, prior infection with influenza results in increased inflammation and mortality upon Staphylococcus aureus infection, recapitulating the human disease. Lipidomic profiling of the lungs of superinfected mice revealed an increase in CYP450 metabolites during lethal superinfection. These lipids are endogenous ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARα, and we demonstrate that Ppara−/− mice are less susceptible to superinfection than wild-type mice. PPARα is an inhibitor of NFκB activation, and transcriptional profiling of cells isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed that influenza infection inhibits NFκB, thereby dampening proinflammatory and prosurvival signals. Furthermore, network analysis indicated an increase in necrotic cell death in the lungs of superinfected mice compared to mice infected with S. aureus alone. Consistent with this, we observed reduced NFκB-mediated inflammation and cell survival signaling in cells isolated from the lungs of superinfected mice. The kinase RIPK3 is required to induce necrotic cell death and is strongly induced in cells isolated from the lungs of superinfected mice compared to mice infected with S. aureus alone. Genetic and pharmacological perturbations demonstrated that PPARα mediates RIPK3-dependent necroptosis and that this pathway plays a central role in mortality following superinfection. Thus, we have identified a molecular circuit in which infection with influenza induces CYP450 metabolites that activate PPARα, leading to increased necrotic cell death in the lung which correlates with the excess mortality observed in superinfection.


The author gives his reflections as a cybernetician on the practice of planning in a presentation directed at a professional audience of planners.


Objective: To observe the curative effect of Tiaozhi Shumai Fang (TSF) for type II diabetic hyperlipemia (DH) with qi and yin deficiency syndrome (QYDS). Methods: 60 cases were allocated to treatment group(30 cases) and control group(30 cases) randomly. Both groups were treated by routine antidiabetic treatment, but TSF was added in treatment group and fish oil pill in control group. One month constituted a course of treatment and blood sugar and blood fat were observed before and after treatment. Results: The total effective rate was 93. 3% in treatment group and 73. 3% in control group respectively ( P 0. 01) . After treatment, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol(TC) were markedly improved in both groups, but the treatment group was superior than control group ( P 0.01); the improvement of high - density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low - density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL - C) in treatment group was superior than control group ( P 0. 01). In addition, the improvement of blood sugar in treatment group was superior than control group( P 0. 01). Conclusion: TSF possesses a good effect for DH with QYDS and a supplemental effect for lowering blood sugar.


Prostate cancer is the second-deadliest cancer in men in the United States, seriously affecting people's life and health. The Gleason grading system is one of the most reliable methods to quantify the invasiveness of prostate cancer, which is of great significance for risk assessment and treatment planning for patients. However, the task of automating Gleason grading is difficult because of the complexity of pathological images of prostate cancer. This paper presents an automated Gleason grading and Gleason pattern region segmentation method based on deep learning for pathological images of prostate cancer. An architecture combining the atrous spatial pyramid pooling and the multiscale standard convolution is proposed for the segmentation of the Gleason pattern region to get accurate Gleason grading. In addition, the postprocessing procedure based on conditional random fields is applied to the prediction. The quantitative experiments on 1211 prostate cancer tissue microarrays demonstrate that our results have a high correlation with the manual segmentations. The mean intersection over union and the overall pixel accuracy for the Gleason pattern region are 77.29% and 89.51%, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the automatic Gleason grading were comparable to the results of experienced pathologists. The inter-annotator agreements between the model and the pathologists, quantified via Cohen's quadratic kappa statistic, was 0.77 on average. Our study shows that the method of combining different deep neural network architectures is suitable for more objective and reproducible Gleason grading of prostate cancer.


Experimental design (ED) is a powerful technique for optimizing the performance of a process. Compared to a model-based optimization technique, ED does not require the development of mathematical formulation but nevertheless needs a good model or experimental setup and statistical analysis. This paper presents an ED based optimization approach of a dividing wall column (DWC) model for industrial oleochemical fatty acid fractionation. Taguchi method of ED will be used for the optimization of the control variables for efficient fractionation of fatty acid cuts, namely light-cut (LC), middle-cut (MC) and heavy-cut (HC). The DWC model was developed in Aspen Plus software using a rigorous four-column configuration. It is used to identify sensitive parameters, simulate experimental layout trials and results validation. The process is designed to achieve product purity of >99 mol.% LC and MC, and >90 mol.% for HC. A step-by-step approach to process optimization using Taguchi method is presented along with the statistical analysis results and their interpretation. The ED output will help in understanding the interaction between variables and their effects. With its simple, fast and non-tedious approach, ED using Taguchi method could prove its significance in improving the performance of fatty acid fractionation using DWC for possible industrial application.


In order to analyse the hormonal regulation of flower bud shedding in Begonia, levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene were determined in buds and pedicels. The translocation and metabolism of 14C-labeled IAA in pedicel segments were also studied.

In a monoecious Begonia fuchsioides hybrid, abscising male flower buds contain about 1% of the IAA present in non-abscising female flowers. In a male Begonia davisii hybrid, the seasonal variation in bud drop coincides with changes in the IAA content of the buds, while also the release of IAA from the bud to the pedicel is hampered.

Abscission zones of these pedicels always contain abscission promoting ethylene concentrations. The tissue is prevented from responding with abscission by IAA from the flower buds. The buds also contain ABA but without influencing abscission considerably.

Pretreatment with ethylene or ABA does not affect IAA transport in pedicel segments. The rate of this transport is 4–6 mm × h–1:; the capacity increases with the transverse area. In young segments, IAA is decarboxylated and also otherwise metabolized.


This study shows how different aspects of creativity are expressed in current literature about songwriting. The study includes twelve recently published handbooks that were selected after a search ...


This is a follow‐up to our earlier work for the charge(vector) and matter(scalar) distributions for S‐wave states in a heavy‐light meson, where the heavy quark is static and the light quark has a mass about that of the strange quark. The calculation is again carried out with dynamical fermions on a 16324 lattice with a lattice spacing of about 0.14 fm. It is shown that several features of the S‐ and P‐wave distributions are in qualitative agreement with what one expects from a simple one‐body Dirac equation interpretation.


Compact Ranges represent a standard in fast and real-time antenna, RCS and payload measurements. For (communication) satellite antenna testing, besides near-field test facilities, the compensated compact range (CCR) of EADS Astrium was identified as preferred and highly accurate test facility by worldwide leading satellite manufacturers. Within this paper, the CCR of EADS Astrium GmbH will be described firstly before discussing different test applications and its requirements. Due to the fact that the available frequency spectrum and satellite orbits are both getting more and more crowded, the demands on satellite antennas using efficiently these resources are increasing. This implies more complex antenna structures with very stringent requirements on the antenna and payload tests. Finally, typical tests for antenna pattern and gain as well payload parameter measurements will be described.


this time only a scar remained at the site of the carbuncle on his neck; the one on his thigh had completely aborted. Case 7.-Mr. K., aged 41, had had a carbuncle on his right forearm for five days. He complained of pain up the arm and in the axilla. He was anxious to return to work as soon as possible, and 200,000 units of penicillin was given twice daily for three days, and a single dose on the fourth day. By this time the swelling had nearly subsided and the carbuncle was discharging freely. Comment The successful treatment of the above cases would seem to justify the use of large doses of penicillin at infrequent intervals, such as can conveniently be carried out in general practice. The particular dosage was chosen on the grounds of economy; larger doses might be even more effective and might possibly be of use in more serious conditions. In Cases 3, 6, and 7 the carbuncles cleared up in about five days and the patients were fit for work within a week; indeed, one patient continued working, though against advice, during treatment. This is an important consideration when the cost of the treatment is taken into account. The introduction of the more highly purified white crystalline penicillin will probably greatly increase the value of this form of treatment.