This thesis aims to identify a way to make the industries incorporate goals of environmental preservation to their production systems more easily, quickly and without loss of competitiveness, and then to contribute more significantly to the global effort for sustainability of the planet. For this, this paper aims to achieve two goals. The first is to organize the available knowledge about the production models with environmental concerns and make a comparison between them, to assist managers of manufacturing firms interested in adopting them to make his choice. The second objective is to investigate the feasibility of using simple management tools production, available to any company, to get increased revenue, also to the environmental aspects, as well as improving productivity and quality. The research was conducted with companies in the foundry sector in the State of São Paulo, because it is a very important sector to the economy and has a high potential for environmental degradation. The method chosen was multiple case study with data collection in 10 companies. Through personal interview, questions were evaluated regarding adherence to the model of Lean Manufacturing and to the model of Cleaner Production. The LM model was chosen as the object of study to be a widespread model and its practices well known. Furthermore, it is based on the reduction of waste, which has a large identification with the resource rationalization aspects of the model of P + L. This model, in turn, was selected from the results of the comparisons made in the pursuit of the goal number one. Being a model more directly linked to the transformation processes, this model seems to be more suitable to be adopted in production processes. The data collected served to answer three research questions by analyzing the correlation of the adherence level to the two models. Besides this relationship, it has been studied the influence of the certification of environmental management systems and the need for additional actions to the LM to improve environmental performance. The conclusion of this study showed that it is possible to achieve environmental performance goals by the use of LM practices. Besides not resulting in increased costs, because it will not become an extra activity, the company will still have benefits from increased productivity and reduction of waste. Key-words: Lean Manufacturing. Cleaner Production. Sustainability. Foundry. Multiple Case Study.


Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller approximation level A. Manian,1 R. A. Shaw,2 I. Lyskov,1 W. Wong,3, 4 and S. P. Russo1, a) 1)ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT Univeristy, Melbourne, 3000, Australia. 2)Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK 3)ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia. 4)Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia


Liver is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis. Once disseminated, the prognosis is poor as these tumors often display generalized chemoresistance, particularly for carcinomas that derive not from the aerodigestive tract. When these cancers seed the liver, the aggressive cells usually undergo a mesenchymal to epithelial reverting transition that both aids colonization and renders the tumor cells chemoresistant. In vitro studies demonstrate that hepatocytes drive this phenotypic shift. However, the in vivo evidence and the molecular signals that protect these cells from induced death are yet to be defined. Herein, we report that membrane surface E‐cadherin‐expressing prostate cancer cells were resistant to cell death by chemotherapeutic drugs but E‐cadherin null cells or those expressing E‐cadherin only in the cytoplasm were sensitive to death signals and chemotherapies both in vitro and in vivo. While cell‐cell E‐cadherin ligandation reduced mitogenesis, this chemoprotection was proliferation‐independent as killing of both 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine‐positive (or Ki67+) and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine‐negative (Ki67‐) cells was inversely related to membrane‐bound E‐cadherin. Inhibiting the canonical survival kinases extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases, protein kinase B, and Janus kinase, which are activated by chemotherapeutics in epithelial cell‐transitioned prostate cancer, abrogated the chemoresistance both in cell culture and in animal models of metastatic cancer. For disseminated tumors, protein kinase B disruption in itself had no effect on tumor survival but was synergistic with chemotherapy, leading to increased killing. Conclusion: Liver microenvironment‐driven phenotypic switching of carcinoma cells and subsequent survival signaling results in activation of canonical survival pathways that protect the disseminated prostate cancer liver micrometastases in a proliferation‐independent manner, and these pathways can be targeted as an adjuvant treatment to improve the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutics (Hepatology 2016;64:1725‐1742)


The discovery of herbicide resistance in a range of winter weeds has posed a significant threat to the northern cropping region. Many of the control methods available to combat these herbicide resistant weeds are potentially more expensive, more inconvenient and possibly less effective than previously used methods. Nine paddocks were selected that were identified as having weeds resistant to group A (Avena spp.wild oats) or group B herbicides (Rapistum rugosum turnip weed, Sisymbrium orientale Indian hedge mustard, Sisymbrium thellungii African turnip weed, Fallopia convolulus climbing buckwheat or Sonchus oleraceus common sowthistle). Records were kept of the type and effectiveness of management practices in these paddocks. Paddocks were rated for weed density in fixed quadrats (1m × 10m) in early winter and mid spring so that successful practices could be determined. Weed density was assessed for 2 years using a ranking system based on the log scale (Table 1).


The presented work describes the research findings related to the impact of temperature and structural effects on electrical resistivity of concrete during its hardening. The methodology is based on formulation and implementation of the concept of concrete iso-strength (iso-structural) condition. The experimental data analysis under the iso-strength conditions within the temperature range: 283–313 0K allows to suggest that the state of electrically conductive phase - structured water consecutively transforms from liquid to quasi-solid. The ability is shown of separating the temperature and structural effects and their impact on the value and the nature of electrical resistivity in the process of concrete hardening. The temperature impact on the resistivity changes in the hardening' process. Upon reaching a certain strength' value, corresponding to a sufficiently high level of structure development, the temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity changes its sign: it changes from a negative to a positive area


The availability and cost of tools are among concerns to the public and industries as key operation device used either for commercial or maintenance purposes such precision grinders or polishing machines are usually expensive. Assorted grinding tools in the market differ in terms of cost, required user proficiency levels and have different tool designs that can lead to limitations of flatness of ground surface and significant vibrations with prolonged use. The aim of this study is to develop a design compact grinder that is able to perform precise grinding and polishing while being cost efficient. Both functionality and ergonomic aspects were taken into consideration with market standards derived from datasheets. An initial design of the grinding machine was made using SolidWorks CAD software. A prototype was subsequently constructed and tested by using typical metallurgical sample preparation process with test parameters of grade of grinding paper and usage of lubricant. Microscopic image of ground specimens showed improvement in the quality of grinding with emery paper grades from coarse to fine grits with lubricant during the grinding process. Moreover, the designed compact grinding machine showed better surface finish when compared to using a typical angle grinder on aluminium sample.


Child rearing practices do have a strong impact on personality. The present study analyses the family pat tern, its influence on the methods of child re airing and its subsequent impact on personality in India. The subjects for the present study were brought up in the joint-family system which was very prominent in India a generation ago. The joint-family system adds to the distance between parents and their children. The parents deprive their children of overt affection in front of their elders as this is not ' desirable. The sample consisted of 70 Indian subjects. This group of 70 constituted 45 subjects who were in India and had never been to the United States, and 25 subjects who were studying at The University of Arizona. The overindulgent infancy, permissiveness without acceptance, lack of emotional warmth in the Indian mother, undue stress on regard and obligation toward elders, especially the father, were presumed to lead to a somewhat different personality pattern in Indian males as compared to American males. The results show that Indian males are introverted, non-conforming and sensitive. The strong feelings of guilt among Indian males are perhaps related to oversensitiveness and rigid super-ego strength. ■ The ego -


AbstractThe use of acupuncture treatment as a technique for pain relief in the clinical situation has increased dramatically over the past few years. It has attracted much attention in this area of practice because of its putative effectiveness and practical convenience of use. This paper attempts to briefly review the efficacy of acupuncture as a clinical tool by examining available evidence to ascertain whether these claims are justified. Evidence relating to the physical, histological and biophysical properties of acupuncture points is considered with what is known about the effects of stimulating these sites. Findings from studies on the biochemical, pharmacological and physiological effects of acupuncture are overviewed. While there is some evidence to support the use of acupuncture as a pain relieving treatment modality, additional well structured randomized controlled trials need to be conducted together with high quality systematic reviews of the existing literature before this modality can be ful...


The first forecasts of stream-flow from snow-surveys made by Dr. J. E. Church were for the Truckee River and the level of Lake Tahoe. These forecasts were in percentages of normal based on only the first year's measurement expanded by comparison to the snow-depth record at Summit and adjacent stations. Dr. Church computed the snow-depth at Summit to be 86 per cent of normal and assumed his first snow-survey water-content to also be 86 per cent of normal, thereby arriving at a figure representing a normal for that snow-cover. This method is used to the present date where there is a lack of runoff-data.


This paper discusses two practical strategies to quantify the uncertainty in production and injection forecasts for a field with a long and complex production history with poor quality measurements. These methods are applied to a large offshore field in Africa that has been on production for more than 30 years. The first method follows an advanced Experimental Design framework and requires the use of non-linear Response Surfaces such as kriging. The second method uses sensitivity coefficients; it can be considered as a first pass to evaluate uncertainty before embarking in a more comprehensive analysis. Both methods lead to multiple acceptable representations of the history of the reservoir. The range of outcomes obtained with production forecasts allows for uncertainty quantification. In this case, both methods delivered similar prediction results.


Abstract : An attempt was made to prepare 1,2,7,8-pyrenetetramine to be used as a monomer in the development of a high temperature polyquinoxaline polymer. Unfortunately, the monomer was too unstable for pruification. The characterization of the monomer was accomplished by the preparation of a derivative, 1,2,7,8-pyrenetetracetamide, by two alternate routes.


In this article,the relation between resin distribution on strand surfaces and mechanical properties of oriented strand board(OSB) was studied.The results found that the pressure of the spray nozzle determined the diameter of resin droplets,and higher pressure resulted in resin droplets with smaller diameter.Further tests on the mechanical properties of OSB showed that the IB,MOE∥ and MOR∥ of OSB were changed remarkably with the diameter of resin droplets and resin distribution on strand surfaces.Small diameter resin droplets and symmetrical resin distribution were helpful for improving mechanical properties for OSB.


April 10, 1990. It was a windy day in Minneapolis. The blond haired, blue eyed natives were sunbathing in forty-five degree weather, a sure sign of trouble ahead. I was working the day watch out of Public Law Division. My boss is Bob Stein. My sometime partner is Dan Farber. My name's Frickey. I'm a law professor. I was investigating the mysterious disappearance of the tenth amendment. It was there in the Constitution, I mean almost from the start. But nobody was ever really sure whether it said anything important, and what happened to it. I decided to take to the stairs and ask my first-year Constitutional Law class whether they had seen it lately, or at all. So I asked my class when we had last seen the tenth amendment. Nobody answered. I called on a student. She started talking about representation reinforcement, and nonoriginalism, and normativism, and evolving values, and making the Constitution the best Constitution it could be, and about the New Deal as a transformative substitute for a second (or maybe even a third) Constitutional Convention. Her discussion of constitutional moments was taking too many minutes. "Just the facts, ma'am," I said. She didn't have any, just a lot of law, or what passes for it nowadays. So I reminded the class that we had seen the tenth amendment, in name or in gubstance, influence the outcome in 7e Civil Rights Cases' during the fall semester. They looked at me as if I were speaking Babylonian. So I reminded them about what that case had held, that under principles of federalism, the Civil Rights Act of 18752 was an unconstitutional at-


The current study, using a factor level analysis approach, validity of the Social Emotional Development Instrument (SED education. Although there are a multitude of models and measures that borrow from the premise of emotional intelligence (EI), very few current instruments focus exclusiv developmental path of social emotional competenc prior validity studies with these measures fail to include a full spectrum of potential convergent and discriminant analyses assessed at the factor level. SED-I is a reliable, robust and comprehensive measurement for assessing college students' social emotional competency changes. Limitation discussed.


The present invention provides a delay circuit, the test apparatus, a storage medium, a semiconductor chip, and the initialization circuit initialization method. The delay circuit comprising: a first delay element; a second delay element; and measuring the delay amount generated by the first delay element of each delay set value and to initialize the first delay element portion initialized. Initialization section comprising: a first circulating path of the output signal input of the first delay element to the first delay element; a second circulation path of the output signal of the second delay element is input to the second delay element; of first delay elements sequentially set different delay setting value, followed by measurement of the first measuring unit delay amount of the first delay element; the delay set value of the second delay element is not changed, and the first measuring unit measuring the second synchronous delay element measuring the amount of the second portion of the delay; synchronization with the second measuring unit measuring a delay amount corresponding to the obtained delay amount to the correction of the first measuring section of the delay amount calculation unit.


The paper presents the results of investigations of viability and phospholipids isolated from field bean seeds of different ages. Seeds were stored for seven years under controlled conditions in the Genes Bank in Radzikow. No significant changes were detected in content or composition of phospholipids in seeds stored either at 4 o C or in a CO 2 atmosphere, which seem to have maintained high viability. In embryonic axes of seeds stored at 18 o C in air the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine declined, whereas those phosphatidic acid and unidentified fractions of the smallest polarity increased.


The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of employing Concept Mapping (hereafter CM) in vocabulary instruction on Iranian pre-university students. This study also seeks to find whether there is difference between male and female students' vocabulary learning when they are subjected to CM instruction. In so doing, an Oxford Placement Test was administered among 120 pre-university students in two high schools in Iran.  Eighty    students who scored between +1 and -1 standard deviation above and below the mean were selected and randomly assigned into concept mapping group (CM) and non-concept mapping group (NCM) (20 male and 20 female). The results indicated that the CM group outperformed the NCM group in vocabulary learning. It was also revealed that there was no significant difference between males and females. Some pedagogical implications in the EFL context are discussed in the subsequent section. Keywords: vocabulary instruction, pre-university students, concept mapping


SUMMARY. The life cycle of Pentapedilum uncinatum in the Tjeukemeer is briefly described. There are two generations of larvae per year in the mud substrate but only one generation per year in the sand substrate. Changes in chemical composition during the life cycle of P. uncinatum are described, and the data indicate that such changes are not synchronized with particular larval instars but follow a predetermined development pattern for the production of an adult insect. Development appears to be the same in both male and female larvae which results in adult insects that have almost identical percentage composition of chemical substances, but proportionately greater growth in female larvae gives an adult insect that is almost twice as heavy as the male.


Introduction: Traditional food (TF) is locally derived food harvested from the environment, which gives vital sustenance to an Arctic Indigenous People, the Inuit. TF contributes significantly to daily required nutrients. The Arctic is experiencing rapid climate change which is affecting access and availability of TF and potentially nutrient intake for Inuit. Objective: To characterizes the nutritional implications of climate change related to the TF system of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada. Methods: Two‐day focus groups and a frequency survey of 12 TF species were carried out in two Nunavut communities to record climate change observations and TF intake (g/day). Intake of 22 nutrients was compared to respective Dietary Reference Intakes. Results: Communities found climate change was affecting the TF harvest in both positive and negative ways. TF provided 100% of the Estimated Average Intakes for protein, vitamins A and B6, riboflavin, P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se, and of the Adequate Intake for omega 3 fatty acids. Overall median daily intake of TF was 367 g/day and top species/parts were known wildlife foods. Conclusions: If climate change leads to increased TF harvest, nutrient intake has the potential to increase. Climate changes that may reduce access to TF may have serious consequences on dietary nutrient status of Inuit if no countermeasures are taken. Research Supported by: ArcticNet, Canada.


The task of determining whether one sentence intuitively entails another sentence often depends on a rich body of lexical and world knowledge. Since its emergence in the 1960s, however, the formal semantics of natural language has shown that an important class of entailment relations can be accounted for in terms of the compositional structure of a sentence, more specifically, from the way functional or logical expressions combined with other expressions to build complex expressions. In Mineshima et al. (2015), we presented a system that combines formal compositional semantics with a wide-coverage CCG parser (Clark and Curran, 2004) and performs inferences in higherorder logic (HOL). The system is applied to textual entailment tasks, and consists of three steps. First, using the CCG parser, sentences are mapped onto CCG derivation trees. Then, the outputs are compositionally mapped onto formulas in HOL. Finally, the inference system checks for entailment and contradiction; for a set of premises P1, . . . , Pn and a conclusion H , the system outputs yes if P1∧· · ·∧Pn → H is proved, no if P1∧· · ·∧Pn → ¬H is proved, and unknown otherwise. The system was evaluated on the FraCaS dataset (Cooper et al., 1994; MacCartney and Manning, 2007), which consists of linguistically challenging entailment problems. The results showed that our system performs efficient and precise inferences on complex phenomena such as generalized quantifiers, coordination, adjectives, intensional modifiers, and attitude verbs, improving on the Boxer/Nutcracker system (Bos et al., 2004) based on the standard first-order logic. The focus of the system presented in Mineshima et al. (2015) is on logical and structural aspects of inferences—typical instances are those triggered by logical expressions such as quantifiers, negation, and connectives. However, in order to deal with lexical knowledge and develop a richer system of natural language inference, our system needs to be augmented with other methods. One possible step to achieve this goal is to integrate distributional approaches to word meanings with formal semantics. The primary motivation behind such a hybrid system is the thought that the two approaches to semantics are complementary; formal semantics can capture logical/structural aspects of entailment in a clear way but usually do not handle rich lexical contents of particular words, while the opposite is true of distributional semantics. Important contributions along this line of thought include the hybrid system of Lewis and Steedman (2013), where lexical contents of words are represented by first clustering predicates based on their usage in large corpora. In this paper, we attempt to combine the system of Mineshima et al. (2015) with an abduction mechanism that discerns linguistic relationships between words from the premises and the conclusion and introduces axioms on-demand.


Azulenequinones gave dimers when they were irradiated with a high-pressure mercury lamp. In polar solvents, head-to-head dimers were predominant, whereas head-to-tail dimers increased in less polar solvents. From 3-methoxy-1,5-azulenequinone, four products were obtained, while bromoazulenequinones and 1,5-azulenequinone gave a single dimer. The product distribution was dependent on the polarity of solvents, substituents, and concentrations.


Social change is the result of the process which enabled human beings to reach the lev-el of modern society from the level of primitive society. In modern life, with the effect of social change, the concepts of marriage and divorce have changed considerably; marriage and di-vorce have been stripped off from the effect of taboos and alternative life styles peculiar to the modern life have emerged. Because of the fact that children and adults are in the risk group in terms of familial problems which may emerge as a result of social change, pro-fessional effort must be spent against the neg-ative conditions which affect the fellowship of family in an interdisciplinary approach.


Objectives of the research were to analyze diversities and compositions of Arthropod on wild crops around the farming land of Chrysanthemum indicum and functional status of the Arthropods. The research was conducted at the farming land of Chrysanthemum indicum, in greenhouse and non-greenhouse at Bumiaji Subdistrict, Batu. Observation on Arthropods used sample plots, 1 x 1 m2, by direct observation method on four variations of time. Collecting data was done by counting the whole Arthropods, which visited the plots of the tested-crops. Community structure of the Arthropods is determined using Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index, while Bray-Curtis Similarity Index is used to compare the composition of Arthropods in greenhouse and non- greenhouse. The arthropods abundance in both farming lands was compared using Kuskall Wallis's and Mann Whitney's tests. Results of the research showed that community of Arthropods on Sonchus arvensis L. has the highest varieties, both at the greenhouse and non-greenhouse, by diversity index (H') values 1.871 and 1.516, respectively. Based on Bray-Curtis Similarity Index, the similarity value of Arthropod's community between both lands was about 0.5928. Based on results of Kruskall Wallis' and Mann Whitney's tests, greenhouse and non-greenhouse treatments have not affected on the arthropods abundance.


Within corporate governance, the board of directors plays a major role in improving corporate transparency by increasing the disclosure of CSR information. In this paper, we analyse the effect of board composition, particularly board independence, board gender diversity, CEO duality and the presence of a CSR board committee, on CSR reporting. Evidence of this effect is still scarce when it concerns the effect of corporate governance mechanisms and CSR disclosure in firms pertaining to emerging market economies, and for this reason, our study focuses on this type of country. Our sample comprises 934 international firm-year observations from the following 10 countries with emerging markets: Brazil, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa and Thailand for the period 2004–2015. This classification of countries with emerging markets is based on the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Emerging Markets Index, also used by Paramati et al. (2017). Drawing on agency and stakeholder approaches, we posit four hypotheses: board independence and CSR board committees positively affect CSR disclosure, whereas board gender diversity and CEO duality have a negative effect. The results obtained reveal that in emerging market economies, the presence of women on boards of directors is quite limited and, therefore, their participation in decision-making is minimal. Furthermore, CEO duality discourages the disclosure of CSR information, which may be justified for the family orientation of most firms in these countries, where the CEO is usually also the chairperson of the board.


FAST (Fusion Advanced Studies Torus), the Italian proposal of a Satellite Facility to ITER, has been the object of an intense re-design activity aimed at verifying the feasibility of a superconducting solution for its magnet system. One of the most difficult and critical obstacles is represented by the central solenoid (CS) magnet, due to the rapid variation of the current and magnetic field (up to 40 T/s) foreseen so far in the reference scenario. The associated losses induced in the CS magnets should be dissipated by the flow of helium that cools the conductors. Nonetheless, even the losses depend on the conductor design, therefore, not only the thermal-hydraulics of the Cable-in-Conduit Conductors (CICCs) but also the strand properties, should be considered to identify the best design capable to sustain the transient in the CS magnets, keeping the scenario originally foreseen for the resistive configuration of the machine unaltered. The present paper discusses the electromagnetic and thermal-hydraulic behavior of the CICC design envisaged for the FAST CS magnet in the H-mode scenario, and identifies the possible strategies to make a superconducting solution sustainable.


Gaze estimation is used to identify the eye foci of users for intention identification or as the input devi for computer/control systems. A novel long-range gai estimation algorithm is developed in this paper wi interpolations method and head motions compensation Among multiple near-infrared (NIR) emitters, particul sets of NIR's are chosen for different head positions provide the optimal gaze point estimations. Experimen were conducted showing satisfactory results for t method.


Inorganic submicron particles, such as TiO2, were modified with titanate coupling agents. The structure and stability of some titanates, both in solution and at the particle surface, were investigated by various methods. The modified titanium dioxide was dispersed in a solution of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) in water. The surfactant adsorbs at the now hydrophobic particle surface, thus creating a micellelike structure with an inorganic particle in the centre. In this system an emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out. Product formed at the particle surface is either physically bound by entanglement or chemically bound by covalent bonding to the titanates. In this way a core-shell morphology is obtained with an inorganic core and a polymer shell. The effects of several reaction parameters on the kinetics of the polymerization were studied. The encapsulated TiO2 particles may offer interesting prospects in those applications where good coupling between polymer matrix and inorganic particles is necessary, such as latex paints and polymer composite materials.


Water scarcity in many countries around the world is due to population growth, human, industrial and agriculture activities, climatic changes and also due to global warming. Purification of brackish water is the only solution for this scarcity. The best method opted for this purification is desalination using solar energy. Thus pure water can be obtained by distillation in the simplest solar still.


A dean for twenty two years, Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez, O.P., achieved stellar works at the Faculty of Pharmacy. His crowning achievements were his contributions to pharmaceutical education with the establishment of two new courses, the re-setting up of the Pharmacy Botany Garden, the creation of the Research Council and Center and the organization of the journal Acta Manilana. He also dedicated luminaries to the Hall of Fame and published several articles and books in pharmaceutical education, botany and pharmaceutical history. He was an avid historian and an ardent admirer of plants and gardens and had a deep passion for the pharmacy profession. He was an active member of many organizations in both scientific and religious fields. His outstanding achievements led to the quality improvement of the pharmaceutical education, practice, and services.


A technique based on entropy minimization principle is developed for fusing netted radar data. It is proved that entropy minimization principle and SNR maximization principle are consistent when used in point radar target. However, the entropy minimization principle is more suitable for a complex radar target, and the weights are calculated iteratively. In this aspect, the weights of SNR maximization principle cannot be calculated easily.


Aim:To observe the effects of idazaxon(Ida) on astrocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)and expressions of inflammatory cytokines.Methods:The purified astrocytes whose purity95% were divided randomly to three groups:blank control group(7 plates),LPS-treated group(7 plates) and Ida-pretreated before induced by LPS group(7 plates).In each drug treated group,the dose of Ida was 100μmol·L~- 1and the dose of LPS was 10μg·mL~(-1).The Ida pretreated time was 6 hours and the cotreating time of drugs lasted for 12 hours and LPS lasted for 12 hours.The culture supernatant was collected after LPS treated 12 and 24 hours.The level of cytokines was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). And the cells after treated by LPS 24 hours were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) to get information of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nuclear factorκB(NF-κB).Results:Ida could reduced the serection of cytokines of astrocyte induced by LPS (P0.01).Ida could reduced the expression of NF-κB(P0.05).Conclusion:Ida had the role of antiinflamation in pharmacology.


This chapter discusses the influence of energy density profile of ablating laser on the dynamics of laser-blow-off plume by using fast imaging technique. Visualization of the expanding plume in vacuum reveals that geometrical shape and divergence of the plume is highly dependent on the laser intensity profile. Present result demonstrated that the Gaussian profile laser produces a well-collimated, low divergence plasma plume as compared to plume formed by laser having top hat intensity profile. Another interesting feature observed is the formation of laser plasma induced shock wave, when the plasma expands in an ambient medium. Results clearly demonstrate that, highly directional plume produces the strong shock wave in comparison to shock produced by the diverging plume. It has also been found that shock parameters are strongly dependent on the pressure and nature of the ambient gas.


First‐trimester miscarriage is common, with women increasingly offered an ultrasound scan early in the first trimester to assess the status of their pregnancy. Ultrasound is uniquely situated to significantly impact the clinical management of these women.


The present invention discloses a method for providing accompaniment / music systems and methods and services. In order to implement a system and method for providing accompaniment / music service using a virtual orchestra system (VOS) file, for example, the Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) files converted from digital music files, and can be played comprises playing order of the notes and sound data for each instrument. Server over a network such as a local area network (LAN), an intranet, value-added network (VAN), the Internet and public switched telephone network to provide VOS file. Terminal selects a piece of music by the user via at least one client. Providing each instrument playing order of the notes, and the performance sound data based on the performance of each instrument note sequence, thereby performing solo or ensemble (in this case, the sound of other musical instruments is muted or as background music). It will provide the lyrics and playing order of the notes together, thus enabling solo / solo or chorus / ensemble.


I refinanced my principal home mortgage last year and paid points. What are points, and can I deduct them on my tax return?


In recent months, UC Berkeley and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have, respectively, announced and achieved their intention to make entire lecture and course materials freely available online - to anyone. Leo Pollak argues that while British universities lag far behind in online course provision, the UK is uniquely placed to innovate further than MIT, and to once again radically redefine the basis of opportunity, learning and social mobility. Copyright (c) 2008 The Author. Journal compilation (c) 2008 ippr.


Chrysochus auratus, the dogbane beetle, has been erroneously implicated as a pecan defoliator in the early literature. Alternative scenarios suggest other chrysomelid species that may have been responsible for the defoliation. Despite the importance of the host plant to the ecology and life history of phytophagous insects, knowledge of host plants for many insects remains fragmentary. Compounding this paucity of information are blatantly false host plant records which, despite their erroneous nature. are often perpetuated through citation in published works. During a recent review of the literature concerning the dogbane beetle, Chrysochus auratus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), I discovered such a reference. C. auratus was reported to have caused extensive defoliation of a pecan grove in northern Georgia during the summer of 1904 (Newell and Smith 1905). No information was given describing the behavior of t e defoliating insect, condition of the pecan trees, or nature of the plant community in the vicinity of the orchard. Moreover, I could find no follow-up to this unique occurrence in subsequent literature. This report struck me as odd in two ways. First, was it possible that an oligophagous insect such as C. auratus, known to feed exclusively upon certain members of the Apocynaceae (dogbanes) and Asclepiadaceae (milkweeds) (Weiss and West 1921). successfully attempted an extreme host plant shift (pecan, Cal)'a illinoensis, is in the distantly related Juglandaceae) in such a rapid and devastating manner? Localized feeding specializations are known among insects (Fox and Morrow 1981). but in oligophagous species these usually involve subtle host plant shifts either within or among closely related families (see Hsiao 1978). Second, given the brilliant. metallic-green coloration f C. auratus, was a misidentification likely? This matter could easily be settl d by examining specimens of the pecan defoliator. Unfortunately, I found no evidence that Newell and Smith deposited specimens of the insect in a museum (or even if they experienced the defoliation first-hand), thus the true identity of the pecan defoliator may never be known. However, aspects of the life history of C. auratus convincingly argue against this species as the perpetrator of the pecan grove defoliation. First, C. auratus is a univoltine, non-eruptive species and appears to have a sporadic distribution even when its host plants are numerous (pers. obs.), similar to the distribution of the milkweed leaf beetle, Labidomera clivicollis Kirby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and its host plants (Eickwort 1977). Second, C. auratus rarely, if ever, defoliates its host and restricts its feeding primarily to margins of leaves (Weiss and West 1921). Finally, both the low vagility of adults (pers. obs.) and root-feeding habits of C. auratus larvae effectively limit the colonizing ability of this species. Therefore, C. 'Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Blacksburg, VA 24061 1 Williams: Chrysochus Auratus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Absolved as Published by ValpoScholar, 1988 128 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 21, No.3 auratus must have been present in the pecan grove or its vicinity for some time prior to, and after, the defoliation. Published evidence for either case is lacking. How might have this apparently erroneous account arisen? The most plausible explanations are: (1) a transcriptional error by the authors or an assistant; or (2) misidentification o another metallic-green beetle. In the first case, a substitution of C. auratus for Diachus auratus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) may have been made. D. auratus feeds primarily upon willow but has been recorded from several other woody plants (Wilcox 1979). It is also metallic-green in color. In the second case, misidentifi cation of the metallic-colored eumolpine, Metachroma interruptum Say, a documented pecan-feeder (Wilcox 1979), is a possibility. Felt ( 190 I) dismissed accounts of C. auratus attacking plants other than its usual hosts as erroneous or extreme cases in which the insect attacked a novel host when driven by starvation. While I agree it is unlikely that C. auratus will attack plants other than the Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae, it is doubtful that even starvation would fuel a host plant shift to as distant a family as the Juglandaceae. Moreover, if a local extinction of its host plant were to occur, it is improbable that C. uratus would be present in the numbers necessary to colonize and defoliate a pecan grove. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully acknowledge use of the Bailey B. Pepper Entomology Library, Rutgers University, for this endeavor. The constructive comments of an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the content of this note.


The optimal brain surgeon(OBS)procedures have higher pruning-weight accuracy and node-compression,but potential post-training operation impact its application.Based on the thought of trust region and the method of regularization,the optimal brain surgeon optimized model embeded constraint was designed by introducing constraint term into training target function.Its convergence was proved theoretically.The model was implemented by the means of Levenberg-Marquardt methods,and the simulating experiments realized the parallel of training process and OBS pruning,and supported the consistency of trust region method and Levenberg-Marquardt method theoretically.


An optimized procedure for the extraction of onion pigment from onion was described.Antioxidation activity of the extracted onion pigment was studied by the Fenton reaction and the method of DPPH(1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazino) free radical(·DPPH).As indicated by the experimental results,onion pigment shown scavenging action on both the hydroxyl free radical(·OH) and 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazino free radical((·DPPH)) and gave their rates of scavenge of 42.4% and 58.2% respectively.The results of this work provided a sound scientific basis supporting the exploitation of the natural onion pigment for its application in both the food industry and preparation of nutriments.


Many emergent functions have been discovered at the interfaces of complex metal oxides, including such promising compositions as hydrous oxides of d-metal + lanthanide, Fe-Ce, and their composites. Success in applications of these materials in adsorption and catalysis depends on their structural and electronic properties which can be fully investigated by synchrotron-based techniques, such as EXAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure)/XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) that covers both crystalline and amorphous phases and provide new insight into the structure of complex oxide-based materials. To gain deeper insight on adsorptive reactivity of Fe-Ce oxide-based composites (hydrothermally precipitated at Fe-to-Ce dosage ratios of 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 0:1) their atomicscale properties at synthesis [1] as well as their reconstruction processes upon treatment at 300°C [2] were investigated by EXAFS/XANES, XRD, XPS and FTIR. The structural changes were correlated with the adsorptive removal of arsenate, phosphate, fluoride, bromide, and bromate which are the target anions for water treatment industries. In spite of general awareness of the importance of surface area in adsorptive removal, the increase in surface area upon thermal treatment did not increase adsorption of the studied anions. However, EXAFS simulations and the adsorption of most of the anions provided evidence of regularities between local structures around Fe atom in composites treated at 80 and 300°C. The best adsorption of most anions was demonstrated by adsorbents whose simulated outer Fe shells resulted from oscillations from both O and Fe atoms. In contrast, the loss of extended local structures at >4 Å was correlated with the decrease of adsorptive removal, Fig. 1 [1-2].


Background/Aims: Type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients have a higher incidence of liver disease. T1D patients frequently experience elevated plasma ketone levels along with hyperglycemia. However, no study has examined whether hyperketonemia per se has any role in excess liver damage in T1D. This study investigates the hypothesis that hyperketonemia can induce oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction. Methods: STZ treated diabetic rats, FL83B hepatocytes, and GCLC knocked down (GSH deficient) hepatocytes were used. Results: The blood levels of ALT and AST, biomarkers of liver damage, and ketones were elevated in T1D rats. An increase in NOX4 and ROS along with a reduction in GSH and GCLC levels was observed in T1D rat livers in comparison to those seen in non-diabetic control or type 2 diabetic rats. MCP-1 and ICAM-1 were also elevated in T1D rat livers and ketone treated hepatocytes. Macrophage markers CCR2 and CD11A that interact with MCP-1, and ICAM-1 respectively, were also elevated in the T1D liver, indicating macrophage infiltration. Additionally, activated macrophages increased hepatocyte damage with ketone treatment, which was similar to that seen in GCLC knockdown hepatocytes without ketones. Conclusion: Hyperketonemia per se can induce macrophage mediated damage to hepatocytes and the liver, caused by GSH depletion and oxidative stress up regulation in T1D.


Multi-sensor image registration can combine information obtained by multimodality sensors and describe the scene more accurately, thus making it a hot research topic in the field of image processing. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for highly accurate multi-sensor image registration based on undirected graph model. In the proposed approach, the source image is divided into five patches and each patch slides in the target image to obtain a correlation surface which describes the similarity between the patch and the corresponding region of the target image. To promote the global consistency of the registration result, we treat every point on the correlation surface as a state of a node of UGM, while the similarity of the motion fields in the overlapping area of two adjacent patches is viewed as an edge. Through UGM, we can get the best combination of neighboring patches, which simultaneously ensure the accuracy of each patch's motion field and the smooth transition between neighboring patches.


Although sequence pattern mining has been deeply studied,it is a challenge to extend to data streams.In the paper,algorithm MFSDS-1 and MFSDS-2 are presented for mining sequential patterns from data stream.Both of the algorithms use the storage of elected sequences which are accommodated by the elected rate.In algorithm MFSDS-2 a new structure based on levels is proposed,which not only can store the sequence well,but also can be used to find the abnormal sequence.The experiments results show that MFSDS-2 is more efficient than MFSDS-1.


Excerpt Great strides have been made in recent years toward dissemination of psychiatric knowledge so that there now exists within the medical profession a generally wholesome attitude toward psych...


This system will generate extension decision applied to environmental problems of the practical problems of research and extension model was established,the implementation of the extension analysis,design strategies to solve the problem,generate a set of extension strategy,the last of the Implementation of the optimal policy set evaluation.


BARADWAJ, NIKHIL. Traffic Quantization and its Application to QoS Routing. (Under the direction of Professor George N. Rouskas). In today's high speed networks, the data transmission rate available is usually a multiple of some base rate. An example is that of the T-carrier circuits having transmission rates that are a multiple of the fractional T1 system which is 64 Kbps. The base rate usually depends on the characteristics of the data being transmitted such as audio, video or other types of data. Our objective is to design efficient heuristics to quantize the user traffic demands based on bandwidth into multiples of such base rates such that the excess bandwidth spent due to quantization is minimized. In doing so, our contribution is twofold. First, there is always a penalty that one has to pay to reconfigure the system for each transmission. This reconfiguration time could be due to several factors such as memory operations and table lookups. Our heuristics try to minimize such control/management costs. Secondly, our schemes have the flexibility on the values that the base rate can take which is consequently not hardwired into the system. Our work is greatly influenced by the extensive study in the field of location theory. We achieve our goal by modifying the p-median problem and solving it efficiently using dynamic programming and exploiting the properties of totally monotone matrices. In spite of having an additional constraint of base rate to quantize the traffic, we show that our heuristics have similar bandwidth losses when compared to previous study in the area of traffic quantization. In addition, we save more on control and management costs which are incurred during the reconfiguration of each flow. We also demonstrate through simulations that the blocking probability, defined as the ratio of number of flows blocked due to unavailability of the residual bandwidth in the network to the total number of flows, using our scheme is comparable to that of the continuous network. Traffic Quantization and its Application to QoS Routing


We investigate the diffusion of a particle subjected to a non-sinusoidal periodic potential and driven by an external constant force. To study the dynamic of the Brownian particles, we modify the shape of the potential as well as the temperature. This allows us to observe the dependence of the mean square displacement on the shape parameter as well as the diffusion coefficient. For a particular set of the system parameters, the dispersionless transport, normal diffusion and hyperdiffusion are generated in the system. We show that there exists a potential shape where some parameters of the system weakly affect the type of diffusion. The diffusion coefficient reaches its maximum around a critical value of the external field. This pronounced peak of the diffusion coefficient depends on the shape of the potential, so we have evaluated the critical force as a function of the potential features.


The thermoluminescence and ESR of gamma irradiated fused borax was investigated. With doses of IO6 r six peaks were found. The 170°C peak (heating rate 10°C/min.) is seen to be related to the ESR absorption having a mean g value of 2,0014. The thermal annealing of the ESR sample shows an exponential law with an activation energy of 0.31 eV. The build-up curve of thermoluminescence of the 170° and 200° peaks seems to be related to the filling of preformed centers. A more complex law was found for other peaks.


We report a comprehensive study of ultrafast carrier dynamics in single crystals of multiferroic BiFeO3. Using degenerate femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy, we find that the photoexcited electrons relax to the conduction band minimum through electron-phonon coupling with a ∼1 ps time constant that does not significantly change across the antiferromagnetic transition. Electrons subsequently leave the conduction band and primarily decay via radiative recombination on a nanosecond timescale, as supported by photoluminescence measurements. We find that despite the coexisting ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders in BiFeO3, its intrinsic nature results in carrier relaxation similar to that observed in bulk semiconductors.


Knowledge of floral biology is essential to crop improvement. Ten genotypes of fluted pumpkin were observed for floral morphology, phenology and insect visitation for two pumpkin was among the genotypes. Both male but male flowers we buds appeared about 4 weeks later. The flowering period gender flowering periods coincided flowering ceased when there were occurrences of successful fruits set. In both 6.00 pm and full bloom was achieved by dehisced at anthesis of the m pollen and this observed.


The invention relates to the technical field of display technology and provides an arrayed substrate and a display device. The arrayed substrate comprises a thin film transistor, a pixel electrode layer, a first passivation layer, a data line, a second passivation layer and a common electrode layer which are arranged on the substrate in sequence. The second passivation layer is only formed between the data line and the public electrode. By adjusting the thickness of the first passivation layer between the pixel electrode layer and the public electrode layer, parasitic capacitance value of the pixel electrode is improved, VHR (Voltage Holding Ratio) is maintained above a certain standard, and screen flickering caused by lower VHR when driving frequency is reduced is avoided. Due to the absence of components and circuits for controlling the parasitic capacitance, aperture ratio is not affected, and display effect is guaranteed. Finally, normal operation of the data line is guaranteed by separating the data line and the public electrode for a certain distance through the second passivation layer to reduce capacitance influence between the data line and the public electrode as much as possible.


The Balloon-Borne Ultraviolet Stellar Spectrometer (BUSS) Science Data Docummutation Program (BAPS48) is a pulse code modulation docummutation program that will format the BUSS science data contained on a one inch PCM tracking tape into a seven track serial bit stream formatted digital tape.


Introduction Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble decoy receptor secreted by osteoblasts, binds RANK-L, preventing stimulation of osteoclastogenesis. In the present study we aimed to investigate the impact of OPG variants and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in a sample of Iranian population. Methods This case-control study was done on 98 ALL and 124 healthy children. We genotyped the polymorphisms using tetra-primer ARMS-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR). Results Our findings showed that neither rs3102735 nor rs2073617 variants were associated with ALL in a sample of Iranian population. Concerning rs3102735 polymorphism, the age of ALL predispositions was significantly higher in TC+CC genotype than TT genotype (P=0.032). Furthermore, the CSF involvement was significantly higher in ALL subjects carrying TC+CC genotype (p=0.044). Conclusion We found no association between OPG (rs3102735, rs2073617) gene polymorphisms and risk of childhood ALL. Further studies with larger sample sizes and various ethnicities are necessary to verify our findings.


The chemical Damkohler number quantifies the ratio of fluid-dynamic time scales to chemical time scales. As the Damkohler number increases, the associated numerical modeling becomes increasingly sti. We propose a technique for limiting the rate of chemical kinetics in order to maintain a practical time step and reduce chemical stiness. The technique uses a maximum Damkohler number to limit reaction-rate coecients in flow regions near equilibrium while preserving the equilibrium distribution. We examine both steady and unsteady flows and compare rate-limited results with unlimited results. Computational savings greater than one order of magnitude are realized without significantly compromising the flow quality. The technique increases a CFD code's robustness by reducing the likelihood of residual divergence for steady-state calculations. Additionally, limiting the rate of chemical kinetics maintains a practical time step and allows for the use of less costly numerical schemes like explicit or semi-implicit methods for chemistry calculations.


Through the research on the factors that may affect the stability of black rice pigment, the results showed that, in the acidic environment, below temperature 40 ℃, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+environment, reducing agent, low concentration of preservatives, indoor natural light or dark environment, the black rice pigment has better stability;on the contrary, in alkaline environment, relatively long time high temperature, Fe3+, oxidant,high concentration of preservatives, sunlight or ultraviolet are not conducive to the stability of black rice pigment.


The study of personality is a cross-cutting direction of research in forensic science. One of the most effective methods for studying personality is the analysis of biographical information. Oral speech is of particular importance in the production of investigative actions that have a communicative aspect, such as interrogation, confrontation and presentation for identification on the basis of voice and speech. Signs of speech are individual, which determines their forensic significance. The aim of the work is to consider the possibilities of forensic research of personality through psychological analysis of oral speech and the biographical method. The main research methods were the biographical method of studying personality and the method of analyzing oral speech. The features of a typical speech model of participants in investigative actions belonging to various psychological types were analyzed. In recent decades, a new integrative field of scientific knowledge, the forensic doctrine of speech, has been actively formed in world forensic science at the intersection of psychology and linguistics. This line of research is based on the premise that a person's oral speech is the richest source of information about a wide variety of features that characterize the speaker. Information about these features is established on the basis of an analysis of vocabulary, syntax, accent, and many other features of oral speech. Participating in the process of trace formation, reflection of events, recorded oral speech becomes a carrier of forensically significant information necessary for the detection and disclosure of crimes. The interrelation of the personality's biography with the elements of the structure of oral speech is determined. For example, some structural elements of oral speech (content) reflect individual symbols and personally significant information in speech, which is closely related to the psychological data and social status of the individual (education and professional activity). The authors note a tendency in the analysis of speech behavior – the use of a typological approach, which makes it possible to individualize tactics in the production of investigative actions. The characteristics of a typical speech model of ten psychological types of participants in investigative actions are considered. The integration of psychological research methods into forensics also gives rise to a number of problems, such as the choice of the optimal personality typology, the need to develop a unified methodology for the psychological analysis of oral speech and the availability of specialists capable of analyzing speech on the basis of a special technical base.


The discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method is now very popular for the solution of Maxwell's equations. Owing to the ability to deal with various types and shapes, and possibly locally refined meshes, it handles easily complicated geometries and remains globally explicit with easy parallelisation and extension to high orders of accuracy. However, the limitation of the stability of the method, related to the smallest elements in the mesh, requires the construction of local time-stepping algorithm. An improved local time-stepping algorithm of the explicit leap-frog DGTD method is proposed. The monostatic and bistatic radar cross section of several typical targets (a dielectric sphere, a perfect electric conductor almond, and a simplified missile) is calculated by the proposed algorithm. The simulated results show that although the entire solution relative error calculated by the proposed method has a slight increase compared with that of the previous scheme, the computational efficiency of the explicit leap-frog DGTD method is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm does not require any additional storage. Compared to the improvement of the computational efficiency, this slight increase of the relative error can be absolutely acceptable.


I found this quote while completing my master's degree in nursing. I had been in practice only about 3 years and had provided care primarily to children with cancer. While the vast majority of children with cancer survive their disease, I provided care to many who had experienced a great deal of suffering throughout their treatments and to several who later died. Nothing in my undergraduate program prepared me for feeling completely overwhelmed and helpless while watching the suffering of the parents or the children who experienced uncontrolled symptoms or ultimately died from their disease. I went back to school to learn how to "fix" or take away all that suffering. Instead, I learned that unless I could wave a magic wand and tell parents, "This has all been a bad dream — go home with your healthy child and forget this ever happened!" there was absolutely nothing I could do to take away the pain that surrounded the death of a child. What I could do was make sure that nothing I said or did, or did not say or do, added needlessly to that suffering. My practice, and, later on, my research, became focused on identifying causes of "needless" suffering for families and finding ways to prevent or address them. I practised with this idea of bearing witness to the suffering that I cannot fix, and doing my best to prevent or alleviate the rest. It served me well. However, in recent months, following the Supreme Court of Canada's decision on physician-assisted death (Carter v. Canada, 2015), I have spent considerable time revisiting my ideas of what constitutes needless suffering. While my clinical practice has all been in pediatrics and the new ruling does not apply to children under 18, in some jurisdictions euthanasia is allowed for people as young as 16 as well as for infants (Verhagen & Sauer, 2005). What follows are some of my musings on the subject, in particular on the very important role I see for nurses CJNR 2015, Vol. 47 No 2, 9–17


Extrafloral nectaries of Ancistrocactus scheeri appear to be modified spines because they are formed by an areole meristem, are unvascularized, and have no trichomes or stomata. The vascularized stalk of the gland is interpreted as a tubercle-derived outgrowth. Secretion is eccrine, and there is no proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum or dictyosomes. Stereological analysis did not reveal any quantitative changes in the gland as secretion was initiated, but there was some restructuring of cristae in the mitochondria. The relative volumes of organelles during secretion were: nuclei, 12.9% of cell volume; vacuoles, 24.3%; mitochondria, 8.23%; plastids, 4%; dictyosomes, 0.30%; and hyaloplasm, 50.2%.


Employing qualitative interviews with a diverse national sample of 184 religious families (N = 445 individuals), we present an in-depth look at how participants (a) view and frame their faith-based financial giving, (b) how they contribute to and receive from their faith communities, and (c) how the blending of faith and finances influences their marital and parental relationships.


Finding software vulnerabilities in concurrent programs is a challenging task due to the size of the state-space exploration, as the number of interleavings grows exponentially with the number of program threads and statements. We propose and evaluate EBF (Ensembles of Bounded Model Checking with Fuzzing) – a technique that combines Bounded Model Checking (BMC) and Gray-Box Fuzzing (GBF) to find software vulnerabilities in concurrent programs. Since there are no publicly-available GBF tools for concurrent code, we first propose OpenGBF – a new open-source concurrency-aware gray-box fuzzer that explores different thread schedules by instrumenting the code under test with random delays. Then, we build an ensemble of a BMC tool and OpenGBF in the following way. On the one hand, when the BMC tool in the ensemble returns a counterexample, we use it as a seed for OpenGBF, thus increasing the likelihood of executing paths guarded by complex mathematical expressions. On the other hand, we aggregate the outcomes of the BMC and GBF tools in the ensemble using a decision matrix, thus improving the accuracy of EBF. We evaluate EBF against state-of-the-art pure BMC tools and show that it can generate up to 14.9% more correct verification witnesses than the corresponding BMC tools alone. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficacy of OpenGBF, by showing that it can find 24.2% of the vulnerabilities in our evaluation suite, while non-concurrency-aware GBF tools can only find 0.55%. Finally, thanks to our concurrency-aware OpenGBF, EBF detects a data race in the open-source wolfMqtt library and reproduces known bugs in several other real-world programs, which demonstrates its effectiveness in finding vulnerabilities in real-world software.


The article reveals structural components of image of a country. The author analyzes some peculiarities of forming the contemporary Russian`s image


Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition. Accumulating evidence suggest that there is an intimate relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and psoriasis. In order to evaluate the specificity of intestinal microflora in patients with psoriasis and to investigate the link between psoriasis and gut microbiota, this study collected stool samples from 20 patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis and 20 healthy controls. Methodological details are provided in the online supplementary material.


The objective of the Third Public Sector Modernization Project is to improve quality of the public financial reporting and to improve access to selected enhanced e-government services. This project restructuring is in response to the request from the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Armenia (MoF) dated April 1, 2019 (enclosed). The request is to replace the Foreign Financial Projects Management Center ('FFPMC') as the project implementing agency under MoF responsible for fiduciary functions with the newly created Project Implementation Department ('PID'). The PID is the new name of the same implementing agency which has been subject to organizational changes for absorbing the subordinate project implementing unit (PIU) within the structure of MoF. The proposed amendment does not entail any other changes to the project. The project team re-assessed the financial management and procurement arrangements and concluded that the capacity remains satisfactory. The financial management arrangements under the project are adequate and acceptable to the Bank, and there are no overdue audits under the project.


Oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) are important biogeochemical provinces of the global oceans wherein standing dissolved oxygen concentrations decrease to nanomolar levels. Despite their confinement, these regions are disproportionally important to the ocean's role in modulating Earth's climate through the interactions between the marine nitrogen cycle and that of carbon. Moreover, the spatial domain of low oxygen regions of the ocean is predicted to change as a consequence of ocean warming, increased stratification, and changes in circulation and productivity. However, the expanse of the modern ODZs is poorly resolved due to a dearth of direct sampling compounded with errors that arise in the processing and gridding of the sparse measurements that do exist. Here, we take a novel approach to map the horizontal and vertical extent of the two major ODZs of the eastern tropical Pacific via analysis of meter‐scale resolution electrode sensors from both ship casts and Argo profiles, rather than from discretized bottle measurements. The resulting three‐dimensional data product is based on a compendium of nearly 15 million measurements taken across three decades and provides the precise locations of low oxygen water, elucidating the ODZs' three‐dimensional structures. It can be utilized by researchers to validate models, plan cruise occupations, and as a comparison for future change. Calculations made with this high‐resolution atlas also provide the volumes, layers of maximal areal extent, and other descriptive statistics for both Pacific ODZs. Finally, the atlas reveals fine‐scale features of oxygenated water mass intrusions and regional differences across these anoxic zones.


Dependable and efficient diagnosis of exposures to Bacillus anthracis has long been a major concern for clinicians because effective treatment requires intervention early in the course of disease. Thus, treatment of B. anthracis infection has relied on much earlier identification of the pathogen before the onset of symptoms. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as early sentinels of anthrax exposure. We identified a number of host biomarkers for B. anthracis infection by profiling the expression of mRNA transcripts in infected PBMCs. Exposure to B. anthracis down regulated p38 MAP kinase, NF‐kB, fibronectin, IL‐2 and IL‐8, matrix metallopeptidases, T‐cell receptors. On the other hand, B. anthracis induced genes involved in COX‐2, PKC, JAK/STAT, IFNG pathways, TLR4, MYD88, CASP1, IL‐1alpha, IL‐6 and the B‐cell CD markers: CD79, CD38 and CD72. Identification of definite gene expression profiles and patterns in infected cells may suggest suitable strategies for prevention or treatment that would lead to alteration of the disease progression.


Further to our previous letter ( [Owen et al , 2003][1]) we are writing to respond to Dr Turner's assertion ( [Turner, 2003][2]) that biological psychiatrists secretly want to take the humanity out of the humanities. This highlights a conceptual division within psychiatry and one partisan


There has been a resurgence of interest in ocular syphilis following recent report that spirochetes may be recovered from the aqueous humor of inflamed eyes. The year, 1969, is also the 100th anniversary of the discovery by Argyll Robertson of the pupillary reactions named after him. Thus, the text is presented at this time to summarize our knowledge of ocular syphilis and pay tribute to Argyll Robertson. The book may be appropriately divided into three parts: The first part is devoted to the life of Argyll Robertson and the status of knowledge concerning pupillary reactions in his time. The second division deals briefly with the implications stemming from discovery of Treponema forms, or as some who hesitate to commit themselves would say, spiral forms within the inflamed eye. The present status of therapy for syphilis is also discussed here. The third division, and the major portion of the volume, is written by Irene Lowenfeld and consists of a critical survey of the literature on


As we all know,Zou Tao-fen is an excellent journalist,publishing house,was a progressive patriotic political commentators.He published in life magazine,the public and the National Journal of the war,due to its objective of publicity and its focus on position,press and reader discussions on an equal footing,forming the newspaper of the public domain.Role as spokesman in this public area,Zou Tao-fen news positive comments,set up reader mail and small boutique,such as columns,communicate with colleagues and readers.These activities have fully demonstrated Zou taofen's editing and publishing in the newspaper public opinion to guide the role of the public space.


Deaminized casein is grossly inadequate as the sole source of nitrogen, so in our studies of its nutritional properties it has been combined with other proteins. It has been shown in earlier papers (I, 2) that when deaminized casein is combined with gelatin or gliadin, or a laboratory preparation of lactalbumin, and fed to rats they become severely anemic, fail to grow, and die. Surprisingly enough, if deaminized casein is combined with normal casein in the diet, the rats do not become anemic and they grow normally. If normal casein is hydrolyzed and the hydrolysate combined with an anemia-producing ration, then the animals recover from the anemia and growth is normal. It is almost certain that the antianemic activity of hydrolyzed casein is explained by its amino acid content; the purpose of this paper is to report subsequent attempts to obtain the active agent in more concentrated form.


Objective To investigate the reasons for esophageal cancer recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and prevention.Methods A retrospective analysis of 1011 cases of esophageal cancer, 31 patients had clinical data of patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.Results OK left thoracotomy, intrathoracic anastomosis, left thoracotomy, left cervical anastomosis, right thoracotomy, right neck anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury rates were 0.30%, 4.49 %, 17.31%.Conclusion Esophageal cancer is mainly due to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph metastasis lymph node dissection, the key to prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve surgeon familiar with the anatomy, fine operation, the use of blunt, sharp separation combined approach close to the upper esophageal adventitia anatomy.


rm valuation the free-cash ows aer the horizon are usually represented by a terminal value. In this paper attention is centered on theterminal value expres...


Before the Congo's independence his ancient colonial power, Belgium, developped an educative policy bases on the next hinges: concessions for the catholic missionaries, emphasis to primary school, preference to the autochthonous open languages, and paternalism like pedagogical base. These foundations will been surpassed quikcly before the independence, about 1950 and next years.


M u c h o f Zenger ' s c o m m e n t a r y on ou r pape r ( G i v e n and Wi lk inson 1987) relates to a real need for add i t i ona l da ta on sequence d o l o m i t e con ten t s (we agree), bu t m u c h o f it imp l i e s that we s o m e h o w " s e l e c t e d " o r " e x c l u d e d " pub l i shed da ta in c o m p i l i n g Phane rozo i c d o l o m i t e abundances . Th is is incorrect . B a u m et al. (1985), Ch i l ingar (1956), L u m s d e n and C h i m a h u s k y (1980), Langbe in et al. (1984), M a r s c h n e r (1968), and Sperbe r et al. (1983) lists specific s t ra t igraphic and d o l o m i t e con t en t data and these, therefore , were inc luded in ou r t abula t ion . Da ly (1909), S c h m o k e r et al. (1985), and V i n o g r a d o v and R o n o v (1956) do no t and, by necessi ty, these were excluded. Zenger also offers m u c h in the way o f pe rsona l perspec t ive on va r i ous aspects o f d o l o m i t i z a t i o n tha t he feels mer i t fur ther study. W e also largely agree wi th th is c o m m e n t a r y bu t no te that , in the absence o f add i t i ona l data, such op in ions (be they his or ours) add li t t le to ou r unde r s t and ing o f the processes o f d o l o m i t e fo rma t ion .


It has always been one of the major problems to set up and improve the inner supervisory system in the Japanese corporate law. In the past few years, the commercial law has strengthened the supervisory authority of supervisory boards, improved the outside supervisor system and enforced the establishment of audit committees in large corporations, which allows for the existence of two different supervision models. All this is a courageous attempt to improve corporate governance of the continental law. It may serve as a reference for the legislation of corporation law in China.


The development of systems that enable a vehicle itself to detect a dangerous situation and to support the driver's accident avoidance maneuvers is gaining momentum as a result of the progress being made in sensors for detecting the forward environment and in actuators for controlling the vehicle's driving and braking forces. The systems now under development mainly envision emergency situations leading to rear-end collisions. In order to reduce traffic accidents, there are needs for systems that are effective in avoiding intersection crashes, which are typical of the types of accidents that occur in Japan and are as numerous as rear-end collisions. However, reduction of right- and left-turn accidents or broadside accidents at intersections would not be easy to accomplish with autonomous support systems in individual vehicles. This paper focuses specifically on accidents at intersections and examines approaches to reducing such accidents by means of vehicle-to-vehicle communication.


Nowadays, the construction of Internet of vehicles provides a lot of convenience for urban public safety and transportation. Among them, the prediction of traffic flow based on traffic road condition prediction is very important. Due to the interference of many external factors, such as unexpected events and weather, this problem is difficult. In recent years, due to its strong learning ability, deep learning has made many breakthroughs in various image classification and data analysis and processing problems. Among them, the traffic flow prediction method based on deep learning models can provide a set of rich tools, which can make good use of these data to build the Internet of vehicles. In this paper, we compare the deep learning model with the traditional model, and further attempt the preprocessing methods such as Wavelet and Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to improve the performance of the deep learning model. Based on a real International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) data set, we evaluated LSTM, GRU, ARIMA, SVR and ANN models. Considering the problem of whether the deep learning method is suitable for real-time traffic prediction, we counted and compared the training preprocessing time. We found that compared with LSTM and GRU, ARIMA is still competitive and Wavelet or SSA is not helpful as we expected.


Results of the study show findings in categories of question, including: influences of family, churches, and gangs; criminal and drug experiences, including those of friends; recruitment methods used by gangs; social and monetary assistance from gangs; religious affiliations, sexual assault incidents, experiences with bullying, ethnicity, criminal justice history, and characteristics of school experiences. Information presented in this study includes: definition of gangs, prior research on gangs, history of prison gangs, joining and leaving a gang, proliferation of prison gangs, street gangs, and an extensive summary of descriptive findings on member characteristics of criminal prison gangs. Data were collected from 159 validated survey respondents who lived at the Frank Lee Alabama Work Release Institution in Elmore County, AL.


With an avirulent Ustilaginoidea virens strain B1464 as material,we analyzed the changes in biological morphology and pathogenic mechanism.Compared to the wild-type U.virens strain P1,the mutant strain B1464 showed no pathogenicity in the field.The rate of growth on MM medium was not different to P1 and B1464.On PSA and TB3 medium the rates of growth were nutritionally endowed.B1464 grew slower and produced few conidiophores in PS medium,and its conidiophores morphology and spore size became smaller.Genomic Southern bolt analysis confirmed that B1464 was single T-DNA insertional events.The flanking sequences of T-DNA obtained by TAIL-PCR were non-adjacent in the wild type.It was founds that the mutant strain lost about 20 kb sequences in the insertion site comparing with the wild type strain.The expression of the flanking genes of the T-DNA was down-regulated,detecting by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.The reason of the chromosome rearrangement and abnormal expression of some genes is the insertion of T-DNA,probably,leading to the mutant strain B1464 lost its pathogenicity.


Le Double's two volume classic on muscle variations of the human body is often too briefly quoted when orthopaedic articles are published concerning accessory muscles or aberrant tendons of the foot and ankle. To date, the significance of these anatomic findings has been limited mainly to the differential between accessory muscles and soft tissue tumors. With the advent of CAT scans one can now distinguish between the two in many instances and, thereby, frequently eliminate the need for surgery. Accessory tendons and tendon variations occasionally have been implicated in some cases of tenosynovitis. One untouched Pandora's box are the possibilities of anatomic variations as the cause of some of the inconsistencies of deformities of the foot whether they be primary or secondary to surgery. Anatomic variants may be bilateral or unilateral. Why does hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus often occur only on one foot? Why does one foot often respond differently to indentical surgery than the opposite foot with the same pathology? Why does one patient develop a cock-up hallux and not another with the same operative procedure? Is there greater or less cock-up deformity when the extensor hallucis longus inserts on both proximal and distal phalanges or when it inserts only on the distal phalanx? It goes without saying that the ontogenetic and phylogenetic aspects of the specific muscles in Le Double's text are of value to orthopaedists, anatomists, and zoologists. Unfortunately, Le Double's compendium was not accompanied by any figures or illustrations. It is hoped that this translation of the sections on the leg and foot


Correspondence to Jae-Sun Uhm, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea Tel: +82-2-2228-8441, Fax: +82-2-2227-7732, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyrightc 2018 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 삼첨판 교체술을 받은 환자에서 경정맥 삽입형 제세동기의 삽입


At a time when cognitive science is in the ascendancy and the value of traditional experimental psychology is being questioned, it is interesting to consider a body of work entrenched firmly in the hypothetico-deductive tradition. As befits a monograph, Baddeley's book centres largely on his own research and those of his associates. From the outset one is aware that "working memory" is an approach that has emerged and been amended as new experimental findings have arisen. The opening chapters argue that the working memory approach arose as a logical sequel to both the modal model and the idea of levels of processing. It proposes that existing data are inconsistent with a unitary short-term store or central processor and that some alternative, in which specific subsystems unified by an attentional component are specified, is necessary to handle the evidence. Working memory has its origins in experiments exploring the influence of secondary tasks on primary task performance. These data are straightforward enough: in a variety of different tasks people can carry out a primary task quite effectively whilst doing something else-such as retaining digits or carrying out articulatory suppression-at the same time. What is less easy to accept is how these findings lead Baddeley to reject a unitary temporary storage system and replace it with his fractionated one. The argument hinges on the assertion that the various secondary tasks employed would occupy a unitary store to the point where any additional processing would be very difficult indeed. However, no independent evidence is offered to show that these secondary tasks do indeed occupy short-term storage processes to the extent that conventional digit span might, even though there is a strong implication that this is the case. Without such evidence Baddeley's assertion becomes more of an intuitive leap than a logical deduction. The rest of the book develops the specific model of working memory in which an attentional component, termed the central executive, is proposed along with two slave systems, the articulatory loop, and the visuo-spatial scratch pad. The coverage of these components is uneven, with the most


Abstract : Care of the mechanically ventilated patient during aeromedical transport presents a number of challenges owing to the impact of alterations in barometric pressure on gas volumes and gas density. Hypobarism reduces the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere, which can lead to hypoxia and causes expansion of gas trapped in closed spaces. In the latter case, gas trapped in the body (pneumothorax, bowel gas) or in devices (endotracheal tube (ETT) cuffs, pneumatic tourniquets) expands during ascent and contracts on descent. We designed a model study of endotracheal intubation including mechanical ventilation and four methods of cuff pressure management during ascent and descent aboard a Critical Care Air Transport Team training flight. The results of this study confirm previous work demonstrating a significant rise in ETT cuff pressure during ascent to 8,000 feet. Our data also demonstrate that while filling the ETT cuff with saline reduces the impact of altitude-related changes in cuff pressure, the initial cuff pressure exceeds the pressure associated with interruption of mucosal blood flow. The passive-acting PressureEasy device reduced the altitude-related change in pressure but did not eliminate the pressure changes, nor could it prevent the low pressures seen on descent.


Objective To study the effect of rehabilitation training on the expression of Fos in the central nervous system(CNS) of rats with cerebral infarction. Methods 60 SD rats were made as cerebral infarction models and divided into 2 groups at random 24 hours later: rehabilitation group was given balancing, grasping, rotating and walking and other trainings everyday, while immobiligation group was fixed in cages. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the Fos expression 1 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d after infarction respectively. Results Fos positive immune reaction appeared in cortex,thalamus, hypothalamus, reticular form and posterior gray horn of the spinal cord of both groups.Rehabilitation group responded stronger than the immobilization group significantly (P 0.01 ).Conclusion Rehabilitation training can activate cortical neurons around the infarted focus and in its opposite side of the CNS, and thus promote the recovery of rats' motor functions.


The magnetic Fe3O4 colloid particulates were prepared by common chemical coprecipitation method. By cladding the colloid particulates with an intermediate and dispersing evenly in silicon oil, silicon-oil-based magnetic fluid was prepared. The technological condition of preparing was determined by experiment. The mean particle size was determined to be 15nm by TEM; the saturation magnetization was determined to beμ0Ms=87.2mT by VSM.


The retroconversion of the traditional catalogues of the Bavarian State Library (BSB) began in the 1980s and was completed with the conversion of its Alphabetical Catalogue 1841-1952, the so-called »Quartkatalog«. For the 3.5 million titles which were converted into machine-readable form within less than 25 years, different conversion methods were carefully designed based on the latest available technology and the needs of the original catalogues. This article looks first at the conversion of the Book Catalogue (1501-1840) and Alphabetical Catalogue (1953-1981). The experiences gained from these projects helped in the planning of an optimized conversion of the Quartkatalog. Of primary importance for defining the parameters and ensuring the continued success of the conversion process is the exact analysis of the original catalogue, which was established over a period of no years. The analysis remains interesting as the catalogue continues to be available as an image catalogue on the Internet. This article further describes how innovative procedures in data selection, record reuse, rationalisation, cost-effective high-speed keyboarding and automated quality control processes were established in close cooperation between the library and the service provider. Of the 1.6 million records created, 58.55% are reused records and 41.45% made from scratch. The integration of these records into the Bavarian Union Catalogue (BVB) and the local catalogue of the Bavarian State Library ensures that they remain available in a living and active cataloguing context, which, however, is still to be supplemented by the remaining non-machine-readable catalogues of special collections in the Bavarian State Library. The successful retroconversion and the modernisation of bibliographic retrieval and cataloguing form the basis for an ongoing upgrade of the records, especially through the integration of links to digital images which will be created in the years to come. The methods applied here can serve as a model for similar large-scale conversion projects in other libraries.


Purpose: The impact of the observed multidimensional pressures and managerial tensions has increased the necessity to rethink the sources of competitive advantage, giving the ground for developing open and collaborative streams of research. This paper addresses this necessity by blending the lenses of open strategizing with coopetition phenomena in order to understand the convergence between those two relational approaches to strategy formulation. Design/methodology/approach: It is a conceptual paper in which we recognize the compatibility and common roots of coopetition and open strategy. These we recognized through using seven managerial paradoxes. Findings: We explore seven strategic dilemmas that emerged from the overlapping contexts of those two – individually paradoxical – approaches. We identify several research avenues and specific research questions accompanying them. Research limitations/implications: The research questions asked at the end of theorization that we see as relevant can provide the ground for further research by scholars interested in strengthening the theoretical foundations of either coopetition or open strategy, but also in these two concepts simultaneously. As a conceptual article, this paper is prone to researchers' subjectivity bias. Originality/value: This is the first study where the perspective of blending open strategy and coopetition is applied.


Small aircrafts, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are playing progressively important roles in military and civilian application around the world. This paper focus on pitch attitude hold autopilot design for YTU-EC 001 UAV. The YTU-EC-001 is Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in research of Yangon Technological University. In this paper, mathematical modeling, equation of motion on YTU-EC 001 Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and the pitch angle and pitch rate transfer functions are derived. These transfer functions showed that the system is stable by using MATLAB. Then controller for pitch altitude system is designed, based on the state space of linear model of the aircraft. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller structure is chosen to achieve the system design requirements. The settling time is less than 2 seconds and overshoot should not exceed 3%.


Simple Summary Zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2 are two important mycotoxins, which have deleterious effects on the health of humans and livestock. ZEA and its derivatives, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, disturb the hormonal homeostasis and lead to numerous problems in the reproductive system. The HT-2 toxin, as the primary metabolite of the T-2 toxin, exerts a series of toxic effects on humans and livestock. The T-2 toxin and its metabolite HT-2 toxin induce damages in multiple tissues, which include the reproductive system. However, toxic response profiles of these mycotoxins on bovine ovarian granulosa cells (bGCs) are unclear. In this study, we determined the importance of heat shock proteins, clarified oxidative stress, and the caspase-3 signaling cascade involved in the mycotoxin-treated toxic response. These results could provide new insights for future studies on prevention and treatment of reproductive problems caused by mycotoxins in bovines. Abstract Zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2 are the most common mycotoxins in grains and can enter the animal and human food-chain and cause many health disorders. To elucidate the toxic response profile, we stimulated bovine granulosa cells (GCs) with β-zearalenol or HT-2. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic, 178 and 291 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥ 1.3 and p-value < 0.05) in β-zearalenol and HT-2 groups were identified, respectively. Among these DEPs, there were 66 common DEPs between β-zearalenol and HT-2 groups. These 66 DEPs were associated with 23 biological processes terms, 14 molecular functions terms, and 19 cellular components terms. Most heat shock proteins (HSPs) were involved in the toxic response. Reactive oxygen species accumulation, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress related marker molecule (GRP78), and apoptosis were activated. β-zearalenol and HT-2 inhibited oestradiol (E2) production. These results emphasized the important function of HSPs, clarified oxidative stress, and demonstrated the caspase-3 signaling cascade involved in mycotoxin-treated toxic response, along with decreased E2 production. This study offers new insights into the toxicity of β-zearalenol and HT-2 on ovarian granulosa cells.


This present work is result of a study about the patriarchal system whitch rules the interaction between humanity and nature under capitalismo system. Therefore, this work discuss the agroecology as a possibility of criticizing this patriarchal social system. The first chapter argue the metabolic breakdown and sociometabolism of capital, witch make it clear the destructive form that men interacts with nature in capitalism. Also discuss elements of marxism and work in this society and shows the gender question and inequality between women and men. The second chapter discuss the various ways to grow and its social and environmentals impacts. Finally, imply a dialogue about women and agroecology as a way of libertation which canot be dissociated. Moreover, looking for the power of the gender question in the critical and its impacts social life. The goal is to undestand the roleof work in the modern society to discuss the patriarchy as a support element of this society. It is possible this dimanic in this agroecology analysis as a possibility of criticism of patriarchy.


Recent investigations of the deep sea floor using the Japanese research submersibles Shinkai 2000, Shinkai 6500, as well as surface-survey ships, are reviewed with particular emphasis on the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) activities. Areas studied by Shinkai 2000 were mainly trench to backarc transects across island arcs in the western Pacific. In 1994 Shinkai 6500 tendered by RV Yokosuka visited the mid-Atlantic Ridge and East Pacific Rise to conduct cooperation programs with U.S. scientists. Other international cooperative studies such as STARMER and Kaiko-Tokai Projects have contributed much to the understanding of trenches and backarc basins. Highlights of dives around the Japanese islands under the umbrella of the Trans-arc Program are also presented. In the final section an ongoing real-time observatory deployed in 1177m on the deep sea floor off Hatsushima Island in Sagami Bay is illustrated with some updated results.


Objective
To analyze the correlation between the condition of patients with spastic cerebral palsy, including age, sex, weight, number of the affected limb and gross motor function and their rehabilitation effect after selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) , and to explore the possible factors that contribute to the rehabilitation of motor function in patients with spastic cerebral palsy.

Methods
Totally 53 patients with spastic cerebral palsy admitted in the Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were selected from October 2013 to October 2015. The patients received uniform and standard rehabilitation treatment after SPR, and their motor function was evaluated with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) before the surgery and six months after the surgery. Then the correlation between the patients' age, sex, weight, GMFM score before treatment and number of the affected limb and the difference in their motor function before and after treatment was analyzed.

Results
The patients' score in improved motor function was negatively correlated with their age (r=-0.30, P 0.05) or number of the affected limb (r=-0.20, P>0.05) .

Conclusions
For patients aged between 3 and 25, the earlier they are treated, the better the effect is. The patients should control their weight properly so as not to affect the rehabilitation effect after surgery. The patients' sex, motor function before treatment and number of the affected limb cannot help to predict the recovery of their motor function after surgery. Researchers will continue to conduct large-sample and multi-factor studies in order to verify the current conclusions and analyze the influencing factors of SPR effect in a more comprehensive way.

Key words:
Spastic cerebral palsy; Selective posterior rhizotomy; Postoperative motor function; Relevant factors