Knowledge management typically focuses on communicating and spreading information and knowledge within a company. It is usually limited to technology or business information in spoken or written form. The representatives often overlook, however, that the code of software programs is also a perfect medium for denoting and communicating knowledge. In this paper, we want to show the benefits and problems that are related to a free exchange of code within a corporation. Applying experiences and best practices of the public open source software community to corporate communities leads to several preconditions that are essential for the success of this approach. Even a substantial change of the company's culture may be connected with the introduction of corporate open source.


ABSTRACT Fundamental studies have been undertaken to determine the microstructural and phase transformations occurring during the reduction roasting of saprolite ores. Laboratory studies have been undertaken to simulate the conditions occurring during the reduction roast step of the Caron Process. Selected serpentine samples have been treated at temperatures between 500°C and 800°C in H2/N2 gas mixtures, and leaching tests on the reduced samples have been undertaken. Phase and microstructural changes have been characterised using X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) techniques. A series of complex physical, microstructure and phase changes has been shown to occur during reduction roasting involving: (i) the dehydration of serpentine, (ii) the formation of a high-silica amorphous phase, (iii) the formation of Ni-Fe nanoparticles, and (iv) the nucleation, growth and recrystallisation of the forsterite (olivine) phase. The principal mechanism of removal of nickel from the reduced ore has been shown to occur through the selective leaching of the Ni-Fe alloy nano-particles from the surfaces in the product oxide.


The evolution of optical transmission media and laser technology has made bandwidth an abundant commodity rather than a scarce one. This factor has been clearly recognized by the communications community. As a result metropolitan area networks have been described by some as an extension of local area networks, with the major distinction being that MANs cover a larger distance than LANs. There are several limitations to the approach of simply extending LAN technology to the MAN environment. In this paper a new perspective on MAN architecture is provided that differs from the evolving LAN architecture.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of type I collagen as an autocrine protein in promoting the growth lung cancer cells in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system.

METHODS
Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of type I collagen in lung cancer specimens and 5 lung cancer cell lines. The lung cancer cell lines in 3D cultures were treated with vectors harboring short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting type I collagen, and the cell growth suppression was evaluated using MTT assay and colony formation assay. The lung cancer cells stimulated with supernatant from lung cancer-derived fibroblasts were tested for the expression of type I collagen mRNA.

RESULTS
Type I collagen expressions were detected in both the lung cancer tissues and the cell lines. In the 3D culture system, the growth of the cancer cell lines was obviously suppressed by shRNA-mediated type I collagen knockdown evidenced by lowered cell growth rate and colony formation ability. Stimulation with fibroblast culture supernatant resulted in enhanced expressions of type I collagen in the cancer cell lines.

CONCLUSION
Autocrine of type I collagen I is required for maintaining lung cancer cell growth in 3D cultures, and its expression is regulated by fibroblasts. These findings provide new insights into the role of type I collagen I in the tumor microenvironment and point a new direction for targeted therapy of tumors.


The meaning of the term molek has been subject to debate since 1935, when Otto Eissfeldt, in his Molk als Opferbegriff im Punischen und Hebrdischen und das Ende des Gottes Moloch, connected it to the Punic mlk, which he saw as a sacrificial term. For the last fifty-five years scholars have debated whether the biblical references to a cult of molek pertain to human sacrifice to a deity named Molech or to child sacrifice in general. They have also argued about whether the terms associated with the biblical molek allow for the possibility of an animal as a substitution for a human victim. This book reevaluates the comparative and biblical evidence associated with these positions, and argues that biblical Molech was an underworld deity, equivalent to the god Mlk of Ugarit and to the Akkadian Malik. The book has four substantive chapters: "Molech: Divine Name or Sacrificial Term?" (pp. 4-14), "The Nature of the Molech Cult and the Meaning of Tophet" (pp. 15—28), "The Background and Identity of Molech and His Relationship to Yahweh" (pp. 29—17), and "Passages Where Allusions to Molech Have Sometimes Wrongly Been Found" (pp. 72—81). In addition, it contains a concise introduction (pp. 1—3) and "Summary and Conclusions" (pp. 82—85) and a very useful appendix, "Classical and Patristic References to Phoenician and Carthaginian Human Sacrifice" (pp. 86-91). The book is generally well structured; it might have been improved, however, by having a short chapter examining the few biblical texts which explicitly mention Molech. The book as a whole presents a very plausible, but not a definitive thesis. Day's treatment of the Punic evidence is convincing; he synthesizes the material clearly and notes that mlk there is a general sacrificial term (pp. 4-9). He then uses context, not etymology, to independently investigate the meaning of Molech in biblical sources (pp. 9—13). This principle of favoring context to etymology is very sound, but Day's arguments are not fully persuasive. For example, he notes that the verbs used with Molech are typically used in the Bible with deities, not sacrifices (pp. 10—12). However, as Day himself notes, these verbs are predominantly, but not exclusively, used with


The increased use of the Internet in a variety of things and industries, public security is more vulnerable than before. These days, the need for tools ...


The data compression is an ancient activity. Before Shannon's papers, [1], [2], this activity was ad-hoc. The Shannon's principal contribution to the lossy data compression was the introduction of the rate-distortion function. This function is defined in [1]. The aim of this paper is to present the wavelets contribution to the lossy data compression. The paper is organized as follows. In section 2 we present the role of the rate-distortion function. Section 3 describes the construction of a coder based on the concept of rate-distortion function. The importance of the Karhunen-Loève decomposition is highlighted in section 4. Section 5 is dedicated to the construction of the optimal coder and in section 6 we explain how the Karhunen-Loève decomposition influenced the conception of the data compression systems used today. In section 7 is highlighted the role of wavelets in the construction of some modern lossy data compression systems and the connection between some orthogonal wavelet transforms and the Karhunen-Loève decomposition. In section 8 are presented the actual lossy data compression systems limitations and in section 9 the perspectives of the use of wavelets to the construction of new lossy data compression systems. In fact this is the concluding section.


A G protein‐coupled receptor interacts with the GDP‐bound Gαβγ trimer, G protein‐coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), and in part arrestins through the cytosolic surface of the transmembrane helixes, suggesting that there is either competition for binding to the same surface or an orchestrated interchange between binding partners allowing for proper interactions and signaling. Experimentally induced competition for the intracellular Gαβγ trimer binding site results in a reduction in GRK and Gα function. Here we present a Gαs chimera, called sis, containing most of the helical domain of Gαi1. Initially, sis was designed to study GRK4γ interaction with Gαs and GRK4γ‐mediated receptor desensitization. However, sis prevented various GRK‐mediated reductions in cAMP accumulation. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that sis disrupts normal orchestration of the Gαβγ trimer and GRK/arrestin function, resulting in an apparent Gα‐bias. To exclude any background effects of endogenous Gαs, we used GnasE2−/E2−‐MEFs re‐expressing Gαs (control) or sis and measured cAMP accumulation, receptor‐Gs kinetics, GRK function, and receptor internalization. The sis helical domain did not significantly affect the GEF activity of endogenously expressed β2‐AR or Gαβγ trimer formation; however, GRK function and cAMP production were altered. GRK2, 4γ, 5, and 6 failed to attenuate isoproterenol‐mediated cAMP accumulation in sis‐expressing cells, but all GRKs attenuated cAMP accumulation in Gs‐expressing cells. Expectedly, the rate of receptor endocytosis was reduced in sis‐expressing cells. Additionally, the production of cAMP in the Gs and sis cells was not equal. With phosphodiesterases inhibited, isoproterenol generated approximately 2.5‐fold more cAMP in sis cells compared to controls; moreover, in the same conditions forskolin was 50% less effective in sis cells. The original classification of adenylyl cyclase indicates that the effects of Gαs and forskolin are synergistic leading to greater cAMP production than either component alone. Therefore, our cAMP data suggests that interaction between sis and adenylyl cyclase is compromised, and sis likely cycles back to the receptor rapidly blocking GRK association and allowing itself to be reactivated. Supporting this conclusion, the rate of Gαs‐mediated cAMP accumulation was marginally faster than sis‐mediated cAMP accumulation (0.404 ± 0.127 s−1 vs. 0.178 ± 0.022 s−1) and the rate of cAMP degradation was greatly attenuated, resulting in a much larger area under the curve (2.4‐fold). These data mirror the previous end‐point cAMP measurements and further support the conclusion that sis allows the β2‐AR to remain active for a longer duration, resulting in greater cAMP accumulation.


A number of N-substituted imidazoles 1a–1i have been found to photo-isomerize to give the corresponding 2-substituted- and 4(or 5)-substituted imidazoles (2a–2i and 3a–3i). The role of a dissociative path in these reactions has been demonstrated.


Abstract As a developing country, Vietnam is facing many problems such as environmental pollution caused by industrialization, urbanization and the ethnic minority gap. Besides, Vietnam is one of the 10 countries most vulnerable to the effects of climate change and natural disasters. Vietnam has more than 26.3 million children under 16 years of age, with the ratio being 114 boys/100 girls. Children are especially vulnerable to environmental risks. This review includes much data collected during 2010–2018 on children's environmental health in Vietnam.


O- (2,6-Dichloro-4-methylphenyl) O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate (5-3349) (1), a fungicide in soil, was labelled with carbon-14 individually at the aryl methyl and the phenyl ring for use in metabolic studies. The synthetic procedures are illustrated in Fig. 1. 4-Cyano-14C-phenol was quantitatively converted to 4-methyl-14C-Phenol (3a) by catalytic hydrogenation using 10% Pd-C as a catalyst. Dichlorination of 3a with chlorine gave 2,6-di-chloro-4-methyl-14C-phenol (4a). Condensation of 4a with O,O-dimethyl phosphorochloridothioate gave S-3349-(aryl methyl-14C) (1a) in the overall yield of 22% from potassium cyanide-14C. By the similar procedures, 4-methylphenol-14C6 (3b) was converted to S-3349-(Phenyl-14C6) (1b) in 70% yield.


Objective To study the nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Danyang,and to provide scientific bases for the prevention measures.Methods Nutritional status of 27 331 primary and secondary school students was analyzed by using weigh-for-height standard method of Chinese students.Results The prevalence rate was 16.76%,6.40% and 5.21% for malnutrition,overweight and obesity respectively.The prevalence rate of malnutrition among female students was higher than that among male students,and the rate in city was higher than that in town.The prevalence rate of over-weight and obesity among male students was higher than among female students,and that in city was higher than in town.Conclusion The prevention measures should be focused on girl students in urban middle school for malnutrition and urban boy pupils for overweight and obesity.


1. Nuclear reactor comprising a tank (4) in which is located the reactor core, a primary circuit for cooling the reactor, a well (6) of the tank in which the tank (4), an annular channel (16) surrounding the lower portion of the tank (4 ) in the well (6) of the tank, means adapted to fill the well with liquid tank, a sealed housing (22) of the reactor, in which are located the tank well and the tank, characterized in that it comprises means (26) collecting steam generated in the upper end of the well (6) of the tank, located in the housing and forming a sealed volume Separated from the volume of the sealed housing (22), providing an overpressure occurrence couple means (40) adapted to create a forced convection of fluid in the annular channel (16), and means (32, 42) for actuating means (40) adapted to create the forced convection, collected by said vapor. ! 2. The nuclear reactor of claim 1, wherein the means (26) adapted to collect vapor collecting chamber are separated by a sealed enclosure (22), and comprise a channel (30) removal of establishing communication between the chamber (26) collecting and sealed enclosure (22), wherein in said passageway removal mounted means (32, 42) for actuating means (40) adapted to create a forced convection, to convert kinetic / potential energy of the collected vapor in the driving force, resulting effective media CTBA (40) creating a forced convection. ! 3. The nuclear reactor of claim 1 or 2, wherein the means (32, 42) actuating means (40) arranged to forcibly create


tion, and thought that visual solar radiation might provide protection from developing MS. In 1970, a study from Switzerland (which is on a similar latitude in the northern hemisphere as Tasmania is in the southern hemisphere) [5] showed a higher clinical RR in winter and spring months, and a later study (also from the northern hemisphere) [6] of seasonal fluctuations in Gd-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging showed a 5-fold increase in numbers in spring. This has been seen as an explanation for the well-known and widely accepted latitudinal gradient of disease frequency. A strong inverse correlation between UV radiation and MS prevalence was found in 6 Australian regions by some of the authors of the present study [7] , and laboratory studies have demonstrated a suppressive effect of illumination on immune-activating properties of melatonin [8] and that sunlight may inhibit functions of cutaneous antigen-presenting (Langerhans) cells [9] ; thus, potentially explaining the rarity of the disease in non-white persons. Anti-inflammatory effects of Vitamin D 3 have been described [10] , and vitamin D as an immune-modulator in MS appears to have again fallen into the focus of scientific discussions [11] . The need for sunlight to produce this vitamin in the skin is well established, and clinically known from cases of rachitis (rickets). The leading textbook on MS [12] states 'that the influence of seasons on disease activity, although statistically significant, is nevertheless extremely modest and – as presently understood – of limited value for elucidating factors that trigger the disease process (p. 263)' and 'since the search for an environmental cause of MS remains stubbornly unproductive... proponents of the environmental doctrine... frustrated by the low dividend from systematic searches for candidate infectious agents... are still searching for something to account for the global pattern of the disease (p. 278f).' It is probable that this study by Helen Tremlett et al. [1] from Tasmania, a truly global collaboration, will influence future modifications of such statements, and thereby our learning and understanding of the MS pathogenesis. Does a clue for better understanding the pathogenesis of the enigmatic disease multiple sclerosis (MS) come from a place which some call 'Down Under', but which, for those who know, is one of the most beautiful places in the world – from Tasmania? Helen Tremlett from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, together with colleagues from the University of Tasmania in a carefully conducted prospective study over 2.3 years of a large population-based cohort have provided evidence for a statistically significant temporal correlation between the occurrence of relapses and seasonal environmental factors, infections and serum vitamin D levels, and speculated convincingly about a possible causal relationship [1] . Altogether, over the entire study period of 2.3 years, 130 relapses were recorded; these occurred in only 50% of the 142 patients with relapsing-remitting MS, pointing to a surprisingly low annualized relapse rate (RR) of 0.40. An exceptionally high proportion (when compared to other parts of the world) of 75% of the patients were on immuno-modulating drugs (IMD). Out of the seasonal variations in monthly RR, a nadir in summer (February) emerged, which was significantly (p = 0.018) lower than the other months and the overall RR. On average, 2 infections per patient per year were recorded in 85% of the patients. Their occurrence demonstrated a similar seasonal pattern as relapses, erythemal ultraviolet radiation in that region (with a time lag of –1.5 months prior to relapses) and vitamin D levels from a previous study from the same centre. The interpretation of a correlation is speculative, although it is plausible that vitamin D could modify the infection rate in MS patients, which in turn influences RR in the sense that low ambient sunlight and low serum vitamin D levels are associated with clinical disease activity. The continuous follow-up of this cohort of MS patients in Tasmania should provide the opportunity of a prospective double-blind study to look for a putative therapeutic effect of vitamin D supplementation and/or augmentation of sunlight exposure on RR in MS. The search for non-infectious environmental risk factors causing MS [2, 3] and the suspicion of an influence of seasonal variations on RR have long histories: Acheson et al [4] linked variations in disease frequency to hours of annual and winter solar radiaPublished online: October 30, 2008


The objective of this project is to provide DHS a comprehensive evaluation of the current genomic technologies including genotyping, Taqman PCR, multiple locus variable tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), microarray and high-throughput DNA sequencing in the analysis of biothreat agents from complex environmental samples. This report focuses on the design, testing and results of samples on the Census Array. We designed a Census/Detection Array to detect all sequenced viruses (including phage), bacteria (eubacteria), and plasmids. Family-specific probes were selected for all sequenced viral and bacterial complete genomes, segments, and plasmids. Probes were designed to tolerate some sequence variation to enable detection of divergent species with homology to sequenced organisms, and to be unique relative to the human genome. A combination of 'detection' probes with high levels of conservation within a family plus 'census' probes targeting strain/isolate specific regions enabled detection and taxonomic classification from the level of family down to the strain. The array has wider coverage of bacterial and viral targets based on more recent sequence data and more probes per target than other microbial detection/discovery arrays in the literature. We tested the array with purified bacterial and viral DNA/RNA samples, artificial mixes of known bacterial/viral samples, spiked DNA againstmore » complex background including BW aerosol samples and soil samples, and environmental samples to evaluate the array's sensitivity and forensic capability. The data were analyzed using our novel maximum likelihood software. For most of the organisms tested, we have achieved at least species level discrimination.« less


We present a straight-forward strategy for how to process anthropomorphic phantoms to enable simulations of propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PBI). PBI requires sampling of a few micrometers which results in few TB of storage for a centimeter-sized model. With long propagation distances the thickness of each material in the X-ray direction is enough to perform accurate simulations. By using a boundary-preserving upsampling procedure on a coarsely voxelated phantom followed by a summation in the X-ray direction thickness maps with high sampling can be built. This opens up for improved imaging optimization and virtual clinical trials.


Ferroelectric lead lanthanum titanate (PLT) thin films with compositions varying from pure PbTiO/sub 3/ to PLT 25/100 (0 to 25 mol.% La) were prepared by spin-casting 0.25 M solutions containing metallo-organic precursors of Pb, La and Ti. The as-deposited amorphous films were crystallized into the perovskite structure by heat treatment at temperatures between 450 and 650 degrees C. Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the thin (410-nm) films were characterized. The dielectric constants of the films varied from approximately 80 to approximately 690 for La contents varying from 0 to 25 mol.%, respectively. Dissipation factors varied from approximately 0.03 to approximately 0.09 over the same compositional range. Also studied was the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties in order to determine the effects of La content on the Curie point (T/sub c/). It is as found that T/sub c/ decreased with increasing La concentration. Coercive field and remanent polarization also decreased with increased La concentration. Hysteresis loops became slim and more symmetric with increasing La content.<<ETX>>


The need to have a complete control of the length of the carbon nanotubes is one of the most limiting factor in using nanotubes based devices. In fact their treatments often lead to have different length distribution involving therefore different properties. In this work we aim at controlling the length of the nanotubes adjusting the oxidation temperature. Temperature dependence of SWNTs oxidation was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. AFM images shows the height of micropatterned self-assembled monolayers of carboxylated SWNTs. SWNTs forest with different height could be fabricated controlling oxidation temperature in the range of 303K-313K.


The War for the Heart and Soul of. Highland Maya Town. Robert S. Carlsen. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1997. 206 pp.


In a historical context where economic budgets continue to tighten, companies are facing the urgent necessity to contain their expenses, while ensuring, and possibly improving, the quality of services provided and the preservation of their own goods; thus, the only feasible way to achieve costs reduction is to avoid squandering resources, hence increasing operating efficiency, innovation and sustainability. In Buildings Operations and Maintenance, often one of the most expensive building-related operations, this means preventing ineffective decisions by properly capturing and using building-related information, making them standard and interoperable through the whole asset's life. Such a critical target can be achieved by the means of Building Information Modeling (BIM), a process involving the generation and management of digital information related to the physical and functional characteristics of a facility, enhancing their fruition and fostering the cooperation between all actors involved in both Building Design and Operation. BIM can be therefore used as a support to final-use-oriented Building Design or to efficient and effective Operations planning, monitoring and control, enabling externalization of services to private specialized organizations, a procedure which is particularly advantageous for Public Administration, as it allows to decrease risk, costs and ensures quality. BIM systems are also easily entrustable to external providers, overcoming main difficulties met in their implementation, which is to find economic resources to afford it and to deal with its technical complexities. In this paper, a specific implementation of a BIM in Building Operating Management is presented and discussed through the introduction of the eniservizi (a company of eni, Italian leading operator in the area of petroleum products and energy) case study, where a particular BIM layer related to Site Compliance, the body of activities related to legal and regulatory aspects, and to Vendor Compliance, has been created, generating a procurement control system for monitoring compliance of service contractors to contractual obligations, right from the very initial pre-qualification phases, through the service provision steps, to the conclusive financial phases. Eventually, future developments will be presented, illustrating how effective could be the use of BIM to simulate Building Operating conditions at the very early stage of Building Design, also presenting the results of an existing project.


The Great Lakes region has abundant water resources. The Great Lakes are the largest freshwater system on Earth, and groundwater resources are widespread and typically of high quality. The average discharge from the basin to the Atlantic Ocean through the St. Lawrence River makes it the second-largest drainage basin in the United States after the Mississippi River drainage. Diversions of water into and out of the basin are notable for galvanizing discussion of regional water resources, but such diversions actually play a small role in the overall water budget for the basin. Climate variations lead to variations in water delivery (through precipitation) and removal (through evaporation and transpiration). These variations, on seasonal, annual, decadal, and longer timeframes, are crucial in determining lake levels, groundwater levels, and streamflows within the basin. Human interactions with the hydrologic system, other than hydroelectric power generation, represent a small percentage of the overall flow through the system; but drawdown of groundwater levels in the Chicago/Milwaukee area has been as much as approximately 1,000 feet, and the areal extent of the drawdown area is very large (Alley and others, 1999; Reilly and others, 2008). Mapping water withdrawals and return flows by watershed within the basin helps highlight the spatial variation in water use by various economic and water-supply sectors across the basin and illustrates the importance of subregional or localscale analysis in quantifying the effect of water use on local water resources. Executive Summary


The methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) on the X chromosome encodes an essential epigenetic regulator in human postnatal brain development. Increased dosage of MECP2 causes a severe syndromic form of intellectual disability, the MECP2 duplication syndrome. Males with this syndrome have a progressive neurological disorder, severe to profound intellectual disability, epilepsy and recurrent respiratory infections. We report three cases with copy number gain in Xq28 involving the MECP2 gene. The gains were detected by chromosomal microarray analysis and ranged in size from 300 kb to 4.96 Mb. The three boys were aged between 3 and 16 years old. All three had development delay and no speech. In addition, one patient was diagnosed with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and another had a Dandy Walker variant. Their clinical features were compared with other reported cases. We concluded that all three patients' clinical features were due to the Xq28 duplication, which confirmed the utility of chromosomal microarray analysis as a first-tier test in patients with unexplained intellectual disability. With a specific genetic diagnosis, we were able to provide appropriate anticipatory guidance for these patients and their families.


This Special Issue of the journal contains six papers that review the recent activity of Australasian computing education researchers. The term Australasia in this context refers to Australia and New Zealand. Simon analysed 175 recent computing education papers from two prominent computing education conferences in the Australasian region (ACE and NACCQ). Using these papers he has devised a classification scheme that will provide the reader with a useful overview of computing education research activities in Australasia. We hope to eventually see someone apply this classification system to papers at conferences outside Australasia, as it would be interesting to see if there are any differences in the proportions of papers in the categories. The other five papers review more specific areas. Lang's paper focuses on the under-representation of women in information technology (IT). She explores gender issues in the IT discipline and its effect on female perceptions. This has reached the point where many females are now excluding IT from their list of possible future careers. Joyce reviews the topic of academic integrity and plagiarism. From nearly 80 published items, he reveals some marked differences in the perspectives of the different authors. Reem and Gruba review three different approaches to introducing generic graduate attributes into the tertiary curriculum and discuss their success. de Raadt explores ways of explicitly incorporating problem-solving strategy instruction into introductory programming curricula and assessment. He proposes strategies to assist novices in reaching expected standards. Bower reviews Australasian work in online teaching and learning of computer science. He offers readers a road map through the literature related to teaching and learning computing online, and provides a framework for that literature. All the papers were refereed by at least four reviewers. The editors wish to thank the people who conducted those reviews for their time, energy and insightful comments, and for doing so on a tight schedule. Our thanks go to: Rebecca Blackshaw, Michael Blumenstein, Tracey Bretag, Janet Carter, Gwyn Claxton, Annemieke Craig, Mats Daniels, Martin Dick, Jenny Edwards, Ainslie Ellis, Alan Fekete, Mark Guzdial, Computer Science Education Vol. 17, No. 3, September 2007, pp. 153 – 154


I challenge the whole series of assertions about Sartre made by Cornelius Castoriadis. They cannot possibly be allowed to pass by unnoticed. 1. "In the initial post-war phase,… center stage was occupied by Sartre," Castoriadis writes. Sartre, he affirms, would not speak at that time about Stalinism or the Cold War, nor about any of the "real problems," but rather created a diversion preventing their detection. Well, Castoriadis, do reread What Is Literature? (1947), "Materialism and Revolution," and the texts of the R.D.R. period. You will discover that on a stage occupied by Stalinists on the one hand and pro-Americans on the other, Sartre rejected the two antagonistic camps with equal ferocity and was splattered with mud by both: the bourgeois camp took him for a coprophiliac, while the Stalinists in 1951 described him as a "playful snake" and a "dactylographic hyena."


The issues of food safety are discussed. Key directions in the development of social-labor sphere in rural settlements of the region are described.


Propagation properties of an optical vortex with a helical wavefront in cold uniform magnetized plasma are theoretically investigated in an electron cyclotron range of frequencies. The effects of the helical wavefront of the optical vortex on the wave fields in magnetized plasma are described. These effects become significant as the topological charge of the optical vortex increases or the distance from the phase singularity point becomes small. The different properties of propagation are also confirmed in propagation of Laguerre–Gaussian beams by three-dimensional simulations with the finite element method.


A new group communication architecture-client/server cluster is built,and the message communication mechanism and membership management mechanism are designed in this paper,which make the group communication system has the good expansibility,robustness,and flexibility.


Figure S4: Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of MFC anode OTUs along two principal coordinates. OTUs were identified by MiSeq sequencing of MFC anode 16S rRNA gene amplicons from three biological replicates of four different developmental conditions: S (solution), E (early biofilm), I (intermediate biofilm), M (mature biofilm). In the R vegan package, a Gower dissimilarity matrix was constructed with the metaMDS function from a sample-byspecies matrix of OTU counts. The ordiplot, orditorp, and ordihull functions then were used to generate the NMDS plot. Similarity in relative abundance of genera is represented as spatial proximity within the two principal coordinates. Samples for S and E were clustered close enough together to obscure distinction of sample replicates.


To investigate the reverse effectes of tetramethyl pyrazine on the malignant phenotype of BEL-7402 human hepatocarcinoma cells, The AFP Secretary level of the cells was determind by RIA, and the specific activities of tyrosine-α-ketoglutarate transaminase(TAT), ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) and alkaline phospharase(ALP),γ-glutamgl transpeptidase(γ-GT) and aldolase (ALD) were assayed by enzymological methods. After Treating BEL-7402 with 4mmol/L tetramethyl pyrazine, the proliferation of the cells, the secretary amount of AFP, and the specific activities of γ-GT and ALD were significantly diseased (P0.05 and P0.01),but the specific activies of TAT, OCT and ALP, which reflecting the differentiation of the cells, were significantly increased (P0.01 and P0.05). This studies suggested that tetramethyl pyrazine is the effective differentiatic inducer of the BEL-7402 human hepatocarcinoma cells.


Provided is a back- illuminated solid-state image pickup apparatus having an improved color separation characteristic. A photo detector includes a first photo detector (103B) unit and a second photo detector (103G) unit disposed deeper than the first photo detector unit with respect to a back surface of a semiconductor substrate (101) wherein the first photo detector unit includes a first - conductivity- type first semiconductor region (103B) where carriers generated through photo-electric conversion are collected as signal carriers. A readout portion includes a first - conductivity- type second semiconductor region (105B) extending in a depth direction such that the carriers collected in the first semiconductor region are read out to a front surface of the semiconductor substrate. A unit (107) that reduces the amount of light incident on the second semiconductor region is provided.


BACKGROUND
As a consequence of their condition, people with sickle cell disease are at high risk of developing an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma called community-acquired pneumonia. Many different bacteria can cause this infection and antibiotic treatment is generally needed to resolve it. There is no standardized approach to antibiotic therapy and treatment is likely to vary from country to country. Thus, there is a need to identify the efficacy and safety of different antibiotic treatment approaches for people with sickle cell disease suffering from community-acquired pneumonia.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy and safety of the antibiotic treatment approaches (monotherapy or combined) for people with sickle cell disease suffering from community-acquired pneumonia.

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched The Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register (December 2005), which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearching of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. We also searched The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2005), MEDLINE (1966 to December 5th, 2005), EMBASE (1974 to December 7th, 2005), and LILACS (1982 to December 2005). Date of most recent search: December 2005

SELECTION CRITERIA
We searched for published or unpublished randomized controlled trials.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We intended to summarise data by standard Cochrane Collaboration methodologies, but no eligible randomized controlled trials were identified.

MAIN RESULTS
We were unable to find any randomized controlled trials on antibiotic treatment approaches for community-acquired pneumonia in people with sickle cell disease.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We were unable to identify randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of the antibiotic treatment approaches for people with sickle cell disease suffering from community-acquired pneumonia. Randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the optimum antibiotic treatment for this condition.


Abstract Janina Dill, Scott Sagan and Benjamin Valentino have demonstrated how calculations over the morality of contending norms may influence public's readiness to use nuclear weapons. I argue that such atomic dispositions are highly contingent on the nature of the adversary. Public may react differently to various nuclear targets because adversaries evoke different levels of retributiveness. When deciding between the lives of fellow citizens and those of foreign noncombatants, a bargain is easier to reach against targets which evoke feelings of hatred and anger due to historical, cultural or domestic political reasons. Using the Indian case, I demonstrate why the variance in the character of the threat is a substantive issue. Specifically, I show why the India-China dyad exhibits a greater degree of normative prohibition compared to the India-Pakistan dyad.


This article reports on a teacher's experiment with Reader's Theatre (RT), an interactive play reading activity with elements of reading aloud, drama and theatre, for her 20 unmotivated learners of literature in a premier school in Malaysia. Using RT, the students staged Angela Wright's Potato People. The procedures and design of the study were built around Kolb's Model of Experimental Learning. The aim of the experiment was to discern if RT is able to enhance learners' understanding of the literary text and increase learners' interest and motivation to learn literature. The quantitative and qualitative data obtained showed that RT significantly enhanced learners' understanding and increased their interest and motivation to learn literature. The findings from this study suggest that learners are able to perceive and examine literature and the learning of literature positively and constructively if the teaching and learning of literature are aligned according to the interests of the learners and, are based on creative, flexible and learner- based pedagogical approaches.


This map subdivides the county into three radon potential categories based on geology, soil-gas radon samples (595 sites), indoor radon concentrations (319 sites), and surface radioactivity measurements (278 sites). Areas ranked low may have less than 40% of homes above 4 pCi/L indoor radon, whereas areas ranked high may have 60% or more homes above 4 pCi/L indoor radon.


Datum is NAD83 Imagery source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community MUSYM Description BuA Bullcreek clay, 0 to 6 percent slopes CeA Carter silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes FaA Fairlo silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes FaB Fairlo silt loam, 3 to 6 percent slopes Fp Norway loamy fine sand LoA Lowry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes LoC Lowry silt loam, 6 to 9 percent slopes LrD Lowry-Sully silt loams, 9 to 25 percent slopes M-W Miscellaneous water OIC Opal clay, 6 to 9 percent slopes OmC Opal-Chantier clays, 2 to 9 percent slopes OnD Opal-Sansarc clays, 6 to 15 percent slopes PoA Promise clay, 0 to 3 percent slopes PoB Promise clay, 3 to 6 percent slopes RsE Rock outcrop-Sansarc complex, 9 to 40 percent slopes SbE Sansarc-Opal clays, 9 to 40 percent slopes ScE Sansarc-Rock outcrop complex, 9 to 40 percent slopes SeE Sansarc-Schamber complex, 9 to 40 percent slopes ShE Schamber loam, 6 to 40 percent slopes W Water


Provided is an input supporting method and an input supporting device of varialbe names in programming of PLC. This invention enables a target variable name to be confirmed without inputting all the character string even when a method of giving a name such as allocating a number to the end of the name is performed from the necessity to allocate a variable name having the same meaning to a plurality of different addresses. If narrowed down variable name exists in plurals and one or two or more continuous next character strings match each other among the variable names, the series of character strings without any choice are automatically adopted and confirmed as the character string of the target variable name without waiting for the input of an operator.


In former times, selections in beef cattle were based on conformation alone. Today increased costs of production, competition from other feedstuffs and current exponential growth rates of human populations suggest that while energetic efficiency and volume of production are not the sole over-riding factors in beef cattle production, they are becoming increasingly important. The time has come when factors such as rate and efficiency of growth, carcass composition and dressing percentage must be identified in an empirically measurable form.


We developed an apparatus and technique for the simultaneous measurement of functional residual capacity and oxygen uptake (V̇O2) for use in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The accuracy of the functional residual capacity measurement was proven using an in vitro lung model and the reproducibility of this measurement was established by use in ICU patients. We tested the accuracy of the V̇O2 measurement in comparison with two other methods in common use among ICU patients and our method proved accurate. We conclude that this technique for measurement of functional residual capacity and V̇O2 is highly accurate and easily applied to patients on any mode of mechanical ventilation.


The disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole generates a sudden bright flare. Previous studies have focused on the disruption by single black holes, for which the fallback rate decays as~$\propto t^{-5/3}$. In this paper, we generalise the study to the case of a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB), using both analytical estimates and hydrodynamical simulations, looking for specific observable signatures. The range of binary separation for which it is possible to distinguish between the disruption created by a single or a binary black hole concerns typically separations of order a few milliparsecs for a primary of mass $\sim 10^6M_{\odot}$. When the fallback rate is affected by the secondary, it undergoes two types interruptions, depending on the initial inclination $\theta$ of the orbit of the star relative to the plane of the SMBHB. For $\theta \lesssim 70^\circ$, periodic sharp interruptions occur and the time of first interruption depends on the distance of the secondary black hole with the debris. If $\theta \gtrsim 70^\circ$, a first smooth interruption occurs, but not always followed by a further recovery of the fallback rate. This implies that most of the TDEs around a SMBHB will undergo periodic sharp interruptions of their lightcurve.


Management information system (MIS) is a manmachine system, whose development is a huge system engineering. At present, the development and application of MIS in many enterprises are still in an immature stage, which is mainly caused by the belief that technology is more important than management,and without fully considering all factors that affect the MIS development in many aspects. In this paper, based on the development and application of MIS, the writer discussed on how to improve the successful rate and find a more appropriate way in the following aspects, which include the recognition of manager, difficulties of development, ways of development, opportunities of development, and training of staff.


JT IS EASY to see why orthodox Puritanism in seventeenth-century New England was not a good school for poets. Although its Augustinian piety fostered what Perry Miller calls the "inward ecstasy of regeneration," this ecstasy of the personal religious experience was tempered by both rationalism and authoritarianism. The Puritan theologian, disapproving equally of the extremes of Catholic authoritarianism, Anglican rationalism, and Enthusiastic belief in "infallibility of the spirit," sought to harmonize revealed and "natural" religion by maintaining an ordered relationship between the divine revelations of the Bible and the natural revelations of the human mind and the human soul. At the top stood biblical revelation, unquestionably superior to natural; next came logical reason, the most trustworthy source of natural revelation; last came the revelations of intuition, emotion, and the aesthetic sense, valid only after being subjected to the tests of authority and reason. Consequently the imagination, the emotions, and the senses, essential assets of the poet, were suspect until double-checked by the combination of intellect and authority which constituted the orthodox Puritan brand of scholasticism.1 Since the orthodoxy of Edward Taylor has thus far gone unquestioned, it has been easier to account for his poetic limitations than for his considerable poetic achievement. His limitations have been emphasized in an article by Sidney E. Lind, who declares that Taylor was doomed to be a mediocre poet, whatever his native abilities, because he was an orthodox Puritan churchman in seventeenth-century New England. When at times "the poet transcended the clergyman" Taylor may have "looked at his verse with a sense of dismay"; but his lapses from the Puritan


A truck-like landing gear's simulation analysis was made using MSC/ADAMS,which is a kind of software for Virtual Prototyping Technology.Firstly,a landing gear prototyping model was established using CATIA and imported to ADAMS through SIMDESIGNER,which acted as a kind of interface software.Secondly,dynamic analysis of the landing gear's drawing back and putting down procedure and the impacting with the run way procedure were simulated with the established model.Finally,with the help of ADAMS' parametric design ability,the effect of some landing gear's parameters on the performance of the shock absorber and the distribution of the impact force was studied.Through this way,the integration of landing gear's design and analysis is realized and this new way also is proven to be practicable and can make great economic profit.


As one of the anti Fascist countries during W W Ⅱ,China had contributed extremely to the final victory of Anti fascist world war.14 year Chinese anti Japanese war was not only the key factor to the Japanese fascist destruction,but also the powerful back to the Defense War of former Soviet Union,and the pressure relaxation of the Allied armies of Britain and America in the Far East battle line.


The naturally occurring ethyl ester of p-methoxycinnamic acid can undergo efficient enzymatic conversion into the corresponding isoamyl ester via lipase catalysis using natural isoamyl alcohol as reactant. This transesterification provides a natural route to a popular sunscreen filter.


In this paper, we construct new models for the Anderson duals $(I\Omega^G)^*$ to the stable tangential $G$-bordism theories and their differential extensions. The cohomology theory $(I\Omega^G)^*$ is conjectured by Freed and Hopkins [FH21] to classify deformation classes of possibly non-topological invertible quantum field theories (QFT's). Our model is made by abstractizing certain properties of invertible QFT's, thus supporting their conjecture.


This paper proposes Systems of Systems (SoS) as a conceptual framework to support the creation, evolution and study of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). After reviewing the relationship between SDIs and generic Information Infrastructures (IIs), a comparison of the latter and SoS is presented. The conclusions of this comparison lead us to propose that IIs can be considered as SoS with several distinctive characteristics. This would allow the SDI community to consider a new set of techniques, methods and tools, coming from the SoS community, to advance in SDI research and development.


This paper introduces the optimal disposition of direction finder using EM(Electro-magnetic) wave propagation analysis which is based on LR(Longley-Rice) propagation model and the characteristics of direction finder, emitter and terrain. Initial model is simulated and modified to minimize propagation error as a result of the field trials. Proposed analysis used line-of-sight analysis and mountain-top extraction algorithm to optimize the disposition in the assigned area and the result can be displayed in the 3D map in order of the percentage coverage for direction finding possibility area.


Effect of anti-bacterial activity of CTS against surface water were studied and the acid solvent,molecular weight,pH value and concentration were also investigated.The result showed that acetic acid was the better acid solvent;the fittest pH value was between 5~6.The inhibiting rate was the highest when molecular weight was 4.4 kd and the antibacterial kinetic curves of CTS with other molecular weights had summit value.The number of bacteria was few after 10 hours.The antibacterial rate of CTS was enhanced with the rising of concentration.CTS can be used to inhibit bacterial in some surface water.


Cloud Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN) has recently been proposed as a promising network architecture to maintain both profitability and quality of service of the ever-growing existing networks. This paper provides an extended optimization study of improving the performance of Cloud-RAN targeting minimized consumed power for the network. The minimization problem can be formulated as a Joint RRH selection and power minimization beamforming problem. We adapt a proposed greedy selection algorithm to decrease the number of active Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) and to optimize the transmitted power from RRHs to end users maintaining heterogeneous users' QoS requirements. A heuristics-driven approach has been proposed and applied to the optimization problem to further reach better optimum solutions of power consumption and to reduce the problem complexity. Simulation results coupled with a statistical analysis show that more reduction in both power consumption and complexity have been reached.


The present invention relates to material preparing technology. The in-situ synthesis process of polyelement reinforced titanium base composite material includes the steps of: weighing and mixing spongy titanium, boron carbide, RE or RE alloy, boron oxide and alloying elements; smelting in cold mould furnace and pressing into electrode, welding and setting inside vacuum arc furnace, vacuumizing to 0.001-1 Pa, applying voltage and regulating current for smelting in twice or more times, and solidification. The present invention can prepare polyelement reinforced titanium base composite material in different sizes and shapes simply in low cost.


Abstract : Three different formulations are presented for expressing the initial motion direction of a system of contacting frictionless rigid bodies under gravity;. The bodies are assumed to have no initial velocity. The first formulation expresses the accelerations of the bodies in terms of the contact forces between the bodies. The contact forces are themselves expressed as the solution to a quadratic programming problem. The second formulation expresses the accelerations of the bodies according to Gauss' principle of least constraint. This principle is well-known to apply to systems with holonomic motion constraints (such as joints or hinges); in this paper, we show that the principle extends to the nonholonomic constraints that arise due to contact between bodies. The third formulation is conceptually the simplest; it says simply that the initial acceleration of the system is in the direction that most quickly decreases the gravitational potential energy of the system without violating the contact constraints between the bodies.


Background: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may develop bullae that can rupture into spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) during the diagnosis and treatment, which can be a predictor of a poor prognosis. However, late-onset bullous disease and SP after recovering from COVID-19 are unusual.Case: A 48-year-old male presented with sudden shortness of breath accompanied by chest pain. Three weeks earlier, the patient had finished treatment in the COVID-19 isolation room for 20 days with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia with severe ARDS. Physical examination demonstrates tachypnea, desaturation, decreased vesicular breath sounds, and hyperresonance percussion on the right hemithorax; without rhonchi or wheezing. Chest X-ray and CT scan showed a right pneumothorax with infected subpleural giant bullae in right perihilar, right lung collapse, minimal right-to-left lung herniation and post-covid pulmonary fibrosis. Culture and sensitivity examination of the pleural fluid showed the growth of Providencia stuartile. A chest tube was placed for the management of the pneumothorax. Subsequently, according to the results of culture and antibiotic sensitivity test, the patient was treated using piperacilin/tazobactam and amikacin. The patient showed clinical and radiological improvement following 41 days of treatment and could be managed as an outpatient.Conclusion: Our patient had infected giant bullae and pneumothorax post COVID-19 pneumonia and severe ARDS. The patient did not undergo a bullectomy in consideration of the post-COVID-19 condition and was managed conservatively using adequate chest tube and antibiotics. Patient responded well to therapy, showed clinical improvement and could be discharged.


Research shows that girls between the ages of four and fourteen years old are experiencing bullying by other girls in schools at an alarming rate. Bullying between girls is typically shown indirectly, which is also known as relational aggression (e.g. exclusion, gossiping). As Radliff and Joseph (2011) state "researchers are consistently reporting that girls involved in relational aggression are at an increased risk for internalizing and externalizing difficulties as well as other health related concerns" (p. 177). The purpose of this study is to examine the conflict resolution strategies teachers use to help their female students maintain empowering relationships with other female students. The study delves into the social constructions of femininity and how that plays a major role in the ways in which girls show aggression towards each other. The main question guiding this research is: How are teachers using conflict resolution strategies to help elementary-age girls maintain supportive and empowering friendships with other girls? Some subsidiary questions include: What are teachers' experiences with conflicts between girls in their classrooms? What are the benefits and challenges of using conflict resolution strategies to help female students cope with bullying among their gendered friendship groups? This research is a qualitative study where two educators were chosen to take part in a forty-five minute semi-structured interview. The findings from this study suggest that when teachers engage girls in conflict resolution strategies that allow them to share their stories and be collaborative, they see the importance of working together and empowering one another.


The article presents the results of a long-term stationary three-factor experiment on sod-podzolic loamy soil to identify the effectiveness of various methods of basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, the use of biological preparations in the technology of cultivating grain crops in six-field crop rotation. It was established that the most profitable elements of the technology in energy and economic terms will be: surface-cut treatment with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Azotovit and Phosphatovit biologics into the tillering stage of oat in a vetch-oat mixture for green feed; surface-cut treatment with KBM-4,2 cultivator or with pre-sowing treatment with a APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of Azotovite and Phosphatovite biological preparations into the soil before sowing winter rye for grain; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate for spring wheat; surface-cut treatment with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at tillering stage of oat in pea-oat mixture for grain-hay; ploughing with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Pseudobacterin-2 biopreparation at barley tillering stage; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at oat tillering stage.


The propagation delay variation induced by BTI in logic gates is studied. Using the deterministic BTI model introduced by our group in [1], a detailed description of its implementation in a commercial SPICE tool is presented. Simulations concerning the dependence of the BTI-induced propagation delay on the supply voltage and on the DC stress time of NAND gates are presented. The different impact of BTI for both low-high-low and high-low-high levels pulses is evaluated.


International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, 98 Farah Yousef, Rim Salame, Tamim Hammad Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. *Corresponding author's E-mail: email@example.com


The child is a complete person but has a need for others in order to develop his full potential. The adult is responsible for providing a safe environment in which the child can develop socially, spiritually, psychologically and somatically. The child is continually occupied with realising himself as a person and this is only possible if there is a relationship of trust between the child and the adult.


Background In September 2011 RSSB published a guidance document Measuring Safety Performance How to develop and manage safety performance indicators for Britain's railways. This was a deliverable from research project T852 'The application of leading and lagging indicators in the rail industry'. T852 was commissioned to investigate and support the railway in responding to recommendation 7 of the Baker Report, which followed the Texas City Refinery explosion in 2007; that is improving safety performance indicators (SPI) through considering proactive measures and monitoring process safety in addition to personal safety.


The association of CD4, a glycoprotein involved in T cell development and antigen recognition, and CCR5, a chemotactic G protein-coupled receptor, which regulates trafficking and effector functions of immune cells, forms the main receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus HIV. We observed that the vast majority of CCR5 is maintained within the intracellular compartments of primary T lymphocytes and in a monocytic cell line, contrasting with its relative low density at the cell surface. The CCR5-CD4 association, which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, enhanced CCR5 export to the plasma membrane in a concentration–dependent manner, whereas inhibition of endogenous CD4 with small interfering RNAs decreased cell surface expression of endogenous CCR5. This effect was specific for CCR5, as CD4 did not affect cell distribution of CXCR4, the other HIV coreceptor. These results reveal a previously unappreciated role of CD4, which contributes to regulate CCR5 export to the plasma membrane. in se rm -0 03 46 67 8, v er si on 1 17 D ec 2 00 8 Author manuscript, published in "Blood 2009;113(9):1938-47" DOI : 10.1182/blood-2008-02-141275


The author investigated the basal lamina of cutaneous lesions in lupus erythematosus (LE) at the dermal‐epidermal junction ultrastructurally, and discussed the differences between cutaneous LE (CLE) and systemic LE (SLE) and also among the types of cutaneous eruptions.


The purpose of this study was to examine the influence relationships among corporate culture, job characteristics and job satisfaction for Kaohsiung area bank industry. Random sampling was used in this study. Members were selected from the employees of bank industry in Kaohsiung area. A total of 300 questionnaires were handed out and 184 valid samples. The effective response rate is 61.33%. To test the assumptions and the structure of the theories, analyses of the differences among demographic variables were used to determine whether there were obvious sensitivities to various factors. In addition, the structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in the research to verify the influence relationships among corporate culture, job characteristics and job satisfaction. This study is summarily concluded as follows: 1. The corporate culture has a significant positive effect on job characteristics. 2. The corporate culture has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. 3. The job characteristics have significant positive effect on job satisfaction. 4. The corporate culture has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction and indirectly has a positive effect on job satisfaction through the moderating effect by job characteristics. 5. Significant differences were found in members' corporate culture, job characteristics and job satisfaction at their demographic variables (gender, job position, and age and education level).


Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignant neoplasm. Currently, no consistent and universal staging system for ENB exists. The aim of this study is to propose a TNM‐based classification.


In this paper, we compared the existing routing algorithms in the context of Software Defined Networking (<italic>SDN</italic>), where a logically centralized controller acquires the global view of the network, selects the paths using a routing algorithm, and installs the determined routing rules to the switches. We divided existing routing algorithms (RA) into three categories: RA with static link cost (<italic>RA-SLC</italic>), RA with dynamic link cost (<italic>RA-DLC</italic>), and RA with dynamic link cost and minimum interference (<italic>RA-DLCMI</italic>). We then implemented various routing algorithms from each category using <italic>RYU SDN</italic> controller and compared their performances on <italic>Mininet</italic> emulator. For the network state information (NSI) needed for the routing algorithms, we first consider the idealistic case where the accurate NSI is available, as assumed in the literature. However, since this is not possible in practice, we also considered the practical case where the controller periodically collects the NSI with some inaccuracy. In our experiments, we observed that while <italic>RA-DLC</italic> and <italic>RA-DLCMI</italic> give similar performance, <italic>RA-SLC</italic> falls behind of <italic>RA-DLC</italic> and <italic>RA-DLCMI</italic> in the number of accepted flows and total throughput. We also showed that the performance of every algorithm is adversely affected from the inaccuracy of NSI, calling for further research on developing effective NSI collection methods.


The external gear pump is external rotary positive displacement pump. Gear pump provides smooth pumping action & high volumetric efficiency. It is used in industrial machine for a fluid delivery and for a cooling purpose. It is used with a wide range of fluid viscosity. In this present work with the help of external helical gear type gear pump test rig generate experimental data with the used of contaminated burnt oil as fluid medium. Setup runs at a different rpm with adjusted speed of motor through vari-o-state, which measure with the help of the tachometer. At a different rpm of gear rotor check the performance of external gear pump.This data validate with the theoretical estimation & good agreement found.


The present study was undertaken to identify the metabolic pathway(s) responsible for myocardial plasmenylcholine biosynthesis. Rabbit myocardium contained .46 +/- .09 nmol/g wet wight of 1-alkenyl-2-acyl glycerol (AAG) which predominantly consisted of 16:0 molecular species at the sn-1 position. Incubation of rabbit myocardial microsomes (RMM) with (/sup 14/C)CDP-choline (/sup 14/C-CDPC) resulted in the rapid incorporation of radiolabeled choline into the choline glycerophospholipid pool. RP-HPLC separation of molecular species demonstrated that nearly equal amounts of radiolabel were incorporated into plasmenylcholine and phosphatidylcholine subclasses despite the fact that RMM contained 21 times the mass of diacyl glycerol as compared to AAG. RMM incorporation of /sup 14/C-CDPC into choline glycerophospholipids was substantially greater than incorporation of (/sup 14/C) phosphorylcholine or (/sup 14/C) choline. RMM incorporation of /sup 14/C-CDPC into plasmalogen molecular species was stimulated two fold by 500 ..mu..M CMP. Taken together, these results demonstrate that rabbit myocardium contains substantial quantities of AAG and that endogenous AAG is an efficient precursor of myocardial plasmenylcholine.


This study investigated kinetics of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) decomposition reaction of sugarcane
bagasse treated with hot compressed water under varied temperature in range 200-300 °C. Experiments were carried out using a batch type reactor with a temperature controller. Characterization results showed that the decomposition reaction was influenced by temperature and reaction time. Degradation of hemicellulose began at 200°C (3 min) and was completed at 240°C (5 min) to form arabinose and xylose. Cellulose started to decompose at 240°C (5 min) and was completely degraded at 270°C (20 min). Lignin decomposed at temperature range 200-300°C, and produced aromatic and phenolic compounds.
The kinetics calculation for decomposition reactions such as hydrolysis and dehydration reactions are adopted as
the heterogeneous reaction model. The model assumes that solid particle is cylindrical shape and this size is shrinking with reaction (cylindrical shrinking core model). Results of calculation indicated that the reaction is controlled with the diffusion through product layer. From these calculation and the results of decomposition mechanism can be explained as follows: (i) hydrothermal carbonization cellulose and hemicellulose are decomposed preferentially and un-reacted lignin part to be diffusion layer. (ii) the hydrolysis and dehydration reaction started at 200oC and 240oC respectively and reaction rate increased with increasing temperature.
Keywords: kinetic, shrinking core, hydrothermal, biomass.


Based on urban panel data from 2003 to 2011in China,we estimate a spatial Dubin model to examine the relationship between financial agglomeration and economic performance.Empirical evidence shows that a city's total factor productivity depends not only on local financial agglomeration but also on neighboring cities.The results are robust to three different spatial weight matrixes even after considering the spatial feedback effects.Further more,the geographic spillover effects of financial agglomeration exist only for a distance up to 110 or 120 km,quite limited in geographic scope.In this sense,distant cities in the same urban agglomeration,including Shanghai and Hangzhou,Nanjing,Shen yang and Dalian,Chongqing and Chengdu can play the role of regional financial center together.


The article presents opportunities and challenges connected with teaching the mother tongue in contemporary secondary schools in Poland. The subject of reflection is the concept of language teaching included in the newest core curriculum for high schools, technical schools, and vocational schools as well as its implementation in the series of coursebooks (7 volumes) published by the Operon Publishing House in 2019–2022. Both the school content and the detailed realization in coursebooks as well as additional materials reflect the tendencies in contemporary didactics. The adopted solutions functionalizing the language knowledge and shaping the students' language skills were analyzed. There have been pointed out difficulties that the authors of coursebooks and Polish teachers encounter while not being able to identify the detailed school content in the core curriculum. The suggested conclusions are to complete the content described in the core curriculum by giving more details about set readings. That way, students would be informed about issues in the areas of language teaching in accordance with the current language scientific knowledge.


User-centrism is one of the most important things in ubiquitous computing. Previously, lots of researches have addressed issues for ubiquitous computing, but most of them oversimplified a personal space as a set of devices in a fixed location or in a communication-ranged space. Thus, they have had a problem to describe sophisticated user-centric services. In this paper, we propose an effective personal space model called VPW (virtual personal world) for providing ubiquitous services. VPW includes various objects over several locations, tasks in progress, and proxies of other users. Thus, service provision based on VPW supports more delicate user-centric adaptation, use of multiple devices spread over locations, and harmony between multiple users and multiple services. Eventually, it increases user satisfaction in providing ubiquitous services. Experimental results show the VPW-based approach increase user satisfaction by around 20% compared to the location-based approach and by around 15% compared to the range-based approach


(57) Abstract: the projectile having an explosive charge (3) (1) self-powered type fuse device for (10), includes a first housing having a mechanical safety device (14) (12) there. By this safety device (14), detonator (18) the detonator cup holder having a (16), unintended movement from the inoperative position to the operative position is prevented to be dissociated. Detonator cup (18) is in the inoperative position, shielded from charge (3) which is caused to explode, only when in the operative position, is caused to communication with the explosive charge. The second housing adjacent the first housing (12) (20) has an electronic safety device (22), a firing acceleration of the apparatus collision shock and projectile to the target by (22) (1) There is sensed, piezoelectric ignition current which is caused to occur expression is energized only detonator cup (18) when selectively follows. That is, a predetermined magnitude from the detection of the firing acceleration within the predetermined time, if a collision impact to the target is detected, and an electronic safety device (22), electrically and detonator cup (18) in the operating position and a case where it is connected to the mechanical.


Tactical communication network systems are large in scale, widely distributed, and prone to failure. This paper analyzes it and proposes a calculation method for the tactical communication subnet usability standard. Then, the Monte Carlo fault-driven method is used to study the availability simulation of the typical tactical communication level subnet studied, and given a modeling example. This method has certain reference value in the experiment and inspection of tactical communication network availability.


all the infants – while the regression coeffficient of the time-domain analysis was -0.33 microM/mmHg – the lowest of all. This was due to cerebral oxygenation and arterial blood pressure being in counterphase. Conclusions Time domain analysis gave better discrimination among infants, suggesting better precision. Also, a high gain and high coherence may arise spuriously when cerebral oxygenation decreases as blood pressure increases


The Asian economic crisis dramatically influenced the context in which a growing number of international migrants had begun to spread from poorer to more industrialised countries in East Asia, accompanying the export and FDI booms of the 1990s. Important uncertainties included the impact on clandestine migrant workers, replacement of migrants by local workers and countervailing pressures for increased migration in labour exporting countries. The paper argues that the Asian economic crisis did not change the fundamental trend toward greater mobility within the region. The labour importers among the crisis countries continued to rely on unskilled migrant workers in '3-D' jobs in export-oriented industries, and business and professional migrants played an important role in the recovery. In addition, pressures mounted for greater international migration of unskilled workers from poorer, labour surplus countries. However, several countries were forced to develop a more coherent policy towards migrant workers, in light of the social impact on migrants.


This study is an attempt to investigate a comparative analysis using Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The refusal patterns of speech acts was contrasted in English and Persian fairy tales to see if it could provide evidence of applicable efficacy of NSM model which is claimed to be universal. The descriptive technique was the cultural scripts approach, using semantic primes proposed in the NSM theory. The cultural scripts were presented in both English and Persian Metalanguages. The data were collected from some English and Persian fairy tales. The results showed the applicability of NSM model for cross-cultural comparisons. Then, the paper concludes with the pedagogical implications of the development of the theory of cultural scripts for teaching L2 sociopragmatics in communicative interaction routines. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INF O Artic le h istory: Received: 26 November 2014; Received in revised form: 21 December 2014; Accepted: 5 January 2015;


The coexistence of several anoles in the same place is attributed to differential partitioning of resources. Although several mainland and island communities show a similar structure, differences in life-history traits, absence of niche complementarity, higher food supply and higher numbers of predators in mainland environments support the idea that predation, rather than competition, is a more important structuring force in mainland than in island anole communities. To analyse the pattern of ecological structure in mainland anole communities, we studied communities in three tropical rain forests of north-western South America to obtain data about the use of resources on three niche axes [spatial, thermal and morphological (as a proxy of diet)] for 17 species of anoles. We analysed the patterns of niche overlap for each axis and found that overlap on the dietary axis was less than the overlap on the other axes, indicating that species using similar spatial or thermal resources diverge strongly in their diet. In addition, we identified a niche complementarity among niche axes, suggesting that intraspecific competition is also an important process in those communities. Finally, this study revealed a similar ecological structure in different communities of mainland rain-forest anoles, which share seven ecomorphs, suggesting ecological adaptation and convergence in mainland anoles.


The farm sector of the United States is fast approaching its equilibrium asymptote in relation to the rest of the economy. The facts are simple and even startling to one who last looked at them five years ago. By 1967, as Table 1 shows, the one million successful American farms produced all but 15 percent of the output and wound up with a total family income averaging $14,000. Both the intermediate group (sales $2,500-10,000) and the non-commercial group (sales less than $2,500) were averaging nearly $7,000 per farm family from all sources. It is very clear that these two groups, comprising over 2 million farms are no longer primarily engaged in farming. In seven years, the intermediate group switched its income dependence from farm to non-farm income, and the non-commercial group did more than twice as well as before in non-farm income. Moreover, even the lower end of the farm income distribution is no longer in dire poverty; these families prudently substitute enough non-farm income to replace on-farm opportunities. It should also be noted that in the whole of farming, non-farm sources of income are just as important as farm sources.


Few studies have dealt with the occupation of caves during the Andalusi period in Southern Iberia. This may be explained by the attention placed traditionally on the trinomial mudun (cities), ?us?n (fortresses) and qura (farmsteads), in which other forms of rural occupation have been generally overlooked. In this paper we explore the sequence at La Dehesilla Cave –based on the analysis of animal skeleton remains, pollen, seeds and fruits, and phytoliths- with the aim to define the economic systems of its Andalusi inhabitants. Because the sequence displays two different occupation phases, the first during the Taifa Period in the second half of the 11th century and the second during the Almohad Period in the second half of the 12th century, this study characterises the ecological and economic systems of the two periods and highlights the differences between them. The data suggest that the economy of both periods was mainly based on livestock, and especially on sheep herds. Nevertheless, the comparison between them enables us to observe a few significant differences that indicate dissimilar behavioural and economic patterns. Plant macro-remains show a larger amount of cereals and leguminous seeds, as well as of domestic fruits, in the Taifa Period than in the Almohad Period. The zoological record displays clear differences between the two periods. The Taifa Period shows a greater proportion of herds while the input from hunting increased in the Almohad Period. Also, there are proportionally opposite patterns in the age of sacrifice of sheep. The earlier period may correspond to a more sedentary herding and partly farming population, while the second period to a mainly herding, perhaps mobile, population. These results are discussed within the political dynamics of the historical framework of the surrounding territory, and contribute to the knowledge of the rural economic dynamics of the Andalusi period.


The present invention relates to the field of tobacco products, tobacco discloses a device, including a mouthpiece (1), ash plate (2), the cigarette inserting opening (3), retractable push cigarettes (4), the mouthpiece cover (5) , control chimney (6), more flavor filter (7), and export the smoking article (9), the vent hole (10), the vent blocking plate (11), through the smoke channel (12), the hand guard (13), slip ring (19). The present invention makes use of the smoking article and the oxygen content, the oxygen flow into the relationship between the reaction temperature and the chimney control material. The smoking article of the same tobacco burning in a special device, the time can be extended about 300% --- 500%. Meanwhile, the present invention also utilizes various components soot, fireworks, cigarette, smoke oil residue was effectively controlled; the present invention reduces the waste of resources, reducing toxic tobacco smokers article to society, so that smoking can be more secure , health, environmental protection, culture.


The last century was characterized by increasing amount of nuclear energy around Europe. Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) generate about 30% of the electricity produced in European Union. Nonetheless, safety issues have been prominent in the public mind since the accident at Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe in Ukraine in 1986 and Fukushima in Japan in 2011. The present work aims at monitoring the ground deformation in the vicinity of Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant (North Bulgaria), as well as in the region of Akkuyu Bay (south Turkey) where a new Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) will be established. This research is conducted by applying advanced Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (DInSAR) techniques, using satellite SAR images. For the two study areas, data from ERS-1 and 2 and ENVISAT satellites were used covering a period from 1992 to 2000 and from 2003 to 2010 respectively.In order to produce the final deformation map it was applied the Stacking technique, the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) algorithm and the PS/SBAS (Permanent Scatteres/ Small Baseline) technique, performed using GAMMA software. In spite of the difficulties presented in each case of study, results indicate stability, with a negligible deformation rate which is ranging between -1mm/year to +1.5mm/year, for Kozloduy NPP, and between -1mm/year to +1mm/year for Akkuyu.


At the close of prehistory, the small Papuan island of Mailu was the location of a settlement that can be described as a central place. It was 'central' in that (1) with respect to the pattern of communications among contemporary sites in the area, it enjoyed a distinct relative locational advantage; (2) it was also very much larger, more influential and more functionally specialised than any other place. The Mailu Islanders alone maintained a fleet of large sea-going canoes and their island was the point of articulation of the local and long distance trade networks. They also held a monopoly of the manufacture and supply of pottery to a large surrounding area. The emergence of Mailu as a large and specialised centre is a major theme of this study. Archaeological evidence indicates that this area of Papua was first settled by pottery-using people approximately 2000 years ago. They practised a generalised gardening and fishing economy and lived in villages which were distributed along the coast and on offshore islands. Villages apparently were functionally unspecialised. It is suggested that Mailu developed as a central place 'in S'itu at a rate which accelerated through time. Support for this can be found in several independent areas of the archaeological evidence; (1) Mailu Island became central with respect to the pattern of local communication. (2) It acquired a monopoly of pottery making which it did not have in the beginning. (3) Pottery acquired characteristics associated with semi-specialist production. (4) It is suggested that the island population became larger and more socially stratified. (5) In the area as a whole, settlement density increased and in parts of the mainland, there was a radical shift in village location from the lowland coastal fringe to defensive hilltop situations. Inferences are made as to the processes by which these developments occurred. A number of variables are identified as associated with the emergence of Mailu and causal relationships are sought amongst them. They include (1) certain ecological factors; (2) the relative centrality of sites; (3) the role of middleman in trade; (4) other cultural factors including warfare. This work describes the initial archaeological research to be under taken in this part of Papua New Guinea. It began as an exploratory study whose general interest lay in the pattern of prehistoric settlement, the nature of interaction between sites and the processes of change. The thesis begins with a sketch of the archaeological background to the study and is followed by a reconstruction of the situation which existed in the area at the end of the prehistoric period. The archaeolo gical fieldwork that is described, included an extensive field survey and several test excavations. Sampling was designed to accomodate the range of environmental and cultural diversity recognised in the survey area. A model which assigns functions to the prehistoric sites found, combines archaeological, ecological and ethnographic elements. Analysis of samples of prehistoric pottery achieves a number of objectives; (1) it derives a relative chronology of sites as the basis for identification of successive settlement patterns; (2) it describes patterns of typological variability and change; (3) it discovers groups


About half of the world's population lives in cities. But by 2025, nearly two-thirds will live in urban areas. All of the fastest-growing cities are found in the developing world. By 2015, seven cities will have grown to more than 20 million inhabitants. All but one of these will be found in the developing world. These are some of the findings of the UN, presented to the Habitat II conference in Istanbul in 1996. (For a full discussion of the challenges of urbanization, see Todaro and Smith, chapter 8.)


A program (PARAM) is described which enables a user to compare the values of meteorological parameters derived from data obtained by the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) instrument on NIMBUS 7 with surface observations made over the ocean. The input to this program is a data base, also described, which contains the surface observations and coincident SMMR data. The evaluation of meteorological parameters using SMMR data is done by a user supplied subroutine. Instruments are given for executing the program and writing the subroutine.


The proposed NaYb(MoO4)2:Tm3+ nanothermometer creates a new relative sensitivity record in biological windows with high repeatability and low temperature uncertainty.


Apple and other technology companies are introducing a growing number of mobile apps that are designed to help people track and manage their emotions and behavior. The authors applaud a recent policy enacted by Apple to require that these apps go through the rigor of clinical trials before being available for consumers. In considering various aspects of social responsibility, financial growth is juxtaposed with the welfare of the public when it comes to the development of e-mental health apps.


Age is one of the factors that trigger hypertension that cannot be controlled, this causes more than 60% of the elderly to experience hypertension. One treatment that can be done to control blood pressure is to soak the feet in warm water. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking feet in warm air on blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension. Using quantitative research methods, the method used was pre-experimental with one group pre-test-post-test design, the research sample used purposive sampling with 20 elderly people, the research instrument used an observation sheet and a sphygmomanometer. The results of the univariate analysis of systolic blood pressure before the intervention were 159 mmHg and diastolic was 90 mmHg, the average systolic blood pressure after the intervention was 139 mmHg and diastolic 80 mmHg. The results of the Wilcoxon test bivariate analysis showed that systolic blood pressure p = 0.000 <0.05 and diastolic blood pressure p = 0.000 <0.05. The conclusion from the results obtained is that there is an effect of warm air foot soak on blood pressure in hypertensive elderly in Sambilenguk Hamlet.


The photo therapy in the medical terminology has been an effective treatment methodology to treat certain illnesses with the exposure of light. Generally in the neonatal care, photo therapy is mainly used for treatment of neonatal jaundice in the new born babies, cancer, etc. Also photo therapy has also been used for wound healing, to promote relaxation, improve fertility and simulate hair growth. Several photo therapy methods have been in existence for treatment of such illness. The existing photo therapy device to cure jaundice in neonates uses fluorescent lamp, halogen lamp, LED's as a direct spot light which is kept 35cm away from the patient on top of the bassinets, incubators and warmers. The need for a new technology arises to fulfill certain drawbacks in the current technology which includes warming the ambient air around baby which leads to water loss in neonates; exposure of naked eye to the treatment; uneven distribution of intensity; more space requirement in NICU and high cost which is prevailing in the market for 1500$. In addition, the present equipment uses a power of minimum 60 Watts which doesn't suit the remote places of developing countries as they don't enjoy uninterrupted power and doesn't act portable. The basic idea behind this project is to develop a low power LED based phototherapy unit to provide uniform light distribution intensity over a specified area of interest; pragmatically very low heat dissipation from the unit which accounts for no water loss from the baby; no need for eye goggles to protect the eyes; solar powered; rechargeable; portable and an effective treatment with a low cost technology Using a 470nm nanometer wavelength of Blue band light, this device will help to reduce the bilirubin content in the neonates affected with jaundice which is prevailing in every 50-60% of new born babies. The photo therapy treatment depends on the intensity of light and its surface area of exposure. A transparent sheet of dimensions with thickness around 1.5cm, length 75cm and width 50cm with 10 high power LED's Shall be 450-470nm light at the sides is under development


Weighted low-rank approximation (WLRA), a dimensionality reduction technique for data analysis, has been successfully used in several applications, such as in collaborative filtering to design recommender systems or in computer vision to recover structure from motion. In this paper, we prove that computing an optimal WLRA is NP-hard, already when a rank-one approximation is sought. In fact, we show that it is hard to compute approximate solutions to the WLRA problem with some prescribed accuracy. Our proofs are based on reductions from the maximum-edge biclique problem and apply to strictly positive weights as well as to binary weights (the latter corresponding to low-rank matrix approximation with missing data).


The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are regarded as the key policy agenda for national, regional, and local government to combat climate change impacts and promote sustainable development. For example, in Perth and Peel metropolitan area, the capital city of Western Australia, there has been a shift of policy setting from that of a sprawling city to a denser city, while maintaining and promoting its ecosystem services and achieving sustainable city goals. Residential verge gardens have been widely adopted in recent years by communities and local governments in the Perth metropolitan area. This study reviews the motivations and drivers for the uptake of verge gardens in metropolitan suburbs and identifies potential policy responses. The City of Bayswater local government area was surveyed for this research. The study considers a mixed-methods approach, including site auditing and a questionnaire survey for local residents who have transformed their verges. A total of 534 verge gardens were audited on residential lots, and 166 valid questionnaire responses were received from residents. The site-audit of the verge gardens in Bayswater found that native vegetation is the dominant verge garden of choice, followed by the ornamental garden, with food production (plants/vegetables) seeming to be the least popular option. Regarding the motivations and drivers, the study has found that social (e.g., aesthetics, flowers, social interactions, and social mimicry), environmental (e.g., attracting wildlife and birds and environmental practice waterwise garden), and personal (easy maintenance) drivers are the primary motivators for residents to adopt verge gardens. Whilst the on-ground surveys were prior to COVID-19, the article includes how this topic could relate to pandemic-resilient urban spaces. As local governments look towards supporting the sustainable outcome goals, the observations of this study will be helpful for developing local government policy and community programs in the promotion and uptake of verge gardens in Australian cities.


This paper presents a multimodal approach to predict affective dimensions, that makes full use of features from audio, video, Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) using three regression techniques such as support vector regression (SVR), partial least squares regression (PLS), and a deep bidirectional long short-term memory recurrent neural network (DBLSTM-RNN) regression. Each of the three regression techniques performs multimodal affective dimension prediction followed by a fusion of different models on features of four modalities using a support vector regression. A support vector regression is also applied for a final fusion of the three regression systems. Experiments show that our proposed approach obtains promising results on the AVEC 2015 benchmark dataset for prediction of multimodal affective dimensions. For the development set, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) achieves results of 0.856 for arousal and 0.720 for valence, which increases 3.88 % and 4.66 % of the top-performer of AVEC 2015 in arousal and valence, respectively.


biomaterial which has been an interesting area as improvement of manufacturing technology was focused to tailoring the morphological structures of fabricated one for various applications including tissue repair, wound healing, implant, and drug delivery system. Electrospinning technology has been utilized to fabricate nano-size fibers formed by subjecting a fluid jet to a high electric field. The ability to generate nanofibers, which mimic the size scales of fibers composing the extracellular matrix of native tissues and organs, has been developed for a long time. In this paper the high porous 3-D scaffold of biodegradable electrospun nanofibers could be manufactured with blowing agents and the fabricated structures were characterized via an optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermo-mechanical test. Also, the tailored scaffolds were analyzed in the aspect of degradation behavior.


The energetics of mini helix formation, comprised of hydrogen bonding, desolvation, stacking, and conformational adjustment energies, is investigated for both complementary and mismatched configurations. The preferential stability of mini helices involving Watson-Crick pairs relative to those involving mismatched pairs appears to be conferred principally by the difference in the conformation adjustment energy and only to a lesser extent by the differences in hydrogen bonding and stacking energies between the respective configurations. This result may be considered an elaboration of the base complementarity principle. The implication of these results on the stability of the genetic code and on the theory of point mutation is considered. Based on these considerations the U—U and G—U mismatched pairs are identified as plausible point mutational intermediates.


This thesis,from content analysis,intends to explore tourists' preference with the tourists' message of Jiaju Tibetan village as a sample.It is revealed that tourists interests lie more in cultural tourism resources than natural tourism resources.Cultural tourism resources mainly consist of local residents' attitudes and behavior.The characteristics of tourists' preference does not conform to the depict by Burstyn and McConnell in that most of them are actually mature travelers and prefer authentic village culture rather than cultural pseudo-events.The author is in favor of Mr.Wang Ning's theory that "cultural authenticity consists of objective reality,constructive authenticity and existential authenticity".This thesis holds that the key to ethnic village travel lies in the touch of tourists inner authenticity and providing of flow experience.


The article deals with the structuring of philosophical outlook using the methods of combinatorics. The author proposes a combinatorial table showing the range of ontological and epistemological positions of classical European philosophy, which can be divided into three groups: practicable, probable and impossible variations. The combinatorics as an annex of the philosophy is an effective method for determining the incompleteness of the linear narrative philosophic classifications.


Abstract Background: Reference intervals are crucial tools aiding clinicians when making medical decisions. However, for children such values often are lacking or incomplete. The present study combines data from separate pediatric reference interval studies of Denmark and Sweden in order to increase sample size and to include also pre-school children who were lacking in the Danish study. Methods: Results from two separate studies including 1988 healthy children and adolescents aged 6 months to 18 years of age were merged and recalculated. Eighteen general clinical chemistry components were measured on Abbott and Roche platforms. To facilitate commutability, the NFKK Reference Serum X was used. Results: Age- and gender-specific pediatric reference intervals were defined by calculating 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Conclusion: The data generated are primarily applicable to a Nordic population, but could be used by any laboratory if validated for the local patient population.