It is well-known that cloud computing has many potential advantages and a multitude of enterprise applications are currently migrating to public or hybrid cloud environments. This paper presents the workflow and implementation of a big data analysis framework with both descriptive and predictive analytics capability. This paper outlines the framework's ability to support not only a high level integrated KPI framework for enterprise reporting but also enabling a structured deployment of machine learning techniques to predict key drivers of railway performance. The two use cases highlighted are prediction of anti-social behavior incidence and train punctuality. Based on our evaluation, these two models are able to assist railway staff to estimate anti-social behavior cases and train punctuality at NSW TrainLink (NSWTL), Australia. 1.Introduction With the increase of both data storage capability and the prevalence of distributed computing, big data is expected to change the railway transport domain completely. These technologies, like numerous systems before them are another step towards more informed decision making at both an operational and strategic level. Currently, the most popular areas for advanced techniques in rail network analytics are safety, operations, and maintenance (Ghofrani, He, Goverde, & Liu, 2018). It is vital for a railway operating in the 21st century to be able to not only adapt but capitalise on new technologies to ensure corporate decision making is timely, effective and cost-efficient. The features of big data can be described using the '5Vs' (Laney, 2001) of volume, velocity, variety, veracity, and value correspondingly. In this paper, we address the above challenges by developing a framework for data analytics that allows multiple systems to cooperate and synchronize with each other to analyze and predict the key elements in efficient railway transport services. 4. NSW TrainLink Integrated Key Performance Indicator System BABEL has been deployed as an enabling technology for advanced analysis and predictive modelling at NSW TrainLink (NSWTL). NSWTL is a multi-modal passenger transport service provider, providing rail and coach services across New South Wales and connecting to other states inside Australia. The main vision of the Integrated Key Performance Indicator application is to identify and analyse dominant levers of business objectives to both managers and operational staff. ATRF 2018 Proceedings 2 Our KPI regime serves three main purposes. Firstly, it served customers as we mature the ability to enhance the elements of our service that affect them most. Second, it delivers enhanced evidence to our main stakeholders that the levers of our performance have not only been identified but are being actively managed. Third, it delivers NSWTL the enhanced capability of moving from an empirical recording of the performance to deriving general rules of operational performance. This translates to learning and proving the why behind the what. Figures 1 and Figure are provided as illustrative examples only. Due to privacy and security issues the real data cannot be provided. To reiterate, the below data is fabricated and the plots are provided as an example of the platform outputs. Figure 1. Customer Injury Analysis Figure 2. Technical Incidents Analysis The overall benefit of the KPI framework was to focus enterprise efforts on the levers of business performance as all employees are provided an overview of the major drivers of NSWTL performance. The senior leadership was better able to view the business in a strategic ATRF 2018 Proceedings 3 context and rectification efforts were able to be entered into, tracked and resolved more efficiently. A derivative benefit was the illumination of data quality holes in the business and the foundation for robust discussions around prioritization of fixes. 5. Predictive modelling with BABEL In BABEL, one of the key functions is predictive modelling. We present two predictive modelling applications that are currently running on BABEL in this section. 5.1. Anti-Social Behaviour (ASB) prediction Combating anti-social behavior (ASB) that allows for proper public security resource allocation is pivotal to ensure public safety on the New South Wales railway network. We are, however, recognize that the Police Transport Command has limited resources to ensure the safety of our customers and staff at all times. Rail customers who travel short or long distances by train rate safety as their highest priority (Moore, 2011). In order to enhance public safety, transport operators must find a way to allocate limited resources effectively. The introduction of predictive modelling for ASB at NSWTL is a progressive step forward to anticipate 'hotspots' on the network and help provide a safe environment for staff, customers and the community on both stations and trains. Machine learning is a methodology to discover latent information or patterns in datasets (Nirkhi, Dharaskar, & Thakre, 2012). It is an interdisciplinary study that involves real world situations and mining algorithms in a pure mathematical description that gives insightful analytics into various situations.Within the supervised learning area of machine learning, decision trees methods are frequently utilized. Tree-based methods for regression and classification involve stratifying and segmenting the predictor space into a number of smaller regions (James, Witten, Hastie & Tibshirani 2013). This algorithm is based on information theory that involves the splitting of nodes to allow for optimal exploration of all available features (Rokach & Maimon, 2005). The split criteria are based on information gain as trees are expected to be simple. Given defined entropy for classes as in Equation 1,


It argues on the approach to Professional Education mode in the PNE 2014-2024. We find that the Federal Professional and Technological Education Network expansion, the institutionalization of the Federal Institutes and the integration of actions regarding mid-level technical professional education, youth and adult education, and technical and professional education are movements of Brazilian National Policy for this type of teaching that has been consolidated over the last decade. From this assumption are discussed some of the many challenges that emerge for Professional Education in contemporaneity


The object of the invention is the use of a composition comprising at least a propolis extract containing polyphenols, like human oral nutritional supplement or as medicine to prevent and / or limit the side effects of chemotherapy.


The rate, product distribution, and stereochemical course for reactions of sodium phenoxide with 1-phenylethyl chloride and butyl bromide, respectively in acetone and in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at 100.0°, have been investigated as a function of phenoxide concentration. Alkylation with both halides obeys second-order kinetics. The rate constants increase at lower phenoxide concentrations, indicating that dissociated phenoxide ion has higher nucleophilic reactivity than the ion-pair or higher aggregates. The results of product analyses for the reactions at various phenoxide concentrations reveal that the dissociated phenoxide ion does not afford the C- but solely the O-alkyl derivative, where the ion-pair can give rise to both C- and O-alkyl derivatives. Alkylations with optically active 1-phenylethyl chloride and [1-2H]butyl bromide show that O- and para-alkylation (one of the possible C-alkylations) proceed with complete inversion of configuration, whereas the ortho-alkyl derivatives possess inverted configurations but accompanied by considerable (30–70%) racemization, despite their formation under SN2 reaction conditions. This is explained by ortho-alkylation proceeding partly by front-side attack of the phenoxide ion-pair, probably via a cyclic six-membered transition state. The possibility of a correlation between the mechanism of this sterically unexpected bimolecular ortho-alkylation and Sneen's ion-pair mechanism, proposed for bimolecular SN reactions, is discussed.


This paper defines t-type regression estimator for the linear functional errors-in-variabh;s (EV)models,the EM algorithm for t-type estimators in the ordinary linear model and linear functional EV model is given.Moreover,the consistency of t-type estimators for linear EV model is also obtained,Simulations are shown that performance of the t-type estimators by EM algorithm is quite well.


A performance essay with stage directions. An artistic reflection on working with the performance series Whole Body Treatment version 1 - 4. The performance explores new formats like theater on the body, the series, the 1:1 performance. The performance essay reflects on the different experiences with these new formats.


Reliefs on stupas depicting Buddha"s present life from his birth to pari-nirvana are overwhelming in the number of their objects and the variety of scenes depicted.It has not been possible to determine the sequence of the scenes based on the surviving fragmentary evidence. However several studies have suggested an overall order based on the partial remains of scenes in various stupas. The interesting finding of those studies is that the first scene of the reliefs depicts the scene of Dipankara Jataka, which comes from a story of Buddha"s previous, not his present life. This research examines the reliefs of Dipankara Jataka from Ancient India, including Afghanistan and Gandhara regions. The study focuses on three areas: their role as the first set of the reliefs in a stupa; the description in the sutra that the relief depicts, and the style, composition and artistic expression of the scene. Findings of the study can be summarized into five points. The first pointis the role of images of Dipankara Jataka, which bridges his previous and present lives. The second point is that the reliefs are selected from four scenes from a sutra: to buy a flower to offer the flower to a Buddha who passes a village to lay her hair on the muddy ground so that the Buddha avoids stepping his feet on the mud to resolve to become a Buddha in later life. The third point is that the size of Dipankara Buddha on thereliefs is bigger than other figures, which provide an idea why Dipankara Buddha became popular figure of a standing sculpture in the later period. The fourth one is that Dipankara Jataka became a necessary part of scenes from Buddha"s present life in the later period, and the scene in some cases was placed next to a scene of King Asoka offering soils as a pair. The fifth point is that Dipankara Buddha in the region of Hadda and Shotorak of Afghanistan has a motif of flames on his shoulders. This became a distinctive expression in Afghanistan which did not appear in the reliefs in Gandhara.


Medical cyber physical systems (MCPS) integrate the physical, communication and computation components of medical devices to enhance the quality and reliability of healthcare systems. With the remarkable progress of MCPS technologies in recent years, there is a need to advance the security measures to efficiently detect attacks in this domain. Research on intrusion detection for medical cyber physical systems is still in its infancy. For an efficient intrusion detection system (IDS), it is important to address the problem of feature selection to remove redundant, irrelevant and noisy features. Feature selection is even more relevant to address in MCPS as the use of entire feature space places unnecessary burden on resource constrained systems in this domain. Also since real-time detection of attacks is critical in healthcare systems, the amount of data processed by IDS must be reduced to achieve low detection latency. In this paper, we investigate the problem of feature selection in medical cyber physical systems. Our initial results demonstrate the laplacian scoring techniques are successful in optimal feature selection with reduced memory consumption.


Background: To assess the prognostic factors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) combined with radiotherapy (RT). Methods: All 101 patients who had received TACE combined with RT from January 2010 to December 2015 were included in this retrospective study. Tumor response and overall survival rate was analysed for all patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine prognostic factors. Results: The objective response rate was achieved for 73.3% of patients. The median survival time was 23 months (range: 3–60 months), and the overall survival rate at 1, 3, 5 years was 80.2%, 26.7% and 7.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage, Child-Pugh classification, TACE times and the total liver volume receiving >20 Gy (V20) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusions: The TNM stage, Child-Pugh classification, TACE times and V20 were independent prognostic factors for uHCC patients treated with TACE combined with RT.


Objective To compare three kinds of syphilis examination methods,they are TP- ELISA,TP- PA and TRUST. On the basis of advantages and disadvantages of every test to choose perfect one for conventional screening of syphilis. Methods Using TP- ELISA,TP- PA and TRUST exam 2115 cases. Results In total TP- ELISA positive samples are 80,positive rate is 3. 8%( 80 /2115). Both TP- ELISA and TP- PA positive samples are 77,confirm rate is96. 2%( 77 /80). TP- ELISA positive and TP- PA negative samples are 3,TP- ELISA false positive rate is3. 75%( 3 /80). Among TP- ELISA positive samples,TRSUT positive Samples are 20 cases,confirm rate is 25%( 20 /80),the other60samples' TRUST results are negative The rate is 70. 75%( 60 /80). Conclusions TP- ELISA is perfect method for conventional Screening of syphilis.


The purine nucleoside analogs cladribine and pentostatin damage DNA and cause long-term suppression of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). There is increasing concern that these reductions, particularly in CD4+ T-cells, may be associated with opportunistic infections and secondary malignancies. The anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox targets HCL without damaging DNA, and spares T-cells. In a phase 1 trial, 20 patients treated with 50 ug/Kg every other day for 3 doses for 2-8 (median 4) cycles were evaluated for T-cell subsets. CD4 cells increased -56% to 152% (median 46%) after end of treatment, decreasing in only 1 of the 20 patients. Because there is very little prospective data on the effect of purine analogs on T-cells, we analyzed data from 80 consecutively enrolled patients receiving cladribine in first line, 40 receiving cladribine in second line, and 52 receiving either pentostatin or bendamustine in third or later lines. The latter group was most appropriate to compare with moxetumomab pasudotox, which was also used in third or later-line treatment of HCL. CD4 counts after moxetumomab pasudotox were 85-600 (median 424), compared to 22-618 (median 73) after third or later line purine analog (p Citation Format: Robert J. Kreitman, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Evgeny Arons, Ira Pastan. Moxetumomab pasudotox spares CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in multiply relapsed hairy cell leukemia patients, while prospective trials of first, second, and later lines of purine analogs show increasing toxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4595. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4595


To evaluate the outcomes of pregnancies occurring during lactation. Materials and methods: Sixty-one women who had interpregnancy intervals of 2 years were evaluated. Group 1 included 39 pregnancies of lactating women. Group 2 included 22 pregnancies of women who ceased lactation before conception. The groups were compared for gestational weight gain, birth weight, and obstetric complications. Results: The birth weights of the subsequent pregnancies of the first group were statistically lower than the second group (3086.6 ± 379.2 versus 3386.8 ± 388.1 g, P = 0.006). There was no statistically significant difference in obstetric complications observed between the 2 groups (P = 0.073). In the first group, in the pregnancies without any complications, the mean duration of lactation during the subsequent pregnancy period was 2.1 ± 1.5 months, and it was 2.0 ± 1.2 months in pregnancies with complications (P = 0.985). Conclusion: The mean birth weight of the subsequent pregnancy was lower in pregnancies observed during lactation. There was no difference in obstetric complications between the 2 groups. The duration of lactation is not a determining factor for increased complications in subsequent pregnancies.


The current work demonstrates that electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a powerful and versatile characterization technique for investigating soft magnetic materials. The properties of soft magnets, e.g., magnetic losses strongly depend on the materials chemical composition and microstructure, including grain size and shape, texture, degree of plastic deformation and elastic strain. In electrical sheet stacks for e-motor applications, the quality of the machined edges/surfaces of each individual sheet is of special interest. Using EBSD, the influence of the punching process on the microstructure at the cutting edge is quantitatively assessed by evaluating the crystallographic misorientation distribution of the deformed grains. Using an industrial punching process, the maximum affected deformation depth is determined to be 200 - 300 μm. In the case of laser cutting, the affected deformation depth is determined to be approximately zero. Reliability and detection limits of the developed EBSD approach a...


The concrete filled steel tubular column for supporting a furnace at one glass factory has been firstly used in the world, with a total number of 70 columns in four rows. Hundreds of tons of high-temperature molten glass leaked out onto the ground at the bottom of the furnace columns and caused the fire. These columns had not miraculously been burnt away in the fire and had still effectively supported the furnace weight . This paper presents the fire situation, structure damaged status and mending work, and evaluates the fire-resistant characteristics of these columns.


Using a recursive modeling approach and data from the Euro area, the following paper analyzes the counter-cyclicity, stock price volatility is believed to demonstrate with respect to the state of the economy. It further tests whether such interdependence is exploitable for volatility forecasting. The sound contribution of this paper is the extension of the in-sample to an out-of-sample analysis. We deliver robust results that greatly challenge the theory of straight and clear-cut link between stock price variability and the state of the economy on an ex ante and ex post basis. Compared with the forecasting ability of an GJR-GARCH-Model, of the implied and historical volatility, the prediction power of macroeconomic and financial information on stock price volatility is practically deprived by the results presented. These underline the information load already incorporated in market prices and stand in line with the efficient-market hypothesis.


The paper is about the optimal control of a stochastic dynamical system. We provide a convex formulation to the optimal control problem involving a stochastic dynamical system. The convex formulation is made possible by writing the stochastic optimal control problem in the dual space of densities involving the Fokker-Planck or Perron-Frobenius generator for a stochastic system. The convex formulation leads to an infinite-dimensional convex optimization problem for optimal control. We exploit Koopman and Perron-Frobenius generators' duality for the stochastic system to construct the finite-dimensional approximation of the infinite-dimensional convex problem. We present simulation results to demonstrate the application of the developed framework.


Before he took over the management of the Economist in 1860, Walter Bagehot had not had much occasion to notice the United States, at any rate in his published writings. During the 1850s he had been too taken up with banking, and literary criticism, and expounding the value of stupidity in politics. To be sure, in 1859 he decided that the time had come to discredit the American example. The English were becoming disquietingly interested in democracy, a system as to which he had all the usual mid-Victorian doubts and a few extra. So he told the world, through the National Review (which struggling Unitarian quarterly he edited) that the vulgar American voters sent only vulgar men to Congress: " men of refinement shrink from the House of Representatives as from a parish vestry "; and that America was too unlike England to be a safe model. Then, just as he became editor of the Economist, the secession crisis and the Civil War erupted. It was incumbent on him to pronounce on these events, and it would have been most uncharacteristic of this sunny, self-confident man to shirk such a responsibility.


By the mid 1980s, the Argentine government had launched a process of trade liberalisation that would not be reversed in the future. This decision was framed within the political guidelines — conditionalities — demanded by the World Bank in order to release the loans the country needed to manage its foreign debt difficulties. However, within these broad guidelines, Argentina, as was the case with borrowing countries in general, still had ample freedom of action in terms of both strategic and contingency decisions, as when deciding to opt for either a unilateral liberalisation process or a negotiated one, when privileging a project involving deep integration or mere trade initiatives, or when choosing to establish bilateral agreements with border or with northern countries. In sum, options were not limited.


Much of the literature on the ESCOs'operations and the ESCOs project execution was focus on ESCOs business model and specific regional or nations ESCO project implement opportunity and obstacles. It was on the view of the government or ESCOs companies. They think since the ESCO project was pay by saving it selves. All the companies (consumers) must be satisfied if it make profits, So the improvement project will success. This "push" marketing method was neglected the real needs of the companies (consumers). In this research, we are focus on the viewpoint of consumers. Large with high operating performance and good finance company take ESCO improvement projects was still focus on the instinct of production problem that was quality, cost, delivery and safety. They were never taking the risk of impact productivity and reducing return of investment goal. It should be take consideration if the government or ESCOs companies want to promote ESCO business.


The invention relates to a device for cooling batteries, in particular of an electric and / or hybrid vehicle. This device comprises two inter-related spaces (1, 2), wherein in a first (1) of these spaces (1, 2) divided in adjacent columns batteries are housed and in the second space (2) at least one fan ( 14) is arranged. One of the rooms (1, 2) has an air inlet opening (5), while the other chamber (1, 2) has an outlet opening for the air supplied to the outside. The first space (1) is provided with means for altering the dynamics of the air flowing through it, starting from an axial circulation of air to the battery packs along.


Wood density ( ρ ) is a trait involved in forest biomass estimates, forest ecology, prediction of stand stability, wood science, and engineering. Regardless of its importance, data on ρ are scarce for a substantial number of species of the vast Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domain. Given that, the present paper describes a dataset composed of three data tables: (i) determinations of ρ (kg m−3) for 153 species growing in three forest types within the subtropical Atlantic Forest, based on wood samples collected throughout the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil; (ii) a list of 719 tree/shrub species observed by a state-level forest inventory and a ρ value assigned to each one of them based on local determinations and on a global database; (iii) the means and standard deviations of ρ for 477 permanent sample plots located in the subtropical Atlantic Forest, covering ∼95,000 km2. The mean ρ over the 153 sampled species is 538.6 kg m−3 (standard deviation = 120.5 kg m−3), and the mean ρ per sample plot, considering the three forest types, is 525.0 kg m−3 (standard error = 1.8 kg m−3). The described dataset has potential to underpin studies on forest biomass, forest ecology, alternative uses of timber resources, as well as to enlarge the coverage of global datasets.


.This book is massive. At 947 pages it dwarfs other recent companion volumes. Furthermore, at €249, its price is so high that it is hard to imagine the individual who would think of buying it. Even smaller libraries (a Classics Department's individual library, for example) may hesitate before dedicating so much of their funds to this work. (In contrast, one might note that the almost 400-page Cambridge Companion to Herodotus, also published in 2006, costs just $80.) In 1999, R.B. Rutherford began his review of Brill's A New Companion to Homer with 'maledictions against the publishers' for its 'truly monstrous price' of (at that time) $266.50: 'both editors and publishers should have thought much harder about what a book like this really needs to contain' (CR 49 [1999], 337–41). The same must be said of the present volume. After a brief introduction, this companion includes 32 articles in four sections. 'Author, Contexts, Ideas' presents eight articles on Thucydides' life and the publication of his work (Canfora), the new genre and its context (Corcella), the intertextual relationship of Thucydides and Herodotus (Rogkotis), Thucydides and the medical writers (Thomas), Thucydides as writer (or architect or designer) of the war (Bakker), Thucydides' invention of political science (Ober), his presentation of political communication (Tsakmakis), and his views on democracy and oligarchy (Raa·aub). 'The Art of Thucydides' includes articles on Thucydides' narrative personae (Rood), the interaction of speech and narrative (Morrison), Thucydides and his predecessors (Rengakos), narrative unity (Stahl), the utility of his text (Kallet), his treatment of topography (Funke and Haake), warfare (Hunt), religion (Furley), individuals (Gribble), and power politics (Tritle). 'Wie es eigentlich gewesen' discusses epigraphy (Smarczyk), Athenian history (Rhodes), comedy (Rusten), Sparta and Spartans (Cartledge and Debnar), Macedonia and Thrace (Zahrnt), Argives (Hornblower), Sicily and Southern Italy (Zahrnt), the Persians (Wiesehöfer), and other sources for the war (Hose). 'After Thucydides' includes articles on continuations of Thucydides (Nicolai), his reception in Rome and Late Antiquity (Canfora), Byzantine adaptations (Reinsch), Renaissance readers (Pade), and a brief overview of 'modern' approaches (Pires). What the volume lacks is attention to audience – to who might read this book and what they will want to μnd in it. The Editors note that the volume 'aims to give an idea of current developments in Thucydidean studies' but warn that 'there are important aspects of his work about which there is no truly common opinion' (p. xviii). Thus in many of the articles 'the focus is on argument rather than exhaustiveness, and it follows that they are to be read in a critical way' (p. xix). The very μrst article, for example, 'Biographical Obscurities and Problems of Composition', o¶ers readers Canfora's theory that Thucydides was never exiled, that 5.26 refers to Xenophon, and that 5.1–83 are 'part of the βιβμ α μαξρ0ξοξυα edited by Xenophon' (p. 14). It is curious to choose for the article on Thucydides' biography this decidedly non-traditional view. Specialists will have long since reached their conclusion on this argument (for Canfora's theory is hardly a 'current development', having appeared in Tucidide Continuato in 1970), but his article will be bewildering to


Efficient high‐gain many‐phonon steady‐state stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) was excited in the novel χ(3)‐active organic crystal of di‐glycine nitrate (DGN), (NH2CH2COOH)2 · HNO3, at room temperature under picosecond laser pumping in the visible and near‐IR regions. Besides high‐order Stokes and anti‐Stokes (comb) generation in this centrosymmetric crystal, several cascaded and cross‐cascaded χ(3) ↔ χ(3) nonlinear photon–phonon interactions were observed. The recorded Raman‐induced lasing wavelengths were identified and attributed to the SRS‐promoting optical vibration modes ωSRS1 ≈ 1058 cm−1, ωSRS2 ≈ 2985 cm−1, ωSRS3 ≈ 895 cm−1, and ωSRS4 ≈ 3000 cm−1. The measured large Raman frequency shifts (≈3000 cm−1) and estimated moderately high steady‐state Raman gain coefficients ($g_{{\rm ssR}}^{{\rm St}_{1} } $ ≥ 6.5 cm · GW−1) make this DGN crystal attractive for a number of new applications in modern laser physics and nonlinear optics.


Sucha wayto strengthen measuresfor the homestead slaughter of cattle in the Republic of Buryatia was made improvement Veterinary Inspection for the legalregulationof harvesting, processing, storage, transportation and sale of livestock products. In this connection, well issuehigh quality and safe products and raw materialsof animal origin in veterinary and sanitary, homestead orderedthe slaughter of animals, preventing the spread of infectious an. parasitic diseases common to humans andanimals.


As a typical signal processing problem, direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation has been adapted to a wide range of applications in radar-based systems. A high DOA resolution requires a large number of antenna elements which increases the overall cost. To minimise the cost, it is desirable to choose an optimum sub-array from a full array. To enable cognition, the subarrays are selected based on the present target scenario. By using deep learning (DL) based techniques, the authors show a cognitive sparse array selection technique. By using hardware simulations, they demonstrate the applicability of the deep learning (DL)-based sparse antenna selection network in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problems. They show that the DL-based sub-arrays lead to a higher direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation accuracy by 6 dB over random array selection.


Rate-based congestion control is effective and still simple for traffic management in ATM networks. One of its practical realization schemes is Enhanced Proportional Rate Control Algorithm (EPRCA) which has recently been proposed and adopted as a standard for traffic management scheme in the ATM Forum. In this paper, an analysis for EPRCA is provided for a network with homogeneous source traffic and a single bottleneck ATM link to investigate a dynamic behavior of EPRCA. In addition to three types of switches suggested in EPRCA, a prioritized switch is newly proposed. We exploit the dynamical behavior of EPRCA and obtain the maximum queue length at the switch and the throughput by using the first-order fluid approximation method. Equations for parameter tuning for EPRCA are also provided.


The capacity problem of web server can be solved by web cluster technology. The key point is load balancing strategy and algorithm. Traditional slrategies are effective to some kinds of web sites, but not suitable for all. The paper analyses the load characters of different kind of web sites. A content-aware web cluster load balancing strategy and algorithm is proposed. The efficiency will be evaluated through emulation experiments.


Shoulder pain is the second most common musculoskeletal condition seen in primary care. Specialists, general practitioners and medical students should be able to perform a thorough examination of the shoulder. This article describes techniques for shoulder examination in a simple 'look, feel, move' format and considers each method from a critical point of view. It is based on a review of the literature, textbook accounts and the author's personal experience. Word count: 6241.


The main goal of this study was to develop a stable formulation of antibiotic drug clarithromycin as an immediate- release tablet. The task of developing immediate release tablet is accomplished by using suitable diluents and superdisintegrants. Faster disintegration of the tablet administrated orally minimizes absorption time and improves its bioavailability in less time. The formulation development work was initiated with wet granulation method and a total of 8 formulations (F 1-F8) were made. The formulated tablets were evaluated for various precompression parameters and post compression parameters like thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability, disintegration test, drug content uniformity and in vitro release studies. The formulation F 8 showed satisfactory physical parameters, and it was found to be stable among other formulations. Formulation F 8 was subjected to 3 2 randomized full factorial optimization studies and 9 formulations (OF 1-OF 9) were developed and evaluated for various precompression and post compression parameters. Among the entire optimized batches, formulation OF 7 has been selected for further studies; since it shows better results (i.e., faster disintegration time and rapid drug release) than other optimized batches. The drug release of clarithromycin IR tablet (OF 7) was found to be 101.62±0.48 at the end of 30 min.The tablets of OF 7 optimized batch was subjected to accelerated stability studies as per ICH guidelines and the results showed that there were no significant changes in the physical and chemical parameters studied. From this study, it was concluded that optimized clarithromycin tablet (OF 7) containing croscarmellose sodium (3.029%) and Pregelatinized starch (6.029%) showed better characteristics of immediate release tablets.


The present paper extends our previous theory of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) by including time dependence and by including the impact of the magnetic field. The predicted mass spectra are similar to the time-independent ones with slightly shallower slopes at large masses and peak locations shifted toward smaller masses by a factor of a few. Assuming that star-forming clumps follow Larson-type relations, we obtain core mass functions in good agreement with the observationally derived IMF, in particular, when taking into account the thermodynamics of the gas. The time-dependent theory directly yields an analytical expression for the star formation rate (SFR) at cloud scales. The SFR values agree well with the observational determinations of various Galactic molecular clouds. Furthermore, we show that the SFR does not simply depend linearly on density, as is sometimes claimed in the literature, but also depends strongly on the clump mass/size, which yields the observed scatter. We stress, however, that any SFR theory depends, explicitly or implicitly, on very uncertain assumptions like clump boundaries or the mass of the most massive stars that can form in a given clump, making the final determinations uncertain by a factor of a few. Finally, we derive a fully time dependent model for the IMF by considering a clump, or a distribution of clumps accreting at a constant rate and thus whose physical properties evolve with time. In spite of its simplicity, this model reproduces reasonably well various features observed in numerical simulations of converging flows. Based on this general theory, we present a paradigm for star formation and the IMF.


The problem of estimating nominal direction of arrival and angular spread of a source surrounded by a large number of local scatterers using a uniform linear array of sensors is addressed. The maximum likelihood estimator is considered together with computationally simpler estimators, based on least squares ts of sample covariance to theoretical covariance matrix derived from a parametric model of the situation. Analysis of the the least squares based algorithms is carried out and based on this analysis an optimally weighted least squares algorithm is proposed. Asymptotic e ciency of the weighted least squares algorithm is proved. Results of numerical experiments are presented to indicate small sample performances of the estimators. Finally the methods are applied to experimental data. 1


Monitoring of nucleus geometry and growth into dual types of periodically ring-banded morphology in poly(nonamethylene terephthalate) (PNT), respectively, Type-1 and Type-2, are done with detailed analyses using polarized-light optical microscopy (POM) in-situ CCD recording; the periodic assembly morphologies are characterized using atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different annealing treatments (Tmax = 110, 120, 130 °C) are accomplished at a crystallization temperature of 85 °C; effects on the nucleus geometry, number (25–10%) and volume fractions (33–15%) of Type-2 among two types of banded PNT spherulites are expounded. Growth of a specific type of periodically banded PNT spherulite is initiated from either highly elongated sheaf-like or well-rounded nuclei, with the final grown lamellae being self-packed as multi-shell structures. Nucleation geometry and crystallization parameters collectively lead to development of multiple types of banded PNT spherulites of different relative fractions.


ABSTRACT Introduction The current armamentarium of antifungal agents for invasive mold infections (IMI) has dramatically improved over the last 50 years. Existing therapies are, however, associated with toxicities, drug interactions, and, in some cases, therapeutic failures. Novel antifungals are needed to address the increasing prevalence of IMI and the growing threat of antifungal resistance. Areas covered We review the history and development of the most commonly used antifungals. We discuss the current consensus guidelines and supporting data for treatment of invasive mold infection (IMI), the role of susceptibility testing, and the niche that novel antifungals could fill. We review the current data for aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and hyalohyphomycosis. Expert opinion Robust clinical trial data demonstrating the relative effectiveness of our current antifungal agents for treating IMI outside of A. fumigatus remains limited. Clinical trials are urgently needed to delineate the relationship between MICs and clinical outcomes for existing agents and to better evaluate the in vitro and in vivo aspects of antifungal synergy. Continued international multicenter collaboration and standardized clinical endpoints for trials evaluating both existing and new agents are necessary to advance the field.


Astragalus, as a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has many
pharmacological effects, such as protection of nerves, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, etc. It can also
be used to treat colds, numbness, diarrhea, indigestion, and anemia. Because of the current market,
there are a large number of synonyms, synonyms, and multiple sources of one medicine. The use of
near-edge plants in medicine and other fake, substandard as a good phenomenon also prevails.

In this study, a method combining electrochemical fingerprinting with SPSS software was
developed to identify the origin of Astragalus membranaceus. The electrochemical fingerprints of
Astragalus membranaceus with different accessions and different origins were examined using an
electrochemical workstation. Then the characteristic parameters were selected to achieve the origin
identification of Astragalus with SPSS software using cluster analysis and discriminant analysis.

The results of this method divided the origin of Astragalus into the Qinling production area
and other production areas.

This method can be used to identify the origin of Astragalus membranaceus, which
provides a new method to identify Astragalus membranaceus and other TCM without extracting the
active ingredients of Chinese medicines, in line with the traditional "holistic" treatment concept of
TCM.


Fluorescent real-time PCR system for the assay of duck meat in foods was established on the basis of a pair of prim ers and the TaqMan probe specific for duck was designed a ccording to the sequence of duck nuclear gene(IL-2). We also designed and established an internal amplification control(IAC) and TaqMan probe for IAC. Results showed that the specificity of TaqMan real-time PCR was reliable and it could detect the presence of duck meat even when the concentration of DNA was reduced to 0.5 ng. The sensitivity of this method was 0.1%. Its accuracy was verified with 38 food samples from the market.


Twentysixpatients withinsulin dependant diabetes meilitus underwent a gastric emptyingtest, a gailbladder contraction test, an orocaecal transit study, anda colontransit test.Elevenpatients hadsignsofcardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, 15patients were without signsofcardiovascular autonomicneuropathy. Meangastric clearance of radioopaque markers ingested witha meal averaged 29-5(2.3) markers per sixhoursin subjects without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy compared with17*8(2.3) markers persixhoursinpatients withcardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (p<002). Gailbladder emptying inresponsetograded CCK8stimulation was impaired infive of11patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, whereasit was normal inthepatients without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (p<0.01). Oral caecal transit timeswere notsignificantly different inthetwopatient groups,whereas colonic transit was slower inthepatients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy comparedwiththegroup without cardiovascular


The effect of the joint use of sourdough and enzymes in breadmaking on total, soluble and insoluble pentosans, and composition of water extractable pentosans was studied. Two wheat flours of differ ent baking quality, two commercial starters (a pure strain of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and the multiform starter Böcker) and two commercial enzymes (pentosanase/amylase, lipase, and their com bination) were included in the study. The presence of sourdough starters modified the amount of water extractable pentosans, promoting a solubilization at the dough stage and insolublization dur ing baking, as well as a greater degree of arabinose substitution. Flour and enzymes interacted along the different stages of the process. The pentosanase/amylase increased extractability of pentosans depending on the endogenous pentosan structure of either flour. Both flours showed different degrees of arabinose substitution, which was modified by enyzme treatment, mainly during baking.


It is pointed out in the literature that the vacuum chamber has the effect of explosion suppression. The effect of explosion suppression depends on the volume of the vacuum chamber, while the vacuum degree has little effect on the performance of explosion suppression. Inspired by this, to explore a new method of gas explosion suppression, a rectangular steel cavity with a wall thickness of 10 mm, a length of 500 mm, a width of 800 mm, and a height of 200 mm was designed. The cavity was installed in a pipeline system to carry out experimental research and to investigate the law of attenuation of gas explosion flames and shock wave overpressure after passing through the cavity. The results show that the single cavity has the function of flame-out and wave attenuation, which attenuates the explosion flame and shock wave overpressure by 42.5% and 11%, respectively, and that the dual cavity further improves the performance of flame-out and wave attenuation, which attenuates flame and shock wave overpressure by 75.4% and 26.7%, respectively. On the basis of the experimental study, a numerical model was established, and a numerical simulation was carried out under the same conditions as the experimental study. The results show that the single cavity inhibits the propagation of the shock wave and attenuates the shock wave overpressure by 10.61%. The dual cavity further improves the suppression performance and attenuates the shock wave overpressure by 28.88%. Finally, by simulating the propagation process of the gas explosion shock wave and flame in the cavity, the mechanism of inhibiting gas explosion propagation by the cavity structure is analyzed.


The invention provides a surface nitriding method for a timing gear of a hard tooth-faced engine. The method is small in deformation and stable in quality during the nitriding process, and is capable of solving the problem of pitting and spalling of the gear. The manufacture process is energy-saving and environmental-friendly. The steps are as follows: (1) a step of putting a molded gear into a nitriding furnace where the range of the vacuum degree is between 400 and 700 Pa, and then rising temperature to between 530 and 540 DEG.C; (2) a step of filling alkaline air into the furnace where the temperature is kept between 530 and 540 DEG.C, the alkaline air filling volume is 1.5 to 2 L per minute, and the filling time is 5 to 6 h; (3) a step of rising the temperature to between 550 and 560 DEG C, and simultaneously filling nitrogen at the rate of 1 to 1.5L per minute and filling rare-earth solution at the rate of 0.2 to 0.25L per minutes, the filling time is 3 to 4h; (4) a step of stopping filling the alkaline air, the nitrogen and the rare-earth solution, ensuring that the range of the vacuum degree in the furnace is between 400 and 700 Pa, and decreasing the temperature slowly; opening the nitriding furnace, air cooling and then taking out the gear after the temperature is lower than 150 DEG.C.


Since the word "definition" is considered with all the vague generality i t may have, the author shows rather easily tha t nothing very definite can be said about some kinds of definitions, particularly about real definitions. Although some problems of formalized definition are mentioned (e.g. tha t of the t ru thvalue of a definition), none of them is discussed from the technical point of view of symbolic


The reaction of Me2Si(N-t-Bu),EC1 (E = Sb, Bi) with NaM(CO),Cp (M = Fe, Mo, W; Cp = q5-C5H5) affords metallastibanes and bismuthanes, Cp(CO),ME(N-t-Bu)zSiMez (4a-c, 5a-c). The structures of 4c (E = Sb, M = W) and 5c (E = Bi, M = W) have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Both compounds are isotypic and isostructural and crystallize in the triclinic space group with a = 7.030 (9) A, b = 10.51 (1) A, c = 16.22 (2) A, a = 94.1 ( 1 ) O , 0 = 90.4 ( 1 ) O , y = 104.9 (1)O, 2 = 2 for 4c and a = 7.014 (9) A, b = 10.57 (1) A, c = 16.25 (2) A, a = 94.1 (l)', /3 = 90.1 (1)O, y = 104.6 (1)O, 2 = 2 for 5c. The E-W o-bond lengths are 3.010 (1) A for E = Sb and 3.082 (1) A for E = Bi. The reaction of the antimony derivatives with Fe2(CO)9 yields [Fe(CO),]Cp(CO),MSb(N-t-Bu),SiMe2 (6a-c) as a result of the complexation of the antimony lone pair. The crystal structures of 6a (M = Fe) and 6b (M = Mo) have been determined. 6a crystallizes in the monoclinic space group with a = 10.399 (9) A, b = 16.76 (2) A, c = 15.74 (1) A, P = 94.16 (6)O and Z = 4. Both Sb-Fe bond lengths are almost similar: 2.547 (1) A for the covalent bond and 2.530 (1) A for the dative bond. 6b crystallizes in the monoclinic space group with a = 12.305 (7) A, b = 13.812 (7) A, c = 16.75 (1) A, 0 = 99.03 (5)O, and 2 = 4. The Sb-Mo covalent bond length is 2.871 (1) A and the Sb-Fe dative bond 2.539 (1) A.


Let A*B be a product on matrices such as the usual matrix product A*B = AB,
the entrywise product A*B = [a_{ij}b_{ij} ], and the Jordan triple product A*B = ABA.
Characterizations of multiplicative maps with respect to * which leave certain functions
of matrices invariant are given. These functions include the rank, eigenvalues,
and higher rank numerical ranges of matrices


Six typical functional zones,namely as steel industry,industrial and residential mixed zone,road side,inner residential area,scenery site and suburbs in Nanjing,Jiangsu Provinec,China were selected for airborne dust collection.Dust deposition rates and particle-size were analyzed and calculated.The results indicated that the deposition fluxes varied in range of 3.58~65.53(g/(m~2·month)) from November to March.The number-size distribution in the deposition exhibited a unimodal distribution pattern with the peak in the 0.05~0.20μm.However,the volume-size distribution of industry zone,with a higher peak in 10~50μm range and a lower peak in 100~500μm range,was the same with industrial and residential mixed zone;but the other zones displayed unimodal distribution pattern with the peak in 10~50μm range.From making a comprehensive view it was found that the natural airborne dust of a city reflected the atmospheric particle background characteristics of the deposition areas and the influence of the regional human activity and atmospheric circulation in low altitude air,and the effects of regional human activity especially in industry and road were more than atmospheric circulation.


This paper examines predictability in stock return in developed and emergingmarkets by testing long memory in stock returns using wavelet approach. Wavelet-based maximum likelihood estimator of the fractional integration estimator is superior to the conventional Hurst exponent and Geweke and Porter-Hudak estimator in terms of asymptotic properties and mean squared error. We use 4-year moving windows to estimate the fractional integration parameter. Evidence suggests that stock return may not be predictable indeveloped countries of the Asia-Pacificregion. However, predictability of stock return insome developing countries in this region such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines may not be ruled out. Stock return in the Thailand stock market appears to be not predictable after the political crisis in 2008. Keywords—Asia-Pacific stock market,long-memory, return predictability, wavelet


The solubility of methane in tetrahydrofuran + ethanol has been measured at (300.15 and 274.45) K at pressures from (2.71 to 9.40) MPa. The experimental data were analyzed using the Soave−Redlich−K...


Modern computer speech‐signal analysis techniques are applied to the study of the acoustic characteristics of surreptitiously recorded conversational speech. Vowel formant values are found to vary considerably more than previous studies have led us to believe. Several parameters that could be causing these fluctuations are dealt with here. The phonemic context appears to be an important cause of variation. A tendency to produce an open vowel in closed syllables would appear to be true for all French vowels, although slightly more pronounced for midvowels. Vowels in the last syllable of a breath group (the stressed syllable in French) are generally more stable than those occurring in unstressed ones. The phenomenon of vowel reduction in French, although less pronounced than in English, is nevertheless quite noticeable. Other possible causes of variation are discussed as well.


PURPOSE: A safety vehicle seat for children is provided to improve safety and comfortableness by adjusting the space according to growth of children with installing side guards and a height adjustable unit of a backrest. CONSTITUTION: A safety seat for a child in a vehicle comprises a seat part(100) and a backrest(200) to form a support part, and children are placed in the support space. The seat part consists of a seat body(111) and an adjusting member adjusting the height of a seat belt. A pair of side guards(210) are moved outward, and installed at both sides of the backrest to protect the head and the shoulder of the child. The side guards have a head protecting pad(211) and a shoulder protecting pad(212). A height adjustable unit is installed between the seat part and the backrest to adjust the vertical position of the backrest. The safety and the comfortableness are improved with adjusting the support space in the safety seat for children.


The research progress on cushioning and mechanical performance of corrugated paperboard and its structural component were discussed.Besides,the development trends in research of cushioning performance of corrugated paperboard and its structural component were put forward.


Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing is often used to estimate pure-tone behavioral thresholds in children and/or adults who cannot be tested reliably with conventional audiometric techniques. A question often raised by audiologists is "How accurately do ABR thresholds predict the pure-tone audiogram in the clinical population?" The answer to this question is determined to a large extent by the stimuli used and the frequency and place specificity of the ABR to these stimuli. The frequency specificity of an audiometric measure is a term generally applied to the evaluation of thresholds and refers to how independent a threshold at one stimulus frequency is of contributions from surrounding frequencies (Stapells et al., 1985, 1994). Place specificity, on the other hand, refers to the portion of the cochlear partition contributing to the response (Starr 8c Don, 1988). This article briefly considers how stimulus, noise masking, and recording parameters affect the frequency and place specificity of ABRs to air-conducted and bone-conducted stimuli. Issues concerning the use of clicks for ABR threshold estimates are first presented, followed by results for tone-evoked ABR thresholds and how well they predict the pure-tone behavioral audiogram. Noise-masking options (e.g., high-pass noise, notched noise, and white noise) to improve the frequency specificity of tone-evoked ABRs, which are now available on clinical ABR units, are also discussed. Finally, specific parameters and protocols for obtaining frequency-specific ABR threshold responses are provided. The goal of this article is to demonstrate that ABRs to tonal stimuli can be successfully recorded in most clinical environments and can provide reasonably accurate estimates of 500to 4000-Hz pure-tone behavioral thresholds in infants, children, and adults.


The Collaborative Research Centre 574: Fluids and Volatiles in Subduction Zones has the overarching
goal to understand the role and fate of volatiles and fluids in the entire subduction system.
The SONNE cruise SO-210 was the last major expedition of the 12-year programme.


Based on the literature, the largest stumbling blocks to curricular reform at the elementary level are a lack of teacher math content knowledge and a lack of modeling of standards-based classroom practices. This study examines the effect on classroom .practices, especially in the area of teacher initiated, critical thinking questions, when these barriers are removed by providing teachers with sustained, standards-based professional development that: expands content knowledge through modeling, hands-on, inquiry-based, constructivist teaching, models and emphasizes the use of critical thinking questions, encourages collaborative learning, and provides immediate opportunities for implementation and reflective practices. Document Type Thesis Degree Name MS in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/mathcs_etd_masters/54 The Effect of Standards-Based Professional Development i The Effect of Standards-Based Professional Development in Content Knowledge and Questioning Techniques on Classroom Practices of Fourth Grade Teachers Elizabeth T. Walker St. John Fisher College The Effect of Standards-Based Professional Development 11 Abstract Based on the literature, the largest stumbling blocks to curricular reform at the elementary level are a lack of teacher math content knowledge and a lack of modeling of standardsbased classroom practices. This study examines the effect on classroom .practices, especially in the area of teacher initiated, critical thinking questions, when these barriers are removed by providing teachers with sustained, standards-based professional development that: expands content knowledge through modeling, hands-on, inquiry-based, constructivist teaching, models and emphasizes the use of critical thinking questions, encourages collaborative learning, and provides immediate opportunities for implementation and reflective practices.Based on the literature, the largest stumbling blocks to curricular reform at the elementary level are a lack of teacher math content knowledge and a lack of modeling of standardsbased classroom practices. This study examines the effect on classroom .practices, especially in the area of teacher initiated, critical thinking questions, when these barriers are removed by providing teachers with sustained, standards-based professional development that: expands content knowledge through modeling, hands-on, inquiry-based, constructivist teaching, models and emphasizes the use of critical thinking questions, encourages collaborative learning, and provides immediate opportunities for implementation and reflective practices. The Effect of Standards-Based Professional Development 111


ethanol is the most frequently detected drug in deaths from all causes, particularly traffic and labour accidents. the aim of this study was to assess the presence of alcohol among drivers involved in fatal road traffic accidents between January 1990 and December 2007, by presenting the requests and ethanol results of the road traffic accidents autopsies, from the Pathology service of the centre Branch of the national Institute of Legal medicine and from a Legal medicine office. In the Forensic Pathology service and in the office a total of 9409 and 1219 autopsies were performed, respectively, 3095 and 336 on road traffic accidents victims. ethanol analysis was requested only in 54.5% and 75% of the road traffic accident cases, with 31% and 47% positive results, respectively. the major percentage involved concentrations over the maximum limit legally allowed (1.2g/L), being this undoubtedly present in males with ages between 21 and 30 years-old. Research has identified alcohol as a significant factor related to traffic accidents and this has led to specific legislation and methods of enforcement to prohibit this form of impaired driving. keywords: ethanol; road traffic accidents.


Reporting a user-reaction study of low-income dwellings near Delhi, the author, who is an architect with the Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, presents evidence to show the general superiority of the Holopan System dwellings over the traditionally-built dwellings with similar specification on the same site. This type of simple prefabrication is advocated as an appropriate technology for mass housing in developing countries.


The compositions of bark fiber in 64 samples(2-3 year old branches) of wild Pteroceltis tatarinowii population in Daguisi National Forest Park,Hubei province were analyzed.Results showed that the average value of moisture,ash,cold water extraction,and hot water extraction was 8.267%,6.273%,24.025%,and 26.594%,respectively;of 1%NaOH extraction,benzene-alcohol extraction,holocellulose,and acid accumulator insoluble lignin was 60.904%,11.011%,56.759% and 9.698%,respectively;cellulose absorbance value was 0.373.The distribution of four indices,namely acid accumulator insoluble lignin,ash,cellulose absorbance,and 1%NaOH extraction,was near to normal distribution,but other variables had large skewness.The inter-correlations between moisture and 1%NaOH extraction,ash and acid accumulator insoluble lignin,holocellulose and acid accumulator insoluble lignin were significant(p 0.05).The inter-correlations between moisture and ash,moisture and hot water extraction,moisture and holocellulose,benzene-alcohol extraction and holocellulose,benzene-alcohol extracts and acid accumulator insoluble lignin were highly significant(p 0.01).The 64 samples could be divided into 23 groups with average linkage of 5.627,which showed high phenotypic diversity in the wild Pteroceltis tatarinowii population in Daguisi National Forest Park and its broad prospect of genetic improvement.


Preparation of PEL-chip Preparation of chemical inks The chemical inks (listed in Table S1) used in experiments, fluorescein sodium was used as indicator (7, Table S1). All chemicals were of analytical-grade. A series of precursor solutions were prepared in given concentrations respectively to be the printing inks. Particularly, the surface tension was also adjusted with ethanol and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGBE) to make it consistent exactly with original ink (~45 dyn mL-1), ensuring proper work of printer.


There are a number of Taoist ritual writings on abide by the law of abstinence in Dunhuang Manuscripts.Those ritual writings were found under influences of Buddhist ritual writings and local customs. The literary style and content of those Taoist ritual writings differs completely from the ones found in the Chinese Central Plains.Those Taoist writing in the period of the Return to Allegiance Army in Dunhuang represented multi-cultural elements and connotation with the life care,ethnics and moral teaching,prayers and faith as its core and reveals vividly a special survival condition of Taoist culture in Dunhuang Society.Generally speaking,the development of the Taoist ritual writings in Dunhuang of this period had accustomed to the existing religions rituals and folk culture and had developed themselves a certain form too.


Phenols, avonoids and anthocyanins content was determined in the Rubus adenotrichus' fruit methanol extract, as well as the ability to inhibit free radicals by colorimetric methods. Anthocyanins were quanti ed and identi ed by HPLC. The colorimetric test results were: phenol 29.23±1.4 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE), avonoids 5.26± 0.25 mg catechin equivalents (CE) and 12.3 mg anthocyanins per each gram of dried fruit. It was identi ed the cyanidin-3-glucoside anthocyanin with tR 60.6 min, by this method was obtained 11.5 mg of anthocyanins as the equivalent of cyanidin-3-glucoside per g of dry fruit. The CE50 of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was 148 μg/mL, the standard was vitamin C with an EC50 of 18.7 μg/mL. The high content of anthocyanins in this specie allows us to recommend its use as an antioxidant. Comunicacion Tecnica Antocianinas y actividad anti radicales libres de Rubus adenotrichus Schltdl (zarzamora) Anthocyanins and anti free-radical activity of Rubus adenotrichus Schltdl (blackberry) Palabras clave: Rubus adenotrichus Schltdl, fenoles, antocianinas, HPLC, DPPH


Queer of Color Theory (QOCT) has emerged as a new field of study with the rise of LGBTQ+ visibility in the modern day political landscape. QOCT is an extended analysis of queer theory that explicitly and intentionally takes into account race, imperialism, and colonialism. Queer of color theory can be used to create or expand upon an already existing theory, and has roots in Black feminism. Using QOCT as a method of analysis, this essay discusses Black and Indigenous erasure within the Latinidad movement and seeks to examine those who have been systemically left out of Latinidad narratives. Further, this essay speaks to the works of feminist scholar and author Gloria Anzaldúa, hoping to both critique and build off of her ideas with regards to Latinidad and Mestizaje.


Though Dr. Phillips' story got more attention in the press and physician murders are more sensationalized, his story is unfortunately not unique;less than two weeks after the Tulsa shooting, a nurse, and a paramedic were stabbed and critically injured by a patient in a St. Louis hospital.2 Overall, there is not a lot of data on the murders of healthcare workers, but the Bureau of Labor statistics reported 64 on-the-job fatalities for healthcare workers in 2020.3 Non-fatal assaults, on the other hand, are far more prevalent, with close to half a million in 2020,4 and with healthcare accounting for nearly as many serious violent injuries as all other industries combined.5,6 The data are limited by the sheer lack of reporting on workplace violence. The cumulative burden of violence faced by psychiatric and nursing home nurses has contributed to a staggering shortfall of nurses in these areas.1617 In Missouri, the Department of Mental Health reports that "35% of registered nurse positions are vacant, 57% of licensed practical nurses are vacant, [and] 32% of entry-level psychiatric tech positions are vacant" and are unable to be filled.17 Despite the overall elevated rates of violence in United States (U.S.),18 American healthcare workers experience comparable rates of violence as workers in other countries.19 Studies show that healthcare workers who were born and educated in another country, but currently practice in the U.S. are more susceptible to workplace violence.20 This is likely due to both xenophobic attitudes towards foreign physicians,21 as well as potential language barriers.20,21 ThelmpactofCOVID-19 In the context of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, violence against healthcare workers has worsened;the baseline environment is tenser, 'fuses' are substantially shorter, and it is far easier for violence to materialize. Data suggests that the benefits gained from de-escalation training extinguishes at about six months, underlining the need for continuous education.38 Studies of risk assessment in psychiatric wards found a significant reduction in patient aggression after implementing a risk assessment on violent patients.39,40 Several patient risk assessments tools exist, ranging in length from three to sixteen metrics.41


Dendrobium plants are one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Because of excessive exploitation and habitat degradation, Dendrobium species are endangered. Moreover, during no flowering stages, it is very difficult and even impossible to distinguish Dendrobium species based on morphological characteristics. Therefore, exploiting other DNA barcodes as complementary molecular marker for distinguishing Dendrobium spp. are necessary. Hence, developing an uncomplicated and exact method for authenticating Dendrobium spp. is imperative. In this study, nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 320 samples from 73 Dendrobium spp. were analyzed. The average intraand inter-specific genetic divergences were 0.007 and 0.220, respectively. The TaxonGap method indicated that between-species variation of about 80.9% of the species were higher than within-species variation. The neighbor-joining tree showed that 73 Dendrobium spp. were divided into four major clades. Phylogenetic relationships between Dendrobium spp. supported traditional morphological methods and previously published molecular data. This study indicated that ITS region was not only suitable for species identification, but also for phylogenetic analysis of Dendrobium. However, it was also found that ITS could not readily resolve all species determination problems in Dendrobium. © 2017 Friends Science Publishers


CHAPTER 1 provides literature based background information to emphasize the use of a sequential, multistep diagnostic schedule for couples in an assisted reproductive program as well as the clinical importance of sperm morphology as recorded by strict criteria during the diagnostic approach of the infertile couple. Furthermore, the chapter includes evidence underlining the growing need for the implementation of the physiologically induced acrosome reaction as an important contribution to the assisted reproductive program. The zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction (ZIAR), sperm-zona interaction as well as computer-assisted semen analyses were investigated. CHAPTER 2 provides detailed experimental protocols of the materials and methods used in the study. CHAPTERS 3-6 each represent a separate study that was prepared as a scientific paper and encompass the experimental research undertaken in the reproductive biology research laboratory at Tygerberg Hospital to address important aspects of human acrosome processes. In the first study, we aimed to evaluate the regulatory role of the Gi-like protein during the AR of normal sperm donors and the role of intact acrosomes during sperm-zona binding. It seems that pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi-like protein in human spermatozoa plays an important regulatory role in the ZIAR and this underlines the importance of intact acrosomes during sperm-zona binding. In the second study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the ZIAR and the percentage normal spermatozoa as well as the sperm-ZP binding potential among men referred for a routine semen analysis. ZIAR testing should become part of the second level of male fertility investigations, i.e., sperm functional testing, since 15% of the andrology referrals revealed an impaired AR response to solubilized ZP. In the third study, we aimed to evaluate the possible relationships between the sperm morphology, the acrosome responsiveness to solubulized human ZP and the sperm-zona binding potential among consecutive andrology referrals and randomly selected IVF cases. ZIAR results provide further information regarding dysfunctional sperm and can be used as an additional diagnostic test since the results predicted fertilization failure during IVF treatment. In the fourth study, we aimed to evaluate changes in the sperm motion characteristics and the occurrence of hyperactivated motility after exposure to ZP among andrology referrals. Solubilized human ZP induces hyperactivated motility among sperm populations that have been capacitated under laboratory conditions. Capacitated spermatozoa have an elevated percentage hyperactivated cells that correlate with the percentage normal spermatozoa in the ejaculate. CHAPTER 7, the general discussion, is brief and concise to avoid unnecessary repetition, underlines the validity of a sequential, multistep diagnostic approach and concludes with the recommendation that the ZIAR should form part of the diagnostic tools in the assisted reproductive program. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/


ABSTRACT:The article analyzes the abuse and misuse of the term "Israel lobby". Although there are a number of pro-Israel pacs, which may make the term redundant, while some urge the United States to be more assertive in influencing Israel to make substantial concessions to further the peace process, none question the extent of U.S. aid to Israel. No other ethnic American lobby has been so vilified as has the "Israel lobby", personified by AIPAC, the largest and most effective pac, castigated as the embodiment of a cabal that has distorted and hijacked U.S. Administrations' policies detrimental to American interests and to a peaceful resolution to the Israel/Arab/Palestinian conflict. Many of Israel's detractors take umbrage at the Israel Lobby's phenomenal success in securing U.S. support for Israel, which they also denigrate to delegitimize Israel's very existence.


Submitted dissertation outlines the subject of a complex inclusive issue for the needs of children at risk during the secondary education, and that is from the children's perspective as well as from all the key members of the educative system, who help create child's environment. This work is based on an informed inclusive intervention 3P (strengthening, support and leading) and continues with the psychological concepts of development: deficiency (D) needs and being (B) needs, self-efficacy, self-actualization and on the theory of non-violent communication and peak experiences. These humanistic theories of Maslow, Rosenberg and Rogers that have a long-term absence in educational environment especially concerning children at risk, together with the concept of complex collaboration create a saturating environment that incites risk reduction and increases resilience and resources for children at risk in school environment. The work points to the gap in Slovak school environment particularly the inability of identifying the resources and risks in children and comprehending the difference of child's, teacher's and other involved actors' interpretation of theirs' and others' needs and their mutual cooperation managed by a professional team. Research forming a sequential design, based on a quantitative analysis of standardized questionnaire Prevention of Behavior Disorders at School by Vojtova and Fucik (2012), whose results were compared with a standardized sample in Czech Republic. For the quantitative part there follows a whole range of qualitative techniques: focus groups and unstructured questionnaire of needs and risks in three examined classrooms of 5th graders in two primary schools in SR and semi-structured conversation with class teachers according to part of the questionaire. Validity and reliability of methodology was based on the triangulation of techniques and resources and on the peer debriefing with inclusive team. The results of the work highlights the absence of B-needs and B-values in school environment, bipolar relationship between the teacher and the pupil, some children at risk were detected, whom the school does not identify anymore. Similar to Czech Republic, researched students sense, they are not important and they feel the prioritization of other students. This, for them as well as for the teachers, becomes the risk of their own unfulfilled D-needs and an insufficient self-efficacy and support. Common peak experiences are missing in schools, adding to it the insufficient collaboration of all the individual school staff. Trying to highlight the need for an early identification and intervention in the grade school while not underestimating the external satisfaction of children is an important part of this thesis as well. These recommendations are leading to a complex joint and inclusive work of the external and internal areas of school and demands for an open communication, reflection and support - facilitative learning, supporting relationships, reflection in circle, team-work in class, expressive prevention programs, intergenerational activities, regular sessions and inclusive team in school.


In the present work, a simple-to-use correlation is developed to predict the solubility of CO2 in aqueous solutions of DEA and MDEA as a function of the reduced partial pressure and temperature. Using the interaction parameters generated, the model is applied to correlate the CO2 loading in different amine solutions. The results from the proposed correlation have been compared with the reported experimental data and it was found that there is a good agreement between the observed data and the model predictions over a wide range of operating conditions in aqueous solutions of both diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA).


In our prior research we investigated room-temperature radiation detectors (CZT, CMT, CdMgTe, CTS, among other compound semiconductors) for point defects related to different dopants and impurities. In this talk we will report on our most recent research on newly grown CZT crystals doped with In, In+Al, In+Ni, and In+Sn. The main focus will be on the study of dopant-induced point defects using deep-level current transient spectroscopy (i-DLTS). In addition the performance,  product, gamma-ray spectral response and internal electric field of the detectors were measured and correlated with the dopant-induced point defects and their concentrations. Characterization of the detectors was carried out using i-DLTS for the point defects, Pockels effect for the internal electric-field distribution, and -ray spectroscopy for the spectral properties.


The location-routing problem under emergency with simultaneous relief materials delivery and victim evacuation is studied and modeled. The number of victims is assumed ambiguous, risk preference of the decision maker is considered, and mixed transportation of relief and victims is allowed. A chance-constrained programming model is proposed based on the fuzzy credibility theory, and a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Keywords—location-routing problem; simultaneous relief delivery and victims evacuation; fuzzy credibility; genetic algorithm


The elemental abundances of United States Geological Survey (USGS) standard rocks RGM-1 and STM-1 and of two sediments from mangrove areas of Vuda and Naisivi in western VIti Levu, Fiji were studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis using reactor irradiation and high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The elemental abundances in these samples were determined using the USGS standard AGV-1 as the comparator. Concentrations of one major element (Fe), and of 17 trace elements (Sc, Cr, Co, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ar, Sb, Cs, Ba, Ce, Eu, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta and Th) were determined


Purpose – To investigate individual and contextual antecedents of learning, transfer of learning, training generalization and training maintenance in a work context.Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analysis on data obtained from 119 employees who attended training programs.Findings – The data supported the relationship between continuous‐learning culture and supervisor support and training motivation. Although training motivation was directly related only to training maintenance, it interacted with performance goal orientation in affecting training transfer and generalization.Practical implications – Practitioners interested in designing interventions directed at increasing similar training outcomes can use various approaches aimed at assessing and monitoring factors such as continuous‐learning culture, supervisor support and training motivation. More importantly, based on the current results, practitioners can manage selectively the performance goal o...


There is a large error in calculating foundation settlement of small size by using the layerwise summation method based on consolidation tests,while the calculation of foundation settlement based on the plate load tests can not reflect the deformation characteristics of the foundations of large size.Considering the theoretical and experimental basis in calculating the foundations settlement under large-area loads by means of the layerwise summation method based on the e–p compression curve,which can be deemed as the upper limit of the practical foundation settlement with the same base pressure,while p–s settlement curve can reflect the deformation characteristics of the foundations of small size,which can be deemed as the lower limit of the practical foundation settlement with the same base pressure.Based on the above theory,an interpolation algorithm for the foundation settlement is proposed,and the issues of determining the modulus of compressibility are transformed into those of finding the interpolation functions.This algorithm can reduce the absolute error produced by the traditional algorithm to the relative error within a certain range so as to improve the calculation accuracy of foundation settlement.Furthermore,a method to predict the foundation settlement is suggested by adopting two load test results under different load plate sizes,whose rationality is verified through four-group plate load tests on the same foundation.And the interpolation function of a circle foundation is derived and analyzed to show the process of foundation settlement calculation through the interpolation method.The analysis results show that the foundation settlement curves gradually change from concave to convex when increasing the size of foundations.The proposed method combines the results of the consolidation tests and plate load tests,which can reflect the settlement characteristics of the foundations of different sizes.It is suitable for promotion in engineering practices with its clear theoretical and experimental basis and simple and convenient calculation process.


Chia seed, which has been popular in recent years, is a food rich in functional food ingredients such as dietary fiber, n-3 fatty acids, protein and antioxidants, of which health benefits are proven by scientific studies. 100 g of Chia is composed of 16 - 20 g protein, 30 – 38 g fat, 18 - 20 g n-3 fatty acids and 34 - 40 g total dietary fiber. In recent years, healthy food consumption trends are focused on the foods enriched with dietary fiber, n-3 fatty acids and antioxidants. Chia seed is defined as "superfood"; because it contains functional food ingredients which can be effective on preventing the illnesses, which are commonly seen in recent years, such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Besides the effects on health and nutrition, Chia seed has the properties of forming a mucilage around its coat when in contact with water and stabilizing oil in water emulsions. Due to these properties it can be evaluated as a raw material having a high potential to be used in different purposes in the food industry. In this review, the studies about the health and nutrition effects of Chia seed, its functional ingredients and the usage areas in national and international food industries are summarized.


Small-footprint 128-Gb/s dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying silicon optical modulator, which is suitable for high capacity metro optical-fiber transport networks, is assembled with four channel driver amplifiers in a ceramic-based metal package. A newly employed optical mode-field convertor expands mode-field diameter nearly to that of a single-mode optical fiber, to couple with the fibers in low and polarization insensitive coupling loss. Error-free transmissions for 128 Gb/s are confirmed over 1000 km in circulations loop experiments.


A follow-up college English teaching is a vital integral part of college English teaching system,being the bridge from learning to application ,making the elementary college English learning more perfect,it also ensures the implementation of continuous four-year college English learning required by syllabus. Based on an practical and realistic attitude,the needs of students and society,the author makes great effort to seek ways of a follow-up college English teaching system suiting to Huaihua University and puts forward a many-leveled follow-up university English teaching system to meet the needs of students in all levels in Huaihua College for the purpose of improvement of English during the four-year college life.


Background. This study examined health-related quality of life and associated factors among HIV positive women receiving antiretroviral therapy in health facilities of Jimma town. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and consecutive sampling technique was employed to select 377 HIV positive women who were on antiretroviral therapy. Quality of life was measured using WHOQOL-BREF tool. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. P values < 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with 95% of confidence interval were used to determine statistical significance and report associations between the quality of life and independent variables. Results. Among the sampled participants, 344 were interviewed, yielding 91% of response rate. The mean ± standard deviation age of the respondents was 34.07 ± 8.76 years and 80.5% of them were urban dwellers. The proportion of women reporting good health-related quality of life was found to be 46.5%. Specific to each domain, the mean ± standard deviation of level of independence domain was the highest (14.08 ± 3.07) followed by physical (13.46 ± 2.95), social relationships (13.27 ± 3.91), psychological (12.97 ± 2.47), environmental (12.94 ± 3.25), and spiritual (12.39 ± 2.84) domains. Good social support (AOR: 4.99; 95% CI: [2.88, 8.34]), higher wealth status (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI: [1.02, 3.39]), and being on antiretroviral therapy for shorter duration (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI [1.14, 3.03]) were independently associated with better overall health-related quality of life among the participants. Conclusions. The study demonstrated high proportion of HIV positive women on ART had poor health-related quality of life which was affected by wealth index, social support, and duration on antiretroviral therapy.


The importance of translation services has become increasingly prominent with the acceleration of economic globalization. Compared with human translation, machine translation is cheaper and faster, and therefore more suitable for the current era. The current mainstream machine translation method is neural machine translation, which employs machine methods to train on parallel corpora and create translation models. Research into neural machine translation has yielded a wealth of information. Learning and generalization abilities of neural networks have substantially enhanced the effectiveness of neural machine translation. This work applies machine learning and wireless network technology to build an online translation system for real-time translation. First, this work proposes a multigranularity feature fusion method based on a directed acyclic graph, which uses a directed acyclic graph to fuse different granularities as input and obtain a position representation. Secondly, this paper improves the Transformer model and proposes multigranularity position encoding and multigranularity self-attention. Then, on the basis of multigranularity features as input, this work introduces dynamic word vectors to improve the word embedding module, and uses the ELMo model to obtain dynamic word vector embeddings. Finally, this work builds a multigranularity feature-dynamic word vector machine translation model with above strategy, deploys it on server. Users can upload the content to be translated and download the translated content through the wireless network and realize an online translation system based on machine learning and wireless network.


Objectives To establish a new model of combined liver and small intestinal transplantation in rat and to probe into the action that grafted liver protect the grafted small intestine. Methods Homoplastic transplantation of combined liver and small intestine in Wistar rats was performed. The donor operation: The portal vein and superior mesenteric artery were flushed with 4℃ cold Ringer's solution. The small intestinal lumen was flushed with 4℃ cold neumycin solution. The donor small intestine and liver were taken out respectively. The recipient operation: The orthotopic liver transplantation was grafted at first. Then the small intestinal transplantation was carried out. The suprahepatic SVC was anastomosed end to end to the recipient. The donor portal vein and the inferior hepatic IVC were anastomosed by the means of the cuff method. The donor superior mesenteric artery was anastomosed end to end to the recipient left renal artery under a microscope. The donor superior mesenteric vein was anastomosed to the recipient left renal vein by means of the cuff method. The lower ileum was exteriorized as stoma in left lower abdomen. Results The successful rate of operation was 62.5 *!%. The survival time of the grafted rats was 11.2 days. The rejection immediately occurred after operation. The grafted small intestine showed bleeding and necrosis. The grafted liver also showed rejection. Conclusion It was feasible to establish a model of simultaneous liver and small intestine transplantation by means of cuff fashion.


Pacificus* ON July 21, 1954, the Government of Canada was invited by the Geneva Conference on Indochina to designate representatives to serve with those of India and Poland as members of three Commissions to supervise the implementation of the armistice agreements that had been concluded for Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The Canadian Government accepted this unexpected invitation on July 27. Early in August a meeting of Canadian, Indian and Polish representatives in New Delhi led to the formal establishment of the Commissions in Hanoi, Vientiane and Phnom Penh respectively on August 11. The Canadian Government did not accept its new responsibilities lightly. It was emphasized in public statements that membership on the three Commissions did not mean that Canada had been called upon to "guarantee or enforce" the cease-fire in Indochina nor did it involve any "military or collective security commitments" not previously undertaken by Canada as a member of the United Nations. The Government was under no illusions about the "magnitude and complexity of the task" but it was asserted,


The overpotential and product selectivity characteristics of the high temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell NH/sub 3/, CH/sub 4/, HCN, CO, N/sub 2/, Pt (Rh) vertical bar ZrO/sub 2/ (8% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/) vertical bar Pt, air was studied at temperatures 800-1000/sup 0/C and atmospheric total pressure. It was found that CO was the only oxygen containing product. The cell selectivity to HCN could exceed 75% with simultaneous generation of -- .01 w/cm/sup 2/ of electrical power. Electrochemical supply of oxygen to the fuel side has a positive effect on the cell selectivity to HCN. The cell is a promising candidate for the cogeneration of electric energy and hydrogen cyanide.


This publication investigates the potential of the MicroCarb satellite mission planned to be launched in the 2023/2024 timeframe to estimate urban CO 2 emissions. The potential is analyzed for Paris and London using synthetic model experiments for a total of 15 days distributed over three representative months of the year with varying illumination conditions, biospheric activity, and cloud cover. The MicroCarb mission will have three different observation configurations including a "city-mode", which allows observing a target with a two times higher spatial resolution (2.25 km x 2.25) and a two or three times wider swath than in the nominal nadir mode by performing two or three pitch maneuvers when flying over the target. The study is important as it provides a scientific basis for the decision on whether a two-sweep or three-sweep mode should be implemented.


The purpose of this paper is to solve the two conjectures on the largest minimum distance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d_{so}(n,5)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of a binary self-orthogonal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[n, 5]$ </tex-math></inline-formula> code proposed by Kim and Choi (2022). The determination of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d_{so}(n,k)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has been a fundamental and difficult problem in coding theory because there are too many binary self-orthogonal codes as the dimension <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases. Recently, Kim et al. (2021) considered the shortest self-orthogonal embedding of a binary linear code, and many binary optimal self-orthogonal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[n,k]$ </tex-math></inline-formula> codes were constructed for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=4,5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Kim and Choi (2022) improved some results of Kim et al. (2021) and made two conjectures on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d_{so}(n,5)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In this paper, we develop a general method to determine the exact value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d_{so}(n,k)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=5,6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and show that the two conjectures made by Kim and Choi (2022) are true.


Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Kyungnam 660-762, Korea; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk 561-712, Korea; Department of Radiology and Institute for Radiological Imaging Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Chonbuk 570-711, Korea; Molecular & Cellular Imaging Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135710, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, Daegu 700-712, Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110744, Korea; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea


The scale of distribution network is expanding, the construction of distribution automation and ubiquitous power Internet of Things is advancing, and the multi-level and multisource real-time operation monitoring data of distribution network is growing exponentially. On the one hand, big data provides data support for distribution network reliability evaluation and dispatching planning, in different aspects, this also raises other requirements for the calculation accuracy and speed of reliability evaluation. How to mine the factors that have a great impact on reliability and make better use of electric data analysis algorithm to predict the changes of distribution network reliability in the future time scale is the focus of research. This article mainly taking technical breakthrough in electric distribution network data analysis, and studies its reliability evaluation methods of electric data analysis from both recent and forward aspects. First of all, the source of distribution network big data is analyzed from the internal and external aspects of the power system, and the data, data formats and relationships among the data source systems are analyzed. The characteristics of distribution network big data, such as wide source, diverse structure, fine granularity and complex relationships, are obtained in many ways. In view of the characteristics of multi-source and heterogeneous distribution network data, this paper puts forward a data processing algorithm based on multi-source data and a truth value discovery algorithm based on block coordinate descent method, which find out a new approach to overcome the difficulty of inconsistency and conflict of multi-source monitoring data.


The pulp and paper industry produces large quantities of paper waste sludge (PWS), typically 100 to 500 kg PWS per ton of paper, usually disposed of by landfill. This material has a high organic content and can thus be used as a feedstock for fermentation and pyrolysis or a combination of the two processes. Low and high ash PWSs (8.5 and 46.7 wt%) were subjected to fast pyrolysis conversion to maximise the bio-oil yield by optimising the reactor temperature and pellet size. Maximum bio-oil yields of 44.5 ± 1.7 daf, wt% at 400 C, and 59.9 ± 4.1 daf, wt% at 340 C, for an intermediate pellet size of 4.84 ± 0.15 mm, were attained from the conversion of the low and high PWS, respectively. A thermogravimetric study found that the observed increase in non-condensable gas yield, which corresponded to a decrease in the bio-oil yield, was due to the promotion of exothermic reactions for high heating rates using smaller pellet sizes. PWSs with low and medium ash content were utilized for the production of ethanol via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The two samples were screened for fermentation efficiency with different enzyme cocktails and yeast strains and found to vary significantly between different enzymes, but not between different yeast strains. The two samples were further investigated in a fed-batch culture, which indicated that medium ash PWS was a better feedstock for bioethanol production compared to low ash PWS. It is expected that the fermentation residue will be suitable for pyrolysis.


Throughout the electoral fracas over boat arrivals and the PNG solution, Tony Abbott has been keen to isolate Australia's border control challenges from any international context: in his terms they are 'Australia's problem'. Of course this is language designed to reinforce a sense of crisis and threat, popular intuitions that he plays upon without remorse.


"Civil Engineering in the Oceans VI" is a collection of 42 technical papers presented at the specialty conference held in Baltimore, Maryland on October 20-22, 2004. With the theme 'Meeting the New Challenges of the 21st Century', this proceedings is designed to be a comprehensive handbook of state-of-the-art coastal and offshore engineering in the fields of waves and wave forces, harbor and marine transportation systems, and education. Initiated in 1967, this international conference is the sixth in a series sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and its Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute (COPRI). This proceedings will benefit engineers, scientists, managers, educators, and all others who share an interest in civil engineering in the oceans research. Topics discussed include: Waves and Wave Forces; Hydrodynamics; Ocean Engineering; Coastal Engineering; Offshore Engineering; Coastal Structures; Marine Geotechnical Engineering; Risk and Reliability; Harbors and Marine Transportation Systems; and Economic and Education Issues.


To the Editor: Findlay et al. (1) reported a high prevalence (>25%) of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in Switzerland during 2019–2020. To provide context, we analyzed recent trends for NDMproducers in Germany. In a whole-genome-sequencing–based surveillance study conducted in 52 hospitals in Hesse, Germany, during 2017–2019, we detected 56 NDM-producing isolates among 346 CPE. The prevalence of NDM CPE increased from 6.3% (5/79) in 2017 to 15.0% (17/113) in 2018 and 22.1% (34/154) in 2019. A total of 56 alleles—28 NDM-1, 27 NDM-5, and 1 NDM-7—were detected in 31 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 18 Escherichia coli, and 3 Citrobacter freundii isolates and 1 isolate each of C. portucalensis, Enterobacter hormaechei, K. grimontii, and K. variicola. Isolates were derived from rectal swab (30), urine (11), respiratory tract (6), and other (9) specimens. More than 82% (23/28) of NDM-1 were associated with K. pneumoniae and 59% (16/27) of NDM-5 with E. coli; 41% of the NDM-CPE harbored a 16S-rRNA-methylase gene. Among carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, NDM increased from 6.4% (3/47) in 2017 to 24.5% (13/53) in 2018 and 31.9% (15/47) in 2019; ≈50% (15/31) were sequence type 147. Thus, reports for Switzerland (1) and Italy (2) indicate that sequence type 147 NDM-carrying K. pneumoniae is a CPE clone rapidly emerging in Europe. NDM accounted for 20% (2/10) of carbapenemase-producing E. coli in 2017, 11.1% (2/18) in 2018, and 24.1% (14/58) in 2019; the increase in NDM5–producing E. coli was primarily associated with IncF-type plasmids (3). A subgroup harboring penicillin binding protein 3 modifications exhibited increased aztreonam/avibactam MICs of 2–8 μg/mL. Higher MICs (4–16 μg/mL) were associated with the presence of an additional highly conserved blaCMY-42– encoding IncIγ plasmid (4). We reiterate the call by Findlay et al. to implement genome-based surveillance studies to identify emerging clonal lineages and commonly occurring plasmids among carbapenemase-producing bacteria.