The acoustic classification of housing units is the end point of an articulated and complex process, which necessarily requires sharing experience and expertise both during design and realization. In recent years, many European countries and in particularly Italy, have seen a significant increase in the construction of residential buildings. Many buildings were built very quickly, often at the expense of quality, although maintaining their market value. As a consequence, failure to achieve the noise requirements is often the subject of lawsuits. The aim of the Italian voluntary Standard regarding the acoustic classification of dwellings is to provide a key to understanding the building quality in a easy and immediate way for the users and, at the same time, to develop a system that encourages continuous improvement of building's production. In this work an overview of field measurements and classifications of new and refurbished buildings is reported. This was performed independently by different researchers in Italian Universities and Research Institutes. The


Compared with small ships,serious accidents in large dry cargo ships are more prominent,which not only cause injury,but also block waterway because of the difficulty in the salvage of the sinking ship.Main problems for the large ships are analyzed in this paper.Some issues on the design and construction of ships including effective prevention measures and suggestions are put forward,to eliminate potential safety problems and reduce serious accidents.


In this review we will present the main ideas of the spin foam approach. This line of research in quantum gravity has attracted a great deal of attention and been explored by many physicists and mathematicians. However, we would first point out there are three main lines of research in quantum gravity denoted as "canonical", "covariant" and "sum over histories" [20]. The canonical line of research is a theory in which the Hilbert space carries a representation of the quantum operators corresponding to the full metric without background metric being fixed. It can be considered as a quantum field theory on a differentiable manifold. The basis of the Hilbert space are cylindrical functions defined on a graph (Wilson loops) depending on Ashtehar variables [21]. Very important results of this approach were the discrete eigenvalues for the area and volume operators. The covariant line of research is the attempt to build the theory as a quantum field theory of the fluctuations of the metric over a flat Minkowski space, or some other background metric space. The theory has been proved to be renormalizable and finite order by order [1]. The sum over histories line of research uses the Feymann path integral to quantize the Einstein Hilbert action. A duality exists between this model and group field theories. The sum over spin foam can be generated as the Feymann perturbative expansion of the group field theories. Each space-time appears as the Feymann


Objective: To measure the three dimensional structure,course and the adjacency of mental canal for the safety of dental implantation.Methods: CBCT images of 160 mandibles in 80 patients were retrospective studied and measured.Datas(panorama,sagittal,coronal,horizontal and 3D view) were obtained and analyzed.Results: Panoramic and sagittal view could show the overall image of mandible canal.Horizontal view indicated that the mandibular canal was close to the lingual side of mandible body and was divided into mental canal and incisor nerve canal finally.The angle between incisor nerve canal and mandibular canal was 23°±5°.The angle between incisor nerve canal and mental canal was 101.76°±18.27°.By measuring the coronal view,the length of mental canal was 8.09±1.06mm,the diameter was 1.68±0.52mm,and the angle between mental canal and inferior border of mandible was 36.48°±8.43°,and the distance between the top of the mandible and the superior border of the beginning of mental canal was 16.10±4.29mm.The 3D view showed the location of mental foramen.Conclusions: CBCT could clearly show the three dimensional structure,course and the adjacency of mental canal.Therefore,it could provide guidance to dental implantation clinically.


Point cloud preprocessing is still a challenging task in the marine environment, for it is difficult to filter out non-obstacle points while avoiding damage to the obstacle completeness. In this paper, we propose a novel data preprocessing method on 3D LiDAR data for the unmanned surface vehicle in the marine environment. It consists of two tasks: outlier removal and wake filtering. As the spatial resolution of LiDAR changes with distance, we exploit distance normalization on statistical outlier filter for robust outlier removal. Considering the gradient difference between wave wake and obstacle surface near the water, we define and calculate the vertical state of point cloud on the range image to obtain the pre-filtering point set, and then use the RANSAC method to filter out the wake points. Experiments on real data has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm both in terms of feasibility and accuracy.


The inspection of the solar panels on a periodic basis is important to improve longevity and ensure performance of the solar system. To get the most solar potential of the photovoltaic (PV) system is possible through an intelligent monitoring controlling system. The monitoring controlling system has rapidly increased its popularity because of its user friendly graphical interface for data acquisition, monitoring, controlling and measurements. In order to monitor the performance of the system especially for renewable energy source application such as solar photovoltaic (PV), data-acquisition systems had been used to collect all the data regarding the installed system. In this paper we have given a review on solar plant monitoring system in that we have covered architecture of solar plant, Issues at solar plants, Techniques that are used for monitoring solar plants.


Aim of this study, review the current evidence on cataract surgery in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DRP) and effect of adjunctive treatment modalities. A standardized PubMed search was performed and the articles with the highest level of evidence on each clinical scenario or treatment modality were selected for the purpose of this review. The progression of diabetic retinopathy or the risk of developing of macular edema was not reported to increase after phacoemulsifi cation cataract surgery. In patients with preexisting diabetic macular edema, cataract surgery was shown to increase macular edema. Adjunctive treatment with intraoperative intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF agents (bevacizumab, ranibizumab) or steroids (triamcinolone, dexamethasone implant) was shown to prevent worsening of diabetic macular edema. Current evidence indicated that an adjunctive treatment is only needed in cases with preexisting diabetic macular edema when performing cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy patients. While only intravitreal treatment modalities showed improvement in macular edema in such cases, there is no study available comparing the effi cacy or safety of the above-mentioned treatment options when administered simultaneously with cataract surgery.


A generalscalar-tensortheory ofgravity carriesaconserved currentfora tracefreem inim ally coupled scalar eld,underthecondition thatthepotentialV ( )ofthenonm inim ally coupled scalar eld isproportionaltothe square ofthe param eter f( ) thatiscoupled with the scalarcurvature R . The conserved currentrelatesthe pairofarbitrary coupling param eters f( ) and !( ),where thelatteristheBrans-D ickecoupling param eter. Thus xing up the two arbitrary param etersby hand,itispossible to explore the sym m etriesand the form of conserved currentscorresponding to standard and m any di erentnonstandard m odelsofgravity.


This note shows that the argument of A aljanin(2017) [A aljanin, 2017. "Signaling through public antitrust enforcement†, Economics Letters 169, 4 – 6] that public antitrust enforcement complements private investment is robust to allowing public investment in anti-trust enforcement to be productive. However, unlike as in the case of unproductive public investment, over investment in public antitrust enforcement does not necessarily signal that the government is pro-competition: in pooling equilibria either only the anti-competition government or both types of government over invests, whereas in the separating equilibrium only the pro-competition government over invests.


Selling in the current business environment requires dedication from various members of the organization. It is important for managers and researchers to identify key factors contributing to salesperson commitment within the organization and to the organization in order to achieve sales objectives. The purpose of this study is to identify the relative importance of variables influencing salesperson affective commitment to their sales manager and the commitment to the organization. Using social exchange theory and resource exchange theory, salesperson interaction with their manager is expected to be exchanged for commitment to that manager. On an organizational level, salesperson satisfaction with the organization is expected to be exchanged for commitment to the organization. Dominance is calculated for each of the independent variables examining affective commitment to the manager (trust, integrity, consideration) and organizational commitment (job satisfaction, promotion opportunity, needs fulfillment). Dominance analysis results show relative importance for perceived trustworthiness of the manager on salesperson commitment to the manager and promotion opportunity on salesperson commitment to the organization.


1) Induced polyploidy in Sesamum indicum L. by the colchicine method is described; two different methods, namely the immersion and dropping, were used, the latter proving more effective than the former.2) As the characteristics of autopolyploidy, the tetraploid plants were extremely robust, with much thicker stems, larger leaves, stomata, flowers, and seeds than the diploids.3) The fertilities of pollen grains and seeds per capsule from the tetraploids were comparatively high with averages of 74.10% and 77.74% respectively. But the yield of seeds per plant of the tetraploids was unfavorable.4) Details of meiosis in diploid and tetraploid S. indicum, especially on secondary pairing, have been recorded.On the nature of secondary polyploidy in S. indicum was discussed.


Objective To evaluated early-and long-term diastolic cardiac modification by an echo Doppler method during Dilatrend therapy in patients with advanced congestive heart failure(CHF).Method 68 patients with severe but stable CHF having systolic and diastolic dysfunction caused by idiopathic or ischemic cardiomyopathy were studied.30 patients received routine treatment plus Dilatrend(group 1) and the others continued routine therapy(group 2).We evaluated LV volumes,LV mass,LV ejection fraction(EF),and the following transmitral filling parameters: early wave(E),atrial wave(A),E/A ratio,deceleration time(DT),and isovolumetric releasing time(IVRT) in all subjects.Results After 4 months of therapy,group 1 showed a significant increase of A wave,DT,IVRT,and a significant reduction of E/A ratio with respect to group 2.Further improvement was observed at 12 month.Conclusion Dilatrend can improve dilastolic function in CHF patients with severe diastolic and systolic impairment at early-and long-term.


In article the social structure of civil society of Canada founded on ethnically diverse groups of the population is considered. The term, multiculturalism is described, defining it, as the principle and practice of the cultural diversity encouraged by the state on the basis of democratic and constitutional standards. Especially sharply in recent years there was a question of the extending Muslim community of Canada. The Canadian cultural diversity really represents courageous, though not without known risks social experiment. According to the UN Canada is the safe country where civil society is protected from domination of separate ethnoses by flexible system of the federal device and compromise policy of the provincial authorities which recognize a priority of the federal legislation.


A functional P[\ensuremath{\gamma}] is defined on the space of histories for a quantum particle, and its meaning as a quasiprobability is discussed. The method of obtaining the Wigner and the Margenau-Hill phase-space distributions is shown as particular path integrals over P[\ensuremath{\gamma}].


Using the panel data of 74 major Chinese cities in 2006,the paper estimates the carbon emissions of one typical household in each of the 74 cities and then ranks them.The empirical results demonstrate that the "greenest" cities are Huaian and Suqian while the"dirtiest" cities are Daqing and Mudanjiang with the standard household's carbon emission as the only indicator.Even in the dirtiest city(Daqing),a standardized household emits only one-fifth of carbon as compared with that in America's greenest city(San Diego).The population,population growth,income,temperature and the pattern of urbanization have something to do with carbon emission,and the average temperature in January is obviously correlated negatively with a city's household carbon emission.


Towards the end of fragment 1 of his Poem, Parmenides puts forward two methods or paths that a priori explain the same object of study: the existence of the fact or state of being. One of the options leads to the core of the truth and is, therefore, pursued. The other is merely a set of contradictory opinions and is, accordingly, abandoned. These two paths are expounded in the rest of the Poem, while fragment 4 shows that even the erroneous conception, which had to be set aside, can still be fruitful. Once the firm foundation of truth has been established, fragments 10 and 11 propose to widen the inquiry to the whole of reality. This interpretation suggests a rejection of the arrangement of the Poem that has become canonical, and a criticism of the doxographic tradition that since Aristotle has "Platonised" the philosophy of Parmenides by assimilating the "opinions" (which are only points of view) to the "appearances" (in the Platonic sense of the term).


On the base of anatomical preparation we created a 3-d computer model of the pelvis. The model was made with the help of 3-d graphic package PowerSHAPE (Delcam, Great Britain), especially for surgeons in accordance with their needs and requests. In this model we reproduced organs, ligaments and bones of the pelvis, blood vessels and lymphatic nodes. Urgent operations on uterus result from the different complications. Very dangerous complication is the false cutting of the ureter and further urinary peritonitis or hydronephrosis after ligation of a urinary tract. Another problem in the pelvic surgery is the complications connected with the ligaments between the uterus and the rectum. The model allowed to perform operations more correctly after computer training, allowed to insert the individual features of the process. In the model we can see almost twenty anatomical structures of the pelvis and we know that each anatomical element may lead to complications, for example, severe bleeding. All anatomical elements of the pelvis play the important role in the reproductive function and for the woman's health in general. Key words: surgical operations, complications, pelvis.


The utility model discloses a waterproof key structure of vending machine. The utility model comprises a key shell, a key button, a rubber sleeve gasket, a circuit board and a key base. The circuit board is fixed on the head face of the key base and then the rubber sleeve gasket is covered on the circuit board. The circuit board is positioned in the rubber sleeve gasket. The relative head face of the hand-touch head face of the key button is laid in a keycap of the corresponding rubber sleeve gasket, and then the key shell is connected with the key base. The hand-touch head face of the key button extends from a corresponding mouth of the key shell. The periphery of the rubber sleeve gasket is in a glued joint with the relative position of the head face of the key base hermetically. The utility model has good effect in waterproof and dampproof.


The mechanisms by which TRH and membrane depolarization (40 mM K+) induce TSH release were explored by studying the effects of several calcium antagonists on TSH release and 45Ca2+ uptake by normal rat pituitaries. Trifluoperazine, a phenothiazine known to bind to calmodulin and block its action, inhibited TRH- and potassium-induced secretion. It also inhibited potassium-induced 45Ca2+ uptake, indicating that this agent can affect calcium movement in tissues as well as calcium action. The concentration of trifluoperazine required for half maximal inhibition of TRH- and K+-induced TSH release was 25–35 μM. In contrast, trifluoperazine potentiated 8-BrcAMP-induced TSH release, suggesting differences in the mechanisms of TRH and cAMP actions. D600 (α-isopropyl-α-[(N-methyl-N-homoveratryl)-γ-aminopropyl]-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetonitrile hydrochloride) and phenytoin inhibited both TRH- and potassium-induced TSH release as well as potassium-induced 45Ca2+ uptake. D600 (1–100 μM) was slightly more effective in...


The invention relates to a method for braking a combination of several mutually coupled vehicles, the vehicles are each electronically controlled brakes, in particular electro-pneumatic brakes, a stability system for detecting a danger of overturning, in each case at least one electronic switching unit ECU and a data interface for receiving and sending data , and wherein in the case of detection of a danger of overturning of one of the vehicles automatically brakes the latter, in particular outer-curve wheels are braked. According to the invention it is provided that for a vehicle a signal is sent via the data interface in the recognition of the danger of overturning, seen from the that the stability system of the risk of tipping the vehicle is active, and that then the leading vehicle is automatically braked.


We consider gauge models in the causal approach and study the third order of the perturbation theory. We are interested in the computation of the anomalies in this order of the perturbation theory and for this purpose we analyse in detail the causal splitting of the distributions with causal support relevant to tree and loop anomalies.


Significant decreases in bronchial sensitivity to cat dander in patients who experience asthmatic symptoms on exposure to cats are achieved by subjecting the patient to immunotherapy employing various dilutions of a cat dander extract containing at least 10% (based on total solids content) cat allergen 1 and, when undiluted, at least 300 micrograms/ml cat allergen 1. Cat allergen 1 is an antigen having a molecular weight between 30,000 and 60,000 daltons. It is identifiable by its ability to form a precipitin line with allergen 1 antiserum. A double blind, rigorously controlled study of the immunotherapy process has demonstrated that significant reductions in bronchial sensitivity may be routinely obtained in asthmatics of this class.


One of the most problematic aspects of sentencing is the construction of a methodology through which the sentencer arrives at the final sentence. In the recent decision of R v Young Dickensen and West, the Victorian Court of Criminal Appeal rejected a structured two-stage method to sentencing, preferring instead the traditional "instinctive synthesis" approach. Contemporaneously, the Victorian Government is developing legislation to provide a more rigorous sentencing methodology to guide the courts. This article explores a number of tensions arising from competing models of sentencing decision-making and the political processes within which resolutions must be found.


Although the penal system is not known for fostering a psychoanalytic approach to the prison and its inmates, more and more analysts are involving themselves in evaluating and advising in forensic matters and other areas where the mental health of individuals is severely stressed. Judging by the paucity of analysts involved in these legal and penal areas, many may deem themselves either unsuited or uninterested in leaving the confines of their consulting room. However, psychoanalysts may be quite ignorant of the opportunities and challenges of forensic and penal consultation. In the following article, one budding analyst comes to the field in the most common and natural way, that is, following in the footsteps of his father. Howard Osofsky has developed a long-standing and mutually respectful relationship with the warden and staff of the Angola Louisiana State Penitentiary, often called "The Farm" by the inmates. "The Farm" also served as the nickname of Stanford University, where Michael Osofsky was a student. With both police departments and prisons, there is a huge power differential between those in authority and those who come under the authority of police and prison guards. This power differential is a necessary prerequisite for abuse of inmates. Prevention of abuse resides not so much with the "kindness" of staff as with their discipline and training, and the attitude and atmosphere created by their administrative superiors, namely the warden and his/her assistants. Although prison guards, in general, can be said to be working in an "extreme" environment, "extreme" is even greater with guards assigned to death row and designated to participate in the execution of an inmate. Osofsky and Osofsky have found that, despite the stress, or as a way to deal with the stress, the guards have developed a high degree of professionalism and humaneness, a finding counter to the expectations of many and contrary to earlier research in this area. In this article, we are given a vignette of an adoring intelligent son researching what his father's profession is all about. As he learns, he becomes not only impressed but more knowledgeable and mature. To be given a small window into this process is an added dimension to this article.


BACKGROUND
The objectives were to estimate a 2-week prevalence for common childhood illnesses targeted by the National Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) Initiative and to determine care-seeking behaviour of mothers/caregivers for these illnesses.

METHODS
A cross-sectional community survey was conducted in the Lagos Island Local Government Area of Lagos State. Eligible children aged 0-5 years and their mothers/caregivers were recruited into the study by cluster-sampling technique.

RESULTS
Four hundred and ninety-five children of 450 mothers were identified. Of these, 426 (86.1%) children belonging to 390 mothers/caregivers had symptoms suggestive of malaria, acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea and measles. Care was sought Outside the home at the onset of symptoms for 280 (65.7%) while 146 (34.3%) were treated at home. Of the 280 who were taken for care outside, 23 (8.2%) were taken for care at the onset of illness while the others were taken for care after an attempt at self-treatment (68.6%), use of traditional medicines (12.5%) and provision of traditional home care (10.7%). Only 65 (23.2%) of the children were taken for care within 24 hours of perceived onset of the illness.

CONCLUSION
IMCI targeted childhood illnesses were prevalent and poor maternal response that could contribute to complicated outcome was identified.


The undermining of the therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotics by their widespread use is causing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, which is a major threat for both animal and human health. Since most veterinary antibiotics employed in livestock production are excreted essentially unaltered, they have been identified as major contributors of environmental contamination. However, the efforts of monitoring antimicrobial effects are focused on humans and livestock, neglecting the environment. The European Union institutions recognized this gap in the appreciation of the issue, and adopted an approach that includes to prioritize environmental tracking and to build the tools to make it economically accessible. This abstract has three main targets. Firstly, to fill the gap applying the IT methodological approach (the soil vulnerability map to antibiotic contamination) developed by De La Torre et al. (2012). Secondly, to identify the main livestock species and scenarios (agriculture and pasture) to be prioritized in surveillance efforts. Finally, to implement the code of agriculture practices and the stocking rates of grazing animals based on high vulnerability areas for antibiotic contamination. To facilitate the implementation of this risk evaluation procedure, we developed an interactive tool that allows to obtain downloadable maps of soil vulnerability to contamination for several land use (agriculture and pasture) and livestock (cattle, pig and chicken) scenarios for any veterinary antibiotics. Additionally, the tool allows to obtain a plot of the mean vulnerability ‡ ‡ © Rodríguez A, de la Torre A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. of each considered administrative unit. We implemented the European Union countries as an example, but the tool could be applied to individual countries or even regional or subnational scales.


A study published online by the Journal of Advanced Nursing found that 87% of women seeking infertility treatment could not correctly identify which days of their menstrual cycle they were fertile, even though 68% said they had accurately timed intercourse in order to conceive.


This paper presents an heuristic method to perform the high-level synthesis of multiple-precision specifications. The scheduling is based on the balance of the number of bits calculated per cycle, and the allocation on the bit-level reuse of the hardware resources. The implementations obtained are multiple-precision datapaths independent of the number and widths of the specification operations. As a result impressive area savings are achieved in comparison with conventional algorithms implementations.


This paper discusses how to increase the efficiency of a plant by implementing a trigeneration solution. There have been analyzed two refrigeration technologies: compression and absorption. Since the purpose of the district heating plant is to use the heat engines to produce as much electricity as possible, which will further be sold, and to utilize the available thermal energy, the implementation of an absorption trigeneration solution has been proven to be viable. The analysis of the load duration curves showed a thermal potential of approximately 2.9 MW that could be used in an absorption installation for the production of cold. The resulting amount of cold is about 1.7 MW and will be used in a vegetable and fruit storehouse near the plant to keep the temperature in the range of 4–6 ° C.


Along with the rapid development of Chinese shrimp farming,the trade of shrimp products is on the upward trend.The favorable balance for shrimp trade in China was great,and this trade surplus enlarged gradually in recent years.Analysis on trade structure of shrimp products indicated that the export commodity had realized the change from initial processing product to intensive processing product.The export area assumed an obvious coastal distribution,the export market highly concentrated in traditional markets including Japan,US,EU,South Korea and Hong Kong.Empirical analysis showed that Chinese shrimp products export had the medium competitiveness,but the Chinese RCA and CA index were dramatically behind of other shrimp export countries.


This paper mainly takes Ningbo-Zhoushan port as the research object, which plays a significant role in promoting the development of Zhejiang province and its surrounding economy. This article mainly is the comprehensive analysis of the relationship between port logistics and regional economic development, using the method of grey correlation analysis, to find the actual data, and analyze the relationship between port logistics and regional economic development. It also provides some references and strategies for the development of Ningbo port logistics and regional economy.


We consider the initial value problem for the focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation with "step-like" initial data: q(x, 0) = 0 for x ≤ 0 and q(x, 0) = Aexp(−2iBx) for x > 0, where A > 0 and B ∈ ℝ are constants. The paper aims at studying the long-time asymptotics of the solution to this problem. We show that there are three regions in the half-plane −∞ 0, where the asymptotics has qualitatively different forms: a slowly decaying self-similar wave of Zakharov–Manakov type for x < −4Bt, a modulated elliptic wave for , and a plane wave for . The main tool is the asymptotic analysis of an associated matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem.


We have developed a multi-DOF ultrasonic motor with a cylinder-shaped stator and a spherical rotor. The motor provides multi-DOF rotation around x, y, and z-axes, which are implemented by two-second order bending modes with orthogonality and first order longitudinal mode of the stator. This paper put forward an optimal design method on the stator. Based on the method, an optimization program is developed in MATLAB environment. From the program, the authors designed and implemented a new prototype multi-DOF ultrasonic motor and its stator with diameter 20 mm, height 67 mm, and mass 157 g. The experimental results show that the stator's modal frequencies and mode shapes measured are consistent with the results obtained by the optimal design program that saves a lot of time.


Triplicate Treatments of Heteroclarias and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings in a semi-intensive polyculture system, were fed for twelve weeks on Pigeon pea meal, Bambara groundnut meal and coppen floating feed. They were fed at 3% body weight and were used as the control treatment. Growth performance and Physiochemical Parameters were measured weekly. Results showed that the treatment fed with coppen had the best growth performance; mean weight gain (2.23g) and (1.13g) for Heteroclarias and Tilapia, while the treatments fed with substitutes, showed appreciable growth performance with Pigeon pea meal having a final mean weight gain of (1.16g) and (0.74g) and Bambara nut coming last with (0.92)g and (0.97g) respectively. There was significant difference (P>0.05) between the feed types on the growth of the fish. (New York Science Journal 2010;3(10):42-57). (ISSN: 1554-0200).


Three potassium peroxytungstatesK2W(O2)4(PPT-1), K2W2O3(O2)4·4H2O(PPT-2) and K2W2O5(O2)2·4H2O(PPT-3) were prepared by the disaggregation of white powdery tungstic acid with 4% -15% H2O2 at room temperature and adjusting pH values with potassium hydroxide soluti-ion. PPT-3 is a new compound, its structure has been induced. The peroxytungstates were characterized by IR spectra, UV absorption spectra, X-ray powdery diffraction and thermogram. It is verified that there exists a new phase of K2W2O7.


The legal landscapes of South Asia provide a diverse picture, where state law coexists and is intertwined with normative orders shaped by religion or culture, and where written law goes hand in hand with customary legal practices. Legal pluralism is alive and highly visible in the metropolises as well as in the rural areas of the subcontinent. This raises a variety of questions and challenges for scholars and practitioners of law, amongst others: Who are the actors involved in decision making processes? What levels of hierarchy and interaction exist between these entities? How does written law differ from the realities on the ground? Do such diverse systems provide for equality before the law and, at the same time, fulfil international standards? How can human rights, religious and cultural practices and the State's socioeconomic objectives be best accommodated in a pluri-legal system? And when engaging with these questions which terminologies and concepts can be meaningfully transferred from Western to South Asian contexts and where do the limitations lie? With these broad questions in mind a group of young scholars working at the intersection of law, social sciences and South Asian studies attended the 17th Humboldt India Project (HIP) Workshop on 5 February 2016 at the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (HU), to present and discuss their research projects. The Humboldt India Project is a workshop series that brings together the South Asia specialists of HU and various other research centres in Berlin and beyond. It was conceived by Professor Michael Mann (Chair Holder South Asian Studies at HU) and has been hosted for years by HU's Institute for Asian and African Studies. HIP intends to document, inform and initiate a cross-sectional and interdisciplinary dialogue and exchange about South Asia projects in progress in different academic institutions and faculties. The workshops provide a platform for PhD candidates, postdoctoral researchers and fellows and young researchers to present their work, whether finished papers or works in progress. The presentations are typically followed by an extensive group discussion, in which European and South Asian scholars from different disciplines participate and provide critical scrutiny of the thoughts presented and contribute to a fruitful exchange of ideas.


This paper presents a fully automatic algorithm evaluating the knee joint kinematics on the basis of X-ray images. The practical instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) path acts as the main feature of interest. The X-ray images taken from unhealthy child subject while knee flexion, are used as an input data. A clear description of each step of the procedure is provided in the paper, i.e. the image preprocessing, morphological operations, object labeling, image stabilization, determination of bone landmarks, and calculation of ICR. The output information can be used as a basis in the design stage of lower limb rehabilitation manipulator.


The new year paintings is the unique painting of China,which has a history of more than one thousand years from its widespread on the Song period.The traditional new year paintings was once in vogue but now is in danger badly.Related cultural and industrial experts press much attention on the new year paintings,and it is important to explore its reasons of prosperity and recession.Basing on exploration,we should find the countermeasures to the recession of new year painting,which has specially important historical value and practical significance to this cultural heritage.


The structure of the phenolic Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, chlidanthine, has been determined by NO-dimethylation to give (–)-galanthamine methiodide, which was in turn prepared from (–)-galanthamine via(–)-epigalanthamine. The relative stereochemistry of the pair of epimeric, allylic alcohols derived from Pummerer's ketone has been determined. The conversion of these alcohols into allylic chlorides with thionyl chloride and with trisdimethylaminophosphine and carbon tetrachloride is described. Biosynthetic conversion of tritiated galanthamine and narwedine into chlidanthine has been observed in Chlidanthus fragrans Herb.


Knee pain and functional disability in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) are significantly reduced when the knee is braced. Muscle cocontraction and knee adduction excursions also are reduced.


Behavior of microparticle in potential hole has been studied. One-dimensional, twodimensional and three-dimensional potential holes with infinitive deepness (with infinitively high
walls) and flat bottom were observed. The stationary case was discussed. The wave function,
describing the particle state, probabilities of the particle being in the given hole and its energy,
depending on dimensional sizes were determined. For each case the dependencies of the wave
function and its squared modulus were presented on one, two and three coordinates, respectively.


The replacement of animal with plant proteins in human diets has been increasing in recent years. The impact of blending milk protein concentrate (MPC) with protein isolates from soy (SPI), rice (RPI) and pea (PPI) on the in vitro digestibility and antioxidant activity of the resultant blends was investigated. Different plant protein–MPC blends (i.e., SPI–MPC (25:75), RPI–MPC (50:50) and PPI–MPC (25:75)) were analyzed. The lowest protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) was associated with RPI (0.70), while the blends had PDCAAS values above 1.00 demonstrating the high digestibility of the proteins in the blends studied. An in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion was carried out on the samples. The degree of hydrolysis and gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography profiles showed that the SPI–MPC blend was more extensively digested in the gastric phase compared with the two other blends, while the PPI–MPC and RPI–MPC blends were mainly digested during the intestinal phase. The SPI–MPC digested blend had the highest 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity having a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/mL. The findings show that blends of plant protein with MPC had higher in vitro digestibility and antioxidant activity compared to the individual plant protein isolates.


OBJECTIVE—Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Definitions exist to identify those "at risk." Treatment of HIV infection with highly active antiretroviral therapy can induce severe metabolic complications including lipodystrophy, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients and compare insulin resistance and total body, limb, and visceral fat and adipokines in those with and without metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was an international cross-sectional study of a well-characterized cohort of 788 HIV-infected adults recruited at 32 centers. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was examined using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) criteria, relative to body composition (whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography), lipids, glycemic parameters, insulin resistance, leptin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS—The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 14% (n = 114; 83 men) by IDF criteria and 18% (n = 139; 118 men) by ATPIII criteria; the concordance was significant but only moderate (κ = 0.46, P < 0.0001). Many patients (49%) had at least two features of metabolic syndrome but were not classified as having metabolic syndrome as their waist circumferences or waist-to-hip ratios were in the non–metabolic syndrome range. Metabolic syndrome was more common in those currently receiving protease inhibitors (P = 0.04). Type 2 diabetes prevalence was five- to ninefold higher in those with metabolic syndrome. With IDF criteria, subjects with metabolic syndrome showed disturbances in inflammation and adipokines: they had higher CRP (5.5 ± 7.0 vs. 3.9 ± 6.0 mg/l, P < 0.003) and leptin (9 ± 9 vs. 4 ± 6 ng/ml, P < 0.0001) and lower adiponectin (12 ± 8 vs. 15 ± 10 μg/ml, P < 0.0001) levels. By ATPIII criteria, those with metabolic syndrome had higher leptin (6 ± 8 ng/ml, P = 0.006) and lower adiponectin (15 ± 10 vs. 18 ± 8 μg/ml, P < 0.0001) levels. CONCLUSIONS—Metabolic syndrome prevalence in HIV-positive adults was lower than that reported for the general population. Metabolic syndrome was associated with a substantially increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this specific cohort. Many subjects without metabolic syndrome had at least two metabolic syndrome components (particularly elevated lipid levels) but did not meet waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio cutoff metabolic syndrome criteria in this group with high rates of body fat partitioning disturbances.


Although Gödel proved the first incompleteness theorem by intuitionistically respectable means, Gödel's formula, true although undecidable, seems to offer a counter-example to the general constructivist or anti-realist claim that truth may not transcend recognizability in principle. It is argued here that our understanding of the formula consists in a knowledge of its truth-conditions, that it is true in a minimal sense (in virtue of a reductio ad absurdum) and, finally, that it is recognized as such given the consistency and ω-consistency of P . The philosophical lesson to be drawn from Gödel's proof is that our capacities for justification in favour of minimal truth exceed what is strictly speaking formally provable in P by means of an algorithm. Received June 20, 1998 © 1998 by Nicolaus Copernicus University Does Gödel's first incompleteness theorem have consequences for the question whether intuitionistic semantics should be preferred to classical semantics and, given that the acceptance of semantic principles entails the acceptance of corresponding logical laws, for the question whether intuitionistic logic should be preferred to classical logic? Although some non-constructive proofs of the theorem have been proposed after the publication of Gödel's 1931 result, e.g. by Boolos (1989), it may seem obvious that Gödel's original proof cannot have any bearing on the issue of the choice of logic, for it remains conspicuously neutral between the classical and the intuitionistic standpoints. Gödel thought it worthwhile to remind his readers that his proof was indeed constructive. He pointed to the fact that the first incompleteness result had been obtained "in an intuitionistically unobjectionable manner" (Gödel [1931: 189], 1986a: 177) and offered as a warrant for his claim that "all existential statements [Existentialbehauptungen] occurring in the proof [were] based upon Theorem V [i.e. the theorem immediately preceding the first incompleteness theorem], which, as is easily seen, is unobjectionable from the intuitionistic point of view" (Gödel loc. cit.: note 45a). In Kleene's terminology, Theorem V states that every primitive recursive relation is numeralwise expressible in P , where P is the system obtained from Whitehead and Russell's Principia Mathematica, without the ramification of the types, taking the natural numbers as the lowest type and adding their usual Peano axioms (Kleene 1986: 132). When expressed formally, without reference to any particular interpretation of the formulas of P , and in Gödel's own terminology, which favours the indirect talk of 'Gödel' numbers and concepts applying to those numbers rather than a direct talk of the formal objects, Theorem V claims that: Gödel's ([1931], 1986a) Theorem V For every recursive relation R(x1, . . . , xn) there exists an n-place relation sign r (with the free variables u1, u2, . . . , un) such that for all n-tuples of numbers (x1, . . . , xn) we have R(x1, . . . , xn) → Bew[Sb(r u1...un Z(x1)...Z(xn) )], R(x1, . . . , xn) → Bew[Neg(Sb(r u1...un Z(x1)...Z(xn) ))]. © 1998 by Nicolaus Copernicus University Incompleteness, Constructivism and Truth 65 Gödel gives an outline of the proof and notes, on this occasion, that Theorem V is itself "of course, [. . . ] a consequence of the fact that in the case of a recursive relation R it can, for every n-tuple of numbers, be decided on the basis of the axioms of the system P whether the relation R obtains or not" (Gödel op. cit.: [186n39], 171n39). This, it must be noted, can also be decided by means of procedures which remain unobjectionable from the intuitionistic standpoint. One may object that, as far as a choice in favour of a given semantics is concerned, either classical or otherwise, it hardly matters whether or not Gödel's proof is intuitionistically safe logically speaking, for, although the acceptance of semantic principles normally entails the acceptance of corresponding logical laws, the converse does not hold.1 If this conception of the relation between semantic principles and logical laws is correct, Gödel could very well have used, say, the law of excluded middle in carrying out his proof without thereby committing himself to the principle of bivalence (every statement is either true or false) ; or he could have used the law of double negation elimination without thereby committing himself to the principle of stability (every statement which is not false is true). If the remark applies to fundamental logical laws and fundamental semantic principles quite generally, and not only to excluded middle and double negation elimination, then the non-constructive proofs of the theorem should not imply any semantic claim which a constructivist or intuitionist would have to reject. The problem is that they do indeed imply such claims. Boolos' proof, in particular, establishes the existence of an undecidable statement of arithmetic, just like Gödel's ; but, unlike Gödel's, it does not provide an effective procedure for producing it. Let a correct algorithm M be an algorithm which may not list a false statement of arithmetic. A truth omitted byM is just a true sentence of arithmetic not listed byM . Boolos' proof establishes the existence of such a true statement, but the statement is recognized to be true only classically and not constructively. The problem, now, is whether the rejection of a given logical law entails the rejection of the corresponding semantic principle. Of course, if the acceptance of, say, bivalence across the board entails the endorsement of excluded middle, then, by contraposition, the rejection of excluded middle entails the rejection of bivalence. If acceptance goes one way, from the semantic to the logical, then rejection must go the other way, from the logical to the semantic. Maybe we would like to treat logical laws and semantic 1 The point has been made, e.g., by Michael Dummett in Dummett (1978: xix). © 1998 by Nicolaus Copernicus University


Roberto Chavez: Paintings and Drawings (January 23–February 23, 2013) at Notre Dame de Namur University's Wiegand Gallery in Belmont presented a varied collection of multicultural influences and styles. Chavez's work is impressively universal and compelling and, as such, exhibits many of the ways that the images of the collective unconscious are experienced through personal perception and projection. His subject matter ranges from the delightfully attractive to the horrifically explicit. His styles range from Realism to Surrealism, combining Asian with European with Chicano motifs. The archetypes of the persona, the shadow, and their synthesis in the alchemical process is discussed in terms of Jung's own writings about the philosophical "egg," a powerful symbol of the wholeness reached through the "detached consciousness" of the individuation process.


Background /Aim of Study: There is a global support for the teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in schools and teachers are expected to be trained accordingly so as to be effective trainers and to increase the number of potential lay person bystander CPR providers for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Meanwhile, Nigeria is yet to move in this direction. This study aimed at assessing the pre-training and post-training CPR skills of a group of Nigerian student teachers. Materials and Methods: A cohort quasi-experimental study design was carried out involving 150 student teachers in the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt. Before the CPR training, the participants were exposed to a typical scene of a victim of cardiac arrest using a manikin and they were asked to demonstrate steps to resuscitate the victim. This was repeated after the CPR training sessions. Both the training and assessment of the participants were done by an American Heart Association (AHA) - certified CPR instructor. Using a modified AHA Evaluation Guide, the assessment was grouped into four CPR skills domains. Results: Although the pre-training CPR skills of the participants were significantly very poor, there was significant improvement after the training in all the CPR skills (P < .001). Conclusion: The Nigerian student teachers are promising potential CPR instructors for school children and the public, if encouraged as in the advanced parts of the world.


Although fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) has been shown to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer, it is unclear what testing takes place subsequent to a positive FOBT. These researchers used Medicare data to identify over 24,000 Americans, aged 65 or older, who received screening FOBTs between January and April …


The state-of-the-art of anaerobic fermentation processes for the conversion of cellulosic waste materials to chemicals and fuels has been reviewed. The fermentation products reported from cellulose degradation generally included hydrogen, carbon dioxide, short-chain volatile acids, dicarboxylic acids, and ethanol. The various fermentations have generally been performed only at bench-scale. Most of the work has been done as either part of ruminant nutrition studies, or has been performed as research in microbiology. Little emphasis has been given to the types of kinetic and strain selection studies which would be useful as a basis for the design of large-scale or pilot-scale process equipment. The dollar values of products which could be produced from various anaerobic fermentations of cellulose ranged up to two thousand dollars per metric ton of substrate fermented. Further research to provide a basis for engineering development is recommended. action by these three Pseudomonas


Based on the point of view of mechanics,the cracking analysis ofmicrostructure in dual phase materials was analyzed,the concept of equal strengtth designand its equation were introduced,and the critical length(l_0) of martensite phase inF(ferrite)-M(martensite)dual-phase steels was calculated.Using the concept of criticallength,the cracking sites of microstructure were analyzed and calculated.


tion, in the first chapter; coercion—voluntaryism, in the second; conductalaveragism—the holy walk, in the third; sacramentalism—evangelicalism, in the fourth; authoritarianism—liberty, in the fifth; believers' baptism—infant baptism, in the sixth; sharing of goods —pleonexia, in the seventh; and partyformers—the monolithic, in the eighth. His general thesis is to show the relationship of the "stepchildren" of the Reformation to the ancient sects, whose names were applied to the sixteenthcentury dissenters in derision and condemnation. There is much in this work to appeal to one who is at least in spirit related to the stepchildren Verduin describes. The author has many excellent insights. He has an engaging style of writing, and his vocabulary additions reflect the presence of the new wine in the old skins. A few dissonant observations will not affect the principal thrust of the book. There is an occasional oversimplification of complex movements. The Donatisi movement, for example, did not center in a concept of the church "based on personal faith." The breakdown of sacralism in American Christianity must be credited in part to some of the legitimate children of the Reformation—and this theme warrants some development. It could be wished that the author had enlarged upon the dangers of present-day sacralism and had exegeted the situation as thoroughly as he did the earlier historical movements: this is where the water touches the wheel. His postscript is excellent and well balanced. In all, here is a fine book by a talented and scholarly writer. It deserves a wide and thoughtful reading.


The crime systems is the core of the theoretical system of criminal law,so some people call it as "the crown gem on theoretical system of criminal law".In today's world,the crime systems in the Continent Legal System which are represe-nted by Germany's and Japan's law and in the Anglo-American Legal System both have significant influence.This article ana-l yzes the interior structure of two crime systems in the two main legal systems,compares the differences between them,and di-scusses the use for reference of them to that in China.


The use of new media can support the efforts of the company to support a better development process particularly on the transparency of the Organization, the public service and to support marketing activities, where the wrong website penggunana activities in support implementation of marketing communications. The purpose of this research is to know the application of marketing communications via the website on Three Poor Sons.
The type of research used in this study researchers are using qualitative types of descriptive research. In the analysis of research data, then the researcher is using interactive analysis techniques according to Miles and Hubberman consisting of three components: a data reduction (reduction), the presentation of data (data display), and withdrawals as well as drawing conclusions (testing and verifying conclusions).
Research results can be outlined as follows: 1) the application of marketing communications at three sons showed Poor management systems provide support or guarantee that events or the process of information dissemination may have done well, always establish the interaction with consumers, delivering complete information, showing the display layout interesting so supports implementation established by the company. 2) Responses from consumer society or informant linked to the application of the marketing communications through the website shows that there is ease of access, the display is easy to understand, positive information, news updates, media capabilities can enhance images can provide support in efforts to develop businesses that run.


Apparatus for producing a container of cigarettes adapted to the consumer in a place of the consumer, the apparatus comprising: a reservoir (6) for storing cigarettes at the site of the consumer; a dispenser for automatically removing a pre-selected number of cigarettes from the reservoir (6) in place of the consumer in response to a request or order of the consumer; computer means adapted to receive a request from the consumer at the place of the consumer and to convey the consumer's order to the dispenser; and packer for automatically packing the preset number, removed, cigarettes into a container at the place of the consumer.


Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is the most common chronic neurological disorder in dogs. Most dogs with IE first experience seizures when they are under six years old, and they usually require treatment with anti-seizure medication for life. Unfortunately, only a small proportion of dogs with IE will achieve sustained seizure freedom. In approximately 30 per cent of dogs with IE, seizures continue to occur despite treatment with two or more anti-seizure drugs in dosages that ensure serum concentrations are within recommended therapeutic ranges.1

Cluster seizures, status epilepticus (Fig 1), the side effects of anti-seizure medication and the behavioural comorbidities of epilepsy may impair the quality of life of both the affected dogs and their owners.2 A particular burden for owners of dogs with difficult-to-treat IE is the seemingly random occurrence of the seizures. However, despite the generally unpredictable nature of the seizure events, owners frequently report observing individual cyclic seizure patterns in their dogs.

Fig 1: Dog experiencing status epilepticus at a veterinary clinic

Reliable seizure forecasting would modulate owners' feelings of insecurity and uncertainty and allow them to adapt their dogs' routines accordingly. It would also enable clinical researchers to explore the potential of using therapeutic interventions, such as intermittent levetiracetam, to interrupt upcoming seizures. Intermittent levetiracetam treatment in the form of pulse therapy has already evolved as a successful strategy for the management of cluster seizures and difficult-to-treat epilepsy in dogs. However, this treatment is usually initiated after the first seizure of a cluster rather than in a pre-emptive manner.

In human medicine, there is a rapidly developing market for seizure detection devices. These devices use a wide range of different methods to detect …


No one interested in the life sciences can fail to notice how the pace of life always quickens. This seems so whether we look back a few years of our own lives, or millions of years of the evolution of life. The story starts slowly. But whatever evolutionary phase of pre human life or human lifestyle that we look back on, the last small fraction always represents a new explosion to a previously unparalleled sophistication. Some 3 billion years ago, there were the fi rst complex cells, some 550 million years ago, the fi rst complex multicellular life, some fi ve million years ago, the hominids (the Homo species). A million years ago, the early protohumans, Homo erectus , were chipping away at stone to make their fi rst crude devices, developing the technology of fi re. Just short of 200,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans were living, dying, and leaving their bones in Ethopia, the earliest known Homo sapiens bones at the time of writing. There were accelerating waves of migrations out of Africa to colonize the world about 50,000 to 80,000 years ago, a new, literally " cutting edge, " technology arises: humans begin to develop new blade tools , fashioned from bone and antlers as well as stone. Armed with their New Stone Age blade 1


This contribution provides specification text for: - The IP-based LCS overall architecture - The IP-based LCS reference architecture - IP-based LCS stage 2 call flows, The proposed text is intended for the IP based LCS stage 2 specification.


FIELD: human life necessities satisfaction. SUBSTANCE: installation contains a centrifugal pump unit (1) for water injection, a pressure accumulator (3), a pressure gauge (4), a water pressure sensor (5), a tap (6) and a filter unit (7) installed in series at its output, at least one container for the reagent concentrate (8), a container for the aqueous reagent solution (9), and a mixing device (10). The said mixing device includes at least one ejector (11) connected by its nozzle via the valve (12) and a normally closed valve (13) to water injection, by the suction chamber to the reagent concentrate tank (8), and by the diffuser output to the container for the aqueous reagent solution (9) connected to the pump unit (15) suction to feed the reagent solution to the spraying means. At that, the container for the aqueous reagent solution (9) is provided with a float (16) connected by a ball chain (17) with a collar arranged to act on the normally closed valve (13). The unit is also equipped with a gas analyzer, a weather station and a software control unit (21) for the reagent solution pump, connected thereto and to a water pressure sensor. EFFECT: complete automation of the deodorization process with increased reliability by human factor elimination. 15 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl


The capacity for natural binding of magnesium by baker's yeast (S. cerevisiae No. 102) was investigated under batch conditions (with aeration) on control medium (YPD) and experimental media enriched with Mg 2+ ions at the following doses: 0.25 g/L; 0.5 g/L and 1.25 g/L. The source of Mg 2+ ions were magnesium salts: MgSO 4 .7H 2 O or MgCl 2 .6H 2 O, which were added to the culture media at the beginning of incubation and at the end of the logarithmic growth phase of yeasts. Magnesium content was determined with the AAS method in non rinsed biomass (magnesium not permanently bound with cells) and biomass rinsed twice with deionised water (magnesium permanently bound with cells). There was more magnesium not permanently bound with yeast cells. The medium enriched with chloride salt was found to bind more magnesium ions than the medium supplemented with sulphate salt. The content of magnesium permanently bound with cell biomass obtained after 6-h incubation with the addition of chloride salt (3.50-3.71 mg Mg/g d.s.) was twice as high as the content of magnesium bound with the biomass from control medium. The applied concentrations of Mg 2+ ions had no significant effect on the content of magnesium permanently bound with cell yeasts. Magnesium addition to media at the end of the logarithmic growth phase was found not to increase magnesium content in the yeast cell biomass after 24 h and 48 h of incubation. The addition of magnesium chloride to YPD medium intensified considerably the growth rate between the 6 th and 24 th h of culture and had a positive effect on the final yield of yeast cell biomass.


This work is the result of an investigation conducted for the presentation of a final
dissertation at the University of Zaragoza in the master "Long life learning in multicultural
contexts". It was defended in 2010. It uses a WebQuest (WQ)-which involve innovation in
two different aspects: in the way of teaching and way of learning, with students from 6th
grade, for the development of mathematical competence in the context of Social Sciences.
We seek to assess the type of learning that was achieved, which called for interaction and
involvement of these methodologies for the teacher and education manager. In the
research, we used semistructured interviews and questionnaires to teachers and to students


The main objective of this work is to show a methodology in design of chemical plants considering that is a multidisciplinary engineering, where the calculation of elements generated geometric definitions that we have to organize in the overview of the plant. In this paper we show a graphic style to resolve graphic design in chemical engineering, taking for example an application of a specific case in this discipline, emphasized the most important aspects that we can use to development other kind of projects relate with chemical engineering.


The article discusses technological complex of biochemical wastewater treatment (BWWT) of polymerproduction. Based on the review of the main methods of modeling discrete-continuous biochemist technologysystems (BCTS) it substantiates the appropriateness of applying the of Petri nets (PN) theory for modelingBWWT of polymer industries. It is proposed to use a modification of Petri nets that focuses on modeling andanalysis of discrete-continuous BCTS, by introducing priority transitions, deterministic time delays fortransitions and places. A model in the form of a modified Petri net (MPN) is constructed. By means of SCADATRACE MODE, software package to control BWWT technology system is designed.


The O chain polysaccharide (O PS) of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis lipopolysaccharide is a homopolymer of 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxygalacturonic acid (GalNAc3NAcA) in which some of the sugars are present as uronamides. The terminal residue contains several unusual modifications. To date, two types of modification have been characterized, and a survey of numerous strains demonstrated that each contained one of these two modification types. Host antibody responses against the O PS are directed against the terminal residue modifications, and there is little cross-reactiv-ity between the two types. This suggests that Bordetella O PS modifications represent a means of antigenic variation. Here we report the characterization of the O PS of B. bronchiseptica strain MO149. It consists of a novel two-sugar repeating unit and a novel terminal residue modification, with the structure Me-4- (cid:1) - L -GalNAc3NAcA-(4- (cid:2) - D -GlcNAc3NAcA-4- (cid:1) - L


Under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) and Advanced Material Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a team led by Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar) has successfully designed engines utilizing silicon carbide/silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite (CFCC) combustor liners. Their potential for low NOx and CO emissions was demonstrated in nine field-engine tests for a total duration of more than 52,000-hours. In the first four engine tests, the durability of the liners was limited primarily by the long-term stability of SiC in the high steam environment of the gas turbine combustor. Consequently, the need for an environmental barrier coating (EBC) to meet the 30,000-hour life goal was recognized. An EBC developed under the National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) High Speed Civil Transport, Enabling Propulsion Materials program was improved, optimized and applied on the SiC/SiC liners by United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) from the fifth engine test onwards. The results of the evaluation after the seventh engine test with greater than 15,000-hours is compared against the results of a previous engine test with approximately 14,000-hours.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The multiplication algorithm has been widely implemented in many computations and tasks. In the multiplication algorithm, the multiplication of two numbers has a characteristic of commutative. It should be understood that the commutative characteristic is just causing a result orientation while both of them have a different concept. Basically, the concept of the multiplication is repeated addition. The multipliers in the digital devices are very complex circuits and high cost. The large value multiplication will consume many additions while the components used in the digital machines are very limited when it is implemented to handle such case that could consume many components. Many algorithms of binary multiplication have been proposed to solve in many implementations in the digital devices. This paper has presented the comparison of the multiplication algorithm of the binary number in the implementation of the FPGAs. The complexity and reduced time have become issues in the implementation of the field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).


An expression for stress wave attenuation rate was derived based on one dimensional wave propagation and interaction in samples between Hopkinson bars.The relation between attenuation rate and initial damage was studied experimentally on damaged rocks.Also the attenuation rules of spherical and cylindrical explosive stress waevs are derived based on stress equivalent method.


The direct synthesis of hydroxyapatite─1,8-octan-bisphosphonic acid (HAp─BISPH) nanocrystals has been carried out in presence of increasing amounts of BISPH in solution, by hydrothermal method at 120 °C for 15 h. XRD, IR, NMR-MAS (31P, 1H and 13C), TEM, AFM, TGA and chemical analysis were used to characterize the structure, morphology and composition of the products. X-ray powder diffraction patterns show that the incorporation of bisphosphonate moieties induces a significant loss of the material crystallinity and a clear decrease of the crystallite size. TEM and AFM images show that the precipitated apatite particles prepared in the presence of this bisphosphonic acid are nanosized. The IR and NMR-MAS 1H spectroscopy show that the BISPH can replace the OH− groups of the apatitic structure.


Long-lived flows such as file transfers, video streams are common in
today's networks. In the context of service function chaining, this
draft suggests use cases for dynamic bypass of certain service
functions for such flows. The benefit of this approach would be to
avoid expensive Layer 7 service function processing for such flows
based on dynamic decisions and thus improve overall performance.


We explore machine learning techniques for predicting the number of dark matter subhalos, N sub , belonging to a main halo using only those characteristics of the parent halo that are independent of subhalos. Such a model can be used to save computation time by enabling accurate predictions of N sub from lower resolution simulations. Due to a lack of previous work in this area, we thoroughly test multiple types of machine learning models. These include variants of linear regression (LR), a support vector regression (SVR), and a linear regression trees (LRT). We find that locally weighted linear regression with a novel use of principle component analysis performs the best out of all the models, obtaining an average test error of about 7%.


The article describes the objects of administrative influences from the position of development of the sphere of fire safety. Mechanisms of state management of the fire safety sphere in Ukraine are investigated. The main causes of fires in Ukraine are identified according to experts. Proposals have been made on the necessary changes to the law of Ukraine "On the Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine". The proposed scientific and theoretical foundations of mechanisms for the implementation of state governance in the field of fire safety. It was determined that the state should always act as a reliable guarantor of mandatory liability of organizations operating hazardous industrial facilities, establish criteria for determining the amount of financial security for civil liability for damage caused by an emergency situation related to the occurrence of a fire; introduction of scientifically sound approaches to the assessment of fire damage with the involvement of independent expert organizations; development of the regulatory and legal framework for the implementation of supervisory functions and ensuring the responsibility of managers of enterprises (institutions, organizations) and executive authorities in the field of fire safety. At the same time, it is justified that the main indicators in the state regulation should be considered: the frequency of fires, losses, the costs of measures to prevent and eliminate emergencies associated with the occurrence of a fire and prevented damage. It is specified that the understanding of the importance of fire safety as a priority component of national security is not very deep in our opinion, is also due to the fact that the losses that result from the occurrence of fires are not always properly calculated. In our opinion, the calculations of only a set of known losses can not expose all the costs that the state and society bear on the results of fires. The most obvious example is the consequences of a fire in the forest.


Description of a simple supplementation for Menghini's set of bioptical instruments in form of an arrest for the adjustment of the deptho of penetration into the renal parenchyma for the reduction of the complication rate. It is regarded as aid for the physician who is less frequently puncturing.


DFT, Graphene Coronene, doping Nonlinear optical properties Electronic properties Polarizability Hyperpolarizability Coronene can be considered as graphene nanoflakes. This aromatic hydrocarbon allows for detailed calculations and the rapid evaluation of a variety of doped structures while maintaining the periodic aromaticity of graphene. In this study, through density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP (BECKE 3-PARAMETER LEE-YANG-PARR) functional with a 6-31G (d) basis set, we have investigated the effects of substituting carbon atoms with B, N, and O on the electronic structure, linear and nonlinear optical properties of graphene. Therefore, we found that the bandgap varies as a function of the considered structure.


This study assesses the possibility of Kusile and Medupi power plants with providing enough electricity to the South African economy when generating at full capacity. The study utilised time series data spanning from 1980 to 2021 collected from secondary sources such as the International Energy Agency and the World Bank. The study employed DF-GLS and PP unit root tests, ARDL Bounds test, ARDL ECM model and Granger causality tests to assess the possibility. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between electricity generation, economic growth, and population growth on electricity consumption while electricity loss and trade openness were negatively related to electricity consumption. The granger causality results revealed unidirectional causality running from electricity consumption to economic growth and from trade openness to electricity consumption. The study recommended that Eskom and South African government should speed up the completion of Medupi and Kusile power plants, limit electricity loss and investing in new electricity infrastructure to match the gap between demand and supply and limit loadshedding in South Africa.


Universally, hooks are meant for application of a force delivery system. Recently, hooks bent into the archwire/soldered hooks were replaced with crimpable archwire hooks in clinical practice. An alternative to crimpable hooks, a simpler, cost-effective method to reduce the chairside time was thought, which leads to innovation. This article describes the stepwise fabrication and application of simple self-customized crimpable hooks onto the archwire. These self-customized crimpable hooks are very economical and extremely useful for practitioners and can be easily fabricated at the chairside. They can be positioned where ever required and also can be used as an alternative to crimpable hooks without welding. It has added advantage of easy removal with a crimpable hook removal plier without causing distortion of the main archwire.


Applying cloud technology to 3D interactive multimedia applications is a promising way to provide flexible and cost efficient online high bandwidth immersive services to a large population of end users. One main reason cloud systems are popular among users is the fact that it relaxes the hardware requirements for high-end interactive visual applications. As most of the computational tasks are done on cloud servers, users no longer need to upgrade their hardware frequently to keep up with the ever increasing high end computing requirements of the latest applications. Moreover, cloud systems make it easier for a user to enjoy applications on different platforms, including mobile devices that are usually not powerful enough to run high-end, memory intensive services. In short, applying cloud technology to high end immersive applications has advantages in cost efficiency and flexibility both for the end users and the service providers. In previous work, we proposed a flexible framework that addresses the bandwidth utilization and latency issues by using a combination of collaborative rendering, progressive meshes, and 3D image warping techniques. In this paper, we analyze the performance of our framework for unreliable network environments where packets can be lost during network transmission. The experimental results show that compared to pure video streaming approaches, the proposed system is less sensitive to network conditions as part of the content is generated locally on the client.


Objective To evaluate the value of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in the diagnosis of respiratory tract infections.Methods The study subjects were the patients with respiratory tract infections (infected group) and healthy men (control group).Nasopharyngeal secretion and sputum were sampled for detection.Adenovirus(ADV),cytomegalovirus(CMV),coxsackie virus(COX),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),chlamydia pneumonia(CP),chlamydia trachomatis(CT),mycoplama pneumonia(MP) and ureaplasma urealyticum(UU) were detected by PCR.Results The positive rates in infected group were ADV 11.5%,CMV 14.5%,COX 18.0%,RSV 29.5%,CP 34.5%,CT 4.5%,MP 17.0% and UU 5.5%.Compared with the control group,all the other items except CT and UU had statistic significance (P 0.01).Conclusion PCR can be a useful way in the diagnosis of respiratory tract infections due to its higher sensitivity and specificity.CP,RSV,COX and MP may be the major pathogens of acute respiratory tract infections.


Numerous research studies have examined the validity of GRE scores in predicting graduate success, however, some limitations still exist. This study targeted graduate engineering programs and investigated the validity of GRE scores in predicting graduate engineering GPA (GGPA). In addition, the differences in the validity of GRE scores between American and international students and between masters' and doctoral students were compared. The GRE's incremental predictive ability over undergraduate GPA (UGPA) and TOEFL scores was examined. Data were obtained from 1083 students from the engineering programs in a large, comprehensive midwestern university. Results indicated that GRE was useful in forecasting GGPA of graduate engineering students. The GRE scores explained more criterion variance for American students than for international students, but statistically significant differences were only found when GRE-Quantitative predicted GGPA. The GRE-Verbal and GRE-Quantitative scores had different patterns in predicting graduate grades for master's and doctoral students. UGPA was found to be a very strong predictor, and TOEFL scores were significantly correlated with the criterion variables. GRE scores, however, were found to have significant incremental validity over UGPA and TOEFL scores. TOEFL scores were less able to make predictions.


During an investigation of the optical properties of high-purity vitreous silica (fused quartz), which is being developed by NASA as a reflective and ablative heat shield, some interesting properties of theoretical and experimental nature have become apparent which otherwise may have remained unnoticed. Of particular interest for the NASA application is the shift of the absorption edge toward longer wavelengths with increasing temperature. The results of studies of this shift and of the spectral dependence of the absorption edge are summarized in the present paper. Plots of the absorption edge and the absorption spectrum of fused quartz vs temperature are given and discussed.


Artificial organs which are to be chronically implanted require a means of getting power into the body from an external power source with minimum risk of infection and irritation to the skin. The skin tunnel transformer is such a device whereby high level electromagnetic energy can be transmitted through the skin with very low losses and noncritical positioning. Two versions of the transformer are shown and described, and experimental results obtained with dogs are presented. Transmission over 50 watts at better than 95 percent efficiency has been accomplished with no ill effects. The use of the transformer for simultaneous transmission of telemetry data is also discussed.


The utility model provides a measuring device used in artificial leather and synthetic leather, comprising a fixing plate, a bracket, a measurement positioning device and a displacement sensor, wherein the fixing plate is provided with a through hole, the measurement positioning device is inserted in the through hole, the end part of the measurement positioning device is provided with a measuring substrate, the bracket is fixed on the fixing plate, the displacement sensor is installed on the bracket, and the end part of the displacement sensor is provided with a contact. The measuring device designed by the utility model is used in the coating production line. During the transmission process of artificial leather and synthetic leather, the contact shifts along with the thickness change of the artificial leather and the synthetic leather when the artificial leather and the synthetic leather pass between the measuring substrate and the contact so as to measure a plurality of dynamic thickness values, and average thickness values of the artificial leather and the synthetic leather can be determined through analysis. The measuring device provided by the utility model can be used to measure the thickness values in real time in the coating production line, and the measuring data is more accurate.


Chiral 2-amino-1,3-butadienes 1 derived from commercially available (S)-2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine react with aromatic N-trimethylsilylaldimines and N-phenylaldimines in the presence of ZnCl2 to give, after the reaction workup, 4-piperidones 4 and 6, respectively, with moderate to very high enantiomeric excesses. In addition, the absolute configurations of derivatives of 4 a and 4 g were determined by circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy on the Mosher ester, respectively.


textabstractResponses to Wittgenstein's philosophy by those working in the Marxist tradition have been varied, ranging from outright rejection, which characterized the early responses, to the embracing of it, which became the norm for later thinkers. What lies behind this dialectic of repulsion and attraction and which of the two responses is the more valid? In order to ascertain this I first analyze the early critical responses, arguing that they fall short in their appreciation of in particular Wittgenstein's later philosophy. I then go on to employ the concept of language ideology to unpack the respective underlying epistemological and ontological commitments of Wittgenstein's later philosophy and that of the later Marxian thinkers attracted to it, arguing that here the sources for the latter's affinities for the former can be found and that these are legitimate and merit expansion.


Polymerization of o-, m-, and p-trimethylsilylphenols (TMS-phenols) was achieved electrochemically. The polymers were prepared as thin films on a platinum electrode and were found to be electroinactive in nonaqueous solutions. The polymers exhibited far higher conductivities than polyphenol or other substituted polyphenols. The conductivity of poly (p-TMS-phenol) was lower than that observed for the polymers of the o- and m-isomers. The polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The effect of monomer concentration, supporting electrolyte concentration, current densities, and temperature on the poymerization was investigated using microgravimetry. The observed empirical kinetics were as follows. The rates of polymerization of o-, m-, and p-TMS-phenol were found to be of 0.8, 0.8, and 0.7 order dependent on monomer concentation, of 0.5, 0.5 and 0.45 order dependent on electrolyte concentration, and of 0.9, 0.9 and 0.8 order dependent on current densities. By investigating the effect of temperature on electropolymerization, the corresponding activation energies of electropolymerization were calculated to be 0.9, 0.9, and 0.8 kj/mole. The molecular weights of poly(o-TMS-phenol) and poly(m-TMS-phenol) were determined by gel permeation chromotography. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


TRADITIONALLY, progress is presented as a steady advance, a smooth upward curve with time. It is not really like that at all. It is made in sudden steps followed by a period of consolidation. All the same, there is a basic trend or principle behind these jumps of progress which, themselves, are set off by bringing out some radically new process or method.


Abstract
Purpose
To provide insight into the role and design of delivery services to address CO2, NO x , and PM10 emissions from passenger travel.

Methodology/approach
A simulated North American data sample is served with three transportation structures: last-mile personal vehicles, local-depot-based truck delivery, and regional-warehouse-based truck delivery. CO2, NO x , and PM10 emissions are modeled using values from the US EPA's MOVES model and are added to an ArcGIS optimization scheme.

Findings
Local-depot-based truck delivery requires the lowest amount of vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and last-mile passenger travel generates the lowest levels of CO2, NO x , and PM10. While last-mile passenger travel requires the highest amount of VMT, the efficiency gains of the delivery services are not large enough to offset the higher pollution rate of the delivery vehicle as compared to personal vehicles.

Practical implications
This research illustrates the clear role delivery structure and logistics have in impacting the CO2, NO x , and PM10 emissions of goods transportation in North America.

Social implications
This research illustrates tension between goals to reduce congestion (via VMT reduction) and CO2, NO x , and PM10 emissions.

Originality/value
This chapter provides additional insight into the role of warehouse location in achieving sustainability targets and provides a novel comparison between delivery and personal travel for criteria pollutants.


ern paper machines and the intro duction of various processes of wood pulping, cheap paper has been made available to the world." Dr. Kress pointed out that paper making is an ancient art. It was probably developed in China and came into possession of Arab bri gands. who spread it through Eu rope during the Moorish invasion Of Spain. Rags were the first raw material Used for paper making and were used exclusively until 1800 when Louis Robert of France conceived the idea of using pulp. However, rag« continued in prominence until various processes for reduicng pulp were discovered. These fundamen tal processes came into existence during the middle of the nineteenth century and are four in number, the groundwood, the sulphite, the soda, and the kraft methods. In explaining the different pro cesses, Mr. Kress said that by the groundwood metuod long-fibred, non-resinous woods such as the evergreens are reduced by a me chanical grinding of properly cleaned wood on suitable grind Stones which run by hydraulic pressure. The sulphite process also


The purpose of the present study was to examine changes in EMG activities of the left and right masseter muscles during feeding after fracture of the tooth in the rat. Male Wister rats weighing over 320g were fixed with a pedestal for connecting with wires from recording electrodes by dental cement on the center of the cranial bone under anesthesia. Thin Teflon coated wires connected to the pedestal led under the skin to the left and right masseter muscles and cut ends of these wires were sewed on the masseter muscles and employed as recording electrodes. In recording EMG, the wire of the pedestal and the input box of amplifier were connected by other thin wires. The rat could move and eat freely in the cage. The control EMG was recorded after a week from setting the pedestal and the crown of lower first molar (or 3 molar) was fractured thereafter. The postoperative EMG was recorded about 5days after fracture of the crown of a molar (or 3 molar) and subsequent EMG recording was carried on at an interval of about a week. The amplitude and integrated value of EMG in the left and right masseter muscles were compared.


The results of a histological, [3H]thymidine uptake, and autoradiographic study of the cyclic guinea pig ovary suggest that there are two consecutive waves of antral follicle development within eac...


Compared with traditional wire,Aluminum Conductor Composite Core(ACCC) has such advantages as light weight,low sag,high strength,higher operation working temperature,and high electric conduction rate.Through the comparison between Drake ACCC/TW and LGJ-400/65 conductor,especially with the respect of the material performance,sag-temperature curve,install curve of the two conductors,it proves that ACCC conductor shows better performance in Aluminum cross-sectional area,maximum operating temperature,current carrying capacity than ACSR conductor,and ACCC can transmit more effective power capability.After the wire temperature rise,ACCC conductor sag changes very little.Meanwhile,the paper presents the applications of ACCC in engineering.


In current approaches of mathematics education at the upper secondary level, activities proposed to students involve several domains in interaction. After studying activities about modelling or functions, we question here the development in many mathematical curricula around the world of activities involving computer programming, sometimes labelled "coding" or "algorithmics". The motivation of this paper is that a suitable theoretical framework is required to make sense of students' work in activities involving various domains, taking into account the semiotic dimension as well as the use of instruments, and the contents and reasoning specific to each domain.


We compare economic trends over the financial crisis, and the tax and benefit reforms implemented in response, across six EU countries. Countries where the crisis led to a relatively greater increase in public spending than a decline in tax revenues – in particular, France and Italy – are found to have implemented consolidations that are more reliant on tax increases than spending cuts. While in France and Italy households with children have lost less from tax and benefit reforms than pensioner households, the reverse is true in Ireland and the United Kingdom. The pattern of cuts to public services also varies: France, Ireland and the UK chose to protect spending on health and schools from cuts, while Italy and Spain chose to cut spending on these services relatively deeply. One clear improvement has been the introduction of greater independence and transparency in the production of economic and fiscal forecasts. Unfortunately, in many cases, the fiscal response to the crisis missed opportunities to improve the overall efficiency of the tax system.


Sexual violence is underreported all over the world. In this article, I argue that democratic backsliding undermines the reporting of sexual violence even further. The author's team conducted in-depth interviews (n = 15) with representatives of civil society organizations, victims' services, clinical practitioners, and child and family welfare in Hungary in 2017 and 2018, in search of organizational and structural causes to why sexual violence remains vastly underreported in the country with the least reported case numbers in Europe. The small but diverse sample helped identify associations between the reporting of sexual violence and repressive, gender-related political decisions such as threatening the existence of civil organizations undertaking victim support roles and providing victim services, a family-centered political narrative, and confining women's roles solely for reproductive purposes. It is not possible to maintain causation since there are other factors interfering the association. Thus, instead of discussing it as a single cause of underreporting sexual violence, I present the Hungarian case to illustrate the consequences of illiberal politics on reporting. Furthermore, utilizing Slovič's risk-benefit model, I argue that recent products of illiberal politics such as politicizing "gender" undermine trust, a precondition of asking for help and providing support for victims of sexual violence.


Computed tomography as a simulation is useful to find white spots to be irradiated and critic organs, in order to prepare treatment dosage by using appropriate immobilizers. A descriptive study was conducted of a series of influencing factors, related to simulations of head and neck cancer. A study was made of all patients simulated with head and neck cancer from August 2015 to January 2016, in Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín; hence, 18 patients of both sexes with no specific age. Regarding simulation, the most important thing was immobilization systems used, mostly thermoplastic masks and a tongue depressor as an additional device, because not reproducibility of patient positioning could be got, and risk organs could be affected with a permanent damage. As additional information, cancer type was investigated by the location in the head and neck, with the non-Hodgkin lymphoma being the most commonly found. Consideration should be also given to benefits of conducting a control of quality to the CAT Simulator, in the sense that errors are prevented. It was concluded that the hypothesis is affirmative, based on what was formerly stated, and the general investigation objective was complied. No sufficient information is available on investigations or articles related to simulations in radiotherapy 3D CRT.


Introductions to the Philosophy of Law deal mainly with the concept of law, and this book offers a refreshing change. After two chapters devoted to "Jurisprudence as the Philosophy of Law" and "Analytical Jurisprudence", the book moves on to deal with the fascinating subjects of "Act", "The Nature of the actus reus", "Voluntary conduct", "Intention", "Negligence and Recklessness" and "Future Truths". Unfortunately, as one quickly learns in Chapter 1, the book consists of a series of conceptual studies, and the author's conception of conceptual analysis is itself rather narrow. Thus the book provides yet another opportunity to prove that analysis is very important, but that it is never enough. The book contains a lot of useful information and analysis, but I have not found in it insightful illuminations of either legal liability or of the concepts with which we describe its ascriptions. In the first chapter White explains why jurisprudence should be seen as the philosophy of law (a point of no obvious importance to the purposes of this book), and why he will confine his study to the conceptual-analytical component of legal philosophy, to the exclusion of scientific (historic, sociological or psychological) and evaluative accounts. Division of labour and unity of pursuits are clearly legitimate intellectual constraints, yet the freedom to isolate conceptual studies from either empirical or evaluative enterprises depends on some strong presuppositions about the nature of conceptual analysis and its functions. White supports his decision to deal exclusively with analysis by arguing that analysis, like empirical studies, and unlike evaluative pursuits, invokes existing standards which need to be discovered rather than subscribed to. Consequently, empirical studies and conceptual analysis can both be either true or false, whereas evaluations are positions of a different kind. White prefers to deal with analysis only since there are others, viz, the scientists, who take adequate care of the empirical studies. Had White been right about the nature of conceptual analysis, there would be no fault with his chosen agenda. It seems to me, however, that


Personal communications services (PCS) promise to provide a variety of information exchanges among users with any type of mobility, at any time, in any place, through any available device. To achieve this ambitious goal, two of the major challenges in the system design are: (i) to provide a high-speed wireless subsystem with large capacity and acceptable quality-of-service (QoS) and (ii) to design a network architecture capable of supporting multimedia traffic and various kinds of user mobility. A time-hopping spread-spectrum wireless communication system called ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) radio is used to provide communications that are low power, high data rate, fade resistant, and relatively shadow free in a dense multipath environment. Receiver-signal processing of UWB radio is described, and performance of such communications systems, in terms of multiple-access capability, is estimated under ideal multiple-access channel conditions. A UWB-signal propagation experiment is performed using the bandwidth in excess of 1 GHz in a typical modern office building in order to characterize the UWB-signal propagation channel. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the UWB radio and its robustness in a dense multipath environment. A ATM network is used as the backbone network due to its high bandwidth, fast switching capability, flexibility, and well-developed infrastructure. To minimize the impact caused by user mobility on the system performance, a hierarchical network-control architecture is postulated. A wireless virtual circuit (WVC) concept is proposed to improve the transmission efficiency and simplify the network control in the wireless subsystem. The key advantage of this network architecture and WVC concept is that the handoff can be done locally most of the time, due to the localized behavior of PCS users.


Abstract Gröhn, P. (The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, and the Children's Department, Tampere Central Hospital, Tampere, Finland). Transfer factor in chronic and recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 66:211, 1977.—Five cases with abnormal sensitivity to respiratory tract infections are described. The cases showed a marked impairment in their cell mediated immunity state. Administration of a chromatographically purified transfer factor component increased the skin test sensitivity to common recall antigens. Interestingly, a similar effect in skin reactivity was observed with repeated skin tests alone, when antigen concentrations, initially high enough to cause a positive reaction, were used. Neither the administration of transfer factor nor skin testing with high antigen concentrations had an effect on blast transformation percentages. The therapy with chromatographically purified transfer factor appeared promising on the clinical condition of the patients.


A new numerical method is introduced for calculation of quasi-polynomial zeros with constant single delay. The trajectories of zeros are obtained depending on time-delay from zero to final time-delay value. The method determines all the zeros of the quasi-polynomial in any right half-plane. The approach is used to determine stability analysis of time-delay systems. The method is easy to implement, robust and applicable to quasi-polynomials with high order. The effectiveness of the method is shown on an example.


Due to the fact that wireless channels are an open medium to intruders and their attacks, encryption is a vital process to assure security over these channels. However, using well-known encryption algorithms to encrypt data in wireless communication will result in a catastrophic error due to the avalanche effect, which is implemented in these algorithms to assure security. Although this effect is desirable to assure security, these algorithms do not take into account the bit error characteristics of the wireless channel. Therefore, if an error occurs in the encrypted data over the channel, the decryption process at the receiver will result in half the original bits to be in error due to the avalanche effect. So the need for a new secure encryption algorithm that takes into account the bit error characteristics of wireless channels becomes necessary. In this paper, we propose a modification to the Data Encryption Standard (DES) to make it secure and prone to the bit errors caused by the wireless channel. We observe that using the modified algorithm in wireless channels, improves the bit error rate (BER) performance as well as security compared to DES.