Time-frequency analysis is often used to study non stationary multicomponent signals, which can be viewed as the surperimposition of modes, associated with ridges in the TF plane. To understand such signals, it is essential to identify their constituent modes. This is often done by performing ridge detection in the time-frequency plane which is then followed by mode retrieval. Unfortunately, existing ridge detectors are often not enough robust to noise therefore hampering mode retrieval. In this paper, we therefore develop a novel approach to ridge detection and mode retrieval based on the analysis of the short-time Fourier transform of multicomponent signals in the presence of noise, which will prove to be much more robust than state-of-the-art methods based on the same time-frequency representation.


AbstractThe growth and production of Porphyridiuni aerugineuni has been studied at different salinity: 0 % o, 5 %o, 10 %o and photoperiod: 1Oh/14h, 14h/1Oh, 18h/6h. Bacth culture of red ?nicroalgae has been apllied on F/2 Guillard medium and 25 °C. The salinity has influenced the growth of Porphyridium aerugineum. The optimal growth of this rhodophyceae was on freshwater. While the increase of salinity has decreased the cells concentration; but has increased the growth rate and the production. The prolongation of photophase has increased the growth and production of this rhodophyceae. But the cells concentration and dry weight of Porphyridium aerugineum was better on photoperiod of 14W /10 than 18h/6h. Keywords: growth, photoperiod, Porphyridium aerugienum, production, salinity


We study weak normal structure (WNS) in Banach spaces with symmetric norm and show that a separable Banach space can be renormed in order not to have WNS if it is not a Schur space.


Spatialization as part of political economy now becomes one of the trend in media industries which eventually will lead to concentration of ownership. This condition happens because the owner considers expanding to larger media bussiness with minimum efforts. spatialization refers to the term "the proccess of overcoming the constraints of a space and time". This means media develop an integrated networking system. Networking is a management system in broadcast industry, where several stations (newspaper, radio or online website) share programs and advertising time. In many cases, spatialization often contains hyper-commercialism which will lead to homogeneity of content. KompasGramedia Group (Media Division) is an example of a media group that applies spatialization on their media bussiness. Media Division has: KOMPAS TV, KOMPAS.com, Surat Kabar Harian KOMPAS (newspaper) and radio network ( SonoraFM, Motion FM, ELTIRA FM). This division itself is a part of bigger business conglomeration of KGG, which has many other businesses besides media business such as (Training and Education, Hotel and Resort, Manufactures and Business Events). The purpose of this paper is to explore the form of spatialization in Media Division Kompas Gramedia Group.


We report on the efficient high-power laser operation by using a cryogenic Yb:YAG composite ceramics with a total-reflection active-mirror arrangement. A 273W CW output power was demonstrated at 65% optical efficiency and 72% slope efficiency.


SUMMARY Residents have preference for areas that are conducive to both their social and economic well being. Tree shade has been found to provide certain benefits that enhance the well being of residents such as shading of privacy, adding aesthetic value to residential property including addition to the rental value of property among other things. This study is set out to find a way of assessing the contribution of tree shade to the enhance value of residential property in Maiduguri metropolis, using the hedonic models (multiple regression techniques). The city was stratified into three (3) namely; traditional area, Government Reservation Area (GRA) and urban periphery. Systematic sampling technique was used in the administration of questionnaires of which the first house was randomly selected and every 25 th house was subsequently selected. The household head in each of the selected houses was served with the questionnaire. On the whole, a total of 474 household heads were served with questionnaires out of which 372 were returned. Analysis was however, done for the whole city of Maiduguri. The study found out that tree shade contributes significantly to the value of residential property in Maiduguri at 0.05 level of significance. The study recommends the use of a valuation model which will incorporate those structural and environmental attributes which in most cases are explicitly left out when using traditional valuation methodology. Also, there is the need for policy makers in the areas of environmental protection and management to create awareness on the benefits of tree planting in the study area.


In a well written review entitled Cancer surveillance in ulcerative colitis (British Journal of Surgery 2005; 92: 928–936), a group from Oxford summarized the confused state of affairs surrounding the attempts to prevent fatal colorectal cancer in patients with extensive colitis. Starting with Morson and Pang's paper in 1967 which showed that dysplasia could be detected in rectal biopsies in these patients, the authors review the extensive literature written over the last decade and a half. Gemellus is dismayed to find that despite relatively new concepts of DALMs and molecular techniques which might give us better clues, the programmes of surveillance are, as the authors state in their abstract, poorly effective . Although one review published in 2001 showed death from colorectal cancer to be uncommon in surveillance programmes, a detailed analysis by others paints a much less favourable picture. Indeed there are some inconsistencies in this review such as when the authors state that there is evidence to suggest that drug treatment of ulcerative colitis with 5ASA drugs seems to protect against colorectal cancer but then add that, although there is an increasing proportion of patients taking these drugs colitis, cancer is on the increase. Gemellus bemoans the fact that this is yet another example where surveillance is expensive and slightly dangerous for rather dubious benefit. However he agrees with the authors' fatalistic statement that although these surveillance programmes are inefficient they are likely to continue given the higher incidence of colorectal cancer developing in these patients which is about 18% after 30 years. At the end of a week when one of Gemellus' long-term surveillance patients has just presented with an established cancer this is small consolation.


Artificial upwelling is considered as a promising technology to recover the marine environment, especially for fishery environment recovery. This paper studied basic characteristics of "differential-heating- liquid- upwelling" (DHLU) in open surroundings with PIV and numerical analysis. Flow field of upwelling under typical condition was measured with particle image velocimetry (PIV), and a reasonable numerical model was built on the base of experimental data to study the key characteristics of DHLU system by numerical simulations. Results show that the upwelling in DHLU is mainly driven by the masses with high ascending speed. It is reasonable to choose k-e turbulence model to study the flow field of DHLU in simulation. All of the three important parameters such as characteristic ascending speed, the cross-sectional area of upwelling stream and the upwelling's flow rate are all increase firstly and then decreases while the height from the heating source increases. But the position of maximum value for characteristic ascending speed is much lower than the other two parameters. The drop of ambient temperature is not favorable for the production of upwelling. A flow rate as high as 95.9 cm 3 /s was reached in studied cases in this paper.


Document writing between Mainland China and Taiwan has converged in many ways because of having the same source of history and culture,such as writing style,format inscape,processing,writing requirements and so on.However,as a result of the influences of history and reality,there also exist some differences as follows: context and style,serviceable range,document function,procedure and language.With the deepening of politics,economy,technologies and cultural exchange,both will make up for each other's deficiencies to be gradually assimilated.


News offshore Norway last year was not all good. Exploration drilling dropped and there were no sizable new discoveries. On the other band, more licenses were issued last year tha in any year prior.


The Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor, collected from California almond orchards during 1984 and 1985, was tested with cyhexatin and fenbutatin-oxide to determine whether resistance (R) to these acaricides was present. A cyhexatin resistant colony was selected in the greenhouse with cyhexatin for 15 mo to obtain a pure colony for genetic analysis. Mode-of-inheritance data were consistent with a model in which cyhexatin resistance in this colony is primarily determined by a major semirecessive gene. A flowable formulation of cyhexatin was more toxic to both R and susceptible (S) strains than was the wettable powder formulation. Larvae of the R and 5 strains exhibited survival rates similar to those of adults. Concentration/mortality lines for both fenbutatin-oxide and cyhexatin were obtained for both R and S strains; results were consistent with the hypothesis that cyhexatin resistance confers fenbutatin-oxide resistance in this population. Greenhouse populations held for 9 mo without selection with cyhexatin retained their original resistance levels, as indicated by the percent survival of colonies initiated from RR, SR, RS, and SS females. Negative fitness did not appear to be associated with the resistance allele under these conditions.


Running a college by moral education is the embodiment of an important thought that colleges carry out administering our country by moral education.Carrying out running a college by moral education,we must understand its intension and extention in theory,which mainly including leader system,entity,nucleus,difficulty,cardinal destination etc.


Geothermal resources are a new type of clean energy which will become a vital part of post-petroleum era.In the context of energy crisis and worsening environmental pollution,it has strategic meaning to speed up the development and utilization of geothermal resources,but there are some problems such as inefficiency and environmental impact.The main reason lies in the absence of governmental duties,which can be improved by clarifying governmental duties in geothermal resources,optimizing legislation,enhancing administration,guaranteeing public involvement,using administrative monopolization with discretion,and polishing administrative responsibilities.This can achieve a sustainable use of geothermal resources and ensure the security of national energy.


We refer to this conventional type of complementary pair as a Type-I pair and, in this paper, investigate two variants of the complementary pair, namely TypeII and Type-III complementary pairs. Type-I complementary pairs are attractive because the sum of their aperiodic autocorrelations, λAB , has zero sidelobes, i.e. λAB(z) has no dependence on z. This means that the Fourier transform of λAB is completely flat, as λAB(e) = c, a non-negative real constant, for e ∈ C, |e| = 1. In this paper, we only consider sequences A and B with elements from the alphabet {1,−1}, i.e. bipolar sequences. Bipolar complementary sequence pairs of Type-I are only known to exist at lengths 21026, for any non-negative integers a, b, c, although it is not yet known what happens above length 99 [1]. Moreover Type-I pairs must be of even length [8] and have


Purpose: To analyze the international and national legal and normative devices regarding the management of pharmaceutical products and their post-consumption waste. To guide this review, the following question was posed: what is the national and international evidence on the management of pharmaceutical products and their post-consumption waste?

Method/design/approach: Descriptive review consisting of an investigation of technical and normative documents. To this end, representative countries of the European Union, North America, and South America were included in this review.

Results and conclusion: They were found to be: (1) the European Union model, which is characterized in a general framework for all Member States; (2) the North American model, where most countries are not subject to a common regulatory framework; (3) the South American model, where most countries have legal provisions implemented at the national level. Thus, it is inferred that the countries analyzed have regulations, even if in different spheres of government.

Research implications: The contributions point to the knowledge of the legislations, provoking questioning about the way they are being executed and the concretization of these changes.

Originality/value: The development of this research allows us to know the history of the legislations and have a broader and more critical view of the theme, so that measures can be taken to mitigate and remediate the impacts.


Background: We evaluated the efficacy of medical treatment on thiol–disulfide balance despite ongoing allergic stimulation. Methods: The research design was a prospective observational study that included 35 persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. All patients who were diagnosed with persistent AR were included. A skin prick test was applied to all patients, and the Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 was used to evaluate sinonasal symptoms. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis balance parameters were measured using a novel automatic and spectrophotometric method and compared statistically. Serum total thiol (TT), native thiol (SH), disulphide (SS), disulphide/native thiol (SS/SH), disulphide/total thiol (SS/TT), and native thiol/total thiol (SH/TT) ratios were measured after the second month of the treatment. Results: The 35 patients included 20 (58%) females and 15 (42%) males. The mean age of the patients was 33.17 ± 9.9 years. Disulphide, SS/SH, and SS/TT ratios decreased significantly after the treatment (P < .05), while SH and SH/TT increased significantly (P < .05). The mean SH measurement increased significantly in the second month (P = .001), but TT mean measurements showed no difference after the treatment (P = .058). The mean SS measurements, on the other hand, decreased significantly in the second month (P = .003). Conclusion: Thiol/disulfide homeostasis may be used as a marker to evaluate the efficacy of persistent AR treatments. After the treatment, the increase in SH levels suggested the decrease in oxidative stress, even though allergen exposure continued.


The current paper considers one of the most under-researched topics in contemporary psychological and social studies. The corresponding paragraphs of the paper are addressing the positive and negative trends demonstrated by the child welfare system functioning in Norway. Specific emphasis is put on the foster care system currently functioning in Norway along with its current problems. It is specifically mentioned that not all the children in need of alternative placement are receiving it along with the fact that the significant amount of children and young people with mental disorders including the variety of post-traumatic syndromes are receiving sufficient level of care and assistance from both residential care facilities and foster families. Thus, the current article provides a review of 15 scholarly articles and publications related to the problems of foster care in Norway and specifically its incapability to sufficiently address the needs of children with previous experiences of mistreatment. Having analyzed and summarized them, the author of the article draws conclusions and recommendations for potential implementation by the Norwegian authorities to improve the foster care received by the children in need.


Rice is one of the most important staple food crop providing 35-60% of the calories to 2.7 billion people across the world. Drought stress is a serious limiting factor for rice production and yield stability across rainfed rice cultivation areas. Here we have carried out comparative genetic mapping in rice and sorghum using rice ESTs, generated from drought stressed rice seedlings of Nagina 22. ESTs are very much useful for the development of functional based markers. These EST-RFLPs were used to screen the polymorphism in selected cereals include 17 genotypes that have been used in making mapping population mainly DHLs and RILs used for drought tolerance breeding programmes across world. Of the targeted 67 putative candidate genes (EST-RFLP) of stress response and other genomic clones, 31 were mapped on to rice and 25 onto sorghum maps. Chromosomal synteny for the regions carrying these markers in rice and sorghum genomes was determined. Consensus markers that can potentially be used for identification of stress response-associated QTLs in rice and sorghum were identified.


Background:
 Despite the known increased risk of stroke occurrence due to substance use (SU), few studies focus on understanding this vulnerable population beyond incidence. The objective of this study was to examine patient characteristics and clinical outcomes among those admitted for stroke with documented substance use.

 Methods:
 Data included patients 18 years or older, discharged from two Portland, Oregon hospitals between October 2017 - May 2019 with a stroke diagnosis and documented abuse of alcohol (EtOH), cannabis (CB), methamphetamine (MA), opiates, cocaine, benzodiazepines, or Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Patients with SU of the three most common substances in this population, EtOH, MA and CB, were each compared to patients with any other type of SU with regard to demographics, risk factors, stroke subtypes, stroke treatment, discharge disposition and length of stay (LOS). Non parametric median tests and Pearson's chi square tests were used.

 Results:
 Among 280 patients included, 79.3% (n=222) used EtOH, 26.8% (n=75) CB, and 24.6% (n=69) MA, with 38.7% (n=108) using more than one. Compared to patients with other SU, a greater percentage of patients with EtOH SU had dyslipidemia (56.8% vs. 31%, p=0.044). Fewer patients with EtOH SU smoked (50.0% vs 70.7%, p=0.008), were female (31.8% vs 50%, p=0.014) and received EVT (3.6% vs 12.7%. p=0.026). Patients with MA SU were younger (55 vs 63, p<.001), had a longer LOS (6 vs 4 days, p=0.022), more smoked (72.5% vs 48.3%, p=.001) and fewer had dyslipidemia (30.4% vs 47.9%, p=0.017) or depression (17.4% vs 31.8%, p=0.032). Fewer also arrived by EMS (28.8% vs. 43.1%) but more arrived by transfer (54.6% vs 33.2%) (p=0.008). Additionally, fewer patients with MA SU were admitted with ischemic stroke (66.7% vs 78.7%), but more with subarachnoid hemorrhage (14.5% vs 4.7%) (p=0.018). Only smoking (66.7% vs 49.8%, p=0.017) was significantly different between patients with CB SU and other SU groups.

 Conclusion:
 The findings of this study indicate care processes and stroke diagnosis differ among patients by specific type of SU. Strategies to address the specific care needs of patients with stroke and substance use should be explored.


th meeting of the Industry Applications Society for Oakland East Bay Section will feature a talk entitled "Application of Thermal Mass Flow Meters and Switches". The speaker will be Craig Johnson of Clipper Controls.


The invention relates to a universal anatomical locking bone fracture plate for the inner side of the acetabulum and matched apparatuses of the universal anatomical locking bone fracture plate. The universal anatomical locking bone fracture plate comprises a left bone fracture plate body and a right bone fracture plate body which are in mirror arrangement, wherein the right bone fracture plate body is an integrated piece and comprises a horizontal plate body and a vertical plate body which are arranged in a T shape, and a through hole is formed in the vertical plate body along the length direction of the vertical plate body; a porous channel of a screw hole in the horizontal plate body downwards inclines along the free end of the horizontal plate body; the bone fracture plate is further provided with a stress bridge structure, an automatic resetting hole, and a temporary positioning hole for temporarily fixing a kirschner wire; the invention further provides a locking sleeve, a screw placing sleeve and clamping forceps which are matched with the bone fracture plate; the right bone fracture plate body is good in resetting, firm in fixing, and is beneficial for accurately fixing fracture, shaping or shearing is not needed, and the clamping forceps can prevent the surface of the right bone fracture plate body from being scratched, and prevent the right bone fracture plate body from falling into the wound during the placement process, so that the right bone fracture plate body is placed in the correct position, and the bone fracture plate is stable in position without sliding when a screw is screwed inside.


This paper describes the propagation of trajectories by the application of the preprocessor ATOMCC which uses Taylor's series to solve initial value problems in ordinary differential equations. Comparison of the results obtained with those from other methods are presented. The current studies indicate that the ATOMCC preprocessor is an easy, yet fast and accurate method for generating trajectories. Nomenclature


Responses oftethered cells ofEscherichia coil toimpulse, step, exponential-ramp orexponentiated sine-wave stimuli areinternally consistent, provided thatallowance is madeforthenonlinear effect ofthresholds. Thisresult con- firms that wild-type cells exposed tostimuli inthephysiological range makeshort-term temporal comparisons extending 4sec into thepast: thepast second isgiven apositive weighting, the previous 3secaregiven anegative weighting, andthecells respond tothedifference. cheRcheB mutants (defective in methylation anddemethylation) weight thepastsecond ina mannersimilar tothewildtype, buttheydonotmake short-term temporal comparisons. Whenexposed tosmall steps delivered iontophoretically, they fail toadapt over periods ofup to12sec; whenexposed tolonger steps inaflowcell, they partially adapt, butwith adecay time of>30sec. cheZmutants useaweighting that extends atleast 40secinto thepast. The gain ofthechemotactic system islarge: thechange inoccupancy ofonereceptor molecule produces asignificant response. Flagellated bacteria, suchasEscherichia coli, possess a stimulus-response


We aimed to identify novel molecular prognostic markers to better predict relapse risk estimate for children with high-risk (HR) metastatic neuroblastoma (NB). We performed genome- and/or transcriptome-wide analyses of 129 stage 4 HR NBs. Children older than 1 year of age were categorized as "short survivors" (dead of disease within 5 years from diagnosis) and "long survivors" (alive with an overall survival time ≥ 5 years). We reported that patients with less than three segmental copy number aberrations in their tumor represent a molecularly defined subgroup with a high survival probability within the current HR group of patients. The complex genomic pattern is a prognostic marker independent of NB-associated chromosomal aberrations, i.e., MYCN amplification, 1p and 11q losses, and 17q gain. Integrative analysis of genomic and expression signatures demonstrated that fatal outcome is mainly associated with loss of cell cycle control and deregulation of Rho guanosine triphosphates (GTPases) functioning in neuritogenesis. Tumors with MYCN amplification show a lower chromosome instability compared


[Objective]To study the acute toxicity and mutagenicity of Fritillaria cirrhosa in mice through acute toxicity test and micronucleus test. [Method] The physiological reaction and changes of sign were recorded for one week after the mice were given the maximum dosage of Fritillaria cirrhosa. Autopsy and blood tests were done to test acute toxicity of Fritillaria cirrhosa extract in mice. Micronucleus test was done to test mutagenicity of Fritillaria cirrhosa extract in polychromatophil cells. [Result] The mice had not abnormal response and pathological changes of internal organs. The weight and blood indexes were normal compared to the control group in the maximum dosage( 90 000mg / kg). Micronucleus test was the negative reaction. [Conclusion] Fritillaria cirrhosa extract did not show the acute toxicity and mutagenicity,which is safe in veterinary clinical treatment.


An elaborate overview of the various approaches which are used for fabric defect detection defect classification and hardware platform dealing with fabric images are presented.The algorithms used to extract the characteristics of textile texture are discussed. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms, a novel thought about algorithm is given.Dividing fabric defect detection system into two stages:simple detect and detailed detect,which has the characteristics of quickness and adaptability.


Aiming at the problems of simple fusion of spatio-temporal saliency and ignoring temporal saliency in moving target detection based on saliency,a detection method based on the mechanism of visual attention was put forward.In this algorithm,spatial salient map was calculated by spatial characters extracted from image,and the temporal salient map was built by using kernel density estimation.To form the spatio-temporal salient map,we fused the spatial and temporal salient maps with the spatial and temporal saliency's weights.Finally,the moving target can be found.Experimental results show that this method can accurately and quickly detect moving target,reduce the computing time and improve the detecting target accuracy.


Birth of Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence brings a bright spot for women who are vulnerable to becoming victims of acts of Domestic Violence. The problem of Domestic Violence (KDRT) is no longer a private problem but a public problem. The absence of laws protecting victims of violence can no longer be used as an excuse for the high number of cases of violence against women. Even the birth of this law regulates specifically the cooperation of several parties to provide legal protection/victims. Protection of victims also means protection of human rights. Domestic Violence is also an act that violates Human Rights. Victims of Domestic Violence need protection and assistance. Apart from the state, one of the parties that can provide protection for victims of domestic violence is a social institution whose struggle is specifically for women. In the Government's efforts to provide legal protection and the role of social institutions in providing legal protection, the factors that play a role in providing legal protection are the main issues discussed in this thesis. Domestic Violence is an act that can traumatize the victim as well as physical violence. Therefore in Law no. 23 of 2004 is expected to be a tool that can stop the culture of violence that exists in society. Women as the first and foremost educators in a family, for this reason, are expected to be able to develop values of compassion, equality and equality, caring for one another. The conclusion of this study is that there have been too many incidents of Domestic Violence, for this reason Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning Domestic Violence was made. In the contents of Article 4 Paragraph (1) of the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence Any person who commits acts of physical violence in the household as referred to in Article 5 letter a shall be subject to imprisonment for five years or a fine of up to Rp. 15,000,000


The Longshan Rock Group, a metamorphosed basement rock series developed in the Longshan area, is very similar to the Qinling Rock Group occurring in North Qinling orogenic zone in rock composition, pretolith formation, lithochemistry, geochemistry, metamorphism and tectonic setting. They are ascribed to an identical tectonic belt, which was reformed into current shape by later tectonism.


method should be available. Sometimes, an evaluation method must be developed before breeding for that objective can become routine. The most common approach to breeding these crops is sometimes called "complementary hybridization." Poehlman (1987) presents a brief outline, and Simmonds (1979) discusses additional information. The parent clones of each cross are chosen such that the weaknesses of one are matched by the strengths of the other, with the hope that a few of their offspring will have the strengths of both parents and none of the weaknesses. Because the parent clones are highly heterozygous, tremendous segregation is apparent in the seedling population. The challenge then is to identify from among the thousands of seedlings the few that have potential as new cultivars. Evaluation typically is stepwise, with the number of selected genotypes decreasing in each step while the number of vegetatively propagated plants of each increases. In the first step, selection is based on the performance of the original seedling plant and is limited to highly heritable traits that can be evaluated quickly and inexpensively. In the second phase of evaluation, a small unreplicated trial is used to study the performance of selections more carefully. Typically, 10 plants of each selection are included. In the third stage of evaluation, advanced selections are grown in a replicated trial and compared to standard cultivars. Often,


The invention relates to an injection valve (1), in particular for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising a valve housing (10) from which an inlet stub (14) having an inlet region (15) protrudes into a fluid inlet chamber (13) formed by the valve housing (10) together with a connection cap (12) that surrounds the valve housing (10) in the circumferential direction, wherein there is a flow path (18, 29) between the inlet stub (14) and the connection cap (12) as viewed in the radial direction, which flow path is closed by means of a sealing element (19, 30) that surrounds the inlet stub (14). According to the invention, the sealing element (19, 30) is in permanent sealing contact with the valve housing (10).


This paper demonstrates the application of linear-quadratic-Gaussian/ loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) techniques to the active control of a flexible spaceborne optical support structure. LQG compensators are designed for three actuator/ sensor placements on the structure in the context of an 18-mode reduced-order structural model. The state-feedback (LQ) portion of each design meets stringent line-of-sight performance requirements in the face of two wide-band disturbances impinging on the structure. Conditions on the open-loop transfer matrix, broken at the plant input, are stated which make more robust the response of the LQG designs to the 132 high-frequency elastic modes excluded from the design model. Through loop transfer recovery, with LQ dynamics as the goal, closed-loop stability in the presence of all 150 elastic modes is maintained for two of the actuator/sensor selections. Difficulties in achieving performance robustness are noted.


e20609 Background: ACSS2 catalyzes the ligation of acetate with Co-enzyme A to generate Acetyl-CoA. Selection to an acetate dependent state has been demonstrated and is associated with the induction of ACSS2 gene expression in certain human cancers. The ACSS2 gene is amplified in human breast cancers, and its expression is up-regulated in human colorectal, breast, ovarian and lung cancers. MTB-9655 is a potent (IC50 = 0.15nM in biochemical, and EC50 = 3nM in cellular assays) oral inhibitor of ACSS2 and induces anti-tumor effects in xenograft mouse models of human colorectal, breast and lung cancers that express high levels of ACSS2. Methods: Using a combined accelerated (single patient for the first two dose levels) and 3+3 dose escalation and dose expansion design, MTB-9655 was administered on a once daily (QD) schedule in 21-day cycles in a Phase 1 trial to assess safety, tolerability, PK and potential anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors. Re-staging was performed every 2 cycles. Results: To-date, 10 subjects have received MTB-9655 at doses up to 225mg. MTB-9655 was absorbed rapidly post oral dosing with a half-life of 6-12 hours. Dose proportional exposure was observed on day 1 of the first dosing cycle, and steady-state exposure was noted between day 8 and day 1 of the second dosing cycle. Dose limiting toxicities or Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) have not been observed up to the 225mg dose level. The most common AE was nausea (29%). Low grade increase in bilirubin levels was observed in 1 patient at 225mg dose, without changes in other liver enzyme levels. Increased bilirubin levels were readily reversed with dose interruption. As MTB-9655 is a 729nM inhibitor of the UGT1A1 enzyme, the increase in bilirubin levels is likely attributed to off-target UGT1A1 inhibitory activity. Conclusions: MTB-9655 has been well tolerated, and the safety profile was predictable based on preclinical studies in rodents and non-human primates. Dose proportional plasma drug levels were observed and predicted to have reached biologically active levels. Expected increase in bilirubin levels was observed in 1 patient, which may be used as a marker of significant drug exposure. MTD has not reached up to the 225mg dose and the dose escalation is continuing. Development of MTB-9655 is planned as a single agent, and based on animal model studies, in combination with standard of care platinum-based agents and gemcitabine. Clinical trial information: NCT04990739.


After a review of the criteria for a suitable size-selective monitoring instrument, the dichotomous virtual impactor and the cyclone were selected for evaluation. A cyclone was designed with a 50% cutoff of 3.5 micrometers at 15 l/min. The cyclone and the Sierra Model 243 dichotomous virtual impactor were tested extensively with monodisperse aerosol including both solid and liquid particles. Detailed measurements were made of particle deposition in the samplers as a function of particle size and air flow rate. Wall losses, reentrainment and uniformity of filter deposits were determined. The results of the tests show that both samplers are satisfactory for monitoring purposes.


Based on current situation of sod production in Xingqiao, Yongkang, Zhejiang province, problems existing in the production were put forward. Countermeasures were proposed for better economic benefit and sustainable development of sod prodution in Xingqiao.


A high-speed XOR gate is described, which is well suited for several applications. The circuit was fabricated with a 1.25μm double-polysilicon bipolar technology. It operates up to at least 8 Gbit/s, which is by far the highest operating speed reported so far for bipolar XOR gates.


Modification of sludge solid waste regional water company (PDAM) Pontianak with alginate for the application of slow-release urea fertilizer. Characterization of materials was performed with Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis of the FTIR spectrum obtained showed that the characteristics of the absorption band at wavelengths of 3639.89 cm-1 and 3690.9 cm-1 are characteristic of the vibration of NH2 stretching asymmetric and symmetric derived from the presence of urea. Nitrogen release tests on mud PDAM-alginate composites with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% for 72 consecutive hours of 12,80%, 19,33%, 4,00%, 8,39% and 6,20%. This shows that urea encapsulated mud PDAM-alginate at a concentration of 30% is the composition with the best results in holding urea encapsulated.


The Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) band (5.85-5.925 GHz) allocated for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication provides limited opportunities for high speed data transfer. Alternatively, high speed communication of at least 1Gbps is possible in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands. To overcome the propagation losses associated with mmwave frequencies, high gain radio architectures are required. In this paper, we present a novel dual-band V2V receiver architecture for both DSRC and 28GHz communications. For each band, we optimized antenna gain and number of elements to maximize range and data rate. For simplicity, free space path loss model was used for link budget estimation. Results show that an antenna array of at least 9×9 element is required to achieve a maximum data rate of 27Mbps at 5.9GHz and a range of 867m. At 28GHz, the same 9×9 dual band array is capable of transmitting high speed signals at a rate of 1Gbps with coverage of 688m.


The "Manoscritti datati d'ltalia" series is covering an increasing number of manuscript collections in Italian libraries and provides the opportunity to examine different typologies of scribal subscriptions. The scribe can be a professional worker, or a notary, or amateur, or the author himself; sometimes he offers information on his age, health or social status. The colophon may mention the MS commissioner, the date and place of execution, how long the work lasted and other circumstances. The colophon may include a request for prayers or for money, cryptograms, verses, old topoi. In university texts a large number of scribes with foreign names testifies to the many transalpini, who were active in Italy.


Summary form only given. Rate coefficients for the elementary reaction of hydroxyl (OH) radicals with a series of selected hydrogen containing chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) over an extended temperature range are reported. Measurements were performed using a laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence technique.


In this paper, a modified control strategy of Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) for the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) is proposed to solve the problem that the actual stator current cannot quickly track the given Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) current due to the integration saturation of the current regulator caused by sudden changes in load torque. The FCS-MPC controller is used to replace the PI current regulator, to obtain a more accurate voltage vector and achieve real-time dynamic tracking of the IPMSM MTPA target trajectory. The cost function of FCS-MPC control strategy is designed multi-objective combination to meet such requirements: torque tracking, MTPA current tracking and limitation of the maximum current. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can track the MTPA given current and torque in real time during load torque sudden changes.


This paper presents a magnetic microrobot that demonstrates the ability to travel through wet conditions inside a murine colon. Under the influence of an external rotating magnetic field, it tumbles end-over-end to propel itself forward. The microrobot's real-time position can be accurately tracked using ultrasound imaging to help guide it to a desired target location. Diffusion tests were conducted and show that the microrobot releases a fluorescein payload over a two hour time period when it is applied as a coating. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that the microrobot's SU-8 body doped with magnetic NdFeB particles is also biocompatible with murine fibroblasts. The microrobot's capabilities make it promising for targeted drug delivery and other in vivo biomedical applications.


The present invention generally contain as the main component figwort (Scrophularia buergeriana Miq.) Extract as an active component and containing more baekbokryeong (Poria cocos Wolf) extract on the external composition for skin moisturizing the purpose of improving the drying symptoms of the skin, No It is characterized in that the Scrophulariaceae, baekbokryeong containing Scrophulariaceae, baekbokryeong extract extracted by using water, ethanol, methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate or butanol as an effective component. Scrophulariaceae extract, baekbokryeong extract, moisturizing, PPAR-α (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-alpha), keratinocyte differentiation, ceramide, natural moisturizing factor, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis


In order to study the initial damage effects of red sandstone,a microscopic damage uniaxial compression test is carried out and micro-cracks evolution in multi-direction observed at the same time.The gray images of cracking of specimen with different water content are analyzed by digital image technique in dynamic deformation process,and the relationships of crack area ratio,strain,and water content are also obtained.By discussing the intrinsic relation between crack area ratio and damage variable,the formula about damage variable value changing with water content can be gained to appraise quantitatively the initial damage degree of red sandstone with different water content.The result indicates that initial damage effects of red sandstone are great and increase with the logarithmic curve of the water content.It is necessary to take initial damage effects into account when studying the characteristics of rock damage.


Introduction 1: General Legal Framework 1945-2001: The UN Charter Paradigm and the Jus ad Bellum I. The Prohibition of the Use of Force II. The Use of Force in Self-Defence A. Anticipatory Self-Defence B. The Definition of 'Armed Attack' and Self-Defence against Non-State Actors III. Security Council Authorisation 2: Military Action Against Afghanistan, 2001: Operation Enduring Freedom I. Was there an Armed Attack on the United States? II. Was the Response Necessary? A. Was the Attack Over? B. Was the State of Afghanistan a Legitimate Target? III. Was the Response Proportionate? 3: Military Action Against Iraq, 2003: Operation Iraqi Freedom I. Was the Action Taken in Self-Defence? II. Was the Action Authorised by the Security Council? A. Was Military Action Authorised by Resolution 1441? B. Was Military Action Authorised as a Lawful Response to the Violation of the Ceasefire Agreement? 4: Reappraising the Resort to Force? Jus ad Bellum in the Post-9/11 World I. International Court of Justice Jurisprudence A. The Oil Platforms Case B. The Palestinian Wall Advisory Opinion C. The Armed Activities Case II. State Practice A. Israeli Military Operations in Lebanon and Syria B. Russian Military Operations in Georgia C. Ethiopian Military Operations in Somalia III. A Reappraisal


Aerospace production volumes have increased over time and robotic solutions have been progressively introduced in the aeronautic assembly lines to achieve high-quality standards, high production rates, flexibility and cost reduction. Robotic workcells are sometimes characterized by robots mounted on slides to increase the robot workspace. The slide introduces an additional degree of freedom, making the system kinematically redundant, but this feature is rarely used to enhance performances. The paper proposes a new concept in trajectory planning, that exploits the redundancy to satisfy additional requirements. A dynamic programming technique is adopted, which computes optimized trajectories, minimizing or maximizing the performance indices of interest. The use case is defined on the LABOR (Lean robotized AssemBly and cOntrol of composite aeRostructures) project which adopts two cooperating six-axis robots mounted on linear axes to perform assembly operations on fuselage panels. Considering the needs of this workcell, unnecessary robot movements are minimized to increase safety, the mechanical stiffness is maximized to increase stability during the drilling operations, collisions are avoided, while joint limits and the available planning time are respected. Experiments are performed in a simulation environment, where the optimal trajectories are executed, highlighting the resulting performances and improvements with respect to non-optimized solutions.


Abstract Conducting research on Israel's settlement project has become increasingly difficult throughout the past decade due to restrictions on public access to both the field and archives, including those of contemporary planning data. Meanwhile, scholars and activists have
 continued to document the spatial implications of settlements by diversifying their methods, including using architecture as forensic evidence of political aggression. In response, those who regulate access to archives and the field have focused on obfuscating information that could corroborate
 the illegality of settlements. This has led to a cyclical process in which the exposure of information and data has prompted the creation of further barriers to the field. Deep gaps in formal, authoritative data require methodological creativity and flexibility, such as reading the built environment
 itself as a primary source. Borrowing from Roland Barthes, this article points to the transgressive potential of architecture as a punctum, a point that opens research to multiple interpretations and helps researchers circumvent restrictions imposed by those regulating access to primary material.
 In this case study, we show how limited access to archival data has led researchers to study pre-approved settlement planning documents and settler-produced documentary clips, interweaving field and archive in meaningful ways. We argue that, by taking such an approach, researchers may transcend
 not only issues of access, but also traditional boundaries of disciplines.


Short moulding cycles must be attained by optimisation of moulded parts and moulds on paper during the design stage, rather than in steel in the workshop. The article descibes how a program system can be designed optimally for the products of a particular company, wherein formal system properties and computational accuracy are both utilized in making comparisons


The authors successfully transmit 34 10 Gbit/s RZ signals over 8,514 km. The use of gain equalisation with a broad optical bandwidth of 23 nm and a higher-order dispersion-managed line are found to enable large capacity WDM transmission.


Background:  Assessment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) clarithromycin resistance has rarely been performed routinely despite an increasing resistance rate. Our aim was to develop and evaluate the use of dual‐priming oligonucleotide (DPO)‐based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene responsible for clarithromycin resistance of H. pylori.


Objective:To find the measurement uncertainty of determination nickel in filter membrance.Methods:The main sources of the combined uncertainty were considered,such as stand solution uncertainty,stand curve uncertainty,uncertainty induce by repeatablity of measurements.The components of uncertainty and the combined uncertainty were calculated.Results:The concentration of the nickel in filter membrance was 17.21μg calculated according to mathematical model established in the present study,expanded uncertainty was 0.55μg,and the expression of the uncertainty was(17.12±0.55)μg.Conclusion:This method can be used for evaluation of uncertainty of determinatiion of nickel in filter membrance by FASS.


We show that discrete lattice effects must be considered in the introduction of a force into the lattice Boltzmann equation. A representation of the forcing term is then proposed. With the representation, the Navier-Stokes equation is derived from the lattice Boltzmann equation through the Chapman-Enskog expansion. Several other existing force treatments are also examined.


A large literature has focused on estimating the returns to schooling and has typically done so by incorporating institutional heterogeneity in quality along merely one dimension (such as average SAT scores). Using longitudinal survey data of registrants for the GMAT exam and school level information from other sources, we create, in the context of graduate management education, multiple indices of school quality, and estimate the effect of these quality measures on multiple indicators of career success. In particular, we create quality measures of MBA programs based on: (1) institutional and curricular factors, (2) characteristics of the student body, and (3) characteristics of the faculty. We create aggregate quality indices by combining individual proxies using factor analysis. We also extend the literature by considering the effects of quality on both earnings and non-monetary outcomes: attainment of managerial goals relative to initial individual expectations, self-assessed skill gains, and various measures of job satisfaction. We include several unique individual control variables, and further control for unobserved heterogeneity through the use of instrumental variables and individual fixed effects. Results indicate that the quality of peers matters most for earnings, especially for OLS estimates. When individual fixed effects are included, estimates of quality premiums diminish somewhat, emphasizing the importance of controlling for selection into programs of varying quality. School quality is also an important predictor of several non-pecuniary outcomes.


Speech intelligibility declines at high intensities for both normally hearing and hearing impaired listeners. However, it appears that this rollover can be minimized and intelligibility preserved by reducing speech in high frequency regions to an array of noncontiguous bands having vertical filter slopes (i.e., rectangular bands) and widths substantially narrower than a critical band. Normally hearing listeners were presented with sentences consisting of a 500-Hz lowpass pedestal band and an array of ten 4% bands spaced at 1/3-octave intervals from 1000 Hz to 8000 Hz. The pedestal band was fixed at 70 dB and the subcritical-band array varied from 55 to 105 dB in peak level. Desired sub-ceiling intelligibility ranged from 80 to 89% and was statistically asymptotic for levels from 75 to 105 dB. The largest intelligibility difference across that range, found between 85 and 105 dB, was just 1.6%. For that same contrast in levels, Molis and Summers [ARLO 4, 124–128 (2003)] obtained a significant intelligibility loss of 26.7% for spectrally continuous highpass speech. It is suggested that subcritical-width bandpass filtering reduces rollover by limiting firing rate saturation to a subset of fibers comprising individual critical bands. Implications for hearing aid construction will be discussed. [Work supported by NIH.]


A novel AIE probe with ESIPT characteristics, myricetin, has been easily purified from vine tea for reversible, selective and sensitive targeting of O2˙- in turn-on mode. Its AIE nanocrystals exhibit large Stokes shift, high photostability, excellent biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity for endogenous O2˙- detection and imaging in vitro and in vivo.


Several ultrasound (US) risk stratification systems have been proposed for the assessment of thyroid nodules, and their performance was shown as good. However, the rate of nodules assessed at intermediate risk is not negligible and whether they should be submitted or not to further examination is still under debate. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in stratifying the risk of malignancy in these lesions.


The welding of shape-memory alloys is a challenge due to the fact that there are numerous compositions and because the properties are greatly influenced by the temperature. Of the multitude of shape-memory alloy systems, the most popular and widely used is the Ni-Ti system. Pulsed laser welding is a solution used for joining NiTi shape-memory alloys, having the advantage of localized heating and the possibility to adjust the welding parameters to obtain optimal properties. NiTi wires were welded using a 500W pulsed laser equipment by varying the current intensity. Thus, laser melted spots were made on a NiTi wire, changing only the value of current intensity in 20A increments in the range of 100-200A. The results analyzed by scanning electron microscopy showed, as expected, that as the current intensity increased, the spot size and the heat affected zone (HAZ) increased for each spot. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the martensitic transformation is still present in all samples, but with a decrease in peaks related to the phase transformation, as well as an increase of the temperature (8-12 °C), compared to the base material.


The paper reports the prediction of the ferrite grain size in the low carbon steel in course of continuous cooling of the austenite matrix. The constant cooling rate of 4 K.s-1 was used. The cooling interval was divided in the elementary temperature intervals in which the average rate of nucleation and the parabolic growth parameter were considered. The influence of the decrease of the nucleation rate with the successive austenite decomposition was taken into consideration under applied solution conditions. The summarized number of ferrite grains nucleated in given temperature intervals makes possible to determine the average size of ferrite grains for an initial austenite grain size. The very good agreement of the experimental results with the predicted ferrite grain size was found.


On March 18, 2006 an exhibition (TAKÁCS ed. 2006) opened at the Budapest Museum of Fine Arts, dedicated to Emperor and King Sigismund of the house of Luxemburg (b. Feb. 15, 1368 – King of Hungary, Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia 1378-1437 – Margrave of Brandenburg 1378 – crowned King of Hungary March 31, 1387 Roman King July 21, 1411 – crowned King of Bohemia July 28, 1420 – crowned Roman Emperor in Rome May 31, 1433 d. Znaim, Dec. 9, 1437). In July of the same year it was opened in Luxemburg, at the Musée national d'histoire et art, in a reduced version. Before this exhibition, a symposium was held in Luxemburg in 2005, as an introduction to the forthcoming exhibition (PAULY – REINERT eds. 2005). The authors of both papers presented at the symposium and of the exhibition catalogue have succeeded not only in bringing this ruler and his era closer to us, but also from a historical distance to present his character and deeds in an objective manner. The exhibition itself was excellent and well conceived.


Communication System is developed for Stock Trading Firm. Earlier, stock holder clients could get information related to stock market through traditional media. To get information about stock market, the stock holder could get updates from various television channels related to stock market. Since the internet has become more popular the updates could be taken from a stock marketing website. But this procedure of visiting a website or getting information from television channels is time consuming. Just to get updates about the stock market, these methods are inefficient and type of inflexible communication to take place. For this future generation, the next step to make it more convenient, transition using a mobile Application is the convenient 1 solution


Abstract : An exercise spacecraft position display model was built for the purpose of allowing a demonstration of the feasibility of various display designs and formats. Display designs and formats were subjected to an experimental evaluation to determine which of them could present the necessary information most effectively.


As integrated circuit technologies progress to nanoscale, process variations become relatively large and significantly impact circuit performance. The proactive management of process variation during the design process is critical to ensure effective device yield and to keep manufacturing costs down. In the present scenario, designers are searching for analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) architectures which are nanoscale CMOS processes tolerant. Expectations of the performance of ADCs are continuously increasing along with the progress of digital systems. A process and supply variation tolerant, System-on-Chip (SoC) ready, 1 GS/s, 6-bit flash ADC suitable for integration into nanoscale digital CMOS technologies is presented. The physical design of the ADC has been done using a generic 90 nm Salicide 1.2 V/2.5 V 1 Poly 9 Metal process design kit. Baseline post layout simulation results at nominal supply and threshold voltages are presented. The parasitic-extracted physical design of the ADC is then subjected to a corner-based methodology of process variation. The results show that process variation causes a maximum variation of 10.5% in the integral non-linearity (INL) and 5.7% in the differential non-linearity (DNL), with both INL and DNL being less than 0.5 LSB. The 90 nm ADC consumes a peak power of 5.794 mW and an average power of 3.875 mW. The comparators for the ADC have been designed using the threshold inverting technique. To show technology scalability of the design, the ADC has also been presented using a 45 nm Predictive Technology Models (PTM). At 45 nm, INL = 0.46 LSB, DNL = 0.7 LSB and a sampling rate of 100 MS/s were obtained. The 45 nm ADC consumes a peak power of 45.42 μW, and average power of 8.8 μW.


The use of learning strategies is universally encouraged, but there is a lack of specific and concrete examples. The CPC (Capacity, Pyramid, Chunking) Way of improving achievement is based on a specific learning/teaching strategy that can be used in all academic skills. It adjusts information acquisition to individual differences in learning capacity, style, and experience. The adjustment requires learners to process information in quantities that match their capacities, to organize the information in a hierarchical structure of key words (nouns and adjective-nouns), and to chunk them into a single meaningful whole for later uses. The CPC Way led to an average 6.15 point improvement in Stanford Achievement Test scores for 145 sixth graders. However, pre-CPC Way and post-CPC Way data were not collected for specific applications. To remedy this oversight, data were collected on spelling, definitions, and reading efficiency. The findings show improvement by highand middle-capacity students on all three skills; however, low-capacity students benefited only in definitions. Reasons for this failure are advanced, and remedies suggested. The findings are highly significant because they suggest that a single learning strategy can lead to improvements in these skills. Three appendixes contain spelling and definition examples and a reading assignment. (Contains 3 tables, 2 figures, and 31 references.) (Author/SLD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Cognitive Processing Strategy 1 Running head: COGNITIVE PROCESSING STRATEGY Effects of a Cognitive Processing Strategy on Spelling, Definitions, and Reading James M. Furukawa Barbara Ford Towson University


It is very important for carrying on the traditional Chinese culture and promoting national solidarity and strengthening the sense of affinity and centripetal force of the Chinese nation.The teaching of cultural courses should not only instruct the cultures of Han ethnic group and national minorities,but also combine ethical backgrounds of students.At the same time,the teaching of cultural courses should adopt multimedia means and practice visual artistic activity,in order to advance the didactical quality,exert adequately educational function,and serve ethical culture and education.


Uridine diphosphate glucuronate glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) activity was measured in
hepatic microsomes with 14 C-estrone and 17β- 14 C-estradiol as substrates. The apparent K m
values for the conjugation of estrone and estradiol by rat liver microsomes were 1.78 ±
0.56 x 10 -5 M and 2.53 ± 0.94 x 10 -5 M, respectively (mean of 20 determinations ±
SD). The conjugation of estrogens was inhibited by morphine, p -hydroxyamphetamine, SKF
525-A, and both the demethylated and hydroxylated metabolites of chlorpromazine. Phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, and 3,4-benzpyrene increased the conjugation of the estrogens
per g of liver but not the specific activity of UDPGT (nanomoles per mg of microsomal protein).
Pretreatment of rats with morphine, chlorpromazine, and amphetamine increased the specific
activity of the transferase for the conjugation of estrogens.


Contact deformation behaviour and mechanical properties of Si3N4/SiC nanocomposite were investigated by nanoindentation with spherical and Berkovich diamond indenters at low loads (1 – 300 mN) using depth sensing techniques. From the measurement of the tip displacement depending on the load and the tip geometry, the total and the remnant depth of penetration were found. Based on the results we were able to study elastic, yield and plastic behaviour. Using the method of partial unloading, the contact stress-strain curves, hardness, and modulus of elasticity were explored using spherical indenter tip. The values of hardness and modulus were compared to those obtained by simple loading-unloading tests made by a Berkovich indenter. The hardness values were also compared to those obtained using standard Vickers indentation.


Satellite observations have made a significant contribution to the scientific understanding of tropospheric composition. Together with ground-based and aircraft measurements, they provide a global long-term perspective as part of an integrated observing strategy. The data are both illustrative of specific events, pollution releases, fires, and the subsequent transport pathways for instance, and useful for quantitative studies such as improvements to source emission estimates through inverse modeling.


This study examines the relationships between student engagement in the first year of college and three desirable outcomes of undergraduate education. Student engagement is a domain of constructs that measures both the time and energy students devote to educationally purposeful activities and how students perceive different facets of the institutional environment that facilitate and support their learning. The three outcomes represent a portion of what is meant by success in the first year experience, namely obtaining good grades, acquiring intellectual skills that are important for future academic achievement and success in the professional world, and gaining knowledge of a general nature in step with the commonly embraced liberal arts mission of the general curriculum. The study is a secondary analysis of existing data utilizing two primary data sources: student responses to the fourth edition of the College Student Experiences Questionnaire and student records maintained by Indiana University Bloomington. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to model the complex relationships between the students' precollege characteristics, engagement behaviors and perceptions, and the outcome variables. The findings point to four conclusions: (a) different forms of engagement are precursors to different outcomes, (b) different forms of engagement interact to contribute to desired outcomes, (c) high expectations coupled with adequate support are requisite conditions for learning and development in the first college year, and (d) grades do not necessarily represent how much students believe they have learned. Implications for research, policy and practice are also offered.


Designs and statistics for assessing responsiveness of questionnaires in health-related quality of life research Most textbooks on assessment still focus on the measurement of stable personality traits. However, clinical disciplines like psychotherapy or rehabilitation sciences need assessments capable of measuring change. In health-related quality of life research this problem has attracted considerable attention. Different designs as well as different statistics, used for this purpose, are discussed in this essay. No single design or statistic seems to fulfill all requirements. Different statistics can produce different rank orders of sensitivity to change for competitive instruments, even if they are tested with the same intervention, the same design, and the same subjects. Nevertheless, trying to empirically scrutinize the responsiveness of a questionnaire is better than simply assuming it. In doubt, several statistics should be reported.


Organic farming systems, characterized by special attention to soil fertility, recycling techniques and low external inputs, gained increased significance in recent years. As a consequence, there is a growing demand for varieties adapted to organic and/or low input farming. In several studies modern varieties as well as landraces have been tested for their suitability for organic farming (OF), whereas special breeding programs aiming at genotypes optimized for this farming system are scarce. Comparing the testcross performance of unselected recombinant inbred lines derived from the widely used US hybrid B73 x Mo17 under conventional (CF) and organic farming systems, Lorenzana and Bernardo (2008) concluded that high yielding maize hybrids for OF can be developed by screening under CF. In contrast, Burger et al. (2008) found moderate phenotypic between OF and CF in unselected breeding material indicating strong genotype x farming system interactions. Apparently, specific yield associated characteristics are necessary to reach maximum performance under OF and CF, respectively. Such traits include early vigour, competitiveness to weeds, and high nitrogen use efficiency under OF on the one hand, and resistance to green snapping and early root lodging under CF on the other. Thus, selection under OF conditions might be needed to fully exploit the genetic potential of maize for this management system. This is in line with previous studies demonstrating that breeding maize for improved nitrogen use efficiency was more efficient under low nitrogen levels compared to indirect selection under high nitrogen conditions (Presterl et al. 2003). But organic farming conditions are very difficult to characterize since they strongly depend on factors like crop rotation, soil fertility, organic fertilizer input, weed, pest and disease pressure, making it challenging to choose a representative selection environment. The objectives of the present study were to (i) compare the testcross performance of segregating maize populations under established organic and conventional farming (CF) systems, (ii) determine quantitative genetic parameters decisive for the selection response under OF versus CF conditions, and (iii) draw conclusions for breeding new varieties optimally adapted to OF systems.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with diverse clinical manifestations and long-term outcomes. Organ damage (OD) is defined as a permanent loss or irreversible change of the normal function of an organ system because of a clinical manifestation of the disease. Cumulative OD in SLE implies irreversible damage, and it may be the result of many major factors. OD is principally assessed with a single validated tool: the SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI). The SDI is a proven tool to predict future mortality, and patients with higher levels of damage are at increased risk of death. Therefore, it is of the greatest importance to detect OD early in order to prevent progression, aiming to improve survival, function and health-related quality of life. OD does not appear to be the same in SLE patients around the world, and many factors may influence its development. Factors associated with damage include older age at SLE onset in adults, as well as very early onset in children. Longer exposure to a chronic inflammatory disease and drug therapy may explain why both of these factors predict damage in lupus cohorts. It is also clear that certain ethnic groups, including patients of African origins and Asian and Hispanic populations, are at higher risk for damage over time. The LUMINA cohort showed that compared to African Americans and Caucasians, Hispanics accrue damage more rapidly. Data from a large multi-ethnic, multinational Latin American SLE cohort (GLADEL) have demonstrated that regardless of their severity, the number of lupus flares that patients experience increased the risk of damage. On the other hand, in the same GLADEL cohort, remission decreased the risk of new and severe damage, and low disease activity status decreased the risk of new damage. Genetic susceptibility to damage and a more severe inflammatory clinical phenotype, as well as socioeconomic and cultural factors, may explain these differences. Regarding the disease itself, chronic disease activity, major flares and evidence of renal and neuropsychiatric involvement are predictors of future damage. Pre-existing damage also seems to be associated with future damage. Moreover, therapy exposure, particularly higher and/or longer periods of steroid exposure, also predicts future damage, and it may be associated with late complications such as cataracts and osteoporotic fractures. On the other hand, there is evidence that antimalarial treatment has been associated with lower SDI scores and significantly prolonged damage-free survival, as well as less damage accrual in lupus patients.


This paper presents a general methodology for picture segmentation using tools provided by mathematical morphology. This methodology is based on the marking of the objects to be segmented. The marking (using techniques which may differ according to the kind of picture to be analyzed) provides a " marker set" which is used to modify the gradient of the image. This modification using geodesic image reconstruction produces a new gradient image. The main characteristic of this modified gradient is that its minima exactly fit the various connected components of the " marker set" . In a second step a morphological transform called " watersheds" is performed on this gradient image. The watershed transform produces a partition of the image into homogeneous regions called " catchment basins" . Every catchment basin contains only one marker and its boundary corresponds to the pixels of the image where the contrast is locally maximum. Thus the transformed image exhibits the contours of the marked objects. Some examples illustrate the use of this process when objects marking is not too complex. Then we extend this method to situations where the marking step is not obvious and we show how the watershed transform together with the simplification of the image can provide efficient tools for detecting homogeneous regions in an image.


423 I am pleased to announce that the first impact factor (IF) of the Polish Archives of Internal Medicine (Pol Arch Med Wewn), the official journal of the Polish Society of Internal Medicine, will be announced in June 2012. The predicted IF 2011 of the journal exceeds 1.0, and I hope that the ac‐ tual value will be a nice surprise to all of you who support our efforts to make the Pol Arch Med Wewn the best clinical journal with the IF among the Polish clinical journals. In recent years, the Pol Arch Med Wewn, which is devoted to inter nal medicine in the broadest sense, has markedly reinforced its position. An in‐ creasing number of readers from several coun‐ tries gave the total number of 48,992 downloads from our open‐access website (www.pamw.pl) in the first 11 months of the year 2011 (figure).


Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.


The present investigation was conducted at Narendra Deva University of Agriculture &Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad (U.P), during winter 2008-09. The experiment was laid-out in split-plot design. The treatments consisted of four irrigation levels (I 1 -0.8 IW/CPE ratio, I 2 -1.0 IW/CPE ratio, I 3 -three irrigation at CRI, late jointing and milking stage and I 4 -five irrigations at CRI, maximum tillering, late jointing, flowering and milking stage) in main plot and four nutrient sources viz. , F 1 - 100% NPK through chemical fertilizers (120: 60: :40 kg NPK ha -1 ), F 2 -75%NPK + 25% nitrogen through FYM, F 3 -75% NPK + 25% nitrogen through bio-compost and F 4 -75%NPK + Azotobactor in sub plots. Results revealed that the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield increased significantly due to various moisture regimes and nutrient sources. The growth parameters, like plant height, number of shoot (m -2 ), leaf area index, dry matter accumulation (g/m -2 ) were increased significantly under 5 irrigations with 100% NPK through chemical fertilizers (120:60:40, kg NPK ha -1 ). The maximum grain yield was recorded with 100% NPK through chemical fertilizer i.e. 46.3 q/ha which was 7.34, 12.52, and 21.5% higher over 75%NPK + 25% nitrogen through bio-compost, 75%NPK + 25% nitrogen through FYM and 75% + 25% NPK + Azotobactor, respectively. All the yield attributes were significantly higher in the same treatment than 0.8, IW/CPE ratio and 3 irrigations at critical stages and at par with 1.0, IW/CPE ratio. Maximum water use efficiency (207.68 kg ha-cm -1 ) was at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio along with 100% NPK through chemical fertilizers (120:60:40, kg NPK ha -1 ).The maximum cost of cultivation (25,550 Rs ha -1 ), gross income (58,950 Rs ha -1 ), net income (33,400 Rs ha -1 ) and benefit: cost ratio (1.30) was obtained under 5 irrigations at CRI, maximum tillering, late jointing , flowering and milking stage along with 100% NPK through chemical fertilizers (120:60:40 kg ha -1 ) followed by cost of cultivation (25,030 Rs ha - 1 ), gross income (57,650 Rs ha -1 ), net return (32,620 Rs ha -1 ) and benefit: cost ratio (1.30 ) under irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio along with 100% NPK through chemical fertilizers (120:60:40 ha -1 ).


Editor,—The review by Skinner et al of the organisation of the paediatric MRCP (UK) part II examination1 gives insufficient recognition to the role of nurses, medical secretaries, and play therapists, who are at least as important as the registrar …


The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada will soon require all residency programs to provide Indigenous health and cultural safety training. Few programs are prepared or know what that training should include, according to medical educators at the recent Indigenous Health Conference in


Seeing the very important theme of literacy and the difficulty of teaching all children to read and write, along with the doubt of which is the best methodology to use, the evils of the most commonly used method - the phonic method - will be exposed, along with the indication and benefits of Élie Bajard's methodology, which was observed in the classroom during the PIBID program in which the authors participated. Thus, it will be able to prove that Bajard's proposal is essential and helps both the teacher and the student, and will be able to show the students who will start in Kindergarten that such methodology is essential.


This study focuses on the effects of spatial discounting and substitutes sites on the demand for ecosystem services (ES) provided by scattered agroecosystems. New ways of modelling these two effects are proposed, relying on area-based and density-based indices. Data from discrete choice experiments are used, based on a case study of Andalusian olive groves (southern Spain). The results show that model fit is significantly improved by the introduction of these spatial indices, with the best outcome found for the area-based index combined with the inverse of the distance. Results provide evidence of substantial spatial heterogeneity depending on the ES (carbon sequestration, soil conservation and biodiversity), indicating different economic jurisdictions.


One of the basic problem of the user on manual wheelchair is architectural barrier and overcoming obstacles by a wheelchair always remains as topic of discussion for many researchers. This project involves an Functional design and fabrication of an stair climbing functionality will be upgraded by changing its structure design and mechanism. The important parts of this product are Styrene Butadiene rubber belt, frame and driving mechanism climbing wheelchair for regular use by disabled people. The design of frame will be done by considering different type of load, different type of stresses on different positions. The main factor of wheelchair is laid on the angle of stair and centre of gravity of whole system. Understanding the various issues concerning the function of wheelchair and introduce a advance design that will be an help for the disabled people. From this project we hope to build an alternative wheelchair and their mechanism system for the needful users.


ABSTRACT Clinical "superbug" isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were previously observed to be resistant to several antibiotics, including polymyxin B, and/or to have a distinct, reproducible adaptive polymyxin resistance phenotype, identified by observing "skipped" wells (appearance of extra turbid wells) during broth microdilution testing. Here we report the complete assembled draft genome sequences of three such polymyxin resistant P. aeruginosa strains (9BR, 19BR, and 213BR).


Silicon based thin film alloys are deposited using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with silane, ammonia, and nitrous oxide as precursors with different partial pressure ratios. Numerous deposition conditions have been considered to produce films with a wide range of refractive indices. The optical properties of the films are mostly affected by hydrogen content and stoichiometry, which are characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) respectively. The results of spectroscopic ellipsometry measurement of the refractive index are correlated with stoichiometry extracted using XPS to enable the prediction of optical properties from process conditions. Based on the film characterization results, a graded index film is deposited to minimize the reflection loss. The optical properties of the film to be used as anti-reflection coating (ARC), i.e. the transmittance and reflectance, are measured using an optical spectrophotometer. In spite of the optical absorption in the high refractive index part of the film, it is shown that by employing a very thin layer of amorphous silicon, it is possible to reduce reflection below conventional graded index films consisting of silicon oxynitride, and still maintain the transmittance required for solar cell applications.


Temperature-dependent magnetotransport properties of the antiferromagnetic semiconductor Sr2IrO4 are investigated with point-contact devices. The point-contact technique allows to probe very small volumes and, therefore, to look for electronic transport on a microscopic scale. Point-contact measurements with single crystals of Sr2IrO4 were intended to see whether the additional local resistance associated with a small contact area between a sharpened Cu tip and the antiferromagnet shows magnetoresistance (MR) such as that seen in bulk crystals. Point-contact measurements at liquid nitrogen temperature revealed large MRs (up to 28%) for modest magnetic fields (250 mT) applied within an IrO2 (ab) plane with angular dependence showing a crossover from four-fold to two-fold symmetry with an increasing magnetic field. Point contact measurement exhibits distinctive anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) in comparison to a bulk experiment, imposing intriguing questions about the mechanism of AMR in this material. T...


Objective:To develop a liver-specific gene delivery system for one-shot gene therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Methods: A genetically modified hepatitis B virus (the pseudovirus vector) was used as a liver-specific gene delivery viral vector. The pseudovirus vector was constructed by sequentially knocking out the viral genes (X, C, P, and S) using PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis, and an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP) was inserted into this pseudovirus as a reporter. Meanwhile host cell lines ( helpers) expressing all the wide type HBV proteins were developed for the production of the pseudovirus. After the helpers were transfected with the pseudovirus vector, the conditioned media were analyzed for the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg by ELISA, and the pseudovirons by transmission electron microscopy and real-time PCR. The expression of EGFP was also examined by fluorescence microscopy. Results and Conclusion: After transfection with the pseudovirus, helper cells secreted the HBV pseudovirons ( confirmed by real-time PCR and transmission electron microscopy) ,HBsAg and HBeAg (by ELISA). The heterogeneous EGFP was expressed in the transfected helper cells.


In view of the present insufficiency of small and medium-sized enterprise workshop production physical distribution system,The paper finds the major problems of the Workshop production logistics,,through analyzing the Status Situation of the material flow system in an automobile rear bridge manufacturing plant,Using physical distribution and management information theories the workshop logistics information systerm was designed,thus carry out real-time distribution and effective management,it has very important practical significance for enterprises to improve production efficiency and economic benefit.


A principal objective of the pontificate of Pope John Paul II has been a return to the full ecclesiastical unity of the Eastern and Western Churches by means of a determined effort to eliminate all possible obstacles without in any way compromising the truth and holiness inherent in the Church. In the homily which he delivered in St. Peter's Basilica on the 29th of June 1995 in the presence of the Greek Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, he expressed the desire that "the traditional doctrine of the Filioque, present in the liturgical version of the Latin Credo," be clarified "in order to highlight its full harmony with what the Ecumenical Council of Constantinople of 381 confesses in its creed: the Father as the source of the whole Trinity, the one origin both of the Son and of the Holy Spirit." The Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, with the intent of producing this clarification called for by the Holy Father, and as a contribution to the dialogue undertaken by the Joint International Commission between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church, published in French a lengthy doctrinal note in September 1995. In its exposition the Council for Promoting Christian Unity 1


Scabby wheat, infected with the fungus, Fusarium graminearum and grading No.4, replaced varying percentages of grain in a typical sorghum grain-soybean meal growing-finishing ration. Four pigs eating the control ration made an average daily gain of 1.91 pounds per day and a feed efficiency of 3.44. When 25% of the sorghum grain was replaced by scabby wheat, average daily gain dropped to 1.71 pounds per day and feed efficiency was 3.29. Replacing 50% of the sorghum grain with scabby wheat reduced average daily gain to 1.56 pounds with a feed efficiency of 2.99. Higher percentages of scabby wheat reduced feed intake drastically. The 25% scabby wheat ration contained 0.75 ppm of vomitoxin and the 50% ration contained 2.07 ppm (ration analysis values). All pigs eating rations containing scabby wheat appeared to drink excessive amounts of water.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982


ABSTRACT Energy consumption plays a crucial role in achieving the three pillars of the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, the increasing impact of energy use in the development of North Africa motivates the authors to examine its direct impact on environmental degradation. Thus, the key objective of this investigation is to analyze the imperative impact of energy consumption on environmental degradation within the framework of urbanization and economic globalization. A fundamental hypothesis of the study includes that energy consumption and urbanization positively affect environmental degradation. The investigation employed the Cross-Sectional – Autoregressive Distributed Lag model and found that energy consumption significantly increases environmental degradation. However, economic globalization decreases environmental degradation. Moreover, urbanization showed inconsequential findings, but the study found that African countries hold the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality model verifies the causality effect between energy consumption, economic globalization, urbanization, economic growth, and ecological footprints.


A large portion of the Brazilian population reside in peripheral subnormal cluster regions culturally called favelas [Figure 1].[2] The typical favela has poor infrastructure, where the individuals have an evident difficult to access essential public health care, basic sanitation, and safe electricity among other assistance services. Face the recent COVID-19 pandemic, what are the main emergency challenges faced by Brazilian favelas?


In order to find an efficient way to synthesize

aromatic heterocyclic methvl substi- tuted adenines and adenosines

,using adenine and adenosine as starting materials ,twenty four

adenineand adenosine derivatives ,including 9- pyridylmethyl

suhtituted adenines(1~7),N6 ,9- disubstitutedadenines( 12~17),N6-

substituted adenines(23~25)and N6-subetituted adenosines(18~

22)weredesigned and synthesized,three 3- substituted adenines were

also synthesized.The structures of thesecompounds were identified

with MS,1HNMR and UV spectra,some of them were submitted toelemental

analysis and HRMS.All adenosine derivatives and some adenine

derivatives synthesizedwere studied for adenosine receptor

activity.Compound 18 was shown to be 33 times more active

thanadenosine.


A previous study highlighted the perception among secondary science teachers that they faced considerable challenges to their pedagogical practice when teaching unfamiliar areas of the curriculum; for example, when teaching out of subject specialism. One of the major challenges cited by the teachers was being able to give appropriate and effective science teaching explanations in the classroom. Since talking in order to explain science is at the centre of what science teachers do, this concern is a significant one for teacher educators. This article considers some of the methodological issues about how to investigate the relationship between teachers' subject content knowledge and their pedagogical practice. The research outlined focuses on a single science teacher's practice in giving science teaching explanations when teaching in and out of subject specialism. Although the findings from a single case are of limited value in terms of generalisability, this study adds to the discussion about future research into the relationship between teachers' professional knowledge bases and their pedagogical practices.


In this study, the skull roof, palate, braincase, lower jaw and dentition of the skull of the adult specimens of two species of the ground agamids, Trapelus ruderatus and Trapelus lessonae are compared for the first time. Based on this study, from morphological and functional perspectives, some fine differences among various parts of the skull in these two lizard species are presented.


Immediate help to a novice or a professional practising anaesthesiologist in fine tuning techniques as well as guidance during complications are the hallmarks of good anaesthesiologists. Anaesthesiologists performing regional nerve blocks in remote and rural areas are devoid of modern gadgets, and are dependent on anatomical landmarks. The supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks have been associated with catastrophic complications. Split second decisions are made to normalise these situations. A mind block might set in, if it is a single-working anaesthesiologist with limited or untrained staff.


Imagine an octopus. Not one that is moving through water, but one traveling across land. The animal slides its way along the terrain before it, its arms pulling an unsuspecting head in their wake. It slithers and creeps, over boulders and under bushes. Yet throughout, the arms of the animal are its lead, operating independent of one another while retaining a uniform slipperiness. The octopus is a strange, unsettling creature because of its contrary style of movement. Now imagine that octopus as a play about the British state. The shifting of the beast makes the play structurally and topically fluid. Its characters operate independent of one another while responding to the controlling machinations of the overarching structure, in this case the British state. Some of the arms try to use their own minds to subvert the objective of the brain. The stereotypes of individuals undesired by the state – people on benefits, immigrants, Muslims, and so on – are satirised. At the same time, a sense of unease sets in for the audience as the state's attempts at control operate through the arms of the characters, even as those arms take their own initiative and entangle one another within the play. Though imperfect, this metaphor highlights some of the key dimensions of Octopus, a satirical three-hander written by Afsaneh Gray that debuted at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 2016 and undertook a UK tour in 2017. The play is set in a fictional government agency responsible for interviewing individuals of non-English heritage to determine their Britishness. An unnamed agency implements the policy of determining people's Britishness through interview based on a newly elected government's campaign pledge. This policy questions any person living in the UK who is of non-English ethnic heritage about their Britishness. 1. I saw Octopus during its UK tour at London's Poplar Union in July 2017, a year after it was at Edinburgh. As far as conceptual metaphors are concerned, cognitive linguist George Lakoff and philosopher Mark Johnson recognise that metaphors both highlight and hide meaning. This balance does not render a metaphor imperfect if it fails to capture all aspects of the phenomenon it is trying to describe, but rather recognises that conceptual metaphors are tools to frame understandings and can offer new insights even as they hide others. For more, see George Lakoff and Mark Johnsen, Metaphors We Live By (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2003). Contemporary Theatre Review, 2019 Vol. 29, No. 4, 405–422, https://doi.org/10.1080/10486801.2019.1657423


This paper introduces the concept of IP, makes a concise analysis of the current development status of IP at home and abroad, and gives its own suggestions for the mining and innovation of its IP resources. All colleges and universities should clearly recognize the basic situation of student apartment management and clarify its responsibilities. With the help of strengthening students' standardized education, the management system is constantly improved, creating a more humane management atmosphere, and further accelerating the pace of social services. Secondly, the application layer of the platform is compiled based on the basic data layer of the platform to implement related functions. Grid Information Platform is proposed in the paper and the test results show that the platform can be applied to dormitory management related fields, and the functions of each module based on the platform can better realize the visual personnel positioning.


Abstract In this paper, a new model for mass classification of suspected regions in mammograms is presented. The system uses the quantized ranklet transform of the suspected region as a feature and the discrete data hidden Markov tree as a classifier. The system is then used to train two classes of mammograms (normal and abnormal). Results of testing the system with a set of images shows superior performance in detecting cancerous regions of pre-segmented images with respected to other related systems. Keywords: Mammograms, classification, hidden Markov tree, ranklet transform. 1. Introduction Mass classification in mammograms received great attention in the recent literature. Masses are lesions of the breast tissue associated very often with the presence of cancer [4]. They appear in radiographic images as regions with elevated intensity and size ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm [5]. In order to help radiologists in their identification, computer–aided detection (CAD) systems have been recently introduced [14]. By using computer vision and artificial intelligence techniques, these systems detect suspicious regions independently from the human reader, thus providing the radiologist with a second opinion. Several pattern classification based methods have been introduced. This includes statistical [1, 3] and neural methods [12, 15, 18, 19, 20, and 21]. Hidden Markov trees (HMT) has been proposed by Crouse et-al in [17] as a tool to model the distribution of wavelet coefficients by exploiting the dependency between multi-resolution levels. It has been used successfully in image de-noising and segmentation [7, 8, 10]. In [9], a new computational framework is proposed in order for the model to work with large image sizes without intervening numerical instabilities. This encourages investigating the use of HMT in the image classification problems in which multiple observations per class are used. This paper proposed an adaptation of the HMT model to classify image regions in a manner resembling the use of hidden Markov models in speech recognition. What is new in this adaptation is that the model works with one vector quad tree instead of three scalar quad trees as in the classical models. Moreover, the vector components of the tree are quantized to scalar values to be used in training multi-observation image data. The proposed system also uses the non-linear multi-resolution ranklet transform instead of wavelet transforms as features. Ranklet transform has been first introduced in [6] as an application to face detection. As described there, the ranklet coefficients are characterized by being non–parametric features. This is firstly because they deal with the ranks of pixels rather than with their values. Secondly, they are multi–resolution and orientation selective features. In this paper, the discrete data hidden Markov tree model of ranklet transform is proposed and applied to mass classification in mammograms. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows Section (2) gives an overview of the ranklet transform. Section (3) provides detailed information about the proposed system. Experiments performed and the results achieved are discussed in Section 4. Conclusions are drawn in Section 5.


Fourteen species of Ichneumonidae, parasitoids of forest sawflies, are reported, of which one, Isadelphus compressus SHENG sp. nov., is new to science. Three of them, Mastrus deminuens (HARTIG, 1838), Olesicampe erythropyga (HOLMGREN, 1860) and Pleolophus suigensis (UCHIDA, 1930) are first records for China, and most of their hosts are recorded for the first time. The variabilities of Agrothereutes abbreviatus (FABRJCIUS, 1794), Endasys liaoningensis WANG & SUN, 1996 and Olesicampe erythropyga (HOLMGREN) are pointed out. The biologies of A. abbreviatus (FABRJCIUS) and E. liaoningensis WANG & SUN are noted. The application of the parasitoids is discussed. Two categories of the parasitoids of forest sawflies, Dominant Controller and Sustained Controller, are proposed.


We have study by means of DFT+U and thermodynamic calculations the doping response of the p‐type transparent oxide NiO. We have found from the calculated defect formation enthalpies that Ni vacancy, not the O interstitial, is the main source of nonstoichiometry in NiO. On the other hand, the calculated free‐hole concentration at room temperature of pure NiO remains very low compared to the concentration of Ni vacancies; this is due to the too large ionization energy of the Ni vacancy. The free‐hole concentration can be strongly increased by extrinsic dopants with a more shallow donor as it is illustrated for the case of Li.


A method for making thin film transistor, which contains providing an insulation substrate, forming a grid metal layer, lithography etching said grid metal layer to form the grid located on said insulated substrate, in turn forming a grid insulated layer said grid and insulated substrate, a amorphous silicon layer, a amorphous silicon doped layer and a source/drain electrode metal layer of molybdenum or molybdenum alloy, lithography etching source/drain electrode metal layer, amorphous silicon doped layer and amorphous silicon layer to form a source/drain electrode and a channel, forming a passivation layer on said substrate with source/drain electrode and channel, lithography etching said passivation layer to form a conductive layer pattern, forming a conductive layer, lithography etching said conductive layer to form a pixel electrode.


The synthesis and characterization of a series of large porphyrin oligomers are important not only for elucidation of the energy and/or the electron transfer functions of the photosynthetic reaction center but also for application of the functions to molecular architecture. In a previous paper, we reported the stable axial bond formation of non-metal phosphorus porphyrin. The axial bond is useful for fixing the porphyrin rings at various distances and orientations, and it could enable us to construct molecular architecture using porphyrins. In this paper, we report the systematic synthesis of novel [open quotes]wheel-and-axle[close quotes]-type phosphorus(V) porphyrin oligomers, whose porphyrin rings are separated by various lengths of stable axial bridges connected with the central phosphorus atoms. 16 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.