In a period after birth, children have different induction stages to the outside world, which also have diversified characteristics in learning advantages. In infant period, children are often the most sensitive to language, therefore, the early childhood is the best language learning period for children. Children in the infant period have the highest sensitivity to language in the whole life. After the birth of the children, it is the best time to cultivate their language learning when they age between six months to five years old. During this period, we can develop infants' inherent advantages in language sensitivity. We should develop the language areas mastering the language talent in children's brains, and then give them sound guidance. This makes the children master the second language quickly at the same time when mastering the first language. Children aged from six months to five years old have great advantages in mastering the second language and possess obvious talents in language. So this article is mainly to explore the key period of second language learning for human beings, and conduct a series of analysis and discussion on how could children learn English well.


This study is strived to reveal sexual taboo which is reflected in Ayu Utami`s SAMAN (1998) novel. SAMAN (1998) novel is analyzed by using feminist perspective. The analysis is done by determining three objects: the first is describing social background of Indonesia in twentieth century, the second is analyzing the novel based on the structural elements, and the third is analyzing the issue based on feminist perspective. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. There are two types of data sources. The primary data data sources is Ayu Utami`s SAMAN (1998) novel translated by Pamela Allen. The secondary data sources are books, journals, and internet sources related to the study. The two kinds of data collected through library research and analyzed with descriptive analysis. Based on the research, the researcher pulls the following conclusions. First, the structural element of the novel described the character and characterization, setting of time and place, plot, point of view, and theme. All of them are correlated to each other forming unity. Second, based on feminist perspective, sexual taboo was revealed with other descriptions of women`s participation, women`s right, women`s role and women`s position reflected in Ayu Utami`s SAMAN (1998) novel.


Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious health care problem despite available methods for prevention, improved diagnostic and treatment modalities. Based on the population study from Rochester, MN, Heit recently demonstrated over 900,000 cases of venous thromboembolism (VTE) yearly in the US and close to 300,000 deaths from pulmonary embolism (PE). Despite appropriate anticoagulant therapy 30-50 % of patients with DVT will develop postthrombotic sequelae that may vary from minor signs to severe manifestations. The established postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a significant cause of chronic illness with considerable consequences for both the patient and the society.


The turbine, an enabling component of turbochargers, is a seat of highly complex unsteady flow as well as varying gas compositions between diesel and gasoline engines. Thus, it is necessary to take into account different physical models when simulating such turbines. Researchers have often considered the turbine working gas as air, which may not lead to an accurate prediction of actual turbine characteristics. In the present work, the effect of the working gas on the performance of turbocharger turbines as well as on the turbo lag was investigated through a set of numerical simulations for six wastegate opening degrees from 0% up to 100% and under a wide range of the flow pulse frequency ranging from 33.33 up to 166.66 Hz. Four working fluids were involved in this study which are the gasoline burnt gas, diesel burnt gas, air with like gasoline engine waves, and air with like diesel engine waves. The performance of the turbine and its responsiveness quantified as the time lag with burnt gases from both diesel and gasoline engines were compared to those with air. Results showed totally deviated unsteady performance characteristics compared to the turbine working with air. Results also confirmed that considering the working fluid as air may not lead to a fair representation of the actual turbine performance characteristics. The findings of this work put emphasis on the importance of the gas composition when modeling such turbines by engineers especially during the design process where a good turbocharger-engine match has to be met.


The research was conducted in Indragiri Hulu. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic impact of tourism on local people's income Case Study Thirty Hill National Park (BTNP) Indragiri Hulu. Types and sources of data used in this study is primary data in the capture as many as 100 respondents and secondary data obtained from the agencies or parties related to this research. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive quantitative method. Based on the research results, the conclusion of this study is the attraction Thirty Hill National Park as a tourist a positive impact on the economy of the surrounding community. It can be seen from the increase in people's income, increased employment and improved infrastructure. Visible public monthly expenditure increased as the Thirty Hill National Park. Keywords : Economic Impact, Income


A simple, rapid colorimetric procedure for measuring calcium with a single, stable o -cresolphthalein complexon reagent is described. The procedure is accurate (r2 = 0.96; recovery = 98.8%), precise (C.V. = 1.9%) and sensitive (absorptivity = 740). The color developed is stable for several hours. The procedure does not require deproteinization, and phosphorus, magnesium, bilirubin, hemoglobin, and albumin do not interfere. Linearity extends to 18 mg. per dl.


The paper proposes a new method for de-interlacing video. It combines simple techniques such as field insertion and edge-adaptive line averaging as well as motion-compensated (MC) methods by a robust motion detector. The simpler techniques are preferred, and the MC method is limited to places where it is really advantageous to limit processing power without sacrificing too much quality. The final experimental results show that the proposed method needs lower complexity but achieves 2 dB PSNR gain when compared to the previous method.


The paper considers using a set of flying robots to monitor mobile targets in an area of interest for a specific time period. Each robot carries a camera with a fixed visible angle and its battery capacity is limited. When the energy consumption of a robot depends on its altitude, the energy consumption and the number of covered targets are two contradictory objectives as a larger coverage area means a higher altitude, which leads to more energy consumption. Thus, there should be a balance between them. A constrained optimization problem accounting these objectives is formulated subject to some energy and connectivity constraints. A control system containing a movement decision maker is designed. A decentralized navigation algorithm implemented on each robot is proposed. The algorithm navigates each flying robot to a new position in 3D space that contributes more to the coverage. The performance of the proposed approach against some baseline methods is validated by extensive simulations.


Organizational commitment levels of teachers who worked in elementary schools the purpose of this study the relationship between the level of organizational image perceptions, the perceptions of teachers, teachers according to some variables show significant differences to determine whether personal and organizational image perceptions contributed to the data analysis, which revealed is to analyze how organizational commitment. The study group of the research designed in the relational screening model is 2020-2021 academic year 2.during the period, it consists of 442 teachers in 18 official primary schools located in Bakırköy district of Istanbul province. In the research, the data were collected through the "Organizational Image Scale", "Organizational Commitment Scale" and the personal information form. To analyze the data "arithmetic mean and standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, correlation analysis and regression analysis techniques were used. Key Words: Classroom Teacher, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Image, Data Analysis


Objective To explore mental health status of medical college freshmen and to provide evidence for mental health improvement. Methods Totally 3 372 students were chosen from a medical college and asked to complete SCL-90. Results The rate of the students who may have mental problems was 38.91% and 3.02% of the students had evident symptoms. The positive rate of compulsive was highest,then was personal sensitivity and depression.Conclusion The mental health status of college students should not be neglected. The medico's mental health education should be strengthened.


IMPORTANCE
Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is a biomarker for schizophrenia thought to reflect glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function and excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission balance. However, the association of glutamate level with MMN has not been directly examined in patients with schizophrenia, to our knowledge.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the contributions of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to MMN and digit sequencing task (DST) performance, an assessment of verbal working memory, in schizophrenia.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Fifty-three control participants from the community and 45 persons with schizophrenia from outpatient clinics completed an electroencephalographic session for MMN, magnetic resonance spectroscopy for glutamate and GABA, and a DST. The study dates were July 2011 to May 2014, and the dates of our analysis were May 2014 to August 2015.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Glutamate, GABA, the ratio of glutamine to glutamate, MMN amplitude, and DST. Structural equation modeling was used to test the effects of neurochemistry and MMN amplitude on DST performance.

RESULTS
The 45 persons with schizophrenia were a mean (SD) of 37.7 (12.8) years and the control participants were 37.1 (13.1) years. The schizophrenia group had a mean (SD) of 14.7 (12.1) years of illness. Mismatch negativity amplitude (F = 4.39, P = .04) and glutamate (F = 9.69, P = .002) were reduced in the schizophrenia group. Smaller MMN amplitude was significantly associated with lower GABA level (P = .008), lower glutamate level (P = .05), and higher ratio of glutamine to glutamate (P = .003). Reduced MMN amplitude was linked to poor verbal working memory in schizophrenia (P = .002). Modeling revealed that a proxy of glutamatergic function, indexed by the ratio of glutamine to glutamate, influenced a path from the ratio of glutamine to glutamate to MMN to verbal working memory (P = .38 [root-mean-square error of approximation, P < .001] by χ2 test), supporting the contention that MMN serves as an intermediate biomarker linking glutamatergic function to DST performance in schizophrenia.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The role of glutamate and GABA in MMN and verbal working memory deficits in schizophrenia has been frequently debated. These data provide in vivo evidence that support glutamatergic and GABAergic regulation of MMN and verbal working memory function in schizophrenia.


Hebrew poetry of the Middle Ages, at least that extant in the form of the early piyyu{ and that written under the influence of Arabic poetry and culture, is to a large extent social poetry in the sense that it was written mainly for liturgical purposes, namely for public prayer. The main concerns of the piyyu{im were national issues, such as persecution, exile and redemption. Spanish sacred poetry maintained the same essential trait, although new philosophical and ethical contents were introduced which took it beyond the narrow confines of the national themes to a wider universal level of Man in relation to his God. This transition made it much easier for the poets to incorporate their spiritual thoughts; indeed, their personal poems often give expression to their specific philosophies, beliefs and opinions. This is certainly the case for the great poets such as Shelomoh Ibn Gabirol and Yehuda Halevy. The new secular poetry certainly developed in a specific social context and for a very defined social reason, that being the portrayal of Jewish court society. In Baghdad, the poems of Abraham Hacohen were designed to praise and glorify members of the Natira Family (Scheiber, 1953; 1980), and the works of Rab Haye Gaon praised the greatness of the leaders of the Qairawan community and showered blessings on them (Brody, 1936, pp. 27-42; Fleischer, 1977, pp. 240-244). And, of course, Menahem ben Saruq and Dunash ben Labrat wrote in Cordoba for the needs of the vizier in the government of the Umayyad Caliph cAbd al-RaI:iman Ill-lamentations over his relatives who had passed away, songs of praise and songs that described a court life that was not run according to the traditional Jewish pattern, at least not that followed since the destruction of the Second Temple (Ashtor, 1960, pp. 103-172). It is true that even in the secular poetry we find great poets, such as Shemuel Hannagid, Ibn Gabirol and Yehuda Halevy, who managed to


We reported previously GCN5 deletion in the mouse leads to embryonic lethality due to increased apoptosis. New data show that this apoptosis is p53 dependent and may be triggered by telomere defects. Telomeres are shortened in cells from GCN5 mutant embryos, and these cells display increased numbers of chromosomal end associations and fusions. In the absence of both p53 and GCN5, an even greater incidence of telomere fusion is observed. These double mutant embryos also display defects in neural tube closure and brain development. Very similar defects in neural development are observed in mice homozygous for GCN5 HAT catalytic site mutations and in mice that carry a hypomorphic allele of GCN5. These data provide the first evidence that GCN5 may be required both for telomere maintenance and proper expression of genes required for neural development in the mouse.


— This research aimed to gather empirical data that can be used as a feasibility study of the Magister Management Program at Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha). This research used qualitative research approach. Data were collected by interview and survey technique. Data were analyzed with qualitative research technique. The results of this study can be use as an empirical data for decision making process on magister management program at Undiksha. This research is a feasibility study which is focusing on developing curriculum, analysis of human resources and developing basic competencies for Magister Management Program at Undiksha. This research found that Undiksha has capacity to open magister management program in 2020.Undiksha has human resources and complete facilities to support the magister management program. This research found that the society have strong motivation to pursue postgraduate program in Undiksha. Majority of respondent want to enhance their career prospect through education. Most of the respondent are permanent employee therefore they looking for night class or weekend program. Finally, it can be concluded that Undiksha has market opportunity and capacity to open magister management program.


The application of pulse modulation control (choppers) to dc motors creates unique instrumentation problems. In particular, the high harmonic components contained in the current waveforms require frequency response accommodations not normally considered in dc instrumentation. In addition to current sensing, accurate power measurement requires not only adequate frequency response but must also address phase errors caused by the finite bandwidths and component characteristics involved. The implications of these problems are discussed, and the degree to which they have been solved at Lewis Research Center is reported.


Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) are required for survival and organ formation during embryogenesis. Fgfs often execute their functions redundantly. Previous analysis of Fgf3 mutants revealed effects on inner ear formation and embryonic survival with incomplete penetrance.


The paper contributes to the emerging literature on why and when RCVs are used by political parties competing in a party democracy. It builds on an analysis of all roll-call votes held in the first chamber of the Austrian parliament over the entire post-war period (1945-2010). The paper identifies position-taking and obstruction as two plausible purposes of RCVs and presents a number of hypotheses on their empirical implications. Our findings point to position-taking as the predominant motivation.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of biochemistry, in particular to an extract of Vitis vinifera seeds for the prevention or treatment of plant diseases, caused by fungi or oomycetes, such as Plasmopara viticola Pv1 and Erysiphe necator, as well as to a composition, which contains the extract of the Vitis vinifera seeds, or husks, containing the seeds, as an effective ingredient, where the said extract represents a water/ethanol or a water extract. Also described is a method of preventing or treatment of the plant infections, caused by fungi or oomycetes, such as Plasmopara viticola Pv1 and Erysiphe necator, which includes the application of an effective quantity of the extract of the Vitis vinifera seeds on the processed plant. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to effectively prevent or treat the plant infections, caused by fungi or oomycetes, such as Plasmopara viticola Pv1 and Erysiphe necator. 4 cl, 4 ex


The present study had the objective of identifying possibilities of intervention of the
health sector on the situation of occupational stress among teachers. The study was
composed of two stages: The first one was composed of an integrative review of the
literature that is characterized by an analysis of research that allows the knowledge
of the approach of the subject in the scientific literature, making possible the epitome
of the knowledge of a certain theme, besides indicating potential knowledge gaps
that need to be filled with the emergence of new studies. This type of study allows
the synthesized accumulation of several published materials about a specific area of
study from a specific cut. The second stage of the research consisted of interviews
with health management managers at the municipal level, in order to identify
possibilities for intervention on occupational stress among teachers. It was sought to
answer the following guiding question: "How can the health sector contribute to the
reduction of occupational stress and improvement of the quality of life and health of
the teachers?". The concepts of occupational stress, the characterization of illness
and some possibilities of intervention directed to teachers of basic education were
found in the literature and in the speeches of specialists. It was realized that the
alternatives of intervention are feasible for an intersectorial action and are very clear
for the managers of the health. However, it is evident in the case of the municipality
of Vitoria de Santo Antao - PE, a fragility of dialogue between sectors that prevents
the construction of interventions.


This paper looks at exclusion as a mental health issue. It describes the aims of the National Pyramid Trust and its work to reduce exclusion by boosting the self‐esteem and resilience of primary age children causing their teachers concern. The Trust uses a package of three measures: systematic identification of 7 and 8 year old children at risk of social and educational failure in school, multi‐agency consultation to formulate a preventive strategy on their behalf and short term activity group therapy to promote confidence, social skills and maturation.


In virtual worlds, character credibility suffers from an increasing discrepancy between visual realism, physical modelling quality and behaviour simulation weakness. As behaviour credibility is firmly embedded in the eye of the human observer, it needs to be as close to human expectation as possible. In this study, we define a learning process able to build rule-based behaviour from the observation of a human tutor controlling a virtual agent and from a progressive fusion of rules. The ability of this imitation process to model human-controlled behaviour is assessed upon experiments carried out on a flee-attack scenario for an RTS game. Its efficiency is examined in a game development context.


A standard energy metabolism (S.E.M.) in congenital heart diseases was calculated by measuring the resting oxygen consumption by the open circuit method. Out of fifty-two patients with congenital heart disease, thirtythree were patients with noncyanotic heart disease, and nineteen were cyanotic ones. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide were measured by the open circuit method, modification of the flow-through method by Kipp and Noyon's diaferometer. We caribulated the system with a standard oxygen gas and carbon dioxide, just before measurement. We examined regularly its reproducibility of the alcohol test. We investigated a standard energy metabolism in congenital heart diseases from a resting oxygen consumption ( v 0 2 ml/min/kg) and a percentage of energy consumption per day for normal value (Standard Energy Metabolic Rate; S.E.M.R.). A mean oxygen consumption was 7.95 ml/min/kg in congenital heart diseases and that is significantly increased compared with normal values previously reported. A mean S.E.M.R. in patients with congenital heart diseases was +11.8%. There were no differences between a mean S.E.M.R. in noncyanotic patients and that in cyanotic ones. The degree of increase in V02 related to that of undernutrition in a non-cyanotic left t o right shunt disease (r=0.57, p<O.OOl), but did not in a cyanotic heart disease. A relation between a standard energy metabolism and a parameter of cardiac function was studied in patients with a non-cyanotic left t o right shunt disease. An increase of VOz was parallel to that of the respiratory rate (r=0.72, p<O.Ool). The degree of increase in V02 was in proportion to the ratio of the peak pulmonary pressure to the peak systemic pressure (Pp/Ps) (r=0.72, p<O.OOl). There was no relation between VOz and a ratio of the pulmonary blood flow to the systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs). When we tentatively indicated a cardiac work for the product of (Qp/Qs+l) and (Pp/Ps+ l), V02 was in proportion to the (Qp/Qs+l) (Pp/Ps+l) (r=0.69, p<O.OOl). So a course of hypermetabolism in congenital heart diseases, especially in left to right shunt diseases, seemed to be the increase of a respiratory muscle work and a cardiac work. An open circuit method is simple and accurate for measuring of oxygen consumption of infants and children who have congenital heart diseases. This is a versatile method for calculating a standard energy metabolism in congenital heart diseases. (Acta Paediatr Jpn 23(2): 234 1981)


The article deals with the Islamic clergy on Crimea (the Province of Tauria), which as a corporate body was officially registered on the 17th of September 1796. On that day the clergy officially became tax exempt. The Islamic "hereditary" clergy in Crimea was not homogenous: its formation was influenced by the migration movements of the local population in the 18th –19th cent. The nucleus of the "hereditary" clergy consisted of the spiritual leaders of the bygone epoch who accepted the Russian Empire as their new patria. The deficit in clergymen, which was provoked by the mass emigration of the Crimea Tatars to the Ottoman Empire resulted in the fact that many vacant places were taken by the low classes (petty bourgeois) who did manage identify themselves in the Russian registry documents in 1795 and 1811 as "clergy". In this way Tatar religious communities sought to ensure the continuity of their religious traditions and practices as well as to create an alternative in choosing a local spiritual leader. The attempt of the Russian authorities to establish in 1831 of the closed privileged class of Tauria's clergy in order to control their number, turned out to be unrealistic. However, already in 1833, a large class of "hereditary" clergy was legalized by making them tax and other duties exempt when they were actively involved in the pastoral care.


The present study approaches the social meaning of the street dance for internal adolescents of CASE from the city of Santa Maria where are found that research subjects and context aiming to know and to discuss about social meaning of the street dance movements and the lyrics of raps which was the rhythm used on the researcher classes. That research develops it self as a qualitative approach of ethnographic background which have inquired 16 subjects verifying that the experiences analyzed in and out of group were typified by expressing a culture peculiar to them. It was observed the adolescents preference and admiration by the break style movements, stunt flying and soil movements and these last ones were considered as the most representative because of their challenge connotation to them. Also is possible to assert that the lyrics of raps have an ambiguous meaning once that they reveal itself as an alert manner as well as a behavior to be followed showing that the street dance movements and the lyrics of raps give they a chance to give vent to their fears and conflicts. We have concluded that to turn these adolescents eyes around new representations is not enough to put them in to an institution with the objective of bring they back to society. We need to rebuild the society structure which breed and feed them with so cruel representation about themselves. They need more humanity and less pain.


The theme of the work presented here is performance comparison of gradient mask texture based image retrieval techniques using global and local hybrid wavelet transforms generated from the combination of Walsh, Haar and Kekre transforms. Ternary image maps of Prewitt/Robert/Sobel filtered images are compared with "64-pattern" texture set generated using local and global hybrid wavelet transforms for matching number of ones, minus ones & zeros per texture pattern. The proposed content based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques are tested on a generic image database having 1000 images spread across 11 categories. For each proposed CBIR technique 55 queries (randomly selected 5 per image category) are fired on the image database. To compare the performance of image retrieval techniques average precision and recall of all the queries per image retrieval technique are computed. In the discussed image retrieval methods, the "64-pattern" shape texture generated using Haar-Walsh (HW) global hybrid wavelet transform matrix with Sobel as gradient operator gives the highest crossover point of precision and recall indicating better performance.


Introduction: The associations between depression, home blood pressure (BP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease have been unclear. Hypothesis: We asses...


The effect of alloying additions of Ti and B on the process of micropyretic synthesis on NiAl and on the microstructure of the synthesized alloy was examined. It was observed that the combustibility of the quaternary alloy is good despite the presence of the alloying elements because of an additional combustion reaction between Ti and B. The microstructure of the quaternary alloy was found to consist primarily of the NiAl and Ti boride phases. The effect of preheating of the specimen prior to synthesis on the process of synthesis was also examined. It was observed that preheating not only can change the morphology of the phases but also influence the nature of the phases present in the alloy. The mechanism of the formation of the two phase microstructure during the synthesis from the elemental powders was established by stopping the combustion front and by carrying out a detailed microstructural characterization of regions around the stopped combustion front.


the National Inpatient Sample Database analyzed, patients hospitalized for a secondary diagnosis of IBD (Crohn ' s Disease and ulcerative colitis) identi ed using the 10th Revision of International Classi fi cation of Diseases codes. Univariates and Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk di ff erence in mortality and AD-related complications. Data was considered statistically signi fi cant with p-value , 0.05. Results: A total of 313,054 adults AD hospitalizations were identi fi ed, among 3090 (1%) had a history of IBD. AD patients baseline characteristics and comorbidities in Table strati fi ed by IBD diagnosis. IBD patients found to have 27% increase in risk of AD than IBD-free patients (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.27, p , 0.001) with no di ff erence in risk of mortality between the two groups (aOR 1.37, p 5 0.437). AD/IBDpatients had signi to understand the causes of their concerns for long-term use and toxicities, and the potential impact on outcomes.


The Soswaewon Garden, which was constructed by Yang San-Bo around 1520, is a private traditional garden in Korea. Soswaewon Garden has long been and still is the focus of continuous research. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the restoration of buildings that were lost in the past. The Goam-Jeongsa and Boohwondang buildings, which were lost in 1597 during the Japanese invasion, were restored in 1614 and depicted in a picture of Soswaewon Garden in 1755. However, they eventually disappeared and no longer exist in the present. Therefore, the restoration of these two buildings is considered an urgent task. This research aims to search for the original location of these buildings and estimate their size and shape in terms of physical space. Several years ago, an estimation of the building site was carried out, providing a stepping stone on this matter . This can be studied through `Soswaewon's 48 quatrains with five Chinese characters in each line,` `Soswaewon-sasil,` and `Soswaewon's drawing.` Some parts of the shape of Soswaewon also appear in the `Yuseoseokrok,` which is helpful. Thus, in this research, information on the Goam-Jeongsa and Boowondang buildings appearing in research results and literature to date are collectively analyzed. The location and architectural features of both buildings are identified by focusing on excavations. Also, for the purpose of restoration planning, base data on the location, size, and shape of both buildings are presented. In line with this process, a valid restoration plan is presented by analyzing the abovementioned historical research materials and comparing empirical data, such as excavation results.


It is pertinent to ask what similarities exist between the catalytic mechanisms of carbonic anhydrase I11 and the better-studied isozymes I and 11. The current view of the catalytic mechanism is presented in and in this volume. In the hydration of COz , human carbonic anhydrase I1 appears to be limited in rate by a step occumng outside the steps actually involved in the interconversion of C02 and HCOT .3 The magnitude of the solvent hydrogen isotope effect measured on the steady-state turnover rate suggests the contribution of proton transfer in this rate-limiting step. Steiner et al.3 suggested that this step is an intramolecular proton transfer from the active site to another residue of the enzyme. In this study we have extended these measurements to carbonic anhydrase 111 obtained from the skeletal muscle of the cat. We have found results that suggest that, like isozyme 11, carbonic anhydrase 111 is limited by a step occurring outside the pathway involved with the interconversion of C02 and HCO?: (1) for isozyme 111 the rate of maximal interconversion of COz and HCOT at equilibrium was greater than the steady-state turnover rate; (2) the solvent hydrogen isotope effects for hydration of CO2 catalyzed by isozyme I11 were similar to those for isozyme 11; and (3) the mode of anion inhibition was uncompetitive with respect to COz in certain regions of pH for isozyme 111, as has been determined for isozyme I1 at high P H . ~


Abstract
Pasolini's protean oeuvre focuses particularly on lives outside the conventional class system and its norms.This text examines how one might envisage the organization of the multitudes in light of the practices developed by Pasolini to treat these singular forms of life. It r e veals the ethical coherency of the "free indirect discourse" that Pasolini deploys in the context of the ideological and linguistic normali z ation that emerged from Italian fascism and neocapitalism.


This paper examines the development of comparisons and contrasts in young L1 children and in L2 adults. It explores the similarities and differences in categories, lexicogrammatical realizations and functions. It was found that similarities existed in extent and effect, in categories and some realizations, and in some minor functions Against these similarities, differences were found in order of development of the categories, in importance of categories, in one category, in realizations and in major functions. The paper concludes with an investigation of implications for (i) teaching; and (ii) the L1-L2 "similarity/difference?" debate.


A device, a microelectromechanical system flux concentrator, is described that can minimize 1/f noise in magnetic sensors by modulating the magnetic field at the position of the sensor. This has the effect of shifting the operating frequency to higher frequencies where the 1/f noise can be 1 or 2 orders of magnitude smaller. Magnetic and mechanical modeling results on a design that will operate at 29 kHz are presented.


In this paper, we present an approach to weight the influence of context regarding user interests in content-based recommendations. The balance between interest-content matching and situation matching is formalized using a Fuzzy model, allowing more intuitive personalization. Using content consumption history, this model can be optimized from an initial general model to a new one fitting better the preferences of the user. We propose a generic service for such personalized context-aware recommendations. Experimental results are discussed and show the effectiveness comparing to a classical weighted function.


Based on construction experience,this paper present installation and tensioning works using new model boom for butterfly type arch bridge.It also propose modification for this kind of boom.


Extracted from text ... The Bangalore urban povertyalleviation programme 1993?1999;development, impact and lessonsJoop W de WitABSTRACTBetween 1993 and 1999 the Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro-gramme ? or BUPP for short ? was implemented in Bangalore, South India.This small, but quite ambitious, Dutch-funded pilot programme aimed both atpoverty reduction defined in terms of empowerment, setting up new institu-tions, and at testing innovative participatory approaches. These includedbottom-up planning by mixed male/female slum teams, and close coopera-tion ? in terms of planning, decision making and joint-financing ? betweenlocal government agencies, NGOs and slum organisations. The programmeaimed to create an enabling environment in which the urban poor couldprioritise, carry ..
Between 1993 and 1999 the Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro- gramme ± or BUPP for short ± was implemented in Bangalore, South India. This small, but quite ambitious, Dutch-funded pilot programme aimed both at poverty reduction defined in terms of empowerment, setting up new institu- tions, and at testing innovative participatory approaches. These included bottom-up planning by mixed male/female slum teams, and close coopera- tion ± in terms of planning, decision making and joint-financing ± between local government agencies, NGOs and slum organisations. The programme aimed to create an enabling environment in which the urban poor could prioritise, carry out and/or supervise slum activities beneficial to them. This article reviews the development and impact of the BUPP programme, fo- cusing on the viability and sustainability of newly-created institutions both at the slum and programme management levels. It looks at the relationships between the various stakeholders involved; between slum men, slum women and traditional slum leaders in the context of the new slum organisations; between slum organisations and the NGOs; and between NGOs and local government. Strengths and weaknesses of the programme are listed, and lessons are drawn relating to the conditions enhancing slum level partici- pation and local ownership. The article warns against the danger of estab- lishing unsustainable new parallel structures, and points at the need to allow for less uniform, more flexible, implementation approaches based on careful institutional analyses and close monitoring. Above all new ± enabling ± in- Africanus 31(2)2001 17 stitutional structures can only work in a context of appropriate legal frame- works and administrative procedures.


We present a library of Krylov subspace iterative solvers built over the PGAS-type communication layer GPI. The hybrid pattern is here the appropriate choice to reveal the hierarchical parallelism of clusters with multiand manycore nodes. Our approach includes asynchronous communication and differs in many aspects from the classical one. We first present the GPI-based implementation of the sparse matrix-vector multiplication and then, using as a benchmark the numerical solution of a Poisson boundary value problem in a unit cube, we compare the performance on Intel/Infiniband and CRAY XE6 architectures of our GPI-based Conjugate Gradients and Richardson methods against the ones available in PETSc. The results show good scalability and performance of our approach, at least comparable to these of PETSc. Key–Words: multi-core clusters, PGAS, RDMA, GPI, hybrid-parallel iterative solvers, sparse matrix-vector multiplication, performance


In this thesis I look at how one of our newest communication mediums, the podcast, is being used by a group of Los Angeles-based comedians loosely assembled under the " alternative comedy" label. Through the lens of critical and medium theory, I identify two pr imary functions of the podcast for this community: 1) as a space for comedy performance involving cha racterbased sketches and stream-of-consciousness conversation and 2) as a meditation on t he nature of stand-up comedy that often confronts tensions between popular and folk culture. I argue t h t these two functions have become generic hallmarks of the alternative come dy podcasting community. As such, they provide important insight into how subcultures reinforce, reinterpr et, and manage artistic value in new media environments. Further, the podcast offers an object lesson in the ways that creative artists have exercised a new sense of age ncy in controlling the direction of their careers.


The frontier circumstances are always complex, so that frontier struggle and border management are very onerous. At the same time, the treatment for border incidents strongly relies on the policy and statute with urgent time effectiveness, widely involved aspects, strong demand and strict standard. So it is very important to explore Frontier paroxysmal affair decision support system, in order to improve the capability in dealing with border incidents. In this paper, border incidents are clustered to several patterns by clustering method of data mining, and characteristic knowledge of these patterns which can effectively improve the capability in dealing with border incidents is discovered.


The purpose of our research was to verify the hypothesis that flat articular eminence is the result of progressive internal derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). 614 joints were classified into five diagnostic groups (stages of ID). The assessment of TMJ internal derangement was based on the sagittal plane magnetic resonance images (MRI). The steepness of articular eminence was determined by computerized axiography. The results of the study could not identify any correlation between steepness of articular eminence and progressive internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. These data suggest that any change of articular eminence steepness induced by remodelling or degenerative changes secondary to ID is not essential.


This paper presents a design and working principle for a combined powder-in-gas target. The excellent surface-to-volume ratio of micrometer-sized powder particles injected into a forced carrier-gas-driven environment provides optimal beam power-induced heat relief. Finely dispersed powders can be controlled by a combined pump-driven inward-spiraling gas flow and a fan structure in the center. Known proton-induced nuclear reactions on isotopically enriched materials such as 68Zn and 100Mo were taken into account to be conceptually remodeled as a powder-in-gas target assembly, which was compared to thick target designs. The small irradiation chambers that were modeled in our studies for powdery 'thick' targets with a mass thickness (g/cm2) comparable to 68Zn and 100Mo resulted in the need to load 2.5 and 12.6 grams of the isotopically enriched target material, respectively, into a convective 7-bar pressured helium cooling circuit for irradiation, with ion currents and entrance energies of 0.8 (13 MeV) and 2 mA (20 MeV), respectively. Current densities of ~2 μA/mm2 (20 MeV), induces power loads of up to 4 kW/cm2. Moreover, the design work showed that this powder-in-gas target concept could potentially be applied to other radionuclide production routes that involve powdery starting materials. Although the modeling work showed good convective heat relief expectations for micrometer-sized powder, more detailed mathematical investigation on the powder-in-gas target restrictions, electrostatic behavior, and erosion effects during irradiation are required for developing a real prototype assembly.


During the past few years interest has been shown by worsted manufacturers and top makers in a quick, accurate, and convenient method of judging the fineness, staple and strength of a wool top. Many methods have been proposed to determine these important attributes of wool top quality. The methods differ widely as to their practicability, ease of making determinations, and agreement with the results of top appraisers. The scope of the present series of reports will be to discuss the various methods, their advantages and disadvantages as well as their adaptability to commercial practice. This investigation will be divided into four general classifications: (a) Fineness (b) Staple (c) Strength (d) Top Standards The first three reports of this series will deal with methods for the determination of the attributes of fineness, staple and strength, that have been found to be most reliable in commercial practice. The last of this series will deal with the setting up of a series of top standards for commercial use.


KEYWORD: Gate dam; Concrete cutoff wall; Seepage-stress coupling; Stress and deformatio ABSTRACT: In order to study the stress and deformation characteristics of concrete cutoff wall in deep overburden foundation and the influence of seepage-stress coupling on the cutoff wall, combined with a practical project, using Abaqus finite element calculation software, the whole threedimensional finite element model of the dam is built to calculate. The results show that the stress and deformation are concentrated in the top of the cutoff wall, and show the tendency of decreasing with the depth increased. By comparing the results of stress and deformation of concrete cutoff wall with consider or not consider seepage-stress coupling, founded that when consider the coupling effect, the displacement and the principal stress of cutoff wall varied at some degree. Therefore, ignoring the seepage-stress coupling can lead to the result of stress and deformation of the concrete cutoff wall is small.


that the diagnosis in these cases could be made on one symlptoln. The diagnosis had nearly always to be made on a combination of symptoms. Except Koplik's spots in measles, there was no one symptom which could be said to be distinctive. Of all these diseases the nost difficult to diagnose was scarlet fever. No single symptom was characteristic of scarlet fever-not the rash. nor the faucial lesions, nior the " strawberiy tongue " (for an instance of " strawberry tongue " he would go first to the measles ward), nor the peeling. The diagnosis of scarlet fever could only be made on a combination and sequence of signs and syvnptoms. With regard to measles, he did not think that the anomalous cases were quite so common as in scarlet fever. The rash, however, might be extremely slight, hardly noticeable at all, and there were some cases in which Koplik's spots were not present or were so transient as to be missed. He believed also that rubella might exist withlout any rash. With regard to fourth disease, or " pam-a-scarlet," he could not say that he had ever seen this disease in epidemic form. It was said to be a searlatiniform variety of rubella, but of this he had always been rather sceptical. Speaking of rashes which might lead to a mistaken diagnosis, he said that the rash in rubella in the second stage was very like that of scarlet fever, and so was the rash in the later stage of measles. The rashes of chicken-pox and small-pox, and even occasionally of typhus, might be extremely like scarlet fever. Enema rashes also might be mistaken for scarlet fever or even for measles. The rash of scarlet fever might also be simulated by drug rashes, especially those due to quinine, and another confusing condition was recurrent scarlatiniform erythema. Again, influenza might cause a similar rash to scarlet fever. The most comntion drug to produce a rash like measles was antitoxic serum. Septic rashes were never scarlatiniform, but frequentlv morobilliform. He had seen encephalitis twice diagnosed as measles. But all these cases had other symptoms quite iincoml)atible with measles, and it was usually only a miiatter callinig for a little investigation to clear pl) the diagnosis. Dr. G. E. FRIEND (Christ's hlospital) gave particulars of a number of epideinics of measles, scarlet fever, rubella, and fourth disease. In fourteen out of twenty-eight epidemics the number of cases in an epidemic was fewer than ten. He described a considerable epidemuic in 1916 which began as rubella and wenit on as scarlet fever. It comprised 204 cases in all, including 11 cases of definite scarlet fever with 1 death, 45 cases of " para-scarlet," or fouirth disease, with 1 death, and 148 cases of rubella with nio death. He pointed out certain differences in the description of the rash in rubella, as given in the works of Osler, of Allbutt and Rolleston, and in school textbooks, and for his own part declared his belief that there was only one type of rash for any one acute infection. The rose-red papiule in rubella was always present at first, thoug;h later it tended to become a morbilliform rash. The fact that three types of rash were so commonly described in rubella was good evidence that there was considerable diversity of opinion with regard to that condition. This led him to speak of " para-scarlet," of which condition he had found two varieties, and in both he believed the causal organism to be a haemolytic streptococcus, which had been found in 96 per cent. of the cases swabbed. In 75 per cent. of cases of measles he had found Koplik's spots two days before the appearance of the rash oni the body; in 20 per cent. of cases he had found this sign within a shorter interval, though still definitely appearing before the rash; and in the remaining cases the appearance was coincident with the rash. He emphasized the lneed for basing the diagnosis on a combination of symptoms before a definite opinion was ventured, especially on a first case of scarlet fever. In a short discussion Dr. GRAHAM 'ORBES asked whether there could be a definite recurrence of mleasles, apart from nmere relapse, to which Dr. GOODALL replied that he had seen two cases of imeasles, but only two, with secolnd attacks developing within a few monlths. Dr. ELwTIN NASH said thlat the rash which was the medical officer's bugbear w-as thawt of modlern scarlet fever, whiich was simulatedl by so many rashes of other kinlds. Dr. C. E. SHELLY attributed the appearance of " para"5 forms ofe disease to thle differentt degrees of struggle w-hich the pathogenic organism underwent in the effort at survival; and to this Dr. GOODALL replied that he believed organisms had two different functions-one, infectivity pure and simple, and the other, what might be called virulence, exerting itself chiefly in damage to the host, and that one or other of these might in different cases be in the ascendant.


Contents: Preview: Introduction The former prophets. Looking through the glass: Prophets and prophecy in Jeremiah and Kings Prophets through the looking glass: between writings and Moses Gideon: hacking at the heart of the Old Testament Amos and apocalyptic: vision, prophecy, revelation The making of David and Goliath Solomon at Gibeon: history glimpsed Vision of a new future? Solomon and the Deuteronomists Prophets shared - but recycled What was the main source of the Books of Chronicles? What if the chronicler did use the Deuteronomistic history?. A Further View: Re-reading Samuel (historically): 'Etwas mehr Nichtwissen' History - interpretation - theology: issues in biblical religion From king to prophet in Samuel and Kings Bearing the burden of David's guilt The Deuteronomists and the former prophets, or what makes the former prophets Deuteronomistic? The Deuteronomists between history and theology Samuel and Genesis: some questions of John Van Seters' 'Yahwist' Tamar between David, Judah and Joseph Leviticus at the heart of the Pentateuch? Leviticus: after Exodus and before Numbers Samuel, Numbers and the Yahwist-question Counting sheep, sins, and sour grapes: the primacy of the primary history?. Bibliography Indexes.


The Amended Korean Commercial Code(2011) has introduced the electronic registration system of stocks and corporate bonds by accepting the trend of dematerialization or electronization of securities. Corporate bonds are commonly issuing the type of bearer bonds as most of the rules for corporate bonds require the issuance of certificate in the current Korean Commercial Code. Therefore, the electronic registration system for corporate bonds differs from that of stocks in details. Also the legislative supplementation should be required prior to the implementation of the electronic registration. Firstly, it should be stipulated that the issuance of certificates is forbidden in order to clarify the paperless system. And it is necessary that the electronic bonds should be considered as a completely new type, because there is no difference between bearer bonds and registered bonds due to the nature of electronic registrations. Secondly, it is possible that the electronic bonds could be treated as registered bonds according to the essence. In this case, the issuing company should fill in bondholder`s book in line with the notice of the electronic registration institution, and the procedure of transfer could be exempted. Thirdly, if the type of bearer bonds is kept up, it is mandatory to make a certificate of electronic registration to deposit or to present to the issuing company in order to exercise the bond`s right. Regards to this, when an issuing company adopts the electronic voting system, it should prepare for the procedure that bondholders apply for the issuance of certificates in advance. On the one hand, it is desirable to construct a single legal system for the electronic registration regime because it affects all securities under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act as well as the Commercial Code.


The object of investigation in this paper is a nonlinear ordinary differential equation obtained by means of self-similar reduction of the generalized Burgers equation $u_t+u^\beta u_x+\lambda u^\alpha=\delta u_{xx}$ with the nonlinear damping term $\lambda u^\alpha$. More exactly, the authors study the initial value problem $g"+2\eta g'+2\beta^{-1}g-2^{3/2}g^\beta g'-4\lambda g^\alpha=0$, $g(0)=\nu$, $g'(0)=0$ by using both numerical and analytical methods. Here $\alpha>0$, $\beta=(\alpha-1)/2>0$, $\lambda$, $\delta>0$ and $\nu >0$ are constants. Existence of positive bounded solutions with exponential and algebraic types of decay to zero at infinity is proved for special ranges of parameters.


Two gamma titanium aluminides (Daido RNT650 and HOWMET 45XD) with fully lamellar structure but with different colony sizes were studied using a single-grit pendulum (rotational) scratch tester in order to assess their abrasive wear resistances. The maximum depth of groove was ∼ 0.07 mm and the scratch velocity used was ∼ 1 m/s. Normal and tangential forces were monitored during each scratch. The material removal mechanisms were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and also measured using a laser profilometer. Extensive thermal softening was observed. Sizable fractures were revealed in the transverse direction; however, the role of these fractures in the chip formation depends on the microstructure of materials and the size of groove. The tribological properties were characterized by instantaneous specific energy and scratch hardness as related to the depth of the groove. The overall response of materials can be effectively characterized by the HEM (Hwang-Evans-Malkin) model and the PSR (proportional specimen resistance) model, even though the underlining material removal might be subjected to the different mechanisms. The TiAl with the larger colony or grain size exhibits a strong resistance to material loss or material removal (higher depth-independent specific energy) while exhibiting lower scratch hardness. The obtained depth-independent specific energy and scratch hardness can be used to screen the candidate materials depending on whether the application is sliding or impact dominant.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The member countries of World Tourism Organization (WTO) at its 13th General Assembly in Santiago, Chile adopted the new Global Code of Ethics for Tourism on 1 October 1999. Acclaimed for its lofty goals and coverage, the Code soon became the reference point for debates on a wide spectrum of issues relating to tourism such as sustainable development, equity and protection of local cultures. The formulation of the Code was the culmination of a process of debates and deliberations within the global civil society as well as tourism industry on the negative impacts of tourism on environment and on cultural heritage and growing doubts on the claims that tourism benefits the residents of tourism destinations.


In this paper, an advanced spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG) with triangular modulation is presented. It is more compact than general frequency jittering circuit. Furthermore, the circuit minimizes effect caused by leakage current. A theoretical analysis of the frequency modulation process and some considerations about the influence of the modulation parameters are also pointed out in this paper. The proposed SSCG can generate clocks of 132KHz with center spread ratios of 6.06%, 3.03%, 1.51% and 0.75%. The proposed circuit has been fabricated in a 0.5μm BCD process, and was applied to a fly-back switching converter. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analyses.


Background:
 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent predictor of mortality. It is hypothesized that an increase in mortality in patients with AF is due to the presence of a thrombus in the left atrial appendage (LAA). However, data supporting this is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine if the presence of a LAA thrombus in patients with AF is associated with an increase in all cause mortality and whether or not it is an independent predictor of mortality.

 Methods:
 A total of 2918 patients with AF underwent trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) prior to cardioversion at a tertiary care hospital from 1999 to 2012. Subjects with history of a LAA ligation or resection, rheumatic heart disease, cardiac transplant, watchman device, and prosthetic valve were excluded. Patients who had multiple TEE studies, only the first TEE study was included. Subjects were then classified based on presence or absence of a LAA thrombus and followed for all cause mortality.

 Results:
 Of the 1900 patients included, 146 (7.7%) were found to have a LAA thrombus. Kaplan Meier mortality analysis showed a significantly higher all cause mortality rate in patients with a LAA thrombus (n=67, 45.9%) compared to those without a LAA thrombus (n=458, 26.1%) (p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that a LAA thrombus is not predictive of independent mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 1.079; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.823-1.415; p=0.58). The greater mortality is attributable to age (p<0.001), congestive heart failure (p<0.001), stroke (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.0015), vascular disease (p=0.0119), ischemic cardiomyopathy (p=0.0218), pulmonary disease (p<0.001), dyslipidemia (p=0.0178), and chronic kidney disease (p<0.001). Data was reassessed considering the possibility that thrombus size was the cause of this increase in mortality; however, that was also shown not to be an independent predictor of mortality (HR, 1.085; 95% CI, 0.9-1.308; p=0.393).

 Conclusion:
 In a large cohort of patients with AF undergoing TEE prior to cardioversion, we concluded that the presence of a thrombus in the LAA was associated with a higher degree of mortality. However, after adjusting for coexisting conditions it was found not to be an independent predictor of mortality.


Objective: Deep vein thrombosis leads to postthrombotic syndrome in the long term. The risk of developing a postthrombotic syndrome increases when anticoagulation is the only treatment. Methods of catheter-directed thrombolysis were developed because of the high bleeding risk of systemic thrombolytic therapy. Along with hybrid approaches catheter-directed thrombolysis aims to reduce the frequency of post-thrombotic syndrome. We retrospectively report the early and follow-up results of our patients in whom we performed catheter-directed thrombolysis. Method: Thirty-one patients aged 23-87 years had been diagnosed with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis (≤15 days' duration). Catheter-directed thrombolysis and if needed stent implantations were performed successfully. The patients who had a thrombosis of the inferior vena cava also underwent the placement of a vena cava filter. Patients were evaluated at 1, 6 and 12 months. Villalta scores were also determined for the diagnosis of postthrombotic syndrome. Results: Nineteen patients had a thrombus in the iliofemoral vein. The thrombus was extending to the inferior vena cava in six patients. In 12 patients the thrombus was in the femoropopliteal vein. Six patients whose thrombus extended to the inferior vena cava, underwent venous filter placement. In five of the patients with iliofemoral-thrombus, intraoperative control venography revealed iliac stenosis. This stenosis was treated with iliac stent implantation. Clot lysis was complete (>90% lysis) in twelve, partial (50-90% lysis) in seven of the 19 iliofemoral-thrombus patients. Ten femoropopliteal-thrombus patients achieved a complete and two a partial clot-lysis. There was minor bleeding in two patients. Major bleeding was not reported. Conclusion: Catheter-directed thrombolysis reduces the frequency of postthrombotic syndrome. Residual venous obstruction after catheter-directed thrombolysis should be treated by balloon dilatation/stent implantation to prevent re-thrombosis. We believe that treatment with a hybrid approach may be more effective in protecting patients from postthrombotic syndrome.


This paper analyses the obstacles of subject service in small and medium-sized university libraries from the following aspects,including expenditures,human resource,readers,conception,etc.Furthermore,it puts forward countermeasures to overcome these obstacles.


This paper deals with a method of designing a dynamic damper with the preview action proposed in the previous papers. It is the purpose of this paper to achieve an optimal design of the dynamic damper with the preview action, which is applied to a vibratory system with damping. First, in order to attain a systematic design of the dynamic damper system, a modern control theory is used, and two kinds of design equations are derived ; one for optimal design parameters and the other for optimal preview action. Then, from the viewpoint of nonlinear programming, these equations are solved, presenting design charts of the dynamic damper with the preview action. Furthermore, a dominant factor of the control effect is investigated. Finally, the design procedure proposed in the present paper is applied to a conventional dynamic damper, and the control effect for the suppression of impact vibration is discussed.


Fast food is high in calories and fat. Consuming fast food excessively can cause various health problems, including obesity. This study aims to determine the factors related to the behavior of fast food consumption in adolescents at SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta in 2022. The research design was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection in this study was carried out in April - May 2022 with a population of 884. A total of 200 respondents as samples were collected and processed using the Quota Sampling sampling technique. This research employs univariate,  bivariate, and Chi-Square test analysis methods. The results of the univariate analysis of most categories showed that adolescents often consumed fast food (51%), female gender (59.5%), had good knowledge (65%), had a positive attitude (59%), had a positive body image (56%), has high pocket money (66.5%), is not affected by social media (68.5%), not affected by peers (78%) and unaffected by promotion (65%). The bivariate analysis showed a relationship between knowledge (p-value= 0.000; PR= 2.566; 95% CI= 1.661-3.963), body image (p-value= 0.035; PR= 1.381; 95% CI= 1.042-1.830) , pocket money (p-value= 0.046; PR= 1.369; 95% CI= 1.039-1.804), and the influence of promotion (p-value = 0.009; PR= 1.572; 95% CI= 1.109-2.229) on fast food consumption behavior.


approved: ____________________________________________ Chih-hung Chang Lanthanum sulfide film was deposited on silicon dioxide substrate by pumping aqueous LaCl3∙7H2O and Na2S∙9H2O solutions into a T-mixer. After mixing, residence time was manipulated to adjust lanthanum sulfide deposition rate. Lanthanum sulfide films were created on silicon dioxide substrate at room temperature, 60 °C, and at 100 °C. Lanthanum sulfide films were analyzed for particle size and crystalline structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The film material bandgap was characterized to be about 3.5 eV from UV-Vis analysis. TEM results indicate that the film grown has both polycrystalline and amorphous regions. Particle size was determined to range from ~1-50 nm after 20 seconds of deposition. The growth profile for lanthanum sulfide deposition follows a linear trend at room temperature.


Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) blockade therapy, an immune checkpoint treatment, can induce hypophysitis or hypopituitarism as an immune‐related adverse event (pituitary irAE). We aimed to clarify the clinical features of pituitary irAEs during PD‐1 blockade therapy.


Resource on the method of time limited resource leveling plays an important role in modern project management, time and resource can more coordinating through it. In this paper, we mostly research two methods of resource optimization: optimization of resource leveling within fixed completion time and optimization of time least within limited resource.


This paper provides a novel approach to design an adaptive memetic algorithm by utilizing the composite benefits of Artificial Bee Colony for global search and Q-learning for local refinement. Four variants of Differential Evolution including the currently best Self-adaptive Differential Evolution algorithm have been used here to study the relative performance of the proposed adaptive memetic algorithm with respect to runtime, cost function evaluation and accuracy (offset in cost function from the theoretical optimum after termination of the algorithm). Computer simulations undertaken on a well-known set of 25 benchmark functions reveals that incorporation of Q-learning in Artificial Bee Colony makes the corresponding algorithm more efficient in both runtime and accuracy. The performance of the proposed adaptive memetic algorithm has also been studied on a multi-robot path-planning problem.


We realized a 85mm short cavity Fabry-Perot optical parametric oscillator by using high performance reflection mirror, and the experimental results of the THz wave output with this 85mm short cavity parametric oscillator based on the MgO:LiNbO 3 Crystal are reported. Compared with the conventional 160mm parametric oscillator, the threshold decreases by 22.3%, the peak energy output of THz wave increases by 170%, the frequency tuning range increases from 0.5—2.4THz to 0.8—3.0THz. The THz wave linewidth was measured by using a Fabry-Perot interferometer based on the metal mesh plate.


Hydrogen peroxide generating alcohol oxidase (membrane bound) and aldehyde oxidase (cytosolic) were detected in tissues of the giant African land snail Achatina fulica. The highest specific activities were found in the kidney followed by the digestive gland. Solubilised digestive gland alcohol oxidase had a pH optimum of approximately 7.2. The enzyme oxidises a broad range of aromatic and aliphatic (C2C16) primary alcohols. Subcellular fractionation of digestive gland homogenate indicates that alcohol oxidase is most likely located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cytosolic aldehyde oxidase was active with aromatic and aliphatic aldehyde but is not active with purines. A digestive role is suggested for these two enzymes. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.


On the base of analyzing how to develop file enc/decryption system based on VFS of Solaris with the technology of redirection of system call and how to make it work with OS seamlessly,the author make progress on the simple model of file enc/decryption system and gives the improved model of file enc/decryption system.The result shows that the improved model has better efficiency and reduces the impact to the OS on performance effectively.


A NEW SUGAR-FREE CALORIE CHEWING-GUM WITH POLYDEXTROSE IS PREPARED AS THE SOLE SOLUBLE AGENT PROVIDING THE BODY. THIS CHEWING-GUM COMPRISES 65 TO 85 BY WEIGHT SPRAY-DRIED POLYDEXTROSE HAVING A MOISTURE CONTENT LESS THAN 1.5 AND 15 TO 35 BY WEIGHT OF A BASE GUM AND A MOISTURE CONTENT OF 1 TO 5 BY WEIGHT.


We experimentally demonstrate wavelength conversion of spectrum-sliced broadband ASE light source based on hybrid four-wave mixing in a 1-km-long highly nonlinear fiber. The 3-dB conversion bandwidth is measured to be 38 nm.


AbstractIt is shown that accelerated testing can be used to predict losses at given times of storage in cycled testing. This is useful, since temperatures of storage are never totally constant, and the concept has been illustrated by assuming an average temperature of 25°C and a fluctuation of 5°C


The Quantitative Reasoning Center (QRC) at USAFA has the institution's primary responsibility for offering after hours extra instruction (EI) in core technical disciplines (mathematics, chemistry, physics, and engineering mechanics). Demand has been tremendous, totaling over 3600 evening EI sessions in the Fall of 2010. Meeting this demand with only four (now five) full time faculty has been challenging. EI Videos have been produced to help serve cadets in need of well-modeled solutions to homework-type problems. These videos have been warmly received, being viewed over 14,000 times in Fall 2010 and probably contributing to a significant increase in the first attempt success rate on the Algebra Fundamental Skills Exam in Calculus 1. EI Video production is being extended to better support Calculus 2, Calculus 3, and Physics 1.


— Nonuniform sampling occurs in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TI-ADC) due to timing mismatches between the individual channel analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Such nonuniformly sampled output will degrade the achievable resolution in a TI-ADC. To restore the degraded performance, digital time-varying reconstructors can be used at the output of the TI-ADC, which in principle, converts the nonuniformly sampled output sequence to a uniformly sampled output. As the bandwidth of these reconstructors increases, their complexity also increases rapidly. Also, since the timing errors change occasionally, it is important to have a reconstructor architecture that requires fewer coefficient updates when the value of the timing error changes. Multivariate polynomial impulse response reconstructor is an attractive option for an í µí±€-channel reconstructor. If the channel timing error varies within a certain limit, these reconstructors do not need any online redesign of their impulse response coefficients. This paper proposes a technique that can be applied to multivariate polynomial impulse response reconstructors in order to further reduce the number of fixed-coefficient multipliers, and thereby reduce the implementation complexity.


A key to the genera of Ricaniidae occurring in Australia is provided along with an annotated checklist of the described species in each genus. Taxonomic changes include transfer ofPrivesa pronotalis Distant to Aprivesa Melichar as Aprivesa pronotalis (Distant) comb. nov. and transfer of Busas Jacobi to the Tropiduchidae: Gaetuliini. Ricania fusconebulosa Lallemand and R. pedicellata Jacobi are both trans- ferred to the genus Euricania Melichar as Euricania fusconebulosa (Lallemand) comb. nov. and Euricania pedicellata (Jacobi) comb. nov. Epithalamium moirae sp. nov. is described from Western Australia. The known Australian Ricaniidae fauna includes 29 species in 10 genera.


We investigate correlation and magnetic field effects on the mobility and resistivity of a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas in an InP/In1−xGaxAs/InP quantum well at arbitrary temperatures. We study the dependence of the mobility and resistivity on the carrier density, magnetic field, layer thickness and temperature for alloy disorder and impurity scattering using different approximations for the local-field correction. Multiple scattering effects and the possibility of a metal-insulator transition, which might happen at low density for unpolarized and fully polarized electron gas, are also considered.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the slow decline of cognition and functional abilities over time. The diagnosis for probable and possible AD relies principally on clinical criteria. The confirmation of the disease is made post-mortem by identifying extracellular senile plaques and intraneuronal fibrillary tangles in the brains of subjects with clinically defined dementia. However, the field critically lacks validated AD specific peripheral biomarkers to support the diagnosis in living patients or for early detection of patients at risk before symptoms appear. BACE1 (Beta site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1) cleaves Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) at two beta sites and represents a key target enzyme in the monitoring and possible treatment of AD. The secretome of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells contain amyloid beta degrading Neprilysin and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), both known factors in influencing Alzheimer Disease. In our preliminary study, we evaluated the usefulness of salivary BACE1 to determine risk to develop AD in clinically normal patients and the influence of the secretome of MSCs on BACE1 levels in saliva. A preliminary in house laboratory grading system for BACE1 content in saliva was established with high levels of salivary BACE1 present in older patients and putatively at risk to develop AD. Salivary BACE1 levels were significantly reduced in patients receiving intramuscular adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome. BACE1 seems to be a useful biomarker to help diagnose AD and to monitor disease progression, and remarkable regression, when treated with stem cell secretome.


The employment of wireless mesh networking in real- life scenarios has attracted substantial research interest in recent years and in this context VoIP has become a ubiquitous application. However, it has been demonstrated that VoIP transmissions over a multihop network may still remain inadequate in terms of their high packet-loss ratio and network- induced delays. To alleviate these limitations, we propose a novel distributed MAC-layer cooperation protocol, which is based on the decode-and-forward regime, whilst relying on the lowest possible control packet overhead. Furthermore, we employ several improvements across the protocol stack, including an improved PHY-layer, based on three- stage turbo-style differential detection, packet aggregation in the MAC-layer, as well as on adjusting the retransmission limit of each packet in order to reduce the delay imposed when employing cooperation. We characterize our improved system in a Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) scenario using the OMNeT++ network simulator and compare it to an 802.11g-based benchmarker. As a benefit of these techniques, we have observed up to 10-fold reduction in the energy consumption per bit, despite increasing the number of simultaneous calls supported by up to 9, when the number of hops between the sources and destination is 6.


In this paper, considering a class of dynamic systems with external disturbances and actuator faults, a novel observer which can estimate the state and the fault signal simultaneously is proposed. The estimation technology is applicable for the linear system with actuator fault and nonlinear system with Lipschitz conditions. Firstly, the sufficient existences conditions of the observer are discussed; then the structure of the fault observer is constructed to enhance the performance of fault estimation, the H∞ performance robust to the external disturbances is guaranteed through Lyapunov approach. Finally, the numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique with near-histological resolution that allows evaluation of the morphological and structural characteristics of the skin. In this context, the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the application of a cosmetic formulation on the skin morphological characteristics by RCM. The study included six female subjects, aged 40 to 50 years. Measurements in terms of epidermis thickness, dermal papillae depth (DPD), interkeratinocytes brightness (IB), furrows morphology, skin surface homogeneity (SSH), honeycomb pattern, skin hyperpigmentation, dermal papillae and dermis morphology were performed using RCM before and after a 90-day period of formulation application on the face. The studied formulation showed a significance increase of DPD after the 90 day period, showing an improvement on the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). In addition, an increase of IB in the granular layer and an improvement of dermis morphology were observed after the treatment. In conclusion, the obtained results by RCM showed an improvement of morphological characteristics of the skin after application of the studied cosmetic formulation for 90 day period when compared to the initial baseline, as it improved epidermis and dermoepidermal junction morphology. Keywords: Clinical efficacy, Reflectance Confocal Microscopy, cosmetic formulation


Introduction: Many teenagers still do not have appropriate understanding about HIV/AIDS. This condition can lead to HIV/AIDS-related stigma which can be a barrier in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between knowledge and HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Senior High School Students in Tanggul District Jember. Method: The design of this study was correlation analytic with cross sectional approach. A total of 165 students from three senior high schools in Tanggul district were enrolled in this study by applying purposive sampling technique. Data were gathered in October 2015 by using questionnaires of HIV/AIDS knowledge and HIV/AIDS-related stigma. A chi-square test was performed to analyze the data. Result: The results revealed that 61.2% of respondents had good knowledge and 38.8% of respondents had less knowledge about HIV/AIDS. In terms of stigma, 52.1% of respondents did not have stigma and 47.9% of respondents had stigma toward HIV/AIDS. Chi-square test showed a significant correlation between knowledge and HIV/AIDS-related stigma (p=0.042, α=0.05). Respondents with less knowledge were more likely to have stigma toward HIV/AIDS (OR=1.92; 95% CI= 1.021-3.631). Conclusion : It indicates the importance of HIV/AIDS education programs to provide proper knowledge among high school students so that HIV/AIDS-related stigma can be reduced. Keywords : HIV/AIDS, knowledge, stigma


The budget of all countries, large or small, developed or developing, are supplied mainly from compulsory levies. Everywhere, so budget revenues is about tax, by compulsory taxes. Collection of these requirements may be: tax (tax on the exact meaning of the word) or para (contributions). It can be seen that the range of fiscal instruments is very wide and, as things stand everywhere, does not seem to stop here. This is because fiscal instruments are less politically risky and more financially profitable. In this regard, the number and size of taxes, there are countries that are part of the so-called tax haven countries and living a true fiscal nightmare.


It is argued that rather than a well defined F‐Twist, Milton Friedman's 'Methodology of positive economics' offers an F‐Mix: a pool of ambiguous and inconsistent ingredients that can be used for putting together a number of different methodological positions. This concerns issues such as the very concept of being unrealistic, the goal of predictive tests, the as‐if formulation of theories, explanatory unification, social construction, and more. Both friends and foes of Friedman's essay have ignored its open‐ended unclarities. Their removal may help create common ground for more focused debate in economics.


Adopting TRD301 code to calculate the fatigue life of boiler drum. Based on the optimization theory, by setting the time interval of each pressure variation stage as optimal variable, an optimal model is developed to reduce the fatigue damage in boiler drum and cut down the time consumed in the startup process. The curves of cold state startup and hot state startup process are presented with the optimal model. According to optimal curve to startup, boiler drum not only reduces fatigue damage, but also cut down the startup time. The method is successfully applied to a 1025T/H boiler drum of 310 MW thermal power unit. The model has significance for engineering applications. (5 pages)


Benefiting from the unprecedented superiority of phase change material on manipulating electromagnetic wave, germanium antimony telluride-based optical devices attract a lot of attention. Here, based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase, reflective metasurfaces are presented by using phase change material-germanium antimony telluride (Ge3Sb2Te6). They can manipulate reflection mode of terahertz wave and realize some functions. In order to verify this, three examples are numerically demonstrated, and they are gradient metasurface, vortex beam generator, and focusing lens. First of all, Ge3Sb2Te6 blocks are used to construct reflective wavefront of gradient metasurface, and then realize switching between anomalous reflection and mirror reflection. Secondly, vortex beam generators are designed with |<italic>l</italic>| = 1 and |<italic>l</italic>| = 2, and mode number of orbital angular momentum is reconstructed through the switching of Ge3Sb2Te6 between crystalline state and amorphous state. Finally, a reflective lens is presented, whose focus appears or disappears under different circular polarizations. By adjusting phase state of Ge3Sb2Te6, dynamic adjustment of focusing intensity is realized. Our design may have potential applications in the fields of terahertz switching and communication.


Medium voltage power conversion is generally favored for future large wind turbines, e.g. 10MW, in terms of higher power density, reduced current level and associated losses and cost of power cables, switchgears, etc. This paper has presented and compared three potential high-power, mediumvoltage (e.g. 10kV) multilevel modular wind power converter topologies based on a generalized converter structure with different types of isolation. The topology with a 10kV generator, a modular power converter and a multi-winding step-up transformer has been specifically investigated and the control strategy has been developed. Further, a solution to reduce the large dc-link capacitance has been proposed in order to minimize the system cost, size and improve the system reliability. A proportional-integral-resonant (PIR) controller is therefore adopted to regulate the three-phase inverter power to compensate the low-frequency power ripple from the H-bridge side, without negatively affecting the sinusoidal current fed into the grid. Simulation results with a 10MW, 10kV system have validated the proposed converter topology and control strategy, which can achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) as well as reduced dc-link voltage ripple.


L.)] growing in the wild (Fig. 1). In April 2005, rust-like symptoms were observed on affected plants in the field and samples were collected for laboratory diagnosis. Foliar symptoms on recent plant growth included circular purplish leaf spots 1.5 to 2 mm in diameter on the adaxial leaf surface, usually with yellow to tan centers, and hypophyllous yellowish-orange aecia and uredinia on the abaxial surface. Aeciospores were globose or ellipsoid, 25 to 30 microns in diameter, with hyaline walls 1 to 2 microns thick and echinulate with spines 2.5 microns thick by 1.5 microns high. Uredinia were similar in appearance to aecia, but slightly smaller (1 to 2 mm in diameter) on average (Fig. 2). Urediniospores were similar in size and appearance to aeciospores, but more broadly ellipsoid and with slightly thicker walls (2.5 microns). Paraphyses observed in aecia and uredinia (Fig. 3) were hyaline, clavate-capitate, incurved, and 53 to 75 microns by 8 to 25 microns in size. Telia were observed on older infected leaves from the previous year. The telia were similar to uredinia, but were black instead of yellowish-orange and slightly smaller (1 to 1.5 mm in diameter). Teliospores were cylindrical, 3- to 5-celled (Fig. 4), not or slightly constricted at the septa, and rounded at the apex with a rounded hyaline papilla 3 to 9 microns long by 5 to 8 microns wide. Three-celled teliospores excluding the papilla were 50 to 58 microns long by 30 to 33 microns wide, four-celled teliospores were 65 to 72 microns long by 30 to 31 microns wide, and five-celled teliospores were 90 to 93 microns long by 28 to 29 microns wide. Teliospore walls were dark brown, heavily warted, and 5 to 6 microns thick. Pedicels were hyaline, 68 to 103 microns long by 8 to 10 microns thick at the neck and swollen below to 13 to 20 microns. Based on morphological characteristics, the rust fungus most closely resembled


Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients in Isfahan province. Materials and Methods: Gastric antrum biopsy specimens of patients undergoing endoscopy were cultured. The samples with the growth of H. pylori underwent antibiotic susceptibility test by disk diffusion method. Reaults: Of 96 samples, 50 samples (53%) were positive for H. pylori. The rates of antibiotic resistance were as follows: amoxicillin, 6%; azithromycin, 20%; furazolidone, 22%; levofloxacin, 16%; metronidazole, 20%; rifampin, 12%; and tetracycline, 22%. Conclusion: H. pylori strains in our area have high rates of resistance to azithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and furazolidone.


Pursuant to result of conducted perception and research at District of Sukajadi Bandung City, researcher find problems low employee discipline. This matter seen from indicator: Sanctions or penalties. With sanctions and penalties would be fearful employee misconduct. The lack of sanctions or penalties for officials who violate the rules as their employees who come late even negligent in filling absent. The problems allegedly caused by the implementation of monitoring has not been done on the spot a strategic place or activity that is decisive. This is evident from the absence of checks on attendance Identify any obstacles encountered in the implementation of organizational behavior towards improving the discipline of employees working in the District Sukajadi Bandung. The method used is descriptive method of analysis, while the technique of research is the study of literature and field research that includes non pertisipan observation, interviews and questionnaires using techniques accidental distributed to 20 respondents. The obstacles in the implementation of supervision in improving employee discipline as follows. There is still lack of firmness in the leadership of punishment or sanctions that there are many employees who are less appreciate the time at work, and neglect that have not yet reached the desired level of work discipline. Attempts to overcome include: Head or Head of the District Subdivision Sukajadi tough on all misconduct that occurred slightest. So employees have a fear of repeating the same mistakes. The conclusions include Supervision in District Sukajadi Bandung conducted by Head or the head of the Subdivision has not fully used the principle the principle of supervision so that the work discipline employees who are not yet achieved the desired results. The suggestions from researchers including the District Head Sukajadi need to increase sanctions / penalties against employees at the same praise. Penalties can be deterrent to employees while praise to employees who are able to keep working disiplkin can cause morale for the employees themselves.


Plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane bound organelles involved mainly in intercellular communications and defense responses against pathogens. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of proteins, nucleic acids including small RNAs, and lipids along with other metabolites in plant EVs. In this paper, we described the isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from Sorghum bicolor. Nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, and cryo-electron tomography showed the presence of a heterogeneous population of EVs isolated from the apoplastic wash of sorghum leaves. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that EVs had a median size of 110 nm and distinct populations of vesicles with single or multiple lipid bilayers and low or high amounts of contents. The heterogeneity was further supported by data showing that only a subset of EVs that were stained with a membrane dye, Potomac Gold, were also stained with the membrane-permeant esterase-dependent dye, Calcein-acetoxymethyl ester. Proteomic analysis identified 437 proteins that were enriched in multiple EV isolations, with the majority of these also being found in the EV proteome of Arabidopsis. These data suggest a partial conservation of EV contents and function between the monocot, sorghum, and a distantly related eudicot, Arabidopsis.


IN MARVELOUS POSSESSIONS, STEPHEN GREENBLATT EXPLORES THE BENIGN and destructive aspects of the sense of wonder with which Renaissance Europeans reacted to their "discovery" of the Americas. He illuminates this sense of wonder by focusing on anecdotes. "As is appropriate for voyagers who thought they knew where they were going and ended up in a place whose existence they had never imagined," he writes, "the discourse of travel in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance is rarely, if ever, interesting at the level of sustained narrative and teleological design, but gripping at the level of anecdote.... They present the world not in stately and harmonious order but in a success of brief encounters, random experiences, isolated anecdotes of the unanticipated" (2). Greenblatt is a leader of a group of "new historicists," literary critics who are trying to place texts in historical context. Among Greenblatt's earlier books are Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare and Shakespearean Negotiations. Some other books associated with this group are Power on Display: The Politics of Shakespeare's Genres by Leonard Tennenhouse and Forms of Nationhood: The Elizabethan Writing of England by Richard Helgerson.1


Grassland ecosystem is one of the indispensable ecosystem types in the world, accounting for approximately 30% of global land area. However, due to overgrazing and other human activities, grassland ecosystem is increasingly seriously degraded. Soil microorganism, as an important component of grassland soil ecology, plays a key role in litter decomposition, material metabolism and circulation. According to the results of large previous literature, soil microbial community structure could be affected by vegetation characteristics, soil properties and other environmental factors. Not surprisingly, soil microbial community structure could also be affected by different soil management strategies, including grazing intensity. As grazing could directly affect plant growth, soil porosity, nitrogen circulation and soil microbial community characteristics, the soil microbial community could be not only directly affected by grazing intensity, but also indirectly affected by the vegetation characteristics and soil properties that had changed with difference in grazing intensity. Therefore, there has been no unified conclusion about the effect of grazing intensity on soil microbial community. To further clarify this question, we utilized 16S amplifiers absolute quantitative sequencing technology to analyze the absolute abundance, diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities of Stipa grandis grasslands under different grazing intensity in Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia, China in this study. The correlations with soil bacterial communities and their corresponding environmental factors were also analyzed. Our results suggested that soil bacterial diversity decreased at first and then increased with the increase of grazing intensity, and the evenness had no significant variation with the difference in grazing intensity. Grazing intensity significantly affected the composition of soil bacterial communities at the phylum level: with the increase of grazing intensity, the abundance of Verrucomicrobia decreased at first and then increased, the abundance of Planctomycetes and Gemmatimonadetes significantly decreased, and the abundance of Nitrospirae significantly increased. According to the redundancy analysis with vegetation characteristics and soil properties, it indicated that the dominant soil bacterial phyla showed significant correlations with soil pH value, number of Gramineous species, aboveground biomass of Gramineous species, total aboveground biomass, soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus and total nitrogen contents. This work could provide more scientific evidence for understanding of the effects of grazing intensity on soil bacterial community structure.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by high titers of somatically mutated autoantibodies (AutoAbs) that are produced by self-reactive B cells aberrantly selected within the germinal centers (GCs). Type 1 Interferon (IFNa) signaling is implicated in AutoAb mediated pathogenicity in SLE. However, a defined mechanism by which IFNa signaling may regulate the GC checkpoint is unknown. To understand how IFNa signaling regulates the spontaneously developed GC (Spt-GC) response and associated AutoAb production, we utilized B6.Sle1b mice that harbor the lupus-prone NZM2410 strain-derived SLAM locus. These mice exhibit elevated Spt-GC and follicular helper T cell (Tfh) responses that associate with impaired B cell selection in GCs. B6.Sle1b mice deficient in IFNα receptor1 (B6.Sle1b. IFNaR1-/-) had significantly fewer Spt-GC B cells and Tfh cells than B6.Sle1b mice, and exhibited defects in B cell proliferation in vitro. These defects correlated with decreased viability of the IFNaR1-/- B cells, indicating that GC B cell survival requires IFNaR1 signaling. Histological analysis suggests that follicular dendritic cells may produce IFNa in the GC to promote B cell survival. The reduced GC numbers in B6.Sle1b.IFNαR1-/- mice resulted in markedly decreased total IgG Ab titers, including self-reactive AutoAbs. Together, our findings indicate that IFNa signaling helps aberrantly selected GC B cells survive in the Spt-GCs leading to AutoAb production.


We present spectrally resolved observations of triatomic carbon (C3) in several ro-vibrational transitions between the vibrational ground state and the low-energy ν2 bending mode at frequencies above 1.6 THz using HIFI onboard Herschel, towards several Galactic star forming regions including W31C, W49N, DR21(OH), W33A and W51. These observations have been performed as part of the Herschel key programme PRISMAS. C3 lines arising from the warm envelopes surrounding the hot cores associated with these star forming regions are detected in absorption. We shall present results of detailed radiative transfer models in which the C3 lines are excited by FIR pumping by the dust continuum.


If G is a graph that minimally does not embed in a nonorientable surface, then each edge of G is in a subdivision of either K3.3 or K5. However, there is an example of a graph that minimally does not embed in the torus and some edge is in no subdivision of either K3.3 or K5.


Inclusive education—based on the premise of social justice—advocates equal ac-cess to educational opportunities for all students. Thi s research provides insight into the inclusive experiences of school principals in a Canadian rural school dis-trict through quantitative and qualitative inquiries. A survey was administered to 16 school administrators, and following initial data analysis, individual inter-views with four school principals were carried out as part of a multi-perspective case study of students with special needs. Overall, inclusion was viewed in a posi-tive light and extended beyond classroom placement to meeting the needs of diverse groups of students within the regular classroom. The r esponsibilities and strategies of the principals that support inclusion are outlined and other factors that contribute to effe ctive inclusion identifie d. Key


Well-preserved specimens freed from matrix by formic acid permit study of internal morphological features, as well as exteriors of shells. Based on such material, ten species of inarticulate brachiopods (all previously described by WALCOTT) are redescribed in detail for the purpose of reporting variation in many characters. The species are distributed among nine genera (five new) classed in the families Acrotretidae, Siphonotretidae, and Obolidae. Biometric data are recorded both numerically and graphically, thus adding precision to descriptive differentiation.


In indoor location environment, shadowing, multipath and reflection phenomena make the position estimation inaccurate. Large number of Access Points (APs) equipped with single antenna could obtain enough Receive Signal Strength (RSS) information to describe signal characteristics of the target space. However, it results in a large investment costs. This paper provides a novel indoor positioning solution using the multi-antennas architecture to increase the accuracy of location estimation. The system obtains enough RSS to compute the user location and provides a reasonable cost of deployments in indoor location environment. Experimental and numerical results show that the proposed indoor location estimation demonstrates a high accuracy of positioning and outstanding performance when RSS is collected by smart antenna technique. More specifically, the accuracy is increased from 1.34% to 92.4% and the error variance is reduced by 96% as compared to the traditional location fingerprint method.


The exponential growth of storage space in blockchain network has become a serious problem to hinder the distribution of blockchain and the expansion of blockchain nodes. In this paper. We propose a security strategy for distributed storage blockchains, which can delete part of blockchains so that nodes only store part of a blockchain. We design a kind of semi-full node between full node and light node according to the requirement of the strategy, besides describe the process of deleting block and synchronizing block, and the running logic of the semi-full node. Finally, we perform comprehensive experiments of the truncated MCMC random algorithm. The results show that in the case of multi-node, the truncated block will not affect the block chain network. Compared with the traditional block design, our storage strategies can reduce storage requirements under most of situation, thus enable blockchains to be deployed on mobile or smaller storage computers.


Abstract We present the preliminary results of our 5-configuration, 20-pointing mosaic with the Australia Telescope Compact Array of the neutral hydrogen in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 6744. The bulk of the HI resides in a 'ring' underlying the outer optical disk, with 2 HI spiral arms extending further out to almost 1·5 optical radii. The velocity field is fairly regular, apart from evidence for streaming motions along the HI arms, and the influence of the companion IB(s)m galaxy NGC 6744A. We associate a cloud of HI at a heliocentric velocity of 846 km s−1 with another companion object, ESO 104–g44. Our attempts to construct a mass model for NGC 6744 suffer from poor resolution in the inner disk, and the uncertainty in the total HI flux of NGC 6744. We anticipate that HIPASS observations will be crucial in resolving the latter issue.