Understanding the evolution of brown carbon (BrC) in the atmosphere is essential for investigating its climate effects. This study deployed a novel in‐situ BrC continuous observation system to firstly measure water‐soluble BrC absorption (AbsWS‐BrC) in an offshore island over the Bohai Sea in the winter of 2020. The AbsWS‐BrC abundance before the cold wave (BCW) was more than twice higher than that after the cold wave (ACW). This was mainly ascribed to the substantially suppressed formation of secondary WS‐BrC (WS‐BrCsec). Diurnal patterns of AbsWS‐BrC exhibited nighttime peaks, which derived from enhanced primary emissions and strong aqueous‐phase processes. Photochemical processes bleached daytime WS‐BrC during BCW, while daytime peaks of WS‐BrCsec emerged during ACW due to the weakened photobleaching effect. Statistical analysis indicated ambient temperature and relative humidity as well as total oxidized nitrogen (NO2 + NO3−) and reduced nitrogen (NH4+ + NH3) were the dominant factors promoting WS‐BrCsec. Moderate aerosol pH (>2.5) also facilitated the formation of WS‐BrCsec while no obvious dependences of WS‐BrCsec on gas‐particle partitioning of ammonia, O3, and sulfur precursors were found. At the molecular level, BrC chromophores with the identified compositions, carbon oxidation state, O/C, H/C, and absorption spectra were compared between the two periods. Characteristics of water‐soluble CHO‐ and CHON‐BrC were more of secondary origin during BCW, while primary emissions contributed significantly to BrC chromophores during ACW. This study highlights the advantage of high resolution BrC measurement in probing its dynamic evolution and influencing factors.


The conventional development system in the country is unaware of the potential possibilities of historical contexts and has led them to erosion and destruction more than ever in the course of development. Getting out of this phenomenon requires serious attention to these assets, which in themselves have the theme of sustainable development. Old neighbourhoods in historical contexts reflect the structure of the family, neighbourhood units, social, economic, cultural and physical structure that changes related to changes from the first Pahlavi period onwards, changed their structure and overshadowed their inherent identity. The main purpose of this article is to establish a measured relationship between conservation and part of sustainable development that can link assets in historical contexts to the new city, as original models in the development system. The research method is analyticalinterpretive and with a pathological view from the social, cultural and economic aspects. The main findings of the research emphasize the wide dimensions of the structures in the historical city. On the other hand, it considers tourism as a part of the economic development system in the texture and in the connection between the old and the new city. The final product of this research is to achieve strategies with an asset-based approach in order to make the new urban development system aware of the social, physical, economic and cultural capital of historical contexts.


Southern Africa is understood to be a climate change hotspot, with youth and children most likely to be affected. The region has already suffered climate variability, with increased occurrence of floods and droughts, which are expected to escalate in the future. Despite the fact that young people in the region are central to ecological and social justice debates, they are often depicted as uninterested and excluded from policy and decision- making spaces – especially those living in global and urban peripheries. In this article, I speak to the nexus of youth, social and environmental justice, and climate politics. I do so by unpacking the everyday concerns and negotiations of youth activists in the urban periphery of Lephalale in Limpopo, South Africa – not typically seen as an urban centre or a site of youth politics. Lephalale is viewed as a future hub of power generation in South Africa, the rapid growth of the town being based on the expansion of coal extractivism. The complexities and paradoxes around how youth are navigating their futures in this site of mega coal projects are explored through two case studies: the Lephalale Unemployment Forum and the Waterberg Environmental Justice Forum. With climate and environmental catastrophe producing both shrinking futures and horizons of possibility, I argue that youth contestation and negotiation of their futures hold out possibilities, even with their contradictions, for collective reimagining of urban space and development.

Through the methodology I employed to explore these negotiations and contestations, I aimed to be cognisant of how research is embedded in context-specific power-laden social relations. While it was not explicitly collaborative research, what emerged from the process was the importance of slow, informal relationship-building before, during and after the research, which would be the basis for a collaborative research project years later. This way of conducting slow research is particularly necessary for engagement across racial, cultural and class divisions, as well as for research that traverses the boundary between academia and social movements in this time of crisis.


Altruism is a contested theme of interest across many disciplines and fields, including philosophy, sociology, evolutionary biology, and socio-biology. Strangely, very few scholars of altruism are aware of what Auguste Comte actually meant by his theory of "altruisme". Comte was a philosopher of science and society, and he founded the discipline of sociology. The widespread misconception concerning the earliest meaning of altruism is partly due to the scattered manner in which Comte discussed the term, neglecting to offer a formal definition when he first discussed it. This misconception also occurs because philosophers and early sociologists who followed Comte, such as Herbert Spencer and Emile Durkheim, either misunderstand Comte's meaning, or wanted to remove the more eccentric influences behind the term. They subsequently re-conceptualized its definition, influencing generations of scholars to come. However, there were two particular concepts within Comte's theory which could be reintroduced today, as they offer a clarifying and liberating affect upon the philosophical discussion and the applied research of altruism. The first concept, was that altruism referred to any inclination to benefit another person, not merely "sacrificial helping". The second, was that altruism provided mutual benefit, to the recipient and to the altruist. The potential implications of this understanding will also be discussed.


Thank you for reading career life planning for americans agenda for organizations and individuals. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this career life planning for americans agenda for organizations and individuals, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


The motive of saving trade cost has constantly led to innovations
in the organizational structure of enterprise. With the elapse of time, traditional hierarchic
organization structure has gradually become unsuited to changeable managerial
circumstances, though it ever made great contribution to industrial development. A new flexible
organization, which can quickly respond to the uncertainty of circumstances, has already begun
to substitute the traditional organization. The market behavior of flexible organization is
characterized by many sided alliance, competitive cooperation and organizational learning.


The emerging of quick time virtual reality (QTV) and the heritage industry have played important roles in the touism industry. It is a new interactive-based technology to enhance a destination appeal. It has become a powerful marketing tool to educational, enviromental, economical, social and psychological impacts in heritage preservation in both domestic and international levels. Attention was given to the real-time based rendering in Gunung Mulu National Park which aspires to protect such places from enviromental decay as well as natural disasters, with technical solutions. The OTVR can be created by 'stitching' together overlappig photographs from different positions and oientations. The capabilities of QTVR highlighted some of its potential uses in the industry and addressing some of its shortcomings. In addition, a few future developments in preserving our World Heritaage through virtual envioment are identified.


Titel: Auditors tasks - A qualitative study on auditor's tasks expected development after the abolition of the audit requirement with parallels drawn to Germany Authors: Kaisa Bohman Anna-Karin Gunstad Advisor: Riitta Lehtisalo Seminar date: 2010-06-04 Institution: School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology Course: Bachelor Thesis, 15 hp Examiner: Cecilia Lindh Keywords: Audit requirement, review, auditor, tasks, Germany The main issues: 1 November 2010 a new law in force relating to the abolition of the audit requirement in Sweden. The Swedish companies, can after this date, freely choose whether they want to audit or not. When the framework around the auditors change, they must change to adapt to the new ground rules to ensure that they stay as efficient and as effective as possible. Germany has in the current situation a system where smaller companies do not have to revise their accounts; it takes place entirely on a voluntary basis. Sweden and Germany has its roots in continental accounting tradition, whereas Germany can be regarded as a leading country of Sweden. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how auditors believe that their tasks will change after the abolition of the audit requirement. The aim is also to draw parallels with the German development of the tasks of auditors to examine whether it can provide a picture of the future Swedish development. We will identify stakeholders who are likely to influence the development of auditors' work. Method: The study is qualitative in nature in which interviews with auditors has been conducted to obtain a better understanding of the problem. This study was conducted through interviews in both Sweden and Germany. Conclusions: One conclusion we can draw is that the Swedish auditors believe that their work will evolve in the direction of advisory and consultancy services. Another conclusion we can draw is that the Swedish auditors believe that stakeholders such as creditors, suppliers, other businesses and the Treasury, will influence their future task.


Purpose: Tourism is crucial in driving economies and preserving cultural heritage worldwide. The sustainability of tourist destinations depends on their ability to effectively manage and recover from marketing crises that can damage their attractiveness and reputation. Despite the allure of tourist destinations, they are susceptible to various marketing crises, challenging their hospitality industries and local economies. These crises can disrupt visitor flows and tarnish reputations. This study explored the impacts of marketing crisis management practices on hotel performance in Mombasa County, Kenya, within a global context of vulnerable tourist destinations.
Methodology: This study employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) embedded in the causal-comparative research design to explore the relationship between marketing crisis management practices and hotel performance. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to management staff in 18 star-rated hotels in Mombasa County. Confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) validated the measurement models, and demographics were considered as potential influencers on the relationship. Data were presented in Table format and interpreted using percentages.
Findings: The findings revealed that communication and public relations (β = 0.417, p < 0.05), marketing strategy adjustment (β = 0.336, p < 0.05), and reputation management (β = 0.186, p < 0.05) significantly and positively affected hotel performance. The three combined practices explained 75.1% of the variance in hotel performance. Based on these findings, hotels in Mombasa County and the broader Kenyan hospitality industry must prioritize effective communication and public relations, agile marketing strategy adjustment, and proactive reputation management as integral components of their crisis management strategies to enhance resilience, foster customer loyalty, and maintain competitiveness, especially in times of crises, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Recommendations: Effective communication and public relations positively impact hotel performance by fostering emotional connections, repeat business, and positive reviews. Dynamic marketing strategy adjustment enhances resilience and adaptability, attracting safety-conscious and adventurous travelers. Reputation management safeguards trust, credibility, and customer loyalty, mitigating negative perceptions during crises. Combining these practices contributes to substantial positive impacts on hotel performance.


The effects of RO 2‐5803, a compound shown to have antiarrhythmic properties in animals, were studied in 13 patients with atrial flutter or fibrillation. After a single oral dose, the atrial rate was slowed as much as 39 per cent; the efJect lasted up to 24 hours. Intravenous administration produced similar effects with smaller doses.


A sub-band based ultra wideband (SUWB) system is proposed. The technique provides scope for using the ultra wideband bandwidth efficiently by exploiting the available link margin for short range communications. The bandwidth of 500 MHz or more is divided into a fixed number of sub-bands. The data transmission scheme over multiple sub-bands can be designed to achieve higher data rate, higher reliability or support multi-user access. The SUWB system facilitates low power implementations by reducing the sampling rate requirements and also by the use of an orthogonal spreading code based interference rejection and multi-path cancellation receiver. The SUWB system avoids the need for individual down-conversion and filtering of the sub-bands. The requisite properties of the spreading codes are also provided. The simulation results in terms of the BER performance of the method for the IEEE 802.15.4a channel models are presented. The desirable performance is obtained for low and medium delay spread channels even without employing any equalization method.


According to the investigation of the parts of teaching such as experiments and practice connected with surveying, some methods of management and testing in this course are put forward. The methods will effectively improve the teaching of the course and the students' work will be examined objectively.


Teachers administered the Communication Development subtest of the Developmental Assessment of Young Children (DAYC-CD) to 24 children attending Head Start to examine the usefulness of the instrument as a teacher-administered language-screening instrument. Teachers administered the test by observing the children in the classroom. Test results for each child were compared to existing diagnoses to determine diagnostic accuracy of the DAYC-CD using 2 cutoff scores. The empirically selected cutoff score of 90 provided excellent sensitivity by design; specificity was fair. The preestablished cutoff score of 82 resulted in unacceptably low sensitivity but excellent specificity. Results were mixed for 3 children whose language development was of concern but who were not currently enrolled in language therapy. The DAYC-CD shows promise as a teacher-administered language-screening instrument.


[1] Mayhew et al. 2005 Lancet 366:129-; [2] Reeve and Loveridge 2014 Bone 61:138-; [3] Yoshikawa et al. 1994 JBMR 9:1053-; [4] Skedros et al. 2013 ORS abstract 38:1419; [5] Lee et al. 2009 Ann. Biomed. Eng. 37: 1910-; [6] Skedros et al. 2009 Bone 44:392-; [7] Skedros et al. 2006 J. Exp. Biology 209:3025-. In the table are results of the correlation analyses of the buckling ratio with Sup/Inf ratios of the microstructural parameters in: (1) all bones, (2) <60 year-old bones, and (3) ≥ 60 year-old bones. Across the age range of the younger bones, the buckling ratio showed no significant change (r=0.01, p=0.9). But the variation in buckling ratio in the younger bones did show significant correlations with Sup/Inf ratios of CFO, osteon MTS, and osteon formation. By contrast, in the older bones: (1) the buckling ratio not only substantially worsened but with advanced age it also exceeded the threshold that is considered deleterious (i.e. > 10) [5], and (2) the variation in the buckling ratio failed to show any correlation with the Sup/Inf ratios of any microstructural characteristics. Buckling ratios for younger bones had a mean of 8.6±1.3 (±S.D.) and for older bones a mean of 10.7±2.1 (p<0.01). Age-related exponential increase in femoral-neck (FN) fracture risk is not fully explained by decreased bone mineral density of the FN. Aging affects FN fracture risk independently of bone mineral density, suggesting that there are other important age-related changes [1,2]. Yoshikawa et al. [3] and Mayhew et al. [1] showed that bone loss occurs preferentially on the superior aspect of the FN. This region is under minimum mechanical stress during walking, whereas a fall on the hip reverses the stress pattern causing high compressive stresses at the superior FN (Fig. 1). Therefore, age-related bone loss occurs in the specific location that is most highly stressed by a fall. Mayhew et al. [1] propose that structural changes in the FN occur independently of osteoporosis and contribute greatly to the risk of FN fracture. They noted that bone loss at the superior aspect of the FN could make the bone susceptible to failure by buckling. Buckling is most commonly associated with slender columns. A column loaded in compression can bow laterally and, if the lateral displacement of the column surpasses a critical amount, the column will collapse. Mayhew et al. [1] show that cortical thinning occurs preferentially at the posteriorsuperior (Sup) FN whereas the inferior (Inf) cortical shell gains thickness with age. (The latter change is thought to be an adaptive response to walking, which causes large compressive stresses on the inferior FN.) If the FN does indeed behave like a shell, then the Sup region should be at high risk of buckling during a sideways fall. We sought to determine if there is evidence that the age-related increased risk of buckling might be curbed by compensatory changes in bone material organization. 28 human FNs (3 M, 25 F; 18-95 yrs) were embedded in methacrylate and a mid-transverse section from each was mounted on glass and ultramilled (100μm). 50X circular polarized light images were obtained in octants. The buckling ratio for each femoral neck was calculated as 1⁄2 the outer diameter of the femoral neck measured in the plane of bending (Sup.–Inf. axis) divided by the average cortical thickness in all eight (octant) locations [5]. Predominant CFO was expressed as the mean gray-level of each image, and population densities of complete secondary osteons (OPD) and their morphotype scores (MTS) were also quantified [4]. Osteon morphotypes are based on collagen/lamellar patterns that correlate with regional differences in habitual strain mode (compression vs. tension) [4]. We also quantified: fractional area of secondary bone (FASB, %), porosity (%), osteon area (On.Ar, μm2), osteon circularity (On.Cr) (1.0 = perfect circle), Haversian canal area (HC.Ar), Haversian canal circularity (HC.Cr), osteon formation/infilling (On.Ar HC.Ar), and cortical thickness (CT, mm). The regions quantified were defined as the Sup cortex (posterior, posterior-superior, superior; combined data) and Inf cortex (anterior, anterior-inferior, inferior; combined data). These groups are based on data showing the posterior-superior to anterior-inferior axis is where fracture resistance is most compromised in the elderly [1].


Cytogenetically visible imbalances without phenotypic effect are still rare despite the extent of large‐scale copy number variation in the normal population revealed by array CGH. Here we report on a phenotypically normal 30‐year‐old female with a de novo, cytogenetically visible, interstitial deletion of band 4q34. She was referred following three successive miscarriages, one of which was an intra‐uterine death with subendocardial fibroelastosis and dilated cardiomyopathy. There was no other notable medical or family history, she was of normal intelligence and had no dysmorphic features. FISH and Array CGH with a customized 1 Mb BAC array showed that the deletion is a minimum of 9.3 and a maximum of 10.7 Mb in size, between ∼173 Mb in 4q34.1 and ∼182 Mb in 4q34.3. The deletion contains only 23 known coding genes giving a low average gene density of ∼2 genes/Mb. This case further illustrates that (1) sizeable imbalances can be associated with apparent phenotypic normality, (2) gene density is a better guide to possible phenotypic consequences than aberration size, and (3) it is not always safe to assume that de novo imbalances will be causal. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The separation of mixed amino acids by ion exchange chromatography is a very important preparation experiment in biochemistry or biopharmaceutical technology. In order to improve the student's basic knowledge and synthetic ability,one optimized the experiment teaching system,redesigned the experimental materials. The result displayed that the reagent consumption and experimental timeconsuming reduced,amino acid elution differences were significant,the students learned more principles about this technology. The teaching effects have been improved obviously.


Synopsis When considering social function of railway viaduct as infrastructure, less damage is expected even against significant earthquake such as the future Tokai and the Tonankai Ealihquake. Response control technique with damping device can be one of alternative solutions. In responding, authors have developed the arc shaped damper retrofit technique. In order to investigate applicability of the proposed damper to rail way viaduct structures, horizontal loading test for verification were conducted focusing on strengthening and response control effect. Following results were obtained: the existing structure model provided post yielding shear failure, while retrofitted structure model assured flexural yielding ductile behavior with high energy absorption.


Oestrogens play an important role in the development and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through oestrogen receptor (ER)‐α and ‐β, which may exert different or even opposing actions in PTC. The roles of ERβ in ERα‐negative PTC are still not clear. This study investigated the expression dynamics of ERβ1 (wild‐type ERβ) and its clinical significance in female ERα‐negative PTC patients. ERβ1 expression was detected in thyroid tissues of 136 female patients diagnosed with PTC. The relationships between ERβ1 expression and clinicopathological/biological factors were also analysed in female ERα‐negative PTC patients. The total score for ERβ1 was significantly lower in female ERα‐negative PTC patients with LNM or ETE when compared to those without LNM or ETE (Z = −2.923, P = 0.003 and Z = −3.441, P = 0.001). Accordingly, the total score for ERβ1 was significantly higher in ERα‐negative PTC patients expressing E‐cadherin compared to patients negative for E‐cadherin expression (Z = −2.636, P = 0.008). The total score was lower in ERα‐negative PTC patients positive for VEGF expression compared to those negative for VEGF expression (Z = −1.914, P = 0.056). This preliminary study indicates that reduced expression of ERβ1 in female ERα‐negative PTC patients is associated with greater progression of the disease. This may provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of ERβ1 and could help design targeted approaches for treating or even preventing this disease.


This study explores five Delhi-based NGOs with women as their target group and the national and international streams that affect the sector. The method used is ethnographic with interviews, observations and printed material representing the empirical material. The analysis is based on following three themes; 'the exposition of the target group', 'the goal empowerment' and 'credibility'. The themes are analyzed closely to the informants' statements as well as in relation to the national and international aspects that forms the sector. I conclude that the NGOs have different ways of understanding the intersection between the target group's gender and socio-economic vulnerability and that the NGOs' views of the target groups have similarities with stereotypes of Indian women in such positions. Regarding the goals I conclude that the organizations understand empowerment as an improvement of the target group's current situation, not as a completely different one. Empowerment is either understood as something that can be reached by improving the target group's financial situation or seen as a broader process. Regarding credibility I conclude that it's closely connected to volunteering and economy. Credibility is therefore used as a wherewithal to get access to resources that make the work possible. (Less)


. In this paper we study the PBW filtration on irreducible integrable highest weight representations of affine Kac-Moody algebra b g . The n -th space of this filtration is spanned with the vectors x 1 . . . x s v , where x i ∈ b g , s ≤ n and v is a highest weight vector. For the vacuum module we give a conjectural description of the corresponding adjoint graded space in terms of generators and relations. For g of the type A 1 we prove our conjecture and derive the fermionic formula for the graded character.


Full duplex is a communication between 2 users who can communicate directly in one direction or two way. In Full Duplex, the two users do not have to wait for each other and can communicate directly with each other. The key of the sound divider is a device that acts as a selector in every room or entire room. Using voice divider buttons the effectiveness of announcements gets better. IP camera is a camera that can transfer data through internet network. Merging keyboards and IP camera dividers can create full duplex communication With full duplex communication system in P2KK UMM is expected to help the learning process and security.


The reliability and efficacy of a man's working activity and his functional state much depend on structural features of the serviced equipment, technological processes and organization of production. From the advent of organizations of different types of ownership the issue of possible impact of this factor on the leading components of the manufacturing environment and the health of workers employed in this branch. Aim. To learn and analyze of the leading components of the transport branch production environment that influence on a workers' health. Methods and materials. According to the results of the public opinion poll the leading components of the production environment (safety engineering, working conditions and organizational) of workers of the transport branch at enterprises of different ownership forms have been analyzed. Sampled populations of the main and control groups were formed which analysis provided verification of the suggested hypotheses. Results. The analysis of the leading manufacturing environment components of the transport branch has revealed significant dependence of their levels on the type of ownership of the enterprises, functional purpose of vehicles and location. Conclusions. The comparative analysis was performed according to the criterion of the enterprise ownership form in two regions of the country. It has been established that worn-out and out-of-date equipment increases problems related to safety engineering manifold, makes working conditions worse increasing the risk of their influence on the health of people employed in the transport branch and the organization-management component considering bad managerial skills becomes an aggravating factor for the foregoing ones


John Mason has been a prominent fi gure in the research fi eld of mathematics education for several decades. His principal focus has been thinking about mathematical problems, supporting those who wish to foster and sustain their own thinking and the thinking of others. Among the many markers of his esteemed career was the 1984 publication of Thinking Mathematically (with Leone Burton and Kaye Stacey). It has become a classic in the fi eld, having been translated into many languages and in use in countries around the world. Thinking Mathematically and other writings in his substantial body of work are used with advanced high school students, with pre-service and practicing teachers, and by researchers who are interested in the nature of doing and learning mathematics. This book is not, and at the same time is, a tribute to the enormous contributions made by Mason to mathematics education. It is not a tribute book because every chapter is a report of research and thinking by the authors, not simply a statement of appreciation. All engage with how others have taken Mason's ideas forward to extend their own research and thinking. At the same time it is a tribute book. It is about how research and teaching has been inspired by Mason through his substantial opus and his vibrant presence in a network of mathematics educators.


Part 1 Introduction: glimpses of urban poverty in Europe and North America, Dan A. Chekki. Part 2 Theoretical and global perspectives: poverty, exclusion and agency, Bjorn Hvinden (re)structuring urban poverty - the impact of globalization on its extent and spatial concentration, Jen S. Dangschat and David Fasenfest. Part 3 Concentrated poverty in US cities: concentrated poverty in US cities - a look at metropolitan-level causes, 1970-1980, John Iceland concentrated poverty, housing change, and urban redevelopment - blacks in US cities, 1980-1990, Frank Harold Wilson. Part 4 Homelessness: beyond the conventional wisdom about the homeless - "cultures of resistance" on the streets, David Wagner homeless careers in Amsterdam - a longitudinal research, Dorine Greshof and Leon Deben. Part 5 Social resources and struggle for survival: social resources, job search, and poverty in Atlanta, Gary P. Green, Leann M. Tigges, and Irene Browne deindustrialization and urban poverty - struggle for survival of a low income neighbourhood, Gordana Rabrenovic. Part 6 Inequality and social policy: "times of poverty" - lessons from Bremen longitudinal social assistance sample, Hannah Bruckner citizenship and social exclusion in Britain and Germany, Tricia Kennett inequality and poverty in Canadian cities - ideology and policy-programs, Dan A. Chekki.


Purpose: Of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using nerve auto-graft and vein conduit as a new method of reconstruction of wide nerve defects to obtain the benefits of both techniques. Patients and Methods: Eighteen patients with lacerated nerve injuries were included in this study. There were fourteen cases with fresh nerve injury were managed in the casuality unit and four cases were old nerve injuries. All were managed with the same idea and follow-up period was extended up to 24 months for both sensory and motor recovery. Results: Good results were obtained in 39.1% of cases as regards both sensory and motor recovery of the repaired nerves. Conclusion: This technique for nerve reconstruction yields a comparable result with other methods of nerve repair.


With increasing population, the demand for food is also increasing. So, with the aim to increase the productivity of crop a field experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the foliar application of moringa leaf extract (MLE) at growth and yield of sunflower under water deficit conditions at Agronomy research area, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. The treatments comprise of Factor A: Irrigation,(I0 = Normal irrigation, I1 = Skipped at knee height stage, I2 = Skipped at knee height + heading stage, I3 = Skipped at knee height + heading + seed development stage and Factor B: Foliar application of MLE (Subplot), T0 = No spray, T1 = Spray at knee height stage, T2 = Spray at knee height + heading stage, T3 = Spray at knee height + heading + seed development stage with randomized complete block design (RCBD) split-plot design in three replications. The interactive effect between moringa leaf extract (MLE) and irrigation was significant. Maximum head diameter (22.17cm), number of achenes per head (1030.30), 1000-achenes weight (49.73g), achene yield (3474 kg/ha), and biological yield (10729.83 kg/ha), oil content (41.734%), protein content (20.8%) was observed in F3 (K+H+S) and I0 (Normal) irrigation. While minimum head diameter (15.57cm), number of achenes per head (681.67), 1000-achenes weight (42.001g), achene yield (2536.33 kg/ha), and biological yield (8209.33 kg/ha), oil content (36.3%), protein content (16.27%) was observed in F0 (no spray) and I3 (K+H+S) irrigation. Results showed that foliar application of moringa leaf extract under normal conditions boost the crop yield and drought stress at (K+H+S) is detrimental for growth and development of sunflower.


Abstract A two dimensional boundary element method (BEM) formulation based on an initial strain approach has been successfully implemented for creep problems with variable loads. The time hardening and strain hardening creep problems of a square plate and a plate with a circular hole are investigated for primary creep using isoparametric quadratic elements to model the boundary with 3-node boundary elements, and to model the interior domain with 8-node quadrilateral cells. The results of the problems are compared with the finite element solutions using MSC.Marc software and the analytical solutions where available and shown to be in good agreement.


SUMMARYIn this paper some basic ideas and terms employed by the Modistae are explained and exemplified, particularly the concepts of matter and form, act and potency, and then related to similar concepts in modern linguistics. The distinction of vox, dictio and pars orationis in modistic work is discussed and dictio is compared to Semitic triliteral roots. Neither can be part of spoken language. The distinctions of modes of being, modes of signifying and modes of existing are discussed, and it is pointed out that conceptions of language or linguistics can vary, depending on how the modes are employed. From this perspective, lexical decomposition is discussed, and the ability of language to abbreviate is cited as one of its most effective processes. The suggestiveness of analysing kill as cause/become/not/alive is compared with decomposition of other verbs, notably fetch and read. The proposed verbal classification of Case Grammar and especially the covert case roles are discussed. It is suggested that the perspective of the Modistae can help us see some problems here in a different light. In particular, analysis of reciprocal relations, found in forms like marry, exchange and swap lead to the proposal that the restriction on cases other than Object occurring more than once in a case frame needs reexamination.RESUMEI1 s'agit ici d'expliquer et de commenter par des exemples certaines idees et termes de base employes par les modistes, en particulier les notions de ma-tiere et de forme, d'acte et de puissance, et de les mettre ensuite en relation avec des notions analogues de la linguistique moderne. Sera discutee egalement la distinction entre vox, dictio et pars orationis dans les ouvrages des modistes, la dictio etant comparee aux racines trilitteres des langues semitiques. Aucune de ces deux perspectives ne peut faire partie de la langue partee. Discutant les distinctions de mode d'etre, de mode de signification et de mode d'existence, l'auteur met en relief le fait que les conceptions du langage et de la linguistique peuvent varier, selon l'utilisation que Ton fait des modes. C'est dans cette perspective que l'on examinera la "decomposition" lexicale, et que Ton presentera l'aptitude a l'abregement comme un des processus les plus efficaces de la langue. L'analyse, suggestive, de kill ("tuer") en /causer/devenir/non/vivant/ sera comparee a la decomposition d'autres verbes, notamment de fetch ("aller chercher") et read ("lire"). La classification des verbes proposee par la gram-maire des cas et specialement les fonctions casuelles non-apparentes, l'auteur la soumet ici a l'examen, suggerant que la perspective des modistes peut nous aider a voir certains de ces problemes sous un jour different. En particulier, l'analyse des relations reciproques, qui apparaissent dans des formes telles que marry ("epouser"), exchange ("echanger") et swap ("troquer") amene l'auteur a avancer que la restriction relative aux cas autres que l'objet, qui apparait plus d'une fois dans un cadre casuel, merite d'etre reexaminee.


In this paper, the Smart-Grid model has been designed using MATLAB/SIMULINK, an approach for interconnection of conventional and distributed generation. The smart grid is regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two way flow of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. This paper presents a simple model for the proposed interconnection work using conventional generation and distributed generation. At each busbar and load locations the active power and voltage levels are monitored with and without interconnection of the sources. The Active powers and reactive powers are varied to observe the variations on the power and voltages of the systems. In this analysis the capacitive loads are kept constant. Simulation results are tabulated to show the effectiveness of the stability of the system. Keywords--Smart Grid , active power , load analysis.


This paper considers the requirements fer twc areas of airship application. The first of these are those countries where there is a need to move consignments that i_" are too large for the existing transport systems, and secondly those regions where ground characteristics have _ " resulted in an area totally devoid of transport. The needs of the second group are considered in detail since they also require transport to provide social as well as '_ " economic growth. With thi_ problem in mind, a philosophy is put forward for using airships in conjunction with LASH vessels. A specimen design is outlined and the initial costs estimated.


Urban air pollution problem is a major concern in many large cities and becomes increasingly critical around the world. The effects of urban air pollution on public health are being felt worldwide. Pollutants can  destroy sensitive tissues (in people, animals and plants), impair respiratory functions, degrade building materials and deteriorate the aesthetic aspects of environment. Mapping of urban air pollution dispersion is very complex as it depends upon various  factors including weather conditions, urban structural features and their topographic. In this research , the relationship between in-suite urban air pollutants (particulates matters - PM and total suspend particulate-TSP) and some metrological factors (Temperature, Humidity and wind speed) has been investigated. Geographic Information System (GIS ) was utilized to map urban air pollution dispersion in Kirkuk city - Iraq. The rapid growth of Kirkuk city as the main petroleum city in Iraq  last years  has resulted in significant increase in environmental pollution. A correlation analysis was performed to establish between air pollutants and metrological parameters. GIS technique was used to investigate the spatial distribution of the pollutants and identification of the city area of high concentration of pollutants. The results shows that there is a weak linear correlation between metrological factors and most of air pollutants. PM10 only shows a significant correlation with temperature. Generally we can conclude that the impact of  metrological factors can be almost ignored. From GIS  distribution maps for  PM and TSP pollutants, the highest concentration pollutants located around oil industrial area and in the center of the city. Keywords Urban Air Pollution, Particulates Matters, Total Suspend Particulate, Geographic Information System (GIS ) , Correlation Analysis.


ABSTRACT Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating condition that can negatively affect physical and mental health [1,2]. People with ME/CFS report lower perceived levels of social support, which further exacerbate challenges with mental health and has been linked to a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety in this population [3]. There are many mental health benefits associated with participation in in-person support groups; however, it is unknown if these benefits translate to online support groups [5]. Purpose To examine the perceived impacts of participation in online support groups on depression, anxiety and quality of life among people with ME/CFS. Results Responses (n = 76) to an online survey indicated positive and negative experiences with participation in online support groups. Positive experiences included a sense of belonging, validation, supportive friendships and feelings of positively impacting others. Negative experiences included jealousy, decreased hope and optimism and disagreement regarding treatment strategies. Conclusion Participation in online support groups was believed to decrease perceived feelings of depression and increase the quality of life in those with ME/CFS. No significant impacts on anxiety were found. Overall, participants reported engagement in online support groups to be a positive experience.


As a possible solution to this problem, previous writers have suggested the possibility of treating BPH through interstitial thermotherapy. In this treatment, prostatic tissue is heated from within the prostate to the point of irreversible necrosis. Healing processes then reduce the volume of the affected tissue, even in the absence of sloughing. This study covers initial human use of such a device, using an 810 nm wavelength diode laser not previously used for such therapy.


PDC bit was used in five wells of Chengbei on Kantan Ⅱ Drilling Platform and some experience was obtained. This article looked back the use of PDC bit and put forward adverting problem.


Based on the analysis of home-made EX1015 braking cylinder,the material design,processing technology and model design of the braking cylinder made from composite were discussed,the cylinder sample made from composite was manufactured,which provided theoretical and experimental foundation for the commercial production of the cylinder made from composite,and offered useful reference for the manufacture of auto composite parts made from composite.


304 VOLUME 46__APRIL 17, 2009 Recently there has been considerable concern over influenza in our country especially as it has been suggested that in the event of a pandemic, there will be limited management options available(1). Following the availability of influenza vaccine in India some years back, the Indian Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Immunization (2005-06) recommended it for a limited number of high-risk conditions(2). More recently, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), USA and the American Academy of Pediatrics expanded the indications for the vaccine to include routine immunization in children between 5-18 years(3), in addition to continuing immunization of all children between 6 months and 4 years. However, not all developed countries have followed suit(4). Current aggressive marketing of the vaccine and consequent inquiries, especially for its role in children with asthma; necessitate scientific evaluation of influenza vaccination in the context of our country. Thus the clinical condition and intervention are both relevant in our setting.


The article analyzes the graduates' employment work in private colleges by SWOT methodology.SWOT analysis is a method to distinguish and identify the T(Threats)and O(Opportunities)from external environment,at the same time,to evaluate W(Weaknesses)and S(Strengths)of the interior of the organization,then to establish an effective strategy.When selecting developmental strategy,private colleges should comprehensively analyze the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as the external threats and opportunities,and take certain measure,so as to promote the graduates' employment.


Comparing with the traditional experimental teaching,introduced the new experimental contents which are comprised of the analysis of channels and the research of modulation.Also introduced three implemental means of experiments validation by hardware,simulation by low-grade software and design by high-grade software.And it emphasized the experiment of Raleigh channel.Finally it forecasted the prospect of mobile communication experiment education.


Abstract This is a response of the College of Commerce, University of Santo Tomas, to poverty and inequity in the Philippines. Started in 2004-2005, the entrepreneurship course is known as the Triple E program: Entrepreneurship and Ethics education toward Equity. The course unites knowing and doing through opportunities for students to know the poor more as producers and consumers. The vision is for graduates to provide affordable goods, services, and paid work especially to low-income women and out-of-school youth. As a guide, students are oriented to the Triple L model of working with grassroots women—Listening, Leadership, and Livelihood.


Lawn watering is without question a significant factor in total municipal water demand. Watering of lawns causes a large water demand during normally water-short periods, a peak loading factor for municipal distribution systems, a large and relatively unknown usage component, and a hazard to fire fighting because of pressure drops in main lines during periods of heavy watering. During severe water shortages such as the drought experienced in most of the western US in 1977, lawn watering is usually the first major municipal water use upon which restrictions are placed. Good lawn watering habits by homeowners can alleviate some of these problems by decreasing overall lawn water use. In addition, during periods of water rationing, both homeowners and city managers can follow practices that will optimize the trade-off between lawn water consumption and attractive lawns. To develop specific recommendations for lawn watering, data have been obtained regarding the actual water application rates by individual homeowners.


The immunosuppressant tacrolimus (FK506) has improved pancreas allograft survival compared to cyclosporin A (CsA), possibly due to reduced acute pancreatitis following ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Ion permeabilities in zymogen granules (ZG) membranes, including a KCNQ1 K+ channel, promote hormone‐stimulated enzyme secretion. We investigated whether a differential modulation of ZG and lysosomal ion permeabilities, and enzyme secretion by CsA/FK506 contributes to pancreatitis. Rat ZG and lysosomes were isolated by gradient centrifugation, ion permeabilities assayed by osmotic lysis, and single channel currents recorded in a planar lipid bilayer. Amylase release was measured in permeabilized acini and lysosomal cathepsin B release detected by immunoblotting. CsA (1–10μM), but not FK506, enhanced ZG osmotic lysis by selectively increasing K+ permeability up to 5‐fold. ZG membrane K+ channels showed ~2‐fold increased single channel open probability with CsA only. CsA selectively increased basal (~2‐fold), but not cholecystokinin‐octapeptide (1nM)‐induced amylase secretion in K+ medium only. CsA (5μM), but not FK506, increased cathepsin B release from lysosomes. CsA selectively opens the ZG K+channel and induces cathepsin B release from lysosomes, which cause increased in situ lysis of ZG and may induce or aggravate acute allograft pancreatitis. Funded by Mukoviszidose e.V. (F 04/04) and DFG TH 345/11‐1.


The system of professional development in Serbia presents the key mechanism for improving professional competencies of teachers. Programmes for professional development and improvement of professional competencies of teachers represent a special place in this system. The estimation of their effects is primarily based on studying of perception of teachers and their satisfaction with the programmes of professional development, so there are not thorough data about the other, significant determinates of the quality of the programme (knowledge and skills, changes in teaching praxis, achievements of students, etc). The perception of teachers about the significance and usage of programmes and students' achievement are represented as research in this paper. Three separate samples were studied for correlation between the teachers' estimation of usage of the certain programme of professional development and average result of the class at the mock and final test (Mathematics test, Serbian Test and Combined Test) during the school year 2014/2015. It was determined that there is no connection between the quality of the programme of professional development measured by teacher's perceptions and students' achievements measured by the results and the mock and final test. The authors interpret these results in the context of the existing systematic solutions and different organisational and conceptual restrictions which follow the exhibiting system of professional development in Serbia, concluding that it is necessary for the future research to widen the scope of the research topics so that knowledge of this filed should be fulfilled.


This note describes a simple electronic spreadsheet 'look-up tables' tool (RADCONTAB version 1.0), developed by British Nuclear Fuels plc (BNFL) to facilitate the radiological assessment of land affected by existing 'historic' radioactive contamination on UK Nuclear Licensed sites. The specification and design of the tool have been subject to open consultation and peer review. The tool with accompanying guide is now freely available on the internet.


The current assessing system of College English has been posed as a protruding problem due to its insensible, deficient, and unscientific nature. This experiment has proved that the incorporation of formative assessment with summative assessment is a solution to the negative backwash caused by the current assessing system.


Background: Sequences with non-Cartesian k-space sampling may improve image quality of head and neck MRI. Objective: To compare intraindividually the image quality of a spiral gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequence and conventional Cartesian GRE and Cartesian turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences for contrast-enhanced T1W head and neck MRI. Methods: This prospective study included patients referred for contrast-enhanced head and neck MRI from August 2020 to May 2021. Patients underwent 1.5-T MRI including contrast-enhanced spiral GRE (2:28 min), Cartesian GRE (4:27 min), and Cartesian TSE (3:41 min) sequences, acquired in rotating order across patients. Three radiologists independently assessed image quality measures using 5-point Likert scales, including conspicuity of prespecified lesions. One reader measured maximal extent of dental material artifact and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Results: Thirty-one patients (13 male, 18 female; mean age 63.8 years) were enrolled. Nineteen patients had a focal lesion; 22 had dental material. Interreader agreement for image quality measures was substantial to excellent (Krippendorff's alpha, 0.681-1.000). Scores were better for spiral GRE than Cartesian GRE and Cartesian TSE for all readers (p<.05) for overall image quality (whole head and neck; neck only; head only), pulsation artifact, muscular contour delineation, vessel contour delineation, motion artifact, and differentiation between mucosa and pharyngeal muscles. Scores were not different between spiral GRE and the other sequences for any reader (p>.05) for lesion conspicuity (whole head and neck; neck only; head only), fat suppression, flow artifact, and foldover-type artifact. Scores were worse for spiral GRE than the other sequences for all readers (p<.05) for dental material artifact. Maximum extent of dental material artifact was 39.6±25.5 mm for spiral GRE, 35.6±24.3 mm for Cartesian GRE, and 29.6±21.4 mm for Cartesian GRE; CNR was 221.1±94.5 for spiral GRE, 151.8±85.7 for Cartesian GRE, and 153±63.2 for Cartesian TSE (p<.001 between spiral GRE and other sequences for both measures). Conclusion: 3D spiral GRE improves subjective image quality and CNR of head and neck MRI with shorter scan time versus Cartesian sequences, though exhibits larger dental material artifact. Clinical Impact: A spiral sequence may help overcome certain challenges of conventional Cartesian sequences for head and neck MRI.


— This study attempts to build a statistical model to identify a user, based on how the user picks up the phone and how he/she holds the phone to the ear. Phone-pickup and phone-holding methods are quantified using accelerometer readings on the three axes. This study is based on the theory that every person has a unique way of handling the phone during a phone call. The minute variations in the angle of tilt and the micro movements made during the phone call can be quite different between two individuals. The Accelerometer gives a convenient method of quantifying the phone movements and the change in orientation of the phone on a three dimensional space. This study involves data gathered from seven participants who made five test phone calls each lasting for a little over 5 seconds. The study produced a model that can predict the user with high accuracy using a smartphone accelerometer.


Objective To elucidate the thermal stability and inactivation of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV).Methods The stability of cell culture-derived SFTSV (SD4 strain) under different environmental temperatures,and the ability of heat,ultraviolet rays,diethyl ether,chloroform,acid,disinfectants treatments to inactivate SFTSV were evaluated.The infectious titers of treated viral samples were determined by titration assay based on a double N protein specific antibodies sandwich ELISA assay for SFTSV in Vero cells.An indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed to determine the replication dynamic of SFTSV in cells.Results SFTSV in culture medium was relatively stable at 4℃ without drastic loss of infectivity for at least 1 week,and the virus was sensitive to heat and could be inactivated in 30 min when incubated at 60℃.UV light irradiation with an intensity of 185 μW/cm2 efficiently inactivated SFTSV within 30 min.Exposures to optimized concentration of diethyl ether,chloroform,β-propionolactone,formaldehyde,Hypochlorous acid all destroyed SFTSV infectivity effectively.Acid conditions brought damage to the virus activity,but virus could not be completely inactivated at pH3.0.Conclusion The results provide quantitative evidence for the potential use of a variety of approaches for samples collection,inactivating SFTSV,and safety protection in scientific research and diseases control and prevention.

Key words:
Phlebovirus;  Thrombocytopenia;  Heat stress disorders;  Inactivation


Accurate calculation of stray load losses such as circulating-current loss in armature windings and in-plane eddy-current loss in electrical steel sheets is important for the design of high speed rotating machines with high efficiency. We investigate the motor size dependence of the losses caused by the in-plane eddy-current in the stator cores of permanent-magnet synchronous machines with 6 poles and 36 slots using finite element method. We have clarified that the teeth width is an important parameter for the amount of in-plane eddy current loss. This behavior can be well explained by the skin depth of the electrical steel sheets used for the stator core.


Crossdressing Cinema: An Analysis of Transgender Representation in Film. (August 2012) Jeremy Russell Miller, B.A., University of Arkansas; M.A., University of Arkansas Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Joshua Heuman Dr. Aisha Durham Transgender representations generally distance the transgender characters from the audience as objects of ridicule, fear, and sympathy. This distancing is accomplished through the use of specific narrative conventions and visual codes. In this dissertation, I analyze representations of transgender individuals in popular film comedies, thrillers, and independent dramas. Through a textual analysis of 24 films, I argue that the narrative conventions and visual codes of the films work to prevent identification or connection between the transgender characters and the audience. The purpose of this distancing is to privilege the heteronormative identities of the characters over their transgender identities. This dissertation is grounded in a cultural studies approach to representation as constitutive and constraining and a positional approach to gender that views gender identity as a position taken in a specific social context. Contributions are made to the fields of communication, film studies, and gender studies through the methodological approach to textual analysis of categories of films over individual case studies and the idea that individuals can be positioned in identities they do not actively claim for


Development Banking is form of financial intermediation that provides financing to high priority investment projects. This paper focuses on the meaning of Development Banks, their functions, difference between Development Bank and Commercial bank along with their critical evaluation. Table is used to show the financial assistance sanctioned and disbursed by Development Banks, taken from the site of RBI-respective financial institution. The meaning of Development banking is different for different people, for different places, and also for different times. This only goes to show that development banking has evolved since it was first conceptualized as an 'instrument of development'. However, in its original form and in its broadest definition, it is a type of financial intermediation to help the country reach a higher and sustainable level of development. On the wider context, the desired level of development includes the whole spectrum of socio-economic progress. Development banking therefore can also be defined as a form of financial intermediation that provides financing to high priority investment projects in a developing economy. Both definitions imply that the purpose of development banking is to bring the country to a higher level of development. Introduction and definition of development bank A development bank is a "bank" established for the purpose of "financing development". Development banks are specialized financial institutions which provide medium and long term finance to enterprises. These banks perform twin functions of providing medium and long term finance to entrepreneurs and performing various promotional roles conductive to economic development. The financial assistance is sanctioned to promote and develop important sectors like agriculture, industry, import-export, housing and allied activities. They do term lending, investment in securities and other activities. Development banks are those financial institutions whose prime goal is to finance the primary (basic) needs of the society. Such funding results in to growth and development of social and economic sectors of the nation. Rationale in setting up Development bank


This research aims to develop the learning material based on the KKNI curriculum and need analysis. This research belongs to research and develoment (RND). The population and sample in this research were the sixth semester nursing students of STIKES Muhammadiyah Kudus. This research concluded that 1) the learning material must be created based on KKNI curriculum and need analysis to prepare the students in the work field, 2) the material needs to increase not only English skill but also nursing skill, 3) the use of learning material that has been developed in the experimental group shows significant different from the control group.


Objective To explore the outcomes of NMOSD attacks and investigate serum biomarkers for prognosis and severity. Method Patients with NMOSD attacks were prospectively and observationally enrolled from January 2019 to December 2020 at four hospitals in Guangzhou, southern China. Data were collected at attack, discharge and 1/3/6 months after acute treatment. Serum cytokine/chemokine and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels were examined at the onset stage. Results One hundred patients with NMOSD attacks were included. The treatment comprised intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy alone (IVMP, 71%), IVMP combined with apheresis (8%), IVMP combined with intravenous immunoglobulin (18%) and other therapies (3%). EDSS scores decreased significantly from a medium of 4 (interquartile range 3.0–5.5) at attack to 3.5 (3.0–4.5) at discharge, 3.5 (2.0–4.0) at the 1-month visit and 3.0 (2.0–4.0) at the 3-month visit (p<0.01 in all comparisons). The remission rate was 38.0% at discharge and 63.3% at the 1-month visit. Notably, relapse occurred in 12.2% of 74 patients by the 6-month follow-up. Higher levels of T helper cell 2 (Th2)-related cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-1 receptor antagonist, predicted remission at the 1-month visit (OR=9.33, p=0.04). Serum NfL levels correlated positively with onset EDSS scores in acute-phase NMOSD (p<0.001, R2 = 0.487). Conclusions Outcomes of NMOSD attacks were generally moderate. A high level of serum Th2-related cytokines predicted remission at the 1-month visit, and serum NfL may serve as a biomarker of disease severity at attack. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04101058, identifier NCT04101058.


Taking into account the game theory, this research is a proposal to continue Polo's Transcendental Anthropology towards theandrism. This proposal involves a rectification of one of the two love polian theses and the proposal of several theses in respect to the gift human structure and its correspondance with the divine's. From theandrism it is possible to understand man as a dual being called to be a triadic being, which is an athropological route of access to divine intimacy.


Background: There is no large-scale study that has shown the efficacy of single pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive medications in black African population. We therefore evaluated the blood pressure (BP) lowering efficacy and the tolerability of Perindopril plus Amlodipine SPC in black African patients. Methods: It was a multi-centre, prospective, observational programme among hypertensive patients using different doses of Perindopril and Amlodipine. Primary endpoint was assessed as the change in mean sitting systolic and diastolic BPs from baseline to 3 months. Results: 937 patients (55.7% female) were analysed, and the mean age was 56.4 ± 12.7 years. Systolic and diastolic BPs were significantly reduced by 17.3/ 9.4mmHg, 21.1/10.8mmHg mmHg and 24.6/12.7mmHg at 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively compared to baseline value (p<0.0001). Dry cough was seen in 0.64% and angioedema 0.1% of the patients. Conclusions: Perindopril plus Amlodipine SPC provided clinically meaningful BP reductions and is well tolerated in a black African population.


Received Jun 9, 2017 Revised Nov 12, 2017 Accepted Nov 26, 2017 This paper utilizes the voltage source model of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and examines its abilities in mitigating the steady state stability margins of electric power system. It analyzes its behavior for different controls strategies and proposes the most efficient mode of controlling the controller for voltage stability enhancement. A systematic analytical methodology based on the concept of modal analysis of the modified load flow equations is employed to identify the area in a power system which is most prone voltage instability. Also to identify the most effective point of placement for the UPFC, a computer program has been developed using MATLAB. The results of analysis on 14 bus system is presented here as a case study. Keyword:


Aiming at low SNR infrared image sequences,the lack of edge and texture information,as well as independent and the characteristics of strong human target motion and gesture complex,the paper choosese Mean Shift tracking algorithm to track the target for infrared body.Infrared target can not scale effectively tracking changes in the traditional Mean Shift tracking algorithm,this paper has improved the original Mean Shift algorithm and by using edgeweighted histograms and histogram templates center-weighted way to calculate Bhattacharyya coefficient to achieve nuclear adaptive function of bandwidth and use friendly interface LabVIEW2011 platform to achieve,and has finally proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved algorithm through two experiments.


In recent years,a rapid surge of "green" metal pre-treatment technology based on the silane agents has been found in the field of corrosion control of metals.Nowadays,the investigation is emphasized on improving the corrosion performance of silane films by using different methods.In this paper,the modification of silane films by doping with nanoparticles and various inhibitors is reviewed in details.


The accelerated and consistent rise in life expectancy and the growing needs of elderly people who are required to support themselves for more years are leading to a conspicuous increase in the number of older workers who choose to remain in the labor market after reaching the official retirement age. The study indicates the distinct incompatibility between this policy and the needs of post-retirement age employees and proposes a list of changes aimed at adapting the policy to the current reality. The study stresses the significance of efficient public policy operating to regulate post-retirement employment for Israeli society in general and for older employees in particular. The research conclusions can contribute to shaping global public policy concerning the employment of older people.


Although research into blind equalisation has been on-going for more than a decade, the existing blind equalisation algorithms are often inefficient in combating the impairments introduced by mobile communication channels. New and efficient algorithms are hence needed. The performance characteristics of a recently proposed blind clustering technique in the presence of frequency selective fading and Doppler-effects in a mobile communication environment is first studied. A new, fast convergence algorithm is then introduced based on modification of the Super-Exponential (SE) algorithm, followed by a clustering technique with an automatically controlled step-size. Simulations show that the new algorithm converges very fast and can get rid of the constellation rotation problem encountered when applying the SE method to time-varying channels.


Friction stir processing (FSP) has been applied to blade blanks made from D2 steel to improve blade performance. D2 blanks of moderate hardness (30-40 HRC) are subjected to FSP using a convex scrolled shoulder, step spiral pin (CS4) tool made from PCBN. The resulting microstructures are hard, tough, and corrosion resistant. Hardness on the order 65-68 Rockwell C are achieved consistently. The grain size is on the order of a micron or less. The chromium content remaining in the steel grains is higher than that in quenched and tempered D2. Knife blades manufactured from FSP D2 steel exhibit up to a 10 fold increase in edge life over traditional thermomechanically processed and heat treated D2 blades. Methods for repeatably testing blade edge performance are presented, along with a microstructural analysis of the FSP D2. Introduction Friction Stir Welding has received significant attention over the past few years as a revolutionary joining process. It produces a fine wrought microstructure with properties significantly better than the cast microstructure of fusion processes. More, recently the friction stirring process has been applied to materials where no joint is involved, as a means of changing the microstructure on a local scale. This application is termed Friction Stir Processing (FSP). Because FSP is a relatively new metal working process, there are many applications yet to be explored. With the advent of new FSP tooling, applications in steels and other high softening temperature metals are becoming feasible. One of the most recent applications of FSP has been in processing of D2 tool steel for application to knives and other types of blades. This paper discusses preliminary results from this application. Previous Work FSP for Microstructural Modification. FSP for microstructural modification has gained increasing interest during the last six years. A derivative of Friction Stir Welding [1], FSP locally alters the microstructure of a metal by the application of extreme plastic deformation under pressure and temperature. As a result, highly refined microstructures with enhanced mechanical and physical properties have been reported [25]. Properties obtained through FSP often exceed those obtainable by traditional metal working processes. Mahoney and co-workers successfully applied FSP to high-strength, low-density aluminum alloys in order to achieve thick section superplastic properties [2,3]. They demonstrated elongations greater than 600% in 5mm thick 7050-T7 without localized necking. Similarly, aerospace components which had been processed via FSP exhibited more complete forming at half the pressure and time than traditional superplastic material [6]. Previously, superplastic characteristics have been obtainable only in materials less than 2 mm thick because of limitations in the sheet production process. Mishra and co-worker have successfully demonstrated increased mechanical properties in aluminum castings processed via FSP. The FSP material showed tensile strengths and elongations almost double those of the casting [4].


Exponentially grown cells of Escherichia coli JE 1011 were heated in pH 7.0, 0.05M phosphate buffer containing magnesium ion (Mg2+) or Mg2+-free buffer. In nutrient broth, the growth of the former cells was 2-3.5 hour faster than that of latter cells. Cells heated at 48°C and 50°C in Mg2+-free buffer gradually became unable to form colonies on deoxycholate agar medium (DOC). Cells heated at 48°C completely recovered from the damage and formed colonies on DOC upon the addition of Mg2+ to the buffer, but cells heated at 50°C showed only slight recovery. The cells of Escherichia coli JE 1011 also lost the ability to form colonies on DOC upon ethylenediaminetetraacetate treatment. NS mutants (NS1-NS6), which are outer membrane mutants derived from JE 1011, could not grow on DOC. These results suggest that cells with substantial outer membrane damage are unable to form colonies on DOC. The release of cellular materials during heating was suppressed by Mg2+. Mg2+ also protected heat-damaged cells from the anti-microbial action of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, except for the butyl ester in the case of cells heated at 50°C. From these results, we suggest that the protective effects of Mg2+ against heat-damage resulted from some reinforcement of the membrane structure by Mg2+, but these effects did not extend to the severe functional and structural damage caused by heating at higher temperature. Thus, p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters can show effective antimicrobial action against cells from which Mg2+ has been removed.


The engineering properties of trapped ions and their capacity to engender numerous quantum information resources determine many aspects of quantum information processing. We devise a setup of coherent and even coherent fields acting on two trapped ions to generate quantum memory, non-locality, and entanglement. Various effects, such as intrinsic decoherence, Lamb–Dicke regime, and dipole–dipole interaction are investigated. The inter-coupling of trapped ions, as well as the generation and dynamics of correlations between them, are analyzed. Using quantum memory assisted entropic uncertainty, trace-norm measurement induced non-locality, and concurrence, we find that the coherent and even coherent fields successfully generate non-local correlations in trapped-ions, with the latter being more resourceful for the dynamics and preservation of the non-local correlations. Furthermore, we observe that the entropic uncertainty and the trace norm induced non-locality present symmetrical dynamics. The dipole–dipole interaction improves correlation's generation, robustness, and entropic uncertainty suppression.


Photovoltaic (PV) power is rapidly improving at a gross annual rate, and it is also quickly becoming a crucial part of an integrated distribution network. The increasing penetration level of solar PV over distribution grid also brings new challenges for distribution engineers. The conventional distribution system was prepared and functioned for the unidirectional power flow from the utility source towards end-use loads. Intermittent nature of solar PV output and higher penetration forces the regular tap changing of on-load tap changing transformer (OLCT), sudden voltage rise, relay miscoordination, significant deviation in short-circuit current and increase in harmonic distortion. The present paper analyzed the effects of Distributed Generation (DG) penetration on-grid parameters.


This research extends the analysis of the importance of winning on attendance. The author assumes that fan's reactions differ across teams and estimates separate attendance models for each Major League Baseball team in the sample. Results from generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models indicate winning is an important determinant of attendance for the 12 National League teams in the sample, although some variation exists in the magnitude of the effect across teams. Results from the GARCH models are similar in magnitude to results from other alternative estimation procedures. The study also finds a boost in attendance from playing an interleague opponent.


This book aims to clarify, critically discuss, and propose solutions for the application of international rules of attribution of conduct to States under public international law and international investment law. In a nutshell, the issue is that of the applicability of the principles of 'attribution' to States of acts that are in breach of their obligations under international custom or international treaties, with a focus on their commitments pertaining to the treatment of foreign investors under international investment agreements (IIAs), mostly bilateral investment treaties (BITs), and their application by arbitral tribunals. Of special interest and the object of extensive debate within this context is the responsibility of States when the alleged breach has been committed not by the State itself through its organs, but by entities which have separate legal personality under domestic law, which, nevertheless, may engage the responsibility of the State under international law, such as State-owned enterprises (SOEs). The book addresses the relevant issues in a systematic way, approaching them first in general terms on the basis of the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA) on attribution, finalized by the International Law Commission (ILC) in 2001, and proceeding thereafter to the specifics of international investment law, based on an accurate examination of the law, practice, and case law, with full knowledge and consideration of the academic debate. To this extent, the book submits that the general principles on attribution are fully applicable within international investment law, which is not a closed system governed by different principles, and that tribunals have to apply them as they generally do.


Screening of man-made pit mud formula was studied on the basis of breeding excellent functional microbes in pit mud. Based on yellow soil mud, different proportions of aged pit mud, sealing pit mud, Daqu powder, vinasse, wheat bran, bean pulp, end liquor, yellow slurry water, compound functional microbial liquid, sodium acetate nutritive salt were added to cultivate man-made pit mud with different formula. Through sensory evaluation of pit mud and detection analysis of trace elements, physicochemical and microbial indicators, the optimal formula was preliminary screened for cultivation of functional man-made pit mud.


The paper describes some experimental investigations of the formation and collapse of cavitation bubbles. The experiments were carried on in the high-speed water tunnel of the Hydrodynamics Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology under the sponsorship of the Research and Development Division of the Bureau of Ordnance of the U. S. Navy and the Fluid Mechanics Section of the Office of Naval Research. A detailed study of the formation and collapse of the individual bubbles has been carried on by the use of high-speed motion pictures taken at rates up to 20,000 per sec. From these records calculations have been made of rate of formation and collapse of the bubbles. Deductions have been drawn from these results concerning the physical mechanism of the cavitation phenomenon.


The past decade has seen data privacy emerge as a fundamental and pressing issue. Among the tools developed to tackle it, differential privacy has emerged as a central and principled framework, with specific variants capturing various threat models. In particular, the recently proposed shuffle model of differential privacy allows for promising tradeoffs between accuracy and privacy. However, the shuffle model may not be suitable in all situations, as it relies on a distributed setting where all users can coordinate and trust (or simulate) a joint shuffling algorithm. To address this, we introduce a new model, the group shuffle model, in which users are partitioned into several groups, each group having its own local shuffler. We investigate the privacy/accuracy tradeoffs in our model, by comparing it to both the shuffle and local models of privacy, which it some sense interpolates between. In addition to general relations between group shuffle, shuffle, and local privacy, we provide a detailed comparison of the cost and benefit of the group shuffle model, by providing both upper and lower bounds for the specific task of binary summation.


Creek mound sites were shrines where, presumably, people traveled to worship is worthy of further cogitation. In her contribution, Rebecca Saunders applies design analysis to the Georgia coast and learns that Swift Creek villagers there interacted among themselves but not with interior populations. James Stoltman and Snow team up in another chapter to combine petrographic analysis of pastes with design analysis/fingerprinting. They conclude it was both pots and potters (with paddles) moving among sites. Chapter 8 presents Betty Smith's neutron activation analysis of ceramics from the Mandeville and the Swift Creek sites. A few sherds from each site and the figurines (from Mandeville) probably were not locally made. Swift Creek is indeed many things. Perhaps most importantly, it is an active topic of research.


Author(s): Budiman, Arief S.; Tamura, N.; Valek, B.C.; Gadre, K.; Maiz, J.; Spolenak, R.; Caldwell, W.A.; Nix, W.D.; Patel, J.R. | Abstract: An unexpected mode of plastic deformation was observed in damascene Cu interconnect test structure during an in-situ electromigration experiment and before the onset of visible microstructural damages (void, hillock formation). We show here, using a synchrotron technique of white beam X-ray microdiffraction, that the extent of this electromigration-induced plasticityis dependent on the line width. The grain texture of the line might also play an important role. In wide lines, plastic deformation manifests itself as grain bending and the formation of subgrain structures, while only grain rotation is observed in the narrower lines. This early stage behavior can have a direct bearing on the final failure stage of electromigration.


This paper examines two aspects of the notion of emotion through the viewpoints of Wang Fu-Chih as embodied in his literary works, and thereby postulates on his art theory. This involves a discussion on the problem of formal emotion – i.e., the lack of sincerity – which encumbered those who preceded Wang Fu-Chih vis-a-vis the emotional ideation of Li Zhi, a philosopher who belonged to the left wing of the Yangming School. Reflecting on these two aspects of emotion, Wang Fu-Chih sought to restore human values through the mediation of ethics and emotion. His philosophical tenets dictated that such mediation should be undertaken in interaction with Nature. Thus, he predicates his art theory on the premise that originality should be manifested through direct engagement with Nature and that artistic sophistication should be based on specific and accurate knowledge of the matters of Nature.


This work explored two methodologies for clustering independent components (ICs) into physiological groups corresponding to maternal respiratory (MR), maternal cardiac (MC), foetal cardiac (FC), or noisy (N) activities. The methods, based on frequency content (S) or time-structure (R) analyses, were tested on 750 ICs (extracted from 25 abdominal phonograms by using single-channel independent component analysis, SCICA). Results showed that the S-based methodology is more reliable at clustering similar ICs than the R-based method. On the other hand, the R-based methodology not only clusters ICs, but also identifies their physiological origin, which is a desired quality. These characteristics make both schemes interesting for automatic and fast classification of ICs extracted from the abdominal phonogram. These results were so promising that current work has already combined both methods into an enhanced version for grouping physiological ICs extracted by SCICA. Future work will analyse foetal traces for well-being information recovery.


We read with considerable interest the recent report by Ibrahim et al 1 on the use of haemostatic powder in addition to standard of care management for oesophageal variceal bleeding. The authors have performed a randomised controlled trial of early (<2 hours) application of haemostatic powder compared with 'early' elective endoscopy (performed at 12–24 hours) and found a significant improvement in the primary outcome, which was clinical haemostasis in the first 24 hours and endoscopic haemostasis at early elective endoscopy. The authors suggest that this very early control of bleeding could translate into improved survival, which was significantly better in the powder group although the trial was not powered for this outcome. The authors highlight that despite guidelines …


Classification of homozygous-by-descent (HBD) segments or ROH in different age-related groups based on their length is useful for several applications. Here we compare the partitioning obtained with our newly developed multiple-HBD classes hidden Markov model (HMM) with an alternative approach consisting of length-based clustering of ROH. When the HMM was applied to simulated data sets, autozygosity was concentrated in the HBD-class associated with the ancestors causing inbreeding. This was however not observed for the ROH-classes corresponding to the expected length of ROH transmitted from these ancestors. On real cattle data, autozygosity was maximized with the HMM in the HBD-class matching the inferred period of reduced N e . In summary, while ROH-based classifications must be interpreted cautiously, our newly developed multiple HBD-classes HMM seems promising to provide a better picture of the age-based partitioning of individual genomic inbreeding.


The social society order stimulates the interest of the pedagogical science and practice to the process of the higher school students' education modernization. The creation of the general national education quality evaluation system is one of the directions of modernization. At present the following technologies of pedagogical quality measurement: testing, rating system, diagnostics, examination, monitoring, become more and more popular.


The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential contribution of regionally-specific land use-related activities to the future emissions at 0.5o x 0.5o resolution. We have developed a downscaling framework, which spatially disaggregates future land uses changes based on socio-economic, biophysical, and biogeochemical factors at 0.5 degree by 0.5 degree resolution. The downscaling framework has been used to calculate greenhouse gas emissions for two IPCC scenarios, A2 and B2. Results indicates that Land uses changes under the A2 scenario contribute significantly to the emissions of CO2, CO, NOx, and NMHCs. Under this scenario land use changes generate 0.8 Gt/yr CO2, 71.1 Tg/yr CO, 1.9 Tg/yr Nox, and 4.9 Tg/yr NMHCs by 2025, which drop to 0.6 Gt/yr, 16.5 Tg/yr, 0.4 Tg/ye, and 1.0 Tg/yr by 2050. Results also indicate that more land will be available for the Agro-Ecological zones, which represent a length of growing period between 120 to 239 days in the future under both scenarios.


Deeply rooted in the culture of Japan's recession of the s are insistent issues of Japanese war responsibility and compensation, some of which stem from atrocities such as the Nanjing massacre of  and sexual slavery connected with the so-called comfort stations operated by the Japanese military during the Asia Pacific War. Centrally at issue in most of these cases are demands for Japanese apology and compensation. In the course of the decade, significant connections have emerged between issues of war guilt and the question of Japanese nationalism. These are manifest especially in what has come to be called the debate on the historical subject (rekishi shutai ronsō), which was touched off by literary critic Katō Norihiro's publication in January  of an essay titled ''Haisengoron'' [Since defeat], and whose various manifestations continue to the present. Others have already written in English about this essay and the ensuing controversy. My focus will be on Katō's argument that in order to offer an authentic apology for the  million (non-Japanese) Asian victims of the Pacific War, it is first necessary to form a national subject (kokumin shutai) via the


Dopaminergic transmission has been suggested to be a main mechanism mediating reinforcement, withdrawal and craving in alcohol dependency. Dopamine is associated with prolactin secretion, acting as a prolactin inhibitor. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between altered prolactin levels and craving during early and late alcohol withdrawal. Therefore, we examined 145 patients suffering from alcohol dependency after admission to the detoxification unit, assessing craving with the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) and measuring prolactin serum levels during early withdrawal (‐EW: day 0 or day 1) and late withdrawal (‐LW: day 7–day 10). We observed a significant influence of the alteration of prolactin during withdrawal on craving in female patients (Spearman's rho, OCDS‐EW: r =−0.607, p =0.001; OCDS‐LW: r =−0.730, p2 =0.530; OCDS‐LW: F =17.091, p2 =0.535). In male patients we did not find any significant results. Our findings support the previously described role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in the neurobiology of alcohol craving and show evidence of an association between increased prolactin serum levels and lower craving during alcohol withdrawal in female patients.


The modeling of the semiconductor devices and the need for simulation became currently very essential in power electronics. It permits at the same time to reduce the time and the development costs of the devices, as it makes thereafter to increase the reliability of the designed circuits. By the present article, we could prove the possibility to develop behavioral and electrothermal circuit models of the bipolar devices. These models, also simple, regarding the compromise precision-complexity and compatible with the electric circuits software's simulator.


In this article, we seek to recast scholarly thinking about workplace relationships by exploring their lasting value. Drawing on a two-wave survey study, we find that ties with former coworkers hav...


The issue of collecting tax resources to the consolidated budget has determined and still determines difficulties which cannot be neglected in all the former socialist countries of the Central and Eastern Europe. From the Members States of the European Union, Romania is the country with the highest VAT Gap between EU Member States: 41%, compared to a European average of 15.2%. One solution tried to solve this problem was the regulation of mandatory use of electronic cash registers with fiscal memory. In this way, it was considered that a better highlight and also a tighter control of economic transactions will be achieved, from a fiscal point of view. In our study, we analyze, for the Romanian context in the post-EU accession, whether the mandatory introduction of these devices in recording commercial transactions has had a significant impact on VAT collection. The study includes two stages of the analysis: in the first stage we estimated the influence of VAT rate variation on the degree of the VAT collection. Then we used the residual component to test the influence of EFDs' mandatory introduction on VAT collection or on fiscal efficiency. The results indicate an improvement in the collection of VAT but also a decrease in the efficiency of fiscal collection.


The presence of biologically active secondary metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants makes them a good raw material for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Of great importance is the collection of knowledge about the level of antioxidant activity and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants, produced by in vitro micropropagation using the genetically determined biosynthetic potential of species, without applying genetic manipulations. Due to the increasing number of people who cannot or do not want to consume sucrose, the food industry is focusing on replacing artificial sweeteners with natural sugars. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves accumulate diterpenoid steviol glycosides, which are 300 times sweeter than ordinary table sugar and has zero calories and carbohydrates, does not cause spikes in blood sugar levels, and maintains thermal stability at 100 ° C (Geuns, 2003). Several studies have represented data that AgNO3 possessed a beneficial effect on various plant species regeneration (Hyde and Phillips 1996; Tamimi 2015). Because the ethylene and the polyamines use the same precursor for their biosynthesis inhibiting the ethylene action by AgNO3 will lead to enhancing polyamine biosynthesis, which has been shown to enhance plant growth and development (Bais and Ravishankar 2002; Kumar and Rajam 2004). On the other hand, there are hypotheses that AgNO3 inhibits ethylene action because the Ag ions replace Cu ions, located in the ethylene receptors leading to the reducing the capacity to bind ethylene (Jakubowicz et al. 2010). Nanomaterials have a range of specific chemical, physical, and optical properties, which are not found in macromolecules (Tsekova et al., 2009). Silver nanoparticles have a highly developed surface area, which leads to some special characteristics and properties like high catalytic activity, reactivity, adsorption ability, and antimicrobial activity (Anchev et al., 2019). There are a number of studies in the literature about the effect of amino acids on plant propagation in vitro, but there is no information about their effect if they are bound in a polypeptide chain with a diameter in the nano scale, which to be a carrier of biologically active agents. The objective of the present study was to use nanofibers, formed from a derivative of amino acid valine as a carrier of the biologically active agent silver particles (NF-2%Ag) and their impact on the antioxidant activity of S. rebaudiana plantlets propagated by direct organogenesis.


Although first identified 120 years ago, knowledge of the Toalean technoculture of Middle Holocene Sulawesi, Indonesia, remains limited. Previous research has emphasised the exploitation of largely terrestrial resources by hunter-gatherers on the island. The recent recovery of two modified tiger shark teeth from the Maros-Pangkep karsts of South Sulawesi, however, offers new insights. The authors combine use-wear and residue analyses with ethnographic and experimental data to indicate the use of these artefacts as hafted blades within conflict and ritual contexts, revealing hitherto undocumented technological and social practices among Toalean hunter-gatherers. The results suggest these artefacts constitute some of the earliest archaeological evidence for the use of shark teeth in composite weapons.


This research investigates prominent philosophies of mind, juxtaposes them in an arbitrary fashion, and interprets them to see if we can find any analytical reconciliation between them. Our epistemological inquiry in this paper, will not be confined to mere metaphysical deliberation alone, but will concordantly make use of contemporary terminology from philosophy, psychology, physics, and quantum mechanics. Such is the nature of this fundamental query, that we find it highly necessary to revitalise the discourse regarding the basis for a broad spectrum of foundational application and articulation of contemporary scientific language. This paper does not necessarily serve the function of being a simple introduction to these theories. Rather, we might take isolated examples from esteemed thinkers and scientists, who previously have elaborated on these theories, to illustrate the points we find most relevant to our own analysis. This short paper is thus, not a rigorous attempt to arrive at some ultimate philosophy or theory of mind, but it's rather an exposition of the most controversial ideas within the discourse. Our own research on these topics, might hopefully give rise to a higher level of objectivity on the matters at hand.


With reference of crisis's deepening processes at the present stage of national economy's development there is emerge a reduction in investment by both the private sector and public institutions. At the same time, one of the important components of creating a favorable climate for Ukraine's economic growth is the development of infrastructure. Up today a set of problems related to the fixed assets` obsolescence in almost all areas of economic activity, physical and moral deterioration of equipment, lack of investment in infrastructure, lack of budget funding for infrastructure investment and innovation projects, etc. Consequently, there is a need to find qualitatively new tools and mechanisms for investment development of Ukraine's economy, also forms and methods of investment interaction between the state and business based on public-private partnership (hereinafter – PPP). The effective interaction between the state and the private sector in PPP together with well-organized risk management system will allow investing in the development of production capacity, accelerate industrial growth, expand domestic and foreign markets, improve the quality of goods, works and services, improve public services, improve investment attractiveness and business activity. The research in the article is devoted to public-private partnership, which arises as a result of partnership between the state and business. PPP today is one of the qualitatively new tool and mechanism for investment development of Ukraine's economy. The world practice of PPP projects' application, their most widespread types in different countries is investigated in the work. At present PPP is quite widely, especially in Europe, in the implementation of socio-economic tasks, such as ensuring effective governance in the field of PPP, reducing burden on the budget, strengthening the social responsibility of business, improving the quality of life of the country`s population, etc.


The knowledge of electro-pollution is very essential for a number of reasons. Though several studies reveal the effect of environmental pollution hazards, the public were still not aware of the pollution hazards, besides the scientists and technologists of every discipline still depend on electric energy for everything they do.


In this paper, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and variational iteration method (VIM) are used to solve the large amplitude torsional oscillations equations in a nonlinearly suspension bridge. This paper compares the HPM and VIM in order to solve the equations of nonlinearly suspension bridge. A comparative study between the HPM and VIM is presented in this work. The achieved results reveal that the HPM and VIM are very effective, convenient and quite accurate to nonlinear partial differential equations. These methods can be easily extended to other strongly nonlinear oscillations and can be found widely applicable in engineering and science. The Laplace transform method is applied to obtaining the Lagrange multiplier in the VIM solution.