First‐passage times (FPTs) are widely used to characterize stochastic processes such as chemical reactions, protein folding, diffusion processes or triggering a stock option. In previous work (Suarez et al., JCTC 2014;10:2658‐2667), we demonstrated a non‐Markovian analysis approach that, with a sufficient subset of history information, yields unbiased mean first‐passage times from weighted‐ensemble (WE) simulations. The estimation of the distribution of the first‐passage times is, however, a more ambitious goal since it cannot be obtained by direct observation in WE trajectories. Likewise, a large number of events would be required to make a good estimation of the distribution from a regular "brute force" simulation. Here, we show how the previously developed non‐Markovian analysis can generate approximate, but highly accurate, FPT distributions from WE data. The analysis can also be applied to any other unbiased trajectories, such as from standard molecular dynamics simulations. The present study employs a range of systems with independent verification of the distributions to demonstrate the success and limitations of the approach. By comparison to a standard Markov analysis, the non‐Markovian approach is less sensitive to the user‐defined discretization of configuration space.


In India household work has always been considered a below someone's dignity. It hasalways been the 'duty' of the woman: wife, mother, daughter or sister to do the household tasksand expect no pay. No wonder regarding that the domestic worker is so deliberately underpaid.The relation between nation's prosperity and women's condition can be understood by thefamous quote given by the Prime Minister of free India-Jawaharlal Nehru, "You can tell the


A method to simulate an open boundary problem within the finite difference time domain approach for the emission of photo-conductive antennas is presented here. For this purpose, we use convolutional perfectly matched layers (CPMLs). In these devices, the semiconductor region, where transient currents are present in simulation time, is considered to be an "active" medium. This medium is extended virtually beyond its boundaries or the computational domain limits. We explain in this communication how to simulate the transient state of a semiconductor in a CPML region as well as the potential of the method developed to solve conventional practical applications.


Correlations between forest biomass and full polarimetric parameters, including  0 , four-component decomposition, eigenvalue decomposition (entropy/alpha/anisotropy), and coherence values between polarization were analyzed. Polarimetric and interferometric airborne synthetic aperture radar with L-band type-2 (Pi-SAR-L2) data were examined to identify prospective parameters for estimating the above ground biomass (AG-biomass) of a dense forest in the Riau province of Indonesia. The  0 AG-biomass curve showed saturation at ~100 tons/ha. In contrast, several full polarimetric parameters such as entropy and coherence between polarizations () showed correlations up to 200 tons/ha. Similar results were derived in the Peruvian Amazon, where PALSAR (phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar) /full polarimetric data were analyzed. A  of 0.2, which was observed for the high biomass area, was almost at noise level. Larger entropies observed for the higher biomass areas imply that more randomness was introduced in the scattering mechanism. These results indicate that the L-band SAR signal observed over higher biomass areas is approaching the random signal level.


The b-tagging performance expected for ATLAS Run-II will be presented hereafter. These studies are based on Monte-Carlo simulations of tt¯ events. These results enable to quantify the impact of both the installation of a new pixel layer and the repairs of several electronics components of the actual pixel detector on the b-tagging performance. Beforehand, a brief description of the ATLAS experiment at LHC and of the b-tagging algorithms will be developed.


OBJECTIVES: to analyze household post neonatal infant mortality occurring in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. METHODS:post neonatal deaths due to diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition were selected between May 1991 and April 1992. Following hospital investigation, 511 deaths were identified and 396 were included in the study. It was noted that 34,3% of infant deaths occurred out of the hospital. After hospital investigation and interviews with the children's families, household deaths were compared to those occurring in hospitals. RESULTS: comparisons indicated that both groups were similar in terms of socioeconomic variables, gestation, childbirth conditions and health status. The multivariate analysis indicated that only the number of health services visited in the last 15 days was associated to place of death, with a 2,5 times risk of dying out of the hospital for children whose families procured less than three healthcare facilities (OR = 2,53). Medical assistance, provided by medical services two weeks prior to death showed that inadequate clinical management was also associated to household death (OR = 1,78). CONCLUSIONS: household infant deaths were associated to the low quality medical services provided by healthcare facilities.


Asthma is the most common chronic illness effectring children and adolescents in Australia, and is associated with increasing morbidity rates and financial costs to our society.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of a specific manual therapy technique, rib raising, could produce short and intermediate term improvements in the lung function in children with chronic asthma. The results demonstrated that rib raising produce and increase in the lung function of an asthmatic child in the short and intermediate term. Further research is required to determine the possible benefits of rib raising on children with chronic stable asthma.
This minor thesis was written by a post-graduate student as part of the requirements of the Master of Health Science (Osteopathy) program.


This experiment used the small field trial and the chemical assay methods to analyse the relation between the treatment and the output and quality of the cherry radish.It showed that with increasing of the treatment,the soluble sugar,Vitamin C,the content of the nitrite and the output of the cherry radish were all going down after going up,and the better urae applicationrates were 17.5~21.5 g/m2.


We have been developing holograms and holography technology for more than two decades for various applications. Embossed-type holograms manufactured by NDP are commercially available and are used widely in Japan. Currently, we are developing volume-type holograms. Some holographic optical elements (HOEs) and color graphic-arts are ready for commercialization. We are studying color holograms are ready for commercialization. We are studying color holograms as the next generation of volume-type holograms. At the previous SPIE meeting, we reported on the process for mass producing full-color Loppmann holograms and the adhesive film employed. This paper concerns the mastering process. It should be simple so as to be suitable for mass production, and a hologram copied from a master should have limited viewing range so as to provide greater brightness. To obtain a brighter hologram with the desired viewing angle, we employ a new modified Denishuku method for mastering. In this study, the relationship between the incident angles used for mastering and for copying was examined, and a new way of limiting the viewing area was devised. Through a combination of our mastering, replication and adhesive technologies, we have succeeded in mass production full- color holograms for the first time in the world. This has enabled DNP to develop commercial-level color graphic-arts holograms, some of which are widely available in the marketplace.


Domestic appliance is an instance of manufacturing various products on clients demand with frequent changes of production. Although the technological process for each individual product is relatively simply, the variety of products, mixed orders, frequent machines changeovers, machines with unusual service policy, lack or limited storage, etc., generates quite nontrivial planning, batching and scheduling problems and furthermore of a huge size. In this paper, we present speci c real process of production of refrigerators, mathematical and graph models of the problem and an outline of solution algorithm, based the on local search approach.


Is it possible to dream of the experience of death? This paper draws on a personal consideration of a dream, along with treatment of death in the work of Martin Heidegger and Emmanuel Levinas, to reconfigure the terms of this question.


In Entangled Empathy, Lori Gruen offers an alternative ethic for our relationships with animals. In this article, I examine Gruen's account of entangled empathy by first focusing on entangled empathy's relation to the moral emotions of sympathy, compassion, and other emotions. I then challenge Gruen's account of how entangled empathy moves us to attend to others. Lastly, and without intending to place humans at the center of the conversation, I reflect on the ways entangled empathy can help us solve some human problems—particularly the racial divide in the United States.


UPTURE of the intervertebral disc in the lumbar spine most often occurs to one or the other side of the strong posterior longitudinal ligament. Rarely the central part of the ligament itself is perforated. Even more rare is the observation that the disc material has ruptured through the anterior aspect of the spinal dura and is displaced intrathecally. Only nine such cases have been reported. ~,3-7 Two patients with intradural disc herniation recently treated in the Neurosurgical Department of Ullevfil Hospital provided the stimulus for an anatomical investigation of the relation between the spinal dura and the posterior longitudinal ligament in the lower lumbar region. The myelogram slowed a complete block at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebral body, suggesting an intradural localization (Fig. 1). The history and the clinical findings were characteristic of an intraspinal tumor. Operation. Laminectomy of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae was performed. A solid intradural tumor could be felt above the level of the arch of the fourth vertebra. When the dura was opened an irregular solid


In order to improve output of cashew,blossoming and pollination habits of cashew were observed and researched in Mengla village of Yunnan.The results showed that cashew was a typical entomophilous plant;it had a long flowering period from 90 days to 149 days;the hermaphrodite flowers were more than the males,and the flowering peak of hermaphrodite flowers was 1 hours ahead of the peak of anthers dehiscence,which made cashew's geitonogamy possible;natural pollination had been limited and artificial pollination could enhance the fruit setting rate.That indicated that cashew output would be influenced inevitably by flowering and pollination habits.Some suggestion were put out,for example,to introduce pollination insects,to select improved breed with concentrated flowering period,and to improve planting mode for higher pollination quality.


Yoga – meditation has been integral part of Indians since ages. Even gods are not an exception in practicing yoga. Because of yoga they were able to concentrate and take very calculative decisions. past two / three decades, thanks to the hectic schedules in the Global MNC's, especially software employees are becoming pray such hectic schedule . if they are asked to practice meditatio time??? These kinds of stress are leading to health hazards, frustration, hyper tension and many more such issues. This in tu affecting upon the overall performance of employees relax and spend time for them. Western countries have identified the solution as Meditation to curb such stress related problems, which can be practiced anytime anywhere... In imparted to all the age group people on the similar parlance. The requirement varies as the age progresses. The objective of is to identify the effect of meditation on the select IT professionals hailing from different levels and across different age groups and its impact on their performance at professional level. The age group of the selected sample varies from 22 years to 55 years from level to management level. They have been practicing meditation with a diverse group from beginners to seasoned ones ranging from 3 months old to 25 years. Some of the problems in day to day were addressed for them viz sleep deprivation, reduction of anx becoming fearlessness, controlled emotions (emotional maturity), improved focus, enthusiasm at work etc. The leaders at work suggest their teams to practice meditation as the long term benefits are enormous in improving the quality of the work. believes that meditation and yoga are the continuous methods for attainting pinnacle of self whether it is in personal life or work life. Especially in work life it provides immense benefits both to the employer and em achieving the organizational goals in set standards. Ripples of yoga and meditation across age groups of employees significantly vary in the process of practice. This study explores the relationship between employee age and meditation across various yog meditation practicing managers and its effect on company performance. To explore these dimensions the study will administer a structured questionnaire with standard scales used in research. The study intended to use multivariate statistical tools lik analysis and discriminate analysis, in addition to univariate statistical tools.


Nonuniform current distribution at an electrode surface can complicate the measurement of ohmic and polarization resistances. The problem is investigated theoretically for a rectangular cell with electrodes of different sizes placed symmetrically at the opposite surfaces of the electrolyte, a situation typical for solid-state electrochemical cells. Solutions obtained for the secondary distribution problem show that the error in the measured polarization resistance may become large if the electrode reaction is fast, or the electrolyte conductivity low. Moreover, kinetic limitations at the counter electrode may cause distortion of the measured overpotential in cells with thin electrolytes, leading to significant errors in the measured polarization resistance. The overpotentials at the two electrodes become experimentally indistinguishable under such conditions. The geometrical and electrochemical conditions which cause such errors are becoming increasingly realistic for the state-of-the-art components under development for solid oxide fuel cells, characterized by thin electrolyte layers and improved reaction rates at the cathode. The use of thick electrolytes and/or working electrodes which are much smaller than the counter electrode may alleviate the problem related to the polarization of the counter electrode. Correction of the measured data by use of theoretical models is another possibility


INTRODUCTION: Plant members of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family of proteins can confer tolerance to metals when overexpressed in yeast or plants. Four proteins (AtMTP8 to AtMTP11) that form a distinct group on a phylogenetic tree of the CDF proteins within Arabidopsis thaliana are closely related to the protein encoded by the Stylosanthes hamata gene; ShMTP8 [1]. Both ShMTP8 and AtMTP11 confer Mn tolerance, and cause Mn accumulation in transgenic plants expressing these proteins [1,2]. Here, we investigate the subcellular location of GFP-fusions of ShMTP8 and AtMTP11.


Economic development and urbanization are positively associated. One way to maintain the balanced development in the economy is to keep a stress on 'urbanization'. Urbanization transfers resources from rural to urban centers and simultaneously, brings resources, through rural-urban linkage, to the rural economy for its development. It is considerably true that urbanization becomes the key for reconstructing the entire economy, as it changes the sectoral composition of output, income and employment. Its progress more or less depends upon the advancement of urban economy, which rides on the expansion of industrialization in the country. But industrialization or the level of industrial development relies on the accessibility of resource base, level of technology, explicit and implicit government intervention and the availability of infrastructure in the economy (Henderson, 1999). In this context, the paper explores the relationship between infrastructure and urbanization in the Indian economy and draws policy implications for similar developing economies. To explore the relation between infrastructure and urbanization, the paper is develops an econometric model. For empirical prognostication of the same, the work uses the macro economic databases of Indian economy from year 2001–10.


It is well-known that the electron trajectory in an undulator is influenced by the focusing properties (both horizontal and vertical) of the magnetic field. The approximate solutions of motion equations for electrons in the 3-dimensional magnetic field, which describe these focusing properties, can be found by means of averaging over the short-length oscillations. On the other hand, the equations of motion can be solved numerically, by applying the Runge-Kutta algorithm. It is shown in this paper that numerically computed trajectories, which can be considered as figure of merit, on frequent occasions differ considerably from the correspondent approximate solutions obtained through the averaging method. It means that actually the undulator field influence on the electron trajectory is complicated and often cannot be reduced to the well-known focusing phenomena along.


E J Squires 1985 Bristol: Adam Hilger 184 pp price £18.95 (£8.95 paperback) (IOP members' prices £15.15 and £7.15) ISBN 0 85274 786 1 Hdbk, 0 85274 798 5 Pbk In this book Professor Euan Squires attempts to tell the story of fundamental physics to an audience which includes sixthformers and undergraduates. Current theoretical work in elementary particle physics is almost exclusively concerned with the special class of relativistic quantum field theories known as gauge field theories.


Educational ideology is the soul of school education. The change of educational ideology is the forerunner of deep reform of higher TCM education. Only when a new change of educational ideology is completed,can the train of thought of reform and construction come into being which adapt to the demand of new century and educational laws. The educational ideology will be transformed based on the knowledge of market economy system,medical education,health requirement and merger of educational institutions. The fundamental works include renewed curricular system,teaching content and methods,and improvement of teaching staff quality and management level.


The FTIR and coefficient of viscosity for Cashew/Khaya blends in deionized water were measured, the changes in specific viscosity of the blends with corresponding effect of temperature and ionic salts, i.e. KCl, KBr and AlCl3 were modeled. The measured parameters were used to estimate other related physical quantities using Huggins, Tanglertpaibul and Rao, Frankel-eyring and Arrhenuis-frankel models etc. these quantities includes the intrinsic viscosity (η), conformation parameter (blaw), standard Enthalpy and Energy change of blend flow (∆H and ∆E), Huggins parameter (K), Interaction parameter (bm1) were proposed by Higiro et al., to identify the molecular conformation and the interaction arising in solution of gum blends. The peculiar deviation confirmed the structural changes in the solution of the blends, while the FTIR confirmed the formation of physical blends.


The aim of this paper is to prove some common random fixed point theorem for two pairs of compatible random multivalued operators satisfying rational inequality.


The article is an attempt to study the English garden as a national and linguocultural phenomenon. The author gives a historic outline of garden art development in England and describes the distinctive features of this phenomenon within the scope of linguocultural naming units.


Robot imitation is a useful and promising alternative to robot programming. Robot imitation involves two crucial issues. The first is how a robot can imitate a human whose physical structure and properties differ greatly from its own. The second is how the robot can generate various motions from finite programmable patterns (generalization). This paper describes a novel approach to robot imitation based on its own physical experiences. Let us consider a target task of moving an object on a table. For imitation, we focused on an active sensing process in which the robot acquires the relation between the object's motion and its own arm motion. For generalization, we applied a recurrent neural network with parametric bias (RNNPB) model to enable recognition/generation of imitation motions. The robot associates the arm motion which reproduces the observed object's motion presented by a human operator. Experimental results demonstrated that our method enabled the robot to imitate not only motion it has experienced but also unknown motion, which proved its capability for generalization


The proposed investigational programme aims to assess SCC efficiency by altering the percentage of silica fumes used as a substitute material. A study of the reliability of fresh and hardened concrete properties was conducted. In this study, the test mix which really compensates the fresh concrete properties provides the highest compressive strength was used. Silica fume is used to substitute cement in varying percentages (0, 10%, 15% and 20%). As compared to other cement replacement, Self-Compacting Concrete with 15% silica fume showed higher performance. Three beams were cast and assessed for flexural behaviour: conventional RCC, self-compacting concrete Beam, and SCC with 15% silica fume. As compared to other instances, SCC with 15% silica fume performed well, which is shown in the load deflection graph.


Based on mathematically rigorous analysis of nonlinear differential equations studied in our companion article [1], we construct a model which describes the nonlinear gravitational instability on a local portion of the universe characterized by the expanding Newtonian universe. In this portion, the perturbations are homogeneous and isotropic. This result, to some extent, can be viewed as a nonlinear version of the Jeans instability. The growth rate of the relative density due to the nonlinear effects is much faster (at least ∼ exp( t 23 ) or blowup at a finite time according to the data) than the one predicted by the classical linear version of the Jeans instability ( ∼ t 23 ), and it leads to a better, or potentially substantial impacts on, understanding of the formation of the nonlinear structures in the universe and stellar systems. This article associated with [1] provides a new window into the rigorously mathematical and robust method, instead of the most used approximations and numerical calculations, of the fully nonlinear analysis of the Jeans instability for general cases .


Gramsci is one of the founders of the Western Marxist theory,the "civil society" concept is(different) from Hegel′s public community,it is also different from Marx′s sharing the economic base of the social significance,but as a superstructure areas.Gramsci′s "civil society" as a(unique) understanding of the basis of the interpretation of the proletarian ideology of cultural leadership must grasp on the "trench warfare" and the idea of "organic intellectuals" ideology.Gramsci′s "civil society" theory has the inspiration of great significance on Chinese(characteristics) of the current strengthening of ideological and building generally effective global governance and the rule of law.


Classical problems of socialization are analyzed from a different angle: the authors put forward an idea that acquisition of ontological characteristics by a person is accompanied by virtual reality, understood as a kind of ideal, making a person live according to once acquired and later transformed ideas on due and right. Thus, virtualization itself becomes an important factor of socialization. Contradictory, ambiguous, multidimensional nature of virtual reality and its participation in socialization as well as further blending of virtual and real worlds lead to deep changes in human being.


The protein MucR from Brucella spp. is involved in the expression regulation of genes necessary for host interaction and infection. MucR is a member of the Ros/MucR family, which comprises prokaryotic zinc‐finger proteins and includes Ros from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the Ml proteins from Mesorhizobium loti. MucR from Brucella spp. can regulate the expression of virulence genes and repress its own gene expression. Despite the well‐known role played by MucR in the repression of its own gene, no target sequence has yet been identified in the mucR promoter gene. In this study, we provide the first evidence that MucR from Brucella abortus binds more than one target site in the promoter region of its own gene, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which this protein represses its own expression. Furthermore, a circular dichroism analysis reveals that MucR is a heat‐stable protein. Overall, the results of this study suggest that MucR might resemble a H‐NS protein.


Optical microscopy has been used to illustrate various types of discontinuities, or flaws found within acrylic polymer fibers and to determine the distribution of such internal flaws along the length of the fiber. Flaws are comprised of particulate inclusions and voids. The internal flaw distributions approximate a Poisson type for point flaws, but significant variation is found in mean flaw concentrations from 0.03 to 2.3 flaws/mm. Both flaw concentration and flaw-free length distributions have been used to predict, for random selection of test lengths, the probability of avoiding a flaw with respect to gauge length (P versus Lg plots).


Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is an extremely attractive subset of computational models due to their remarkable ability to provide promising results for a wide variety of problems. However, the performance delivered by DNNs often overshadows the work done before training the network, which includes Network Architecture Search (NAS) and its suitability concerning the task. This paper presents a modified Genetic-NAS framework designed to prevent network stagnation and reduce training loss. The network hyperparameters are initialized in a "Chaos on Edge" region, preventing premature convergence through reverse biases. The Genetic-NAS and parameter space exploration process is co-evolved by applying genetic operators and subjugating them to layer-wise competition. The inherent parallelism offered by both the neural network and its genetic extension is exploited by deploying the model on a GPU which improves the throughput. the GPU device provides an acceleration of 8.4x with 92.9% of the workload placed on the GPU device for the text-based datasets. On average, the task of classifying an image-based dataset takes 3 GPU hours.


In this paper, the Multi Expression Programming (MEP) technique is used for solving even-parity problems. Numerical experiments show that MEP outperforms Genetic Programming (GP) with more than one order of magnitude for the considered test cases.


Is it possible to find another phenomenon in the field of spiritual culture of mankind, both mythology and judgment? Someone connects it with religion, someone sees it as a confrontation with religion, someone mixes it with a folk legend, a fairy tale, someone considers it separately from them. Some consider mythology a rational burden or an alternative in the spiritual wealth of the people, while others view it as a deep progressive factor of culture. What is mythology really? It has to do with religion and folklore, what place it occupies in the history of human thought.


In the medium of 0 24-0 40 mol/L H 2SO 4 and in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, Tin(Ⅳ) forms a micellar mixed ligand complex with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (H 2QS) and 4,5-dibromophenylfluorone(DBPF). The composition of complex is determined to be Sn(Ⅳ):H 2QS:DBPF=1:1:2 The maximum absorption of the complex is at 540nm and the apparent molar absorptivity of the complex is 1 42×10 5L·mol -1 ·cm -1 . Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0-10μg Sn(Ⅳ) per 25mL. The sensitivity and selectivity of this method is higher than that of in the absence of H 2QS. The proposed method has been applied to determine Sn in aluminum alloy and mixture of organo-tin compound with satisfactory results.


An in vitro method for quantitative measurement of fullerene partition coefficients (Klipw) between water and solid supported lipid membranes was developed in this chapter. Klipw values of fullerene were determined for membranes comprised of three different unsaturated lipids over a range of temperatures. The log Klipw (L/kg) values for fullerene, which range from 3.1 to 5.3, were generally consistent with lipid-water association parameters and bioconcentration factors of fullerene reported in previous studies. Partition coefficients were found to increase with increasing temperature, increasing acyl chain length of the unsaturated lipids. The results indicate that lipid composition is a critical factor for bioconcentration of fullerene.


This paper explores the problem of page migration in ring networks. A ring network is a connected graph, in which each node is connected with exactly two other nodes. In this problem, one of the nodes in a given network holds a page of size D. This node is called the server and the page is a non-duplicable data in the network. Requests are issued by nodes to access the page one after another. Every time a new request is issued, the server must serve the request and may migrate to another node before the next request arrives. A service costs the distance between the server and the requesting node, and the migration costs the distance of the migration multiplied by D. The problem is to minimize the total costs of services and migrations. We study this problem in uniform model, for which the page has a unit size, i.e. D=1. A 3.326-competitive algorithm improving the current best upper bound is designed. We show that this ratio is tight for our algorithm.


Abstract This paper critically discusses an investigation into approaches to teaching and learning strategies with first-year undergraduate students studying dance in a Higher Education context. The authors investigate a pedagogical practice of using a flipchart to embed reflection as a shared activity as an integral part of studio practice. This study demonstrates how using a flipchart was effective in modelling a mode of capturing reflection and facilitating the generation of collaborative feedback as powerful tools to inspire and support learning strategies in a release-based Contemporary dance technique context. It charts the emergent nature of the study from a reconsideration of feedback to the building of a shared process of inquiry-oriented learning through dialogue.


Abstract : This report describes a new column design for investigating contaminant leaching from sediments and dredged material. Improved sampling and sample preservation procedures are also described. A review of the literature on column leaching studies is also provided. Three types of columns were reviewed: (a) soil columns, (b) solid waste columns, and (c) sediment and dredged material columns. The review focused on column design and operating parameters, not data interpretation. The literature review showed that the soil column literature is much more extensive than the column literature for either solid wastes or sediments and dredged material. A wide variety of column designs have been used, but nearly all involve a vertical column with a small diameter-to-length ratio, and percolation of water either upward or downward. Improved sample collection and preservation are incorporated into the column design. However, separate columns for investigating metals and organics are required. for metals, an adaptation of the apparatus commonly used to study the chemistry of soil and sediment suspension under controlled redox potential and pH conditions is attached to the column outlet tube.


Relaxation spectra have been used in both the presentation and interpretation of measurements of the mechanical properties of rubberlike polymers.


PROPOSAL BY ROBERT SOWTER FOR AN AIRLINE CONSORTIUM (E.G., AIR EEC) WITH MEMBERSHIP COMPARABLE TO FLAG AIRLINES AND ROUTE LICENSING BASED ON SHAREHOLDING STRUCTURE


This study aims to determine the development and empowerment, obstacles in empowerment, the role of government in empowerment. This study used a descriptive qualitative research design using survey methods, field observations, interviews and triangulation. The subjects of the study were the fishermen of Tempursari Subdistrict, Lumajang Regency with 70 fishermen. The results showed that: (1) the process of community development and empowerment included (a) increased skills and independence of the fishing community, (b) there were social, economic, and educational impacts, (2) inhibiting factors including the character or nature and thinking of the community different, constrained human resource readiness, community understanding is still low. (3) the role of government that is with the participation and involvement in community empowerment. (4) Strategies in developing the coastal zone, namely the community economy.


The application of computer games in the field of learning has gained increasing interest lately. Research in this area has been enforced and more, and more computer games have appeared on the market. However, only a few of these educational games can convince and fulfill the high expectations. A major reason for this is that it is not easy to integrate game play with learning elements without interfering both in a negative way. This chapter introduces an approach to use best-practice experiences in terms of Design Patterns to support the development of high-quality and successful educational games. These Game-based Learning Design Patterns draw from previous work on Game Design Patterns and Pedagogical Patterns. The chapter provides background on the Design Pattern approach and explains the structure of the new pattern type based on selected examples. It also illustrates that existing patterns, e.g., from Game Design, may provide first evidence, while the identification of Game-based Learning Design Patterns is not straightforward.


DSP-RAM is a moderately-parallel, single-chip SIMD (single instruction stream, multiple data stream) architecture that has been proposed as a suitable hardware platform for accelerating signal processing applications. Our goal is to evaluate the potential of DSP-RAM as a coprocessor for important low-level graphical operations such as convolution filtering and thresholding. Insights gained during the initial implementation prompted a minor improvement to the original design. The benchmark operations were microcoded for DSP-RAM and then simulated on an architectural simulator written in C++. The simulation results were compared to the measured execution times for the corresponding Intel integrated performance primitives functions running on a conventional 1 GHz Pentium III personal computer A modest 25 MHz DSP-RAM coprocessor was found to give equivalent or superior performance for mid to large-sized image frames.


This study examines the personality dynamics of the character, Lucas, in the novel Miracle on 5th Avenue by Sarah Morgan. The purpose of this study are: 1) Describing the character, Lucas, who experienced personality dynamics. 2) Describing the causal factors, the impact on the character and the completion of the personality dynamics of the character Lucas based on the psychoanalysis theory of  Sigmund Freud.  The presentation methodin this research is  qualitative descriptive method, namely data analysis in the form of descriptive literature. The results of the study are described as follows: (1) Lucas is a criminal book writer whose life is suffering from being abandoned by loved ones and work pressures. (2) As a result of the causes of the conditions of his life, the personality dynamics of the character Lucas occur, starting from anxiety, life instincts (eros), and death instincts (thanatos). Anxiety comes when the anxiety and despair that are felt due to being abandoned by his beloved wife give rise to  death instincts in the character Lucas to end his life. However, the presence of Eva, the character who is able to change Lucas's life, dominated his life instincts by the id system in the form of his desire or libido towards Eva and also his efforts to survive for a better life. Keywords: Personality Dynamics, Figure, Psychoanalysis


Conventional prestack depth imaging methods aim at producing a structural image, which delineates the interfaces of the geological variations or the reflectivity of the earth. With the help of broadband acquisition and processing techniques, the bandwidth gap between depth imaging and seismic inversion is reducing. Here, we propose a theory to show how impedance and velocity perturbations can be estimated from the angle domain common image gathers produced by a true amplitude reverse time migration. The near angle stacked image provides the impedance perturbation estimate, while the far angle images can be used to estimate the velocity perturbation. Together with the ghost compensation technique, the method described here can be a useful tool of seismic inversion for marine exploration. Both synthetic and real data examples have demonstrated that the method is reliable and provides additional information for interpreting geological structures and rock properties.


The major effort during the years in which pavement management emerged as an accepted practice was making refinements to the technical models and techniques in the systems. For example, simple straight line pavement deterioration models gave way to polynomial regression equations and Markov probabilities. Optimization techniques were refined, ranging from simple ranking procedures to more sophisticated benefit/ cost analysis. Most recently, efforts have been underway to automate the data collection requirements which feed the systems.


In a grid connected renewable energy systems, where multiple DC power sources supply current to the grid, controlling the injected current is an important issue. When considering renewable energy resources, such as photovoltaic (PV), multi-level converters are needed to convert the DC power to AC power suitable for the grid with less harmonic distortion. Since different sources may have different power delivery levels model predictive control (MPC) is proposed to control the neutral-point clamp (NPC) inverter to regulate the injected power to the grid. Further, since there are numerous power electronics converters topologies used to solve this problem the power block geometry (PBG) is proposed to facilitate the analysis of multi-level converters and the design of MPC controller. This paper presents a model-predictive control-based on power block geometry method, single-phase and three-phase NPC inverters based MPC are simulated in MATLAB, to control the injected current into the grid. The power block geometry speeds up both analysis of the four-level NPC inverter and the MPC design since it is based on geometrical representation with specific rules that establishes a formation law.


An approach of using conjugate gradient and classic steepest descent search direction onto quasi-Newton search direction had been proposed in this paper and we called it as 'scaled CGSD-QN' search direction. A new coefficient formula had been successfully constructed for being used in the 'scaled CGSD-QN' search direction and proven here that the coefficient formula is globally converge to the minimizer. The Hessian update formula that has been used in the quasi-Newton algorithm is DFP update formula. This new search direction approach was testes with some some standard unconstrained optimization test problems and proven that this new search direction approach had positively affect quasi-Newton method by using DFP update formula.


Objective: to describe the development of an English and Brazilian Portuguese Holistic Debriefing Tool focused on nursing educator to promote a reflective learning. Method: a methodology study, with three phases: integrative literature review; tool development and review of a panel of nursing experts. The literature review tracked a systematic process. For the tool development were used literature review results, Lederman's Debriefing Process and Zabala's learning framework as theoretical referential to promote a reflective learning in High-Fidelity Simulation. The panel of nursing experts analysed the quality of the tool. Results: literature review evidenced gaps about educator pedagogical preparation and indicated no holistic debriefing tool exists which captures formative and summative aspects of debriefing guidance to assist the educator to debrief. Debriefing tool was purposed with two pages: first page were recommended how conduct debriefing and second page is a questions guidance. The tool evaluation was undertaken for a total of three modifications for congruence and concept reader clarity. Conclusion: it was proposed a holistic debriefing tool focused on nursing educator. This study provides an overall picture of the process to promote a reflexive learning in High-Fidelity Simulation and to contribute to formal nursing educator training to apply best pedagogical practice.


This paper presents a novel pattern classification scheme: classwise non-principal component analysis (CNPCA), which utilizes the distribution characteristics of the samples in each class. The Euclidean distance in the subspace spanned by the eigenvectors associated with smallest eigenvalues in each class, named CNPCA distance, is adopted as the classification criterion. The number of the smallest eigenvalues is selected in such a way that the classification error in a given database is minimized. It is a constant for the database and can be determined by experiment. The CNPCA classification scheme usually outperforms other classification schemes under the situations of high computational complexity (associated with high dimensionality of features and/or calculation of inverse variance matrix) or high classification error rate (e.g., owing to the scattering of between-class being less than that of within-class). The experiments have demonstrated that this method is promising in practical applications


The laryngeal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the rabbit has been found especially suitable for a quantitative examination of the processes of regeneration and maturation of nerve fibers. This nerve trunk contains a convenient number of fibers (about 280) of almost uniform diameter (8-12 p ) and purely motor function (Evans and Murray, '54a). Most of the quantitative studies made previously have been confined to experiments on limb nerves and these have certain disadvantages. Many contain large numbers of fibers and all are characterised by a wide range of sizes of fibers, subserving different functions. Thus from the study of limb nerves it is difficult to predict how various factors may influence regeneration in nerve fibers of different sizes and functions. Much of the experimental work on nerve regeneration performed during recent years has been concerned with the role of the periphery in promoting fiber maturation. It is generally considered that re-establishment of contact with end organs is responsible for two major changes in the regenerating nerve. Firstly it causes the earliest fiber in each sheath which reaches the periphery to increase in diameter. This has been reported in regenerating limb muscle nerves by Sanders and Young


In the present study, the effect of the coefficient of restitution to the particle collection efficiency of magnetic filter during magnetic filtration of a fluid will be examined. Initially, are described the available mathematical models that give efficiency of magnetic filtration in relation to various parameters and physical quantities. Also, the role of coefficient of restitution in the magnetic filtration models will be reported. Furthermore, is formulated the basic equation that examines the change of filtration efficiency with regard to the coefficient of restitution. In the last step, a numerical example with given values from a real magnetic filter will be applied and the characteristic curves of magnetic filter will be drawn. The general conclusion that we have is that as the coefficient of restitution increases, the efficiency of magnetic filter decreases. The efficiency of magnetic filter converges in the same value, when there is elastic collision of a filtered particle.


The women with risk as :
- the diabetic woman,
- the woman with high cardiovascular risk,
- the woman with renal failure,
- the woman with disseminated lupus erythematosus,
- the woman with gynaecologic pathologies,
- the woman with hepatobiliary pathology ;
- The woman that the age is more than 40 years old,
- The woman with sexually transmissible infection,
- The woman in the post-partum and post-abortum period,
- The woman with cephalgia.
must have the use of effective contraception in order to think about the
pregnancies programming. The various contraceptive means that existed actually are detailed as well
as their side effects and their side effects and their limit of prescription. A decisional plan is suggested according the pathology in each patient. We conclude that the problems of effective contraception in the women
with risk, in the age of procreation are not well assimilated by these women
hence the necessity of a narrow and multidisciplinary management in order to
inform the women with risk about the contraception. This information must be
one of the basic points to teach to each woman with risk in the age of
procreation as well as the adaptation and the supervision of this treatment.


Large-scale arrays of highly oriented hexagonal ZnO nanorods and nanotubes were fabricated on arbitrary ZnO-film-coated substrates using a low-temperature chemical-liquid-phase deposition method. The obtained nanoproducts were characterized, and the growth mechanism is proposed.


We report a case of follicular porokeratosis of Mibelli affecting the natal cleft in a 42‐year‐old white man. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the English‐language literature of follicular porokeratosis of Mibelli limited to the genitogluteal area.


Comparatively speaking, the expert system is a much rapid development direction in the computer control field recently. Combine expert system and agriculture together to let computers guide the application and development of agriculture and promote agricultural informationization and high-tech. This paper presents open and flexible citrus planting expert system architecture on the basis of comprehensive analysis software architecture and citrus planting state.


With the development of Internet-based business, Web applications are becoming increasingly complex. The J2EE specification aims at enabling the design of such web application servers. These servers have to ensure scalability and availability of the supported applications. Scalibility can be achieved using replication techniques or partitionning techniques. The aim of this paper is to compare these approaches. In a J2EE web application server, one important component is the EJB tier. In this context, the JOnAS web application server provides an example of EJB replication system called CMI (Cluster Method Invocation). In a first step, this paper presents a performance evaluation of CMI. It then introduces incrementally an alternative scheme based on partitionning and shows the performance benefits compared to CMI.


Abstract:  The existence of adult stem‐like cells such as side population (SP) cells is reported in various kinds of animal tissues, and we recently reported that mice kidney SP cells differentiate into multilineage. However, there has thus far been no report about human kidney SP cells. In the present study, we examined the existence of SP cells in human kidney tissue by using Hoechst 33342 staining and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis. We used porcine kidney tissue to optimize the analysis conditions for human tissue, and found that the SP population in human kidney was 1.3%. The existence of SP cells in human kidney suggests that the cells could be good targets for clinical renal regenerative medicine.


In a comprehensive experimental study, the influence of changes in extra-and intracellular pH on the mechanical and electrical activity of frog heart ventricle preparations has been investigated. The twitch tension and potassium contracture tension were decreased in acid solutions, provided that the concentration of calcium or the frequency of stimulation was low. In solutions with a high calcium concentration, prolonged exposure to acid leads to an increase of the potassium contractures. The electrical activity, measured by intracellular microelectrodes, is abolished in acid solutions if the change of solution in the extracellular space is enforced by perpendicular jet superfusion; with slow perfusion it is well maintained except when [Ca] is high. The lowering of intracellular pH by applying a solution saturated with 80% CO2 while keeping the extracellular pH constant causes a rapid drop in twitch tension followed by partial recovery. The relaxation phase of single twitches is prolonged and potassium contractures are markedly increased after the high CO2 has acted for several minutes. When both intra- and extracellular pH are decreased, both twitches and potassium contractures are markedly decreased. The electrical activity is maintained. Some of the effects of variations in pH are discussed in terms of changes in the processes of mechanical activation and inactivation.


Mr. Cecil Wakeley, the present Editor, responded to the toast. He said that when he first became acquainted with the Medicat Press and Circular he was fortunate enough to come under the influence of Dr. Harry Campbell, who looked on his work with the journal as a hobby, and exemplified the fact that a hobby might be a relaxation from and yet a stimulus to work at one and the same time. The policy of the journal had always been, and would always be, to give the medical practitioner information which was important in everyday practice. The medical profession was really a great body of research, clinical research was the most important of all, and it was through the medical journals that the knowledge gained by research was disseminated throughout the profession. Sir Humphry Rolleston, in proposing the toast of " Medical Journalism," said that editors of medical journals did all they could to instruct the members of the profession, to keep them up to date, and to provide them with the material on which they could form their own opinions. Editors were a modest race and shunned the limelight, but they had great experience and wide knowledge of human nature, as was shown by their dealings with their contributors. He divided medical editors into two classes, the first being the "whole-time Olympians," such as the late Sir Squire Sprigge and the late Sir Dawson Williams, but with these he mentioned the late Charles Louis Taylor, assistant editor of the British Medical Journal for many years under Dawson Williams-a wonderful medical journalist, though he held no medical qualification. But the larger number of medical editors, like Mr. Wakeley himself, were " part-time Olympians," and to them also the profession was indebted.


I HAVE been asked to prepare for our Educational Policy Committee a statement with regard to some recent developments in the teaching of the modern foreign languages in the United States with a view to enabling us to decide whether we should make any recommendations either to the departments concerned or to the General Faculty. Although I have myself always been convinced that the more a teacher knows about his subject the more interestingly he can present it to his students, and that, in consequence, it would be more advantageous for him to study his materials and his students as such than to spend much of his time investigating the methods employed by others, I willingly agreed to undertake the assignment, for several reasons. In the first place, I belong to what is, I fear, now looked upon by many as the old-fashioned school of those who firmly believe that a knowledge of a foreign language, and preferably of several foreign languages, should be a part of the intellectual baggage of every person who considers himself educated, irrespective of the manner in which that person earns or tries to earn his livelihood. Among those who agree with me are the members of the Committee on the Re-Statement of the Nature and Aims of Liberal Education, whose report, printed in full in the June, 1943, issue of the A.A.U.P. Bulletin, includes (p. 419) the ability "to use at least one other language with facility" among the skills "which liberal education helps men and women to develop." Similarly, Prof. Mark Van Doren, in his recently published Liberal Education, declares (pp. 131-132) that "at least one other language--Greek is still the best one for the purpose, and indeed for any purpose-should be equally known." In the second place, I know, somewhat to my chagrin, that some members of this committee do not share the conviction I have just expressed. And, in the third place and most important of all, whatever may be our individual persuasions on the subject, the war through which we are passing may have such far-reaching effects on all the major manifestations of our national life, including, notably, our educational system, that it seems wise for us all to be taking stock as to the success or failure of the teaching in our respective fields and to try to understand each other better than we have been doing in recent years. I might add, parenthetically, that, in my opinion, it is high time we stopped hurling epithets at one another and worked together towards the general improve-


Although the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been proven to be a powerful tool, it still has limitations. FEM is computationally heavy and can be at times unstable especially when solving highly nonlinear coupled problems. Thus it is very challenging and time consuming to run parametric studies. Consequently, a novel smart and parallelizable algorithm (SPA) was developed. This algorithm can detect failed simulations and take countermeasures as well as perform parallel computations. To test the algorithm, SPA was coupled to COMSOL Multiphysics and was able to successfully solve 20,520 simulations in seven weeks without crashing. If solved linearly, around six months would have been required. COMSOL Multiphysics has proven to be a powerful since it is able to accurately model phenomena using different physics. Coupling SPA with COMSOL opens up new possibilities enabling smart and parallelizable FEM simulations for fast prototyping.


PURPOSE: To automatically supply just the determined quantity of feed in a storage chamber by calling a pet animal by automatically reproducing the voice of the keeper at the reserved time set in advance. CONSTITUTION: This device is composed of a storage chamber 24 for feed, main body part 1 provided with a feed supplying mechanism for supplying feed from this storage chamber 24, microcomputer 2 for totally controlling the feed supplying mechanism according to an operating program, function selection keyboard 3 for a user to input a function setting signal or the reserved time to this microcomputer, audio signal generating part 4 for generating an audio signal under the operation control of microcomputer, and display part 9 for displaying the operation of system, current time or reserved time under the operation control of microcomputer.


Through the overview of Sichuan opera culture,it analyzed the relationship between Sichuan opera culture and design.Moreover as inspiration,it drew the essence from the Sichuan Opera like "face changing" and clothing features,then designed a souvenir-"face changing cup".On this basis,it posted a view of combine traditional culture and modern design,let design do better services for the nation,which is not only conducive to the development of China′s tourism industry,but also conducive to the inheritance and promotion of Chinese traditional culture.


Combination of time series forecasts or time series models is often considered nowadays in various research papers and is usually a good technique in practice. Still it has got weak theoretical explanation and there's a lot of work that is going to be done in this field. In the research optimal combination of forecasters in terms of minimal variance is investigated. These results don't depend on nature of combined models but in the practical part ArDL models describing connections between pairs of time series are considered. Weighted sum of models' predictions is used as a new prediction with variance that should be less than individual models' predictions variance. Optimal weights for combination of two models are calculated theoretically. They are based on correlation of combined models and their forecasts' variance. Optimal model combination variance (variance of the combined models with optimal weights) has been investigated and it has been shown that it doesn't exceed variances of the combined models. Practical experiments and conditions under which combined time series model is expected to improve forecasts of original ones are in scope of this research. Forecasts of two ArDL models are combined in order to construct forecast with lower variety. This approach can be used in case of more models but theoretical expression of optimal weights is going to be a part of further research. Russian macroeconomical time series statistics and economic data of the USA are used as experimental time series. Combined models have got predictions close to the forecasts of the best models and better than the worst models used in combinations. It's shown that optimal combination should make predictions of high quality if combined predictors describe different aspects of investigated time series and correlation of their forecasts isn't very high. Otherwise, it turns into mean forecast of two models.


A computational implementation of modal analysis of continuous systems is presented. Modal analysis of truss, beam and shaft structures is developed in Matlab®. A numerical and an analytical method are developed for the computation of mode shapes, natural frequencies and modal equations of continuous structures using the method of separation of variables. Time domain techniques are programmed in modular functions for structural analysis. The functions constitute a set of tools of the Structural Analysis Toolbox (SAT-Lab), developed recently for teaching modelling, analysis and design of structures and mechanical systems. Application examples of the computational tools are presented.


Objective: In this open label Phase IIIb study, the safety and efficacy of Etanercept in Indian patients with Rheumatoid arthritis was assessed in 4 centres across the country.
Patients and Methods: Forty patients who fulfilled the ACR criteria of RA and had active disease despite at least one disease modifying anti rheumatic drug(DMARD) therapy were administered Etanercept (Wyeth) 25 mg subcutaneously twice a week for a 16 week period. The primary outcome measures were proportion of patients achieving ACR 20 response at 16 weeks. Secondary outcome measures were proportion of patients achieving ACR 50 and 70 response, improvement of morning stiffness, tender and swollen joint score at 4, 8,12 and 16 weeks. Quality of life assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire and Shore-Form Health Survey. Intent to treat analysis was done and adverse events were noted.
Results: Seventy percent achieved ACR 20 response at the end of 16 weeks. This was statistically significant as compares to baseline and improvement at 4 and 8 weeks of 25% and 57.5% respectively. The proportion of patients achieving 50% and 70% improvement were 42.5% and 17.5% at 16 weeks respectively. The HAQ decreased from 1.89± at baseline to 1.00(±0.673) at week 16. The Short Form-36 Health Survey assessment found that the mean scores of all aspects of this measure of patient physical and mental functioning improved from baseline. The domains most affected by Etanerept treatment were role function as limited by physical problems (mean change from baseline at week 16, 46.9±46.75) and role function as limited by emotional problems (mean change from baseline at week 16, 475±51.69).
Conclusion: The data from this study population have shown Etanercept to be efficacious and well tolerated drug in Indian patients with RA.


With the development of technology, intelligent algorithms are more and more widely used in the fields of computer and automation. It is very valuable for the study of college students' learning motivation, so this paper intends to use intelligent algorithm to design and analyze its model. Its purpose is to improve students' learning efficiency and enhance students' interest in learning. This paper mainly uses the experimental method to analyze the motivation factors of college students' learning in the model, and uses the survey method and the comparison method to analyze its basic setting value. The experimental data show that the students' overall SRL adjustment level is 1-3, which also means that the students' self-regulation is consistent with the designed self-regulation process.


In this article an attempt was made to follow and discover the particularities of a concert genre for the Concert for Clarinet and Orchestra of composers of the XVIII century and how they were developed and established. As a case study and as the first early classical sample of this genre the Concert for Clarinet and Orchestra of J. Stamitz was chosen. This concert can be seen as an example the composer of the Mannheim chapel contributed to the development of a form of concert cycle (a triadic -movement with tempo comparison of parts, fast-slow-quickly, the statement of a double exposition), composition of the orchestra and instrumentation which are based on Stamitz's experience as a conductor. In the analysis special aspects of the clarinet playing the leading part were considered, which express both technical & distinctive possibilities, and different ways of interaction between soloist and orchestra giving an impulse for a further development of the clarinet genre concert in the works of the musicians.


Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Motherhood and the Invention of Race 2. The Racialized State 3. A Structural Concept of Race 4. The Political Culture of Whiteness 5. The Boundaries of the United States and Immigration 6. The Dual-State Character of the United States 7. The Structures of Racialization Notes References Index


Poloxamines are block copolymers formed by the polycondensation of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide on ethylenediamine. The amphiphilic nature of these compounds has led to their use as detergents, dispersants and emulsifying agents. The poloxamines are structurally similar to the polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymers which have been shown to undergo thermally reversible gelation. In view of this we have examined the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of a poloxamine, Synperonic T908* of high molecular weight (nominally 2.5 x l o 4 ) , in an assessment of its potential for use in the preparation of controlled release systems. Total intensity light scattering measurements showed evidence of limited association, the weight average aggregation number increasing with temperature over the range 30-50" (see Table 1). Association commenced at a clearly defined critical


Physical servo systems are affected by disturbances, uncertainties, and resource restrictions. In this paper, an event-triggered active disturbance rejection control approach is proposed to achieve position tracking of dc torque motors. An event-based sampler together with an extended state observer is introduced, which allows the joint observation of the system state, and the total disturbance induced by model uncertainty and intermittent sampling. Based on the observation results, closed-loop control is achieved with guaranteed stable tracking performance. To quantify the effect of event-based sampling, a quantitative relationship between the asymptotic upper bound of tracking error and the parameters in the event-based sampler is developed. The control strategy is applied to a dc torque motor system, and comparative experimental results indicate that for different reference signals, the proposed event-based control strategy can achieve satisfactory tracking performance with reduced sampling cost.


In recent years many emerging
 viruses threatening human health were discovered and found to have their major
 host reservoir in bats. Rabies, Ebola, Henipah
 and Coronaviruses are the most prominent under these zoonotic pathogens,
 where especially the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
 coronavirus in 2002 and the recent appearance of Middle East respiratory
 syndrome (MERS) coronavirus had gained global awareness. Great effort has
 been invested to uncover the course of events of their introduction to the
 human population. Coronaviruses may be exemplary for many zoonotic RNA
 viruses, so that the study of their genesis expected to provide insights into
 basic questions about viral zoonosis. For coronaviruses the recognition of a
 specific receptor by the viral glycoprotein appears to be a major constrain
 of interspecies transmission. Therefore, it is important to address the
 question whether a large shift in receptor specificity was necessary for
 their transmission to humans. The closest related relative to SARS
 coronavirus was identified in bats of the genus Rhinolophus in South-East of China, but
 until today no coronavirus was isolated from bats. What is known is that
 these viruses are not able to utilise the same receptor as the human SARS
 coronavirus, the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The aim of our studies was to
 identify the receptor of these bat SARS-like coronaviruses, which would help
 to estimate the likelihood of their transmission to humans. We therefore used
 three different glycoproteins of bat SARS-like coronaviruses isolated from Rhinolophus bats in China,
 Bulgaria and Spain and tried to identify their cellular receptors analysing
 cell lines of 14 different bat species, in binding as well as infection
 assays. Unfortunately neither binding nor infection could be observed for the
 spike proteins tested. We also tested known coronavirus receptors like human
 ACE2, aminopeptidase N
 (APN) and dipeptidylpeptidase
 4 (DPP4) and successfully cloned Rhinolophus
 ACE2 and DPP4. None of these proteins facilitated binding or infection in
 transient expression. This indicates that bat SARS-like coronaviruses utilise
 a novel coronavirus receptor.
 In
 contrast, we could show that SARS coronavirus can utilise ACE2 of two Rhinolophus species
 living in Europe, indicating that a proposed switch in receptor specificity
 may not be obligatory for the precursor of SARS-CoV to cross the species barrier. It may further suggests that bats are reservoir to at least two different
 lineages of coronaviruses, which differ in their receptor usage.


Results of morphobiological analysis of productivity and adaptivity of corn collections samples of ARRI named by N.I. Vavilov to the concrete ecological Conditions. More than 60 samples ( varieties, hybrids, self-pollinating lines) concerning to the different Subspecies are casted.


BACKGROUND
The pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis remains unclear. This investigation aimed to evaluate the relative importance of acinar or ductal lesions or of ductal subobstruction in the development of chronic pancreatitis in cats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ethanol was injected either interstitially in the parenchyma or in the main pancreatic duct, whereas in other animals the main duct was partially obstructed to 70% of its original diameter or totally obstructed.

RESULTS
Total obstruction led to well known chronic obstructive pancreatitis and atrophy. Chronic progressive fibrosing pancreatitis developed only when the ductal epithelium was injured by intraductal injection of ethanol. It differed from the obstructive lesions, as demonstrated by biopsies taken over a one year period. Temporary, acute, or chronic-like lesions developed after intraparenchymal injection or in sub obstruction. Minor lesions were obtained in cats fed alcohol or submitted to ethanol feeding combined with partial duct obstruction. None of the laboratory tests used were very useful to detect mild chronic damage at an early stage but fecal fat and the plasma pancreolauryl test seemed the most sensitive.

CONCLUSION
Damage of the ductal epithelium represents the most important pathogenetic factor to induce chronic pancreatitis. Further refinements, and investigations with more pathophysiologic agents are necessary to ultimately lead to a reproducible model resembling the human disease.


'Heat' diarrhea in foals is an onerous but not life-threatening ailment, which indicates that it may be of osmotic origin. This was confirmed by a successful attempt, presented in this paper, to alleviate the severity and duration of foal heat diarrhea with the use of a typical absorbent, kaolin clay, as a feed additive, usually applied in feed production as an anticaking agent. Based on the present results, it can be concluded that treatment of foals maintained on different stud farms with a kaolin paste reduced the duration of heat diarrhea and alleviated its severity (P < 0.05 and P = 0.001). The observed action of kaolin clay, an excellent absorbent, suggests that the so-called heat diarrhea can be caused by disturbances in the intestinal osmotic balance at this specific age of foals. The use of this preparation can reduce the risk of secondary pathological viral or bacterial diarrhea and the requirement for veterinary intervention in foal management. It can also shorten the care period and increase foal well-being, essential for the normal development of a young horse. In addition, prophylactic application of an antidiarrheal preparation based on an industrial by-product, i.e. a cheap component, will reduce the costs of foal care.


Researches on structural isolation and mitigation under multi-dimensional earthquake excitations are overviewed in terms of the analysis methods, devices and developing trend. The analysis methods for dynamic responses of building structures, long-span reticulated structures and bridges under multi-dimensional earthquake excitations, are systemically introduced. Several types of multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation devices are presented, and experimental results of a new type of device are discussed, it shows that the new device has good ability of multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation. Finally, suggestions for further study in this area are presented.


Permutation arrays have found applications in powerline communication. One construction method for permutation arrays is to map good codes to permutations using a distance-preserving mappings (DPM). DPMs are mappings from the set of all q-ary vectors of a fixed length to the set of permutations of some fixed length (the same or longer) such that every two distinct vectors are mapped to permutations with the same or larger Hamming distance than that of the vectors. A DPM is called distance increasing (DIM) if the distances are strictly increased (except when the two vectors are equal). In this correspondence, we propose constructions of DPMs and DIMs from ternary vectors. The constructed DPMs and DIMs improve many lower bounds on the maximal size of permutation arrays.


The invention discloses a photosensitive diode-based turbidity measuring circuit. Square signals are generated by a 555 timer, and are used for controlling the working state of a light-emitting diode, the light-emitting diode and a photosensitive diode convert the turbidity of liquid into a photoelectric signal to be measured, an operational amplifier converts a weak current signal into a voltagesignal and amplifies the voltage signal, and a voltage signal capable of undergoing analog/digital (A/D) conversion is generated through phase compensation and filtration in the converting process. Asquare signal generating circuit with the duty cycle of 1:2 generated by the 555 timer controls the on/off of a triode so as to modulate a light source; therefore, the interference of natural light can be avoided.


This study is about lexical and grammatical errors in students' speech production of speaking performance. The aims of the study are to find out the kinds of errors in the speaking performance and the error which is most frequently occurred. The participants were 36 high school students in the level of beginner. In lexical errors, the classifications are divided into two kinds, they are: 1) Lexical errors constitute collocations, idioms, content and functional words and errors of derivational morphology; and 2) Lexical errors constitute unintentional use of L1 lexemes. The Grammatical Errors are divided into two classifications of Syntactic Errors and Morphological Errors. Based on the oral distributions, the most frequent error occurred is morphological error regarding the omitted and misused 'be'.


Our discovery of "calcium paradox" phenomenon due to interaction of Ca2+/cAMP intracellular signalling pathways (Ca2+/ cAMP interaction) may provide new insights for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as depression. This disorder is mainly resulting by reduction of serotonin and catecholamine release in central nervous system. Since 1975, several clinical studies have reported that administration of L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) produces reduction in vascular resistance and arterial pressure in hypertensive patients, associated with an increase in plasma noradrenaline levels and tachycardia characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity. During almost four decades, these enigmatic phenomena remained unclear. In 2013, we discovered that this paradoxical sympathetic hyperactivity produced by CCBs is mediated by Ca2+/cAMP interaction. Then, the pharmacological manipulation of this interaction could be a more efficient therapeutic strategy for increasing serotoninergic and monoaminergic neurotransmission in depression.


(2007a, EPS) showed that high frequency seismic signal durations and displacement amplitudes measured from tele-seismic P waves were longer and smaller for tsunami earthquakes, respectively, than those of non-tsunami earthquakes, while some non-tsunami earthquakes had similar characteristics. Hara (2017, JpGU) showed that tsunami earthquakes were characterized by longer high frequency seismic signal durations and smaller velocity and acceleration amplitudes more clearly than displacement amplitudes. In this study, we compared ratios of displacement, velocity, and acceleration amplitudes to high frequency seismic signal durations to seismic energy to moment ratios, which are used as a discriminant for tsunami earthquakes (e.g., Newman and Okal, 1998, JGR; Ebeling and Okal, 2012, GJI). The events used in this study are large (M w is greater than or equal to 7.2) shallow earthquakes that occurred in between 1994 and 2016. High frequency seismic signal durations, displacement, velocity, and acceleration amplitudes were measured from waveform data recorded at the GSN stations in the epicentral distance range between 30 and 85 degrees. High frequency seismic signal durations were measured following the procedure of Hara (2007b, EPS). Distance corrections for amplitude data were carried out by multiplying epicentral distances. The estimates of radiated seismic energies are taken from IRIS DMC (2013, Data Services Products: EQEnergy Earthquake energy & rupture duration, https://doi.org/10.17611/DP/EQE.1) and the M w estimates are taken from the Global CMT catalog (http://www.globalcmt.org/). The ratios of acceleration amplitudes to high frequency seismic signal durations correlate better with seismic energy to moment ratios than those of displacement and velocity amplitudes. This suggests that the former is helpful to distinguish tsunami earthquakes from non-tsunami earthquakes.


The creation of a list of intangible cultural elements to preserve (ICH, UNESCO) should be understood as a kind of reaction to the vast World Heritage List (WHC, UNESCO), highly politicized "wonders of the world" directory. For many reasons, related to the preservation of ancient monuments, the Western-centric definition of the terms "cultural" or "heritage" or because we find many European countries actively involved in United Nations programs, Europe is over-represented in the World Heritage list.


This paper aims to review china's OTC market development,on the present situation of china's market,understand the market development and the status quo American,Taiwan and other regions,will Chinese instead of two in the aspect of market structure,regulation,transactions are studied,in order to see the development of china's OTC market principal contradiction and future prospects,hope to be able to the historical experience and lessons of developed countries and areas that remain in the construction of capital market,for our country to seek own market system bring some help and suggestions.


Hyperspectral anomaly detection, which is aimed at locating anomaly, has received widespread attention. In this article, a new anomaly detector, named local spatial constraint and total variation (LSC-TV), is proposed for hyperspectral imagery. In anomaly detection methods based on low-rank representation, background pixels are usually considered to have a global low-dimensional structure. However, the complex background distribution in hyperspectral images (HSIs) means that this global low-dimensional structure rarely occurs. In LSC-TV, the effective local spatial information is extracted by superpixel segmentation, and the regularization based on the F-norm is used to force the background within the same superpixel to show uniform spectral features. Moreover, each pixel is given a penalty based on the degree of anomaly determined during model iteration, while the anomaly is not considered by the background constraint. In addition, the background pixels in the neighborhood often show a high correlation, whereas the anomaly does not possess this feature. Nonisotropic TV is introduced into the proposed LSC model using the correlation of first-order neighborhoods to make it easier for anomalies to be separated. The proposed LSC-TV method and current state-of-the-art methods are tested on a set of simulated data and four sets of real data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the comparative method in terms of both color map detection and quantitative evaluation.


Current meter measurements recorded over the water column at 10 depths ranging from 20 m to 3027 m using surface and subsurface moorings near 0 ø, 110øW are analyzed for the M 2 tidal current over a 10-month sampling interval. A kinematical description is given by month and depth, followed by a decomposition into a barotropic mode and three baroclinic modes. The barotropic tide was dominant, and its hodograph was stable over the 10 months sampled. The baroclinic tide was random, isotropic, and without mode preference.


We demonstrate electro-optic modulation in hybrid organic-crystal/silicon photonic waveguides. The organic material is the newly developed organic crystal OH1 with very high electro-optic figures of merit, n3r = 530 pm/V at 1319 nm, and the processing possibilities considerably improved compared to previous high-nonlinearity organic crystals. We have developed an epitaxial-like solution growth of OH1 on various substrates and fabricated electro-optic modulators with electro-optic functionality either directly in OH1 wire waveguides or in OH1 active cladding of silicon wire waveguides. OH1-based waveguides offer a great potential for high-bandwidth, sub-1-V half-wave voltage, hybrid organic/silicon electro-optic modulators with high electro-optic activity and stability.


The problem of secondary brain ischemia at nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhages is the most actual one among practical neurologists. The most available noninvasive methods are multislice computer tomography and transcranial Dopplerography. The results of the use of these methods for early diagnostics of the secondary brain ischemia have been given. Noninvasive methods allow to prevent the severity of the disease course and to improve the prognosis of secondary brain ischemia.


Because of their multivariate nature, several hydrological phenomena can be described by more than one correlated characteristic. These characteristics are generally not independent and should be jointly considered. Consequently, univariate regional frequency analysis (FA) cannot provide complete assessment of true probabilities of occurrence. The objective of the present paper is to propose a procedure for regional flood FA in a multivariate framework. In the present paper, the focus is on the estimation step of regional FA. The proposed procedure represents a multivariate version of the index flood model and is based on copulas and a multivariate quantile version with a focus on the bivariate case. The model offers increased flexibility to designers by leading to several scenarios associated with the same risk. The univariate quantiles represent special cases corresponding to the extreme scenarios. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the model in a bivariate framework. Simulation results show that bivariate FA provides the univariate quantiles with equivalent accuracy. Similarity is observed between results of the bivariate model and those of the univariate one in terms of the behavior of the corresponding performance criteria. The procedure performs better when the regional homogeneity is high. Furthermore, the impacts of small variations in the record length at gauged sites and the region size on the performance of the proposed procedure are not significant.


This study originated in the author's concern, first aroused over three decades ago during his college years, as to the consequences of the atomic arms race for the fate of mankind. Among his previous works in the area of peace history is a valuable monograph on the American peace movement from the 1930s to the 1980s (Rebels against War: The American Peace Movement, 1933-1983, 1984). The present book, however, is much wider in scope, since Wittner's goal is now, in a series of volumes, to give a concise account of the development of the world nuclear disarmament movement-from the launching by the United States of the first atomic bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II to the present-and, in addition, to investigate the reasons why this movement, in its various phases, proved unsuccessful in freeing the world from the danger of nuclear annihilation. Some readers, he notes, may think it "an odd time to examine the struggle against the Bomb" (p. ix). Yet, as he points out correctly, such a study is not of purely historical interest but retains its contemporary relevance. For, "although the nuclear menace has been contained in important ways, it remains alive and well" (p. xi). The question still faces humanity: one world or none? Because of the leading role played by the United States in world politics after 1945, the activities of the American antinuclear movement and the nuclear policies of successive U.S. administrations figure prominently in the story unfolded by Wittner. But he has endeavored also to provide adequate coverage of the nuclear disarmament movements emerging in other parts of the world. He admits indeed that this proved a more difficult task for "one person, with limited language skills and little funding," than he had first envisaged (p. xii). His narrative shows that he has been successful nevertheless in overcoming at least the major obstacles to producing a global history of the movement against nuclear weapons as far as 1953, at which date the present volume ends. His twenty-five page bibliography, as well as the


Background: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a live attenuated vaccine, is safe and given to all neonates in endemic countries; however may rarely cause disseminated disease, especially in immuno-deficient individuals. Case characteristics: A 6 month old male infant, presented with vomiting, loose motions and failure to thrive. He was found to have features of severe acute malnutrition and abscess at BCG site. On investigations had features of disseminated tuberculosis in lung and skin and severe combined immunodeficiency. Message: Infants with disseminated tuberculosis should be screened for underlying immunodeficiencies.


The experience of Commonwealth states which have written guarantees of civil liberties in their constitutions would throw much light on the debate that is currently taking place in the older Commonwealth countries. As the introduction of a Bill of Rights in Australia has sparked off a keen debate in that country, the Australian debate forms the basis of the discussion.


Abstract : Purpose: The study had three aims: 1) Determine the feasibility of quantifying sweat calcium loss during desert physical training, 2) Examine the significance of calcium loss on bone health, and 3) Describe the impact of self-reported exercise and dietary habits on bone health. Design: This was a prospective, descriptive, longitudinal study.Methods: Sweat collection via patch method occurred during scheduled desert training. Biomarkers of bone turnover, anthropometric measures, and reports of activity and diet via questionnaires, were obtained pre-deployment and within 60 days of return. Sample: 156 soldiers participated; 52 completed the sweat collection, and 104 deployed for an average of 12 months. Soldiers represented two types of units, combat support and combat arms. Analysis: Tests of change and bivariate correlations were performed to analyze descriptive data; t-tests for independent and paired samples were used where appropriate. Findings: A decrease in body weight, BMI, body fat, and waist circumference occurred in both types of units. Physical activity levels declined in each group; two sports activities of moderate intensity and frequency during deployment were significantly correlated with increased heel BMD (r = .47, p = .01) in combat arms Soldiers. Implications for Military Nursing: Brigade nurses and medics are in an influential position to educate soldiers about wellness to include diet, physical activity, and bone health. The deployed environment plays a significant role in the accessibility to resources for a healthy lifestyle and must be evaluated by public health nurses prior to establishing unit wellness goals.


This research aimed to improve the effect of the implementation of PBL model on higher order thinking skill and learning autonomy of the grade five students at SD Gugus VI Abiansemal district, Badung, Bali. The research used a single factor independent groups design. The population of this study was all of the fifth grade students at elementary schools in Gugus VI in the academic year 2017/2018 with the total of 176 students. The sample was obtained by using random sampling technique from 69 students. Based on the statistical test, the higher order thinking skill of science obtained through essay test and data of learning autonomy that were obtained through questionnaire were valid and reliable. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by using MANOVA test at the 5% level of significance. The result of hypothesis testing showed that, first, the higher order thinking skill of the students who learned through the problem based learning model was better than that of the students who learned through the conventional learning model (F = 4.643; ρ<0.05); secondly, the learning autonomy of the students who learned through the problem based learning model was better than that of those who learned through the conventional learning model (F = 13.211; ρ<0.05); thirdly, the higher order thinking skill and learning autonomy of the students who learned through the problem based learning model was better than that of those who learned through the conventional teaching model (F = 7.445; p < 0.05).


This paper incorporates a multi-delivery policy and quality assurance into an imperfect economic production quantity (EPQ) model with scrap and rework. A portion of nonconforming items produced is considered to be scrap, while other is assumed to be repairable and is reworked in each cycle when regular production ends. Finished items can only be delivered to customers if whole lot is quality assured after rework. Fixed quantity multiple installments of finished batch are delivered by request to customers at a fixed interval of time. Expected integrated cost function per unit time is derived. A closed-form optimal batch size solution to the problem is obtained. Two special cases are examined and a numerical example given to demonstrate model's practical usage.


Southern Finland experienced four winters in a row with considerably above-average snow depths in the early 2010s. Particularly in the Greater Helsinki area, the winters 2009/2010–2012/2013 were the snowiest in recent memory. This exceptionally snowy weather caused major problems for railway traffic, for instance. In Finland, the target for long-distance rail passenger traffic is that at least 90% of the trains reach their destinations on schedule. In commuter traffic within the Helsinki area, the target is that at least 97.5% of the trains depart and arrive on time. Within the years 2005–2009 the punctuality of railway traffic was close to the targets, but in 2010 the punctuality plunged. The situation was at its worst in February 2010, when only 60.3% of longdistance trains and 67.7% of commuter trains ran on schedule, according to the statistics of the Finnish Transport Agency. Harsh weather conditions were claimed to be the main cause of delays and cancellations of trains. Over the next winter the punctuality of long-distance traffic was even worse, with only 55.7% of trains reaching their final destination on time in February 2011. Over the following two winters trains ran more precisely due to enhanced winter maintenance of railways, and because weather conditions were not as difficult as those experienced during the winters 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Nevertheless, heavy snowfalls still caused a lot of delays in railway traffic in February 2012 and December 2012. In addition to the problems caused to railway traffic, the snow-rich winters 2009/2010– 2012/2013 hampered road maintenance in Helsinki. The costs for snow removal from streets exceeded the budgeted allowances by several million euros, and snow dump sites were filled to the brim. According to newspaper reports, 210 000 truckloads of snow were transported to snow dump sites in Helsinki during the winter 2009/2010. This quantity increased during the next winter (2010/2011) to over 250 000 truckloads, corresponding to approximately 4 million km3 of snow; hence, there has been much debate on the subject of how snow removal from streets could be enhanced cost-efficiently. Other damage caused by abundant snow within the past few years in Finland includes several incidents of roof collapse at defectively constructed sports halls and horse-riding centres. Within the twenty-first century, winters in Southern Finland are projected to become milder, and climate projections Uusim aa


The composition and properties of cream with fat levels from 30% to 70% were investigated. It has been established that the decrease of fat level and, accordingly, the increase of plasma level in the cream leads to significant changes in the physicochemical parameters of the fat emulsion. Accordingly, the production of low-fat dairy products requires adjustment of the cream properties. It has been shown that using different doses of structure stabilizers: QNA colloid as a consistency stabilizer in the amount of from 1 to 2% and the Dimodan emulsifier U/G – from 0 to 1 % (Danisco, Denmark) changes the physicochemical properties (effective viscosity, sedimentation stability) and organoleptic properties (consistency, taste) of cream with fat level 40%. It has been conducted mathematical modeling, aimed to calculate dosing for improving the properties of milk-fat emulsions, structure formation and further ensuring of the necessary consistency of cream pastes. Optimal doses of colloid QNA as a consistency stabilizer and a U/G Dimodan emulsifier have been determined. It has been established that their content should be 1,0% and 0,5%, relatively, for pastes with a fat level of 40%. The effectiveness of the joint action of consistency stabilizers and emulsifiers in obtaining milk-fat emulsions were defined by the level of effective viscosity. Moreover, the use of the emulsifier had less effect on the effective viscosity of the milk-fat emulsions. It has been found that using the structure stabilizers could improve the formation of low-fat products and the formation of the desired paste-like consistency of high-fat cream with a fat level of 70%. Thus, it is possible to adjust the composition and properties of raw material as a basis for milk-fat emulsions by optimizing the ratio of structure stabilizers. Comparative evaluation of the physicochemical properties of milk-fat emulsions and high-fat cream makes it possible to predict their potential for conversion into a creamy paste with a given consistency.


The puerperium refers to the period that begins soon after childbirth, defined by several transformations, as well as physical and psychic, constituting a moment of fragility, influencing the existential transition and the mother-child direction. During the period in which women are cared for health services, care of professionals has been limited and impaired by the subjective aspects. Objective : To understand the feelings experienced by the woman during the puerperium. Material and Methods : A qualitative, non-experimental, exploratory, cross-sectional, health study, semi-structured, recorded as postpartum women in a basic health unit in Santo Antônio do Aracanguá, São Paulo State. Results : Ten women participated in the study in the puerperium, with a mean age of 28 years, while most were primary and late puerperium during the interviews. The speeches revealed positive feelings about the puerperal experience and the experience of caring for your child. Conclusion : The puerperium presents as a period of transitions and new challenges, being likely to be useful to their feelings, achievements, difficulties and as occurrences.


ABSTRACT This short essay aims at presenting a theoretical framework for the systemic approach to innovation studies. Namely, the work will highlight the complex and multidisciplinary aspects of each innovation process: as a matter of fact, when innovation takes place, it involves diverse category of actors: scientists, engineers, political authorities, entrepreneurs, and public opinion. Second, the work will focus on the uncertainty that each innovation process entails, especially in terms of intersection between technological and cognitive dimensions. The conclusions will assess that systemics are the best epistemic approach for dealing with those issues.


Conventionally, silver (Ag) electrodes for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are prepared by evaporated method at high temperature. In this work, we report a new methodology to fabricate the Ag source/drain electrodes of flexible OTFTs arrays by chemically plated technique on polyimide substrate at room temperature. The indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole (IDT-BT) OTFTs with chemically plated electrodes obtain the saturation mobility of 0.25 cm $^{2}\text{V}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$ . Furthermore, compared with high-temperature thermal evaporation method, the subthreshold swing of the IDT-BT OTFTs decreases from 1.97 to 0.89 V/dec with chemically plated Ag source/drain electrodes. The smaller threshold voltage and contact resistance are also obtained, owing to the change of work function. The bending tests indicate that the electrical properties of the devices maintain unchanged during tensile bending at a radius up to 1.4 mm. Moreover, the electrical property of the devices remains stable at a tensile bending cycle of 1000 cycles at a radius of 2.5 mm. This proposed methodology has great potential for flexible and wearable electronic devices.


Indian Retail Industry having the fifth largest place in the world. It comprises organized and unorganized sectors. Indian retail industry has one of the fastest growing industries in India especially over the last few years. The market is growing at a steady rate of 11-12 percent and accounts for around 10 percent of the country's GDP. Indian retail market is considered to be the second largest in the world in terms of growth potential. The recent years have witnessed rapid transformation and vigorous profits in Indian retail stores across various categories. This can be contemplated as a result of the changing attitude of Indian consumers and their overwhelming acceptance to modern retail formats. Domestic consumption market in India is estimated to grow approximately 7 to 8% with retail accounting for 60% of the overall segment. Of this 60%, organized retail is just 5% which is comparatively lesser than other countries with emerging economies. For the growth of retailing in India organized retailing provides great opportunities. So the aim of this paper find out various factors responsible for growth of organized retailing in India. The paper also focuses on various challenges and opportunities for growth of organized retailing in India.


DS Kieffer, Professor at Graz University of Technology, Austria, C Leelasukseree, a Lecturer at Chaing Mai University, Thailand, and GGW Mustoe, Professor at Colorado School of Mines, USA, describe recent research into the behaviour of TBM disc cutters in boulder rich ground.