Many real-life systems are dynamic, evolving, and intertwined. Examples of such systems displaying 'complexity', can be found in a wide variety of contexts ranging from economics to biology, to the environmental and physical sciences. The study of complex systems involves analysis and interpretation of vast quantities of data, which necessitates the application of many classical and modern tools and techniques from statistics, network science, machine learning, and agent-based modelling. Drawing from the latest research, this self-contained and pedagogical text describes some of the most important and widely used methods, emphasising both empirical and theoretical approaches. More broadly, this book provides an accessible guide to a data-driven toolkit for scientists, engineers, and social scientists who require effective analysis of large quantities of data, whether that be related to social networks, financial markets, economies or other types of complex systems.


A testing program evaluating actual tank waste was developed in response to Task 4 from the M-12 External Flowsheet Review Team (EFRT) issue response plan.( ) The test program was subdivided into logical increments. The bulk water-insoluble solid wastes that are anticipated to be delivered to the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) were identified according to type such that the actual waste testing could be targeted to the relevant categories. Under test plan TP-RPP-WTP-467, eight broad waste groupings were defined. Samples available from the 222S archive were identified and obtained for testing. Under this test plan, a waste-testing program was implemented that included: • Homogenizing the archive samples by group as defined in the test plan • Characterizing the homogenized sample groups • Performing parametric leaching testing on each group for compounds of interest • Performing bench-top filtration/leaching tests in the hot cell for each group to simulate filtration and leaching activities if they occurred in the UFP2 vessel of the WTP Pretreatment Facility. This report focuses on filtration/leaching tests performed on two of the eight waste composite samples and follow-on parametric tests to support aluminum leaching results from those tests.


This paper announces a constructive setup for homological algebra (of categories of finitely presented modules) in which the CARTAN-EILENBERG resolution of complexes and a particular GROTHENDIECK spectral sequence can be used to compute the purity filtration of a module M (associated to a system �). The purity filtration yields the fine structure of the torsion submodule of M , which corresponds to the autonomous part of the systemobstructing its controlability. I. I NTRODUCTION


As the euro crisis progresses without any resolution in sight, a rift is emerging between a small group of Northern European countries including Germany, the Netherlands and Finland, and a larger group of Latin European countries including France, Italy and Spain. The former group of countries emphasizes the importance of economic adjustment and austerity, and is only prepared to consider pooling debt among euro area countries once states have ceded large swathes of political sovereignty to the euro area level. The latter group insists that there is a limit to the amount of adjustment and austerity that their societies are willing to accept and is pushing for the mutualisation of debt as soon as possible; and before seriously considering relinquishing more sovereignty. In France, in particular, opinions are deeply divided over the debt pooling issue.


Polypropylene (PP)/corn starch master batch (starch-MB)/silicate composites with different corn starch compositions of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 were prepared by melt compounding at 200 ℃, using lab scale Brabender mixer. The content of silicate was fixed at 5 wt%. The composition of starch-MB in composites was confirmed by the existence of hydroxy group and peak intensity in fourier-transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. The thermal properties of the PP/starch-MB/silicate composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). There was no district change in melting temperature, and TGA curve indicates a decrease in degradation temperature with the increase of starch-MB content. The silicate dispersion of the composites was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The degree of silicate dispersion in PP/starch-MB/silicate composites depended on the content of starch-MB. There was detectable change in d-spacing and peak intensity of the composite when the content of starch-MB was higher than 20 wt%. The rheological behavior of the composites was explained by both shear thinning effect and elastic property with the starch-MB amount. These effects were remarkable when the content of starch-MB was higher than 20 wt%. These were confirmed by an oscillatory viscometer at 200 ℃.


Girl,Interrupted,an autobiography by American writer Susanna Kaysen,is representative of the "autopathographical" tide emerged in the U.S.in the 1980-90s.Telling about her experience in a mental hospital 30 years ago,the book employs the conventional retrospective focalization,yet unlike most other autobiographies,Kaysen does not imbue her past experience with any metaphorical meaning.Her voice in the book,instead,is depressed and crazy,much similar to her voice 30 years ago.This narrative voice,while helping Kaysen construct and experience her authentic self,is also a necessary result of her(illness) body writing.Girl,Interrupted,therefore,provides an excellent test case for us to explore the interactions among narrative,self and body in autobiography,particularly in autopathography.


China's recent success stories in ICT standardization initiatives are among many remarkable examples to illustrate the country's evolution as an innovation powerhouse. While China's standardization activities experienced significant failure rate in the begging, there is growing recognition that the country may have a higher chance of success in more recent IT standards. In this paper, we provide a historical analysis of China's standardization activities. We identify and analyze several disruptive events related to standardization initiatives such as milestones, catastrophes and legal/administrative happenings (Hannigan, 1995).


Abstract The structure and function of oak Quercus spp. savanna ecosystems in the North American Midwest were originally maintained by an active disturbance regime (often fire). Subsequent reductions in the frequency of disturbance after European settlement have facilitated rapid, regional conversion of these ecosystems to more closed-canopy forest. Hence, regional-scale management strategies are now needed to restore critical spatial gradients of light, temperature, soil moisture, and soil organic matter for recovery and sustenance of the unique mosaic of understory grass and forb species assemblages that define oak savannas. Tree species composition, distribution, mortality, basal area, and canopy cover are important forest structural parameters that are intrinsically linked to oak savanna restoration ecology. In this benchmark study, we seek to determine whether Landsat-based monitoring protocols can be developed as a tool to guide and monitor regional-scale restoration and management efforts. Using th...


Crinb is an authoring tool for books related to education. Our platform would play the role of integrating the text and elements present in teaching materials with the augmented reality technology. Making the learning process more functional for students and teachers, because in several cases found students have difficulty in absorbing the content because it is not something visual. A tool that exerts this functionality would be something innovative in the area of education, because after a vast research no tool was found that performed similar function.


This paper presents two integrated piezoresistive sensors capable of detecting simultaneously both the contact force and the contact position of a micro-object in micro-handling applications. The first sensor detects the 1-D contact position in vertical direction along a contact surface. The second sensor extends the sensing principle and detects the contact position on a 2-D contact surface. The devices combine the outputs of two groups of piezoresistors in Wheatstone bridge configurations, allowing the computation of the contact force and the contact position. The sensors are fabricated with an IC-compatible process and can be integrated in micro-handling tools such as micro-grippers. The two devices are characterized by applying forces onto the contact surface at pre-defined positions. With an applied contact force ~ 1 mN, the first sensor has a force resolution of 1 μN and a vertical position detection accuracy of 2-3 μm. The estimated force range detectable is 3 mN and a sensitivity of 2.8 V/N is obtained with an effective supply voltage of 177 mV across the Wheatstone bridge. The second sensor has a force detection range up to 3 mN with a resolution of 20 μN under a measured noise of 30 μV. The theoretical spatial resolution is ~ 5μm in both x and y directions with a contact force of 1 mN. The devices are designed to handle micro-objects with sizes of 25-250 μm. The concept and the principle of the device are not limited to applications in micro-grippers and can be used in other micro-handling tools.


This study investigated variations of spectral characteristics of Korean pine needles associated with heavy metal contamination at an abandoned Pb-Zn mine. XRF analysis revealed that the pine needles are mainly polluted by Zn and As. Among the contaminants, As content showed highest correlation with surface reflectance in visible and near infrared spectrum where positive relationship in visible and negative relationship in near infrared are detected. Especially, NIR reflectance and As content have the highest correlation with R2 of 0.9241. This study would contribute for development of remote sensing based exploration techniques of As contamination for large area over the world if further experiments follows.


The virologic determinants of progressive liver disease associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remain unclear. Previous investigations have associated HBV disease with specific mutations but this association may be confounded by HBV genotype, HLA haplotype of the infected individual or both. The association between non‐synonymous mutations located within putative cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte directed epitopes (CDE) of the HBV core region and disease states was investigated. Subjects infected with HBV were enrolled from a clinical cohort in Seoul, Korea, and HBV core gene sequences were analyzed for mutational patterns inside and outside of CDE with respect to subject demographics and HBV‐related disease states. No specific mutation or pattern of mutations were associated with progressive disease states; however, individuals with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma had greater numbers of non‐synonymous mutations within CDE when compared to those with chronic HBV infection who were HBeAg positive (P = 0.007 and 0.026, respectively). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HBV disease progression is associated with viral escape mutations that are a marker of CTL activity. These data suggest that the number of non‐synonymous mutations in the HBV core region may predict HBV disease progression better than any single mutation or pattern of mutations. J. Med. Virol. 83:2082–2087, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Captured CO2 from an (industrial) activity (such as the CO2 that will be handled by the CO2 distribution hub) may contain impurities, which would have practical impacts on CO2 transport and storage systems and also potential health, safety and environmental impacts. These impurity levels may be very heterogeneous and in order to be able to combine these sources in one system it will be required to establish one common CO2 specification. Any impurity levels exceeding these specifications should be removed at the emitter. There are many literature references that provide typical CO2 stream compositions from the three main capture processes. From this data a typical composition list, which is presented in Table 1, is developed.


State-transition diagrams (STDs), and their underlying finite-state machines (FSMs), are used in many computing and electronic applications including operating-systems, graphical user-interfaces, microwave ovens, and telephone switching systems. All of these are reactive systems. The use of STDs and FSMs, however, does not scale well with system size. Statecharts are a graphical notation to represent complex reactive systems naturally and addresses the scaling problem Concurrent, hierarchical, finite state machines (CHSMs) are a realization of statecharts. To develop models of reactive systems, software can be written to implement CHSMs providing a hybrid language system where an existing programming language is augmented with additional constructs. This approach, also taken by systems such as lex and yacc, allows all the power of the host language to be used without "reinventing the wheel," requires the user to learn only the additional constructs, and integrates seamlessly with other programs or modules written in the host language. The development of such a language system is the focus of this thesis.


The bearing capacity of X-section cast-in-place concrete pile(XCC pile),a special cross-section pile,is significantly influenced by side resistance.The single-piled composite foundation including XCC pile and circular pile is simulated by means of the finite element program ABAQUS.The side resistance and side bearing capacity are compared between XCC pile and circular pile.The distribution of side resistance of XCC pile is analyzed via cross-section plan and depth.The results indicate that both the side resistance and the side bearing capacity for XCC pile are better than those of circular pile,and that the side bearing capacity of XCC pile is significantly larger than that of circular pile at the relative depth of 0.9.At the cross-section plan,because of the soil arching,the side resistance of convex arc is about 1.5 to 3 times as large as that of concave arc for XCC pile.The ratio of the side resistance for convex arc to that of concave arc increases with the relative depth.The results are available for the design of XCC pile.


Introduction: This study evaluated the prevalence of developmental and eruption disturbances of teeth in both primary and mixed dentition of the patients along with the associations between the variables such as child's age, gender, jaw, and teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 9235 children visiting the Outpatient Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India, were examined during a period of 1 year from January 2014 to January 2015. Clinical examination was carried out to identify the presence of developmental and eruption disturbances. Data management and statistical analysis were carried out using software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19. Results: A total of 223 (2.41%) patients were affected by the developmental dental and eruption disturbances. The prevalence of developmental dental anomalies was 1.62 and of eruption disturbances was 1.06. Enamel hypoplasia was the most prevalent anomaly (0.77) whereas the most prevalent eruption disturbance was ectopic eruption (0.80). Conclusion: The early detection and diagnosis of dental anomalies is important to prevent further disturbances and related complications.


The Library of the New Bulgarian University (NBU) looks forward to improve the quality of its services, in order to meet the high customers' expectations. The challenge of the dynamically diverse development of the new information and communication technologies would lead the libraries at entirely different stage of managing the library matters. The modern university library is forced to serve the educational process - improving and providing a variety of new services.
The accent in now-a-days information and reference work is pointed towards adopting new self-service based methods in the library servicing. The users would approach the library primarily off-campus, saving time and obtaining the quality of the use of different technological and reference support.


Data fusion of biplane angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) facilitates geometrically correct reconstruction of coronary vessels. The locations of IVUS frames along the catheter pullback trajectory can be identified, however the IVUS image orientations remain ambiguous. An automated approach to determination of correct IVUS image orientation in three-dimensional space is reported. Analytical calculation of the catheter twist is followed by statistical optimization determining the absolute IVUS image orientation. The fusion method was applied to data acquired in patients undergoing routine coronary intervention, demonstrating the feasibility and good performance of the authors' approach.


e14696 Background: Goblet cell appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (GCA-NETs), comprise approximately 6% of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and share histologic features of both adenocarci...


The invention discloses a method for three-phase detection of errors of a three-phase electronic transformer of a GIS. The method is particularly applicable to operation performance detection of an electronic transformer of a three-phase enclosure structure of the GIS. During testing, synchronous three-phase current amplification is conducted on a three-phase electronic type current transformer (CT), a primary terminal of a tested CT and a primary terminal of a standard CT are connected with an output end of a current amplifier to form a closed current loop, a three-phase electronic type transformer tester is used for reading secondary measurement data of the tested CT and the standard CT through Ethernet, and errors of detection points can be obtained through calculation. During three-phase electronic type testing, a primary terminal of a three-phase voltage booster, a primary terminal of a tested three-phase electronic potential transformer (PT), a primary terminal of a standard PT and a casing are grounded, synchronous three-phase voltage boosting is adopted, secondary output of a tested PT and secondary output of the standard PT are connected with the three-phase electronic type transformer tester for testing, and errors can be calculated. By the aid of the method, the on-site actual operation state of the three-phase electronic type potential transformer and the on-site actual operation state of the electronic type current transformer can be simulated, and error performance detection can be conducted at the states.


We introduce a type system based on intervals, objects representing the time in which a block of code will execute. The type system can verify time-based properties such as when a field will be accessed or a method will be invoked. One concrete application of our type system is data-race protection: For fields which are initialized during one phase of the program and constant thereafter, users can designate the interval during which the field is mutable. Code which happens after this initialization interval can safely read the field in parallel. We also support fields guarded by a lock and even the use of dynamic race detectors. Another use for intervals is to designate different phases in the object's lifetime, such as a constructor phase. The type system then ensures that only appropriate methods are invoked in each phase.


Objective This study aimed to determine the change of gastrointestinal (GI) emptying time after ileal interposition (IT) and elucidate the role of altered GI peristalsis in diabetic control. Materials and Methods Twelve male Goto-Kakizaki rats were randomly divided into IT and sham groups. Body weight and food intake were recorded. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and gastric emptying were measured at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks after operation. At 9 weeks postoperatively, the rats in the IT group were given atropine which can suppress the emptying of stomach and upper intestine, while sham rats were given metoclopramide (to expedite gastric emptying) for 1 week. At week 10 postoperatively, OGTT and GLP-1 were detected. The intestinal transit was tested at postoperative 12 weeks. Results No differences were found between groups at baseline. After operation, the IT rats had lower body weight than sham rats. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, the IT group showed better OGTT and ITT, with significantly elevated GLP-1 relative to sham. After administration of the GI motility drugs, however, the effect of diabetic control for the two groups became similar. The GI transit after IT was significantly slower than sham at all tested time points. Conclusions Although IT inhibits the GI transit time, the earlier interaction between undigested nutrients and interpositioned ileum promotes gut hormone secretion and thus reduces body weight and alleviates hyperglycemia. A decrease of GI transit of IT rats exacerbates the antidiabetic effects.


Thorough preparation is the key to a rewarding school visit. By Liz Rhodes, a primary school teacher from Exeter, Devon, and consultant editor to Five to Eleven.


Prior studies suggest that both aggregate and firm-level uncertainty adversely affect economic growth, because they reduce investment and impede the reallocation of resources in the economy. In this paper, we hypothesize and find that the effects of firm-level and aggregate-level uncertainty interact. Therefore, the effects of each type of uncertainty (firm-level or aggregate-level) are exacerbated in the presence of the other, and their combined effect is larger than the sum of the individual effects. We further show that the interaction term explains the puzzling relation between the equity premium and earnings dispersion, and predicts unemployment and industrial production forecast errors. Our findings with respect to the interaction of different forms of uncertainty furthers our understating of how uncertainty affects macroeconomic activity and has implications for policy setters. JEL classification: E32, G12, G14, M41


For battery charger application, a wide switching frequency range is required for LLC resonant converter, which brings difficulties to magnetic components and driver circuit design, and the system efficiency would be degraded. To narrow the switching frequency range, in this paper, a novel topology based on the LLC and LCL-T resonant tanks is proposed. During the constant current (CC) charge mode, the proposed converter is operating with LCL-T resonant tank, which provides constant charging current; during the constant voltage (CV) charge mode, the structure of the proposed converter is modified to a traditional LLC resonant converter, and it is operating at the series resonant frequency to perform as a constant voltage source. Due to the high accuracy of these resonant tanks, the required operating switching frequency range can be significantly reduced. Operation principles and design considerations for the proposed converter are presented. Finally, experimental results are provided.


Wired-logic is especially useful when designing fan-in restricted logic circuits which are implemented with bipolar and MOS transistors. There is, however, little published on the subject outside of the work done by the present authors. In this paper, a method of reducing the levels of circuits by utilizing Wired-Logic is presented. The method restricts the number of fanins for a gate utilizing Wired-Logic and transforms circuits using the transduction method optimization. To attain the proper combination of NOR gates and Wired-OR gates, an algorithm using Wired-OR gates for the fan-in restriction is also presented. By performing experiments on third level NOR circuits, the proposed method is comparable to Generalized Serial Duplication which is an efficient serial duplication. The levels of most circuits are reduced by Wired-OR gates, thereby demonstrating the efficiency of Wired-Logic. Although connection length is important to LSI, the cost function simplifies circuit levels. Hence, for the purposes of this paper, analysis is expanded to include the cost function.


This paper presents a discrete derivative control technique for dc-link voltage in shunt compensator. It is desired to maintain the dc-link voltage at reference level value for current compensation using Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) to improve the power quality of distribution systems. The proposed control strategy improves the dynamic performance of DC control loop by taking the values of the error of the reference and feedback quantity with its discrete derivative value. Multiplied these values with the proportional factors in such a way that they maintained these values at the same scale level. The errors with their absolute values are taken in account to keep the calculation amount close to that of PI (Proportional Integral) controller. The performance was studied by MATLAB software simulation using Power System toolbox, result shows reduction in the occurrence of transient occurred on DC-Link voltage at the initial stage, also it reaches the reference level so fast. The control technique has been implemented with the Anti-Hebbian control algorithm developed for the extraction of fundamental reference source currents required for power devices switching. The control technique has been verified for power factor correction to improve the power quality of a three phase distribution system using DSTATCOM. MATLAB Simulink platform is used to study the performance of the proposed control technique under dynamic conditions of nonlinear load.


Trading of emissions credits has quickly evolved from a curiosity to a viable compliance strategy for electric utilities and power-generating industrial firms. A sure sign that emissions trading has matured is the entry of power marketers onto the scene; in bundling pollution allowances with their electricity offerings, they are making their product more attractive - and stealing a page from the coal companies` strategy book to boot. Although most current activity involves credits for sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}), nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) trading is under way in certain areas as well, although NO{sub x} markets are local and thus slower to develop. However, utilities see economic development potential in this area; some are providing NO{sub x} credits to their industrial customers to help them comply with environmental regulations - and to retain their loyalty when deregulation affords them a choice of electricity suppliers. This paper briefly discusses the issues related to emissions trading.


The introduction of various methods of conservation and maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) reserves in soils is directly related to the active development of carbon trading markets, the evidence base for which is, in particular, the GSOC-MRV Protocol. This article presents the first results of the practice of implementing the carbon protocol on the territory of the educational farm of the Ural State Agrarian University. In particular, sites were selected to assess the carbon pool in soils under conventional agricultural production practices (BAU), as well as when implementing Sustainable Soil Management (SSM) practices. The first studies showed that as a result of applying the soil-protective agriculture practice in the form of sideration, 64 tons of Sorghum ha-1 for a layer of 0-10 cm and 48 tons for a layer of 10-20 cm were accumulated in 5 years on experimental plots. The approximate rate of soil organic carbon accumulation for the conditions of the Middle Urals when using sideral crops is about 11 carbon units per year. The work was carried out within the framework of the State Task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, number FEUZ-2023-0023 Ural-Carbon project.


In order to establish the character of the excretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and of pregnanediol relative to the length of use of gestagens for contraception 90 women were observed over the course of use; in 53 the level of pregnanediol excretion was measured and in 37 the level of LH excretion was determined. The hormonal preparations were Enovid and noretin noreth nodrel and mestranol. Changes in the excretion of LH accompanied the suppression of ovulation declining until its complete disappearance after prolonged use (2.5-3 years). Discontinuation of use after a shorter period of use (6 months-1 year) resulted in a sharp increase in LH excretion (rebound phenomenon). After much longer periods of use no such phenomenon was observed. The rebound phenomenon may be a diagnostic clue indicative of some change or condition in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system.(Authors modified)


In the twenty-first century, the public health model is increasingly taking centre-stage in global responses to violence. Based on impressive claims of success, interventions such as Cure Violence ...


This paper presents the security analysis on the quantum stream cipher so called Yuen-2000 protocol (or $\alpha\eta$ scheme) against the fast correlation attack, the typical attack on stream ciphers. Although a very simple experimental model of the quantum stream cipher without a random mapper may be decrypted in the information theoretic sense by the fast correlation algorithm, it is not a basic feature of Yuen 2000 protocol. In fact, we clarify that there exists a randomization scheme which attains the perfect correlation immunity against such attacks under an approximation. And in this scheme, the running key correlation from the second randomization that determines the mapping patterns is dismissed also by quantum noise. In such a case, any fast correlation attack does not work on the quantum stream cipher.


Through deeply analyzing the implicit parallelism of genetic algorithms, this paper paints out a few errors in "Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning", by D.E. Goldberg (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1989), p. 40-1, and revises his inference process and the corresponding conclusion according to his idea of sliding window. Besides, this paper solves the problem simply but strictly with a method of inductive inference.


It is a process for the preparation of a crucible of quartz glass arranged with a in a polygon and known with a flat bottom joined side walls, said side walls are formed by formed from SiO To this basis the production cheaper crucible, in particular solar crucible made of quartz glass, to enable high dimensional accuracy, the invention proposes that the bottom is produced by forming a grain layer of SiO


sides of masking in Venice: Who were the mask makers? How did they practice their craft? Where did one go to buy a mask, how much did it cost, and did Venetians own more than one? As a thriving, international trade city, Venice must still harbor the answers to these basic questions in its archives. Through a reexamination of Venetian carnival and the practice of masking, Venice Incognito turns on its head the long-standing notion of early modern Venice as a rowdy, libertine city destined for downfall. Although it begins and ends with tales of the slippery Casanova, this book ultimately proves him to be an outlier—a man before his time—and an exception to the largely conservative practice of Venetian masking wherein identity was fixed in the bloodline and the use of a mask did not refashion the self, but instead only reaffirmed and protected it.


Formal verification of VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) in Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) design has been discussed for many years. In this paper we provide a practical approach to do so. We present a semi-automatic way to verify FPGA VHDL software deadlocks, especially those that reside in automata. A domain is defined to represent the VHDL modules that will be verified; these modules will be transformed into Verilog models and be verified by SMV tools. By analyzing the verification results of SMV, deadlocks can be found; after looking back to the VHDL code, the deadlocking code is located and the problem is solved. VHDL verification is particularly important in safety-critical software. As an example, our solution is applied to a Multifunction Vehicle Bus Controller (MVBC) system for a train. The safety properties were tested well in the development stage, but experienced a breakdown during the long-term software testing stage, which was mainly caused by deadlocks in the VHDL software. In this special case, we managed to locate the VHDL deadlocks and solve the problem by the FPGA deadlock detection approach provided in this paper, which demonstrates that our solution works well.


The singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay $\Lambda_{c}^{+}\to \Sigma^{-}K^{+}\pi^{+}$ is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of $6.4\sigma$ by using 4.5 fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. The absolute branching fraction of $\Lambda_{c}^{+}\to \Sigma^{-}K^{+}\pi^{+}$ is measured to be $(3.8\pm1.3_{\rm stat}\pm0.2_{\rm syst})\times 10^{-4}$ in a model-independent approach. This is the first observation of a Cabibbo-suppressed $\Lambda_{c}^{+}$ decay involving $\Sigma^-$ in the final state. The ratio of branching fractions between $\Lambda_{c}^{+}\to \Sigma^{-}K^{+}\pi^{+}$ and the Cabibbo-favored decay $\Lambda_{c}^{+}\to \Sigma^- \pi^+\pi^+$ is calculated to be $(0.4 \pm 0.1)s_{c}^{2}$, where $s_{c} \equiv \sin\theta_c = 0.2248$ with $\theta_c$ the Cabibbo mixing angle. This ratio significantly deviates from $1.0s_{c}^{2}$ and provides important information for the understanding of nonfactorization contributions in $\Lambda_{c}^{+}$ decays.


The category of strict polynomial superfunctors, recently defined by Axtell, generalizes the category of strict polynomial functors. In this paper we compute extension groups in the category of strict polynomial superfunctors, and exhibit certain universal extension classes for the general linear supergroup. Some of these classes restrict to the classes exhibited by Friedlander and Suslin for the general linear group, while others arise from "super" phenomena. We use these extension classes to show that the cohomology ring of a finite supergroup scheme (equivalently, of a finite-dimensional (super-)cocommutative Hopf superalgebra) over a field is a finitely-generated algebra. Implications for the rational cohomology of the general linear supergroup are also discussed.


A method of standardizing universally useful software is discussed using CERN as an example of one such standard which is successful. A two-level standard is suggested wherein the lower level is coded in assembler at each participating site and tends to be subroutines which perform elementary tasks. The second level consists of routines which solve more complex data handling or mathematical problems. Numerical results showing the triple benefit of smaller programs, faster programs while maintaining transportability is given.


(3.12g., 0.04×1.2mol.), activated by dil. HCl, was added in small portions with stirring during 15min., maintaining at 15~17°by external cooling. After addition, the mixture was stirred for 3.5hr. at room temperature (20~22°) and then poured in to 250ml. of ice-water. This mixture was filtered to remove a trace of unreacted Zn-dust and the filtrate was made alkaline with conc. NH4OH, extracted with three 150ml. portions of CHCl3. The organic phase was washed with H2O, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 50ml. of benzene and to this solution, 400ml. of petr. ether was added. After the separation of solid, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystallized, m.p. 163~166°. After recrystallization from AcOEt, it showed m.p. 181~182°, undepression on admixture with authentic sample4, 5) and IR spectra of the two samples were identical. The total yield was 3.55g. (30.0%). Anal. Calcd. for C18H19NO3: C, 72.73; H, 6.40; N, 4.71. Found: C, 73.14; H, 6.39; N, 5.02. Codeine (IV)-To the solution of codeinone (4.0g.) in 20ml. of MeOH. NaBH4 (10g.) in 240ml. of MeOH was added, and allowed to stand at room temperature (20~25°) for 1.5hr., then concentrated under reduced pressure to about 1/3 volume, and diluted with 200ml. of 10% NaOH. The solution was heated on the steam-bath until boiling, diluted with 300ml. of H2O and extracted with four 100 ml. uortions of CHCl3. The extract was washed with H2O, dried over Na2SO4, and the solvent was removed by distillation in vacuo. The residue was crystallized, m.p. 149~152°. After recrystallization from benzene, it showed m.p. 154~156°, undepressed on admixture with natural codeine and IR and UV spectra of both samples were identical. The yield was 3.7 g. (91.8%). The author expresses his gratitude to Prof. K. Tsuda of Tokyo University, to Mr. M. Matsui, the Director of this Laboratory, and to Dr. I. Iwai, the Chief of the Section, for their kind guidance in this work. He is also indebted to Mr. H. Higuchi and N. Higosaki for measurement of infrared and ultraviolet spectra, and to Mr. T. Onoe, Misses T. Furukawa and H. Ohtsuka for elemental analyses.


Based on the potential vorticity,combining the divergence effect,the projection of the wind vector spinned 90 degrees on the general potential temperature gradient was defined as the potential divergence,and its second order disturbance quantity was the wave activity density of potential divergence.The wave activity density of potential divergence represents the disturbance advection transportation of the disturbance heating,which is related with the evolution of potential stability.The analysis of the landfall typhoon"Morakot"shows that the high value of the wave activity density overlapped the precipitation region during the three stages of the location on Taiwan,Taiwan Strait,and the mainland of typhoon"Morakot".In the first two stages,the wave activity density and the disturbance transportation of the disturbance heating in rain region enhanced,while after the landfall,they decreased.In all physical effect on the local variation of the wave activity density,the potential vorticity of disturbance ageostrophic wind was the main forcing term.Long-term statistics shows that the wave activity density and the observation precipitation have close relationship,so the potential divergence wave activity density torrential rain forecast equation was deduced,which is the dynamical extension of the numerical model prediction data.The prediction application of it shows that the wave activity density precipitation calculated by the 24 hr-model prediction field matched well with the observation, which was favourable to the rainfall prediction caused by"Morakot".


The aim of this thesis was to synthesize new purine ribonucleosides bearing nonpolar aromatic adamantane substituent in position 6 of the purine ring. Aromatic amines were prepared using multi step procedure containing consequtive aromatic nitration, sulphurisation, reduction of nitro group to primary amine and Mozingo´s reduction. In the next part of this thesis, a series of experiments with the aim to prepared new family of purine ribonucleosides, were performed. Mechanisms of nucleophilic aromatic substitution and protected glycosylation followed by deprotection of the ribose ring were used during these experiments. All prepared compounds were fully characterized using spectral methods (IR, NMR, MS).


Astrophysics has been one of the disciplines which utilize actively supercomputers for their researches. In this paper, studies of astrophysical flows by large scale numerical simulations in supercomputers are discussed. The followings are described: 1) characteristics of astrophysical flows, 2) numerical codes to study astrophysical flows, 3) performance of the codes in parallel supercomputers. A couple of examples of such studies are briefly presented: 1) three-dimensional evolution of the nonlinear Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a magnetized medium, 2) three-dimensional simulations of astrophysical jets in a magnetized medium.


The invention discloses a supported nano TiO2 catalyst and a preparation method of the supported nano TiO2 catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly carrying out certain pretreatment on bacterial cellulose prepared by a dynamic fermentation method, by utilizing rich polyhydroxyl groups and a directionally-distributed water molecule layer on the surface of the bacterial cellulose, enabling the titanium dioxide precursor comprising chlorate, sulfate and organic complex and the like to be directionally hydrolyzed on the surface of the bacterial cellulose by a hydrothermal method, and finally preparing the supported nano TiO2 catalyst by dewatering. The supported nano TiO2 catalyst prepared by the invention has the advantages that the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, the reaction condition is mild, the shape of a product is controllable and the specific surface area is large and the like, and can be widely applied in the fields such as photocatalysis, optical devices and proton exchange membrane fuel cells.


To maximize both heating economy and comfort of a private home heating system, fuzzy logic control has been used by a German company in a new generation of furnace controllers. The fuzzy logic controller ensures optimal adaptation to changing customer heating demands while using one sensor less than the former generation. Both the fuzzy logic controller and the conventional control system were implemented on a standard g-bit microcontroller. The design, optimization and implementation of the fuzzy controller was supported by the software development system fuzzyTECH.<<ETX>>


The use of calcium imaging to map the activation of neurons in vivo during behavioral tasks has resulted in advancing our understanding of how nervous systems encode sensory input and generate appropriate output. In almost all of these studies, calcium imaging is used to infer spike times or probabilities since action potentials activate voltage-gated calcium channels and increase intracellular calcium levels. However, it is well known that neurons not only fire action potentials but convey information via intrinsic dynamics such as by generating bistable membrane potential states. While a number of tools for spike inference have been developed and are currently being used, no tool exists for converting calcium imaging signals to maps of cellular state in bistable neurons. Purkinje neurons (PNs), the GABA-ergic principal neurons of the cerebellum, exhibit membrane potential bistability, firing either tonically or in bursts. Several studies have implicated the role of a population code in cerebellar function, with bistability adding an extra layer of complexity to the code. In this manuscript we develop a tool, CaMLsort, which uses convolutional recurrent neural networks to classify calcium imaging traces as arising from either tonic or bursting cells. We validated the classifier using a number of different methods and we show that the tool performs well on simulated event rasters as well as real biological data that was previously not seen by the network. This tool offers a new way of analysing calcium imaging data from bistable neurons to understand how they participate in network computation and natural behaviors.


ABSTRACT Background: Health promoting behaviors are known to be a key factor in managing type 2 diabetes and improving the quality of life in diabetic patients. However, there is little known about the factors influencing these behaviors in diabetic patients. This study aimed to find the relationship between the health literacy and health promoting behaviors in patients with type II diabetes. Methods: This correlational study was conducted from August to September 2016 on 175 eligible diabetic patients (20 to 65 year-old) who referred to the selected centers of diabetes control in Ahvaz City. Patients were chosen using convenience non-probable sampling. Data were collected by diabetic patients' health promoting behaviors' questionnaire and health literacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22, descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: The mean scores for health promoting behaviors and health literacy were determined 100.45±19.82 and 76.14±15.26, respectively. The highest and lowest scores in health promoting behaviors belonged to nutrition (26.11±6.85) and physical activity (6.70±2.75), respectively. There was a significant relationship between all dimensions of health promoting behaviors and health literacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: Since health literacy has a positive relationship with health promoting behaviors in diabetic patients, health care providers need to concentrate on increasing the health literacy of their patients rather than solely concentrating on increasing their knowledge, thereby facilitating the development of health promoting behaviors in patients.


I am amazed by technology on a daily basis. On my daily commute I use my phone to check emails while at the same time listening to a podcast and monitoring train updates. I also record the number of steps I've taken during the entire commute to assess my level of activity. I am not alone: on the rare occasions I look up from my phone everybody else appears to be doing the same thing.

Yet when I walk into a hospital the technological breakthroughs that are now part of our daily lives seem absent. Hospital computers are invariably slow, often with limited internet access and old versions …


Cell culturing is one of the most intensively used technique, providing a controllable artificial environment for cell growing and monitoring. Cellular thermodynamics (intracellular thermal components of absorption) has recently been intensively investigated because of its implication in different molecular mechanisms. A Thermoelectric sensor can thus provide information about changes happening inside a cell. The work focuses on the design and fabrication of a dual pyroelectric sensor for the thermal characterization of cultured cells. The device is based on the use of two pyroelectric elements stimulated by an Infrared source. It is inherently compact and designed for compensating for the effect of the culture media in which the cells are maintained. Experimental results on the ARPE-19 cell line at different concentrations evidenced a linear dependence of the dual-sensor's output. Moreover, with respect to its single-element counterpart, the effect of common-mode signals (such as that of culture media) is drastically reduced. The dual sensor is thus a promising characterization tool for rapid lab-based applications.


Two HPLC methods are compared for the determination of galacturonic acid derived from the hydrolysis of the pectic substances of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). One method uses a C 18 reversed-phase column and an ultraviolet detector ; a recovery of 99.31% (%CV 1.12) is obtained. The second method uses an NH 2 normal-phase column with a refractive index detector ; a recovery of 99.50% (%CV 0.95) is obtained. Both methods allow determination of galacturonic acid within 8 min, although the ultraviolet method requires 30 min between injections for elution of interfering substances. When 13 bean samples are analyzed by both methods, the difference between the two mean values is not statistically significant.


The creators of the real property register emphasise the possibilities of its usage in the field of spatial planning. Since the area of its applicability in this purpose is still rather unknown, the diploma work tries to evaluate the applicability of the real property register for the purposes of spatial planning. The applicability of the real property register data was tested in municipal spatial acts, more precisely, in the municipal spatial plan. For this purpose, first the meaning of expert groundwork in the process of spatial planning and the necessary expert groundwork for each part of the municipal spatial plan were defined. On the basis of original real property register data some expert groundwork was made for the municipal spatial plan of the Železniki Commune. The expert groundwork refers to the display of place network and the appointment of the scattered building and settlement, the areas that need renovation, purposeful usage of the space and the units of space management.


A beam pumping system is of the following characteristics: 1) the rotating speed of the motor changes instantaneously;2) the load torque of a belt-driving unit fluctuates greatly;3) the longitudinal elastic deformation of the belt changes instantaneously.With the belt simplified as two springs of no mass,and with the motor speed fluctuation,the sliding friction between the belt and the pulleys as well as the influences of the belt transmission's instantaneous load torque on the pulley sliding angle and equivalent spring stiffness taken into consideration,a dynamic simulation model of a belt driving unit of a beam pumping system is built.According to the simulation results of the driving-driven pulley's momentary speed and the instantaneous output torque of the motor,the simulation model of belt instantaneous transmission efficiency of beam pumping units is established.Simulation results show that: 1) the motor rotating speed fluctuates periodically,and the higher frequency fluctuation of the motor rotating speed is made by the belt's alternating longitudinal elastic deformation;2) there is a rotating variation loss between the driving-pulley and the driven-pulley,and the belt transmission efficiency is reduced by the driven-pulley speed loss;3) after the system achieves a stable running state,the transmission efficiency of the belt unit changes periodically,and its varying amplitude depends on fluctuating characteristics of the load torque.Average transmission efficiency is decreasing with the load torque increasing,and it is also decreasing with the torque balance degree decreasing;4) belt's average transmission efficiency of a beam pumping unit is usually less than 90%.When the load torque is bigger and the torque balance degree is smaller,it is possible that the average transmission efficiency of the belt driving unit is less than 85%.


This work presents the development of a decision-making strategy for fulfilling the power and heat demands of small residential neighborhoods. The decision on the optimal operation of a microgrid is based on the model predictive control (MPC) rolling horizon. In the design of the residential microgrid, the new approach different technologies, such as photovoltaic (PV) arrays, micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP) units, conventional boilers and heat and electricity storage tanks are considered. Moreover, electricity transfer between the microgrid components and the national grid are possible. The MPC problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The proposed novel approach is applied to two case studies: one without electricity storage, and one integrated microgrid with electricity storage. The results show the benefits of considering the integrated microgrid, as well as the advantage of including electricity storage.


The evolution of the active and ernployed population in the lustrurn 1981-1986 is analysed, rernarking the increasing proccess of the tertiary sector, that is observed in this period.

After that, the functions that are carried out by the diverse city-councils are closely exarnined, under the Nelson's index, in order to stablish a classifications of thern.

The different specializations and thier degree of intensity are connected to the city-councils size and their geographical localization.


We analyze the effects of instruction time and class size on student achievement in Germany. Using econometric evaluation techniques we are able to deal with unobserved heterogeneity in the student body. Specifically we apply first-difference methods and matching across subjects to control for overall student ability and specific skills. We find that an increase in class size reduces the performance of the students, while additional lessons improve the test score achievement. Both effects differ across federal states and individuals: Additional instruction time in states with central exit examinations enhances performance, while there is no effect in states without central exit examinations and more able students profit more from additional lessons as compared to their less able fellow students. We furthermore show that that reductions in class size accompanied by a decrease in instruction time can be a cost neutral instrument to raise student performance in states with central exit examinations.


fina]ly felt compelled to entrust he leadership of the Cerman government was not a De Gau]le or even a Franco, but a fanatic ideologist who was also a political geniusß Professor DorpaJen has based his book on a wide range of unpublished sources [rom the Bundesarchiv in Koblenz, the Hoover library, the archives of the Social Democratic p , and many other document collections He has worked throu h ß g the xtensive paru•u l .•hed historical literature with meticulous th roughness. He has presented his materiM clearly and fairly, and has given us one of the best works in any language dealLug with the history of the Weimar Republic.


Part I: Political Minds Chapter 1: Agendas in Action 3 Chapter 2: Investigating Interests 26 Chapter 3: Machiavellian Minds 44 Part II: Political Issues Chapter 4: Fighting over Sex: Lifestyle Issues and Religion 69 Chapter 5: Rules of the Game: Group Identities and Human Capital 96 Chapter 6: Money Matters: Redistribution and Hard-Times Programs 123 Part III: Political Coalitions Chapter 7: The Many Shades of Red and Blue 145 Chapter 8: The Republican Coalition 160 Chapter 9: The Democratic Coalition 176 Part IV: Political Challenges Chapter 10: An Uncomfortable Take on Political Positions 195 Acknowledgments 217 Appendixes 219 Data Appendix for Chapter 2 219 Data Appendix for Part II 236 Data Appendix for Chapter 4 251 Data Appendix for Chapter 5 268 Data Appendix for Chapter 6 287 Data Appendix for Chapter 8 304 Data Appendix for Chapter 9 321 Notes 343 References 351 Index 359


The methyl torsion and aldehydic hydrogen wagging modes are studied theoretically in thioacetaldehyde, in both ground and first triplet excited states. For this purpose, the potential energy surfaces were determined by ab initio restricted Hartree Fock and unrestricted Hartree Fock calculations with 4–31 basis set +d orbitals on the sulphur atom. The two electronic states were found to have different preferred conformations. The singlet state exhibits a planar eclipsed conformation, whereas the structure of the triplet state is anti‐eclipsed and pyramidal. It was found that a potential function, which was constructed from a symmetry adapted double Fourier expansion of the wagging and torsional coordinates, gave a reasonable fit to the energy points. The two‐dimensional Schrodinger equations for the torsion and wagging motions were solved for both singlet and triplet states, taking into account the internal symmetry and the appropriate basis. The relative band locations and the intensities (Franck–Condon f...


In recent years population forecasts receive increasing interest. Extreme scenarios are frequently misused to serve political interests. However, especially long-term forecasts contain substantial uncertainties. The main focus of this article is on the myth of an impending labour shortage induced by demographic change. As shown, the main challenge for the labour market – even in the long run – will not be a decreasing but an ageing workforce. Coping with such labour market trends requires greater efforts in strengthening "employability".


Abstract Underwater sensor networks (UWSN) for long-term ocean monitoring become hot spots in recent research, but the unique characteristics of underwater acoustic channel bring challenges in medium access control (MAC) protocol design. Most existing approaches are simplex and cannot suit well for all network load cases. We propose HCR, a high efficient MAC protocol for UWSN, which combines the excellences of competition-based and scheme-based protocols, and can suit for all traffic load cases. HCR is a hybrid of TDMA and a random access protocol, and protocols switch dynamically due to the change of traffic load. It is load adaptive, energy efficient and has high network throughput. Some trade-offs and optimization problems are also discussed. Finally, detailed simulations are made to validate the capability and efficiency of HCR.


Summary In the context of surface microseismic processing, a nonlinear stack method, the phase weighted nth root stack, was evaluated and benchmarked against linear stack. From a synthetic analysis, the parameter choice was evaluated to improve the detectability of small amplitude microseismic events. The choice and impact of small exponent values for the nonlinear stack method were confirmed on one stage of a multiwell, multistage hydraulic fracturing in the Marcellus shale formation. Compared to the linear stack, up to 30 % more events were detected and located for this data example.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore whether and how success has been sustained over time in schools which were identified as being successful five years ago.Design/methodology/approach – Three schools were selected for a revisit, and the sample included two combined schools (grade 1‐10) and one upper secondary school (grade 11‐13). In two schools the same principals were still in post, and in the third school there had recently been a change in principalship. Interviews with the principal and a group of teachers at each school were the major source of new data. Questions that guided the study: What structural and cultural changes can be identified within the schools compared with five years ago? What factors might help sustain success over time?Findings – The learning‐centred approach identified earlier had been sustained in the schools during the five years. All principals focused on multiple ways of influencing staff motivation, commitment and working conditions, teamwork was a vital chara...


My most difficult experience of communicating with an older person is still clear in my mind - a 72-year-old man with motor neurone disease who could move only his eyelids and his head a little. He was alert mentally but had lost all speech capabilities. This article ( Miller 2002 ) prompted me to reflect on my 21 years of nursing and this particular patient.


ALTHOUGH the physician is the key figure in the voluntary hospital in this country, hospital organization and administration neither reflect the doctor's actual role nor assign him a role that assu...


In the millennium era, 3D movement of object modeling using graphical computerizing is apart of the interesting and challenging computer animation area. Deformation movement in cartoon character is about the non-uniform movement of the cartoon. Kinematics control or dynamic control is one of the conventional concepts in producing cartoon character animation movement. Integration between kinematics control and unequal shearing in deformation movement modeling are used to deform the walking action. This project aims on angle's change between legs and unequal shearing parameters, that results in deformation movement.


The mechanisms by which salt causes hypertension are poorly understood. We recently found that dendritic cells (DCs), potent antigen presenting cells, sense salt through amiloride‐sensitive channels leading to activation of the NADPH oxidase and formation of immunogenic isolevuglandin (IsoLG)‐protein adducts. DCs cultured in a HS environment and adaptively transferred to mice prime the hypertensive response to a sub‐pressure dose of angiotensin II. To translate our animal finds to humans, we tested the hypothesis that increased NaCl activates human monocytes to a DC‐like inflammatory phenotype. We exposed monocytes from 17 human volunteers to normal physiological NaCl (NS: 150 mM/L), elevated NaCl (HS: 190 mM/L), or an equiosmoloar concentration of mannitol. Exposure of human monocytes to high salt, but not mannitol, increased formation of IsoLG‐adducts (mean fluorescent intensities ‐ NS: 1688±384, Mann: 1762±429, HS: 2381± 635 Mean± SEM, p<0.002) as well as the expression of DC markers including CD83 (NS:0.75±0.2 vs HS: 1.1 ±0.3 %, p=0.03), CD1c (NS:0.42±0.15 vs HS:0.96±0.3%, p=0.01) and CD209 (NS: 3.1±0.8 vs HS:5.2±1.0%, p=0.008), while inhibition of NADPH oxidase with the peptide gp91dstat prevented the increase in CD1c and CD209 expression. Salt also induced production of inflammatory cytokines including IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α. Monocytes exposed to salt drive T cell proliferation measured by KI67 expression (CD8 NS: 678± 108 vs HS:1019 ±151, p=0.02 and CD4 NS:710±110 and HS:1048±157 MFI p=0.02) and production of IL‐17A in both CD8 (intracellular staining: NS: 0.6±0.2 vs HS: 1±0.3 % p=0.01) and CD4 cells (NS: 0.2±0.5 vs HS: 0.4±0.08 % p=0.008). The propensity for monocytes to respond to NaCl was influenced by the patient's risk factors. The increase in IsoLG (HS‐NS) correlated with pulse pressure (mmHg, r=0.51, <0.04), BMI (Kg/m2, r=0.66, p=0.005), total cholesterol (mg/dL, r=0.55, p<0.05) and glucose (mg/dL, r=0.72, p=0.003). In a second cohort of subjects, 70 prehypertensive subjects were recruited and 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI) was used to visualize their skin sodium stores. We found that subjects with higher skin sodium concentration had increased formation of IsoLG‐adducts in their monocytes (NS: 23.7±5.9 HS: 38.8 ± 6.3 % p<0.001) and higher percentage of cells expressing the dendritic cell marker CD83 (NS: 0.04± 0.001 vs HS: 0.12± 0.03 % p=0.04). These data strongly support our in vitro findings showing that the interstitial hypertonicity drives monocytes activation. Our findings suggest that high extracellular NaCl promotes differentiation and activation of monocytes and that these pleotropic inflammatory cells exhibit a previously undefined salt sensitivity corresponding to patients' underlying risk factor profile.


YongSuk Yoo and Yuta Sakamoto University of Connecticut Synopsis: In this paper, we provide the hitherto unnoticed data on numeral classifier constructions in Japanese and Korean, revealing a cross-linguistic interpretational difference that can be attributed to the structural difference within nominal domains in these languages. Interpretational Asymmetry: Both in Japanese [JP] and Korean [KR], numeral classifiers can either precede or follow their host nouns as in (1) and (2). (1) a. Go-nin-no otoko-ga kita. b. Tases-myeng-uy namca-ka wassta. five-CL-GEN man-NOM came five-CL-GEN man-NOM came lit: 'Five man came.' [JP] lit: 'Five man came.' [KR] (2) a. Otoko-ga go-nin kita. b. Namca-ka tases-myeng wassta. man-NOM five-CL came man-NOM five-CL came lit: 'Man five came.' [JP] lit: 'Man five came.' [KR] What has gone unnoticed in the literature is that numeral classifier constructions in Japanese and Korean exhibit an interpretational asymmetry when numeral classifiers follow their host nouns, cf. (2), and the host nouns in question are conjunction as in (4). (3) a. [Go-nin-no otoko-to onna]-ga kita. five-CL-GEN man-and woman-NOM came lit: 'Five man and woman came.' [JP] (✓total; ✓separate) b. [Tases-myeng-uy namca-wa yeca]-ka wassta. five-CL-GEN man-and woman-NOM came lit: 'Five man and woman came.' [KR] (✓total; ✓separate) (4) a. Otoko-to onna-ga go-nin kita. man-and woman-NOM five-CL came lit: 'Man and woman five came.' [JP] (✓total; ✓separate) b. Namca-wa yeca-ka tases-myeng wassta. man-and woman-NOM five-CL came lit: 'Man and woman five came.' [KR] (✓total; ✗separate) In (3), where numeral classifiers precede their host conjoined nouns, there are two interpretations available: both (3a) and (3b) can mean either that the five of men and women came (total interpretation) or that five men and an indefinite number of women came (separate interpretation). By contrast, in (4), where numeral classifiers follow their host conjoined nouns, Japanese (4a) allows the separate interpretation, i.e. that an indefinite number of men and five women came, whereas Korean (4b) does not allow such a reading and only allows the total interpretation. Structural Asymmetry: We argue that the total interpretation and the separate interpretation in (4) are derived from the base structures (5a) and (5b), respectively. (5) a. TOTAL INTERPRETATION b. SEPARATE INTERPRETATION QP &P


Objective To construct the co-expression vector of NaV1.1 and DsRed,and the corresponding vector containg mutated NaV1.1.Methods pCMV-IRES-DsRed vector was digested by restriction enzymes and the lined vector was purified.SCN1A gene was performed from pCMV-SCN1A plasmid.SCN1A gene was cloned into the linearized pCMV-SCN1A-IRES-DsRed vector using In-Fusion technology.The corresponding mutational vector was prepared using site-directed mutagenesis kit.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into HEK293T cells using lipofectamine 2000.NaV1.1 expression in HEK293T cells was detected by western blotting assay.Results Co-expression vectors of DsRed and NaV1.1 or mutated NaV1.1 were successfully constructed and the mutation site in SCN1A was E1623A.Conclusions The constructed co-expression vector of NaV1.1 and DsRed and its mutational plasmid containing SCN1A E1623A mutation may lay a good foundation for SCN1A function study.


Retiform hemangioendotheliomas are extremely rare tumors of vascular origin. Overall incidence of hemangioendothelioma being <1/1000000. They are low grade angiosarcomas with little risk of metastasis. It usually occurs as a single skin or subcutaneous lesion on the trunk or extremities commonly seen in middle aged adults [1] . Due to its rarity no well-defined guidelines are there for its management, follow up and dealing with local recurrence [2] . Therefore we would like to discuss the case of Retiform Hemangioendothelioma over scapular region in an adult lady which presented with its classical features and how it was managed.


Multi-mode planer optical waveguides have been fabricated on PDMS coated glass substrate using off stoichiometry thiolene- epoxy (OSTE+) polymer thin film, by an optical photolithography technique. The light wave-guiding phenomena has been observed in this novel OSTE+ polymer waveguide using prism coupling method. Four discrete propagating optical modes have been observed, upon monochromatic light (635 nm) excitation. These modes were recorded using a USB camera at different angular positions. The evanescent wave absorption of these modes has been exploited for refractive index based photonic sensing applications.


Rudolph A. Marcus, Arthur A. Noyes Professor of Chemistry at California Institute of Technology, has won the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contributions to the theory of electron-transfer reactions in chemical systems, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced last week. Biochemists Edwin G. Krebs and Edmond H. Fischer of the University of Washington, Seattle, share this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries on reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. And physicist Georges Charpak of the European Center for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland, will receive the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the multiwire proportional chamber and other particle detectors used in high-energy physics experiments. In addition to the honorary value of the Nobel prizes, Marcus and Charpak will receive $1.2 million cash awards, and Krebs and Fischer will share that amount. In announcing the chemistry prize, the academy said: "The proce...


In the domestic pig, Sus scrofa, sexual dimorphism, as indicated by the presence of the sex chromatin body, is detectable in neurones of the brain and spinal cord (Cantwell, Johnston & Zeller, 1958; Hay & Moore, 1961; Harvey, 1969). Attempts to detect this feature in non-nervous tissue have, with one exception, failed. Hoshino & Toryu (1958) claimed to be able to demonstrate sexual dimorphism in eleven such tissues but these findings have not been substantiated (Hay & Moore, 1961; Harvey, 1969). During a study on sex chromatin in various tissues including nervous tissue, liver and skin (Harvey, 1969), it was decided to examine foetal tissues including amnion. It was considered that this latter tissue might be suitable for demonstrating sex chromatin, such a feature having been demonstrated in man (Klinger, 1957) and in two domestic species, cattle (M\l=o/\ller& NeimannSorensen, 1957) and sheep (Bruere, 1968). In these three species, a wide variation in frequency of the sex-chromatin body was found, ranging from 85 to 97% in man to 58 to 68% in cattle and 24 to 61% in sheep. In males, the frequency of sex-chromatin-positive cells has been found to be very low in man and sheep but, in cattle, up to 14% ofcells have been found to contain the body. Because of these findings, amniotic membranes in the pig were studied to determine if non-nervous tissues demonstrated sexual dimorphism, to compare the frequency found with that ofother species and also the feasibility ofstudying the sex chromatin content of pig foetuses in experimental work. Pregnant uteri were collected at the Glasgow Slaughter House at various stages of gestation ranging from 30 to 95 days, the age being calculated from the crown-rump length using the formula of Marrable & Ashdown (1967). An incision through the wall of the uterus was made over the foetus situated at the apex of one horn. The membranes were dissected out to expose the amnion. Using a scalpel blade, a stab incision was made through the membrane, the incision being wide enough to permit the entrance into the amniotic sac of a l-in.-wide alcohol-cleaned microscope slide. The slide was pushed under the amnion until approximately three-quarters of the length was covered by mem¬ brane. A sufficient area of membrane was then cut off to allow for part of the amnion to be reflected onto the underside of the slide, thus ensuring firmer attachment to the glass. Care was taken to remove any air bubbles trapped under the amnion before fixing in Papanicolau's fixative for 24 hr. This process of dissection was repeated for each foetus. Staining was carried out using


The anchorage performance of a new clamping anchor system for CFRP rods was studied by a series of 35 pullout tests. The test parameters included the bonded length, pre-tightening forces and number of clamping bolts, and surface treatment of CFRP rod. Three types of failure modes were observed during test loading, namely fracture, slip and pullout of CFRP rod, respectively. Test results showed that the ultimate load increased as the bonded length increased, whereas the average bond strength decreased. With the increasing of total pretightening forces of clamping bolts, the ultimate load of specimen increased to a peak value and then decreased. A larger number of clamping bolts could enhance the performance of clamping anchor. The initial slip was postponed and the ultimate load increased when the rod was treated with surface grinding in advance. It was indicated that the clamping anchor can achieve satisfactory performance by properly arranging the parameters. The suitable configurations of clamping anchor, the level of pre-tightening forces and their favorable distribution of bolts are proposed based on the test results.


This research focused on the importance of user context in designing learning and support in an online learning environment since the increase of the use of online learning
environment had produced several problems and perceptions among students. Therefore, user support system is a significant element in designing an online learning system. The study involved the processes of designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating the online learning environment and a corresponding support system for a digital graphics domain, based on a user-centred construction. In addition, the focus was on supporting the
students in dealing with learning problems and technical difficulties during the online learning session.

The research consisted of three stages. The first stage involved the process of gathering information regarding the user needs and their points of view toward the designs of the online learning system. Most recent models on web development only focus on tools development and learning theories without emphasising on the learner's points of view and user centred approach. Therefore, in this study, a user-centred design was used to involve the learners in the design process. In doing so, the SUNA (Scenario User Needs Analysis) and Activity Theory frameworks were used in identifying learner needs in their particular context and implementing them into the system.

The second stage of the study provided the framework to support the iterative process of designing and evaluating the user's needs. The online learning system was duly developed, based on the outcomes of the iterative design process. Two cycles of iterative process were
implemented in order to validate the user needs and to test the system functionality. Finally, the modification process was made and the final system was produced.

The third stage involved the implementation and evaluation of the system through online distance learning students in Malaysia. The aim was to investigate what the students had
learnt from the system, how the students learnt using the system, how they made use of the tools for learning and the contribution of the system and support to their learning outcomes. The Activity Theory framework was used to analyse the interaction between the learners and their learning environment. The outcomes of the analysis were presented as case studies to determine the interaction of the students with their surrounding artefacts such as tools, community, rules and division of labour.

The results of the study indicated that the system was effectively design in catering different learners' perspectives in the online learning environment. This finding is interesting, as it highlighted the system capability in fulfilling the learners' needs within
their context. The case studies revealed that every student had different learning strategies and patterns of usage of the tools, when exploring the system. The meaningful interaction of the students in the case studies revealed that the system successfully helped the learners
to understand the basic concept of digital graphics. The findings of the research also suggested that the learners have achieved their learning objectives by integrating their
knowledge into the course assignments. It also suggested that the system and the support system had contributed to their learning by providing the students with various scaffolding facilities. The major contributions of this research are: a) the design provides effective
learner support in an online environment b) the design provides evidence that it fulfils the learner's needs in the context of learning digital graphics.


asked in die first edition of die book are still topical. The question of guilt, for example, debated during the war by people like Brecht and the theologian Paul Tillich, Einstein, Hans Morgenthau, and Thomas Mann, continues today; most recently there is the question of Jewish wealth in Swiss banks and French complicity in Nazi racial policy. As the influence of the political left has declined in this country, the views of the conservative German émigré Leo Strauss (a man who "identified" with heroes, the Great Men of the West) have found new life through the prominence of his "disciples" today, who, according to Heilbut, include Irving and William Kristol, Robert Bork, and Justice Antonin Scalia. True, the influence ofHerbert Marcuse on students today has subsided (in comparison with the "revolutionary" students and hippie culture of the 1960s), just as the "boom" during die 1980s of the Frankfurt School in American universities has also begun to fade. Hannah Arendt's influence on scholars is no longer so obvious, and Thomas Mann's stature has been diminished by the publication of his diaries and by recent biographies. But on the other hand, the music of Kurt Weill and Hanns Eisler is still performed, John Heartfield's montage technique is still imitated by illustrators, the "social purpose" of the Bauhaus style continues to inspire some contemporary architects, and Arnold Schoenberg remains "the century's most influential composer" (493). Another contribution that the German refugee artists and intellectuals made to American culture, one that has only become evident since 1983, is in the area ofgay consciousness; the author cites not only the "gender-bending" image of performers like Marlene Dietrich, but, more importantly, the Marxist-Freudian writings of Herbert Marcuse and the diaries of Thomas Mann. *


In resent years, colleges and universities have become an important composing part of scientific and technical pioneering system in our country. Strengthening scientific research and promoting the trovns formation of scientific and technical achievement will promote the industrifying of high-gradce technology and promote the development of national economy.


L2 researchers and educators have contemplated the effect of authenticity in how it relates to materials and tasks, but this playground item explores the concept of authentic L2 use, what is it? How can it be promoted? And is it valuable


Fractional integral operators play a vital role in the advancement of mathematical inequalities. The aim of this paper is to present the Hadamard and the Fej er-Hadamard inequalities for generalized fractional integral operators con- taining Mittag-Le er function. Exponentially m-convexity is utilized to establish these inequalities. By xing parameters involved in the Mittag-Le er function Hadamard and the Fej er-Hadamard inequalities for various well known fractional integral operators can be obtained.


Various plans and project which are related to environment have been presented previously and are still being developed world-wide. Certainly, media art is not an exception, thus relativity surrounding environment, ecology and art has been continuously maintained. Especially, sustainable plans and projects within media art generate a vision of how environmental concerns, such as global warming, pollution, diminishing natural resources, will effect ecological changes in city. This paper examines the way how that vision of ecological sustainability within media art will be achieved and developed and how media art can connect itself to understanding of the term, ecological sustainability such as climate change within the context of the environmental issues. Furthermore, this paper is intended to find out the direction where the current media art is heading, referring to the several cases of research-based projects. Particularly, it attempts to suggest the futuristic role of the media art as one of the possible solutions to the ecology in the conjunction with society and culture, by analyzing the cases where the media is coping with and is expressing the environmental issues. Different facets of ecological approaches in media art fields will be considered, and particular ecological perspective within media art projects in order to rethink ecological mechanism in current age will be suggested. In essence, the aim of this research is to explore one of the answers to the following question, "What can be done for the society in changing ecology by media artist based on digital media in the midst of technology era?"


Two methods of N-substitution were applied to 5-arylidene-6-methyl-3-(4H)-pyridazinones. The resulting derivatives were tested in order to determine the area of pharmacological activity. Most compounds exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic activity. Introduction of a benzoyl substituent in the 2-position of the pyridazinone ring 2j induced the most potent activity.


This note presents findings from the Cedefop-project on the 'Changing nature and role of VET in Europe'(). Based on a multi-faceted () analysis of developments during the last two decades, the aim of the project is to contribute to a better understanding of the challenges facing European VET today. The project supports the ongoing European cooperation in VET, initiated through the 2002 Copenhagen-process and currently taken forward through the Education and Training 2020 cooperation framework. This note () will briefly discuss the following questions:


Ashwini Joshi, Vijay Kumar Karma Abstract—Gearing is the special division of Mechanical Engineering concerned with the transmission of power and motion between the rotating shafts. Gears not only transmit motion and enormous power satisfactorily, but can do so with very uniform motion. It is the best and the economical means of achieving this transmission. Gear teeth fails due to the static and the dynamic loads acting over it, also the contact between the two meting gears causes the surface failures. The gear fails without any warning and the results due to this failure are catastrophic. Since the requirements are broad and are of varying difficulty, gearing is a complex and diversified field of engineering. It includes gear mathematics, geometrical design, strength and wear, material and metallurgy, fabrication and inspection. Therefore for all the reasons mentioned, this work is of more practical importance. To get the gear of more durability we can use improved material, hardening the gear surfaces with heat treatment and carburization, shot penning can be done to improve the surface finish, to change the pressure angle by using asymmetric teeth, introducing the stress relieving features of different shape, changing the addendum of the spur gear and altering the design of root fillet are the other methods.Present work deals with the effect on gear strength with variation of root fillet design using FEA. Circular root fillet design is considered for analysis. The loading is done at the highest point of single tooth contact (HPSTC).


Summary (1) The inflammatory reactions resulting from thermal injuries were compared in cortisone-treated animals with those in untreated controls. (2) Diapedesis, capillary hemorrhages and edema were quantitatively much less in the cortisone-treated animals. Hyperemia and leukocytic infiltration also were less in degree but the difference in these items was not so marked as in diapedesis, hemorrhages and edema. (3) There is acceptable evidence that the corticoid hormones increase the resistance of capillary walls. The authors believe that this effect reduces the degree of each of the features in the inflammatory reaction.


Characteristics of 686 patients with the diagnosis of metastatic cancer of unknown primary site are examined. Average age of the series is 60.2 years and ratio of males to females is 58:42. Bones, lungs, and liver are the common sites of metastases, and adenocarcinoma, carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma are the most common histologic types. Survival for all patients is: 2‐year 10.4%, 5‐year 5.1%, and 10‐year 3.3%. Average age of the 27 patients surviving 5 years or longer is 52.5 years of the 14 patients of this latter group now dead, only 2 died of cancer. Speculation about both elusive primary tumors and occasional long survival must include primary tumors too small to be found at either clinical examination or autopsy, inadvertent removal or destruction of primary earlier by physician or sloughing by host, or destruction or containment of tumor by host defense mechanisms.


Ventilation networks in coal mines serve the critical task of maintaining mine safety production. Due to the objective of controlling fluid flows, mine ventilation networks are high-order nonlinear systems, it is very difficult to carry on the controller design directly. Previous efforts on this topic were based on multivariable linear models. This paper provides one kind modeling method based on the electric circuit graph theory, establishes the mine ventilation system's fluid network model, and a design method of feedback linearization is proposed based on this model, and asymptotic stability of the system is achieved, realizes ventilation system's accuracy control through controlling mine air flow and pressure.


High concentration copper sulfate solution was prepared by solvent extraction using leaching solution of low grade copper ore.The major factors of affecting extraction and back-extraction were discussed.The better technological conditions were obtained.


The article considers the organization of trainings with the use of gymnastic platforms during physical training sessions in the autumn-winter period of female cadets training in the Military Institute. It was found that during the training sessions in gender-based mixed groups, female military personnel did not always have sufficient workload and positive training effect. This is due to the different content of the exercises for the military men and women, as well as the significant difference in their level of preparedness. It is proposed to use the exercises on gymnastic platforms during physical training sessions in gender-based groups for female cadets. These exercises were carried out during practical training sessions. The experiment lasted for four months. The experiment involved 29 female cadets in an experimental and control group. As the main means of training were used: the basic step of getting on the platform, step with raising the leg, attached steps, jumping. The duration of the individual exercise on the platforms increased gradually from 15-20 seconds in the first month of training to 2 minutes in the fourth month of training. The exercise on the platforms was combined with exercises for the development of strength qualities and exercises for flexibility.
The results of the experiment revealed a reliable improvement in the speed and strength endurance of the control group cadets. The overall endurance of female cadets in both groups deteriorated during the experiment (p≥0.05). The lower rate of deterioration was observed among the cadets of the experimental group. Positive feedback on the conduct of physical training using gymnastic platforms indicates an increase in the motivation of female cadets to physical improvement.


The starting point for Udi Lebel's and Eyal Lewin's six-chapter examination of the effects of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war is the 1967 "Six Day" war, as it was the huge triumph of Israeli military power in June 1967 that is said to have triggered a new mood in Israeli life, one of messianic (religious) Zionist settlers and Rightist politics embodied in Likud's coming to power in 1977. This destroyed the old centrist Labour consensus that had run the country since 1948. The contributors to this volume re-imagine continuity and change in Israel by way of the impact of the 1973 "Yom Kippur" war, and they do so in imaginative ways: popular protest, religion, grief and memory, the media's relationship to "security," attitudes to prisoners-of-war (POWs) and the missing-in-action, and the national ethos. The argument tying the chapters together is that the 1973 war profoundly changed Israeli domestic politics and upset popular faith in their leaders, largely because Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) were badly defeated in the first few days of an existential war – from which they recovered but the damage had by then been done to national pride – with heavy casualties of some 2500 Israeli dead, alongside hundreds taken prisoner by the Egyptians and Syrians. There are echoes here of America and the Vietnam war, another messy conflict with no clear victory that tested notions of guaranteed united home-front support for US fighting forces. While some of the chapters are a little dense and corrupted by recondite academic language – the best parts of the text for this reviewer were the rich empirical detail that will appeal to historians – they are all lively, informed, and thought provoking. For the first time, Israeli combatants protested a war and in doing so they broke the


In situ testing in geotechnical engineering has traditionally been carried out using relatively heavy equipment. Smaller soil exploration equipment allow the use of the cone penetration test (CPT) to be used for some geotechnical work with difficult or limited access. Anchored soil probing units have been used to perform CPT in many areas of the Lithuania. Anchoring is straightforward and three well-placed anchors can provide up to eight tons of reaction force. Soil probing machine have been used for geotechnical testing in many different soil types across the Lithuania. Lightweight soil probing unit will increasingly be used to push CPT probes because of their relatively low mobilization costs and because of the large number of units that are available to project planners. 2nd International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, Huntington Beach, CA, USA, May 2010


This paper examines sovereign credit default swaps (CDSs), which have attracted attention since the emergence of the fiscal deficit problem in Greece, with particular focus on the expansion of the sovereign CDS market, the relationship between CDS premiums and fiscal risk variables, and the international co-movement of CDS premiums. The analysis reveals the following: (1) CDS transaction volume has recently expanded rapidly, mainly reflecting the significant increase in fiscal expenditure in some countries and the heightened awareness of European sovereign risk; (2) however, the degree of interrelation between CDS premiums and actual fiscal risk varies by country; and (3) concerns over sovereign risk in some continental European countries may have spilled over to other countries, as seen in the increase in the international co-movement of CDS premiums among major countries.


Carrier phase information is necessary for accurate measurements in global positioning system (GPS) applications. This paper presents a novel intelligent GPS carrier tracking loop with variable‐bandwidth characteristics for fast acquisition and better tracking capability in the presence of dynamic environments. Our dual‐loop receiver is composed of a frequency‐locked loop‐assisted phase‐locked loop structure, the fuzzy controllers (FCs), and the ATAN discriminator functions. The soft‐computing FCs provide the time‐varying loop gains to perform accurate and reliable control of the dual‐loop paradigm. Once the phase dynamic errors become large under kinematic conditions, the fuzzy loop gains increase adaptively and achieve rapid acquisition. On the other hand, when the tracking errors approach zero in the steady state, the loop gains decrease and the corresponding dual‐loop receiver returns to a narrowband system. Four types of carrier phase signals, i.e. phase offset, decaying sinusoidal phase jitter, frequency offset, and frequency ramp offset, are considered to emulate realistic mobile circumstances. Simulation results show that our proposed receiver does achieve a superior performance over conventional tracking loops in terms of faster settling time and wider acquisition range while preventing the occurrence of cycle slips. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Given the diversity of cloud forcing mechanisms, it is difficult to classify and characterize all cloud types through the depth of a specific troposphere. Importantly, different cloud families often coexist even at the same atmospheric level. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing machine learning-based cloud forecast models to fuse numerical weather prediction model and satellite data. These models were built for the dual purpose of understanding numerical weather prediction model error trends as well as improving the accuracy and sensitivity of the forecasts. The framework implements a Unet-Convolutional Neural Network (UNet-CNN) with features extracted from clouds observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-16) as well as clouds predicted by the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). The fundamental idea behind this novel framework is the application of UNetCNN for separate variable sets extracted from GOES-16 and COAMPS to characterize and predict broad families of clouds that share similar physical characteristics. A quantitative assessment and evaluation based on an independent dataset for upper tropospheric (high) clouds suggests that UNet-CNN models capture the complexity and error trends of combined data from GOES-16 and COAMPS, and also improve forecast accuracy and sensitivity for different lead time forecasts (3-12 hours). This paper includes an overview of the machine learning frameworks as well as an illustrative example of their application, a comparative assessment of results for upper tropospheric clouds. 2 Accepted for publication in Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems. DOI 10.1175/AIES-D-22-0072.1. Unauthenticated | Downloaded 06/08/23 12:35 AM UTC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Clouds are difficult to forecast because they require, in addition to spatial location, accurate height, depth, and cloud type. Satellite imagery is useful for verifying geographical location, but is limited by 2D technology. Multiple cloud types can coexist at various heights within the same pixel. In this situation, cloud/no cloud verification does not convey much information about why the forecast went wrong. Sorting clouds by physical attributes such as cloud top height, atmospheric stability and cloud thickness contributes to a better understanding since very different physical mechanisms produce various types of clouds. Using a fusion of numerical model outputs and GOES-16 observations, we derive variables related to atmospheric conditions that form and move the clouds for our Machine learning-based cloud forecast. The resulting verification over the US Mid-Atlantic region revealed our machine learning-based cloud forecast corrects systematic errors associated with high atmospheric clouds, and provides accurate and consistent cloud forecasts from 3−12 hour lead times.


Citrus fruits are agroindustrial resources of great importance due to their high demand and consumption in the world, in fresh and / or processed. Despite this importance, the levels of loss in post-harvest, caused mainly by fungal diseases such as mold or green rot (Penicillium digitatum), can reach up to 90 percent. For con- trol of P. digitatum, the main treatments are chemical applications with synthetic fungicides that may affect human health and environment, therefore efficient alternative methods such as microbial biological control, low toxicity chemicals and botanicals extracts are being considerated. On this base, the present work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the effect of biological control of tannins from a green banana plant extract (Musa Paradisiaca) Cavendish varie- ty against rot caused by P. digitatum in commercial orange (Citrus sinensis) Valencia variety and mandarin (Citrus reticulata) Blanco variety. To measure the control effect, different concentrations of the extract green banana peel of 1000, 800, 600, 400 and 200 ppm were evaluated in in vivo with artificial inoculations of the pathogen for 22 days. These treatments were compared to an ab- solute control without treatment and the commercial fungicide Thiabendazole. The results obtained showed that the banana extract evaluated in different concentrations is not effective in reducing the pathogen growth compared to the untreated control in mandarin. In the case of orange, the extract evaluated in different concentrations showed reduction of growth on P. digitatum in comparison with the control, being the best treatment in concentration of 1000 ppm, with a reduction of 52.98 percent of the average of the radial growth of the fungus compared to the control and its biological activity was like the control effect of the commercial fungicide. Based on the results it was concluded that it is possible to relate the reduction growth of P. digitatum in mandarin and orange due to the tannins present in the green banana extract.


This article reviews the available literature on major theoretical explanations for understanding engagement by focusing on the stages and circumstances of male perpetrators' involvement in domestic violence interventions. The review aims to improve the insights into theoretical accounts by conceptualising the perspectives of participants' motivational influences in changing violent behaviour in domestic violence perpetrator programmes. This article applied a critical literature review to explore theoretical explanations of engagement in domestic violence perpetrator interventions. Various factors in relation to theoretical conceptualisations are identified since different conditions can impact on perpetrators' engagement. This theoretical overview is helpful to recognise how these theories and models enable us to understand how key circumstances impact the effectiveness of their involvement in interventions. This article attempts to provide an integrated framework for understanding domestic abusers' engagement process in intervention programs and suggests approaches that will increase engagement and subsequent behaviour change.


Using by the x-ray diffractometry(XRD), the thermomagnetic analysis(TMA), a scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), we knew that the (Sm_(0.5)RE_(0.5))Fe₁₁Ti (RE=Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) compounds were formed to tetragonal ThMn₁₂-type structure having a uniaxial magneto crystalline anisotropy with easy magnetization c-axis. The intrinsic magnetic properties of those were determined by fitting the two magnetization curves of experimental and calculation magnetization. The anisotropy constant K₁ of this compounds was in the range of 1.75 - 9.2 MJ/㎥ and approximately one order higher than K₂.. SmFe₁₁Ti had the highest anisotropy of K₁ = 9.2 MJ/㎥, K₂= 0.4 MJ/㎥ and μ_oH_A = 19.8 T among the compounds, substitution of any other rare earth elements for Sm decreased magnetocrystalline anisotropy.