We have previously reported that caffeine prevented sleep deprivation‐induced impairment of long‐term potentiation (LTP) of area CA1 as well as hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory performance in the radial arm water maze. In this report we examined the impact of long‐term (4‐week) caffeine consumption (0.3 g/L in drinking water) on synaptic plasticity ( Alhaider et al., 2010 ) deficit in the dentate gyrus (DG) area of acutely sleep‐deprived rats. The sleep deprivation and caffeine/sleep deprivation groups were sleep‐deprived for 24 h by using the columns‐in‐water technique. We tested the effect of caffeine and/or sleep deprivation on LTP and measured the basal levels as well as stimulated levels of LTP‐related molecules in the DG. The results showed that chronic caffeine administration prevented the impairment of early‐phase LTP (E‐LTP) in the DG of sleep‐deprived rats. Additionally, chronic caffeine treatment prevented the sleep deprivation‐associated decreases in the basal levels of the phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (P‐CaMKII) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as in the stimulated levels of P‐CaMKII in the DG area. The results suggest that chronic use of caffeine prevented anomalous changes in the basal levels of P‐CaMKII and BDNF associated with sleep deprivation and as a result contributes to the revival of LTP in the DG region.


This paper introduces an active buck-boost inverter with various line conditions and working in both buck and boost modes. Inverter is developed with full bridge and boost AC/AC unit. The circuit is composed of active switches and both stages share the same inductor and capacitor. This inverter gives a high efficiency and low cost. It is used in inverter air conditioner applications. This control scheme provides low power consumption. Operational analysis of both buck and boost modes are presented, and the modulation applied in the ABI is also developed. Simulation results are included to verify this topology.


A 2D electron-longitudinal-acoustic-phonon interaction Hamiltonian is derived and used to calculate the ground-state energy of the acoustic polarons in two dimensions. The numerical results for the ground-state energy of the acoustic polarons in two and three dimensions are obtained. The 3D results agree with those obtained by using the Feynman path-integral approach. It is found that the critical coupling constant of the transition from the quasifree state to the self-trapped state in the 2D case is much smaller than in the 3D case for a given cutoff wave-vector. The theory has been used to judge the possibility of the self-trapping for several real materials. The results indicate that the self-trappings of the electrons in AlN and the holes in AlN and GaN are expected to be observed in 2D systems.


The reduction in wind noise is increasingly important to vehicle designers as overall vehicle refinement increases. Customers often fit accessories such as roof bars to vehicles, with the aerodynamic interaction of these components generating aeroacoustic noise sources. These are often tonal in nature and of particular annoyance to occupants. Sensors for automated driving fitted to future vehicles may also have a similar detrimental effect on vehicle refinement. Therefore, careful design of such components is important to minimise dissatisfaction. This paper presents the combined application of acoustic beamforming in a full-scale aeroacoustic wind tunnel and the use of a Lattice Boltzmann Method CFD code to characterise the aeroacoustic performance of a roof bar design when fitted to a production vehicle. The use of large microphone arrays within a wind tunnel allows the visualisation of noise sources generated by the flow over a vehicle, with correlation techniques utilised to identify those sources most relevant to occupants. The use of a validated CFD code allows further visualisation of the noise sources virtually, with additional benefits when used in advance of prototype parts being available. A series-production vehicle and roof bar paring were assessed, before deliberately inducing several aeroacoustic error states that may occur during roof bar development. These were analysed using visualisation techniques in both wind tunnel and CFD simulation. A range of aeroacoustic sources were identified, including tonal sources due to vortex shedding and acoustic resonance, as well as broadband sources from the interaction of the roof bars and mountings with flow structures formed over the vehicle. The paper concludes by highlighting key considerations when designing low-noise roof bars.


Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has
been used to study the immunopathogenesis
of several respiratory diseases. The aim of our
study was to determine the inflammatory
changes occurring at the site of a tuberculous
lesion in the lung in children.


Dear Sir, In 2014, you published the "Principles of treatment and update of recommendations for the management of haemophilia and congenital bleeding disorders in Italy", produced by the Italian Association of Haemophilia Centre (AICE Associazione Italiana Centri Emofilia) Directors1. The choice of the type of product for replacement therapy in persons with haemophilia A is a milestone in their care, conditioning the risk of transmission of infectious agents and that of developing factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors. In particular, AICE recommended choosing recombinant FVIII in previously untreated patients, minimally treated patients and previously treated patients exclusively exposed to recombinant FVIII products. In addition, recombinant products were recommended for human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with clinical signs of immune deficiency and for previously treated patients exposed to plasma-derived concentrates but not infected by hepatitis C virus or who had cleared the virus spontaneously or following antiviral treatment. Among the latter patients, those being treated with a plasma-derived FVIII product were encouraged to continue its use on the basis of decisions jointly taken with their physicians. Furthermore, previously treated patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV-RNA virus positive) or positive for human immunodeficiency virus but without signs of immune deficiency could continue on the plasma-derived or recombinant product they were then using, according to decisions shared with their physicians. On the basis of this AICE scenario, plasma-derived FVIII concentrates were recommended for a minority of persons with haemophilia A. With this preamble, a significant increase in the demand for plasma-derived FVIII was recorded between 2011 and 2014 in Italy2. In 2014, the overall demand for FVIII (recombinant plus plasma-derived) was as high as 547 million IU (9 IU per capita), one of the highest in Europe (Figure 1) even though with a large variability across the Italian regions (range: 4.3-13.3 IU per capita) (Figure 2). The amount of plasma-derived FVIII accounted for about 147 million IU (around 27% of the total demand), with an increase of 58% in comparison with the consumption recorded in 2011.


This paper, starting from the viewpoint that inter-and intra-lingual translations focus on spiritual spatiality, is intended to analyze the framework and nature of the implicative existing between the two spirits in cross-cultural communication. It also argues that interlingual translation, as a special form of its intralingual counterpart, is produced out of the cross-culturality of cultures, a need of Man's self in crossing the borders or limitations of contextual giveness.


Recently, charge radii and ground-state electromagnetic moments of Li and Be isotopes were measured precisely. We have performed large-scale ab initio no-core shell model calculations for these isotopes using high-precision nucleon-nucleon potentials. Our computed charge radii, quadrupole and magnetic-dipole moments are in a good agreement with the measurements with the exception of the {sup 11}Li charge radius. The overall trends of all observables are well reproduced. The magnetic moments are in particular well described. Also, we are able to reproduce the small magnitude of the {sup 6}Li quadrupole moment and with the CD-Bonn NN potential also its correct sign.


This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of hip and groin injuries in football players using the HAGOS questionnaire in association with the flexibility and the agility of the player. To check the prevalence HAGOS questionnaire was used, for flexibility the Sit and Reach test and for agility the Illinois Agility test. The variable factors of the study were the age of the player, the hours and years of practice and the level of sports. The results of the study show that there was prevalence of hip and groin injuries also a significant co-relation was found between HAGOS and flexibility and HAGOS and agility. Index Terms HAGOS, Sit and Reach test, Illinois Agility test, Hip and Groin injuries, Football.


Peripheral blood from normal humans and patients with circulating atypical mononuclear cells have been studied for their ability to form granulocytic colonies in vitro in the agar-gel method of hematopoietic cell culture. WBC from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia failed to proliferate. Normal human white blood cells gave rise to 0.5-8 colonies per 1 x 106 cells plated, while peripheral blood containing large mononuclear cells gave rise to 15 to 120 colonies per 1 x 106 cells plated, depending upon the number of such cells plated. Colonies averaged 500 cells in size by day 20 of culture and appeared to be granulocytic.


Vast quantities of solid CO2 reside in topographic basins of the south polar layered deposits (SPLD) on Mars and exhibit morphological features indicative of glacial flow. Previous experimental studies showed that CO2 ice is 1–2 orders of magnitude weaker than water ice under Martian polar conditions. Here we present data from deformation experiments on pure, fine‐grained CO2 ice, over a broader range of temperatures than previously explored (158–213 K). The experiments confirm previous observations of highly nonlinear power law creep at larger stresses, but also show a transition to a previously unseen linear‐viscous creep regime at lower stresses. We examine the viscosity of CO2 within the SPLD and predict that the CO2‐rich deposits are modestly stronger than previously thought. Nevertheless, CO2 ice flows much more readily than H2O ice, particularly on the steep flanks of SPLD topographic basins, allowing the CO2 to pond as observed.


The determination of the chromosome numbers of species of Physaria (Brassicaceae) are of interest as part of a breeding program to develop new industrial oilseeds and to further our knowledge of the genus in general. Polyploid plants could be useful in generating novel and improved breeding populations. We report 47 meiotic chromosome number determinations for 19 species of Physaria. The first chromosome number is reported for P. kingii subsp. kaibabensis as 2n = 5 II, and the first report of polyploidy in Physaria kingii susbsp. latifolia with a tetraploid determination of 2n = 10 II. A determination of 2n = 23 II is reported for Physaria mendocina, which was previously reported as 2n = ca. 50, which results in a new base number for the genus of x = 23.


The generation of words and the development of word meaning both have metaphor,therefore,in the course of teaching college English vocabulary,teachers should attach importance to the understanding of the metaphor in both languages to promote the comprehension of metaphors and improve the efficiency of vocabulary learning.


The Study analyzes the energy request amount, the energy need amount, the new refreshing energy outturn, the CO2 discharge amount for understanding the energy flow and proposes invigorating the way of the green home. This study draws following conclusions from HIP green home analysis. The mock-up house that has the ability to accomodate 2.5L is analysed to inadequate to satisfaction of whole energy for installing the new refreshing energy and whole energy used amount is analysed to reduce 12points in Heating energy. Using of the green home ought to activate by zero of the cooling/heating energy from highly efficient insulation, highly air-tight windows, natural ventilation, insulation of the roof, green finishing of the passive energy and photovoltaic system, Geothermal System, LED lighting, Heat Recovery Ventilator of the active energy.


On the foundation of confidence factors spreading,a method for intuitionistic fuzzy approximate inference based on similarity measure with weight are exposed.First,the defaults of the existing methods are analyzed.Then to the three format of intuitionistic fuzzy approximate inference with reliability in details,all the attributes in intuitionistic fuzzy sets are considered,that is membership,non-membership and hesitancy degree,that affect the similarity measure,a similarity measure method with weight is put forward,which would be used into intuitionistic fuzzy approximate inference.At last,validate the rationality and feasibility of the method by examples and comparing with other kin inference methods.


Background: Tumor infiltrating myeloid cells (TIM) constitute a vital element of the tumor microenvironment. The cell - type heterogeneity of TIM has yet to be fully investigated. Methods: We used a time saving approach to generate a single - cell reference matrix, allowing quantification of cell - type proportions and cell - type - specific gene abundances in bulk RNA - seq data. Results: Two distinct clusters, MSC1 and MSC2 (MSC subtype) were newly identified in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, both significantly associated with overall survival and immune blockade therapy responses. Twenty myeloid cell types were detected. Thirteen of these had distinct enrichment patterns between MSC1 and MSC2. LAMP3+ dendritic cells, being a mature and transportable subtype of dendritic cell which may migrate to lymph nodes, were noted as associated with non - responsiveness to immunotargeted therapy. High infiltration level of IFIT3+ neutrophils was strongly related to the response to immune targeted therapy and was seen to activate CD8+ T cells, partly through inflammasome activation. The infiltration levels of TIMP1+ macrophages and S100A8+ neutrophils were both significantly associated with poor prognosis. TIMP1+ macrophages were noted to recruit S100A8+ neutrophils via the CXCL5 - CXCR2 axes and promote LUAD progression. Conclusion: Altogether, we performed virtual micro - dissection of the bulk transcriptome at single - cell resolution and provided a promising TIM infiltration landscape that may shed new light on the development of immune therapy.


Quality‐based design optimization is a process consisting of factor identification, finding an empirical/physical model between responses and factors, and finding a factor setting leading to the best quality levels. Response surface methodology is a well‐grounded data‐driven approach that applies a collection of statistical‐mathematical techniques to achieve the design requirements. Today's complex systems are usually affected by nuisance factors and have more than one output characteristic with some degree of correlation. This study aims to develop two‐stage stochastic programming for a multi‐response optimization model based on the degree of conformance as the most comprehensive metric for such design problems. The proposed approach can include the model imprecision in the optimization procedure using the probabilistic properties of the estimated parameters. This method would be applied in highly sensitive processes or costly operations that require a more accurate setting to avoid extra reworks or scraps. A simulated annealing algorithm with a boosted scenario checking modification has been applied to cope with the expensive computations for problem instances with a large sample size of uncertain parameters. The proposed model has also analyzed two cases from the literature, and the results support its superiority compared to the existing approaches.


Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the important means in the study of surface dynamics during complex electrodes reaction. Two signal techniques are used in the EIS: the frequency-domain and time-domain techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement based on the fast Fourier transformation (FFT), which can probe transient electrochemical processes, is highly regarded in recent years because of its significant advantages, such as small disturbances to the electrochemical systems, high test speed, and accurate result in the low-frequency test. However, problems involving signal procession have always existed, such as unperfect signal period. This paper focuses primarily on the signal reconstruction step before the FFT processing. In this paper, the cubic spline interpolation will be used and discussed.


The purpose of the study was to explore the influence of language use on Junior High School students' understanding of the conceptual understanding of some mathematical concepts used by teachers in and out of Mathematics context. It is believed that acquisition of mathematical ability is a subtle process, but dialogue between the learner and teacher is imperative and this depends on effective communication.  The study was a descriptive survey that used the mixed methods approach. Direct classroom observation, focus group interview, as well as content analyses of the participants' verbatim classroom talk, and questionnaires were used for data collection. The findings have revealed that instructional language in Mathematics classroom at the JHS can be a major influence on the level of students' understanding and retention of Mathematics concepts. Evidence was seen in Mathematics teachers' lack of explicit awareness of functional values of some Mathematics concept; Minus verses Negative', 'Simplify verses Reduce', 'Average verses Mean', 'Breadth verses Breathe', 'Whole verses Hole', 'Similarity verses Congruence', etc which lead to misunderstanding and misinterpretation of mathematical tasks. It was recommended that rigorous in-service training on appropriate use of mathematical language should be organized for basic school teachers to equip them for effective teaching and learning of Mathematics in Junior High schools in Ghana. Mathematics experts with education background should also be employed by the government to write Mathematics textbook with appropriate vocabulary of language. Keywords: language use, conceptual understanding, mathematics concepts, instructional approach.


Abstract— An action spectrum was obtained for photoreactivation of killing (PR) of Streptomyces griseus conidia. This spectrum shows a major peak around 436 nm, originally observed by A. Kelner, and a secondary peak at 313 nm not previously reported. The rate of PR shows a strong dependence upon temperature and dose rate of the PR light at 436 nm, but this decreases to only a slight dependence upon these parameters at 313 nm. These findings suggested that PR at 436 nm in this organism is of the usual photoenzymatic type, but that PR at 313 nm might be of a different kind.


Coal fly ash (CFA) can be regarded as a unique material with the potential to be a showcase waste to illustrate the concept of the circular economy. The application of a processing scheme to power station CFA allows the exploitation of multiple components of the product. The CFA can be separated into low density, carbon, and magnetic concentrates as well as the residual fly ashes. This work contributes to a growing body of research that suggests multi component utilisation of CFA is technologically, environmentally, and economically imperative. The thesis explores five separate but related themes that attempt to increase the exploitation of CFA. In the first it is shown that CFA products that are derived from a commercial scale processing scheme exhibit differences in bulk chemistry, mineralogy, and particle size. In the second theme, a study of the rheology of CFA suspensions was conducted. The third aspect of the thesis explores the current method of recovering cenospheres from bulk CFA. The fourth part of the thesis covers the separation of carbon from CFA using an environmentally benign waste material such as vegetable oil. Finally, a silver activated titanium dioxide floating photocatalyst has been manufactured using cenospheres as an industrially derived substrate.


Objective: To study the situation about infectious indicators of blood-test in the groups of voluntary antemarital examination after the new Marriage Registration Ordinance was implemented. Methods:To detect the infectious indicators such as HBsAg,anti-HCV,syphilis,anti-HIV1/2 in the serum of 5 542 cases of voluntary antemarital examination people. Results: The positive rate of HBsAg,anti-HCV,syphilis,anti-HIV1/2 was 8.4%,0.34%,0.43%,0.036% respectively among 5 542 cases of voluntary antemarital examination people. Conclusion: Enhancing the awareness of antemarital examination and taking part in pre-marital checking actively are good to improve the quality of the population and keep social stability and unity. Syphilis should be tested by TRUST and TPPA at the same time, thus can reduce missed diag nosis and misdiagnosis, then to avoid medical disputes.


This article deals with the development of legal framework for Russia-EU relations in 2010. The author analyses the preparation of the New basic agreement, the development of sectoral EU-Russia agreements, and soft law amendments, as well as relevant regulations of the European Union and Russian law. The article reviews current initiatives and approaches of the Parties in the legal regulation of the "Partnership for modernisation".


A method of classifying images based on elliptical color models is utilized in a number of applications. One or more color models are generated from a set of images with a region of interest. Then, sets of images are utilized for training. One set of images has regions of interest, and the other set of images is without regions of interest. By utilizing the two sets of images, a maximum difference between the sets is achieved, so that a color model is most representative of the object desired. Then using the optimal color model, a collection of images are able to be searched, and images are retrieved based on the probability that the images contain the desired object.


The aim of the study was to evaluate the 24-hour Blood Pressure (BP) profile in essential hypertensives without end-organ damage using a two-step method proposed by Staessen and his group: the existence of a circadian rhythm is first tested using Siegel's Runs-Test, then a Fourier multiple harmonic analysis allows an adequate parametrical representation of the 24-hour BP profile. Sixty-five newly diagnosed, untreated mild-to-moderate essential hypertensives without end-organ damage (HYP) were compared to 29 normal control subjects (NORM). No significant differences have been found between the two groups when considering the existence of a BP circadian rhythm and acrophase parameters, as distinct from amplitudes (p<0.01). Furthermore, as expected, BP mean values were found higher in the HYP group as compared with the NORM group. In conclusion, according to our results, essential hypertensives without end-organ damage present a preserved BP profile, showing a circadian rhythm, but, as compared to normal ...


By studying the rule of mobile,four tuple descriptive method of state is brought forward,and forecasting equation and operator of state of even variable motion and knowledge representation are ascertained.


SAFE project (funded ESA in the framework of "STSE Swarm+lnnovation") deals with the integrated analysis of more physical parameters whose abnormal variations have been found to be possibly associated with impending earthquakes. These observations are mainly: electromagnetic variations, total electron content and the electron density in the ionosphere, measured both from Swarm satellites and ground-based observatories. We show here the results of a systematic analysis of around 3.5 years of magnetic and electron density Swarm satellite anomalies in the whole space-time interval of interest, avoiding high magnetic latitudes, which are correlated with earthquakes by means of a superposed epoch approach. Both magnetic and plasma data analyses show that the anomaly concentrations are larger than random anomaly distributions by a factor of more than 2.5, and a deviation from the random mean by more than 40 times the standard deviation, supporting the hypothesis for a lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling in the preparation phase of earthquakes. The recent launched CSES satellite mission with dedicated scientific payload for pre-earthquake anomaly detection will let us available more electromagnetic data for applying the same techniques for searching precursors of future earthquakes.


In this paper, we present a novel mathematical framework of a mobility model that can be applied to a large number of possible horizontal environments, ranging from local area networks (LANs) to wide area networks (WANs) for the prediction and tracking of mobile users. This new mobility model, termed 'Scalable Mobility Model' (SMM), provides a realistic set of paths for both individual and aggregate subscriber movement by assigning mobile users into specific classes of mobility based on their mobility characteristics, attraction points, geographical environments and time periods. The core technique used to implement these important mobility features in SMM is the introduction of a new concept referred to as the Pole of Gravity. Our mobility model has been decomposed into three processes termed as the physical, gravity and fluid sub-models. Using this new concept, we show how SMM can effectively characterize user mobility for the City Area Model of Avon district and the City Center of Bristol, UK, having an extension of 40 km by 40 km and 8 km by 8 km respectively. We also present simulation results to illustrate the effect of accurate mobility by comparing our realistic mobility model, SMM, with the well know Random Waypoint model. Specifically, we show how the choice of a mobility model affects channel utilization and handover performance issues for the mobile environment.


ABSTRACT Aeolis Dorsa is a topographic depression, ∼800 km east of Gale Crater, located along the Mars' dichotomy boundary. This area hosts a set of fluvial sedimentary rocks displaying an exceptional record of depositional environments and fluvial channels patterns that suggest the presence of a large amount of surface and/or subsurface water. We interpreted the plain as an ancient waterlogged environment, a sedimentary basin passing into distal depositional environments. Regional mapping of the area revealed the presence of a large-scale fluvial system that points to a long-term and extensive hydrological cycle. A significant wet period with changing environmental conditions in Hesperian/Amazonian occurred in the study area diverging from the present-day climate. Our map (Main Map) contributes to the understanding of past climatic conditions on Mars. Moreover, it provides an interesting perspective for future missions looking for evidence of present-day and/or past extraterrestrial organisms as the life as we know it needs liquid water.


A mathematical model is presented for the temporal decline in total infectious units caused by simultaneous first-order inactivation and Brownian coagulation of viruses in an aqueous environment. On the basis of published physicochemical and biological constants for poliovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and indigenous marine and freshwater bacteriophage, the model predicts that virion-virion coagulation is negligible in most aquatic systems. This analysis provides a framework for investigating the effect of coagulation and inactivation on viral infectivity and for developing more sophisticated models of virus survival outside the host cell


The Effect of Cooperative Groups on Math Anxiety by Melissa Batton Ed.S. Nova Southeastern University, 2001 M.S. Nova Southeastern University, 2000 B.S. Brewton-Parker College, 1995 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Teacher Leadership


The competitive advantage of nations by M. Porter, and Upgrading New Zealand's competitive advantage by G. Crocombe, M. Enright and M. Porter, both contain a number of interesting - though often unsubstantiated - propositions concerning the optimal set of rules for an economy. In particular. Upgrading New Zealand's competitive advantage seeks to stimulate debate on those rules that will lift New Zealand out of its current recession and generate sustainable economic growth. Using the New-Classical paradigm, this paper constructs a framework within which these propositions can be rigorously analysed. In addition, a small number of modest proposals are provided.


It is clear that key social challenges such as long-term unemployment and educational disadvantage are restricting the movement of women and men experiencing disadvantage into sustainable employment in the information society. At the same time, many individuals have been supported in their transition to sustainable IS employment through innovative EMPLOYMENT Initiative projects across Europe that addressed these socio-economic challenges. This article will first discuss the findings from evaluations of two interventions in Ireland; both took place in the same disadvantaged urban community but had different target groups, interventions methodologies, and outcomes. The article will conclude with a description of a new IST research project, KISEIS, that will build on initial lessons by studying key interventions across Europe for sustainable employment in the information society for disadvantaged


There are three especially challenging aspects involved in the production of a simulation. The first is the transition from the problem statement to the development of a model that captures the dynamic aspects of the problem domain. Secondly, if the statistics produced by the model are to be useful in assisting the development of the network design being simulated, then validation of the model by the customer is critical, and finally, the process used to develop the model should be generic. This paper presents an approach to model development which is both traceable as well as reproducible and facilitates both peer and customer review during the critical development phases. As a vehicle for illustrating the approach, a voice communications system between ground-based operators and aircraft is examined and a network model is produced. The approach presented in this paper facilitated the production of an extremely robust model, one that was easy to update as design changes were made. This allowed rapid assessment of the design changes to be made and because of the transparency in the development procedure, the customer had high confidence in the results.


About onehalf of cancer cases and two-thirds of cancer deaths occur in patients 65 years of age or older. Therefore, understanding the health status of an older patient is just as important as staging of the cancer. Frailty is a complex, multidimensional syndrome of increased vulnerability and loss of adaptive capacity/resistance to external stressors, resulting in an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Clinical presentation is non-specific: fatigue, unexplained weight loss, frequent infections, decline in physical mobility/balance/gait speed. Therefore, the routine format of preoperative investigations often does not allow for adequate frailty identification. There are two principal models of frailty: the phenotype model and the accumulation of deficits model. There is no consensus on an operational definition of frailty. However, it has been demonstrated that frailty, not chronological age, is the most important risk factor for poor outcome. Therefore, frailty identification should be obligatory before the beginning of the oncologic treatment.


Cross correlation is a simple numerical calculation that involves two different data sets and enables a comparison to be made between them. This method is presented as an aid to finding the location of specific archaeological features in magnetic data. A simple example to locate a kiln target is given, and its probable depth estimated. Providing a mathematical model exists for an archaeological feature, its location within geophysical data may be obtained by means of this method.


The invention provides a photoelectric direct-reading spectrometer excitation light source, which comprises a pulse generator, wherein the output end of the pulse generator is connected with an ignition pulse circuit and a pulse forming network respectively, the ignition pulse circuit is connected with an ignition plate, the output end of the pulse forming network is connected with a capacitor charge/discharge circuit, and the feedback output end of the capacitor charge/discharge circuit is connected with the input end of the pulse generator; and the capacitor charge/discharge circuit is connected with an anode plate through a tunnel diode circuit, the high-voltage output end of the ignition pulse circuit is also connected with the anode plate, and the anode plate discharges to the ground. The photoelectric direct-reading spectrometer excitation light source has the advantages that: high-pressure ignition is adopted, and high-capacity capacitor spark discharge is adopted; spark current and spark peak pressure are constant; and interference in the excitation process is solved, the stability is improved, and adjustment is free.


We define an invariant of torsors under adjoint linear algebraic groups of type C_n-equivalently, central simple algebras of degree 2n with symplectic involution-for n divisible by 4 that takes values in H^3(F, mu_2). The invariant is distinct from the few known examples of cohomological invariants of torsors under adjoint groups. We also prove that the invariant detects whether a central simple algebra of degree 8 with symplectic involution can be decomposed as a tensor product of quaternion algebras with involution.


In this work, we consider a game theory approach to deal with an inverse problem related to the Stokes system. The problem consists in detecting the unknown point-forces acting on the fluid from incomplete measurements on the boundary of a domain. The approach that we propose deals simultaneously with the reconstruction of the missing data and the determination of the unknown point-forces. The solution is interpreted in terms of Nash equilibrium between both problems. We develop a new point-force detection algorithm, and we present numerical results to illustrate the efficiency and robustness of the method.


Holly S. J. Kearns, is a forest pathologist with USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 3815 Schreiber Way, Coeur d'Alene, ID 83815. William R Jacobi. is Professor of Forest and Shade Tree Pathology, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177. This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service Special Technologies Development Program, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the Colorado State Agricultural Experiment Station. Introduction___________________


Abstract.  For several years the field of Second Language Acquisition has benefited from methods associated with communicative language learning. However, these benefits have largely been overlooked when teaching ancient languages, likely because the objective for ancient languages is literacy, not oral fluency. This article outlines an experiment that capitalized on communicative language methods to accelerate literacy for beginning students of Biblical Hebrew. (Digital images associated with this essay may be found at:〈http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu/journal/overland.html〉


This paper describes and analyses some of the salient features of a MOO-based language learning project which involved 29 students from a graduate course in applied linguistics at the University of Münster in Germany and from an undergraduate German seminar at Vassar College, USA. From October to December 1998, learners collaborated in tandem partnerships of three or four students in this text-based online environment to work on various culture- and language-related projects whose results they presented to the full group in the concluding sessions. Learners met twice a week for about 75 minutes, usually using English in the first half of a session and German in the second half or vice versa. Each learner thus benefited from her partner's expert knowledge about her own linguistic and cultural community. At the same time, partners improved their own communicative competence by conversing with native speakers of their L2 in a non-threatening environment, by receiving instant and sometimes extensive feedback that enabled them to test their hypotheses about the L2, and by receiving authentic input and expert advice on a broad range of linguistic and cultural issues. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the MOO. Next, I will discuss the pedagogic framework adopted for this project and analyse selected aspects of the learner interaction as captured in the electronic transcripts or logs participants saved of their online encounters. The paper concludes that, far from being destined for doom, as the title suggests, MOOs are very suitable as a venue for culturally and linguistically challenging language learning experiences through online tandem partnerships.


There is a transnational flavour to this issue (32:3, 2010) of the British Journal of Religious Education (BJRE). One article reports research carried out by a Swede in Kenya, another discusses collaborative work with an American partner conducted by a Finnish scholar seconded to Stanford University, a third, by a German scholar working in Norway, argues for a transnational integrative approach to religious education. There is a core of articles from the UK, plus
wider European contributions from Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Norway, and a jointly written article from the USA. In addition to theoretical and methodological discussions, research approaches range from close qualitative classroom studies through ethnographic interviews with teachers and students to quantitative studies of young people on science and religion and on
religion and values.


Abstract BaMn x Al 12− x O 19−α combustion catalysts with x =0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 have been investigated. The crystal structure and, specifically, the partitioning and the dominant oxidation state of Mn in the different crystallographic sites has been clarified by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction structure refinements of multiple diffraction powder data sets collected with both synchrotron and Cu-Kα radiation at different wave lengths in proximity and far from the Mn K adsorption edge. The results show that at low loading (up to x =1) Mn preferentially enters tetrahedral Al(2) sites of Ba-β I -Al 2 O 3 as divalent cation. The occupancy of Ba sites in the mirror planes acts as a charge compensation mechanism to balance substitution of Al 3+ with Mn 2+ . At high Mn loading ( x ≥ 1) the occupation of Ba sites reaches unity and Mn preferentially enters octahedral Al(1) sites as Mn 3+ . Surface area measurements and catalytic activity tests in CH 4 combustion have also been performed. The results indicate that the incorporation of Mn in the octahedral Al(1) sites causes reduction of surface area and has no beneficial effect on catalytic activity.


A new tunnel Schottky diode based on SiC and a mixed conductor of BaSnO3 as the gate has been investigated. I-V curves at different operating temperatures and two different gas atmospheres have bee ...


Traffic accidents among students are one of the problems experienced in the Greater Jakarta area. World Health Organization (WHO) stated that younger drivers are the most vulnerable group to experiencing traffic accidents, including the students. According to Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), it was estimated that as many as 301,120 Jabodetabek commuters had experienced a traffic accident in 2019. Moreover, 13 to 14 out of the 100 commuters who had experienced traffic accidents are student commuters or commuters with the main activities going to school. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the factors that affect the accident status of Jabodetabek student commuters in 2019 and their odds ratios by using the 2019 Jabodetabek Commuter Survey data. The analytical method used is a binary logistic regression with the parameter estimation method using penalized maximum likelihood estimation (PMLE). And the results showed that the variables of age, gender, last education, mode of transportation, classification of the area of residence, distance traveled, and the area of the activity had a significant influence on the accident status of Jabodetabek student commuters. Furthermore, student commuters who live in rural areas have the highest tendency to experience a traffic accident.


Aim:MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small,endogenous,nonprotein-coding RNAs of 21~25 nucleotides that play a key role in gene expression control.Extensive miRNA deregulation has been observed in leukemia and miRNA studies indicated its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of leukemia.This review focuses on recent researches on the important roles of microRNAs in leukemia,including acute myeloid leukemia(AML),acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL).


Macrophages secrete various cytokines and inflammatory mediators, resulting in playing critical roles in inflammation and immunity. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory and immune enhancing properties of PB203, which is a water-soluble extract powder from the fruit of Actinidia polygama , in macrophages. A. polygama is a medicinal plant tradition-ally known to treat abdominal pain, stroke and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the molecular mechanism for the immune modulation of PB203 is still unclear. Therefore, we assessed the effects of PB203 on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and immune activa - tion, and elucidated its action mechanism in mouse macrophage, RAW264.7 cells. PB203 significantly suppressed not only the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E 2 , tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), but also the mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. We also found that these anti-inflammatory activities of PB203 were mediated through the inhibi - tion of toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) induced by LPS. On the other hand, in normal macrophages, PB203 dose-dependently elevated the gene expression of immunomodulators including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and TNF-α in a statistically sig - nificant manner. The expression of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, and interferon-γ were also remarkably upregulated by the treatment of 500 μg/mL PB203. In addition, PB203-mediated produc - tion of NO and TNF-α was attenuated by NF-κB inhibition in RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, PB203 promoted the production of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, resulting in the increased level of heme oxygenase-1, which is a representative antioxidant enzyme, in both LPS-stimulated and normal RAW264.7 cells. Taken all together, these results suggest that PB203 may have great potential as the candidate of anti-inflammatory agent for improving inflammatory diseases or immune enhancing agent for preventing infectious diseases.


Focusing on the step-by-step transformation of the traditional solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) into an environmentally friendly process, we herein report the elimination of environmentally hazardous components (piperidine, DMF and DCM) from this technique.


Purpose – This paper aims to present the methodology used to develop an index for assessing retailers' efforts to promote regional foods, and to provide an analysis of the evaluation of 278 retailers.Design/methodology/approach – A three‐step procedure was used to develop the index. First, the dimensions of the index were identified through a literature review and interviews with retailers. Next, face‐to‐face interviews with retailers, food producers and regional development experts were conducted to define the best way to measure the index dimensions. Finally, a Delphi approach with an expert panel was used to determine the relative importance of the dimensions. The index was used to evaluate 278 food retailers from the province of Quebec in Canada. Data collection was conducted through store observation and interviews with managers or owners.Findings – The results reveal a weak level of commitment toward regional foods. Only a small group of retailers, 16 per cent of the sample analysed, adopted practic...


We have studied the critical properties of three-dimensional U(1)-symmetric lattice gauge theories. The models apply to various physical systems such as insulating phases of strongly correlated ele ...


Ininfrastructure-l ess mobile andad-hoc networks theroutes havetoberefreshed oftenlv dute tothe mobility ofthenodes acting asrouters. Ifanodeis awareofthemobility ofneighboring nodes, thehighly mobile nodecanbeavoided tobethepartofroutes andultimately reduces there-route discoveries. This paperintroduces mobility awareagents inad-hoc network nodes andmodifies HELLOpackets ofthe AODV protocol toenhance mobility awareness. Mobility awareagentcanupdate itsawareness through inquiry andreplv to inquiries about neighbors onquasi-periodic bases. Onreceiving the HELLOpacketwithGPS coordinates o' the originator, agent compares themwith previous ones andhence hasawareness about themobility (othe originator withreference toitself Theenhancements inthethrotughput ofthenetwork arestudied through simutlation inOPNETthathasshownoptinmistic result.s.


The invention discloses a method for establishing depth of field data for three-dimensional video and system thereof, applied in an three-dimensional image containing a first eye image and a second eye image. The system contains a bias vector matrix, a bias arithmetic device and a comparator. The bias vector matrix contains a data field with identical picture element number and corresponding position of the first eye image, the bias arithmetic device uses the ath first picture element of the first eye image as the center. A reference frame is divided; a target frame is found in the second eyeimage, and the target frame and the reference frame have a minimum gray level differential value, and a bias vector value is calculated according to the minimum gray level differential value. The comparator judges bias vector quantities values recording all the ath first picture elements in the bias vector matrix, thereby switching the bias vector matrix into a depth chart.


In dynamic stochastic user equilibrium simultaneous route and departure time choice (DSUE-SRDTC) problems, route travel costs can be non-monotone even if route travel times are monotone with respect to route flows. As a result, the mapping function of the variational inequality (VI) problems for the DSUE-SRDTC problems can be non-monotone, and many existing solution algorithms developed for the DSUE-SRDTC problems do not guarantee convergence under this non-monotone condition. This paper formulates the DSUE-SRDTC problem with fixed demand as a system of nonlinear equations. The mapping function of the proposed system of nonlinear equations is defined by a dynamic route choice problem, which can also be formulated as a VI problem with a strictly monotone mapping function under some assumptions. This property enables that the solution algorithm for the DSUE-SRDTC problem can avoid the requirement of the monotonicity of the route travel cost functions for the convergence of the solution procedure. A backtracking inexact Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) method is adopted to solve the system of nonlinear equations, and iterative methods are developed to generate an initial solution for the BFGS method and solve the dynamic route choice problem. Finally, numerical examples are set up to show that the proposed method outperforms many existing algorithms for solving the DSUE-SRDTC problem in terms of guaranteeing solution convergence.


Between normal and glaucomatous subjects, a group with ocular hypertension exists which is not homogeneous as 10 p. cent of these will develop glaucoma. The problem is to select early eyes at risk. Three new methods of examination have been proposed: the response to the test of contrast sensitivity, the pupillary reaction test of Marcus Gunn, and photographic exploration of the nerve fiber layer of the retina.


Assuming P 6= NP , proper PAC learning AND of hyperspace is impossible. [KS09] showed that assuming the hardness of certain lattice problem, improper learning intersection of halfspace is hard. Then in [DS16] it was shown that assuming hardness of refuting random k-SAT, improper learning DNF is hard and improper learning intersection of halfspace is hard. The result of [DS16] was simplified and generalized in [Vad17]. In this survey we mainly discuss the results in [Vad17] – equivalence between learning and refutation and in [KL18], equivalence between agnostic learning over some distribution D and refutation (with noise) with respect to D.


Analyses of data collected from 172 members of 23 matrix teams indicated that member perceptions of team-level politics were negatively related to executive and member ratings of effectiveness and to member expressions of satisfaction with and commitment to the matrix team. In addition, results of moderated multiple regression analyses indicated that member-team goal congruence moderated these relationships. Perceptions of politics were more strongly related to the outcome variables among individuals who did not share the priorities of their team members than among those whose goal priorities were consistent. These results suggest that leaders can help their team members cope with politics by making efforts to ensure that they share goal priorities of team members.


A commonly cited limitation on the study of peripheral, extragrammatical and/or ludic processes in morphophonology is the relative difficulty of automated retrieval of their outputs. Whereas machines can be trained to detect and extract products of core word-building processes, thereby facilitating the construction of large corpora, the forms of more informal processes often must be compiled manually. (See, for instance, Gries's (2004a) English corpus of 585 forms touted as "one of the largest blend corpora analyzed so far.") The relative unpredictability of these forms is of direct interest but at the same time complicates large-scale investigations and may thus lead to taxonomies and/or theories based on comparatively few data. Such processes, moreover, are not of purely empirical interest. In particular, they may both evidence speakers' implicit knowledge of phonological constraints or structures, including those inactive in their native language, and allow us to argue for certain theoretical constructs over others. As an example of the former, Tessier and Becker (2018) find that a nascent class of insult compounds in English, shitgibbons, are judged as better formed when the initial vowels, but not consonants, of the two source words are identical. This tendency, especially in its asymmetry, can be established independently in other natural language phenomena. As an example of the latter, Elfner and Kimper (2008) argue from results on diddly-infixation (e.g., wélcome > wel-diddly-élcome) that phonological reduplication need not be limited to the single segment or subject to rigid locality restrictions. In this paper, I present another such class of words from a recent language game, pussy blends (e.g., (Margaret) Thatcher + pussy > thatchussy), and examine their potential contribution to the study of informal word-building processes. As they appear at first glance to be most similar to blends, the behaviour of 1,338 pussy blends in an automatically gathered Twitter corpus are compared against the documented tendencies of blending in the literature. Of particular interest is the amount and shape of material contributed by each source word. The present article serves as a preliminary report. That is, before we can determine what the theoretical contribution of these forms may be, we need to establish what they


Forms and trends of encroachments were investigated in Cross River National Park (CRNP) of Nigeria with the view of ascertaining the prevailing forms, trends, strategies of poaching and ecological consequences of illegal exploitations on the state of species in the biodiversity hotspot; that is contiguous with Korup and Takamanda national parks of Cameroon. Data for this study were obtained through personal observations, administrative record, structured questionnaires and in depth interview with experienced members of park protection staff who have been in the park for a minimum period of five years and are therefore quite knowledgeable about wildlife management and protection in the park. A set of questionnaire was randomly administered to 40 Park protection staff of CRNP in other to examine the forms, trends, intensity and reasons for encroachment in the park. Data on trend of arrest being an indicator of encroachment was collected from the administrative record of CRNP. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of percentages and frequency of counts. Hunting (100%) and collection of Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) (75%) were implicated as the highest form of encroachment in the park while fuel wood collection (15%) was the least. The highest and lowest forms of arrest between 1991 and 2014 were 12.8% and 0.2% respectively. The least annual arrest (0.2%) recorded between 1991 and 2014 was in 1994 and 1995 respectively. Out of 616 arrests made between 1991 and 2014 34.%, 28.9% and 26.1% were for logging, hunting and collection of NTFPs respectively while aiding and abetting had the least record of only 1.6%. Nevertheless most respondents implicated households of host and enclave communities as encroachers (85.00%) and aiders of encroachments (95.0%) in CRNP. Cross River National Park is porous to non-seasonal encroachment as the anti poaching operations therein are ineffective.


An artificial neural network (ANN) model has been developed for the analysis and simulation of the correlation between the chemical composition and mechanical properties of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel X70. The input parameters of the model consist of the base metal chemical composition (C, Si, Mn, the sum of Cr+Cu+Ni+Mo, the sum of Nb+Ti+V, carbon equivalent CEpcm) and the yield strength (YS). The outputs of the ANN model include the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the test material. Scatter plots, correlation coefficient (R) and mean relative error (MRE) were used to assess the performance of the developed neural network. Interestingly, the model output is efficient to calculate the mechanical properties of high strength low alloy steels, especially the ultimate tensile strength as a function of chemical composition and yield strength of the used material. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experimental ones, with high correlation coefficient and low mean relative error. The predictions accuracy of the developed model also conforms to the results of mean paired T-test.


The ultra-compact combustor (UCC) is an innovative combustor system alternative to traditional turbine engine combustors with the potential for engine efficiency improvements with a reduced volume. Historically, the UCC cavity had been configured such that highly centrifugally loaded combustion took place in a recessed circumferential cavity positioned around the outside diameter (OD) of the engine. One of the obstacles with this design was that the combustion products had to migrate radially across the span of a vane while being pushed downstream by a central core flow. This configuration proved difficult to produce a uniform temperature distribution at the first turbine rotor. The present study has taken a different spin on the implementation of circumferential combustion. Namely, it aims to combine the combustion and space saving benefits of the highly centrifugally loaded combustion of the UCC in a new combustor orientation that places the combustor axially upstream of the turbine versus radially outboard. An iterative design approach was used to computationally analyze this new geometry configuration with the goal of fitting within the casing of a JetCat P90RXi. This investigation revealed techniques for implementation of this concept including small-scale combustor centrifugal air loading development, maintaining combustor circumferential swirl, combustion stability, and fuel distribution are reported. The final combustor configuration was manufactured and experimentally tested, validating the computational results. Furthermore, dramatic improvements in the uniformity of the turbine inlet temperature profiles are revealed over historical UCC concepts.


The key Space Station considerations driving the power system design, specific power system design requirements resulting from these considerations, and finally the design options considered to meet these requirements are defined. The power system must generate electricity from solar energy. It must store electrical energy for use during solar-occulted periods, distribute it, control the system for effective and safe use of the power. The system must also be capable of accommodating emergencies and of supplying contingency power. Two basic approaches were considered to generate and store electricity. The first was the more traditional photovoltaic approach using solar cells to generate theelectricity and electrochemical devices, either batteries or regenerative fuel cells, to store the power. The second approach examined was to use heat engines to convert solar energy into electricity (solar dynamics). In this approach, concentrated solar energy is used to heat a working fluid which in turn drives a turbine operating in either a closed Brayton or a Rankine cycle. Energy is stored as heat this approach using the large latent heat of fusion of metallic salts. Approaches considered for the primary power distribution system included high-voltage dc and high-voltage ac at a frequency of either 400 Hz or 20more » kHz. These systems are described and some of the more important trade-off issues and characteristics relative to the Space Station Program are defined.« less


Certain geological settings are favorable for high concentration of metals but, at the same time, they may become health hazards for people living there. This paper describes such metal-rich areas from two structural geological environments in the Appalachian orogenic area of the Eastern United States, and how they may be among the factors related to health hazards.


Objective: Older age and cardiovascular comorbidities are well-known risk factors for all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients Hypertension (HT) and age are the two principal determinants of arterial stiffness (AS) The objective of this study is to estimate AS in COVID-19 patients requiring hospital admission and analyze its association with all-cause mortality Design and method: This cross-sectional, observational, retrospective multicenter study includes 122170 patients who required hospital admission in 150 Spanish centers, included in the nationwide SEMI-COVID-19 Network We compared estimated AS as pulse pressure > 60 mmHg and compared clinical characteristics between survivors and nonsurvivors Results: Mean age was 67 5±16 1 years, 42 5% were women Most patients were white (90 0%) Globally, 2606 (21 4%) subjects died Blood pressure (BP) 140 at admission predicted higher all-cause mortality (23 5% and 22 8%, respectively, p<0 001), compared to BP between 120-140 mmHg (18 6%) 4379 patients with AS (36 0%) were older and had higher systolic and lower diastolic BP Multivariate analysis showed that even adjusting for gender (males, OR: 1 6, p=0 0001), age tertiles (second and third tertiles, OR: 2 0 and 4 7, p=0 0001), Charlson-Index (second and third tertiles, OR: 4 8 and 8 6, p=0 0001), heart failure, previous and in-hospital antihypertensive treatment, AS and BP < 120 mmHg significantly and independently predicted all-cause mortality (OR: 1 27, p=0 0001 and OR: 1 48, p=0 0001, respectively) Conclusions: Our data show that arterial stiffness, defined as pulse pressure above 60 mmHg at hospital admission, and BP at admission < 120 mmHg were important determinants with independent prognostic value for all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization


TIIE first case, W. C., a male, age 53, a patient of Dr. C. H. Pring, had been treated for haemoptysis in 1922. No tubercle bacilli found in the sputum. In September, 1924, feeling 'out of sorts' but having no definite symptoms, he consulted Dr. Pring. who found glycosuria. On a restricted diet the sugar quickly disappeared. Seen in November by one of us (E. R. C.) with Mr. Arthur Evans, he complained of nausea and abdominal pain. He had not lost flesh. In the epigastrium, mainly to the right of the middle line, was a hard tumour of rounded outline, dull on percussion, apparently separable from the liver. KO jaundice, and stools of normal appearance. Mr. Evans thought the lump pancreatic, but there was also some question whether i t was not a malignant growth of the stomach or transverse colon. Exploratory laparotomy (E. R. C.) revealed a cystic tumour between stomach and liver, about 4 in. by 4 in. by 24 in. It was found that, when freed from all FICA. 142.-C!ystsdenoma of the pancreas reinoved in Cnse 1. Situated behind the lesser sac, between stolnsch o t h e r CoI1nections, t h e and liver, the actual attachment t o the pancreas was by a pedicle of not ~nom than + m. wide ; tho pancreatic tissue exposed was slightly spongy in texture. pedicle from the upper border of the head of the pancreas, near the mid-plane of the body. (Figs. 142, 143.) After removal a drain was left in, and from a purely surgical point of view there was no trouble. Pneumonia set in, and very sevcre glycosuria. The hyperturnour by a


Doctors Reller, Sahn, and Schrier, as editors, have collaborated with 32 of their colleagues at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in preparing an introductory textbook for students beginning to learn clinical internal medicine. Doctor Gordon Meikeljohn, former chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Colorado states in the foreword of the book, "Today's medical students are confronted by a bewildering mass of information derived from lengthy textbooks and the latest articles in scientific journals..... For this reason the editors have developed a format that is interesting, pragmatic and different from that of traditional textbooks." It is my opinion that the authors have succeeded in accomplishing their objective in a readable manner. Each of the 14 chapters of the book is divided into three sections: (1) major emergencies, (2) symptoms, signs, and specialized diagnostic techniques, and (3) common diseases and problems. The text is basic


National cultural identity,which is an inevitable phenomenon in cultural transitions and cultural fusions,refers to a psychosocial process that the individuals acquire,retain or innovate their own ethnic group cultures.Based on the relevant research on cultural identity,psychological measurement and social cognition theory,this paper explores the essential attributes, basic implications and measuring structures of one' s national cultural identity,which aims to establish the theoretical foundations for conducting measurement research on cultural identity,to grasp the incontestable relationship between one' s cultural identity and its dependent variables,and ultimately to seek for the theoretical and practical value of national cultural identity for racial survival and development as well as for social promotion and harmony


Halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) are attracting
attention as energy-efficient light absorber materials for photovoltaic applications owing to their solution processing-power, tunable bandgap, strong absorption coefficients and cost effectiveness. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Ultra-Violet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis) were used to characterize the prepared samples. The substrates were rinsed with propanol to remove impurities and later sintered before precursor deposition with different caffeine ratios via spray pyrolysis. The deposition method was used due to its homogenous ability. The SEM results indicate that the introduction of caffeine enhances nucleation, leading to an increase in the growth rate compared to the control. The UV-vis result shows a redshift to a higher wavelength, indicating an increase in visible light absorption which is attributed to the spectral overlap between the CH3NH3PbI3 absorber and caffeine. The bandgap (Eg) energy
analysis further confirmed that the caffeine-modified photoanode is a potential light absorber in perovskite solar cell applications. This study provides a good understanding of the optical behaviour of caffeine-mixed perovskite photoanode nanostructures and a promising approach for photon energy management.


Bupropion hydrochloride (Zyban®) is a monocyclic antidepressive drug related to the family of phenylethylamines (amphetamines), which selectively inhibits recapture of monoamines released in the interneuronal synaptic slot. This molecule was approved in France in 2001 for smoking withdrawal help. The most significant cutaneous side effect reported to date is urticaria [1–3]. We hereby report on a previously nondescribed flare of a cutaneous lupus erythematosus after implementation of a treatment with bupropion. A 36-year-old white woman had been followed for a cutaneous lupus erythematosus, tumidus type, for the last 6 years. No clinical or biological sign of systemic disease was present during follow-up, and antinuclear autoantibodies were absent. She had been successfully treated with hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day. In March 2002, while she was still free of lesions and treated with hydroxychloroquine, she began to receive bupropion hydrochloride as a smoking withdrawal help. Two weeks after this latter treatment had been implemented, erythematous and edematous plaques developed on her face and back along with wrist arthralgias of inflammatory pattern. A moderate biological inflammatory syndrome was present, with antinuclear autoantibodies rating 1/160 without anti-DNA or anti-ENA antibodies. Complement and other biological investigations were normal. Bupropion was stopped, and the daily dosage of hydroxychloroquine was increased to 800 mg, but the cutaneous lesions did not improve. Hydroxychloroquine was then replaced by chloroquine 200 mg/day, and the plaques progressively vanished within 5 weeks. However, she experienced 2 moderate similar cutaneous flares of short duration 3 and 6 months later. In June 2003, no lesion was present with chloroquine at the same daily dosage. This is the first report on cutaneous lupus erythematosus probably worsened by bupropion hydrochloride treatment. This reactivation might be coincidental, but chronological data and improvement after treatment interruption favor the hypothesis of a direct causal relationship. Induction or flare of lupus erythematosus or other systemic diseases by bupropion hydrochloride have not been previously reported, and this molecule has no known photosensitizing properties. Accordingly, the mechanisms underlying this flare of lupus erythematosus in our patient are unknown. Urticaria, isolated or associated with systemic symptoms (fever, arthralgias), is currently the most frequently reported cutaneous side effect of this molecule, usually occurring 8–21 days after the treatment has been implemented. It is probably linked to a direct sympathomimetic effect or to a serum-sickness-like hypersensitivity reaction. Some other cutaneous side effects have been sparsely reported, such as psoriasis flareup, erythema multiforme or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. To optimize the efficacy of antimalarial drugs in autoimmune diseases, physicians strongly advise patients on smoking withdrawal. However, bupropion hydrochloride in this indication should perhaps be used with more caution than previously thought.


The conventional isotropic Debye temperature fails to account for the trend of melting temperatures for the high Tc superconductors, RBa2Cu3O7−δ (R-123), as a function of the ionic radius of R3+. We overcame this problem by calculating Debye temperatures using mean sound velocity along the c axis that features an anisotropic layered structure. Using the "improved" Debye temperature, the trend of derived melting temperatures based on the "Lindemann law" matches well with experimental data. This trend is also confirmed by comparing theoretical and experimental Raman active modes corresponding to the Cu–O (plane copper and apical oxygen) and Ba–O (in-plane) bonds in R-123 series.


Between November 1996 and August 1997 focus group discussions were conducted in three countries--Mexico the US and Zimbabwe--to explore mens attitudes toward vaginal products. The study addressed issues such as knowledge of HIV/AIDS and prevention strategies risk perception contraception and condom use knowledge of vaginal products and attitudes toward potential microbicides and their use. In each country two groups of farmers and two groups of taxi drivers were recruited to capture urban and rural perspectives. Results of the discussion show that both rural and urban men in the US and Zimbabwe groups had high levels of knowledge of HIV transmission and disease although there existed some misinformation. In all three countries initiating condom use within a stable relationship was seen as an admission of infidelity and would arouse suspicion. Overall men in all three countries saw the need for a microbicidal product and felt such a product should be easily available and emphasized the need for such a product to be safe and inexpensive. Lastly it is noted that mens attitudes and preferences need to be incorporated into product development and to reassure them about potential side effects which they and their partners might experience due to product use. Moreover it will be important to study new products in both men and women.


By using a priori estimate method, we get the existence of global solution for the initial boundary value problem of generalized Ginzburg Landau equation. We also proved the existence of attractor for the dynamic system associated with the initial boundary value problem.


SELLER concentration-the market share of the largest n firms-is a normatively important summary statistic taken from the upper tail of the size distribution of an industry's firms.' In this paper we report an attempt to expose the dynamic process by which disturbances affect seller concentration. If a structural disturbance changes the rate at which new (small) firms enter an industry, for example, its full effect on top-end concentration will appear only as and when these entrants consolidate their positions and achieve equilibrium shares in the industry. We investigate changes in concentration in United States four-digit manufacturing industries observed in successive censuses-I954, I958, I963, I967, and I972. We also set forth some provocative descriptive statistics on changes in concentration.


One year ago a web site collecting SAT related links was launched: SAT Live! was born. After 6 first months with few activity, SAT Live! is becoming more and more popular. This paper explains why I decided to create such a site, presents the site itself and then concludes with some ideas to improve it.


Long-haul flight operations involve cumulative sleep loss, circadian disruption, and extended and irregular duty schedules. These factors reduce pilot alertness and performance on the flightdeck. Conceptually and operationally, alertness management in flight operations can be divided into preventive strategies and operational countermeasures. Preventive strategies are utilized prior to a duty period to mitigate or reduce the effects of sleep loss, circadian disruption and fatigue during subsequent flight operations. Operational countermeasures are used during operations as acute techniques for maintaining performance and alertness. Results from previous NASA Ames field studies document the sleep loss and circadian disruption in three-person long-haul flying and illustrate the application of preventive strategies and operational countermeasures. One strategy that can be used in both a preventive and operational manner is strategic napping. The application and effectiveness of strategic napping in long-haul operations will be discussed. Finally, long-haul flying in two-person highly automated aircraft capable of extended range operations will create new challenges to maintaining pilot alertness and performance. Alertness management issues in this flight environment will be explored.


The specifics of calcium phosphate formation process during diluted aqueous solutions softening for home or office were researched. Studies have shown that, unlike calcium carbonate, effective precipitation of calcium ions with phosphate is possible even at doses less than stoichiometric. The ratio between concentrations of phosphate ions and calcium ions K = [PO43-, mg-eq] / [Ca2+, mg-eq] is a determining factor. Already at K = 0.5 there is a decrease in the content of calcium ions by more than half. In stoichiometry (K = 1), the residual concentrations of calcium ions in the treated water fall below 1 mg-eq/dm3. At K > 1.5, the content of calcium ions in the treated water stabilizes at the level of 0.2 – 0.1 mg-eq/dm3. Water temperature does not significantly affect the deposition of calcium ions with phosphates. A noticeable decrease in efficiency is recorded only at a temperature of 5 ° C. But even in this case, this decrease is 0.1 – 1.5 mg-eq/dm3, which is quite acceptable for living conditions, since it provides soft and very soft water. The reaction between calcium ions and phosphates is quite complete in the first minutes of contact. The settling of mixed solutions for an hour showed that the reaction of the formation of a solid phase takes place at the time of draining the solutions and over time the residual hardness of the water practically does not change. From the point of view of softening efficiency, phosphate is quite suitable as a reagent for removing calcium ions from hard natural waters. An important aspect of the softening technology is the separation of the precipitate formed from the treated water. To do this, it is necessary to determine the conditions for the formation of a crystalline, most compact and formed precipitate. The clarification of the hard water sample treated with sodium phosphate showed that there was no significant difference in deposition at different initial pH values.


This article deals with the national flag of North Korea. The author explains in detail the history behind the creation of the North Korean flag, debunking the official DPRK version that claims Kim Il-sung as responsible for its creation. Existing evidence shows that the flag was in actuality designed in the Soviet Union instead. The author then proceeds to describe how this flag was established as the DPRK`s state flag in 1948 and why this decision became a cause for some unrest and even open opposition among the contemporary North Korean political elite. Furthermore, the article describes the process of distortion of the flag`s history in North Korea. From the late 1950s, any notions that North Korea may have had for a different flag were systematically erased from DPRK books and monuments, and the creation of the flag retroactively attributed to Kim Il-sung. Finally, the author presents his findings on the place of the flag in DPRK ideology. Following the dramatic increase in the intensity of the personality cult in 1967, rhetoric about loyalty to the country was to a large extent substituted with rhetoric about loyalty to the Leader, and thus the ideological role of the flag-as the symbol of the state-was reduced, giving way to symbols representing the Kim dynasty.


A resume was made of the congenitally missing teeth among eight children of a father who had a complete set of teeth and a mother who had congenitally missing right and left second or first maxillary premolars. The study showed that five of the eight siblings had 3 to 10 congenitally missing teeth.


Abstract Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogenic group of chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases of unknown aetiology in children up to 16 years of age. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, clinical presentation and laboratory findings in children with JIA in Malopolska region. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis included all children with JIA (N=251) hospitalized in the two reference rheumatology centres covering Malopolska region (Poland), between July 2007 and December 2010. Results: The annual incidence of JIA in Malopolska region was estimated at 9.5 per 100 000 children. Oligoarthritis (54.9%) was the most common category in all age groups with a tendency to decrease with age; from 71.4 % in children aged 1-6 years; 55.7% in aged 7-12 years to 39.3 % in aged 13-16 years. The frequency of polyarthritis and enthesitis-related arthritis was greater in adolescents (29.2 % and 22.5 %, respectively). HLA-B27 antigen and uveitis were most frequently found in children with enthesitis-related arthritis (58% and 18.5 %, respectively). Conclusions: The study suggests the improvement of diagnostic capacity of JIA during the last decade in Poland. In accordance with the existing data diverse clinical presentation of JIA categories and laboratory characteristics were proven.


Dental disease detection and diagnosis has become an emerging area of research encompassing the various image processing techniques for better analysis and cure. Dental diseases can include gum disease or tooth decay, discoloration of tooth, fracture in tooth, abnormal eruption of wisdom tooth, plague, cancer or may result in tumor. The dental tooth decay is arises due to the presence of fermentable carbohydrates such as sucrose, fructose and glucose. The presented research work is focused to detect the level of dental cavity in dental images for tooth decay using different clustering approaches and image processing operations. There are very limited techniques based on which the level of damage due to dental cavity done to the tooth under observation, can be described. In the presented work, study and analysis of the various clustering algorithms with its advantages and drawbacks is discussed in details. The sizing operation is used to determine the penetration level of cavity in the tooth. A comparative analysis of performance of the existing and proposed methods with root-mean-square error (RMSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) error is presented. The results show significance improvements over the existing techniques in cavity extraction and segmentation using the hybrid approach of K-means and PSO. The radial features bear fair quality in determining the cavity size and its penetration into the teeth.


Through collaborative work promoting new forms of business organization in an exchange of good wishes to build better organizations better citizens and workers who promote human sense and good practice is generated. To build strong, well-integrated and strengthened organizations use, application and development of the concept of Socially Responsible Company is required, which involves supporting society to protect the environment, generate among employees harmony and quality life through decent wages and environments of collaboration and mutual support for compliance activities. Production processes and results generated from the adoption of new forms of organization in the development of the nested philosophy on the concept of Socially Responsible Company, foster a favorable environment for the generation of new ideas crystallizing innovation. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the new forms of organization presenting the SMEs in the state of Sinaloa, located in Mexico, are helping to get the Socially Responsible Company, and this generates a greater ability to develop innovation processes . The methodology is a documentary research under an analytical approach to help identify the adoption of new forms of organization by the sinaloenses SMEs facilitates the adoption of distinctive Socially Responsible Company. In the results obtained only 20% of SMEs in Sinaloa adopts the distinctive Socially Responsible Company and 70% of them follows a traditionalist model, adopting mechanistic processes that by their nature are very innovative.


Performance testing for ATM network deals with evaluation of maximal throughput of network by measuring and analyzing of various performance parameters. However, because of the absence of the methodology and framework for performance testing, the results of performance measurements for same implementation under test were much relied on tester. In this paper, the concept of ATM performance testing is described in both cell and frame level and a framework of ATM performance testing is suggested by describing of testing environment for performance measurement and requirements of performance evaluation. For this, we define performance measuring method and parameters for each case.


The invention belongs to the technical field of a pharmaceutical co-crystal, and particularly relates to a novel febuxostat pharmaceutical co-crystal and a preparation method thereof. The space group of piracetam pharmaceutical co-crystal prepared by the invention is a monoclinic system, one isonicotinic acid molecule and two febuxostat molecules are combined together through a hydrogen bond respectively to form a basic structural unit of the febuxostat pharmaceutical co-crystal. A solvent selected in a preparation process of pharmaceutical co-crystal is ethyl acetate, and a solvent room temperature volatilization method is adopted. Due to a relatively low boiling point of the selected organic solvent, crystal is separated out during the process of solvent volatilization. The pharmaceutical co-crystal prepared by the invention inherits characteristics of traditional medicaments in preparing hyperuricemia of gout patients, and also has obvious change on solubility, stability and bioavailability.


Quantifying uncertainty in petroleum resources is important for development planning and decision making. Increasingly, geostatistical techniques are used to integrate diverse data sources and provide a defensible model of uncertainty. Petroleum resources are calculated from a combination of variables including thickness, porosity and saturation. Uncertainty in global petroleum resources are calculated stepwise: 1) establish the local uncertainty in each variable using a conventional Gaussian geostatistical model; 2) sample the local distributions with spatial correlation using a p-field based technique; 3) modify the p-field samples to have the correct multivariate variability using the LU technique; and, 4) assemble the distribution of uncertainty over any volume using the joint spatial/multivariate realizations. The alternatives to this technique are a simplistic Monte Carlo simulation without spatial correlation or a more complex high resolution geostatistical model. Speed and mathematical consistency are the main advantages of the proposed technique. The theoretical basis of the spatial/multivariate decomposition approach is developed with the assumptions and implementation details. A synthetic example from a realistic case study is presented showing the global uncertainty in oil-in-place over arbitrarily large areas.


The attacks considered for keystroke dynamics study especially adaptive strategies have commonly treated impersonation attempts known as zero-effort attacks. These attacks are generally the acquisition of other users of the same database while typing the same password without intending to impersonate the genuine user account. To deal with more realistic scenarios, we are interested in this paper to study the robustness of an adaptive strategy against four types of imposter attacks: zero-effort, spoof, playback and synthetic applied to the WEBGREYC database. Experimental results show that 1) playback and synthetic attacks are the most dangerous and increase the EER rates compared to the other attacks; 2) we also find that the impact of these attacks is more pronounced when the percentages of imposter samples are greater than those of genuine ones; 3) the spoof attacks achieve alarmingly higher FMR, FNMR, and EER rates compared to zero-effort impostor attacks; 4) FMR, FNMR, and EER are higher when the percentage of attacks increases; 5) the attacks belonging to the same user are more dangerous than those of different users in particular when the percentage of the attacks increases. In light of our results, we point out that the traditional attacks considered in research on keystroke-based authentication must evolve according to the evolution of the attacks of nowadays password-based applications.


Since the Viking missions to Mars in the 1970s, accounting for the costs associated with planetary protection implementation has not been done systematically during early project formulation phases, leading to unanticipated costs during subsequent implementation phases of flight projects. In the intervening period, more rigorous planetary protection requirements, resulting from new knowledge about the limits of life on Earth, have been developed. This, together with current plans to conduct life-detection experiments on a number of different solar system target bodies have motivated a systematic approach to integrating planetary protection requirements and mission design. A current development effort at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is aimed at integrating planetary protection requirements more fully into the early phases of mission architecture formulation and at developing tools to more rigorously predict associated cost and schedule impacts of architecture options chosen to meet planetary protection requirements


The invention provides a sheet feeding device and an image forming apparatus. A sheet feeding device includes a recording-medium container member that contains a recording medium; a restriction member that extends, at a downstream side of the recording-medium container member in a transporting direction of the recording medium, from one end side of the recording-medium container member in a width direction toward a location above the recording medium contained in the recording-medium container member, the restriction member including a restricting portion that restricts upward movement of the recording medium; and a guide member provided at the one end side of the recording-medium container member in the width direction and located upstream of the restriction member in the transporting direction of the recording medium, the guide member pressing the recording medium toward the other end side of the recording-medium container member in the width direction to adjust the transporting direction of the recording medium.


The environment and society are both the context for and product of human actions and interactions. Outdoor recreation is the primary interaction many people have with the environment and it is an interaction that greatly contributes to human well-being. To sustainably manage the social and ecological components of outdoor recreation, an integrative and dynamic systems perspective is needed. Analyses that link recreation management and recreational experiences to both social and ecological outcomes across multiple sales and over time are not developed. This article will outline how a number of fragmented recreation management frameworks such as the recreation experience model, beneficial outcomes, the recreation opportunity spectrum, limits of acceptable change, and constraints theory can be organized within a larger social-ecological framework. The outdoor recreation meta-framework presented here links structuration theory from the social sciences with theories of complex adaptive systems and hierarchical patch dynamics from ecology to understand the human and ecological drivers for and responses to outdoor recreation.


Abstract
Drawing from theories of structural power and relational competence, this paper proposes an innovative theoretical model able to predict relationship outcomes during adolescence by mapping the partners' resources and patterns of exchange in four contexts (family, work/school, leisure time, and survival) as power bases in the relationship. Adolescent dating is an important juncture in the developmental pathway to adult partnership, both in terms of relational satisfaction and relationship violence. Power processes can capture the dynamics of both healthy and unhealthy relationships, regardless of gender, contingent to the power advantage (or disadvantage) within the relationship and can produce predictable consequences for partner's behavior. Knowing which partner holds what kind and amount of power and in which decision-making areas may be used to predict the actions of either partner and ultimately identify the trajectories of their relationships.


Gliomas, especially malignant gliomas, are the most common primary brain tumors associated with high recurrence rate and significant mortality. The combination of surgery and radio-chemotherapy is the best treatment for them nowadays. However, due to their biological characteristics of invasive growth, they do not respond well to traditional therapy. How to target the tumor in situ, and inhibit tumor cell proliferation and invasion is the key for study. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated that Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin (BmK CT) , an important chlorotoxin-like peptide, specifically inhibited glioma cells growth and metastasis as a blocker of the chloride ion channel and matrix metallopro-teinase-2 (MMP-2) . The bioconjugates of BmK CT with other molecules have played an increasing role in targeted imaging and treatment of gliomas. In this review, its source, chemical structure and mechanisms will be provided. Besides, advantages and challenges in the use of BmK CT as a specific agent for imaging and theranostic applications in gliomas will be addressed.

Key words:
Glioma; Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin; Chlorotoxin; Targeted imaging; Targeted therapy


T HE DISCOVERY of gold in California set off a remarkable upheaval in American life, and it is to be expected that this would have a sharp impact on the American vocabulary. A reading of the literature of the period of the forty-niners and afterward sheds considerable new light on many words, as the list below indicates. I have read contemporary books, and also later diaries and reminiscences by those who lived during the period, excluding all works already listed in the Bibliography of the DAE. Previous discussions of the Californian contributions to the American


The invention belongs to the technical field of high molecular materials, and particularly relates to an aftertreatment method of a polyether ketone ketone crude product. The aftertreatment method includes: adding the polyether ketone ketone crude product into diethyl malonate, using diluted sulfuric acid to adjust PH, and heating for backflow to obtain a mixed liquid; adding a water solution of a metal complexing agent into the mixed liquid, continuing to stir for backflow, cooling, and filtering to obtain a polyether ketone ketone primary aftertreatment product; using water to wash the polyether ketone ketone primary aftertreatment product at normal temperature, and performing suction filtering and drying to obtain a polyether ketone ketone purified product. The aftertreatment method is simple in operation process, high in operability and production efficiency and suitable for industrial production.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture in treatment of patients with sciatica.Methods Patients in control group were treated by acupuncture,and patients in study group were treated by acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine,and all of them were treated for two therapeutic courses,then therapeutic effects were compared between these two groups.Results Study patients were efficiency(30.55%),the total efficiency(86.11%) was significantly higher(14.71%,67.65%),the differences wrer significant(P0.05).Conclusion The rate of effectiveness in patients with sciatica treated by traditional Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture is higher than that of patients in control group,and it is suitable for clinical recommendation.


The power of the integrated product model can be extended well beyond the mere definition of geometry, and this extension offers significant benefits to shipbuilders. The nature of computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) data allows use of arbitrarily extensible linked databases, which can contain any other information that might be useful for manufacture, production engineering, procurement, and even maintenance and operation of the ship throughout its life cycle.


Abstract. Common dolphins are subject to large-scale fishing activity and tourism operations in South Australia; however, there is a paucity of data on this species. Understanding the behaviour of a population can contribute greatly to our knowledge of a species and how to manage potential population-level threats. This paper describes the behaviour of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in Australian waters for the first time. Data were collected from 109 independent dolphin groups during boat-based surveys conducted in Gulf St Vincent, South Australia, between September 2005 and May 2008. Activity budgets were used to assess behaviour of common dolphins in relation to diel patterns, season, water depth, sea surface temperature (SST), group size and composition. Foraging (33.9%) and resting (2.8%) were the most and least frequently observed behaviours, respectively. Travelling (33.0%), socialising (20.2%) and milling (10.1%) accounted for the remainder of the activity budget. Diurnal differences were detected, with foraging (59.5%) and socialising (31.8%) groups most frequently observed from 10.00 to 11.59 hours. Behaviour did not vary seasonally or with water depth, SST, group size or composition. Behaviour varied significantly between single- and multispecies aggregations. Foraging was more frequent in multispecies aggregations, as 78.4% of all foraging behaviour observed for common dolphins occurred in the presence of other species. Multispecies aggregations were most frequently observed with flesh-footed shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes), which were present during 29.4% of common dolphin encounters. Behaviour varied significantly during aggregations with shearwaters, as 62.2% of foraging groups occurred in the presence of shearwaters. Resting, milling or socialising was rarely observed in the presence of any other species, indicating that the primary mechanism for aggregations is likely prey-related.


In mastication, humans perceive three types of stimuli: taste, aroma, and texture. Among the three types of stimuli, the texture is generated by physical factors and has a significant influence on preference. Therefore, food development needs to design and evaluate the texture. Currently, there are two types of texture evaluation: sensory evaluation and evaluation using measurement devices. Sensory evaluation has the disadvantages that individual differences cannot be ignored and that data acquisition is costly. To solve these disadvantages, studies on quantitative evaluation of texture by food measurement device has been conducted. It has been reported that texture can be evaluated in detail by using sensors with different application characteristics for texture evaluation using measuring devices. The texture profile analysis extracts feature values from force data as a standard evaluation method. This study measured three data that were used for texture evaluation: force, vibration, and sound. The Gaussian process regression determines the relationship between the measurement data and sensory evaluation data. In an experiment, seven kinds of snack foods were measured. Feature values were calculated from the measurement data. The Gaussian process regression estimated the sensory evaluation values. This study also focused on the effectiveness of the sound data for the estimation. The experimental data indicated that the three measurement data including the sound data contributed to lower errors of the texture estimation.