In this chapter, the author argues that this seemingly innocuous academic brouhaha, which came to be known as the Kubo Incident, holds the key to the understanding of the paradox of race in colonial Korea under Japanese rule. In the process of discrediting ill-founded academic racism that, with the help of the scientific outlook of physical anthropology provided a justification for discrimination against Koreans within the Japanese empire, Korean students and intellectuals unwittingly internalized racial ideas and subsequently strengthened the flip-side of the Japanese racial discourse that emphasized the racial affinity between the Koreans and the Japanese. In analyzing the Kubo Incident, which poignantly reveals the pervasiveness of racial discourse in colonial Korea, the chapter fills a gap left by the recent surge in research on Japanese anthropology and its role in Japan's colonial endeavor. Keywords:anthropologists; colonial Korea; Japanese empire; Kubo incident


Pistacia lentiscus leaves are used in several applications, thanks to their polyphenolic abundance. Thiswork aimed to characterize the polyphenols and to optimize the extraction conditions to shorten the time, decrease the consumption of solvent, and to maximize the yield of different classes of phenolics, which have diverse industrial applications. The variables were optimized by applying a Box–Behnken design. Galloyl and myricetin derivatives were the most abundant compounds, and two new tetragalloyl derivatives were identified by LC-MS/MS. According to the models, the maximum yields of polyphenols (51.3 ± 1.8 mg g−1 DW) and tannins (40.2 ± 1.4 mg g−1 DW) were obtained using 0.12 L g−1 of 40% ethanol at 50 °C. The highest content of flavonoids (10.2 ± 0.8 mg g−1 DW) was obtained using 0.13 L g−1 of 50% ethanol at 50 °C, while 0.1 L g−1 of 30% ethanol at 30 °C resulted in higher amounts of myricitrin (2.6 ± 0.19 mg g−1 DW). Our optimized extraction decreased the ethanolic fraction by 25% and halved the time compared to other methods. These conditions can be applied differently to obtain P. lentiscus extracts richer in tannins or flavonoids, which might be employed for various purposes.


Spinal opioid analgesia utilizing opioid analgesics has been one of the major developments during the past decade in the management of acute and chronic pain. The relief of pain is due to the interaction of the opioid injected epidurally or intrathecally with a specific opioid receptor in the spinal cord. The result is zones of segmental analgesia without the loss of motor function or loss of other sensory modalities, such as touch sensation. The direct demonstration of opioid receptors (1-3) and the isolation of endogenous opioid-like peptides from the central nervous system (4,5) were all due to the application of the receptor theory. These developments have had a great impact on the research on pain and pain modulation. In the late 1960's and early 1970's, neurophysiological and neuropharmacological studies demonstrated suppressive effects of various general anesthetics and opioid analgesics on the nociceptive neurons of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (6-11). Coinciding with the discovery of opioid receptors and the isolation of endogenous opioid-like peptides, the results of these neurophysiological and neuropharmacological studies led to the demonstration of anti-nociception in behaving animals (12) and eventually to human application of spinal opioid analgesia (13). As with any new technique, spinal opioid analgesia has side effects which include respiratory depression, development of tolerance, urinary retention, pruritis, and somnolence. Among those complications, respiratory depression following spinal opioid application is potentially the most dangerous. It is a


With the development of college education,there were some issues in the content,method,mean and practice in teaching the course of Chemical Instrument and Automation.In order to improve teaching effect and quality,the paper present some methods and measures of teaching reform.


Abstract : We have identified NuSAP as prognostic marker upregulated in recurrent prostate tumors. Our grant aimed at identifying the role of NuSAP in promoting proliferation and invasion in Prostate Cancer and identify genes that upregulate NuSAP expression. To characterize the role and regulation of NuSAP in prostate cancer, we studied the expression of NuSAP in the LNCaP and PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Post-transcriptional silencing of the NuSAP gene severely hampered the ability of PC3 to invade and proliferate in vitro. The promoter region of the NuSAP gene contains 2 CCAAT boxes and binding sites for E2F. Transient transfection of an E2F1 cDNA and 431 bp of the NuSAP promoter demonstrated E2F1 as an important regulator of expression. Deletion of the E2F binding site at nt -246 negated the effects of E2F1 on NuSAP expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that nuclear extracts of cells over-expressing E2F1 bound directly to the E2F binding site in the NuSAP promoter region. Finally, immunohistochemistry showed a strong correlation between E2F1 and NuSAP expression in human prostate cancer samples. NuSAP is a novel biomarker for prostate cancer recurrence after surgery and its over-expression appears to be driven in part by E2F1 activation.


Because of the remarkable improvement of the policies , regulations and environment, the theory of level development in university has been admitted gradually, and we need a large number of applied talents in our socio-economic development, and the educational scale of our country's vocational college has already taken the independent section in normal higher education. But there still exist many problems such as a law level of running a school and the difficulty in students' emploment, the ragged teachers' team and the downward trend of teaching quality, low management leveleve and the outmoded Schooling idea, little investment from the government and unsmooth channel of bringing in funds Therefore, the paper puts forward the following developing strategy: to cooperate in communicating, to put up the platform; to combine teaching with industry, to optimize the functions; to strengthen management, to stress the characteristics; to promote the level, to adapt to the development of the society.


It is surprising that a rarely large-scale Pennsylvanian Fomitchevella coral reef present in South Guizhou, China. So the reef-forming environment naturally becomes the object of universal attention. Only brachiopods that are free of any signs of late diagenetic alteration and shared the same living environment with Fomitchevella can be used to extract environmental information of paleoseawater. Although shell preservation state is tested initially using conventional selection criteria, there are still concerns as to whether the selected brachiopod shells of Striatifera striata and Enteletoides shuichengensis do indeed contain original seawater signals. In this study, we assess the shell's original state by evaluating the symmetry of the element distribution in transverse section of dorsal valve. The results show that Fe, Mn, Sr and Ni distributions are nearly symmetrical about a line through the middle of the transect. Symmetry of element distribution pattern is considered an intrinsic ontogenetic property of the brachiopod shell chemistry.


Background: Mediastinitis is devastating complication of median sternotomy incisions. The condition is compounded by an associated infection of the prosthetic aortic graft. We described a case where vacuum assisted closure (VAC) device was used for the preservation of the prosthetic graft and an anterolateral thigh (ALT) musculocutaneous free flap was used successfully for reconstruction. Aim and Objectives: Introduce the concept that VAC can be used successfully for the preservation of prosthetic grafts and a free flap simplifies the reconstruction of large complex sternal defects. Materials and methods: We describe a case of a 51-year-old man with acute aortic dissection, who had undergone prosthetic graft replacement of the ascending aorta. He presented two months later with purulent discharge from the sternotomy wound. Surgery revealed necrosis of the steranl bone as well as frank pus around the prosthetic graft. Multiple debridements were performed. Vacuum assisted closure was used successfully in the preservation of the prosthetic graft and also as a bridge prior to definitive reconstruction. Vacuum assisted closure was exchanged four times with an interval of 3-4 days. The resultant large degect was reconstructed with an anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous free flap. The muscular portion of the flap was used as a tamponade for the mediastinal space and to envelope the exposed prosthetic graft, with the fasciocutaneous portion of flap used for wound closure. Results: The flap survived completely. The prosthetic graft was well preserved. An acceptable cosmetic result was achieved. Conclusion: VAC can be used successfully for the preservation of prosthetic grafts. Free flap reconstruction is an optional method in the reconstruction of large complex defects involving the sternum and the medistinum.


Censorship must understand the set of actions of the state or groups of fact or formal existence able to impose a manuscript or galley proofs of the work of a writer deletions or changes against the will of the author. Consequently, censorship affects the work of writers, preventing the free expression of their ideas for a requisite indispensable literary or artistic creation. However, a detailed analysis of the power relations that exist in every society, many writers were able throughout history to carry out an indirect criticism through ambiguous language, if not contradictory, tacitly led to a complaint in repressive contexts. It is in this sense that this article analyzes the subject of censorial phenomenon, exposing the theoretical development of the concept of censorship and seeking to insert it in an historical analysis. The article aims to understand theoretically what is the censorial control and his various facets. Some concepts of Pierre Bourdie or Michel Foucault are extremely useful for the purposes of this study, which underscore the repressive systems that determine and shape the constitution of controlled subjects.


[Objective] The study was to sequence the whole genome of FMDV serotype A/HeN/1/2009 and analyze the characteristics contained in these gene sequences,this will be help us to study the pathogenicity and epidemicity of FMDV serotype A frequently occurred in these years and also be a great help to develop vaccines to prevent and control FMD.[Method] The related gene segments of A/HeN/1/2009 were amplified by RT-PCR and these genes were sent to sequencing company for sequencing.The epidemiological features of this serotype were analyzed by DNAStar.[Result] The whole genome was 8 171 nts[not including poly(C) section and poly(A) tail].The length of 5'-UTR,3'-UTR and protein coding regions were 1 080 nts,92 nts,and 6 999 nts respectively.The analysis of epidemiological features showed that A/HeN/1/2009 was the VN09 subline belong to southeast Asia topology type Laos03 system,the homologies in turn were 87.3%-91.8%,93.7%-94.5%,96.9%-98.4%.[Conclusion] A24V,N85R,S196T of VP1 protein,I61V,T128S,E147G and A134V of 3A protein played key role in the pathogenicity of FMDV serotype A.We also found that the motif sequence of VP1 in A/HeN/1/2009 was RSD.


My graduation thesis Influence of family environment on sane development and education of the child, it is a declaratory description of the terms family and its function, significance of family environment, forms of foster care, influence of socially pathological patterns in the family and their impact on the psychical development of the child. Further, I approach the personality and the conditions having influence on it. I describe on the end of the thesis the forms of the education at contemporary families and I show in specific cases the negative and positive patterns influencing the education.


Minute mutations were induced in Drosophila melanogaster wild stock Suchumi by x rays and the kineiics of their incidence was followed throughout gametogenesis. Spermatogenesis was much more sensitive to the induction of Minute mutations than oogenesis. All broods of spermatogenesis, like all broods of oogenesis, showed approximately similar frequencies of Minutes. The dose response was approximately exponential. Most of the Minutes found in F/sub 1/ were transmissible to F/sub 2/. The results of our experiments are in good agreement with Fahmys' hypothesis of interference of macromolecules with normal DNA synthesis. (auth)


The impact of communication on Nigerian modern development has been pervasive, this paper thus wishes to' consider expeditious rural communication programme as it affects socio-cultural, economic and political aspects of Nigerian development. This is because expeditious rural communication will allow people to make judicious use of facilities in their localities. It will also bring about the necessary changes in peoples' altitudes towards material development. A new concept is thus expected to emerge from the rank and file .of rural dwellers. This will lead to an enduring attitudinal change, which is a function of learning and understanding brought about by receiver-oriented content of communication That is,. exchange of ideas in a reciprocal and interactive environment based on, not feedback that helps the source to fortify its strategy in order to 'win' but feedback that helps the source to appreciate where the receiver is coming from and makes him to see the need to help the receiver (at the receiver's pace and within his contexts) to reach a rational decision. Expeditions rural communication therefore is an indispensable tool that has a very 'important role to play in rural development and transformation. This will therefore lead to the emergence of the long awaited socio-political and economic integration of the country.


A simple method is presented for deriving the mean and variance of the queueing time distribution in an M/G/1 queue when the priorities assigned to customers have an assignment probability distribution. Several examples illustrate the results. The mean and variance of the queueing time distribution for the longest service time discipline are derived, and its disadvantages are discussed.


N January I844, an article appearing in the London Foreign Quarterly Review excoriated American poets as either imitators or plagiarists. The single exception, according to the anonymous reviewer, was Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, "unquestionably the first of her [America's] poets," 1 whose excellence derived from his education in the European literary tradition rather than the provincial culture of the United States. The review touched off a controversy that occupied writers in the periodical press for the next year and a half. Edgar Allan Poe, rankled by the remarks in the Foreign Quarterly Review, directed his animus at Longfellow's Waif in a I3 and I4 January I845 review in Nathaniel Parker Willis' New York Evening Mirror. Charging Longfellow with plagiarism, Poe drew a further comparison between Thomas Hood's "The Death-Bed" (also appearing in The Waif) and James Aldrich's "A Death-Bed," and declared: "somebody is a thief."2 With this opening battle in


The long term goal of the funded research is to understand how heavy metals are taken up from the soil and translocated throughout the plant. The potential application of this research is to create plants with better heavy metal uptake systems and thereby improve the ability of these plants to help clean up toxic metals from soils. A rate limiting step is using plant for bioremediation is the normally poor capacity of plants to concentrate toxic metals. Our interest in metal ion transport systems includes those for essential mineral nutrients such as molybdenum, copper, iron, manganese, as well as toxic metals such as cerium, mercury, cesium, cadmium, arsenic and selenium. Understanding the pathways by which toxic metals accumulate in plants will enable the engineering of plants to exclude toxic metals and create healthier food sources, or to extract toxic metals from the soil as a strategy to clean up polluted lands and water.


Limited locking range in injection locked oscillator based phase shifter (ILPS) is of main concern when used in the local oscillator (LO) path of phased-array systems. This severely limits their use due to failure to lock the free-running oscillator. To overcome this limitation this paper proposes a wide locking range ILPS in the C-band (4 to 8 GHz). The design is aimed to achieve wide locking range at low injection power. Wide locking range is achieved by means of self injection in a CMOS cross-coupled oscillator which reduces oscillator power in a controlled way. The ILPS achieves a locking-range of 3 GHz at 5.3 GHz center frequency under fundamental injection at 0 dBm input power. The ILPS is implemented in a 90-nm RF CMOS process and consumes only 25mW DC power under a 1.8V supply.


Introduction: Aerobic fitness expresses the abilities of both cardiorespiratory and muscular systems to transport and utilize oxygen for energy. Fitness level of an individual depends on oxygen which can be transported by the body to working muscles to use that oxygen, hence maximum oxygen uptake capacity VO2 max is widely considered to be reliable indicator of fitness. Aim and Objectives: To assess the aerobic fitness and physiological parameters in young male basket ball players. Methodology: Present study was conducted on 60 young adult male within the age group of 18-20 yrs. Group-A consisted of thirty male participants who played basket ball at least five times per week, for six month duration and Group-B consisted of thirty male participants who were control group and not engaged in any type of exercise. Parameters like VO2 Max, Pulse Rate, Blood Pressure and BMI were analysed before and after six months in both the groups. Results: Student's paired 't' test was used to compare results before and after six months in both the groups while Student's unpaired 't' test was used to compare results of basket ball players with that of control group. VO2 max was increased while BMI, pulse rate and blood pressure was decreased in basket ball player group as compared to control group. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conclusion: Basket ball players had increased values of VO2 max, decreased pulse rate, blood pressure and BMI as compared to control group. This positive aerobic fitness and physiological outcomes of playing basket ball needs to be popularized among younger generations.


The state and measurement innovation variances are defined as Qt = (B −1 s ) ′Hst(B−1 s ), (2) Rt = (B −1 y ) ′Hyt(B−1 y ), respectively, where Hst and Hyt are diagonal matrices with univariate stochastic volatilities along the main diagonal and Bs and By are triangular matrices with ones along the main diagonal and static covariance parameters below. The univariate stochastic volatilities are geometric random walks; the vectors σs and σy list their innovation variances. The notation x represents the complete history of xt. We use a 'Metropolis-within-Gibbs' algorithm to simulate the posterior. The parameters are partitioned into 7 blocks: ∗New York University. Email: email@example.com. †Northwestern University, CEPR, and NBER. Email: email@example.com. ‡New York University and Hoover Institution, Stanford University. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. The MCMC algorithm for the univariate AR is a special case of that for the VAR.


The identity of chromospheric Ca II H- and K-line emission has been monitored for two seasons in a large sample of Hyades F and G dwarfs. Mean emission levels vary smoothly with spectral type, suggesting that the rotation rate at a given spectral type varies relatively little, and that the rotation rate decreases smoothly as a function of mass. In this case the mechanism which controls pre-main-sequence angular momentum loss in late-type stars must be self-regulating to a high degree.


To compare the accuracy of standard model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score with that of four MELD‐based scores incorporating serum sodium (SNa) to predict three‐ and six‐month mortality in cirrhotic patients after their placement on the waiting list for liver transplantation (LT). A cohort study was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for MELD, MELD incorporating SNa (MELD‐Na, MELD‐Na2), integrated MELD (iMELD), and MELD to SNa ratio (MESO) index to assess the predictive accuracy of these scores to determine three‐ and six‐month mortality. The c‐statistic (area under the ROC curve [AUC]) was used to determine predictive power and the Cox proportional‐hazard ratio to estimate death risk. We studied 558 patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the predictive accuracy of scores at three months (AUCs: MELD = 0.79 [95% CI = 0.72–0.87]; MELD‐Na = 0.84 [95% CI = 0.78–0.90]; MELD‐Na2 = 0.85 [95% CI = 0.80–0.91]; iMELD = 0.85 [95% CI = 0.80–0.90]; MESO = 0.81 [95% CI = 0.80–0.91]) and at six months (MELD = 0.73 [95% CI = 0.67–0.80]; MELD‐Na = 0.79 [95% CI = 0.73–0.84]; MELD‐Na2 = 0.80 [95% CI = 0.74–0.85]; iMELD = 0.80 [95% CI = 0.75–0.85]; MESO = 0.75 [95% CI = 0.69–0.81]) (p < 0.001). Death risk was independent of age and sex. Sodium‐modified MELD scores are able to more accurately predict three‐ and six‐month mortality among cirrhotic patients awaiting LT.


4572 Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is related to many tumor treatments. RC48-ADC, a novel humanized anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E, has shown a promising efficacy in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). The characteristic expression and scoring systems of HER2 have existed in breast cancer, gastric cancer for many years, but not in UC. We aimed to explore the expression pattern of HER2 in UC and develop a validated HER2 scoring system. Methods: A total of 137 patients and 43 patients in two studies of cohort 1 and cohort 2 were enrolled, respectively. The patients of the cohort 2 were enrolled in the open-label, multicenter, phase II study of RC48-ADC. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded urothelial cancer samples were tested for HER2 status using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) PathVysion HER2 DNA probe kit (PathVysion, Abbott Molecular, USA). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using the Ventana Benchmark XT (Ventana Medical Systems, USA). The 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 scoring system of breast cancer was adopted and modified to score HER2 expression level in UC. Results: The expression rate of HER2 (IHC 2+/3+) was 24.1% (33/137). In HER2 IHC status 3+ or 2+ patients, the HER2 amplified rate was 31% (13/42). The objective response rates in RC48-ADC treatment patients with IHC 3+, IHC 2+ and FISH +, IHC 2+ and FISH - were 58.8%, 66.7% and 40%, respectively. Heterogeneity of HER2 protein expression was 55.5% (15/27) and the objective response rate had no significant difference between patients with tumor heterogeneity and homogeneity. Conclusions: The modified HER2 testing scoring system could be applied to UC to determine which patient might benefit from anti-HER2-ADC treatment. There was a trend towards a better benefit for patients with HER2 amplification and the tumor heterogeneity did not influence the drug efficacy.


Stochastic processes play an important role in gene regulatory networks. For many years, methods and algorithms have been developed to solve the problems regarding stochastic mechanisms in the cellular reaction system. Discrete Chemical Master Equation (dCME) is a method developed to analyze biological networks by computing the exact probability distribution of the microstates. With this method, because all computations and analyses of probability distribution can be processed based on the enumerated microstates, network microstates enumeration has been considered as a significant and prerequisite step. However, there is no efficient enumeration method. Applications will perform poorly when enumeration must address a complex or large network. To improve these microstate computation and analysis methods, we propose an efficient algorithm to enumerate microstates using Matrix Network, a new data structure we designed. Unlike traditional methods that perform the enumeration using simulation to apply reactions, the proposed approach utilizes the correlation of the microstate values and the geometric structure of the microstate map to accelerate the enumeration computation. In this paper, the theoretical basis, features and algorithms of Matrix Network are discussed. Moreover, sample applications demonstrating computation and analysis using Matrix Network are provided.


This article reviews current recommendations for the type of concrete suitable for use in acidic conditions, expecially in contact with acidic groundwater, and the limited data on concrete performance available. Types of acidic waters are first described (ie waters containing mineral acids, humic acids or carbolic acids). Factors controlling the rate of attack on concrete by such acidity are also discussed. It is the rate of penetration of the acid which will govern the durability of the concrete and the chief factors to consider are: a) chemical factors such as type of acid and its ph, the cementitious binder and the type of aggregate; B) physical factors relating to the composition of the concrete and the type of exposure. For example, the existence of a head of water on one side of the concrete or movement of water over the concrete surface; c) soil type and permeability; d) goundwater. Tables giving requirements for concrete exposed to: i) sulphate, II) acidic water; and III) attack from acids of ph greater than 2.5 are provided as is a table setting out the French standard for concrete in acid and sulphate groundwaters. A procedure for the classification of acid soils and waters is also suggested.


This paper analyzes zero-forcing (ZF) code-aided narrow-band interference (NBI) rejection in synchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems of complex channel circumstance. The performance of decoding is badly affected based on general ZF code-aided techniques because of the phase of complex gain accounting for channel effects. The system based on modified ZF code-aided technique could cancellate or relieve the effects but attend by high computational complexity. So this paper designs a new optimal restrictive ZF code-aided technique to solve this problem without the increasing of computational complexity. The conclusion is approved by experiments.


Undoped and Ce-doped CaLaAl3O7 crystals were synthesized by the optical floating zone method and photoluminescence and scintillation properties were evaluated. A broad peak at 420 nm due to the 5d-4f transitions of Ce3+ is observed from the Ce-doped samples based on the measurement of photoluminescence and scintillation spectra. The photoluminescence and scintillation decay time constants attributable to the 5d-4f transitions of Ce3+ are obtained in the Ce-doped samples. The 1.0% and 3.0% Ce-doped samples show relatively high scintillation light yields of 230–260 ph/5.5 MeV-α from pulse height analysis under irradiation of α-rays from 241Am. The best afterglow level is 160 ppm in the 3.0% Ce-doped sample among the present samples.


This article seeks to demonstrate that John Milton ś political tract is a timeless and universal text that has never belonged to any specifi c era, and that the source of such timelessness and universality is undoubtedly its specifi c and convoluted language. In the fi rst section, emphasis is given to the historical context of the text and the motives which led Milton to write Areopagitica. The second section is more analytical and is devoted to the power of language and to the structure of the tract. Hence, this part is an attempt to analyze and to dissect Milton ś style, full of thought-provoking ideas, rich in biblical references, metaphors, personifi cations, connection to  ancient authors, Latin expressions, images, and a number of other literary devices that have made of Milton ś Areopagitica a timeless and universal text.


The relation between torsional shear stress and transverse rotational angle of earphone cable was investigated due to hypothecated to play an important role in the cable entanglement. The cable was hung with a circular plate and attached to force sensor on top. The experiment was carried out by rotating the plate stepwise at 90 degrees each for 80 times reaching 7200 degrees in total. Experimental results exhibit the fluctuation of longitudinal force with period almost exactly equals to a complete circle of transverse rotational displacement. It is also found that average longitudinal force tends to increase with counter clockwise rotation while decreasing in clockwise direction. We then conclude that the relationship between torsional shear stress and transverse torsion of the cable can be described by trigonometric function with linear changing of average amplitude.


Energy is an important material and dynamic basis to promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. With the rapid development of informatization and digitalization, energy internet platform has become a powerful driving force for the construction of a new rural energy system. First of all, this paper analyzes the functional requirements of the rural energy internet platform from four aspects: planning and decision-making, agricultural production, clean heating and market prosperity. Secondly, according to the functional requirements of the platform, a functional framework of rural energy internet platform is established. Finally, four typical application scenarios of planning and decision-making, intelligent agriculture, intelligent heating and platform economy are established. It is of a certain significance for serving rural revitalization through energy methods.


An examination of various methods for mass flow rate measurements was undertaken to evaluate their applicability for measuring refrigerant R-134a two-phase mass flow in refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment. An experimental apparatus was constructed to generate the required two-phase flow conditions. A turbine and a venturi flowmeter were used together with either a capacitance transducer or a gamma densitometer to determine the two-phase mass flow rate. The time-averaged void fraction was measured using a capacitance transducer and a gamma densitometer. Their measurements were in good agreement. Hence, for mass flow rate measurements, the capacitance transducer was used as the void fraction meter because of its ease of operation. A number of models were used to combine the output of either the turbine flowmeter or the venturi flowmeter, with the void fraction measurement to estimate the mass flow rate. It was found that, within the range of experimental data tested in the present work, the venturi flowmeter, in conjunction with Chisholm's model, provided the best agreement with the experimental results.


Two experiments investigated the processing and appreciation of double grounding, a form of intentional ambiguity often used in the construction of headlines. For example, in "Russia takes the froth off Carlsberg results," the key element, "takes the froth off," is significant both metaphorically, where it refers to the detrimental impact of Russia, and metonymically via a contextual link between the company Carlsberg and beer, its best-known product. This study predicted that double-grounded metaphors would be more cognitively demanding than comparable single-grounded metaphors (where there is no such contextual link) and that, consequently, they would result in greater cognitive effects. Experiment 1 found longer reading times for headlines that employed double-grounded metaphors than for headlines that employed single-grounded metaphors with a similar meaning. Results suggested the re-profiling of the literal interpretation in double-grounded metaphors is cognitively demanding. Experiment 2 found that double-grounded metaphors were rated higher on a wittiness scale than single-grounded ones, revealing the aesthetic effect of double grounding. Results of Experiment 2 also suggest that participants in Experiment 1 were aware of the local ambiguity, ruling out the possibility that increased reading times observed in that experiment indexed failure of comprehension. Results of both experiments are discussed in terms of ideas from cognitive semantics.


AIM:To study the effects of Xintai capsule on the cardiohemodymatics and myocardial oxygen consumption in anesthetized dogs.METHODS:Experimental technology of in vivo heart of anesthetized dogs was adopted.After Xintai capsule was administrated to the anesthetized dogs through duodenum,the parameters of hemodynamics,PO_(2) and myocardial oxygen consumption(MVO_(2))were determined at different times.RESULTS:The total peripheral vessel resistance,the amount of myocardial oxygen consumption and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were reduced,and coronary blood flow,cardiac output,stroke volume,left ventricular summit pressure,maximum ascending/descending rate of left ventricular pressure,cardiac index,sroke index and left ventricular working index were increased.CONCLUSION:Xintai capsule can improve the cardiohemodynamics and myocardial oxygen consumption in anesthetized dogs.


The NP-complete Vertex Cover problem has been intensively studied in the field of parameterized complexity theory. However, there exists only little work concerning important generalizations of Vertex Cover like Partial Vertex Cover, Connected Vertex Cover, and Capacitated Vertex Cover which are of high interest in theory as well as in real-world applications. So far research was mainly focused on the approximability of these problems. It was shown recently that, with the size of the vertex cover as parameter, Connected Vertex Cover and Capacitated Vertex Cover are both fixed-parameter tractable whereas Partial Vertex Cover is W [1]-hard. We will study the fixed-parameter tractability of these problems using another parameter, called the treewidth, which describes the "tree-likeness" of the input graph. Our dynamic programming approaches lead to exact algorithms for graph classes with small treewidth. With these algorithms we show that Partial Vertex Cover and Connected Vertex Cover are fixed-parameter tractable using treewidth as a parameter, and that Capacitated Vertex Cover is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to treewidth for graphs with bounded vertex degree. Additionally, we will consider a variant of Capacitated Vertex Cover which is NPcomplete for trees. For this problem we show that it is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the vertex degree.


This paper addresses the work to develop a computationally inexpensive and fast method of building an anatomically
accurate and dynamic three-dimensional digital model of the human head. The digital head model is proposed to be used as a versatile tool where the orientation of the head model, and the tissue property information and tissue layers displayed are controlled by user input. A complete three-dimensional head model is constructed from many MRI slice scans with the coordinates of each boundary point stored in a three-dimensional array.


Bamboo charcoal is made from biomass with porous structure. The performance of bamboo charcoal (BC) and KMnO4-modified BC was studied with a bench-scale fixed-bed reactor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and BET surface area analysis were used to determine the physical and chemical property of the sorbents. The results show that the modification increased the oxygen functionalities and π electrons, which facilitate the mercury oxidation on sorbent surface and act as possible active centers for elemental mercury.


Crack sealing is a routine and necessary operation of pavement maintenance. Manual observation of road surfaces has been the most common method for evaluating road surface cracks around the world. However it is difficult to objectively and accurately assess the road cracks based on human visual perception. The ultimate objective of this study is to evaluate crack sealing performance on highways, in order to choose the best crack sealing practice in an automated manner. As a preliminary step, this paper discusses how to define crack sealing performance and propose a research methodology to quantify the level of road surface distress using video image processing.


It was the aim of our study to determine the collection efficiency and yield of CD34+ cells in 88 cancer patients (pts, 44 males/44 females) who underwent 154 large‐volume leukaphereses (LV‐LPs). The diagnoses were as follows: 18 patients had Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, 9 Hodgkin's disease, 24 multiple myeloma, 6 acute leukemia, 27 breast cancer, and 4 patients had solid tumors of different types. During the course of LV‐LPs, 20 liters (l) of blood were processed at a median flow‐rate of 85 ml/min (CS 3000 Baxter) and 130 ml/min (COBE Spectra), respectively. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were collected following granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐supported cytotoxic chemotherapy. A 31% and 21% mean decrease in the platelet and white blood count was noted at the end of the LV‐LPs when compared with the pre‐leukapheresis values. The aphereses were well tolerated without adverse effects. The level of circulating CD34+ cells was closely related to the number of CD34+ cells contained in the respective leukapheresis product (R = 0.89, P < 0.001). Compared with 270 patients who underwent 838 regular 101 LPs, the yield of CD34+ cells/kg was almost two‐fold greater (4.84 ± 0.63 × 106 [Mean ± SEM] vs 2.60 ± 0.16 × 106, P < 0.001). The antigenic profile of CD34+ cells was assessed in 54 separate products collected on the occasion of 27 LV‐LPs following the processing of 101 and 201, respectively. The intra‐individual comparison included differentiation as well as lineage‐associated markers (CD38, Thy‐1, c‐kit, CD33, CD45RA). No difference in the subset composition was observed between the first and second product, arguing against a preferential release of particular CD34+ cell subsets during the procedure. As shown by molecular biological or immunocytochemical examination, the likelihood of harvesting malignant cells using large‐volume aphereses was not increased in comparison with regular leukaphereses. Single harvests of ≥2.5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg could be obtained in 74% of the patients, compared with 52% in case of regular LPs. As the majority of patients were autografted with more than 2.5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg following high‐dose therapy, hematological recovery in general was rapid and not related to the type of apheresis product used. Considering patient comfort and savings in resource utilization, large‐volume leukaphereses have become the standard procedure for PBSC collection in our center. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The growing energy demand in developing nations has triggered the issue of energy security. Exploiting renewable energy sources for electricity production has been extensively investigated over recent years, and many countries especially Egypt have been working to promote the use of renewable energy to decrease energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Egypt has a climate, which is characterized by hot dry summers and mild winters. Most of the country enjoys many hours of sunshine and high levels of illumination. This has given birth to the widespread use of solar water heaters, but as yet there has been little development of domestic electricity generation using photovoltaic (PV) panels. Grid connected PV systems have become the best alternatives in solar energy application, fast solution and economical. Performance analysis of this grid connected prototype could help in designing, operating and maintenance of new grid connected systems. A 5.5 kW photovoltaic grid connected prototype is installed on the roof of Benha faculty of engineering, Benha, Egypt. The site receives a good average solar radiation about 6.2 kWh/m/day and annual average temperature of about 21.9 oC. The plant is designed to operate with a fixed tilt angle. In this study the solar PV plant design aspects along with its annual performance is investigated. The various types of power losses (temperature, internal network, power electronics, grid connected etc.) and performance ratio are also calculated. The performance results of the plant are also compared with other simulated results obtained from PV-syst software. Keywords—Solar energy; Photovoltaic; PV syst software; PVPerformance; Energy efficiency.


Some problems of process,adsorbent and program control valve in a pressure swing adsorption unit(PSA)of hydrogen generation plant of Yanshan Petrochemical Company,SINOPEC,were analyzed and revamped.The results showed that after reforming,hydrogen yield reached 50000-51000m3/h,hydrogen purity reached more than 99.9%(volume fraction),the average volume fraction of CO in hydrogen was reduced from 57.05×10-6 to 6.30×10-6,the recovery ratio of hydrogen was above 88.00%,and the average volume fraction of hydrogen in off-gas was 22.99% when feedstock gas contained 3000-3400m3/h hydrogenation tail gas.And all of the results obtained above could meet the design requirements,and the unit run smoothly.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of oral versus parenteral therapy to improve the Hb level among antenatal women with iron deficiency anaemia. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study conducted in northern India among antenatal women with iron deficiency anaemia. The inclusion criteria were Hb concentration less than 11 gm/dl and gestational age 21-36 weeks. A total of 230 women were included in the study and divided randomly into 2 groups: Group-A was given 240 mg elemental iron as ferrous sulphate for 8 weeks. Group B was given parenteral iron at the same interval as in Group A. Results: The Hb level was significantly (p=0.0001) increased in both the groups from before (Group A=8.56±1.18, Group B=8.31±1.03) supplementation to after supplementation (Group A=11.77±1.20, Group B=12.20±1.70). The increase was lower among the women of Group A (27.3%) as compared to Group B (31.9%). There was no association between age & gestational age of women and percentage increase in Hb in both the groups. About one third of the women of both Group A (32.2%) and Group B (31.3%) women experienced constipation. CONCLUSION We found that the parentral iron therapy in the form of iron sucrose was better choice to reduce iron efficiency anaemia as compared to oral therapy. Early supplementation will help to decrease the risk of blood transfusion during the peripartum period.


THE GENUS SOBRALIA , AS WE NOWunderstand it, includes about 100named species, though I think thisnumber will grow a great deal. We knowabout 50 species from Mexico andCentral America, but about half of themhave been described in the last 15 yearsby Dressler (some co-authored byBogarin or Pupulin) and we now haveseveral more new species to describe,mostly from Costa Rica or Panama (butwe have not even begun to sampleHonduras or Nicaragua). Consideringthat the number of species increasessteadily from Mexico to Panama, I thinkthere are still many anonymous sobraliasin Andean South America. Here, though,I won't even try to discuss all of theCentral American species.The "type specimen" is a criticalelement in plant identification. When anew plant species is described, theremust be a type specimen deposited insome institution. The real problem withSobralia is that the delicate flowers aredifficult to preserve. If one presses theflowers early in the morning and driesthem quickly, the specimen may beuseful, but if the flowers are not driedquickly, they become mere stains on thepaper. The type specimen is critical inthe identification of plant species, butin the case of Sobralia, we often needto study the living flowers in the field(preferably at the original type locality)to understand the type specimen, ratherthan the reverse. When there is neithertype specimen nor type locality, itbecomes difficult to identify a species.The structure of the inflorescencedivides Sobralia into three rather clearmajor groups: two smaller (in numbersof species), and one much larger. I willnot try to use the most "correct" namefor each group here. We should soonsee the results of DNA analyses doneby Kurt Neubig and his colleagues atthe University of Florida. Then, I hope,the whole group may receive somemuch-needed revision, and at leastsome of the group names will change.Thus, I do not want to over-emphasizetemporarily "correct" names that maysoon change. The three groups are:1. What Reichenbach calledBrasolia, large plants with axillary(lateral) racemes, about 17 species.2. What Brieger called SectionRacemosae, a group with about thesame number of species, but withterminal racemes. Sobralia rosea isperhaps the best known. These, like thelast group, are mostly large plants ofAndean South America.3. In numbers of species, SectionAbbreviatae Brieger is by far thelargest. In these, the inflorescence isterminal and usually rather conelike.One can easily imagine how the plantsof Section Abbreviatae could arise froman ancestor of Section Racemosae bysimply shortening the inflorescence.The number of species in this groupcould easily reach 80 or 100. I shouldadd that there are some species thatdon't look much like plants typical forSection Abbreviatae, and some of themhave been given other group names,but the results of DNA analysissuggest that most of these odd groupsfall in Section Abbreviatae, eventhough they may look quite differentin one feature or another.As far as we know, most sobraliasare pollinated by bees in nature, andwe sometimes find bees carryingSobralia pollinia on their backs (but itis difficult to identify the soft pollinia ofSobralia to species, except, perhaps byDNA analysis). There are surely, also,species pollinated by hummingbirds, asin Sobralia crocea, Sobralia amabilisand Sobralia callosa. In most species ofSobralia, the pollinia are deposited onthe back of the bee as it backs out of theflower, but in Sob. callosa the stigmaticlobes face outward, suggesting that thepollinia are deposited as the bird's beakenters the flower.The majority of the sobralias of theAbbreviatae group have flowers that areephemeral, lasting only a few hours, andmost of them show "gregarious"(synchronous) flowering; most of theplants of a given species flower on thesame days at irregular intervals, probablycontrolled by variation in temperature.Flowers that last only a few hours couldnot accomplish cross-pollination if theyopened on different days.


and thus, one could define a linear map between H(M) and the dual (Hn−k c (M)) ∗ of Hn−k c (M), DM : H (M)→ (Hm−k c (M))∗ Lemma 1.1 (five lemma)Let fj : Mj → Mj+1, f ′ j : M ′ l → M ′ j+1, φj : Mj → M ′ j be homomorphisms between modulos such that the following diagram commutes and the two horizontal sequences are exact. M1 f1 −→ M2 f2 −→ M3 f3 −→ M4 f4 −→ M5 φ1 ↓ φ2 ↓ φ3 ↓ φ4 ↓ φ5 ↓ M ′ 1 f ′ 1 −→ M ′ 2 f ′ 2 −→ M ′ 3 f ′ 3 −→ M ′ 4 f ′ 4 −→ M ′ 5


In this paper, Bakhtin's theory of carnival is applied in an analysis of young, subcultural Norwegians' accounts of their yearly celebrations in the NorwegianSwedish border zone. We witness a scene open for grotesqueries, laughter and sexual freedom. In this context, the carnivalesque becomes a language to challenge the norms and roles of egalitarian, frugal and moralizing Norwegian society. Although this reflects the drinking culture of Norwegian youth to a certain extent, some features of the car-centered råner subculture's Easter celebrations make it an atypical case. Located in the border zone, the festivities are placed betwixt and between. Furthermore, Maundy Thursday is open to be redefined, because it is a public holiday with closed shops in Norway, and a normal working day in Sweden. This creates a spatiotemporal dimension particularly fertile for creating a free zone, or carnival – a place where the world is turned upside down, as day becomes night and traffic becomes a travesty. In this paper, we aim for a bottom-up understanding of freedom based on experiences related to borders. Could it be that rather than limiting people, the border acts as an engine in liberation and transgression? University of Nordland / Murmansk State Humanities University firstname.lastname@example.com


Some basic features of English for science and technology are discussed. That is, a large quantity of scientific and technical vocabulary is widely used as well as the passive voice, the non-predicate verbs, the nominal structures and the long complex sentences whereas the verbal tenses are limitedly used.


Presenting and simulating the numerical treatment of the nine-dimensional fractional chaotic Lorenz system is the goal of this work. The spectral collocation method (SCM), which makes use of Changhee polynomials of the Appell type, is the suggested approximation technique to achieve this goal. A rough formula for the Caputo fractional derivative is first derived, and it is used to build the numerical strategy for the suggested model's solution. This procedure creates a system of algebraic equations from the model that was provided. We validate the effectiveness and precision of the provided approach by evaluating the residual error function (REF). We compare the results obtained with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique and other existing published work. The outcomes demonstrate that the technique used is a simple and effective tool for simulating such models.


1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Horticulture, Munirabad University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Spices, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic crops, College of Horticulture, Munirabad University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Soil Science, College of Horticulture, Munirabad University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author


whole tobacco leaves are fed to a mill so as to produce a mixture of parenchyma flakes and side lengths intact. The fraction of parenchyma, having or not having undergone a further reduction in particle size, can be sent to a machine for manufacturing cigarettes. The fraction of the ribs can be discarded or processed according to conventional methods.


Aim: To assess the analgesic efficacy of prophylactic parecoxib/ valdecoxib, paracetamol or the combination of both compared to placebo in patients undergoing elective breast surgery. Methods: We conducted a randomized double-blind clinical trial. We measured opioid consumption over 24 hours post-operatively. Results: After breast surgery, patients in the placebo group required very low amounts of additional piritramide (dplacebo= 3.51 mg + 6.34 mg). The preventive use of parecoxib/ valdecoxib, paracetamol, or the combination did not significantly reduce opioid requirements (p>0.05). Conclusion: The prophylactic use of non-opioids is not generally recommended, because patients may not require specific post-operative analgesia at all.


This presentation covers two examples of finite-element analysis applied to practical design problems: one in relation to a synchronous motor, and the other in relation to a switched reluctance motor. The emphasis is on speed of calculation and therefore the finite-element process is restricted to a 2-dimensional one, even though three-dimensional effects are important in both examples. The first example is the calculation of cogging torque in synchronous motors, especially brushless motors as used for servos and many similar applications where torque ripple has to be maintained at a low level; automotive electric power steering is another important example. The effect of skew is included. The second example is the determination of the set of magnetization curves for a switched reluctance motor. The objective is to produce an acceptable lamination geometry in a reasonably short time without resorting to 3-dimensional computation or scaling from previous designs. In both cases we are concerned with reluctance torques. In the synchronous motor we are trying to minimize harmonic reluctance torques associated with stator slotting, while maximizing the reluctance torque produced by the interaction of the rotor saliency with the fundamental space-harmonic of the stator MMF distribution. In the switched reluctance motor we usually contemplate only a single torque component, the total reluctance torque of one phase, and the objective is to maximize it. Both examples use the flux-MMF diagram technique: in one case at the level of individual mesh elements, and in the other at the level of integrals over the entire domain. (4 pages)


1. Intr oduction In Part1 of this series we haveobtaineda setof relaxation timesandthe transformati on from Cartesiancoordinatesof network elements to normal modesfor a twodimensional polymer network consistingof multisegmental Gaussian chains and for a simplified coarse-grain ed network modeldescribing only the large-scale collective relaxation of a network.In this papertheexactanalytical expressions for variouslocal dynamiccharacteristics of a two-dimensional polymer network will be calculated usingthenormal modetransformationobtained. Thepaperis organizedasfollows. For thepolymernetwork consist ing of multisegmental Gaussianchains, the mean-squaredisplacements of junctions, and non-junction beadsof network chains, the autocorrelation functions of the end-to-end chain vectorsbetweenneighboring junctions,andthoseof subchainvectors will be considered.Theselocal dynamic characteristicsof the polymernetworkhaving a two-dimensional connectivity were not studiedpreviously. For all dynamic characteristics of a squarenetwork the comparisonof the contributionsof small-scal e intrachain andcollectiveinterchainrelaxation processesis made. The long-time relaxationpropertiesof networkjunctionswil l becompared with analogouspropertiesof junctionsof a simplified coarse-grained model of a two-dimensionalnetwork, which may also be analyzed using normal mode transformation obtained in Part1 of this series. A comparison between local dynamicpropertiesof twoand three-dimensional polymer networks will be made. Moreover, the relaxation propertiesof a square polymer network and a single Rousechainwill bealsocomparedanddiscussed.


In this paper, a vertical transition from the air-filled rectangular waveguide to the substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) is proposed for wideband operation in millimeter-wave band. A stepped SICL and a rectangle patch probe are introduced to improve impedance matching of the proposed transition. Analysis of dimension parameters is developed to investigate the robustness and manufacturability of the transition. A back-to-back transition prototype operating at W-band (75–110GHz) is realized by multi-layer PCB process. The measured results agree well with the simulation results, which exhibit a frequency bandwidth of 20% for S11 less than −14 dB and an insertion loss of 1.7dB at 91.8GHz.


Laser cladding is becoming an attractive process for the repair and hardfacing of high-value components. The consumables used for these cladding processes are usually metallic powders due to the ease of operation. However, the use of metal powder is generally limited to downhand position cladding process. Wire can also be used in laser cladding process and can be fed directly into the laser beam when operating out-of-position. However, deposit thickness and dilution with the work piece can be difficult to control. This work has investigated aspects of the wire cladding process and how the level of dilution may be controlled. The effects of using a laser beam at a low angle of incidence to the plate are also described.Results of the study show that the dilution of the wire clad can be controlled by manipulating the wire feed in relation to the travel direction. It has been further observed that in order to maintain the effective melting and deposition of the overlay the position of the wire tip needs to be adjusted as the incident angle of the laser is decreased.Laser cladding is becoming an attractive process for the repair and hardfacing of high-value components. The consumables used for these cladding processes are usually metallic powders due to the ease of operation. However, the use of metal powder is generally limited to downhand position cladding process. Wire can also be used in laser cladding process and can be fed directly into the laser beam when operating out-of-position. However, deposit thickness and dilution with the work piece can be difficult to control. This work has investigated aspects of the wire cladding process and how the level of dilution may be controlled. The effects of using a laser beam at a low angle of incidence to the plate are also described.Results of the study show that the dilution of the wire clad can be controlled by manipulating the wire feed in relation to the travel direction. It has been further observed that in order to maintain the effective melting and deposition of the overlay the position of the wire tip needs to be...


Alternative reproductive tactics occur when individuals of the same species follow alternative ways to maximize reproductive success. Often younger and smaller males follow tactics which result in lower fitness than that of dominant larger males. The relative plasticity hypothesis predicts that hormone levels change as males change tactics, but direct tests of this hypothesis are missing. It has been demonstrated in a number of studies that males following different tactics also differ in hormone levels (unpaired data), but not that individual males change their hormone levels as they change tactic (paired data). We compared hormone levels in the same individuals before and after they changed their tactic, using field samples collected over a period of 6 years. We studied male striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) following three alternative reproductive tactics: 1. alloparental philopatric males; 2. solitary roaming males, and 3. group-living dominant breeders. Testosterone level increased and corticosterone levels decreased when philopatric males became roamers or breeders. The increase in testosterone levels tended to be higher in philopatric males that became roamers than in philopatric males that became breeders. Testosterone levels decreased when roamers became breeders. Prolactin levels increased when males of any other tactic became breeders. Thus, males significantly changed their hormone profile as they changed tactic. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that changes in hormone levels are associated with the switch from one alternative reproductive tactic to another. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.09.002 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-50697 Accepted Version Originally published at: Schradin, C; Yuen, C H (2011). Hormone levels of male African striped mice change as they switch between alternative reproductive tactics. Hormones and Behavior, 60(5):676-680. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.09.002


Climate is defined not simply as average temperatur e and precipitation but also by the type, frequency and intensity of we ather events. Spatial and temporal variations of climate are coupled with ene rgy distribution such that some places act as source and some as sink. The mic ro-scale studies are also appreciated for proper mitigation and sustainable d evelopment of a given place. In the present study, the extreme temperatu re and rainfall events has been analyzed over Varanasi using 30 years daily su rface data of temperature and rainfall from 1981 to 2010 (June to September). The frequency of extreme rainfall events shows overall decreasing trend. The frequency is decreasing during the decades 1991-2000, 2001-2010 for all the criteria except the more than 35 o C in which it increases. However, the frequency is higher during the decade 1991-2000 for the temperature more than 45 o C.


Optical technology has led to an amazing increase in the deployment of submarine networks. Each year a new generation is scheduled with a higher capacity; terabit cables are now being planned for service in the year 2000. The paper will present a forecast of the enabling technologies for this booming area.


Objective To explore the value of multiple-mouse MRI in evaluating the therapeutic effect of endostatin for transplantation tumor models of colorectal carcinoma in mice.Methods 24 subcutaneously transplantation tumor's models of colorectal carcinoma (CT-26) in mice were established, 1 week later, 16 tumor-bearing mice were sieved out and divided randomly into two groups: endostatin (ES) group and normal saline (NS) group, treated with intraperitoneal injection of endostatin 6 mg/kg·d 0.2 ml and equal volume of saline respectively for 14 days. Subsequently, MMMRI was performed, and then the mice were killed immediately and the tumors were cut into sections which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Results Subcutaneous fat layer in NS group presented thinner or disappeared on T1WI,while subcutaneous fat layer in ES group presented thicker. The tumors presented inhomogeneous high signal and intratumoral stippled necrosis on T2WI. The tumor's volumes measured by MRI and pathology were(2723.26±1136.91) mm3 and (3505.76±1350.12) mm3 respectively,there was no difference between these two measures. And there was correlation between MRI results and pathological results. There was no difference of absolute signal intensity between ES group and NS group on T1WI and T2WI. The signal intensity ratio of ES group (3.19±0.28) was higher than which of NS group (2.60±0.47) on T2WI, and there was no difference on T1WI. Conclusion The therapeutic effect for endostatin on transplantation tumor models of colorectal carcinoma in mice can be displayed distinctly in MMMR image, and the inhibition rate of results can be displayed exactly and noninvasively.


By the end of March, 1987, 550 couples had been enrolled in the Habitual Miscarriage Outpatient Department at Keio University Hospital in Japan. The average rate of miscarriages during the past 8 years at this hospital was 16.12%. Average number of miscarriages suffered by those couples was 3.09 +- 1.13. Average age of the husband was 34.5 +- 0.3, and that of the wife was 32.8 +- 0.3. All of those who miscarried 2 or 3 times underwent thorough clinical tests. The results showed organic disorders such as uterine myoma (22), arched uterus (16), cervical incompetency (14), double uterus (9), endocrine abnormalities such as hyperthyroidism (6) and hypothyroidism (7), metabolic disorders such as diabetes, rheumatism, and chromosomal abnormality (15/252). In HLA Class II typing, DR antibody was commonly possessed by many couples who had habitual miscarriages. Testings of reproductive wastages both at fertilization and nidation did not yield significant results because of defective methods. Surgical removal of uterine myoma, plastic unification of double uterus, and immunological therapy were among the methods used for treating infertility. Immunotherapy used at Keio University Hospital is as follows: 30 ml venum is taken from the husband aseptically; lymphocyte is isolated from the venum via Ficoll conray; its concentration is adjusted to 3.0-4.0X107/ml; intracutaneous injection of it is given to his wife every 2 - 4 weeks. This therapy resulted in 96 cases of pregnancy among 150 couples. 3 year follow-up study on 42 births show that those babies are healthy and normal in every respect.


Because of their vocational particularity, complex, dangerous nature of their work, the police in grass roots have more sources of psychology stress problem than other professions. This seriously affects health and mind and the level of enforcing the law as well. By analyzing the psychology sources of stress problem, the author makes suggestions and countermeasures.


Excellent out comes in hema to poi etic cell trans plan ta tion (HCT) from HLA - iden ti cal sib lings, improve ments in con di tion-ing reg i mens, novel graft - ver sus - host dis ease pro phy laxis, and the avail abil ity of alter na tive donors have all con trib uted to the increased appli ca bil ity and accept abil ity of HCT for sickle cell dis ease (SCD). In young chil dren with symp tom atic SCD with an avail able HLA - iden ti cal related donor, HCT should be care fully con sid ered. HCT from alter na tive donors is typ i cally under taken only in patients with severe symp toms, caus ing or likely to cause organ dam age, and in the con text of clin i cal tri als. Patients under go ing HCT for SCD require care ful coun sel ing and prep a ra tion. They require care ful mon i-tor ing of unique organ toxicities and com pli ca tions dur ing HCT. Patients must be pro spec tively followed for a prolonged time to deter mine the long - term out comes and late effects of HCT for SCD. Thus, there is a need for a uni ver sal, lon gi-tu di nal clin i cal reg is try to fol low patients after HCT for SCD in con junc tion with indi vid u als who do not receive HCT to com pare out comes. Antibody - based con di tion ing and ex - vivo umbil i cal cord blood expan sion are likely to improve the avail abil ity and accept abil ity of HCT. In addi tion, new dis ease - mod i fy ing drugs and the emerg ing option of the autol-o gous trans plan ta tion of gene - mod i fi ed hema to poi etic pro gen i tor cells are likely to expand the avail able ther a peu tic options and make deci sion - mak ing by patients, phy si cians, and care giv ers even more com pli cated. Future efforts must also focus on deter min ing the impact of socio eco nomic sta tus on access to and out comes of HCT and the long - term impact of HCT on patients, fam i lies, and soci ety.


Purpose: As population of elderly people continues to grow, successful aging has risen to the top of the nursing science agenda. The successful aging includes maintenance of the cognitive and physical functions, as well as emotional well-beings. This study was carried out to evaluate effects of the environmental enrichments on cognition of institutionalized elderly. Method: The population was selected among the elderly aging over 65 residing at two of institutions. A quasi experimental design was used with non-equivalent control group. Study subjects were thirteen for each group. For the experimental group, physical, social and symbolic environmental enrichment program was provided for six weeks. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and repeated measure ANCOVA using SPSS Win 11.0. Result: Compared to control group, the experimental group showed a significant difference on DSF(F=3.29, p=.046), and TMTA(F=4.76, p=.013) of cognitive function, and depression (F=5.56, p=.007) of emotional distress after 1 and 12 weeks of environmental enrichment program. Conclusion: Findings indicate that physical, social, and symbolic environmental enrichment was effective to partially prevent from cognitive decline, and to decrease emotional distress of elderly. As a nursing intervention, environmental enrichment program for elderly should be expanded for nursing practice to promote healthy aging and to offer support to the growing population of elderly. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the effect on the community elderly.


By analyzing the characters of wind turbine,this article structures an MATLAB simulation model of the wind turbine and makes simulation on the mechanical power of the wind turbine.The results show that in changes of wind direction,wind turbine can track the optimal location of wind quickly and smoothly by hill-climbing algorithm,which increases the efficiency of wind power.


We determined the microbiological quality of the most important fruits and vegetables in Chihuahua State (Mexico) to know the potential risks and apply prevention strategies prior to their consumption. Samples of jalapeno, bell and serrano pepper, cantaloupe, saladet and grape 57o ANIVERSARIO 57th ANNIVERSARY (2008) 77: 129-136 Revista Internacional de BOTANICA EXPERIMENTAL Miguel Raggio & Nora Moro de Raggio Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Carlos A. Busso FUNDACION ROMULO RAGGIO Gaspar Campos 861, 1638 Vicente Lopez (BA), Argentina www.revistaphyton.fund-romuloraggio.org.ar ISSN 0031-9457 Fundada en 1951 por Founded in 1951 by International Journal of EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY


Proof complexity, a measure to estimate the sizes of proofs in propositional logics, is studied as one of the fundamental approaches to the P versus NP problem, and has some practical applications such as automated theorem proving. It is a very hard task to prove lower bounds on strong proof systems such as Frege systems, for which no non-trivial lower bound is known yet. On the other hand, we have some rich success stories on weaker proof systems such as resolution proof systems. In this paper, we focus on resolution proof systems and review some of the existing techniques for proving lower bounds.


Compared to typical drivers of human-driven vehicles, autonomous vehicles can maximize the use of vehicle performance by utilizing a full road width without tracking the center of the road lanes. Exploiting the full width allows new path planning options while using the existing road infrastructure. This research focuses on trajectory planning and control for fully autonomous vehicles without considering the lane marks. In this paper, a controller is designed using the nonlinear Model Predictive Control approach for the movements of autonomous vehicles group on roads without lanes. After ensuring that the vehicles avoid collisions, the controller generates the desired longitudinal acceleration and steering rate inputs. The goal is to maximize vehicles' progress on the road with minimum control efforts, where the constraints are the road geometry layouts and vehicle dynamics. The proposed controller was tested on three case study simulations for several vehicles to examine the advantages of the lane-free road concept for path and trajectory planning of autonomous vehicles.


Pat: Sorry to hear you broke your hand. That's pretty good writing for using the opposite hand. I liked your ideas, but you need to give examples. For instance, tell how Capitol Hill got a tough reputation, or why it has that reputation. You have some fragmented sentences. What do you mean by "soft?" Try to show how the kids have changed. How about in the 1960's how all the kids got involved in peace movements? Today's kids don't really seem to care. Also, try to keep your concluding paragraph from contradicting your first. Good Work! Taiya


One of the key challenges in home rehabilitation field is the need for more personalized protocols and interfaces. This paper presents how UniTherapy, a telerehabilitation platform developed primarily for computer-assisted motivating rehabilitation (CAMR) applications, is being turned into a home rehabilitation appliance. This includes support for emerging standards, including universal plug and play (UPnP) and the user interface socket (UI Socket) that is enables a universal remote console (URC) to fully operate and automatically generate user interfaces on various available devices. Progress and related issues are discussed


The litterfall is the main input and return pathway of nutrients to the soil in forest ecosystems, providing a long-term nutrientsupport in the ecosystem. In order to maintain the health in forest ecosystems, it is of vital importance to know the deposition andrelease of nutrients provided by litterfall. In this context, the objective of the present study was to determine and compare the returnand potential release of micronutrients from litterfall in three forest ecosystems (pine, oak, and pine-oak) in the "ejido" Pablillo,Galeana, Nuevo León. The litterfall sampling was conducted over a period of 16 months (September 2020 - December 2021). Todetermine the litterfall deposition, permanent canisters of 1.0 m x 1.0 m were randomly established. The study was based onplacing 10 canisters randomly per forest ecosystem, which were considered as replicates. The litter production (mg·m⁻²) during thestudy period was 771.06, 478.05 and 706.55, for the pine, oak and pine-oak ecosystems, respectively. The concentrations of fourmicroelements (Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn) were analyzed; these element concentrations generally showed the following descending orderas Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu. Mn deposition in the three ecosystems ranged from 1.95 to 45.10 mg·m⁻²; Fe from 1.36 to 42.63 mg·m⁻²; Znfrom 0.21 to 4.27 mg·m⁻² and Cu from 0.04 to 1.39 mg·m⁻². The differences in litterfall production and the deposition ofmicronutrients is related to structure and composition of each forest ecosystem, to the phenology o plant species and to theenvironmental contitions


Ukraine is considered to be a country with long-standing ceramic traditions dating back to the early ages. This is mostly influenced by the abundant raw materials deposits available on its territory. Excellent clays, pegmatite, and other raw materials applicable for ceramics manufacturing were always available for the local potters. Historically, the major ceramic centers are found in the three main regions of Ukraine - in the western part of the country, with the center in Lviv and the Zhytomir Region, in the central part of the country with the center in the Opishnya settlement of the Poltava region with a mostly pottery-oriented sector, and in the eastern part of the country the center in Slavyansk, in the vicinity of vast clay deposits of well-known Ukrainian white-firing clays. This historical division generally determined the further development of Ukrainian ceramics. At present, Ukrainian ceramics can be characterized as a versatile industry with a wide range of ceramic products, ranging from porcelain tableware to high-performance ceramic items. With its great human and raw materials resources, there are good prospects for further development.


There has been several methodologies to size hybrid renewable energy system (HRES). This paper provides the comparative study of the simulation results between HOMER and iHOGA software packages. These two softwarepackages are used to optimally size renewable energy systems for a micro-grid. A small community in Aralvaimozhi, India is considered. Aralvaimozhi has a good potential of Solar energy and Wind energy resources. If these resources are trapped efficiently using HRES, an efficient micro-grid could eventually replace the present old and less efficient electricity grid. In this study, the optimally sized HRES with least value of Net Present Cost (NPC) resulted from HOMER and iHOGA software packages have been discussed and their results have been compared for a definite scenario.


Thermal oils are widely used as cooling media in heat transfer processes. However, their potential has not been utilised exquisitely due to low thermal properties. The addition of nanoparticles in thermal oil can improve thermal properties.


This report deals with 81 pulmonary episodes occurring in 130 consecutive patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancy in the same unit over a 5‐year period. These episodes observed in 69/130 patients (53%) were mostly of infectious origin, and were investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The main causes of pneumonia were: cytomegalovirus (CMV) (n = 25), bacterial pneumonia (n = 17), invasive aspergillosis (n = 11) and pulmonary hemorrhage (n = 9). The overall mortality due to or associated with pneumonia was 26/130 (20%). Graft‐versus‐host disease clearly increased the incidence of infectious pneumonia and the mortality due to or associated with pneumonia. Granulocyte transfusions did not influence the incidence of CMV pneumonitis. The main causes and risk factors for pneumonia are discussed. The role of BAL as a noninvasive procedure is stressed. Cancer 58:1047‐1054, 1986.


INTRODUCTION Cun*ent bean breeding program at ITACyL (Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León) started in 1987, yielding fourteen varieties until now. The main objective of this program is to introduce bacterial and viral resistance into landraces, presemng quality characteristics of the seed. Registered cultivars belong to different Spanish market classes, prevailing large wählte seeded beans, although canela, cranberry and red seeded beans are also presented. One of these varieties is 'Almonga' that is a white large dry bean (57 g 100 seed^) of "planchada" market class, and was developed and released in 2002 by the ITACyL, Valladohd, in cooperation with the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain. Almonga is a high culinary quality cultivar with resistance to halo blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Burkholder 1926) Young, Dye & Wilkie 1978], Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV, potyvirus), and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV, potyvirus).


Our aim was to test the degree to which nectar production predicts hummingbird abundances at large spatial scales compared with other large‐scale environmental variables.


This paper presents some approaches to the fatigue crack growth in nuclear pressure vessels for failure probability calculation. According to the Thomson methodology, the crack growth is the physical process in which the time is explicitly involved in the structural failure of the pressure vessel. Since the crack growth laws are of deterministic nature, we first obtain the failure probability considering a deterministic approach. Next, probabilistic approaches are applied to calculate the failure probability based on the fact that the fatigue crack growth is a random process. Here, we use a probability distribution function to represent the failure process if the random behaviour is due only to the variability of experimental data. Next, we propose a stochastic approach for the failure probability calculation when the random nature of the crack growth along the time must be taken into account. The result of a simple problem shows that the stochastic approach is the most accurate one.


Background: Avian influenza (AI) is a disease that causes infection in birds with AI A virus. In Malaysia, the first outbreak of AI in poultry was detected in Kelantan on August 2004. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward AI among students in a public university in Pahang, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study had been conducted starting from March 11, 2013 until March 20, 2013 on 100 students. Data regarding sociodemographics characteristics and KAP toward AI had been collected by distributing the questionnaires to the participants in their hostels and classes and were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice were 21.47 (4.181), 44.28 (4.845), and 8.69 (1.921), respectively. There were significant differences regarding the level of knowledge among different group of age (P = 0.041) and departments (P = 0.001). The older group of individuals were more knowledgeable. The students from health science had a higher level of knowledge. Regarding the practices, there was no significant difference in the level of practice toward the prevention of AI across the different gender, age, hometown, and department. There was also the significant correlation between knowledge and practices (r = +0.217, P = 0.030), but no association was found between knowledge and attitude or attitude and practice. Conclusion: Overall participants had moderate knowledge and practices regarding prevention of AI. Nonetheless, they had expressed good positive attitude toward the prevention of disease. Therefore, public health agencies should play a role to spread information and increase awareness among students about this infectious disease.


We report the first use of low noise in-line phase-sensitive amplifiers in a long-haul circulating loop experiment. A reach extension of 200% compared to using EDFAs is observed with a 10 GBd QPSK signal.


This paper examines the familiar instruction, 'show, don't tell'. Beginning with discussion of the historical origins of the idea it then moves to criticism of the various ways in which authors of both literary critical texts and creative writing manuals have dealt with the subject, with special attention to recent work such as that of Francine Prose that seems to straddle the two. In breaking down the phrase into its constituent parts and the assumptions upon which these rest, we are able to see the limitations of the literary-critical approach as well the possible alternatives. Following this, the paper argues that the only way to really understand the question is to make use of research into the psychology of these ideas and the evolutionary benefits of their underlying mechanisms. Once understood, use of these mechanisms can only lead to an improvement in the way that writers use the effects of both 'showing' and 'telling'.


In order to understand the performance and internal parameter distribution of SOFC fueled by methane mixture in detail, the paper uses numerical simulation method to conduct three-dimensional multiphysics coupling simulation on a single-channel anode-supported planar SOFC. The uniqueness of the three-dimensional model is that it employs the anode exchange current density from the methane gas mixture and considers the electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide. The numerical model proposed in this work provides more accurate simulation results. The results show that compared with the model that uses the exchange current density equation from humidified hydrogen for simulation, the model that uses the exchange current density equation from methane mixture to simulate the performance curve is closer to the experimental value. When using methane gas mixture as fuel, the maximum temperature difference along the flow direction is 10 K and the maximum power density can reach 0.482 W/cm2. In the thickness direction of the SOFC, the current density is not much different at the inlet and outlet. Along the direction of flow, the current density decreases near the inlet and outlet. Reducing the rate of fuel flow or increasing gas inflow temperature can improve SOFC performance.


In this paper, an asynchronous discrete-time opinion dynamics model on a social influence network is considered. At each time instant, a single individual activates and updates two state variables simultaneously. The individual's new private opinion is a weighted average of her current private opinion, the expressed opinions of her neighbors, and a constant prejudice. Meanwhile, the individual's new expressed opinion is equal to her current private opinion, altered due to a pressure to conform to the public opinion as perceived by the individual, being the average expressed opinion among her neighbors. We analyze the system for social networks which are rooted, and show that if no individual holds a prejudice, then a mild assumption on the activation sequence of the individuals guarantees convergence. In particular, the expressed and private opinions of all individuals converge to the same value exponentially fast, with two lower bounds on convergence speeds based on two different assumptions on the network topology. Simulations are provided to illustrate the result, and provide support to the conjecture that the system dynamics may converge even if individuals hold an existing prejudice.


The utility model discloses a novel FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) punching machine tool in automatic feeding and blanking. The novel FPC punching machine tool can be used in a blank board section and an SMT (Surface Mounted Technology) section, automatic feeding can be realized, a punched product can be accurately placed, and waste materials can be automatically separated. The novel FPC punching machine tool comprises a rack, wherein the rack is provided with a punching machine, a feeding and blanking mechanism and a conveying mechanism, the conveying mechanism is used for punching a workpiece by conveying the workpiece from the feeding and blanking mechanism to the punching machine and conveying a punched product back to the feeding and blanking mechanism, the feeding and blanking mechanism comprises a feeding device, a blanking device and a workpiece translation device, the feeding device and the blanking device are fixedly arranged on the rack, the workpiece translation device is located between the feeding device and the blanking device, and the side part of the workpiece translation device is provided with a feeding and blanking mechanical arm device which is fixedly arranged on the rack. Compared with existing equipment, the novel FPC punching machine tool in automatic feeding and blanking, disclosed by the utility model, has the advantages that the working efficiency is high, the safety is high, the quality of a processed product is good, and the like.


The disclosed information processing apparatus, an operation input method and operation input program. The information processing apparatus comprising: a contact detecting unit configured to detect a contact operation to the operation surface; close detection unit configured to detect a close operation on the surface of the operation; and a control unit configured to continuously detect the contact operation and close operation of the close contact operation and the input operation is identified as a series of operations.


This thesis is dealing with the development of Record Management in the department of Ministry of Justice in the Czech Republic and with the current execution of record management in this department. The history and the present organization of the department of Record Management since the foundation of the Ministry of Justice in the year 1848 up to now. Mainly the electronic record management has been charactered, its service and use in the department of the Ministry of Justice in the Czech Republic. The purpose of this thesis is make the orientation in the execution of record management service in the most sighificant components of the department of justice in the Czech Republic easier.


A method for ECG denoising based on wavelet shrinkage approach has been investigated. We have proposed a shrinkage threshold which is high for the non-informative wavelet coefficients and low for the informative coefficients. We have set up limitations for the difference between the thresholds of every two adjacent coefficients throughout the scales in order to avoid Gibbs effects.


: Motility is one of the most important features of life, but its evolutionary origin remains unknown. In this study, we focused on Spiroplasma , commensal, or parasitic bacteria. 15 They swim by switching the helicity of a ribbon-like cytoskeleton that comprises six proteins, each of which evolved from a nucleosidase and bacterial actin called MreB. We expressed these proteins in a synthetic, non-motile minimal bacterium, JCVI-syn3.0B, whose reduced genome was computer-designed and chemically synthesized. The synthetic bacterium exhibited swimming motility with features characteristic of Spiroplasma swimming. Moreover, some 20 combinations of the two proteins produced a helical cell shape and swimming, suggesting that the swimming originated from the differentiation and coupling of bacterial actins, and we also obtained a minimal system for motility of the synthetic bacterium. One-Sentence Summary: The minimal system comprised two bacterial actins that provided cell 25 helicity and swimming to the synthetic minimal bacterium.


URING the past three decades the air transportation industry has been moving forward at an ever-increasing rate. Advances in such fields as aircraft design, meteorology, and radar have combined to cut the risks and operating expenses of commercial aviation to a point where it can now more than hold its own against the established methods of surface travel. At the same time continued expansion of facilities has brought the benefits of air travel to millions of people who previously had had little or no contact with it. Today, regularly scheduled service is maintained throughout the year at approximately 2400 airports located across the face of the globe. As a result of the interconnecting services which the various airlines maintain with one another, these 2400 fields form one continuous air service network around the world. About 52 per cent of these airfields are located in the Western Hemisphere and 48 per cent in the Eastern. The pattern of air service availability in the Western Hemisphere has been dealt Tith in a previous article.' On the accompanying maps the black circles represent all land areas within a 40-mile radius of a commercial field in the Eastern Hemisphere. The airport is generally accessible from all points within this 5000-square mile area, since I G. Etzel Pearcv and Lewis M. Alexander: " Pattern of Commercial Air Service Availability in the Western Hemisphere, " Econ. Geog., Vol. 27, 1951, pp. 316-320. even the farthest localities may be reached from the field in an hour or so by automobile or train. Exceptions occur, of course, where mountains, rivers, or other natural obstacles interrupt direct connections between the field and outlying areas. In such cases the travel time may prove to be well beyond 60 minutes. However, exceptions like these are actually few in number, and 40 miles has been chosen to represent the radius of availability. Persons living within the darkened areas of the map may travel from their homes to any other point in the darkened section within a very short space of time. They may also journey to places within 40 miles of Western Hemisphere airports, since connections are maintained between the two land masses by 18 trans-Atlantic and 5 trans-Pacific airlines, offering a weekly total of over 130 flights in each direction. One of the most interesting features of the map lies in the relationship between heavily populated areas and those with a large number of commercial fields. The concentrations of people in the river valleys of Southeast Asia, across the Chernozem Belt of Siberia, and along the coasts of Africa are clearly reflected by the many airfields in these regions. The same situation exists in the valleys of the Nile, the Yangtze, the Ganghes, and the Volga, while the wastes of the Sahara, Central Asia, and West Central Australia stand out as having little or no service whatsoever.


Knowledge sharing is seen as a strategic element in organizations, and the management of knowledge sharing is considered to be critical to organizational success. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between knowledge sharing and success in outsourcing. Grounded in available literature on outsourcing relationship, a conceptual model was composed and the hypotheses were defined. These were tested using a sample consisting of public and private sector organizations in Turkey. The findings indicate that knowledge sharing (implicit and explicit) is one of the predictors for success in outsourcing and partnership quality (partnership satisfaction, trust, business understanding and conflict) is a significant factor on outsourcing success. The results of this research provide strong evidence for the moderating effect of partnership quality as it significantly increases the strength of the relationship between knowledge sharing and success in outsourcing.


The purpose of the study was to observe and code the interaction patterns during physics lessons and to relate the identified patterns to students' post-instructional attitude towards physics and achievement in low and high academic tasks. The sample consisted of 516 SSI students and 15 physics teachers drawn from 15 selected secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. Each teacher/ classroom was observed for 4 lesson periods spaced over a period of 8 weeks and the interaction patterns coded using the Science Interaction Categories. Two other instruments were used to collect data on students' attitude and achievement in physics. The results of data analysis indicated, inter alia, that a significantly positive relationship exists between interaction pattern and students' post-instructional attitude and low academic task achievement.


The excitation of reverse currents in the walls of an electron drift tube, a smooth-walled tube or a resonator of specific length, is studied. The results are compared in the two cases. It is found that inhomogeneities in the chamber distort the reverse current substantially in comparison with the current pulse due to the charged particles.


The present status of a database based on comparison projects performed under EUROMET, as well as results for comparisons between NIST and EUROMET members, will be presented. The database is the result of a project to establish and validate a framework within which calibration certificates from NMIs in EU and NIST could be regarded as mutually equivalent. This equivalence would be accepted by regulatory bodies in the EU and USA for purposes of traceability requirements in regulation trade etc. based on comparisons between NMI's.


Chemical investigation on the whole plants of Liatris elegans resulted in the isolation and identification of the new ferulic acid ester (1) and arylnaphthalene lignan (2), together with 13 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established as p-hydroxyphenylferulate (1) and 5,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxy-2,7′-cycloligna-7,7′-diene-9,9′-lactone (2) by extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we continue the study of abelian subalgebras and ideals of maximal dimension for finite-dimensional supersolvable and nilpotent Lie algebras. We show that supersolvable Lie algebras with an abelian subalgebra of codimension 3 contain an abelian ideal with the same dimension, provided that the characteristic of the underlying field is not two, and that the same is true for nilpotent Lie algebras with an abelian subalgebra of codimension 4, provided that the characteristic of the field is greater than five.


We study numerically the effects of thermal fluctuations on phase separation in polymer-solvent mixtures, when the polymer-rich region forms a gel. We find that thermal noise restores rapid domain growth through a Brownian-coalescence mechanism. This constitutes a possible explanation of the experimental observation (Bansil, R., Lal, J. and Carvalho, B.L. (1992). Effects of gelation on spinodal decomposition kinetics in gelatin. Polymer , 33 , 2961) that deep quenches are necessary for the formation of microstructures in phase-separating polymer-solvent mixtures.


In this study, He's Variational Approach Method (VA M) is used to obtain an accurate analytical solution for the nonlinear vibr ations of Euler-Bernoulli beams subjected to axial loads. It is demonstrated that the method wor ks very well for the whole range of initial amplitudes and does not need small perturbation. It is sufficiently accurate in the case of both linear and nonlinear physics and engineering proble ms. Finally, the accuracy of the solution obtained with the approximate VAM method is shown g raphically and compared with that of the numerical solution.


Sustainability continues to be a major issue in forest management policy, and the papers presented in this volume summarize how various management practices affect forest health in the diverse Northwest forest regions, providing guidelines for the present and future.


The fumigation-incubation (FI) and the fumigation-extraction (FE) methods were compared for measuring soil microbial biomass-C (MBC) in the soils distrofic red-yellow podzolic, low humic gley and planosol. Samples were taken in two depths and three dates from January to April, 1991, in Itaguai, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Carbon average content ranged from 37.50 to 137.22 cmol.kg -1 soil. No difference between depths was found for MBC (FI and FE) and respiration rate. The samples with higher carbon content showed lower coefficient of variation (CV). There was a significant correlation between the two methods (r=0.66). The coefficient of variation for fumigation-extraction method was lower than for fumigation-incubation method. Mean values of MBC in soils ranged from 8 to 229 μg CO 2 -C.g -1 soil for fumigation-incubation and 63 to 229 μg C.g -1 soil for fumigation-extraction. Both methods showed significant correlation with soil carbon content (r=0.83, for FE and r=0.79, for FI) and soil nitrogen (r=0.82, for FE and FI)


The above article from Water and Environment Journal, published online on 03 March 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief Dr Ana Soares, and John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management. The withdrawal has been agreed following a request from the authors due to their concern over some of the data in the article.


UV absorptivities of macrocyclic and matching linear poly(9,9-dimethyl-2-vinylfluorene) prepared from the same precursors show decreases of 30 and 15%, respectively, as degrees of polymerization (DPn's) increase from 12 to 142. The strong increase in hypochromism with molecular weight for the macrocycles indicates an increase in ordering of the large pendent aromatic chromophores. The emission intensities of the low-DPn macrocycles were found to be enhanced up to 20% compared to the matching linear polymers. This is attributed to both decreased excimer formation and lower rates of radiation-less decay especially in the smaller rings.


Bermudagrass stem maggot, Atherigona (Atherigona) reversura Villeneuve (Diptera: Muscidae), which is a species not previously documented in South America, was reported for the first time in early 2015 damaging pastures of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Jiggs located in municipalities of the West region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. In light of the potential impact of exotic pest species on crop yields and significant damage caused by A. reversura in other countries, this manuscript congregate some information about origin, methods of detection and identification, and bioecological aspects of Bermudagrass stem maggot, as well as it will be discussed strategies for their monitoring in pastures.