A numerical procedure has been developed for accurate13; predictions of pressure distribution near sharp trailing edges of three-dimensional wings by applying a flow stagnation condition .The surface integral approach using quadrilateral where the geometry is smooth and continuous .13; vortex panels with Neumann boundary condition has been used on real surfaces Auxiliary panels are introduced near sharp trailing edges to impose a stagnation condition at discontinuous points on the trailing edges resulting in better pressure distribution and more accurate prediction of induced drag . The flow is assumed to be steady, irrotational, inviscid and incompressible .


. The bird was white or whitish on the head, neck, rump, breast and belly, and the short wings were brown (Fig. 2). The tail was short and brown, the eyes pale brown, the bill black, the legs were pinkish and the tibial feathers orangey. The shape and colour of the bare parts, as well as the shape of the wing and tail, and the colour of the tail and thigh feathers, suggest the bird was an aberrant-coloured Grey-backed Camaroptera.Whitish plumage parts may be due to, e.g., leucism, i.e. the partial or total lack of melanins in feathers and skin, or progressive greying, i.e. the progressive loss of pigment cells with age (van Grouw 2013). In birds, both types of colour aberration have in common that the eyes are always normally coloured. In the early stages of progressive greying, white feathers spread randomly, often on the head and flanks, while the bill and feet retain normal colours (van Grouw 2013). Partially leucistic birds can also have a normally coloured bill and feet, depending on where the colourless patches occur (H. van Grouw


This thesis analyzes 50 papers on Sports Psychology published in SPORTS SCIENCE from 2001 to 2004,including the published paper amount,the type of thesis,fund item,the method of thesis research,the research contents and author's backgrounds,carries on the summary and analysis on the present condition of China sports psychology research,gets to the direction and keys of sports science research,also finds out its shortages in order to provide sports workers and sports functional institution conference.


The laser damage test for qualifying a coating run of anti-reflection coated optics consists of scanning a pulsed 1064 nm laser to illuminate approximately 2400 sites over a 1 cm x 1 cm area on a test sample. Scans are repeated at 3 J/cm2 increments until the fluence specification for the optic is reached. In the past, initiation of 1 or more damage sites was classified as a failed coating run, requiring the production optics in the corresponding coating lot be reworked and recoated. Recent laser damage growth tests of 300 repetitive pulses performed on numerous damage sites revealed that all were stable up to 20 J/cm2. Therefore the acceptance criteria has been modified to allow a moderate number of damage sites, as long as they are smaller than the allowed dig size and are stable (do not grow). Consequently many coating runs that previously would have been rejected are now accepted, resulting in higher yield, lower cost, and improved delivery schedule. The new test also provides assurance that initiated damage sites are stable during long term operation.


A B S T R A C T The high resolution laboratory spectrum of hot water vapour has been recorded in the 500– 13000 cm −1 wavenumber range and we report on the analysis of the 4750–13000 cm −1 (0.769–2.1 µm)portion.Theemissionspectrumwasrecordedusinganoxy-acetylenewelding torch and a Fourier transform spectrometer. Line assignments in the laboratory spectrum as well as in an absorption spectrum of a sunspot umbra were made with the help of the BT2 line-list. Our torch spectrum is the first laboratory observation of the 9300 A 'steam bands' seen in M-stars and brown dwarfs.


A turbulent flow apparatus was used for qualitative study of the exchange of N/sup 15/H/sub 3/ between solvent and ligands in complex metal ammines. The N/sup 15/-enriched liquid NH/sub 3/ was mixed in approximately O.O1 sec with an unenriched solution of the metal salt in liquid NH/sub 3/ below --35 deg C, the mixture quenched and then subjected to mass spectrometric analysis of the nitrogen from the solvent. Half times for the exchange reactions are presented for the salts Cu(NH/sub 3/)/sub 4/(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/, Ni(NH/sub 3/)/sub 6/(NO i)/sub 2/, AlI/sub 3/, Al(NH/sub 3/)/sub 6/I/sub 3/, and Ag(NH/sub 3/)/ sub 2/NO/sub 3/; all of the half t imes are on the order of 1 sec or less. (D.L.C.)


PURPOSE Smaller hotspot-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels have emerged to support standard of care therapy for patients with cancer. When standard treatments fail, it is unknown whether additional testing using an expanded panel of genes provides any benefit. The purpose of this study was to determine if larger sequencing panels that capture additional actionable genes, coupled with decision support, translates into treatment with matched therapy after frontline therapy has failed. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective protocol accrued 521 patients with a wide variety of refractory cancers. NGS testing using a 46- or 50-gene hotspot assay, then a 409-gene whole-exome assay, was sequentially performed in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–certified clinical laboratory. A decision-support team annotated somatic alterations in clinically actionable genes for function and facilitated therapeutic matching. Survival and the impact of matched therapy use were determined by Kaplan-Meier estimate, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS The larger NGS panel identified at least one alteration in an actionable gene not previously identified in the smaller sequencing panel in 214 (41%) of 521 of enrolled patients. After the application of decision support, 41% of the alterations in actionable genes were considered to affect the function of the gene and were deemed actionable. Forty patients (40 of 214 [19%]) were subsequently treated with matched therapy. Treatment with matched therapy was associated with significantly improved overall survival compared with treatment with nonmatched therapy (P = .017). CONCLUSION Combining decision support with larger NGS panels that incorporate genes beyond those recommended in current treatment guidelines helped to identify patients who were eligible for matched therapy while improving overall treatment selection and survival. This survival benefit was restricted to a small subset of patients.


It has been well-known that the electrical activity of the central nervous system is facilitated by relatively lower doses of central depressants. Many reports were presented to support the facilitatory mechanism in the brain of exprimental animals at lower dose levels of barbiturates: lowering of stimulation threshold for the recruiting response by King (1) and' Domino (2), increase in amplitude of the somatosensory evoked potential recorded from the internal capsule by King et al. (3), and increase in amplitude of the evoked potential recorded from the auditory cortex by Pradhan and Galambos (4). Nakai (5) and Nakai and Takaori (6) showed that pentobarbital sodium, chloralose and chlorpromazine increased the magnitude of the cortical potential evoked by click stimuli and accelerated the manifestation of the ensuing rhythmic after-discharges, while urethane and ethyl alcohol even in small doses reduced the amplitude of the evoked potential. The role of the inferior colliculus as a relay nucleus for the auditory pathway was investigated electrophysiologically by Ades and Brookhart (7) and Thurlow et al. (8). However, there is scarcely any systematic study concerning the effects of central depressants on the evoked potential in the inferior colliculus. It is considered that the effect of central depressants on the collicular acoustic potential may differ from that on the cortical one. The difference may give some clue for the elucidation of the central auditory mechanism.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent occurrence of a crack phenomena in an unintended place during laser processing in which a modified layer is formed in a wafer.SOLUTION: A wafer processing method comprises at least the steps of: attaching a protective tape on a surface of a wafer 10, then holding the protective tape side thereof on a first chuck table, and grinding and thinning a rear surface; sucking and holding the rear surface of the wafer by use of conveying means 50, conveying the wafer out of the first chuck table, and then conveying the wafer to a second chuck table 60; holding the protective tape side of the wafer on the holding surface and separating the suction pad 54 from the rear surface of the wafer; and emitting a laser beam from the rear surface of the wafer and forming a modified layer along a dividing line. In the step of conveying, after the wafer is placed on the holding surface of the second chuck table, supply of suction force by the suction pad is stopped to sandwich the wafer between the suction pad and the holding surface; suction force is applied to the holding surface, the protective tape side is sucked and held, and then the suction pad is separated from the rear surface of the wafer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7


This research aims to explore students' perceptions of the influence of ethics education on their ethical environment and development of their professional identities. To meet the research aim, an instrument that covers hypothetical cases and scenarios of ethical behaviour based on Malaysia's setting was adopted. The survey instrument helped to identify students' interpretations and responses to the scenarios whether there are any legitimations of ethical actions. The results of this research revealed that the majority of students recognised the importance of ethics and they found learning ethics was helpful in improving their ethical understanding and developing their personal ethical values as well as their future professional development. However, practicing ethical values, including making ethical decisions was challenging as students perceived they were living in unethical environment. The respondents indicated that they were surrounded by unethical people, and for this reason, some of them disclosed that they would rather silent than reveal about unethical actions.


Micro finance bank, are established with the purpose of giving financial services to its customers on the basis of their selfrecognition and credit worthiness so as to improve their economic growth and development. The aim of this paper is to examine the socio economic assistance of this bank to Okengwe people. The scope of the study is limited to Okengwe micro finance bank of Kogi State. Data were collected from both the staff and customers of the bank. The analysis using the simple percentage via the table method revealed that; the bank is effectively carrying out its main banking objectives thereby uplifting the socio-economic development of the people and the Okengwe at large. There is prompt repayment of loans, thereby making the loans available for recycling to other beneficiaries. In view of the findings, the study recommends among other things that the banks should enlighten the people in the rural and urban areas about the services provided by the banks so as to attract more customers. INTRODUCTION In the past two decades creating access to financial services for owners of micro and small businesses has become a thriving industry. The fabricators on the streets of Nairobi; street traders of Lagos and farmers in Ethiopia and food vendors in Las Paz are increasingly turning to microfinance institutions for financial services of various types and sizes. In response to these demands, institutions have emerged and developed across developing countries. Lending to micro-enterprise is no longer just a nice thing to but is equally profitable. For good and for bad, micro finance has left the domain of charity. Microfinance has been acknowledged as an important instrument for meaningful development. Strategy for delivering financial services to the poor has become a feature of major development policies and initiatives of international development agencies. Agencies and institutions, which provide. Support services to the emerging industry, have also emerged. As commercial funds gradually replace grants, investment companies and banks are springing up to provide portfolio refinancing debt and equity funds to microfinance institutions and banks. Microfinance is usually conceived of as the provision of small units of financial services to lowincome clients who are usually excluded from mainstream financial system." It is a form of financial intermediation, which primarily focuses on alleviating poverty through provision of financial services to the poor or owners of micro enterprises. Service users include artisans, smallholder farmers, food processors; petty traders and other persons who operate micro-enterprises. In practice, micro finance means more than delivery of small units of financial services. It goes beyond disbursement and collection of loans. It also refers to the flexible structures and processes by which affordable financial services are delivered to the owners of micro-enterprises on a sustainable basis. At the onset of what is now termed micro finance resolution, credit was the dominant financial service. Working 1 Department of Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY) Adamawa State An Assessment of the Contribution of Microfinance Institutions to the Development of the National Economy 25 capital loan was in most cases the only product delivered to clients. This explains the appellation of micro credit. Over the years the scope of financial services has been expanded to include savings, consumer's loans, micro-leasing, micro-insurance, money transfers and microinvestment. Modern micro finance practice has moved towards commercialization and promotion of innovations. This is largely in response to the fact that owners of micro enterprises like other economic actors need a wide range of financial services that are flexible, dependable and reasonably priced. For instance, the poor need financial services to build up assets, meet consumption needs, hedge against business risks and other emergencies. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK HISTORY OF MICROFINANCE The rise of microfinance practice was prompted by the apparent failure of conventional development paradigms and approaches to achieve meaningful development, which is poverty alleviation. Growth-led development perspective, which gained ground in 1950s and 1960s with its resurgence in the last decade, has always yielded fantastic statistics with discourage impact on the lives of the people. Forinstance, while growth rates were rising, the number of persons in poverty was also on the increase. Microfinance therefore seeks to provide lowincome people with capital for income generating activities. Microfinance is premised on the fact of economic relations, that the poor remain poor because they are deprived of access to life transforming opportunities such as affordable financial services. As a development strategy, microfinance believes in the ability of the poor to meaningfully improve their conditions of living, if they can access financial support on affordable terms. While micro finance practice especially community based saving 'contribution' schemes is not new in most communities, modern microfinance or what has become known as 'microfinance revolution' on the other hand, is a creation of deliberate efforts at addressing poverty. The experiment of Muhammad Yunus the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner for his work in creditfor poor and other initiatives across the world have taken micro finance from the realm of charity. Microfinance banks and institutions today are not in business for charity. In Nigeria, modern micro finance began as the visionaries worked. initiated by non-profit institutions to address poverty, In Akure Nigeria, Chief Bisi Ogunleye started a pro-women initiativeCountry Women Association of Nigeria (COWAN) while Late Venerable David Ogbonna ran the Nsukka United Self help organization (NUSHO) in the early 1980s. In 2000, actions towards the commercialization of microfinance in Nigeria began with the Central Bank of Nigeria led process, which culminated in the launching of the National micro finance policy and regulatory framework with extensive supervisory guideline. Aminu (2005), argued that most of the developed countries promote rural development through the extension of urban financial institutions services into the rural areas. This is to enable rural populace have access to modern financial system, even though these institutions encounter problem when they operate in the rural areas. The microfinance banks are identified with the following functions; (i) Receive money or collect proceed of banking instruments on behalf of their customers. (ii) Operate equipment leasing facilities, and support credit schemes to' ensure access of their customers to farm inputs, including financial inputs purchased on a consignment basis, for groups of clients. Sahel Analyst, Vol. 11, No. 2, December, 2009 26 (i) Give guarantee in favour of their customers to give them greater access to credit and other resources. (ii) Issue redeemable debentures to interested parties to raise funds from members of the public (i) Accept various types of deposits including savings, time and target deposits, from individuals, groups and other organizations. (ii) Pay and receive interest as agreed upon, between micro finance banks and their clients in accordance with public policy. (vii) Perform non-banking functions that promote grassroots development such as supports individual, cooperatives and group formation activities, assisting clients in marketing of Agricultural, rural industries and other extension services clients, and other community members. (viii) Do not engage in sophisticated banking service like foreign exchange transaction of international commercial papers; corporate finance in order to enable them retain their local focus and concentrate on community service. (ix) Provide credit to their customers, especially small and medium scale enterprises based in their areas. (x) Maintain and operate various types of accounts with or for other banks in Nigeria. Akpan (2006), holds that by its design is a unit bank owned by community development association or town union; or by trade association such as cooperative society, farmer group, social club, age grade, etc. or it may be owned by the indigenes of the community, the minimum number in this case being 50 with each person maintaining a maximum of the 5% of the banks equity. The management structure of the bank consists of the minimum of five members and a maximum of seven members, as may be amended from time to time. The head of administration (manager) paddles the dayto -day affairs of the bank with the support of banking officer, general service officer and credit development officer. The monthly return of the bank at its inception is sent to the National Board of Community Banks (NBCB), CBN and Nigerian deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). These regulatory bodies are expected to send supervisory team at certain intervals in order to scrutinize the affairs of the banks and formerly ensure that they adhere to the guiding laws. For a Microfinance.bank.to start, a full fledged operation, it must register with the corporate affairs commission through the NBCB with an equity share capital in cash of not less than two hundred and fifty thousand naira (N250,000) before they can be licensed to operate as microfinance bank. The NBCB would give the banks a provisional license to last for not more than two years. Therefore, base on its satisfactory performance and the recommendation of the NBCB, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) would issue a formal operating license to the bank. The microfinance banks generate their capital through different sources which include savings and deposit mobilization from their customers. Owing to this fact, the micro finance banks in Nigeria witness a monumental growth in number, their capital Formation and deposit. Although, their figures has reduced lately du


Running a private special school has its own difficulties, particularly when it comes to budget management. The effectiveness of an educational institution's financial management will undoubtedly have an influence on raising educational standards. The goal of this study is to examine how special schools handle their finances to raise educational standards. A case study methodology was employed in this qualitative research project at one of the private special schools in West Sumatra's Tanjung Raya sub-district. The foundation's director, the principal, and the treasurer served as the study's subjects. This study employed a variety of data gathering techniques, including documentation, interviews, and observation. The data was then examined via conclusion drawing, data reduction, and data display. According to the findings of this research, Tanjung Raya Special School has not implemented the planning, organizing, executing, and monitoring phases of financial management to their fullest potential. However, principals, teachers, and staff collaborate to manage school funding in order to raise educational standards in terms of infrastructure, amenities, and teacher welfare. Infrastructure and school facilities are in line with national education standards, and the provincial office's policies on teachers' welfare have been changed. It may be said that special school Tanjung Raya is doing its utmost to raise academic standards despite having less funding since they haven't yet gotten BOS grants.


1. The Researcher's Question. 2. Thinking about Influences on Behavior. 3. Describing Influences on Behavior. 4. Looking at Populations. 5. How Accurate Are Sample Means? 6. Answering the Researcher's Question by Turning It Upside Down. 7. A Recipe for Answering the Researcher's Question. 8. Expanding Our Thinking to n Dimensions: Analysis of Variance. 9. Using More Than Two Groups. 10. Using More Than One Independent Variable. 11. Relations between Variables: Linear Regression and Correlation. 12. Analyzing Categorical Data. 13. Perspective: Looking Back at Your Journey. Appendix: Coping With Math and Test Anxiety.


Propagation environments are areas that have been modified for plant growth, and can be designed using the law of limiting factors. Identifying critical factors that are most limiting to optimal plant growth is helpful when developing both bareroot and container nurseries. Propagation environments can be categorized into minimally-controlled, semi-controlled, and fully-controlled. The defining characteristics of each are discussed. When planning a nursery, three things should be considered: the type of crop, local soil and climate conditions, and available budget.


Species provided in a wireless communication system application for Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access service network between the guide and the non-3GPP access network apparatus and method of assistance information. User equipment (UE) for receiving the assistance information from the business-oriented e Node B (eNB) via a dedicated signaling, and once it enters the idle mode timer is started. After the timer expires, UE application assistance information received through broadcast signaling.


Abbreviated Contents: Preface. Introduction. A Survey of the Double-Dividend Literature. Early Literature. Recent Literature. Tax Shifting. Political-Economy Issues. Interactions Between Dividends. Conclusions. Environmental Tax Reform in the Benchmark Model. The Benchmark Tool. Environmental Taxes on Households. Environmental Taxes on Firms. Optimal Environmental Taxes. Numerical Simulations. Conclusions. Appendices. The Role of Capital Mobility and Factor Substitution. The Model with Mobile Capital in Production. Optimal Taxation. Tax Reform from Labor to Pollution Taxes. Tax Reform from Capital to Pollution Taxes. The Model with Fixed Capital in Production. Optimal Taxation. Tax Reform from Labor to Pollution Taxes. Numerical Solutions. Conclusions. Appendices. Environmental Taxes as Trade-Policy Instruments. The Three-Country Model. Tax Shifting to Foreign Suppliers of Polluting Inputs. Tax Shifting to Foreign Users of Intermediate Inputs. Numerical Simulations. Conclusions. Environmental Taxes and Distributional Concerns. The Model with Heterogeneous Households. Environmental Tax Reform. Numerical Simulations. Conclusions. Labor-Market Imperfections and the Triple Dividend. The Model with an Imperfect Labor Market. Environmental Tax Reform. Numerical Simulations. Conclusions. Feedback Effects of the Environment on The Economy. Production Externalities. Non-Separable Consumption Externalities. Numerical Simulations. Conclusions. Green Tax Reform in an Endogenous Growth Model. The Model. Effects on Growth, Pollution and Welfare. Tax Shifting. Conclusions. Appendices. Conclusions. References.


Valves are an important part of pipeline systems. They are used to regulate the flow and pressure, protect the pipes and pumps from over pressurization, prevent reverse flow through pumps, remove air and perform other functions. Check valve is installed in the suction line of pump arrangement to keep pump primed. Check valves also may be installed in discharge lines to minimize flow reversal, which can damage pumps and motors. Check valves should be open easily for forward flow, so they are stable under forward flow conditions and have a low flow loss coefficient. They close when the flow reverses so as not to generate undesirable transients in pipeline. With no flow in the system the valve remains closed or nearly closed due to the gravitational force and spring loaded disc. Tilting check valve is a type of construction of check valves. The basis of the tilting check valve is lifting a disc, pivoted on the periphery, with flow in one direction. The disc lifts and floats in the stream offering minimum resistance to flow. The disc tilt angle results from the balance ofthe disc weight and hydrodynamic forces. When the tilt angle tends to be very close to zero, the valve closes and in that moment a reverse flow and a sudden pressure rise occurs. The disc of the check valve is subjected to dynamic load due to the fluid striking the disc body. The dynamic load depends upon flow velocity and flow type. The dynamic force affects valve performance, decreases operating life, and increases flow loss coefficient. In this research, the dynamic characteristics of a tilting check valve is studied. A test setup is designed and modern instrumentation including spectrum analyzer, accelerometers, and vibration software are used to measure and analyze valve oscillations at different operating conditions.


This work introduces non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) into short-packet communications to reduce latency over the air interface in wireless networks. Specifically, we address the optimization of transmission rates and power allocation to maximize the effective throughput of the user with a higher channel gain while guaranteeing the other user achieving a certain level of effective throughput. To demonstrate the benefits of NOMA, we analyze the optimal performance of orthogonal multiple access (OMA) as a benchmark. Our examination shows that NOMA can significantly outperform OMA by achieving a higher effective throughput with the same latency or incurring a lower latency to achieve the same effective throughput targets. Surprisingly, we find that the performance gap between NOMA and OMA becomes more prominent when the effective throughput targets at the two users become comparable. This demonstrates that NOMA can significantly reduce the transmission latency and achieve fairness between users for short-packet communications.


The article examines the issues of digital safety in social networks among students in a vocational educational organization:media threats they face, problems and ways to protect personal pages. The purpose of the study is to study the subjective idea of digital safety in social networks of students of a vocational educational organization. The sociological online survey of vocational educational organization students in the Chelyabinsk region was used as a research method (the chronological scope of the survey is from January 16 to January 31, 2023). Thus, the material of the study was the results of a sociological survey (N=16169). The results of the survey regarding the popularity of social networks are fully correlated with the results of large domestic sociological surveys – most often over the past year, vocational educational organization students used VKontakte and Telegram; in general, a student's page on a social network allows you to get a fairly complete picture of a person and his activities; students on these resources most often encounter deception and fraud; hacking a personal page, insults and threats in private messages, as well as creating a clone page; respondents refer to effective ways to protect their account and their identity: the absence of contacts on the personal page, the timely exit from accounts on other people's devices, closing the page for those who are not friends, as well as limiting the placement of personal information on the page and the lack of geolocation. The authors of the article draw the conclusion about the insufficient competence of students in matters of digital security and the need for regular preventive measures to improve the overall level of media literacy and media security of students.


Abstract : Project Goals: The goal of this USGS project is to determine hydrologic conditions throughout the NFFC watershed and to identify actual sources of water quality impairment. Several activities are currently underway to accomplish this goal. These activities are to: 1. Measure nutrient levels in streams throughout the basins during various seasons. 2. Quantify the amount of fecal bacteria present in the streams. 3. Test for laundry brightener in the streams which indicates septic input. 4. Evaluate biologic communities to determine if the streams are healthy. 5. Develop a genetic technique for fecal bacteria that can identify the source (cattle, poultry, or other). 6. Evaluate the effectiveness of Best Management Practices (BMP) in NFFC watershed.


Results: Results showed that Salmonella can adhere to stainless steel and form biofilm in the beef broth which was significantly influenced by temperature. Higher biomass of biofilm was developed at 15, 4 and 8 °C, respectively. One-day-old is less dense (1 logarithmic cycle) than 7-day-old biofilm. No significant difference (P0.05) in biofilm reduction was observed in samples treated with different concentration as compared with control. Statistical differences were also not observed in the different contact time (10 and 15 min).


This paper explores the utility of using dictionary learning as a preprocessing stage in the data reduction of hyperspectral data for the express purpose of improving detection and classification of materials. This paper sets up the general framework, and discusses some of the preliminary research from pairing a random forest classifier with dictionary learning.


Trollope had a great admiration for Thackeray the novelist. Although he was never really influenced by him, he came close to him in The Way We Live Now (1875), one of his late novels, by exploring the territory of Vanity Fair with a satirical purpose. There are striking similitudes between Trollope's novel and Thackeray's masterpiece. There are also obvious differences, for Thackeray's satire is characterized by the mildness of the Horatian tradition, whereas Trollope's belongs to the more bitter and savage Juvenalian tradition. The conclusion of the article tries to achieve a synthesis between Tony Tanner's interpretation of the novel and James Kincaid's. Despite its reassuring ending, it is indeed a dark novel in which Trollope reveals the murkiest aspects of Vanity Fair.


The study aimed to isolate and localize mutually independent cognitive processes evoked during a word recognition task involving food‐related and food‐neutral words using independent component analysis (ICA) for continuously recorded EEG data. Recognition memory (old/new effect) involves cognitive subcomponents—familiarity and recollection—which may be temporally and spatially dissociated in the brain. Food words may evoke additional attentional salience which may interact with the old/new effect.


Au-rich eutectic AuSn (Au80wt%-Sn20wt%) solder ball alloy is extensively used in MEMS and optoelectronics packaging, for providing flip-chip solder bump interconnections. In this paper, we will look into the possibility of using laser solder ball jetting process for direct eutectic AuSn solder bumping on Al bond pad surface, and compare with eutectic AuSn solder bumping on Al bond pad with Ti/Ni/Au UBM structure. The laser jetted eutectic AuSn solder bumps were observed to wet and form hemi-spherical bumps on the Al bond pad surface, with and without UBM structure. FIB-EDX analysis of the laser jetted eutectic AuSn solder bump on Al bond pad with UBM structure showed formation of dense islands of Au5Sn IMC layer from the top Au finishing layer of the UBM structure. On the other hand, only a few clusters of Au5Sn IMC were formed near to the solder joint of the laser jetted eutectic AuSn solder bump on Al bond pad surface. Ball shear test on the laser jetted eutectic AuSn solder bumps exhibited average solder shear strength of 4.52g/mil2 and 14.22g/mil2, on Al bond pad surface and Al bond pad with UBM structure respectively. Laser jetted eutectic AuSn solder bumps on Al bond pad surface displayed pad lift failure mode, as compared to failure at Al bond pad layer for Al bond pad with UBM structure. In conclusion, eutectic AuSn solder balls could be bumped onto Al bond pad surface via laser jetting.


Camera calibration is a fundamental task in computer vision and photogrammetry. This paper presents an approach for automatic estimation of intrinsic parameters from images by using vanishing points with orthogonal directions. Firstly, image lines are extracted and are clustered into groups corresponding to three dominant vanishing points. Second, camera parameters including the radial distortion are estimated by adjusting linear parameters locating the images. Finally, the rotation matrix of the projection matrix is computed from the vanishing points, and the image edges and the translation matrix are obtained with the help of additional translation motion between the viewpoints. Our approach does not need any a priori information about the cameras being used. Experiments to evaluate the performance of this approach on synthetic and real data are reported.


TRANSIMS is a series of integrated transportation and air quality analysis and forecasting models being developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The principal components of TRANSIMS are an activity generator, an intermodal route planner, a traffic microsimulation, and an environmental analysis module. TRANSIMS will offer transportation planning agencies increased policy sensitivity, more detailed vehicle-emission estimates, and improved analysis and visualization capabilities. TRANSIMS is part of the Travel Model Improvement Program (TMIP), a multiyear, multiagency program designed to improve both the analytical tools and the integration of these tools into the planning process. TRANSIMS is the long-term effort to redesign the modeling process from the ground up. The modules developed for TRANSIMS contain many significant advances beyond the four-step models: disaggregate models, simulation, integrated system, highly detailed vehicle emission estimates, and operational tools. The development of TRANSIMS' core capabilities is complete; however, a case study, set in Portland, Oregon, will explore the sensitivity of TRANSIMS software to different types of data.


Part I. Index and small eigenvalues: The Dirac operator and the scalar curvature of continuously deformed algebraic varieties by C. Bar and D. Bleecker The geometry of the Riemann-Hilbert problem by B. Bojarski Chiral anomaly and Grassmannian boundary conditions by T. Kori The index of cone Mellin operators by G. Rozenblum Part II. Eta-invariants, spectral flows, and Seiberg-Witten monopoles: Symplectic functional analysis and spectral invariants by B. Booss-Bavnbek and K. Furutani Eta invariants, spectral flows and finite energy Seiberg-Witten monopoles by L. I. Nicolaescu Part III. Heat kernels, determinants, torsion: Heat asymptotics with spectral boundary conditions by S. Dowker, P. Gilkey, and K. Kirsten Heat content asymptotics by P. Gilkey Extremal Kahler metrics and Ray-Singer analytic torsion by W. Muller and K. Wendland Noncommutative residues, Dixmier's trace, and heat trace expansions on manifolds with boundary by E. Schrohe Part IV. Generalizations: Spectral invariants and geometry of mapping spaces by A. Asada Spectral theory of boundary value problems for Dirac type operators by J. Bruning and M. Lesch Ellipticity and parametrices on manifolds with cuspidal edges by B.-W. Schulze and N. Tarkhanov Classical and quantum completeness for the Schrodinger operators on non-compact manifolds by M. Shubin.


– The purpose of the study is to develop understanding about the role of information and knowledge in healthcare processes and thereby create a basis for practices that would better support the actual service provision. This paper seeks to model and analyze the service processes of two case settings: laboratory and radiology units of a Finnish regional healthcare system., – The main actors, their knowledge needs, current knowledge practices and bottlenecks in knowledge flows were recognized. The paper combines conceptual analysis and empirical findings. The empirical data were collected in the autumn of 2010 and consist of 32 thematic interviews in two units of a healthcare organization in Finland. The themes of the interviews are related to current knowledge practices and processes., – The paper exemplifies an approach that provides a systematic basis for analyzing different aspects of knowledge management in healthcare processes. The approach provides valuable insights for analyzing knowledge‐based foundations of health services and it is expected that this analysis helps elaborate the practical knowledge processes of healthcare organizations., – The paper approaches health information management from the viewpoint of knowledge management discourse and highlights the importance of knowledge‐based value creation. Instead of mere information transfer or delivery the paper emphasizes the knowledge‐in‐use perspective. Despite the essential role of knowledge assets, the development efforts have mainly concentrated on solving local problems with context specific technical solutions.


Evidence of instability of TiSi2 layers during high‐temperature high vacuum annealing has been observed. Rutherford backscattering and scanning electron microscopy measurements showed that at high vacuum annealing conditions, the laterally homogeneous silicide layer breaks up into islands. In between these TiSi2 islands, growth of an epitaxial silicon layer was observed.


The objective of the research is to determine the stiffness of bitumen with Gondorukem additives that form a new binder for pavement construction. The binders were subjected to conventional tests including penetration, softening point to determine the penetration Index. The stiffness of binder is determined by means of Van der Poel Nomograph. A new modified binder with Gondorukem additives improved the conventional properties of the base bitumen such as; penetration, softening point, temperature susceptibility. Moreover, all the four percentages of G/B (3%, 5%, 7% and 10%) might be applicable for road construction and the optimum percentage of modified binder Gondorukem in Bitumen (G/B) is achieved at 7% G/B.


There are a series of inherited fault belts in Songliao basin. They are composed of three fracture systems: tensional fault block, extensional fault group tensional fault block, and wrench fault group. Inherited fault belts play an important role in not only the process of the formation and development of the basin, but also migration and accumulation of oil and gas.The fault belts have obvious differences vertically both in scale and in property. The faults of T2 T5 are growth faults, while the faults of T1 and some deep spreading faults are epi genetic, sliding faults. They have different scales on the reflections from T06 T5. T2 and T5 have more faults and the faults of T5 have larger scales. They form 6 large NNE trending fractures throughout the reflections and reach basement.The NNE trending fractures control the development of the rift basin's primary and sub structures, forming EW trending strips. The NW trending fractures control the sub structures' distribution, and cut the strips into blocks. The deep fractures are the crust's breakage zones, subsidence regions and paths of ground thermal flows. They control the sedimentary system and source area.With the happening of late time tectonic movement, deep fractures cause a series of consecutive faults and folds, which act as passages and traps in the process of hydrocarbon's migration. Deep fractures are long term developing faults, so they are both enrichment districts of oil gas in mutilayer and compound of oil bearing systems.


A new discrete-time model for pulse-width modulated (PWM) converters operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) which leads to the exact discrete-time mathematical representation of the averaged values of the output signal is proposed. This model can also provide the averaged values of other internal signals with little increase in simulation time. The use of piecewise linear (PL) iteration method dramatically reduces the simulation time, while introducing a little simulation approximation. It is compared to other existing models with respect to accuracy and simulation speed through a numerical example of boost converter. This method gives the exact one-cycle-average (OCA) values of signals at switching instants if PL iteration is not used and, by far, more accurate than other methods if PL iteration is not used. Numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and speed.


T history of masculinity, relatively new on the historical stage, is an increasingly popular subject. But it is not welcomed by all. This new popularity of the history of masculinity, intimately tied to a larger gender history, is for some deeply reactionary, and there are several reasons why feminist women's historians are worried. Some forms of gender history have been denounced as "a male tool used in an attempt to dissipate women's power whereby women become historically viable subjects only when placed alongside men, thus reinforcing their position as 'other.'" Moreover, gender history often explores ideas about and meanings of femininity and masculinity. Focusing on representation and discourse can appear to leave little room in which to ponder the activities of actual individuals with agency. It erases autonomous individuals acting in the world and produces "subjects interpolated in a discursive field." As Judith Bennett cautioned, a history of gender as meaning "intellectualizes and abstracts the inequality of the sexes." For women's and feminist historians, the problem is a political one: gender history can be depoliticized or antifeminist because it allows us to forget the material workings of power in the past. Gender history is certainly closely related to the cultural turn. The leading statement on gender as an analytical category comes from Joan Scott. For her,


1 Department of Surgery II, Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ''Victor Babes'' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania 2 ''Austria House'', Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania 3 – Clinic of Ophtalmology, Emergency City Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Summary: Palprebal ptosis is a condition caused by different congenital and acquired pathologies. Difficulty seeing due to the visual field obstruction, prefrontal headaches due to chronic use of the frontalis muscle in an attempt to lift the eyelids and cosmetic deformity are the main complaints of the patients. The surgical correction of the ptosis can be challenging. According to the preoperative evaluation, the most appropriate technique should be used to maximize the postoperator result. We describe a new surgical approach for severe upper eyelid acquired ptosis consisting in reanimation of the eyelid by using the neighboring active muscle. Two clinical cases with different ethiology for severe upper eyelid ptosis are presented. Both have been suitable candidates for the new surgical approach we introduce. The result was a normal palpebral fissure. The advantage of this approach consist in immediate postoperator mobiliztion of the upper eyelid which determine the recovery of the upper lid motility by autocontrol.


Antibody responses(IgG) to Paragonimus westermani. Clonorchis sinensis, Cysticercus cellulosae, Sparganum Anisakis simplex, Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis were studied. The ELISA technique was performed to determine the prevalence of above helminthic diseases. 975 cases obtained from Yanbian of China during October, 1995 to July, 1997 were examined with a positive antibody titer of 5.74% in clonorchiasis, 4.92% in paragonimiasis, 1.54% in cysticercosis. 8.51% in sparganosis, 1.85% in anisakiosis, 12.51% in toxocariasis, and 7.08% in trichinosis respectively. And 23.87% in showed positive antibody titer at least one of the seven helminths. The differences of the age and sex in the positive sera were analysed by the Chi-squared test and the level of significance accepted was p


Coccinia indica is a climbing, herbaceous, branched tropical vine native to tropical Asia, including India. Being a part of Indian traditional medicine for ages, it has been widely used in reducing blood sugar among various other uses. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the reported anti-diabetic potential of methanolic polyherbal extract of Coccinia indica leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Hyperglycemia was induced in overnight fasted healthy adult Wister albino rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin made in citrate buffer. The diabetic rats in groups received treatment with two different concentrations of the extract, the standard drug and saline. The effectiveness of extract in the maintenance of blood glucose level in both normal and diabetic rats is indicated by significant reduction of the elevated blood sugar level after 10 days of treatment (up to 41.87%) which is comparable to that of standard drug glibenclamide (43.50%) under similar conditions. The results from the experimental studies reflect the efficiency of extract to control blood glucose levels, thereby ascertaining the antihyperglycaemic activity of methanol extract of Coccinia indica and its potential for safe use in the antidiabetic therapy. INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders and 1.3% of the population suffers from this disease throughout the world. India leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects earning the dubious distinction of being termed the "Diabetes capital of the world". According to the Diabetes Atlas 2006 published by the International Diabetes Federation, the number of people with diabetes in India (currently around 40.9 million) is expected to rise to 69.9 million by 2025 requiring immediate attention of the health care professionals 1 .


The single stand cold rolling mills are generally called as reversing mills, whereby the metal strip is successively wound and unwound in the form of coil as it is repeatedly passed back and forth through the one mill stand. Rolling Pass schedule consists of setting of control parameters at each pass depending on various factor like input and output thickness, width of the coil, material to be rolled, mill capability etc. Majority Quality related problem faced by cold rolled producers using single stand cold rolling are strip thickness variation and strip flatness, also they are concerned about power consumption and production rate. This happens because there is no standard pass schedule available which can predict these Performance parameters. The operator uses thumb rule to make pass schedule. There is no Theoretical model available for such complex cold rolling process. Experimental Model using Taguchi based Single Optimization Method can improve the quality and process performance of the Mill. The main objective of this paper is to show the capability of the Taguchi Quality loss function based multi response optimization methods in increasing productivity of cold rolling process while controlling the Quality and cost of Production. The proposed methodology is used to optimize Multi process performance namely thickness variation, strip flatness, production rate and Power consumption by obtaining optimal solution for control factors exit tension, entry tension, Mill speed and Roll bending pressure for cold rolling of low carbon steel in single stand reversible cold rolling mill. A L_27 orthogonal array was selected and total 27 experiments were conducted after selecting control factors and its levels. Interaction plot shows no interaction among the control parameters. The ANOVA carried out which shows the mill speed is most significant control factor. The optimal values obtained using the multi characteristics optimization Model using Taguchi loss function has been validated by confirmation experiment.


This article aims to verify the didactic-pedagogic in the area of entrepreneurship and its interference in the propensity to entrepreneurial activities in th...


The purpose of the present study is to understand the relationship between passengers' level of hospitality performance in private setting and their expectation of hospitality provision in airlines as commercial setting. The present study sample consists of 546 passengers. The Partial Least Square Technique (PLS) was applied as the research method. Finding indicates that there is positive relationship between commercial hospitality dimensions and private domain of hospitality in an airline context. Present study can be considered as the pioneer on confirming private and commercial hospitality relationship in an airline context. Understanding relationship among commercial and private domain of hospitality will help airline managers to apply better strategies for attracting more passengers.


Preliminary orbit determination theories for artificial lunar and planetaiy satellites ate developed in this paper The theories are based on Doppler obseivations alone Both circular and elliptical preliminary orbits are treated The portions of classical specti oscopic binai y star theory that are applicable to the pioblem are pointed out The secular bulge peituibations, which accumulate during the observation interval, are taken into account in the development These terms heretofore have been neglected in pieliminary orbit determination theories for artificial planetary satellites It is important that they be included if the theory is to have practical application Particular attention is directed to lunar and Martian artificial satellite orbits, but the theories aie applicable to satellites of other planets as well A numerical verification of the theory for a lunar satellite reveals that the observations used in the orbit determination must be selected with considerable care Also, moie than the minimum number of observations and a least-squares solution foi the elements are necessary in order to obtain satisfactory results


According to an embodiment, a mobile extender (82) is provided that may be configured to provide a base unit (81) with an uplink via a mobile network such as LTE.


The shortcomings are analyzed existing in the traditional coal enterprise resource planning system.According to structured hierarchical design method,multi-layer structure and overall process was designed in the coal enterprise resource planning system.To achieve the study and design of coal enterprise resource planning system,paper introduces the features,determines the technical scheme,analyzes and solves the key problems,including the composition of the common object,internal module interface,external system interface,as well as the collaborative and data processing between system and office automation system.


Frequently, property is given by a testator or by the settlor of a trust to one person for life, with a power to name by appointment the persons who are to, take the property after his death. What state has jurisdiction over property subject to such a power of appointment, and what law governs the creation and the exercise of such a power? The two problems raised by these cases have been troubling the courts of common-law countries for exactly one hundred years 1 since the situs of the property and the domiciles of the donor of the power (i. e., the settlor or the testator), the donee (i. e., the person, generally the life tenant, who is to exercise the power), and the appointee often do not coincide. The growing prevalence of trusts, both inter vivos and testamentary, and of the use of the device of a power of appointment in trust deeds and in wills, and the attempts of various states and countries to tax both the creation of such powers and their exercise or the failure to exercise them, render timely the collection of the cases involving these questions and an attempt to develop the principles which have moved the courts in deciding them. It seems logical to take up first the jurisdictional question, which has been considered by the courts chiefly in connection with inheritance tax cases; other types of cases, however, such as those dealing with the rights of the donee's "forced heirs" and creditors, should be treated from the same viewpoint. In the light of the results of this jurisdictional study, one can then consider the authorities on the problem of what law governs documents creating and exercising powers with respect to both real estate (a comparatively easy question under the authorities) and personalty. This latter problem, dealt with in numerous cases, may in turn be subdivided into three questions: namely, what law governs (a) the construction of the donor's will or deed, (b) the validity (formal and "essential") of the donee's exercise of the power, and (c) the construction of the will or deed in which the donee exercised it. Nearly all questions of conflict of laws concerning property, as well as other matters, can be considered from the two angles indicated


In this paper we investigate the conditions under which business model copycats (BMCs) in emerging economies enjoy initial legitimacy and increase their chances for investment by imitating leading ...


SUMMARY Objective: Nasal packs are widely used in nasal operations causing acute and complete obstruction of the nasal passage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nasal packs on systemic blood pressure (BP) after septoplasty operations. Methods: Forty randomly selected patients (24 male, 16 female) aged between 18-55 (mean 31,3±10,4) with septal deviaton were included in our study. These patients were divided into two groups with twenty patients each. In the first group Merocel nasal packs were used after septoplasty and in the second group transseptal suturing was done. Sex and age matched twenty adults were assigned as controls. All the patients in the study groups were put onto 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before septoplasty and on the second postoperative day (with nasal packs). The data were compared using SPSS 10.0 software. Results: The mean night systolic and diastolic BP were found to be significantly increased in the second postoperative day in nasal packing group (p 0,05). The BP levels were found significantly higher in the nasal packing group when the postoperative 2nd day mean night systolic and diastolic BP of both study groups were compared (p<0,05). Conclusion: Acute airway obstruction by nasal packs after nasal operations may lead to a significant increase in mean nocturnal systolic and diastolic BP in normotensive patients. Therefore care must be taken when nasal packs are used in patients with cardiologic and vascular diseases.


One could hardly locate a more tiresome or cliched critical label within the scope of English Writing in India than Mulk Raj Anand's humanism. In keeping with each critic's compulsions Anand's commitment is either extolled (by Marxist' and liberal' alike) or debunked.' Not surprisingly, given the sociological innocence of current critical orientations, the concept itself has rarely been placed under critical scrutiny. Yet, as with so many other concepts similarly taken for granted, when it is, what emerges is hardly boring, or for that matter, benign. This journal article is available in Kunapipi: http://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol4/iss2/7


Partial discharge is often generated at the tower head of the electric pole in the 10kV overhead insulated line. In order to master the mechanism of partial discharge generation, this paper mainly studies the influence of various factors, such as insulator deterioration at the tower head of the electric pole, binding line form, pollution and water, and alalyzes the pulse current characteristics of partial discharge. It can provide the basis for carrying out the equipment condition assessment based on the line operation.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly present in many family homes, yet it is unclear precisely how well families understand the cyber security threats and risks of using such devices, and how possible it is for them to educate themselves on these topics. Using a survey of 553 parents and interviews with 25 families in the UK, we find that families do not consider home IoT devices to be significantly different in terms of threats than more traditional home computers, and believe the major risks to be largely mitigated through consumer protection regulation. As a result, parents focus on teaching being careful with devices to prolong device life use, exposing their families to additional security risks and modeling incorrect security behaviors to their children. This is a risk for the present and also one for the future, as children are not taught about the IoT, and appropriate cyber security management of such devices, at school. We go on to suggest that steps must be taken by manufacturers and governments or appropriate trusted institutions to improve the cyber security knowledge and behaviors of both adults and children in relation to the use of home IoT devices.


Combining with the requirements of high-rise residential on environment,it inquires the bottom space design of high-rise residential area,analyzes the pros and cons of bottom space of high-rise residential area currently,and puts forward some solutions such as increasing multi-level communication space,changing household mode,and establishing adaptable exterior environment and so on,so as to improve the high-rise residential environment.


One of the most important recent developments in the management of superficial bladder cancer has been the unequivocal demonstration that intravesical immunotherapy can prevent progression of the disease to muscle-invasive cancer, whereas intravesical chemotherapy apparently cannot. Toxicity for these two forms of therapy still remains a major problem and attempts at reducing the dosage of immunotherapeutic agents are underway. The promise that various simple natural agents, taken by mouth, can have a significant effect on bladder cancer prophylaxis is being energetically explored at the present time.


Although numerical approximation and statistical inference are traditionally seen as entirely separate subjects, they are intimately connected through the common purpose of making estimations with partial information. This shared purpose is currently stimulating a growing interest in statistical inference/machine-learning approaches to solving PDEs [8,13], in the use of randomized algorithms in linear algebra [2], and in the merging of numerical errors withmodeling errors in uncertainty quantification [3]. While this interestmight be perceived as a recent phenomenon, interplays between numerical approximation and statistical inference are not new. Indeed, they can be traced back to Poincaré's course in probability theory (1896) and to the pioneering investigations of Sul'din [19], Palasti and Renyi [12], Sard [14], Kimeldorf and Wahba [4] (on the


Objective To establish and initially verify the mathematical model for the four natures of Chinese materia medica(CMM) in pathological state. Methods The combustion enthalpy of Xiaochaihu Decoction(XD) and the in vivo metabolites in mice with cold syndrome before and after treatment was measured using HR3000 Digital Calorimeter, and the enthalpy changes of the in vivo metabolite in mice on drug combinations with or without XD were calculated and analyzed. The cold-heat properties of CMM were judged, and the mathematical model established by the first law of thermodinamics was validated. Results The combustion enthalpy of the treatment and model groups of "mice with cold syndrome" was calculated. The Scutellariae-Bupleurum and Scutellariae-Bupleurum + Licorice groups were identified as cold property drugs, XD, Ginseng-Ginger-Jujube-Pinellia, GinsengGinger-Jujube-Pinellia + Licorice, and Scutellariae-Bupleurum + Ginseng-Ginger-Jujube-Pinellia groups were heat property drugs, and Licorice group was flat property drug. Conclusion The cold or heat changes of body by drug combinations with or without XD could be reflected accurately by the mathematical model of the four natures of CMM in pathological state. The model could be used to quantitatively reflect the four natures of the compound CMM.


Background: Sino-implant (II) is a subdermal contraceptive implant manufactured in China. This two-rod levonorgestrel-releasing implant has the same amount of active ingredient (150 mg levonorgestrel) and mechanism of action as the widely available contraceptive implant Jadelle. We examined randomized controlled trials of Sino-implant (II) for effectiveness and side effects. Study Design: We searched electronic databases for studies of Sino-implant (II) and then restricted our review to randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome of this review was pregnancy. Results: Four randomized trials with a total of 15,943 women assigned to Sino-implant (II) had first-year probabilities of pregnancy ranging from 0.0% to 0.1%. Cumulative probabilities of pregnancy during the 4 years of the product's approved duration of use were 0.9% and 1.06% in the two trials that presented date for 4-year use. Five-year cumulative probabilities of pregnancy ranged from 0.7% to 2.1%. In one trial, the cumulative probability of pregnancy more than doubled during the fifth year (from 0.9% to 2.1%), which may be why the implant is approved for 4 years of use in China. Five-year cumulative probabilities of discontinuation due to menstrual problems ranged from 12.5% to 15.5% for Sino-implant (II). Conclusions: Sino-implant (II) is one of the most effective contraceptives available today. These available clinical data, combined with independent laboratory testing, and the knowledge that 7 million women have used this method since 1994, support the safety and effectiveness of Sino-implant (II). The lower cost of Sino-implant (II) compared with other subdermal implants could improve access to implants in resource-constrained settings. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


The paper presents the result of a triennial field experiment (2013‒15), aiming to determine the influence of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, and cultivars, as well as their interactions on the yield and chemical properties of the soybean seeds. Four soybean cultivars (Lucija, Vita, Ika and Tena) of different maturity groups were investigate as a sub‐subplot factor (C). The main plot factor (A - irrigation) resulted in a statistically very significant (P≤0.01) seed yield in all three years, and it was found out by an analysis of variance. The subplot factor (B - nitrogen fertilization) had an impact on the grain yield depending on the research year, while sub‐subplot factor (C-cultivar) significantly affected all examined traits. The factor interactions and their significance varied by the research years. The seed yield achieved in 2013 (3883 kg ha-1) indicated a great importance of all factors' interaction. The correlations between a seed yield and a protein and oil concentration were determined during the research.


• Creation of a reconfigurable computational core, which enables an adaptive radiolocation platform. The core will be designed to allow tradeoffs between different system parameters, including power/energy, latency and accuracy of the positioning algorithms. Furthermore, this case study will give insight into automated synthesis techniques for implementing DSP applications on high performance reconfigurable systems.


Well winter is certainly with us in New Zealand with rain and wind, but it seems that other parts of the world aren't having the summer they were expecting. As a nutritionist, feed materials are a main interest of mine, and yet again it seems that harvests are likely to be poor this year, making it difficult to farm in an economic fashion. The conference season is well under way at the time of writing, and although most people are gearing up for the WPC next year in Brazil, there are still some interesting events regarding poultry. The Board is holding its meeting at the Turkey conference at the end of October/start November and I would like to thank the organisers there for hosting us. It should be an enjoyable place to work for a few days.


The authors previously proposed an economic and mathematical model of investing in personnel and also the algorithm for determining of risk-free and the size of non-market risks. The goals of the article are to develop the threat rates and risk sensitive search methods during engineering of investment portfolio through arbitrage pricing theory for investment in personnel to return on investment. Questions of risk evaluation when choosing assets to invest in human capital of a company are fully provided. The covariance structure of allocation of funds of risk-free part of investment portfoliois addressed, that helps to calculate covariance between return on assets and threat rates of investment patterns that is necessary to find factor betas of portfolio. Also, the matrix of budget sharpening is offered that shows the detail investment budgets risk-free pieces split for all assets having regard to risks. The elements got standard interpretation. Then there is the balance condition that is to implement the proof of calculation. Finally, the method of how to calculate and estimate them is given.


Bismuth telluride is a thermoelectric material with high figure of merit, used for cooling applications at room temperature. To investigate the effect of morphology and grain size on transport parameters, nanostructured bismuth telluride has been synthesized under different reaction conditions and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. From the measurement of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power, power factor for different samples has been obtained. The results show that the transport parameters are critically influenced by the morphology and dimension of the samples that in turn depend on the condition of synthesis. The experimentally observed variation of electrical conductivity with the change of dimensionality of the samples from 2D to 0D, which is in line with the theoretical prediction made by other workers, is discussed. There is a variation of the power factor of the samples prepared under different conditions of synthesis.


Politicians in the United States are coming under increasing scrutiny from fact-checkers like PolitiFact, Factcheck.org, and the Washington Post Fact Checker, who examine the accuracy of public statements that are often reported without challenge by traditional news organizations. However, we know little about the effects of this practice, especially on public officials. One possibility is that fact-checking might help to deter the dissemination of misinformation, especially for candidates and legislators at lower levels of government who receive relatively little scrutiny and are sensitive to potential threats to re-election.


Museums are normally described as not only cultural and heritage institutions but also the institutions of arts. It is the cultural and heritage institutions of a country that have long been associated with the tangible aspects of their collected art works. Over a period of time cultural and heritage institutions have learned to interrelate with communities and societies and now are actively working with both tangible and intangible culture and heritage. At a crucial time of urbanization, communities are losing their intangible cultural heritage very fast. The new generation is losing the connection between their cultural heritage and beliefs which had been followed over a long period by their ancestors. Only through the Museums that relationship can be built as it can preserve our cultural and historical heritage. It can bridge the gap with the communities through cultural interpretation of the artefacts and with the support of the communities. Conservation and documentation of the tangible and intangible culture and heritage need to add to the function of the museums. Indian museums have a wide range of traditional, religious and cultural art and crafts in their collections; some of these collections are the living heritage of certain communities. These communities have used these artefacts in the past to pass on knowledge and skills generation by generation in families by the elders.


PURPOSE: To shape a sheet metal blank independently of the ductility of the sintered friction lining during plastic working in manufacturing a friction ring for a clutch or a brake. CONSTITUTION: After a friction lining made of sintered powder mixture is coated on a flat sheet metal blank, a conical or cylindrical support ring is formed from the flat sheet metal blank, and the friction lining is sintered on the ring surface to manufacture a friction ring for a clutch or a brake. Before the sintered powder mixture for the friction lining is applied to the flat sheet metal blank to form the coating, the mixture is mixed with a synthetic resin binder, and after solidifying the applied sintered powder-synthetic resin mixture, the sheet metal blank is formed to manufacture a support ring. Subsequently, after the synthetic resin binder is removed, or while removing the same, the friction lining is sintered. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


The double impulse input is used as a good substitute of the near-fault ground motion and the closed-form expression is derived of the bilinear elastic-plastic critical response of a structure under this double input. The closed-form expression is also derived for the non-critical case. Because only the free-vibration appears after each impulse of such double impulse input, the energy balance formulation leads to the derivation of the closed-form expression of a complicated bilinear elastic-plastic response. It is shown that the maximum inelastic deformation can occur after the second impulse different from the case for elastic-perfectly plastic models. The validity and accuracy of the proposed theory are investigated through the comparison with the response analysis to the corresponding one-cycle sinusoidal input and recorded ground motions.


BACKGROUND
Cardiac troponin I levels are often obtained to help rule out acute coronary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE
To determine if elevation of troponin level within 24 hours for patients without acute coronary syndrome admitted to the intensive care unit provides important prognostic information.

METHODS
Patients without acute coronary syndrome admitted to the intensive care unit were prospectively divided into 2 groups according to highest serum level of cardiac troponin I within 24 hours of admission (elevated > 0.049 ng/mL; control ≤ 0.049 ng/mL). Hospital mortality, incidence of intubation, and other parameters were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS
Patients with elevated troponin level (n = 40) had higher mortality than did control patients (n = 50) (35% vs 12%; P= .01). Compared with control patients, patients with elevated levels were more likely to be intubated (41% vs 17%; P= .02).

CONCLUSION
Critically ill patients without acute coronary syndrome with elevated levels of cardiac troponin I at admission had higher mortality and more intubations than did control patients.


This article aims to propose new criteria for dynamic decoupling between primary and secondary systems, supplementing existing criteria in the French nuclear industry. The criteria developed are based on frequency and response decoupling of both systems and can be directly used by engineers to complement existing criteria. They provide information on the types of interactions between the systems (inertial or kinematic interactions) and on the types of modeling to be adopted (lumped masses or complete model).


The aim of this study was to describe individual training strategies in preparation to Giro d'Italia of three world class road cyclists who achieved a top 5 in the general classification. Day‐to‐day power meter training and racing data of three road cyclists (age: 26, 27, 25 years; relative maximum oxygen consumption: 81, 82, 80 ml·min−1·kg−1; relative 20‐min record power output: 6.6, 6.6, 6.4 W kg−1) of the 22 weeks (December–May) leading up to the top 5 in Giro d'Italia general classification were retrospectively analyzed. Weekly volume and intensity distribution were considered. Cyclists completed 17, 22, 29 races, trained averagely for 19.7 (7.9), 16.2 (7.0), 14.7 (6.2) hours per week, with a training intensity distribution of 91.3–6.5‐2.2, 83.6–10.6‐5.8, 86.7–8.9‐4.4 in zone 1‐zone 2‐zone 3 before the Giro d'Italia. Two cyclists spent 55 and 39 days at altitude, one did not attend any altitude camp. Cyclists adopted an overall pyramidal intensity distribution with a relevant increase in high‐intensity volume and polarization index in races weeks. Tapering phases seem to be dictated by race schedule instead of literature prescription, with no strength training performed by the three cyclists throughout the entire periodization.


Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (J Pacic Northwest National Laboratory, 902 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 M USA. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 40 USA Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South C United Technologies Research Center, 411 S † Electronic supplementary informa 10.1039/c6ta01177b ‡ These authors contributed equally to th Cite this: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 5448


A better understanding of what is at stake in seduction in contemporary education in order to detect its detrimental effects is what this article is about. Here is described what the writer calls ontological seduction, which shakes the subconscious of the parent and accounts for the effects of seduction of the parent towards the child : original seduction first of all, because of the asymmetry between the adult who knows more and the child who knows less, and then precocious seduction arising from the maternal care given to the baby, and finally relationship of social seen today as more politically correct than relationship based on constraint ! The main question is to know whether it is possible to escape from the effects of this seduction. There are no other solutions for escaping from the power of seduction than from that of the force to resist the enjoyment of subjecting someone more vulnerable than oneself by using either this force or this seduction. This respect of the vulnerability of the other, this form of self-denial of one's strength and one's enjoyment, is precisely what I call « authority »


This article contests prevailing academic conceptions of the modernisation of parliamentary Left parties. According to these accounts, 'modernisation' is viewed either as a pragmatic adaptation to international socioeconomic change, or as a misguided accommodation of ascendant neoliberal values, norms and practices. In both of these accounts, Left parties are perceived as passively reacting to the structures that contextualise their actions. Developing a neo-Gramscian perspective and using the Chilean Socialist Party and the British Labour Party as examples, we argue that modernisation can be more adequately conceptualised as the process by which Left parties operate within the contemporary neoliberal historical bloc, actively contributing to the (re)production of neoliberal hegemony.


The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of seed extract of Solanum Virginianum . The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH scavenging assay while the anticancer property of the Solanum virginanum in swiss albino mice against Dalton Ascites Lymphoma (DAL).Tumor was induced in mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of Dalton Ascites Lymphoma cells (1 x 10 5 cells / mouse).The seed extract was found to possess significant antioxidant and anticancer activities.


Objective To assess ascending branch of uterine artery ligation and modified B-lynch suture in the postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine inertia.Methods Retrospective analysis was done on the 36 cases of incurable postpartum hemorrhage underwent ascending branch of uterine artery ligation and modified B-lynch suture from Mar 2003 to Jul 2007 in our hospital.when the hemorrhage couldn't be treated routinely Results All cases were rescued successfully,Hemostasis achieved,preservering uterus and it's physiological functions,no complication took place.Conclusion Ascending branch of uterine artery ligation and modified B-lynch suture is one of effective treatment for incurable postpartum hemorrhage.


This research was conducted to analyze the implementation of Hourensou communication system in workplace and organizational culture of current condition and the expected condition of PT. Indonesia Koito, in order to develop Hourensou communication system in workplace and organizational culture in improving employees' performance. The samples of this researches were ninety two structural employees in Production and Administration. This research used descriptive approach; the main data of research were taken from the questionnaire that was filled by the respondents. The method of data analysis was quadrant analysis in order to analysis the Hourensou communication system and employees' performance, as well as OCAI method to analyze organizational culture. The result of analysis showed that the current implementation of Hourensou communication system was only limited on the understanding of employees on Hourensou as communication system in a workplace, while the expected condition showed that Hourensou training, benefit of Hourensou, function of Hourensou, and implementation method of Hourensou were still maintained. The result of analysis on the implementation of organizational culture was dominated by clan type (kinship) and the expected condition also showed the domination of clan type, so the strategy of PT. Indonesia Koito to develop the Hourensou communication system was implied on the training, function, and benefit of Hourensou in workplace, while strategy of PT. Indonesia Koito in improving organizational culture was directed to the kinship type to improve the performance of employees.


It is widely known that the capitals market is a major source of permanent financial resources for the economy because of the connection it establishes between agents with savings capacity (investors) and those in need of long term financial resources (finance borrowers). That being so, this paper presents a study on the possibility of capturing the financial surplus generated for the Private sector by public investments in transport projects using financing instruments, specifically, bonds. Such a study is needed to provide supporting information for new investments in transport projects given the scarcity of financial resources in a considerable number of Latin American countries. The analysis undertaken considers the Brazilian Capitals Market as a case study and 2 Costa, J. O.; Aldigueri, D. R.; Rocha, C. H.; Aragão, J. J. G. accordingly the concepts used in it are presented in the perspective of Brazilian legislation.


On application area for enterprise modelling is for improving business practice and management. In such improvement situations an important dimension is optimized information flow in organisations. ...


Mass spectrographs have been increasingly used in the fields such as environment monitoring,food safety,examination and quarantine,and the new medicine RD,etc.The portable type mass spectrographs will become one of the most promising products in the related market.In contrast with the strong market demands,the national manufacturing capability,however,does not commensurate to the vast market size.In this article,based on the current domestic RD status of mass spectrograph and their applications,the strategy and effective means to promote mass spectrograph manufacturing are put forward.It suggests making the best use of various possible resources to promote and forging the domestic mass spectrograph production capability.


Spatial query optimization should be the focus of attention in spatial area. Since relational optimizer is unsuitable for dealing with spatial data, spatial systems should have their own cost model and optimizer. In this paper, a spatial query optimization system—FQPro was presented. After the overview of general phrases of spatial query optimization, we put the emphasis on cost model, calculation of predicate costs and plan costs. In particular, we give a detailed introduction of the cost model based on R-tree. Similar to relational systems, FQPro defines a set of formula for predicate costs and predicate selectivity respectively. They are used in G/SQL. On top of these formulas, the idea and algorithm for forming the optimum execution plan is defined. Concluding this paper are some issues that should be the concerns of research on spatial optimization, primarily the cost model and the extensible system architecture. Also, this paper summarizes the challenges and opportunites facing spatial query processing in the end.


ROC experiments generally assume observers to be fully attentive to the task of the experiment and, therefore, that the experiment measures observers' innate ability in performing the task. In a detection task, inattention can cause an observer to overlook signals or signal-like potential false positives in an image. In an ROC experiment that involves a detection task, inattention can either cause an observer to report a strong confidence for signal absent, or cause the observer to report on some other finding less salient than the finding that the observer fails to notice. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of observer inattention on empirical ROC estimates and the appropriateness of the conventional binormal model for fitting such ROC curves. An experiment was designed in which observers were asked to detect a signal of a simple geometric shape and varying contrast in a background of Gaussian noise. The images sometimes also contained other objects of different geometric shapes in locations that did not overlap the signal. Observer inattention was simulated by blocking a quarter of each image from observer view. Results showed that observer inattention caused the empirical ROC curve to decrease, but curve fitting with the binormal model appeared to be equally accurate with and without observer inattention. However, a "proper" ROC model might be more appropriate than the binormal model because the binormal model invariably produced a "hook" near the upper-right corner of the ROC unit square that was not indicated by the empirical operating points. We conclude that observer inattention in a detection task can be evaluated as part of a conventional ROC experiment.


Organizations require the means to navigate Society 5.0. This is a knowledge-intensive society where a sustainable balance must be created for social good through a system that integrates cyberspace and physical space. With significant data, information and insight exchange based on knowledge in people and machines, organizations need to make sense of the notion that knowledge assets are the central structuring elements for sustainable development. By considering the key aspects of knowledge management (KM) in Society 5.0 as they relate to sustainable development, organizations may leverage their KM capability and learning agility to successfully address the unique requirements of the new society, environment and goals for sustainable development. In this research, automated content analysis was applied to identify key KM aspects using the Leximancer software. A total of 252 academic papers were analyzed, identifying 10 themes related to key KM concepts in Society 5.0 as they pertain to sustainability. The KM concepts identified were described and mapped to the sustainability triple bottom line. They comprised three primary and three intersecting dimensions, i.e., the environment (planet), society (people) and economic performance (profit) in the socio-economic, eco-efficiency and socio-environmental domains. The most significant themes included "knowledge", "human", "companies", "information" and "system". Secondary themes included "innovation", "development", "resources", "social" and "change".


In todaypsilas complex SoC designs, verification and debugging are becoming ever more crucial and increasingly time-consuming tasks. The prevalence of embedded memories adds to the difficulty of the problem by exponentially increasing the state-space of the design. In this work, a novel memory model for design debugging is presented. It models memory succinctly by avoiding an explicit representation for each memory bit. The method uses the simulation of the erroneous design to guide the debugging process. This results in a parameterizable formal encoding that grows linearly with the erroneous trace length, significantly reducing the memory requirements of the debugging problem. In addition, the proposed model is extended to handle an arbitrary initial memory configuration, as well as non-cycle accurate output traces where only a final expected memory state is available for comparison. Experiments on industrial designs show a 96% average reduction in memory usage along with a noticeable performance improvement compared to previous work.


In the real space, arrangement for moving the virtual object image. Arrangements, the virtual object image creator, and, when the virtual object image is generated by the virtual object image creator, between the virtual object image generated tangible object, the electrical and / or electronic communication, tangible objects When but moves, so that conversion to the corresponding movement of the generated virtual object image in the real space, including objects of tangible taking a virtual object image creator and electrical and / or electronic communication.


substitute for any other safeguard, but a means of positive and permanent identification in case of disputed identity or loss of identity during hospitalization and throughout life. It may be used in coordination with prevailing technics for establishing identification. Experiments with infants' footprints have proved that they are valuable only psychologically, because they are of no reference value after the first ten days. The many fine wrinkles on the soles of the newborn infant render the patterns indistinct and make it difficult to get all the patterns necessary for a complete classification. There is wide variability in the patterns and the extent to which the sole lines run up the side of the foot and under the toes. Toe and fingerprints have proved to be impracticable because of the difficulty in securing perfect rolled prints of all ten tiny digits for classifying by the standard method. These deductions eliminate all areas except the palms on which the characteristics of the palmar papillary ridges make identifications by palm prints possible. In his manual on palm printing, Dr. Pond says:


Attitudes toward individuals with disabilities have been one of the most important and focal topics in disability studies. However, most studies have either treated disability in a broad sense without distinguishing disability type or have been limited to one specific disability type. Drawing upon a social distance scale, the study was designed to examine undergraduate students' perceptions toward 10 different disability types and across a range of social contexts. Utilizing intergroup contact theory, an analysis was performed to determine how these responses were affected by contact experience with persons with disability. Results show that contact experience was statistically significant for six of 10 disability types. Specifically, across all disabilities, regular contact was related to decreased social distance, with the notable exception of autism. Attendant conclusions about stigma hierarchies and implications for research and practice are discussed.


As an important part of practical teaching,experiment instruction plays an essential role in de- veloping students' skills,innovative abilities as well as other basic capabilities.Based on the KUST model,this paper proposes that quality control be conducted on three levels-"the Experiment Instruction Norms","Exper- iment Course Quality"and"Special Course Experiment Quality".Thus,an evaluation system of three-level- evaluation is constructed,and on the basis of which the campus-wide evaluation for experiment instruction has been implemented.It proves that with the assurance of the quality control and the support of evaluation systems, the experiment instruction quality is greatly improved.


Purpose. There is no consensus on the number of levels that may be treated in a single kyphoplasty session; some authorities suggest up to four vertebrae while others have augmented more levels in one session. The purpose of this study is to define the optimal number of vertebrae that may be treated on a single operative session in a safe manner. Methods. We retrospectively studied the patients that underwent kyphoplasty during a 7-year period (20102016) from a single surgeon. 70 consecutive patients were identified (mean 65 years). Overall 224 vertebrae were cemented in 82 operative sessions. Perioperative complications, 10-day morbidity, pain and kyphotic angle were analyzed. We used Stata version 9.1 for statistical analysis. Results. Three serious (life threatening or lethal) adverse events were encountered during the 10-day perioperative period, related with multilevel prolonged operations (more than 4 levels) (p<0.001). The only other factor that was marginally correlated was the presence of vertebrae plana (p: 0.06). Cement leak was observed in 44% (leakage per session not per vertebrae), correlating with the number of augmented levels (23.3% in 1-2 levels, 51.5% in 3 and 64.7% with more levels, odds ratio 2.53, p=0.005). Pain improved from 8.2 points to 4.4 points postoperatively (p<0.001) and kyphotic angle from 22.9 degrees to 20.8 degrees (p<0.001). Conclusion. Up to 4 levels may be safely treated with kyphoplasty in one session. Augmentation of more vertebrae especially in debilitating patients suffering from pathologic fractures leads to more cement leakage and may predispose to major complications.


PURPOSE: A wastewater treatment apparatus is provided to supply a part of the ozone used in dissolved ozone floating treatment to a membrane module to use the ozone with strong oxidizing power to remove the contaminated substances sticking to the membrane module, thereby efficiently reducing the membrane contamination of the membrane module and decreasing the treatment costs of dissolved ozone and ozone generated by reusing the dissolved ozone wasted after treating the dissolved ozone floating treatment and washing a membrane module. CONSTITUTION: A wastewater treatment apparatus(10) comprises an anaerobic tank(11), an anoxic chamber(12), an aeration tank(13), a membrane module(20), a suction pump(29), a mixing tank(14) condensation tanks(15,16), a floatation tank(17), an ozone supply unit, a treatment tank(18) and a collecting pipe(36). The waste water flowed into the anaerobic tank is purified by successively passing through the anoxic chamber, the aeration tank, the membrane module, the suction pump, the mixing tank, the condensation tanks and the floatation tank and flowed in the treatment tank, and discharged to the outside. The membrane module is installed inside the aeration tank in order to filter the contaminated particles in the wastewater. The suction pump is installed on a membrane filtration transfer pipe connected to the membrane module to supply suction power to the membrane module. The membrane filtered water flowing in the membrane filtration transfer pipe after passing through the membrane module is flowed in to the mixing tank. The ozone supply unit supplies ozone through a fine bubbling device installed in the floatation tank to the membrane filtered water in the floatation tank. The collecting pipe connects the floatation tank and the treatment tank to the treated water treated in the floatation tank to be transferred to the treatment tank and has multiple inlet ports for the inflow of the treated water.


Glioma is the most common neoplasm in brain, which is commonly considered as the tumor tissues with high radioresistance. There have been enhanced research activities in recent years to explore molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by ionization radiations, and many researchers have focused their efforts on the radioresistance mechanisms of glioma cells, in an attempt to look for the resistance genes, which could be reverted, to imporve radiosensitivity of tumor cells and the therapeutic efficacy. The paper gives a review on progresses of the studies on the gene and enzyme related to the radioresistance of glioma, and the external environment and other issues about reversion of the radioresistance.


The Common Criteria evaluation and certification is one of the most commonly used process to improve the trust in the security of evaluated products. Nevertheless this methodology has a lot of problems and side-effects that lead to limitations of which the enduser should be aware. The aim of this paper is to develop some of these limits.


The research of metaphor has gone through two historical leaps throughout its whole process of development:the first leap is transforming from classical theories to contemporary theory of metaphor;the second is from contemporary theory of metaphor to multimodal metaphor.Forceville is the main representative of the study on multimodal metaphor and his papers Multimodal Metaphor published in 2009 collect all the latest researche results at abroad.Then an introduction is given to the relevant concepts and terms of multimodal metaphor,followed by the exploration for the causes of its emergence and the analysis of its distinct characteristics,as well as the summary of relevant research results at home and abroad.All the above study is beneficial to the full understanding of this new theory,and thus provides solid foundation for deep research.


The invention relates to a tracking-type stereo display device. The device comprises: a head tracking module, an image processing module and a stereo display module, wherein the head tracking module is used to acquire space position information of a viewer; the image processing module is used to process a stereo parallax image according to the head tracking module or the obtained space position information of the viewer; the stereo display module is used to display the stereo parallax image processed by the image processing module so that the viewer of the current position can see the stereo image. The invention also relates to a display method of the tracking-type stereo display device. By using the stereo display device and the display method thereof, a plurality of viewers of the different positions can acquire optimal stereo vision experiences.


Ready Made Garments (RMG) has become the largest export earning sector of Bangladesh economy where there are as many as 6,000 factories, and the sector is employing over four million people, of which 80 percent workers are women. Thus, RMG industry is considered as the backbone of the country's economy, especially in terms of employment and export earnings. This analysis is based on a primary survey of 120 garment workers located at Ashulia in the suburb of Dhaka city. It was found that garment workers were working on an average 10.38 hours a day, but they received an average income less than 8,000 taka (equivalent to US$ 103) per month. Findings also suggest that most garment workers lead a life characterized by misery and deprivation, along with a gloomy future. Thus, the standard of living of garment workers appears to be in precarious condition and very few have been able to come out of the vicious circle of poverty.