What is the legacy of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia, and how does it shape Mongolia today? Will Christianity eclipse Buddhism in the hearts of modern Mongolians? How has communism impacted traditional Mongolian beliefs? All of these questions will be addressed in this paper, which seeks to examine the interactions between Tibetan Buddhism and other traditions in Mongolia, with an eye toward both demographics and growth. Historically, Mongolia has had strong traditions in both Shamanism and Buddhism, and a consistent population of Kazakh Muslims. During its communist years, however, Mongolia experienced a period of religious restriction. As the majority religion, Tibetan Buddhism was perhaps most devastated by communist repression. Today, the religious landscape in Mongolia may be changing. In 1990, Mongolia experienced a peaceful shift from communism to democracy, and a shift in religious tendencies as well. As Mongolia becomes more open to "the west", Christian organizations proliferate where Buddhism lies dormant, and Christianity continues to spread in Mongolia through a vigorous campaign of proselytizing to the poor. Looking backwards, although Tibetan Buddhism has historically been the religion of the majority in Mongolia, multiple religious practices, including Nestorian Christianity, have had a strong presence there. Chingis Khan himself was (perhaps surprisingly) known for his religious tolerance. The heritage of this religious tolerance may still be felt in today's Mongolian society, as religious practice by members of different creeds seems to be steadily increasing.

Using both Mongolian and Western sources, my colleague and I will give a brief historical overview of religion in Mongolia, discussing the impact of communism on mainstream Buddhism and Shamanism in Mongolia. We will also examine post-democratic religious developments in Mongolia (including the results of Christian proselytizing) and present our prognosis for future religious developments in Mongolia. We hope to be able to render a complete yet detailed portrait of the interactions of the historical and contemporary Mongolian religious traditions.


Background: Interest in water chemical activity, its content, and its impact on human health has greatly increased throughout the last decade. Some studies suggest that drinking water with high hardness may have preventative effects on cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the association between drinking water hardness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods: The study selection process was designed to find the association between drinking water hardness and CVDs mortality. The search included both qualitative and quantitative research and was performed in three databases: Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), PubMed (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA), and Scopus (Elsevier, RELX Group plc, London, UK). The project was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number: CRD42020213102. Results: Seventeen studies out of a total of twenty-five studies qualitatively analyzed indicated a significant relation between total water hardness and protection from CVD mortality. The quantitative analysis concluded that high drinking water hardness has a significantly lowering effect on mortality from CVDs, however, the heterogeneity was high. Conclusions: This systematic literature review shows that total water hardness could affect CVD prevention and mortality. Due to the many confounding factors in the studies, more research is needed.


This report describes the efforts to develop a suite of microanalysis techniques that can rapidly measure a variety of polymer properties of industrial importance, including thermal, photo-oxidative, and color stability; as well as ductility, viscosity, and mechanical and antistatic properties. Additional goals of the project were to direct the development of these techniques toward simultaneous measurements of multiple polymer samples of small size in real time using non-destructive and/or parallel or rapid sequential measurements, to develop microcompounding techniques for preparing polymers with additives, and to demonstrate that samples prepared in the microcompounder could be analyzed directly or used in rapid off-line measurements. These enabling technologies are the crucial precursors to the development of high-throughput screening (HTS) methodologies for the polymer additives industry whereby the rate of development of new additives and polymer formulations can be greatly accelerated.


Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from soil by enrichment culture technique using anaerobically digested molasses spent wash (ADMSW), which was obtained from a biomethanation plant. The bacterial isolates could grow in 25% (v/v) ADMSW medium supplemented with 2% carbon, 4% moong bean sprouts (w/v) and 0.15% diammonium phosphate. Due to fermentation, there was reduction of COD by 41% and colour by 57% in the effluent. During the bioremediation process, lactic acid with an average yield of 15.4 gL - 1 was obtained as a byproduct.


The immature females of twelve species of Ceroplastinae (wax scale insects) were described and compared, macro and microscopically, with the purpose of contributing to the understanding the groups of the species of this subfamily, whose generic status is controversial. The morphology of the immatures, although little studied and not yet used in the phylogenetic studies of this subfamily, was very important for the grouping of the studied species. Nymphs of the first and second instars varied widely in relation to the wax test and the stigmatic setae, separating the species studied in three main groups: I) C. cirripediformis Comstock, 1881, C. floridensis Comstock, 1881, C. formicarius Hempel, 1900, C. grandis Hempel, 1900, C. mosquerai Ben-Dov, 1993 and C. rusci (Linnaeus, 1758), with dry wax filaments and with cylindrical or slightly conical and conical stigmatic setae with rounded apex in the first instar and setae totally conical in the second instar; II) C. formosus Hempel, 1900, C. janeirensis (Gray, 1828) and C. lucidus Hempel, 1900 with a shell of wax glassy and absence of lateral expansions or dry filaments and with stigmatic setae cylindrical with rounded apex and wider than the base, in the two first instars, and III) C. diospyros Hempel, 1928, C. flosculoides Matile-Ferrero, 1993 and C. iheringi Cockerell, 1895 with intermediate characteristics in waxy covering and setae with pentagonal or irregular shapes. The pattern of wax test observed for the group I, previously mentioned for other authors, was the most frequent among the studied species and better distributed in the world, being probably the most common pattern in Ceroplastinae. The patterns of wax cover observed for Groups II and III are here described for the first time for the immature females of Ceroplastinae. The group II is probably restricted to the Neotropical region, and the group III, including Neotropical species, probably has representative species in the Afrotropical region.%%%%Femeas imaturas de doze especies de Ceroplastinae (cochonilhas cerosas) foram descritas e comparadas, macro e microscopicamente, com a finalidade de contribuir para o entendimento dos agrupamentos de especies desta subfamilia, cujo status generico e controverso. A morfologia dos imaturos, apesar de pouco estudada e, ainda nao ter sido utilizada em estudos filogeneticos desta subfamilia, foi muito importante para agrupar as especies estudadas. As ninfas de primeiro e segundo instares diferem em relacao a cobertura cerosa e setas estigmaticas, reunindo as especies estudadas em tres grupos principais: I) C. cirripediformis Comstock, 1881, C. floridensis Comstock, 1881, C. formicarius Hempel, 1900, C. grandis Hempel, 1900, C. mosquerai Ben-Dov, 1993 e C. rusci (Linnaeus, 1758), com filamentos de cera seca e com setas estigmaticas cilindricas ou levemente conicas e conicas com apice arredondado, no primeiro instar, e setas totalmente conicas, no segundo instar; II) C. formosus Hempel, 1900, C. janeirensis (Gray, 1828) e C. lucidus Hempel, 1900, com uma carapaca de cera…


A 76-year-old woman with an inferior wall myocardial infarction, with right ventricular involvement, developed severe arterial hypoxemia with neurological involvement. Pulmonary edema or embolism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were ruled-out, and a right-to-left shunt was demonstrated by contrast echocardiography at the level of the foramen ovale. After inotropic support and oxygen supplementation, the patient recovered, although with significant neurological sequelae. No focal lesions were detected in the central nervous system by computerized tomography. Hypoxemia improved, coinciding with the disappearance of right-to-left shunt by contrast echocardiography.


Consider the following scenario: Ms. Murphy teaches a third grade class of 25 students. The school district has adopted a basal reader series that she is required to use. She has organized her class in three reading groups, the least capable, average, and most capable readers. Ms. Murphy writes separate daily lesson plans for each reading group and places this schedule on the chalkboard (Figure 1). She has intro duced a reading kit and some games, but all her lessons center around the basal reader?the heart of each lesson consists of reading and dis cussing a basal story or participating in a related skill development activity. Although the specifics may vary, the structure of Ms. Murphy's reading class is typical of countless elementary


(57) ABSTRACT The present invention relates to a solar panel condenser apparatus which includes an optical condenser and a pho tovoltaic cell mounted substantially parallel to the optical condenser and placed about midway between the optical condenser and the focus of the optical condenser. The optical condenser can increase the effective area of the photovoltaic cell and increase the output power of existing photovoltaic cells by a factor of from about 2 to 4.


Objective: To synthesize two metabolites of pinocembrin,5-hydroxy-flavanone-7-O-sodium sulphonate and 5-hydroxy-flavanone-7-O-β-D-glucuronic acid.Methods: Starting from pinocembrin,5-hydroxy-flavanone-7-O-sodium sulphonate was synthesized by sulfonating with chlorosulfonic acid using pyridine as the solvent and catalyst.5-Hydroxy-flavanone-7-O-β-D-glucuronic acid was also synthesized from pinocembrin by acetyl protection,selective deprotection,glycosidation with methyl(tri-O-acetyl-α-D-gluco-pyranosyl bromide)-urinate and removal of the protection groups.Results: The structures of the two objective compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR and MS,and their purities were over 98% as determined by HPLC.Conclusion: Two metabolites of pinocembrin,5-hydroxy-flavanone-7-O-β-D-glucuronic acid and 5-hydroxy-flavanone-7-O-sodium sulphonate,were synthesized for the first time,and they can be used as the reference substances in the metabolic studies of pinocembrin in vivo.


Atopic allergy implies a familial tendency to manifest alone or in combination such as asthma, rhinitis, urticaria and atopic dermatitis. The patient with atopic dermatitis shows a variety of humoral and cell-mediated immune dysfunction, including an elevation of serum IgE level, multiple positive immediate skin tests to a variety of antigen. A 30 year old female patient suffering from an atopic dermatitis on face, has been administered a stellate ganglion block(SGB) with a 1% mepivacaine 5cc. She complained of bronchial hyperresponsivness such as cough, soreness, and inspiration difficulty for 5 days following the treatment, so we have reduced 1% mepivacaine dose from 5cc to 3cc. She had no complain of bronchial hyperresponsivenss and the lesion of atopic dermatitis was improved. From our result we conclude that SGB appears to be a good choice for the treatment of the atopic dermatitis and only 1% mepivacaine 3cc is possible in complete SGB.


The extra-cellular enzyme activity of Penicillium waksmanii F10-2 was determined using chinaberry bark residues as substrate at different times.The ultra-structure and chemical constituents of the residues before and after fermentation were also compared by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR).The results show that fermentation of P.waksmanii F10-2 utilizes methyl cellulose as substrate.After 8~16 days of fermentation,the maximum activities of cellulase,hemi-cellulase,lignin peroxidase and Mn-depended peroxidase are 6.42 U·g-1,7.62 U·g-1,6.55 U·g-1 and 3.33 U·g-1,respectively.The ultra-structure of degraded chinaberry bark residues is soft and loose with some micro-pores.FTIR spectrum analysis of the residues shows that P.waksmanii fermentation products degrade components of chinaberry bark residues.After fermentation for 24 d,the ratios of degradation of cellulose,hemi-cellulose and lignin in residues are 42.70%,33.96% and 24.62%,respectively.


This study entitled The Effect of Motivation and Work Environment on Employee  Performance at the Environmental Service of Musi Rawas Regency. The objectives to be  achieved in this study were to determine the effect of motivation and work environment  on employee performance at the Environmental Service of Musi Rawas Regency. The population in this study were all employees who worked in the  nvironmental Office of  Musi Rawas Regency, totaling 51 people. Data collection techniques in writing this use  observation, documentation and questionnaire. The analysis technique uses simple  regression analysis, correlation test, t test, multiple linear regression, determination test, and f test. Based on the analysis and discussion it can be concluded that 1) there is  the effect of motivation on employee performance at the Environmental Service of Musi  Rawas Regency, where the results of simple linear regression Y = 56,430 + 0,492  Motivation, correlation coefficient value of R=0,434 and t-test value of t = 3,370 > t  table = 2,009. 2) There is an Influence of the Work Environment on Employee  Performance in the Environmental Service of Musi Rawas Regency. which obtained the  results of a simple linear regression test Y = 55,980 + 0,431 Work Environment, the  correlation coefficient value of R=0.522 and t-test value of t count = 4,288 > t table =  2.009. 3) There is a Motivation and Work Environment Effect on Employee  Performance at the Musi Rawas District Environmental Service, where the results of  multiple linear regression Y = 41,828 + 0,318 X 1 + 0,346 X 2 , the determination  coefficient value R 2 =0,584 and the Fcount obtained is =12,400>Ftable=3,19. Keywords: Motivation, Work Environment, Performance


Abstract This paper proposes consistent testing methods for examining the effect of a policy treatment on the whole distribution of a response outcome within the setting of a regression discontinuity design. These methods are particularly useful when a policy is expected to produce treatment effects that are heterogeneous along some unobserved characteristics. The test statistics are Kolmogorov-Smirnov-type and are asymptotically distribution free when the data are i.i.d. The proposed tests are applied to three seminal RD studies (Pop-Eleches & Urquiola, 2013; Abdulkadiroglu, Angrist, & Pathak, 2014; and Battistin et al., 2009).


As increasingly younger children exhibit spiraling social behavior problems, researchers are focusing on the role of family dynamics in these problems. For this study, investigators explored the relationship between problem-solving skills and verbal comprehension in children from distressed families. Twenty-nine children, ages 4 to 8, completed the Preschool Interpersonal Problem Solving (PIPS) Test, the Peabody Picture Vccabulary Test--Revised (PPVT-R), and provided solutions to a contrived problem. Results indicate that children from homes with distressed and abusive parents, exhibit a strong, positive relationship between verbal comprehension and the ability to generate solutions to interpersonal problems. However, verbal comprehension did not affect either the quality of children's responses or their actual behavioral choices in a real-life problem situation. It seems that verbal comprehension is related to children's ability to verbally generate solutions to interpersonal problems, but verbal comprehension does not appear to mediate the quality of their solutions. Furthermore, when challenged with a peer problem involving a desired object, older and younger children are equally likely to choose an aggressive solution. These findings suggest that intervention strategies for behavior problems in elementary-school-age children should first consider building their verbal comprehension. (RJM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


reported by Bassett et al. (1939). On the other hand, the results show that once vitamin D was made available the excess of fat in the facces did not prevent calcium absorption by soap formation. There may be two reasons for this: first, soap formation possibly does not occur until the calcium and fatty acids come together in the colon (Ingelfinger, 1943); secondly, calcium soaps can he utilized, though poorly (Boyd et al., 1932). Progress Note.-Ten weeks after the conclusion of the experiment blood calcium and phosphate values had risen to normal with continued parenteral vitamin D therapy, but the phosphatase remained high (see Fig.).


: In this study, we demonstrate the accuracy of technologies application in the acquisition of earth surface data for detail analysis and monitoring in slopes degraded by water erosion. We applied the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK - GPS) on Trindade Island Such methods perimeter to generate topographic products that enable a spatial and temporal analysis of dangerous erosive processes in the island's occupied region. The results showed that the study area presents an intense linear erosion conditioned by the action of surface runoff, occurring from erosions in the initial stage, in the highest portions of the slopes, to deep linear erosions in the downstream portions near the occupation. The techniques applied also explain the critical areas that must be preserved and remedied.


In this work, based on a comprehensive analysis of the optical absorption spectra obtained by spectrophotometry in the visible region, the change in the stability of asphaltenes isolated from wax deposits of emulsions with different water contents were studied. Asphaltenes of oil-water emulsion wax deposit with a small water content are characterized by maximum values of the light absorption coefficient. Asphaltenes which characterized by maximum values of the coefficient of light absorption and more capable of aggregation form wax deposit of 10 and 30 % of water-oil emulsions. A further increase in the water content in the emulsion to 50 and 70 % leads to the fact that the values of the light absorption coefficient are reduced, i.e. wax deposit form more stable asphaltenes. The least stable asphaltenes contain a highly aromatic polar fraction, are characterized by high molecular weights and precipitate from emulsions with a small water content and minimal average droplet sizes.


The relaxor behavior of lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ferroelectric ceramics, for a La/Zr/Ti ratio of x/60/40, has been analyzed. An approximation to the dynamical behavior of the polar nano-regions (PNRs) has been discussed, taking into account a relaxation model, which considers a distribution function for the relaxation times. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental results was obtained. The behaviors of the mean relaxation time and its standard deviation with temperature were discussed, considering the correlation between the polar nano-regions and the freezing temperature. The temperature dependence of the polarization showed an anomalous behavior around a temperature, which was associated with the freezing temperature, according to the proposed model in the present work.


Submitted for the DPP06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Comparison of conditional averaging and super-resolution method DIETMAR BLOCK, IULIAN TELIBAN, ALEXANDER PIEL, IEAP, University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40-60, 24098 Kiel, Germany — Conditional averaging and cross-correlation analysis allow in-depth study of plasma turbulence with just two probe tips. Two-dimensional probe arrays are now employed to provide spatial-temporal resolution at plasma turbulence. Increasing the spatial resolution of probe arrays to those of two probe techniques is difficult to achieve. Typically, there is at least a factor of four less resolution in space for probe arrays. Recently, we introduced a super-resolution method to numerically enhance the spatial resolution of probe arrays by transfering information from time to space domain [1]. This allows us to compare two point techniques with spatial-temporal measurements directly. Here, we will use experimental data to discuss the prospects and limitations of two probe methods [2] in detail. [1] I. Teliban, D. Block, A. Piel, and V. Naulin, PPCF 48 (2006). [2] D. Block, I. Teliban, F. Greiner, and A. Piel, Phys. Scripta T122 (2006). Dietmar Block IEAP, University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40-60, 24098 Kiel, Germany Date submitted: 22 Jul 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


Plenty of literature exists on research and findings relating to changes in the performance characteristics of conventional fuels concerning their oxidation (ageing) processes. These processes affect a majority of the functional properties of fuels and cause them in many cases to exceed the values stated in applicable standards. However, the proper fuel storage time, that is, duration of the effect of many different factors on the process kinetics of low-temper‐ ature oxidation of fuels, is yet not clearly defined. The process kinetics is affected by a number of factors (including random ones), namely the following: • fractional composition of fuels; • structural-group composition; • volume; • surface area of the fuel mirror; • free volume over the fuel mirror; • type of tank; • type of tank roof; • tank foundation; • type of tank layer material in contact with fuel; • multiplicity of warehouse operations; • tank breathing system;


During its operation, a photovoltaic system may encounter many practical issues such as receiving uniform or non-uniform irradiance caused mainly by partial shading. Under uniform irradiance a photovoltaic panel has a single maximum power point. Conversely under non-uniform irradiance, a photovoltaic panel has several local maximum power points and a single global maximum power point. To maximize energy production, a maximum power point tracker algorithm is commonly implemented to achieve the maximum power operating point of the photovoltaic panel. However, the performance of the algorithm will depend on operating conditions such as variation in irradiance. Presently, most of existing maximum power point tracker algorithms work only in a single condition: either uniform or non-uniform irradiance. This paper proposes a new maximum power point tracker algorithm for photovoltaic power generation that is designed to work under uniform and partial shading irradiance conditions. Additionally, the proposed maximum power point tracker algorithm aims to provide: (1) a simple math algorithm to reduce computational load, (2) fast tracking by evaluating progress for every single executed duty cycle, (3) without random steps to prevent jumping duty cycle, and (4) smooth variable steps to increase accuracy. The performances of the proposed algorithm are evaluated by three conditions of uniform and partial shading irradiance where a targeted maximum power point is located: (1) far from, (2) near, and (3) laid between initial positions of particles. The simulation shows that the proposed algorithm successfully tracks the maximum power point by resulting in similar power values in those three conditions. The proposed algorithm could handle the partial shading condition by avoiding the local maxima power point and finding the global maxima power point. Comparisons of the proposed algorithm and other well-known algorithms such as differential evolution, firefly, particle swarm optimization, and grey wolf optimization are provided to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm. The results show the proposed algorithm has better performance by providing faster tracking, faster settling time, higher accuracy, minimum oscillation and jumping duty cycle, and higher energy harvesting.


OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatments (HAART) has allowed HIV-positive individuals to live longer in recent years. This has resulted in a higher incidence of mortalities occurring in these individuals due to cardiovascular pathologies, as opposed to deaths due to HIV. Even with long-term HAART, persons living with HIV (PLWHIV) still exhibit inflammation, which is associated with deleterious cardiovascular outcomes. PLWHIV on HAART have a higher prevalence of hypertension, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Moreover, chronic inflammation has been shown to be related to the translocation of microbes and endotoxins across the gastrointestinal tract. Such microbial translocation (MT) is increased in individuals with digestive disorders and their associated symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea). This study aims to explore the pathologies common to both MT-induced inflammation and cardiovascular symptoms by examining the associations between gastrointestinal symptoms and hypertension in PLWHIV on HAART. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The sample included 351 PLWHIV on HAART. Pre-existing de-identified data were analyzed. Sample demographics included 56.98 % African Americans, 41.31% Caucasians, ages 20–66 years (mean age=43.65years), 21% female, 89% male, HIV viral load, CD4 counts. Self-reported data from the Symptom Co-Morbidity Questionnaire and Socio-demographic questionnaire were analyzed with SPSS v.24. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 86 PLWHIV (24.50%) stated that they have hypertension; 39 subjects (45.3%) reported having diarrhea, 30 subjects (34.8%) reported nausea, and 12 (13.9%) reported constipation and vomiting. Among ethnicities with hypertension and gastrointestinal symptoms, African Americans compared with Caucasians had a higher percentage of diarrhea (28% vs. 17%), nausea (21% vs. 11%), constipation (11% vs. 2%), and vomiting (8% vs. 5%). Women compared with men reported a higher percentage of nausea (28% vs. 24%) and constipation (8% vs. 6%). Men compared with women reported a higher percentage of diarrhea (38% vs. 7%) and vomiting (8% vs. 5%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These data support the need for targeted screening to include both blood pressure and associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Further studies supporting these results may assist practitioners to target treatments that may prevent cardiovascular comorbidities.


list of models used by EPA in water, health, air, climate change, land waste water management, research, ecosystems, pesticides and multimedia.


Abstract Although the topic of forgiveness has been studied extensively among adults, little is known about the factors that are associated with children's forgiveness. The current research addressed the question whether a child's social status in the classroom is related to the tendency to forgive offending peers. We particularly focused on two types of status: preference and popularity. We ran one study with two samples among 9–13 year-old children (n = 577) who completed a sociometric instrument and a self-reported forgiveness measure. We found some initial support that preference, but not popularity, is positively associated with forgiveness, even after accounting for transgression-specific characteristics, such as friendship bond with the offender and perceived offense severity. We discuss the theoretical implications among these findings for both understanding children's forgiveness, and the differential role of preference and popularity as social status indicators.


The injection and production parameters in steam flooding included steam injection temperature, quality, pressure, velocity, production injection ratio and flowing bottomhole pressure in production wells. The result of steam flooding was the effect of injection and production parameters, and the influencing mechanism was quite complex. Conventional single factor method can be used to study each factor influencing steam flooding when the factor was changed singly, but there existed obvious defects for multi-parameter problems. Orthogonal test was an effective method to resolve multi-factor problems. By determining the levels of value of injection-production parameters and getting a few combined projects by orthogonal table, numerical tests of these projects were carried out. The evaluation indicator was comprehensively considered and economic factors were defined to appraise steam flooding numerical test. It shows that the optimal combination of parameters determined by visual analysis method can achieve the optimal steam flooding effect. The significant order of parameters from variance analysis method is listed, flowing bottomhole pressure in production well steam injection quality production injection ratio steam injection volume steam injection temperature steam injection pressure. The results of orthogonal numerical test can provide a theoretical guidance for injection and production parameter analysis optimization of steam flooding in the field, and also have some practical significance.


Ten women who had had the idiopathic nephrotie syndrome but who had been in remission [rom 8 months to 19 years (mean 8.42 years) prior to the onset of pregnancy were studied during pregnancy. Seven o[ ten had no problems pertaining to their previous renal disease. One patient had an overt relapse o[ the nephrotie syndrome, another had aggravation o[ proteinuria only, and another developed mild azotemia with aggravation o[ proteinuria. A total o[ 18 pregnancies were observed; o[ these 17 resulted in the births o[ live newborn babies. Only one in[ant had a congenital mal[ormation. It is suggested that pregnancy in patients who are in remission o[ the nephrotic syndrome usually does not lead to reactivation o[ the nephrotic syndrome in the mother and probably does not carry an increased risk o[ [etal illness and death.


Objective To investigate the characteristic imaging findings of metastatic neuroblastoma in the craniofacial bone in children. Methods Imaging findings in 12 patients with metastatic neuroblastoma in the craniofacial bone were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 10 patients underwent plain CT scan, 6 underwent MRI and 7 underwent whole body single-photon emission computed tomography bone scanning.Results In the 10 patients with CT images, lytic bone destruction and soft tissue masses were found in 9 cases, in which periosteal reaction was observed in 8 patients with spiculated periosteal reaction in 3 patients.The remaining 1 patient didn't show any abnormalities on CT images but had abnormal findings in bone scanning.Six patients with MR images showed abnormal signal intensity in the bone marrow of the craniofacial bone and adjacent soft tissue masses. Postcontrast T1-weighted imaging in 5 patients demonstrated remarkable enhancement of the bone marrow and soft tissue masses. Bone scanning of 7 patients showed abnormal foci of increased radionuclide activity of the craniofacial bone in 7 patients and metastasis at other body parts in 6 patients.Conclusion The metastatic neuroblastoma in the craniofacial bone has its characteristic imaging findings which are helpful for correct diagnosis.

Key words:
Neuroblastoma; Head and neck neoplasms; Diagnostic imaging; Child; Neoplasm metastasis


It is significant to establish national electric power supply and demand simulation system. This paper aims at studying the architecture of the simulation system from three respects: software structure, database platform and system functional module. Firstly, in the case of software structure, the simulation system is designed to be based on the mixed pattern of B/S (browser/server) and C/S (client/server), and its structure is a multilayer distributed structure, including presentation layer, Web service layer, application service layer and data service layer; secondly, the database platform of the simulation system is classified into business database, achievement database and multimedia database; thirdly, concerning system functional module, the system consists of five modules: current situation analysis of power supply and demand, forecast of power supply and demand, early warning the imbalance of power supply and demand, important relationship of power supply and demand, and policy simulation.


Abstract Using anecdotal and statistical evidence, this article concludes that nearly half the troops disembarked in Ulster in mid-August 1689 by the Duke of Schomberg died of 'flux' and 'fever' by the following Christmas. This estimate includes those who died in the camp at Dundalk, the field hospital at Carlingford, hospital ships, the base hospital at Belfast, and in quarters during the month of December. Contemporary eyewitness accounts and civilian records point to dysentery and typhus as the main 'flux' and 'fever' respectively. The article demonstrates the ineffectuality of medical advice based on contemporary miasmic theory in keeping large bodies of soldiers healthy, if they stayed encamped in the same place too long. The reasons why Schomberg chose to stand fast are explored. These include his personal experiences, the logistical constraints on movement, the strategic imperative to move, and the tactical difficulties of so doing.


GPUs have found wide acceptance in domains such as high-performance computing and autonomous vehicles, which require fast processing of large amounts of data along with provisions for reliability, availability, and safety. A key component of these dependability characteristics is the propagation of errors and their eventual effect on system outputs. In addition to analytical and simulation models, fault injection is an important technique that can evaluate the effect of errors on a complete computing system running the full software stack. However, the complexity of modern GPU systems and workloads challenges existing fault injection tools. Some tools require the recompilation of source code that may not be available, struggle to handle dynamic libraries, lack support for modern GPUs, or add unacceptable performance overheads. We introduce the NVBitFI tool for fault injection into GPU programs. In contrast with existing tools, NVBitFI performs instrumentation of code dynamically and selectively to instrument the minimal set of target dynamic kernels; as it requires no access to source code, NVBitFI provides improvements in performance and usability. The NVBitFI tool is publicly available for download and use at https://github.com/NVlabs/nvbitfi.


Objective To report a case of endoscopic surgery of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma(JNA)involving the middle cranial fossa,review and summarize the existing surgical approaches.MethodsThe clinical features and therapeutic methods of a case of JNA involving the middle cranial fossa were summarized,and characteristics of different surgical approaches were reviewed.ResultsThe tumor was successfully excised by endoscopic surgery with active preoperative preparation and the patient was free of residual tumor or recurrence and complication after a follow-up period of 12 months.ConclusionAs for JNA with involvment of skull base bone and middle cranial fossa,the endoscopic surgery is effective on the premise of sufficient preoperative preparation.


Schools function as a primary driver of integration and as a link to resources and assets that promote healthy development. Nevertheless, most research studies on school-based programs are conducted on mainstream students, and school professionals looking to deliver interventions serving refugee students are forced to choose between evidence-based programs designed for the mainstream and developing new programs in the cultural framework of their students. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a summary of recent research on successful, evidence-based programs as well as promising interventions and practice recommendations in five core practice areas in schools: school leadership and culture, teaching, mental health, after-school programming, and school-parent-community partnerships. These findings are presented drawing from theoretical frameworks of ecological systems, social capital, segmented assimilation, resilience, and trauma, and describe how such theories may be used to inform programs serving refugee children and youth. Additionally, this review describes the core components of successful programs across these practice areas to inform researchers and practitioners as they select and develop programs in their own school communities. Finally, this review concludes with a discussion of human rights in the education of refugee children and youth.


We introduce a pollution permits market in a general oligopoly equilibrium model. Specifically, we consider a two-commodity economy with one productive sector. The first commodity is inelastically supplied by a set of competitive traders. The second commodity is produced by a set of strategic traders, using the first commodity as an input. The production of the second commodity is a polluting activity. Introducing a competitive emissions permits market solves the pollution control problem but is not sufficient to eliminate market distortions and to reach a Pareto optimal allocation. We study the conditions under which a subsidy to the strategic agents, financed by a tax on the competitive agents, is welfare increasing.


Fusing a low-resolution hyperspectral (HS) image with the corresponding high-resolution multispectral image to obtain a high-resolution HS image is an important technique for capturing comprehensive scene information in both the spatial and spectral domains. Existing approaches adopt sparsity promoting strategy and encode the spectral information of each pixel independently, which results in noisy sparse representation. We propose a novel HS image super-resolution method via a self-similarity constrained sparse representation. We explore the similar patch structures across the whole image and the pixels with close appearance in the local regions to create global-structure groups and local-spectral super-pixels. By forcing the similarity of the sparse representations for pixels belonging to the same group and super-pixel, we alleviate the effect of the outliers in the learned sparse coding. Experiment results on benchmark datasets validate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both the quantitative metrics and visual effect.


This research report has been published by the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. It identifies four dimensions of risk of child sexual abuse in institutional settings: situational, vulnerability, propensity and institutional risks. It draws on the existing research to examine how risk factors might operate cumulatively in the context of institutions. It examines to what extent various risk factors are more likely to occur in some institutions or activities than in others.


A Lie algebra L is said to be minimal non supersolvable if all its subalgebras, except L itself, are supersolvable


Covalently bound impurity atoms in crystal lattices can be manipulated via the elastic backscattering of probe electrons from nuclei using the atomically focused electron irradiation of a scanning transmission electron microscope [1]. Early work discovered the atomistic mechanism for manipulation in graphene: out-of-plane dynamics of a carbon atom neighboring an impurity, leading to what can be conceived of as a beam-controlled direct exchange process [2]. Most of the work in this newly emerging area has focused on lattice impurities in single-layer graphene, initially incidental silicon impurities [3,4] but later also phosphorus dopants [5].


On July 15-25 2001 a study tour to Burkina Faso and Mali was organized by the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) European Network (EN) Regional Office and coordinated by the IPPF Africa Region. The delegation consisted of 6 parliamentarians from 5 European countries representatives from several international organizations and a journalist. The delegation was warmly welcomed by various groups working in the fields of AIDS female genital mutilation reproductive health and on income generating activities for women. After the 10-day tour the participants met in Brussels and adopted a resolution that recognizes the challenges faced by the countries of western Africa in terms of sustainable economic social and human development.


Summary

Herbivory was studied in five different forest habitats (two virgin, two selectively felled and one exotic pine plantation) during 13 months by taking eight random samples of 50 living leaves from the forest floor vegetation per month. The leaves were classified in the field as untouched (0% consumed) or heavily damaged (over 25% consumed). The percentage of untouched leaves varied between 40 and 0·5% and of heavily damaged leaves between 25 and 0·2%. No clear seasonality in the amount of herbivory was detected. The exotic pine plantation had significantly fewer untouched leaves than two selectively felled forest sites, which differed significantly from each other in the percentage of heavily damaged leaves. Diurnal invertebrate herbivores from the same sites were collected by sweep netting. No clear correlations between leaf damage and the numbers of invertebrate herbivores were detected.

Resume

On a etudie l'herbivorie dans cinq habitats forestiers differents-deux intacts, deux ou des arbres ont ete selectivement abattus et une plantation de pins exotiquesen recoltant par mois, pendant treize mois, huit echantillons de 50 feuilles vivantes prises au hasard dans la vegetation forestiere. Sur place, les feuilles etaient classees comme intactes (0% consomme) ou fortement abimees (plus de 25% consommes). Le pourcentage de feuilles intactes variait entre 40 et 0,5% et celui des feuilles fortement abimees, de 25 a 0,2%. La variation des pourcentages ne semble pas liee aux differentes saisons. La plantation de pins exotiques avait significativement moins de feuilles intactes que les deux endroits selectivement exploites qui differaient significativement de chacun des deux autres en ce qui concerne le pourcentage de feuilles fortement abimees. On a recolte au moyen d'un filet les invertebres herbivores diurnes sur ces memes sites. On n'a detecte aucune correlation claire entre les dommages causes aux feuilles et le nombre d'invertebres herbivores.


Objective: To summarize clinical expertise on the treatment of dated laceration of facial soft tissues.Methods: 16 patients treated by quick debridment were retrospectively reviewed.Results: All wounds healed with primary intension.Conclusion: Quick debridment is an effective approach in managing old facial injuries.


During shield machine construction, the precise determination of control parameters is particularly important for construction safety. By effectively using construction big data and mining the information in it, accurate construction control parameters with geological adaptability can be obtained in real time. To this end, this study proposes an intelligent online prediction method for screw machine rotation speed of Earth pressure balanced (EPB) shield based on convolutional neural network gated recursive unit (CNN-GRU). Firstly, the construction data is processed with Pearson correlation coefficient, the 10-dimensional data of the current moment is selected as the input variable, and screw machine rotation speed at the next moment is chosen as the output. Next, CNN is used to extract features from the input variables to find a nonlinear relationship between the input and output. Then, in order to construct a complete screw machine rotation speed prediction model, the GRU is used to filter the features to establish a more accurate nonlinear relationship. Finally, the control effect of the method was verified by simulation experiments. The simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately predict the rotation speed of the screw machine online. The traditional control mode in shield tunnel construction can lead to unstable excavation surface due to time lag and inaccuracy. Meanwhile, once the excavation surface is unstable, soil collapse or uplift can lead to construction safety problems, while the the required construction data to the control room at the next moment can be quickly and accurately fed by the online prediction method proposed in this study, thereby effectively avoiding the above construction safety problems and having certain practical application value.


This project investigates novel constructions of error-correcting codes supporting sublinear-time error-detection, sublinear-time error-correction and efficient list-decoding, as well as their applications in the areas of complexity theory and pseudorandomness. The project builds upon several recent successes of the PI, such as the construction of new high rate error-correcting codes allowing, for the first time, sublinear-time error-correction.


Sulphur (S) is one of the most important nutrients for all plants and animals and is considered as the fourth major nutrient after nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium for agricultural crop production. It is involved in chlorophyll formation, activation of enzymes and is a part of vitamins biotin and thiamine. Sulphur exists in soil in both organic and inorganic forms, however the proportion of inorganic to organic sulphur depends on the soil type and depth and management practices. The inorganic forms of sulphur comprising of easily soluble sulphur and adsorbed sulphate are generally believed to be the immediate source of sulphur for plants uptake as reported by Kulhanek et al., (2011).


Poly(ethylene glycol)s, with different molecular weights (4,000–20,000) and a monomethoxy-substituted poly(ethylene glyco) (molecular weight 5,000) have been quantitatively end group functionalized with bromo and amino groups. The bromination was carried out with thionyl bromide in toluene. 1H-NMR was used for the determination of the degree of substitution by monitoring the characteristic signals for the CH2Br protons in relation to the signals from the remaining hydroxyl groups. Under the conditions used, qualitative substitution was obtained after repeating the bromination reaction. The results were in agreement with elemental analysis. The bromo end group could be quantitatively converted into amino groups by reaction in absolute ethanol with excess of ammonia or ethylenediamine. Also in this case, 1H-NMR was used to determine the quantitative substitution by the characteristic signals for the aminomethyl protons and the simultaneous disappearnce of the bromomethyl proton signals. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The aim of this study was to examine factors affecting strengthening community trust among wheat farmers of Shoushtar city. In this study, a questionnaire was used as measurement tool. This study is an applied one based on research purpose and non-experimental research in terms of data collection method. Statistical community of this study includes all wheat farmers of Shoushtar city which their number is equal to 14,000. Sample size was measured 250 people using Cochran formula. Sampling method was random. To determine validity, external validity method was used. Cronbach's alpha values were calculated to determine the reliability of the survey instrument and the reliability of research instrument was approved. Questionnaire of this survey has validity with a total alpha of 0.832. Results achieved showed that level of social trust of 33.9% of respondents were high and 61.7% of respondents have a moderate level of confidence. Generally, level of social trust is in an upward moderate level. In studying actors affecting the social trust of wheat farmers in Shoushtar city, stepwise regression analysis was used. The results showed that five variables of the knowledge of local management (40.2 %), variable of cosmopolitan orientation (13.1 %), history of membership in rural organizations (6.5 %), variable of rates of ground water (1.8 %) and the use of information resources (0.9 %) explained changes related to social trust among wheat farmers. In total, these five variables explain almost 60.6% of social trust variable changes.


The objectives of this work are to (1) demonstrate on a bench-scale the Direct Sulfur Recovery Process (DSRP) for up to 99% or higher recovery of sulfur (as elemental sulfur) from SO{sub 2}-containing regeneration off-gases produced in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generating systems employing hot-gas cleanup and (2) promote DSRP technology transfer to industry. The treatment of SO{sub 2}-containing regeneration off-previously (Gangwal and McMichael, 1991). Technology transfer activities have involved meetings with several industrial organizations, presentations at national scientific conferences, and experiments to evaluate DSRP`s potential for treating various H{sub 2}S-containing gases such as low-quality natural gas (LQNG) and amine regeneration gas. This paper will discuss the results of DSRP experiments with H{sub 2}S-containing gases.


We have read with great interest the remarks "De Jure Naturae et Gentium" by Mr. Alfred P. Rubin of the U. S. Department of Defense. But as these remarks were obviously written with reference to this writer's editorial, "Natural-Law Thinking in the Modern Science of International Law,"


The article is associated with finding out the impression of the Kissan Credit Cards on the socio-economic life of the individuals from the districts of Shopian, Pulwama, Baramulla, Bandipora and Kulgam of the State of Jammu and Kashmir and therefore the character of this credit card is measured in eliminating the financial dependence of the individuals and to ascertain whether have they become autonomous and non-dependable on higher commission granting agents or agencies and whether it had changed the outlook of the unemployed youth of the state, besides measuring the role of these cards in eradicating unemployment and how far they have become self-reliant. The impact of the Kissan credit cards on the socio-economic life of the individuals was studied and a questionnaire with the set of bound questions focusing the goal for studying the research finding was prepared and the result was investigated by means of these questionnaires.


An oil based drill fluid for use as a control agent or rheological modifier. The drill fluid consists of a copolymer of polyalkyl methacrylate and vinyl pyrrolidone, a weighting agent and a base fluid selected from either an oil, invert emulsion, esters, olefins or paraffins. The proportion of the copolymer in the fluid may be in the range 0.5-10 1b/bbl and have an average molecular weight of 200 000 - 450 000 g/mol. The alkyl groups on the polyalkyl methacrylate portion can range from C 1 -C 20 and the amount of vinyl pyrrolidone is preferably less than 15 wt.% of the base fluid. The oil based drill fluid may further include an organophilic clay and a filtration control agent.


Deficiencies in procedural competency compromise patient safety and the quality of care provided. Educators in prelicensure nursing programs are challenged to design effective instruction to develop psychomotor skills abilities among novice learners. Highly contextualized learning and frequent opportunities for performance rehearsal promote knowledge retention and procedural competence. The author discusses data from an evaluation study that explored students' perceptions of the effectiveness of skills instruction and suggests strategies for curricular integration and effective instruction.


Quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements are a precious resource for quantum information processing. Repetitive QND measurements can boost the fidelity of qubit preparation and measurement, even when the underlying single-shot measurements are of low fidelity. However, this fidelity boost is limited by the degree in which the physical system allows for a truly QND process -- slight deviations from ideal QND measurement result in bit flip errors (`quantum jumps') if the measurement is repeated too often. Here, we develop a theoretical framework to understand and quantify the resulting error arising from deviation from perfect QND measurement in model spin qubit systems. We first develop our model on the ubiquitous example of exchange-coupled electron spins qubits tunnel-coupled to a charge reservoir. We then extend it to electron-nuclear spin systems, to illustrate the crucial similarities and differences between the two limits. Applied to the well-understood platform of a donor nuclear spin in silicon, the model shows excellent agreement with experiments. For added generality, we conclude the work by considering the effect of anisotropic spin couplings.


With more emphasis on internet as a primary mechanism for information access and communication, it is highly important that the platform stays safe and secure for anyone who uses it. Online scams and cybercrimes are becoming a common threat to the technology and systems that help mitigate these issues are in high demand. Businesses all over the world invest heavily to stay secure in the cyberspace and rely on security experts in defending their business from online threats. The immense scale of the internet and the dynamicity of the threat it holds forces the adoption of automated threat detection systems. Several cybersecurity use cases exist, but the two use cases discussed here are DGA detection and Malicious URL detection. This paper addresses the drawbacks of previous rulebased and machine learning based detection methods. Here, embedding concepts from NLP is incorporated into cybersecurity use cases to propose a new in house model christened S.P.O.O.F Net, which is a combination of a Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short Term Memory Network. The proposed model is benchmarked with machine learning algorithm incorporating bi-gram feature engineering techniques and also a conventional CNN with character level embedding (same as the one used for S.P.O.O.F Net). It was observed that S.P.O.O.F Net gave better performance over the aforementioned methods with accuracy scores of 98.3% for DGA detections and 99% for malicious URL detection. This work also aims to demonstrate the possibilities of incorporating NLP concepts to cybersecurity use cases and provide future researches a new thinking curve to develop systems in this domain.


Objective. To compare the results of open and minimally invasive surgical procedures for the decompression and stabilization of the lumbar spine stenosis. Materials and methods. We operated 171 patients with instable stenosis of the lumbar spine, using instrumentation. One hundred and thirty-six surgical interventions (OPEN group) were performed using traditional open method with midline incision, detachment of paravertebral muscles from bone structures. In 35 patients (the MAST group), we performed minimally invasive decompression using Medtronic METRx and QUADRANT systems. There were estimated the pain syndrome intensity with NPS, quality of life with OSWESTRY, surgery duration, blood loss, time of staying in hospital, and X-ray loading during operation. Results. Surgery duration was slightly higher than that of the classical operation – 174±79 and 158±77 min in MAST and OPEN, respectively. Blood loss in MAST and OPEN groups was 150±60 and 680±130 ml, respectively. X-ray control during the operation in MAST and OPEN groups was 46 and 21, respectively. NPS before operation in MAST and OPEN groups was 7.7, 7.95, respectively. The week after operation in MAST group was 3.0, in OPEN group was 3.6, 6 months MAST and OPEN groups was 1.67, 2.13, respectively; at the time of interview MAST – 1.75, OPEN – 2.08. Before surgery, OSWESTRY was 62% in both groups. In 7 days in MAST and OPEN groups it was 28%, 32%, respectively; in 6 months it was 19.3% and 19.2%in MAST and OPEN groups, respectively, and at the time of interview in MAST group it was 17.6%, in OPEN – 17.6%. The average stay in the hospital is 9.00±2.81 and 12.5±2.35 days. Conclusion. The results show effectiveness of both surgical techniques used. The MAST group is characterized with lower invasiveness and lower blood loss whereas more intensive X-ray irradiation and longer duration of the operation. Activation of patients is more comfortable in the MAST group.


This book is an introduction to the main theorists and approaches of contemporary legal philosophy. There are separate chapters on the theory of common law (Savigny, Maine), the classical utilitarian reformers (Bentham, Austin), "analytical jurisprudence" (Hart, Kelsen), modem natural law (Fuller, Finnis), American "realism" (Llewellyn), and Pound and Dworkin (considered together). The work is framed by an excellent introduction to the subject and a concluding assessment of the validity of normative legal theory today.


A method of measuring the transference phenomenon of solvent in high polymers based on sodium light and Feisuo interference principle with digital image processing technology is proposed.The steps and method of the image processing are introduced in detail.The fringe distance after thinning is calculated by K-L transform.The results show that the measurement system with favorable interface,developed by the method could get the fringe distance precisely and quickly.Through measuring the fringe distance change in the polymer of acetone and ethanol and the change rule corresponding to fringe distance,the change rule of refractive index in the transference is obtained.The results show that the fringe distance with time is getting smaller and the change degree is also getting smaller.The transference speed of different materials in high polymers is different under the same condition.


Abstarct Given disjoint subsets T1, …, Tm of "not too large" primes up to x, we establish that for a random integer n drawn from [1, x], the m-dimensional vector enumerating the number of prime factors of n from T1, …, Tm converges to a vector of m independent Poisson random variables. We give a specific rate of convergence using the Kubilius model of prime factors. We also show a universal upper bound of Poisson type when T1, …, Tm are unrestricted, and apply this to the distribution of the number of prime factors from a set T conditional on n having k total prime factors.


Recovery of gold from waste printed circuit boards(PCBs) with HCl and NaClO3 solution was studied.The influence of concentration of hydrochloric acid,amount of sodium chlorate,solid-liquid ratio and reaction time was investigated.Results indicated that it was unfavorable for recovering rate of gold when acidity was too high or too low.For 5g waste material,under the condition of solid-liquid ratio of 1:8,sodium chlorate 4g,hydrochloric acid 3mol/L and reaction time 1h,the recovering rate of gold could reach above 90%,with no toxicity for reagents,cheap simple equipment and easy operation.No toxicant was produced during the reaction.


Many DOE facilities have several miles of waste pipe systems that are internally contaminated with various and often undetermined radio nuclides. Unfortunately, currently acceptable alpha detection technologies are inefficient, time consuming, and do not address the problems presented by small diameter or curved pipes. In general, the problem of detecting alpha contamination on the inside surface of pipes is complicated by the fact that alphas do not penetrate the pipe walls. Unlike their conventional counterparts, alpha detectors based on ion transport technology sense alpha particles by collecting the ions created in ambient air as the particle loses its kinetic energy. The ions inside the pipe are transported by a fan-generated air current to an electrode inside the detector, which is attached to one end of the pipe. The collected charge at the electrode is proportional to the number of ions created inside the pipe, which in turn is proportional to the number of alphas emitted. Typically, monitoring for alpha contamination inside pipes or ductwork involves disrupting the operation to access as much surface area as possible for standard alpha monitoring. The detector based on ion transport technology effectively minimizes such disruption and in many circumstances will allow for in situ monitoring of a system that might otherwise not be practically accessible to standard methods.


Copolyurethane networks based on Hydroxy-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Hydrogenated HTPB (HHTPB) have been synthesized using toluene diisocyanate as curing agent. Addition of HHTPB results in enhancement of properties, such as tensile strength and modulus, at nearly the same elongation values. It is possible to generate urethane networks with similar modulus and tensile strength with widely varying elongation values and vice versa by jointly altering the comonomer ratio, and the r (NCO/OH equivalent ratio) value. Dynamic mechanical studies have been made to determine the storage and loss moduli, and their variations with temperature. Solid propellant formulations processed with the copolyurethanes have been characterized for their mechanical strengths and burn rates.


The analysis of polarimeter instrument matrix plays a key role in the problem of polarimeter optimization, which is widely discussed in the literature. The dimensionality and form of the instrument matrix are determined by the construction of the probing channel [polarization state generation (PSG)] and the receiving channel [polarization state analyzer (PSA)] of a polarimeter. We study the effect of structural features of the instrument matrix on error in the Mueller matrix measurement for the type of polarimeter whose PSA is a complete Stokes polarimeter. We show that the structuring of the instrument matrix due to the decreasing of number of input polarizations and optimization of the set of input polarizations result in a considerable decrease in the number of necessary measurements and an increase of the precision of the Mueller matrix element measurement.


This paper intends to predict characteristic of the balcony space composition in apartment that residents want by analyzing floorplans utilizing balcony that is directly described by housewives in competitions. According to change of age, Modern"s lifestyle is variously changed and future housing life may undergo changes continuously. Therefore, development of apartment housing plans is reflected by grasping and collecting space residents desire. Purpose of study is 1) arrangement characteristic of balcony space housewives prefer 2) relations characteristic between balcony and room adjoining balcony 3) characteristic of balcony space composition Through this study, the public space that family use together prefer facing the front side and the kitchen is required to face the front side. Balcony adjoining bedroom is utilized according to user of the bedroom, and independent space like hobby room do not have distinctive relationships with adjacent space. Recent trend that space is reflected in various lifestyle of resident require needs that exercise room for well-being life and other room for various functions. Based upon the study, the results show the basic information and understanding how the plans are supposed to change, particularly to facilitate the usage of the balcony.


e15576 Background: Axitinib (Inlyta) was approved in January 2012 for treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after failure of one prior systemic therapy. The experience of patients and pr...


Super Bakery's competitive success stemmed from its ability to identify and build organizational capabilities—a combination of people and how they operate—that best supported its strategy. The result was a virtually flawless execution of its market entry, and the achievement of a substantial competitive advantage by a newcomer in a mature, fragmented market.


For ages,many experts have studied Wufu by historical textual,philology,graphics,cultural science and phonology.Methods are considered about this academic phenomenon to clarify its current situation and future research.


Korotkov's name is justly attached to the arterial sounds but it was Krylov who described their variations as phases. Ettinger added a fourth phase and denoted the lower region in which sounds are absent, as well as the boundary between, as a fifth. Thus strictly 'Korotkov phase 4' and 'Korotkov phase 5' are incorrectly attributed. Further, the variable meaning of 'phase' has been perpetuated so that numbering it gives a false impression of precision. Aside from the, unambiguous, systolic pressure, we could better refer to 'pressures at muffling or at disappearance of sounds' and indicate which of them is measured - by the use of two strokes in recording readings, e.g. as 180/120/ mmHg or 180//110 mmHg respectively. Better still would be to measure routinely all 3 relevant acoustic divisions of the occluding pressure; and record in the form 180/120/110 mmHg for the example given.


Blood neutrophil kinetics were studied withwith DF32P in patients with sickle cell anemia. Neutrophil concentration in venous blood samples and the size of the circulating granulocyte pool (CGP) were high normal or abnormally high in all patients. The total blood granulocyte pool (TBGP) was not increased to the same degree as the CGP so that in part, the neutrophilia associated with sickle cell anemia represents a shift from marginated to circulating blood compartments. The half disappearance time (T½) of blood neutrophils tended to be short so that with an elevated or high normal TBGP the absolute granulocyte turnover rate (GTR) tended to be increased. The fractional GTR was regularly increased. In most types of neutrophilia the T½ tends to be increased rather than shortened and the fractional GTR may be normal, decreased, or increased. The increased fractional GTR observed in sickle cell anemia suggests that the absolute increase in neutrophil loss from the blood is not merely a function of increased pool size as was suggested previouslyy.


Many frequently encountered start-up and operational problems in current design combined cycle power plants can be traced to pipe strain and nozzle loads placed upon pumps. This is most dramatic when the boiler feed pump is affected. Many of the symptoms are significant and can include misalignment, dynamic (changing) alignment, pump or motor vibration, bearing problems, mechanical seal failures and seizure of equipment on start-up and shutdown. While these are all nuisance items that can plague plant shake-down and commissioning, some can generate huge costs and plant unscheduled outages. More profoundly, these symptoms are often all present, making accurate diagnosis of the true cause very difficult. The real cost of these problems can be seen in plants missing commercial operation dates. Some of the piping issues that can cause these symptoms will be discussed, items including hydraulic aspects of the piping design, straight runs, horizontal runs, venting, location of minimum flow valve, and pipe hanger location. Also, the use of pre-fabricated pipe and spool pieces will be discussed. A short discussion will also be presented on how these piping issues impact various designs of pumps, such as barrel pumps, horizontal split case and ring section type pumps. This will also include some comments on pump mounting issues such as base-plate installation, the use of pin & key blocks and pedestal design. All of the discussions will be summarized and then presented with several recommendations for piping repair, operational changes, and material reinforcement. Optional pump features will be presented, indicating what items can be used to improve operation and reliability when abnormal nozzle loads are expected, including comments on internal clearances, wear part metallurgy and bearing upgrades. These recommendations will be compared against several field experiences for confirmation, with some focus on nozzle load data vs. design, and operation prior to and after strain removal. This combination of field results and engineering analysis of this topic should prove quite useful to the engineer attempting to diagnose any symptoms found in the field. Often times several symptoms may be present, making diagnosis difficult and it is only the methodical steps of symptom elimination that will get the new power plant on the way to commercial operation.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


The Covid-19 pandemic, which has been going on for more than two years, has left various problems affecting health, the economy, and the flow of information in society. The government of Indonesia and related parties are trying to educate the public about the importance of booster vaccines and sustainability in maintaining health protocols through mass media, one of which is online mass media such as Instagram. In order to see the pros and cons of uploaded comments related to Covid-19 information, this study aims to examine the comparison of public responses in responding to information about the Covid-19 pandemic on the doctor's accounts @adamprabata and Ministry of Health @kemenkes_ri on Instagram. This study used a qualitative approach with a virtual ethnographic method based on Cyber Media Analysis. The data for this study are taken through observations from the two Instagram accounts related to information about Covid-19 in October - November 2022. This timeframe is chosen to see how the public perceives information related to Covid-19 when the Covid-19 pandemic has started to subside. However, there is concern that the number of sufferers will increase due to the emergence of the XBB subvariant. The results of the research show that ordinary people perceive Covid-19 as does not exist anymore. Thus, health protocol and vaccines were no longer necessary. Meanwhile, people who have sought health information in more depth by following doctors' accounts who frequently discuss health issues, including Covid-19 from different perspective. They tend to be more careful about the Covid-19 situation during this period. Keywords: Controversy, Covid-19, Instagram, Pandemic, Public


A mechanism for the reduction of dynamic energy dissipation based on energy recovery resonant switching in a computing circuit is described. The resonant circuit with controlled switches conserves energy by recovering 90% of energy that would be otherwise lost during logic state transitions. The new approach of incorporating an energy recovery storage capacitor in the resonant circuit helps to initialize the logic operation and moves the energy back and forth to the load capacitance. This energy-conserving approach preserves thermodynamic entropy, ideally preventing heat generation in the system. This proposed method is used for generating an energy-efficient "flat-topped" (quasi-trapezoidal) waveform, which is required to perform the low power digital logic computation, especially for clocking in the system applications.


Long reconstruction times in three‐dimensional (3D) positron emission tomography (PET) have long remained an obstacle to its routine clinical use. This article presents an experimental study of various algorithms on a compact parallel platform consisting of five hybrid nodes, each equipped with a TransputerTM and an Alpha processor. Resulting execution times for the data set of a 16‐ring PET tomograph (256 sinograms of 96 views by 128 radial samples) lie under 2 min, thus eliminating the time factor in practice and making 3D PET more generally accessible. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 9: 455–462, 1998


Among the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits, conscientiousness has received support as a valid predictor of job performance (Hurtz & Donovan, 2000; Salgado, 1997; Salgado, Anderson, & Tauriz, 2015). Yet, because the FFM is hierarchical, a debate emerged concerning the appropriate bandwidth at which conscientiousness should be measured (Ones & Viswesvaran, 1996; Paunonen, Rothstein, & Jackson, 1999). Was it the broad factor, or only particular facets, that predicted job performance? To address this question, research has compared the magnitude of global vs. facet conscientiousness validities at a single point in time (Dudley, Orvis, Lebiecki, & Cortina, 2006; Salgado, Moscoso, & Berges, 2013). Although larger validities are desirable, it is also


• The muscular system is responsible for functions such as maintenance of posture, locomotion, and control of various circulatory systems. • Muscle tissue can be divided functionally (voluntarily or involuntarily controlled) and morphologically ( striated or non-striated). • These classifications describe three distinct muscle types: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and striated, cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, and smooth muscle is involuntary and nonstriated.


Crosses were made with upland cotton cultivar 6901(G. hirsutum L., 2n=4x=52)as female, wild G. thurberi(2n=4x=52)as male. The hybrid bolls were treated through hormone to promote the young embryos development. The chromosome of the young embryos after growing 40 days from White(1934)medium with colchicines 10 mg/L were doubled. The F1 fertile plants had been obtained through chromosome doubling. The plants with long stigma were self crossed in the F3 segregating population. The homozygosis germplasm line TY35 with long stigma had been obtained by continually self crossing for three generations. Crosses were made by using special early-maturing red leaf cotton with the dominant indicative character as male, TY35 as female. Crosses were made by using the three methods including artificial emasculation, paper disk isolation and no emasculating pollination. The results showed that the percent of F1 hybrids were separately 81.83%, 92.33% and 86.33% for artificial emasculation, paper disk isolation and no emasculation pollination. The F1 heterosis indexes were measured for main yield traits. The results showed that the heterosis indexes were all over160% for plant height, the seed and lint cotton of each plant. The index was 143.18% for the number of boll setting per plant. The heterosis indexes were all under 120% for seed-index, fiber length and lint-percent.


Synchronized clocks are fundamental for multiple applications sometimes also requiring to protect clock synchronization protocol information against malicious attacks. This article analyses security vulnerabilities of the IEEE 1588 clock synchronization protocol caused by a flaw in the integrity check value (ICV) calculation. The paper elaborates counter measures that protect protocol addresses and prevent the misuse of security associations to replay IEEE 1588 messages.


In this edition, Garbi et al. (1) present a case for what they refer to as 'Delivery Room Hospice' by reporting an illustrative periviable 23-week-gestation infant whose mother reports angst in watching her struggle to breathe. The authors suggest a tension between the infant's 'rights' and the authors' perceived limits of parental authority. They ask whether ethical constructs of personhood can be ascribed to the newborn, and legal protection be conferred, that might supersede maternal decisional authority. They propose delivery room hospice as a solution. What to do for 'foetal neonates' is a decades-old question (2–5). Do periviable newborns – born at an age at which mothers might yet legally have an abortion – have rights to which others have compelling duties to respond? If so when, and how, and perhaps even, why? What motivates physicians towards interventions to treat or providing only comfort care? These are moral questions, informed by empirical facts, but their address varies across disciplines and jurisdictions. In Japan, the Eugenic Protection Act mandates resuscitation for all newborns at or beyond 22 weeks of gestation (6). Hence, the data are provided in Tables 1 and 2 (1). But is this mandate for care good for the baby or simply a relief from anxiety for the doctor (5)? Garbi et al. (1) yearn for more explicit guidance for action, seeing the New York State Perinatal Health Code as too 'porous' and the American Academy of Pediatrics resuscitation guidance as 'not operationally pragmatic'. It appears to this author that the clinical judgement of the neonatologist – to guide resuscitation dialogue and provide for resuscitation and a trial of therapy in the NICU, or to provide supportive palliative (comfort) care – can be, and historically has been, honoured by parents, clinician colleagues and outsiders. What, precisely, comprises supportive perinatal palliative and comfort care, however, is much more than the simplistic proposal of opioids in the delivery room. Perinatal palliative care requires attention to the uniqueness of the pregnancy and childbirth experience among human activities. Maternal attachment to the unborn foetus recognises a new and different relationship – one acknowledging the foetus as other than self, and being both distinct from the mother and unique among other pregnancies past or future. Such recognition and relationship likely contributes to maternal–foetal (and anticipated maternal–infant) attachment as well as to the value ascribed by mothers to their pregnancy. This may also be a factor in how, when and why mothers may decide – or even change their minds – about plans for care at birth and afterwards for their foetus/newborn (7,8). Mothers attach to periviable preemies carefully and cautiously, and fear loss even as they may in pregnancies complicated by foetal anomalies (9). Lessons learned by this author over the past 30 years include that parents need to hear the full spectrum of possibilities, and providers need to be prepared (have a plan). Failure to address all possibilities (and dwell only on an anticipated early demise) can lead to parental frustration, confusion, anger and even moral angst or guilt. We can teach and model for parents how to 'expect the unexpected' and adapt to 'a new normal' only when the breadth of possibilities is presented. This advance care planning in the neonatal–perinatal context is very fluid. Palliative care has many domains that, if attended to from the point of discovering a life-limiting condition forward, may allow for supportive transitions towards death without fear, isolation or sense of abandonment (10). A mother anticipating an extremely preterm delivery requires support that entails a respectful provision of information and an ascertainment of her hopes, values and notion of the 'good' to be pursued that is culturally and spiritually nuanced, and acceptable within the breadth of societal norms. Deference to parental wishes is prudent, not simply out of respect to autonomy (what they wish for themselves), or even parental authority (what they wish for their children), but truly out of respect to them as individuals with free moral agency. Their choices may result in a trial of therapy that reflects hopefulness of benefit while balancing the potential(s) of harm – those due to the fragility of their extremely preterm infant and also those which may be iatrogenic, coming as a consequence of well-intended efforts to save and support the infant's life. Attention to the many domains of palliative care will ensure adequate psychosocial support for the expectant family of a periviable newborn. Such planning may include developing a birth plan – even for pregnancies that are anticipated to result in premature death – that addresses both maternal and neonatal matters. When a mother is admitted for labour and delivery, what monitoring (if any) will be done? How will the delivery be accomplished (spontaneous, induced, operative), and with what type of anaesthesia? These matters should be addressed openly – especially if they limit the mother's consciousness during a


Summary: Upon antigen recognition, T cells undergo substantial membrane and cytoskeletal rearrangements that lead to the formation of the immunological synapse and are necessary for subsequent T‐cell activation. However, little is known about how membrane and cytoskeletal molecules interact during these processes. Here we discuss the involvement of the membrane‐microfilament linker ezrin. We propose that ezrin is a component of the cytoskeleton‐mediated architecture of the immunological synapse that plays a role in T‐cell receptor clustering, protein kinase C θ translocation and intracellular signaling.


A highly sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric determination for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-phosphonooxyphenyl)porphine (approximately ΔIµ≈ 3.0 × 105 l mol–1 cm–1) was studied. With a measuring time of 30 min, the determination range was 2.0 × 10–12–8.0 × 10–9 mol l–1 and the detection limit (3s) was 1.0 × 10–12 mol l–1. The detection limit became lower on increasing the measuring time. For example, the detection limit was up to 10–15 mol l–1 for 12h. This method was applied to the assay of ALP in human serum. Using 0.50 ml of sample without any pre-treatment, a good correlation was obtained with the p-nitrophenyl phosphate method, and the relative standard deviation was 4.7%. The method was also applied to the enzyme immunoassay of α-fetoprotein in human serum and provided a good correlation with the 4-methylumbelliferone derivative (r= 0.999) with approximately half the relative standard deviations (1.3–2.7%) obtained with a commercial kit. The proposed method requires very small sample volumes, is highly sensitive, highly accurate, and shows good stability of the reagent; it will be applied to various assays using ALP as a label.


This is a collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Building Materials (3rd CEABM2013), May 24-26, 2013, Jinan, China. This set of 346 peer reviewed papers covers the subject areas of Structural Engineering, Monitoring and Control of Structures, Structural Rehabilitation, Retrofitting and Strengthening, Reliability and Durability of Structures.


To discuss the protective effect of 1,6-fructose diphosphate(FDP)on secondary damage in brain injury and its mechanism. Methods:Six hours after brain injury,the contents of lipoperoxide(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in blood and brain tissue as well as glucose and C-peptide in blood of Wistar species rates were examined. The brain tissue samples were checked under light and electric microscope. Results:FDP made the MDA contents of brain tissues and plasma and the c-peptide level in serum dropped,inhibited blood glucose elevation,kept the SOD activity of brain in a high level and increased the SOD activity of erythrocyte so as to lighten the edema of neuron and gliocyte and the damage of mitochondrion. Conclusion:FDP is of a certain protective effect on secondary damage in brain injury. This effect is related to reducing the li-poperoxidized reaction,inhibiting blood glucose elevation, improving oxygen utilization of mitochondrion and stabilizing bi-omembrane.


The present invention relates to a lighting device and a lighting system, which are particularly useful as a display medium. Further, the present invention relates to a method for determining a topology of a plurality of channels, wherein the topology of the plurality of transmitters represents spatial relationships between the channels of the plurality of transmitters. Further, the present invention relates to a system for providing position-related information on a device, and in particular an inventive light emitting device or a light emitting system according to the invention.


NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate is sponsoring the development of a high fidelity 15 kW-class long-life high performance Hall thruster for candidate NASA technology demonstration missions. An essential element of the development process is demonstration that incorporation of magnetic shielding on a 20 kW-class Hall thruster will yield significant improvements in the throughput capability of the thruster without any significant reduction in thruster performance. As such, NASA Glenn Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory collaborated on modifying the NASA-300M 20 kW Hall thruster to improve its propellant throughput capability. JPL and NASA Glenn researchers performed plasma numerical simulations with JPL's Hall2De and a commercially available magnetic modeling code that indicated significant enhancement in the throughput capability of the NASA-300M can be attained by modifying the thruster's magnetic circuit. This led to modifying the NASA-300M magnetic topology to a magnetically shielded topology. This paper presents performance evaluation results of the two NASA-300M magnetically shielded thruster configurations, designated 300MS and 300MS-2. The 300MS and 300MS-2 were operated at power levels between 2.5 and 20 kW at discharge voltages between 200 and 700 V. Discharge channel deposition from back-sputtered facility wall flux, and plasma potential and electron temperature measurements made on the inner and outer discharge channel surfaces confirmed that magnetic shielding was achieved. Peak total thrust efficiency of 64% and total specific impulse of 3,050 sec were demonstrated with the 300MS-2 at 20 kW. Thermal characterization results indicate that the boron nitride discharge chamber walls temperatures are approximately 100 C lower for the 300MS when compared to the NASA- 300M at the same thruster operating discharge power.


The gender problematic is profoundly central to the leadership debate and one of the main elements of positive leadership in gender  studies is that of significant inclusion of  all gender types especially women in political contests. Unfortunately because of their lack of needed skills that can ensure a high degree of competitiveness, only a few women have ventured into mainstream political leadership in Nigeria. Their impact in reconstructing the political system is thus quite negligible in an environment that is dominantly patriarchal. Tess Onwueme has interrogated these thematic issues quite succinctly in some of her works that are treated in this study. Increasingly today, the desire for power and leadership within the existing power structure has made women venture more into politics. It is the contention of this paper that gender and political power contests need to be extricated from situations that entrench sexism in leadership aspirations and more fundamentally that for societal transformation to be achieved; there is the need to make a distinction between the sexual and the material reality of socio-economic conditions of production in Nigeria.


In this paper, we consider the Minimax admissibility cliaracterization of linear estimates of the multivariate regression coefficient under a matrix loss function. The necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a linear estimate AY(AY+C)to be Minimax admissible in the class of homogeneous(non-homogeneous)linear estimates.


An infrared laser reflecting member (100) is provided with a substrate (1), an SiO film (6), and a metal film (3) formed between the substrate (1) and the SiO film (6).


The paper deals with the technological aspects of the flexibleproduction program development including cutting, assembly, control, software as well as steady profit-making and technological advantages aimed at the cost reduction.


Phe was significantly increased (p<0,025) aad Tyr decreased (p<0,05) in platelets (pl.) from patients with PKU as compared to that of controls (2 - 14 years; HPLC-method). No correlation-was found to serum Phe/Tyr content. Amino acids calculated to pmol/108 platelets:The in vitro uptake of 3H-Phe and 3H-Tyr by platelets showed saturation kinetics. The uptake of 3H-Tyr was not influenced by platelet Phe content. The relative release of 3H-Tyr from preincubated platelets was the same in the PKU and control group. The values of maximal 3H-Phe-and 3H-Tyr-uptake in PKU patients and controls were as followed (calculated to pmol amino acid/108 platelets):Our data indicate that the amino acid transport of Tyr into platelets o children with PKU is reduced. The reduced concentrations of dopa/dopamine in the CSF of these patients aay be partially the result of an intracellular lack of the precursor tyrosine.


Abstract : A review of the human performance effects of impact acceleration was conducted as part of an effort to assemble an experimental test battery. Tasks were designated for inclusion only if suitable for repeated measures applications and sensitive to closed-head impact acceleration. Two human performance tasks which met these criteria were identified after separate reviews of experimental and clinical research. In addition, three tasks sensitive to impact effects and potentially suitable for repeated measures applications were also identified. A third category of tasks which are suitable for repeated measures research but have not yet been shown to be sensitive to impact accleration have been identified in other reports from this laboratory, but are beyond the scope of the present study. Short-term Consonant Memory, Adaptive Serial Addition, and Adaptive Visuospatial Judgement tasks were determined to be sensitive candidate measures with potential for repeated measures applications and were recommended for development. Choice Reaction Time (CRT) and Manikan Spatial Orientation Tasks were recommended for inclusion in an impact acceleration test battery for current applications.


This paper proposed an integrated CAM/CNC software System for WEDM based on DXF.The development of the system was mainly discussed from these aspects in detail: system structure,analysis and read of the DXF,extraction and processing of the graphic elements,compensation of the process track,generation and output of the processing code.A new method of calculating inflection points was proposed.Besides,this system's function was analysed by a typical example.This control system was developed by Visual C++6.0.


The purpose of this article - to form a paradigm axiological reflection measurements and life-purpose athlete as a whole person in a globlizatsii. The article analyzes the sport as a universal system of value orientations that are manifested in sports activities. The methods and approaches that are used in the analysis of the problem: a systemic, structural-functional synergies and approaches - axiological, existential, the substantial metaphysical. Result - identified problems the commercialization of sport and the conditions of realization of possibilities of self-development rights; grounded theoretical understanding of boundary axiological bases of measurement and meaning of life reflection of the individual athlete. Conclusion. Philosophical Foundations of sport as a social and axiological system is reduced to the solution of economic, social, demographic, cultural, spiritual and other aspects of sport and sporting activities in the context of globalization.


Providing tests enhances the retention of learned material compared with further study. This relationship has been known as the testing effect. Studies have shown that the testing effect can also be applied to the transfer of learning, i.e. novel demonstrations of the learned material. The author tested this relationship with Filipino Elementary School children (n = 32) of low socio-economic status in an underprivileged school setting. In a with-subjects experimental design, the participants underwent two different study procedures on two sets of visual symbols, including a study-only and a test-study condition. After a one hour retention interval, they took retrieval and transfer final tests on both sets. A significant testing effect (p < .05) was found only on final tests requiring transfer but not on final tests only requiring retrieval. Even though participants in higher Elementary School grades performed better on both final tests, there was no interaction effect of grade level with the testing effect. The present study confirms that the testing effect also applies to the transfer of learning, and that the testing effect is even bigger for transfer than for simple retrieval. The study also suggests that the testing effect applies to children in all grade levels of Elementary School, to children of low socio-economic status in the Philippine public school system, and to visual-symbolic materials.


The paper describes the process of developing algorithms for processing information about partial discharges based on their registered electrical signals. The analysis is carried out and the most important characteristics of partial discharges are determined. They allow assessing the insulation condition. Taking into account the technical principles of operation of signal recording devices, algorithms have been developed for determining the apparent charge of each partial discharge, the average and maximum apparent charge, the power of partial discharges, and also phase-resolved partial discharge patterns plotting. A solution is given for registering the phase of the supply voltage at the frequency of registration of partial discharges. The results of the work can be used to develop software for the means of registration and analysis of the characteristics of partial discharges.


Why are there civil rights laws? What should their scope and coverage be? What are their weaknesses? How can they be improved? In answering these questions, I concentrate on employment and on race in the United States. Following Sophia Moreau, I argue that civil rights laws are ways of assigning rights that are needed when groups are victims of pervasive discrimination. Empirical economic work shows that blacks and Hispanics probably meet the relevant conditions for coverage under these laws, but whites (at least white males) do not. Civil rights laws are hard to enforce, and should cover as many different domains of life as possible because coverage in each domain is complementary with coverage in others. Existing laws do not seem sufficient to assure blacks and Hispanics of the deliberative freedoms that Moreau enunciates, and so I speculate on alternative approaches.


We studied the cultural and physiological characteristics of the producer strain 11-1 Bacillus sp. – the antagonist of sunflower Phoma rot pathogen to develop the technological regulations for the production of a microbiological preparation in a «wettable powder» form. We studied the cultural characteristics of the producer strain on three agar media: potato sucrose agar (PSA), Czapek's agar and Tylon-3; the characteristics varied significantly depending on the nutrient medium. The maximum diameter of colonies on the tenth day of incubation developed on the Tylon-3 medium – 66×99 mm. We established the optimal conditions for the cultivation of the strain on liquid nutrient media: temperature – 30–35 °С, medium pH from 6 to 10. We found that molasses is an optimal source of carbon nutrition, while peptone is the most favorable source of nitrogen nutrition. We established that the Tylon-3 medium is the optimal complex liquid nutrient medium for the cultivation of the bacterial strain 11-1 Bacillus sp.


Objective:To compare the result of the limited arthroscopic debridememt and thorough arthroscopic debridement of osteoarthritis.Method:The clinical results of 100 patients who had severe osteoarthritis of knee treated by thorough arthroscopic debridememt were compared with another 100 patients who were treated by limited arthroscopic debridememt.The follow-up period ranged from 30 to 48 months.Result:In comparison of the effective rate,duration of improvememt and improvement extent,there were no difference between the groups (P0.05).While in comparison of the duration of operation (40min in thorogh group,10 min in limited group) and the duration of recovery(10 days in thorough group,3 days in limited group),there was a significant difference.Conclusion:In the treatment results of osteoartheitis of the knee,there are no significant differences between the thorough debridement and the limited debridement.


In generally, the part of a hospital that handles of patients in critical condition or
dangerous situation is called Emergency Department (ED). Emergency Department is a
term used in the United States. Other common variations include 'Emergency Ward,'
'Emergency Center' or 'Emergency Unit'. In the UK and British Commonwealth
countries the term used is an 'Emergency Room' or 'ER', 'Accident and Emergency' or
'A&E', 'Casualty', or 'Casualty Ward. In Indonesia there are three terms used. There
are Instalasi Rawat Darurat, Instalasi Gawat Darurat, and Unit Gawat Darurat. In
Indonesia, the term is more based on the type of hospital, but overall, it is essentially
the same substance. It is referred of a service system that quickly and smoothly for all
patients to be treated.
Despite Emergency Department is part of an overall Hospital but it has a different
character of service of another units in a Hospital. The main factor that distinguishes the
Emergency Department from another unit is movement rapidity and smoothness of the
patient, so that the risk of patient death or permanent disability can be minimized.
The Emergency Department which handles of victims or patients in a state of
emergency must have good access which provides ease of movement for all patients to
enter and exit from this it. Accessible pathway is a factor that strongly support the
service system in the Emergency Department. Emergency Department should have
good access to provide ease of movement for the patient. The speed and smoothness
of movement of the patients would be perfect if supported by good access.
Through in deeply study which supported by the findings of the case and the data
are accurate, the point is accessible for all patients involved in the Emergency
Department has been formulated in a Pattern.


The results of laboratory experimental investigations of energy storage system and oscillograms of the process of energy return are presented.