A one-year investigation from April 2006 to March 2007 was conducted on the production dynamics,trophic basis,and yearly ingestion currency of dominant chironomid species in a second order tributary(Hujiaxi stream) of Qingjiang River,a tributary of Yangtze River.Six types of habitat from the upper to the lower reaches of Hujiaxi stream were selected for sample collection,with the life cycles of the two dominant chironomid species Conchapelopia sp.and Eukiefferiella potthasti analyzed based on monthly instar-frequency distribution,the cohort and annual production estimated by size frequency method,and the production dynamics,trophic basis,and yearly ingestion currency examined by the methods of Benke and Wallace(1997) and Benke(1980).Conchapelopia sp.had two generations a year,while E.potthasti had one generation a year.The mean annual density and mean annual biomass of Conchapelopia sp.were 105 ind·m-2 and 0.1 g·m-2,and those of E.potthasti were 280 ind·m-2 and 0.3 g·m-2,respectively.The annual production(wet weight) and the annual production/biomass ratio of Conchapelopia sp.were 1.2 g·m-2 and 2.3,and those of E.potthasti were 1.4 g·m-2 and 2.5,respectively.The temporal overlap of the production of the two species measured with proportional similarity index was 0.7,and the overlap mainly occurred in winter and spring.Amorphous detritus was the main food of Conchapelopia sp.and E.potthasti,occupying more than 84% of their diets and contributing 80.1% and 68.6% to their production,respectively.The yearly ingestion currency of Conchapelopia sp.and E.potthasti was 7.2 and 7.1 g·m-2,respectively.


The problem of disturbance rejection roughly appears in control systems, active noise, and vibration control. This paper presents an algorithm to cancel sinusoidal disturbances with uncertain frequency acting on unknown plant. This algorithm consists of a second order generalized integrator frequency locked-loop (SOGI-FLL) and an adaptive mechanism for estimation of plant's frequency response. Then the problem of disturbance rejection is extended for unknown time-delay plant in which a mechanism for estimation of time-delay is added to the previous algorithm which can cancel sinusoidal disturbance acting on unkown time-delay plant. Perfomance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated by various simulations.


Purpose – The aim of this study is to investigate wearing comfort of summer work uniforms judged by construction workers. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 189 male construction workers participated in a series of wear trials and questionnaire surveys in the summer of 2014. They were asked to randomly wear two types of work uniforms (i.e. uniforms A and B) in the two-day field survey and the subjective attributes of these uniforms were assessed. Three analytical techniques, namely, multiple regression, artificial neural network and fuzzy logic were used to predict wearing comfort affected by the six subjective sensations. Findings – The results revealed that fuzzy logic was a robust and practical tool for predicting wearing comfort in terms of better prediction performance and more interpretable results than the other models. Pressure attributes were further found to exert a greater effect than thermal–wet attributes on wearing comfort. Overall, the use of uniform B exhibited profound benefits on w...


To the Editor: Ienjoyed, and was intrigued by, the historical article by Jacob and Kovac discussing the content of, and professional reaction to, Berry's 1928 reviewof 165 consecutive uses of caudal epidural block with 20 mL of 3% procaine. This is a large dose, but not one that (in the absence of intravascular injection) I anticipate would cause a major reaction given the drug's rapid metabolism. No patient showed features of a classic major toxic reaction (convulsions, apnea, etc) to local anesthetic (LA), and the blocks were effective, so intravenous injection seems unlikely. However, 48% of the patients developed 1 of 2 other reactions; these associated with either decreased (38% of the patients) or increased blood pressure (10%). Berry ascribed the latter reaction to what one might call subthreshold procaine toxicity, and I think that he was right, although I did wonder if rising concentrations of its metabolites might be relevant. However, what information I could obtain suggests that both para-aminobenzoic acid and di-ethylamino-ethanol are fairly innocuous compounds. What the features did remind me of was a volunteer (I was one of them!) study in which the late D.B. Scott compared the toxicity of several LA drugs by infusing them until the subjects developed symptoms requiring that the infusion be stopped. Thus, Berry's dose was on the verge of excessive, indicating that correct placement of even a rapidly metabolized drug can produce systemic toxicity if enough is injected, something that I had not appreciated. Berry thought that the hypotensive reaction was due to extensive spread of LA producing sympathetic nerve block. However, his work caused concerns that this reaction might also have been due to the systemic effects of procaine, one contemporary correspondent (whom Jacob and Kovac quote and seem to agree with) asks:


The article provides an overview of modern literature on the problem of etiology, pathogenesis and principles of complex therapy of chronic venous insufficiency. Data on possible surgical correction methods of this pathology are given. Also, modern tactics assign a significant role to pharmacotherapy, and an overview of the phleboprotectants used is given. Efficiency of compression therapy application is evaluated. A critical review of literature of modern compression agents was carried out, advantages and disadvantages of elastic binting, compression knitting and application of variable compression are described. In comparison with elastic bandages, compression knitting has a number of advantages, such as: patients independently and correctly use compression laundry, the created therapeutic pressure does not depend on the correct application of compression, is more convenient and aesthetic when wearing, is air-permeable and can be used at any time of the year. Evaluation of efficiency of application of compression knitwear in therapy of chronic venous insufficiency is given. The effect of the compression article is due to a decrease in capillary permeability, a decrease in blood viscosity, which leads to a decrease in edema, lymphoprotective action and an increase in vascular wall tone. Modern means of compression have proved to be effective due to the polyvalent mechanism of action on all factors of disease pathogenesis, high bioavailability and minimal side effects. Early application of compression knitwear allows to buy or reduce clinical manifestations of venous insufficiency and its complications, as well as to influence indicators of patients quality of life. Detailed study of literary data will help to correctly select the method and type of compression therapy in case of chronic venous insufficiency.


The design, construction, and testing of a completely solar powered tracking device are discussed. Two opposed power cylinders respond to heat sensitive sensors so as to create a mechanical balance of the system when the surface of the concentrating device is normal to the incident solar rays. (auth)


S u m m a r y: The author presents contemporary issues and current trends in the property market, including touching timely and important topic as sustainable development and applies it to the real estate market, especially the construction sector. The fi rst part is a description of regulatory changes in the real estate and fi nancial markets. You can fi nd information on the deregulation of real estate professionals and new professions which have recently been in the fi eld of real estate brokerage. In the second part, the author goes back to the defi nition of sustainable development, the beginnings of the formation of the concept, to be able to provide a description of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the real estate market, especially in the construction market. The last part is devoted to ecological construction, the so called passive houses. The author presents the examples of the construction and operation of passive buildings in Poland and the opinions of residents and builders. The article ends with the statement that rising energy costs in the future and the requirements of the European Union will be important factors in determining the choice of modern house buildings technology. Eco-building is now eco-effi cient and economically justifi ed.


Electropositive discharges require a relatively large electric field to be ignited in a large volume environment even at a reduced pressure. Conventionally, electropositive plasmas are obtained by introducing one or more electrodes inside or connected to a chamber. We have developed a novel approach in generating a large volume of electropositive diffuse plasma by means of guided fast ionization waves1. Such waves are produced by a plasma jet located in proximity to the chamber and propagate through the nearby air and a dielectric wall into the chamber. Here we present experimental evidence of the indirect ignition of an electropositive plasma inside a grounded dielectric chamber with no electrodes mounted to it2. Here, the mechanism of the plasma bullets as a power source is shown by fast photography using intensified-CCD camera and the properties of the diffuse plasma are investigated by means of optical emission spectroscopy (OES).


Digestion of extruded starch is poorly characterized. Two diets containing wheat or faba bean starch were extruded individually or combined 50:50 (wt/wt) and fed to weaned pigs. Ileal starch digestion tended to be higher (P < 0.10) for the extruded wheat diet than the extruded faba bean diets, while total tract digestibility of starch and energy was higher (P< 0.05) for the two extruded faba bean starch diets than the extruded wheat diet. Feed intake tended to be higher (P < 0.10) for extruded faba bean starch diet, but final body weight was not affected by extruded starch source. The in vivo kinetics of starch and energy digestion differed between extruded wheat and faba bean starch diets. Key words: digestibility, extrusion, faba bean, starch, weaned pig, wheat


Networked Control System (NCS) is fetching researchers' interest from many decades. It's been used in industry which range from manufacturing, automobile, aviation, aerospace to military. This paper gives the general architecture of NCS and its fundamental routes. It also touches to its advantages and disadvantages and some of the popular controller which include PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) and MPC (Model Predictive Control). General Terms Networked Control System (NCS), Closed Loop, Feedback Loop, MPC


Abstract: This study focuses on the deployment of smart health cards and E- Healthcare to improve the standard of healthcare services through coordinated healthcare processes and IT. The administration of electronic medical records is made simpler and the privacy protection of sensitive data is improved using smart cards. A web application with a user- friendly interface was developed to store and manage patient medical records on cards and servers, reducing the risk of data loss due to card damage. The project exemplifies real- time database management, providing easy, efficient, and reliable data processing and management for healthcare providers.


Grafting has been used for controlling certain soilborne diseases and improving abiotic stress tolerance in muskmelon (Cucumis melo) production. Grafting methods may vary considerably among geographic regions and nurseries, while excision of rootstock roots before graft healing may also be practiced, which allows root regeneration of the grafted plants. In this greenhouse study, four grafting methods including hole insertion, one-cotyledon, noncotyledon, and tongue approach methods were examined for their impacts on plant growth and root characteristics of 'Athena' muskmelon grafted onto 'Strong Tosa' interspecific hybrid squash rootstock (Cucurbita maxima · C. moschata). Nongrafted rootstock and scion plants were included as controls. Both the grafted and nongrafted plants were examined with or without root excision. The practice of root excision was unsuccessful with the tongue approach method, while it did not exhibit significant effects on graft quality and growth of plants grafted with the one-cotyledon and hole insertionmethods. Grafted plants with root excision started to show active and rapid root regeneration at 8 days after grafting (DAG) and reached similar root length and surface area as the root-intact plants at 16 DAG. Plants grafted with the noncotyledon method showed a different root growth pattern with decreased root length and surface area at 16 DAG. As a result, this method reduced the quality of grafted plants. No significant differences in plant growth characteristics were observed among the hole insertion, one-cotyledon, and tongue approach grafted plants.


This paper is a survey focuses on seven basic Voting Methods for Preferential Ballots. The purpose is to give a pellucid illustration of these Methods in consideration of Game Theory, and understand their intrinsic and associative properties. In order to understand these Methods and their efficacy, multiple techniques, such as Mathematical Modeling and Computer Programming, are used for evaluation and comparison. The ultimate goal is to find a Voting Methods which elect the most democratic winner.


HIRMOPTYSIS is usually regarded by medical men as a symptom of such grave import, that when a patient informs us he has been spitting blood we regard it as tantamount to telling us that he is suffering from organic disease either of the lungs or heart. The chief object which I have in view in this paper is to endeavour to show that pulmonary haemorrhage is not a symptom of such unfavourable augury as we are apt to consider it, but that it not unfrequently occurs in persons in whom neither phthisis nor serious cardiac disease can be detected. It will be well at the outset to enumerate the chief conditions under which hoemoptysis usually takes place, and then to consider the value to be attached to its occurrence in the several diseases of which it is but one form of expression. Expectoration of blood (exclusive of those cases in which it arises from a blow on the thorax, orfrom the mouth and fauces, or from ulceration of the larynx and trachea) may occur as follows: In vicarious menstruation; in hysterical women, though the catamenia are regular; in pregnant and suckling women; in the haemorrhagic diathesis, purpura, scurvy, etc.; in bronchitis; in emphysema and asthma; in pneumonia; in pulmonary consumption; in pulmonary apoplexy; in disease of the heart and great vessels ; etc. The hoemoptysis which is vicarious of menstruation is probably the most favourable form of blood-spitting. A short time ago a young woman came to me stating that she was spitting blood. Upon inquiry, I found that she had no symptoms indicative of pulmonary disease beyond the raising of blood and a slight cough; she had not, however, menstruated per vaginam for a considerable time. Physical examination of her chest revealed nothing abnormal. I ascertained that the hemoptysis occurred periodically about once a month. I accordingly concluded that the case was one of menstruation by the lungs; and the result of the treatment adopted served to confirm this view of the nature of the case. I am aware that it has been stated, on very high authority, that these cases ultimately turn out to be phthisical, and I do not wish it to be understood that I am of opinion that all such cases terminate so favourably as the one I have just recorded ; indeed, I have at present an outpatient at the hospital who every month suffers from epistaxis and haemoptysis-in all probability vicarious of the menstrual dischargeand in whose lungs there are unmistakable signs of pulmonary mischief; still this is probably a mere coincidence, and is not necessarily connected with the diverted course of the catamenia. Dr. Pollock of the Brompton Hospital, in his work on the Elements of Prognosis in Consum/ption, writes as follows: "When menstruation is suddenly checked,


Purpose
Over the past few decades, examinations of emerging economies (EEs) have received increasing attention in international business (IB) research. This article takes a critical stance on some of the re-occurring shortcomings of that research.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a critical literature review of 493 articles on EEs that have been published in five top-tier IB academic journals in the period 2010–2020. True to the nature of a critical literature review, the authors judge and question some of the practices that have impeded knowledge accumulation.

Findings
The authors found a recurring lack of definitional clarity and contextualization, as well as overgeneralized inferences from findings. The authors provide recommendations on how to address these weaknesses and a checklist to guide future IB research on EEs.

Originality/value
The authors question and problematize what they see as dominant but undesirable practices when conducting EE research. The actionable directions for addressing uncovered issues and checklist to guide future research in this area that the authors offer are rather bold and unambiguous.


Montmorillonite clay due to its abundance and environmental friendliness has several industrial applications among which are the adsorption of mycotoxins in foods and feed. The mycotoxin; zearalenone (ZEA) is oestrogenic and has been implicated in hormonal and reproductive issues for both man and animals. Thus, nanoformulations from Montmorillonite clay and Cymbopogoncitratus (lemongrass) extracts were developed for the reduction of the toxin in millet. The various formulations include: Montmorillonite clay to which extract of Cymbopogoncitratus(lemon grass essential oil)has been incorporated (Mont-LGEO), Montmorillonite clay mixed with C. citratus(lemon grass)powder (Mont-LGP) and Montmorillonite clay washed with NaCl (Mont-Na). Pure Montmorillonite clay (Mont) and C. citratus (lemon grass) powder (LGP) served as the controls for the treatment. Each of these compositions were applied to millet samples at a concentration of 8 % and 12% and stored for 4 weeks. XRD patterns for compositions containing Montmorillonite clay revealed major peaks at 2-Theta value of 20.06° representing Montmorillonite and 26.56° and 68.53°representing quartz. The level of ZEA in all treated samples was quantified after 4 weeks using the Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrophotometer LC-MS/MS. All the compositions were effective in the decontamination of zearalenone. Furthermore, C. citratus powder was the most effective in the decontamination of zearalenone in the cereal after 4 weeks.


Within the framework of a comprehensive research study of high strength concrete (HSC), the impact response of concrete plate specimens with variable strengths and different reinforcement was tested. The response of a structural concrete element under impact, involves the development of scabbing fragments at its back side, which reduces its effectiveness as a protective element. This well known phenomenon is expected to be more severe in HSC plates, because of the material relatively high brittleness. Consequently, various ways are examined in order to enhance the ductility of HSC elements. One possible direction is to use fibers or wire mesh reinforcement. The experimental study described herein utilized 40 x 40 cm concrete plate specimens, with variable thickness, strength, and reinforcement. By comparing the response of these plates to an impacting projectile, the effects of concrete strength and of the reinforcement were studied. The cylindrical steel projectile, weighed 118 gr, and had a conical nose with a 1.4 aspect ratio. The tests were conducted in a recently developed impact laboratory, where two gas guns were installed. In the current series of tests the projectile was accelerated by the release of compressed air to velocities of about 145 m/sec, measured by an electro-optical device. This paper describes the different levels of damage that were observed in the different specimens, focusing on the influence of the concrete strength and of the reinforcement, on the response.


Many bacteria exchange N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) signal molecules to coordinate the behavior of individual cells. Such quorum sensing regulation controls many bacterial behaviors. The nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti was found to produce AHLs with C14-C16 alkanoyl, alkenoyl and 3-oxo-alkenoyl side chains. In addition, some strains of S. meliloti also produced AHLs with C6-C10 alkanoyl and 3oxo-alkanoyl side chains. Exposure of early log phase cells of wildtype S. meliloti 1021 to purified C14-HL and 3-oxo-C16:1-HL changed the accumulation of over a hundred polypeptides involved in stress responses, nitrogen and carbon cycling and utilization, nucleotide and secondary metabolite synthesis. These results provide the first global analysis of quorum sensing regulation in S. meliloti. Seedlings of pea, Medicago truncatula, soybean, rice and tomato and cells of the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were capable of producing substances that mimicked bacterial AHLs in well-characterized AHL reporter strains. This is the first demonstration of AHL signal-mimic compounds in eukaryotes after their discovery in a marine alga, and indicates that plants and algae may have a general ability to disrupt quorum sensing regulation in associated bacteria through secretion of quorum sensing signal mimics. Initial HPLC fractionation of AHL-mimics from plants separated about a half-dozen different activities, each affecting a different set of AHL receptors. AHLmimics from plants may have important agricultural and industrial applications in controlling bacterial communities.


Ahsrrucr. Electron microscopic study was donc on biOP5Y specimens obtained from thc volar surface of the forearm of 7 volunteers 15-180 minutes after application of I sodium hydroxide or I N hydrochloric acid. The ultra structural changes produced by these chemicals are dif ferent or similar in thc following manner: (a) In sodium hydroxide lreated skin, the contents of horny cells were dissolved and only remnants of cell mem branes were present in the superficial horny layer, wherens the superficial horny cells were usually preserved after treatment with hydrochloric acid, their cytoplasm present ing a porous pattern with circular profiles. (b) The shortcst timc associatcd with rccognizable changes in living (non-cornified) cells was 15 minutes with NaOH and 120 minutes with HCL Intracellular ederna was produced by both treatments. (c) Tonofilament-desmosome complexes disappeared in NaOH treated sites but were present in HCl-treated skin. (d) lncreased numbers of Jamellar granules on the outer surfacc of the uppermost granular cell Jayer were present in both experimental situations. Enlarged Jamellar granules wcre scen only in HCJ-treated skin. (e) Keralohyaline granules appeared homogeneous after NaOH trcatmcnt, and filamentous in HCl-lrealed speci


The objective of this study is to calculate the cost-effective production of non-fossil energies in the Swedish electricity system, considering external effects and uncertainty. The study includes eight non-fossil energy sources in Sweden. For each energy source a unique marginal cost function is assessed, including production costs, external cost and uncertainty based on data from previous studies and publications. Four different models are created: A standard model excluding externalities, a model including externalities, a probabilistic model excluding externalities and a probabilistic model including externalities. The results show that the cost-effective mix of 150TWh is achieved at a total production cost of 58.3 billion SEK. The model finds the cost of externalities to be 7.1 billion SEK and the cost of uncertainty to about 1.7 billion SEK respectively. In all four models, large-scale hydro, nuclear power and onshore wind are included to their full capacity. None of the models have solar PV and wave energy as part of the cost-effective mix. Biomass, offshore wind and small scale hydro are included to a varying extent in the different models. When comparing the results of the four different models the differences in outcome are rather small. However, there are a number of significant findings that may contribute to guidelines for Swedish policy making. Among the discussed implications are: The most effective way to drive down total electricity cost, the role of solar PV incentives and the cost associated with a decommissioning of nuclear power.


The filtration capacity of nanostructured materials used for creation of new generation filter systems was studied. The goal of our study was testing adsorbing and disinfecting capabilities of filtering components. Quality of filtration was determined by the level of microorganisms trapped in the filter. The strain of E.coli 113-13 at the concentration of 103 microbial colonies per ml was chosen as the experimental model. Efficiency of biopolymer application in comparison with common disinfectant was established. Also, we found that the disinfecting capacity of filter system depends on a biopolymer substrate coating. The research of the sorption activity of natural nanostructured materials such as heavy metals was studied.


The aim of higher vocation education should be emphasized the ability train and occupation qualification.However,there are obvious problem in examination of student's quality at present.It is necessary to construct a systemic examination.The various forms,open and ability exam should be advocated.Meantime,the profession qualification authentication also needs to be integrated with their exam system on campus in order to obtain employment.


A biological bone-contact distance measuring device, characterized in that it comprises a fixed contact (2) and a movable contact on a test rail (13), test contacts (13) directly or via a wire connection means the drive bar moves on the slide rail, and slide screw fitted in one end of the screw holder (7) through an electromagnetic clutch (9) and a drive shaft axially connected to the drive means, the test contacts (13 ) directly or through connecting means and the distance measuring device. The present invention, by monitoring, controlling a current value of the electromagnetic clutch, so that the test contact and the skin contact pressure controlled to achieve a constant compression of the skin, people realize the different measurement comparability of the results. And ensures Gengu parts from excessive pressure.


For agriculture, the most important is the soil's function as a base and medium for plant growth. The soil health and soil condition are important for plant growth. And the management of soil organic matter is an important part in case of managing soil health and maintaining soil conditions. The experiment was carried out in the field lab (Net House) of Soil, Water and Environment discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Total 21 plastic pots were used to continue the experiment with 7 treatments. For the experiment, the meat bones were collected and used in the experimental pot along with soil in different doses. This research has revealed that meat bones both powdered and composted, has significantly increased (about 20-25%) the growth parameters of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) such as a number of leaves, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content. So, the application of powdered and composted meat bones in soil will contribute in the growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica).


The ability of aspirin (ASA), dipyridamole (DIP), sulfinpyrazone (SP) and combinations of these agents to prevent arteriovenous cannula thromboembolism In baboons .has been assessed by measuring the destruction of autologous 51Cr-platelets. In 24 studies with untreated baboons (10-12 kg), thrombogenic polyurethane femoral A-V cannulap (Biomer, 50 cm, 4 mm i.d.) consumed 22.5 ± 4.5 × 108 plats/cm2 -day. In animals with identical shunts, the efficacy of various antithrombotic treatment regimens was determined by measuring the percent reduction in platelet consumption (PC) compared to untreated control values. All drugs were given to at least four animals by oral administration twice daily. ASA, 3-100 mg/kg/day, did not significantly reduce PC (p >0.2). SP In doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day reduced PC by 7, 48, and 97% respectively. DIP, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg/day, reduced PC by 14, 34, 5l,and 99% and was significantly more effective than SP (p <10-5). ASA (10, 15, 20 mg/kg/day) given with DIP (2.5 mg/kg/day) reduced PC by 47, 67, and 94% demonstrating significant and dose dependent potentiation of DIP by ASA. ASA (10 mg/kg) potentiated DIP (2.5 mg/kg/day) less effectively when given only with the first dose of DIP, or when given twice daily but two hours after administration of DIP (p <0.01). In both cases PC was reduced about 67% (vs. 94% for simultaneous administration twice daily). DIP (2.5 mg/kg/day) plus SP (10, 20, 40 mg/kg/day) reduced PC by 50, 51, and 72% in an additive fashion without potentiation. Similarly SP (20 mg/kg/day) given with DIP (2.5 mg/kg/day) plus ASA (10 mg/kg/day) reduced PC by 65% In an additive manner. It is concluded that PC Is more effectively reduced by DIP than either SP or ASA. DIP Is potentiated by ASA but not SP. DIP and ASA should be administered simultaneously in multiple daily doses.


We propose a new acceleration control system which can be used to control speed and position of DC servo motor simultaneously. As it is designed based on acceleration control, it needs not current feedback loop and disturbance observer and is robust to disturbancs such as load torque, various frictional torque. The proposed control scheme is applied to simultaneous control of speed and position of a pressure Tester which uses DC servo motor as its actuator.


A new triangular fuzzy number critical path method was proposed based on linear programming for solving the uncertain project problem. alpha -cut set was used to transfer the fuzzy number to interval number, and a credibility degree was defined so that the total time range and the different critical paths were given by adjusting the credibility degree. Meanwhile, by analyzing the sensitivity coefficient, the control priorities of activities could be acquired. The result shows that compared with traditional probability methods and other related studies, The method can improve the precision of the project time control.


Objective To observe and compare the biliary imaging capabilities between magnetic resonance( MR) cholangiography with hepatobiliary specific and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid( Gd-EOB-DTPA) at hepatocellular phase and biliary phase,and to guide the time choice of biliary imaging in the clinical application. Methods Forty-five patients without hepatobiliary disease or with known hepatic masses of no invasion to the biliary system in the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university from November 2011 to May 2012 were enrolled in the study. All the patients underwent contrastenhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography( CE-MRC) at 20 minutes( hepatocellular phase) and 50minutes( biliary phase) after Gd-EOB-DTPA injection. Imaging conditions of CE-MRC of the common bile duct( CBD),left hepatic duct( LHD),right hepatic duct( RHD),subbranches of intrahepatic bile ducts( SIBD),cystic duct( CD) and gallbladder( GB) at hepatocellular phase and biliary phase were assessed by using a 5-point scale respectively. Imaging scores of CE-MRC at hepatocellular phase and biliary phase were analysed by using Wilcoxon' s signed rank test. The signal-to-noise ratios( SNRs) of CBD at the two phases were measured and the paired t test was used to compare their differences. Results Visualization ratings of the CBD,LHD,RHD,SIBD,CD and GB at hepatocellular phase were as follows: 2. 62 ± 0. 83,2. 62 ± 0. 81,2. 47 ± 0. 97,1. 18 ± 0. 91,2. 18 ± 1. 07 and 1. 18 ± 0. 11. And the visualization ratings at biliary phase were as follows: 3. 40 ± 0. 65,2. 73 ± 0. 89,2. 60 ± 1. 03,1. 31 ± 0. 97,2. 82 ± 0. 83 and2. 82 ± 0. 14. There were statistically significant differences in visualization rating of the CBD( t =- 4. 88,P 0. 001),CD( t =- 3. 68,P 0. 001) and GB( t =- 5. 74,P 0. 001) at different phases. There were no statistically significant differences in visualization rating of the LHD( t =- 1. 39,P = 0. 17),RHD( t =-1. 73,P =0. 08) and SIBD( t =-1. 51,P =0. 13) at different phases. The SNR of the CBD at the two phase were 413. 78 ± 135. 59 and 527. 02 ± 157. 71,and the difference was statistically significant( t =- 8. 33,P 0. 001). Conclusions With Gd-EOB-DTPA at biliary phase provides better visualization of the extrahepatic bile ducts than hepatocellular phase,while the visualization of the intrahepatic bile ducts is similar at both phases. In practical clinic application,patients with extrahepatic biliary system diseases should undergo the Gd-EOB-DTPA CE-MRC at biliary phase in order to better display and evaluation of the lesions.


A method based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for computing the effective permittivity and the characteristic impedance of the micro-coplanar strip (MCS) line is presented. The ANFIS is a class of adaptive networks which are functionally equivalent to fuzzy inference systems (FISs). A hybrid learning algorithm, which combines the least square method and the backpropagation algorithm, is used to identify the parameters of ANFIS. The effective permittivity and the characteristic impedance results obtained by using ANFIS are in good agreement with the theoretical and experimental results reported elsewhere.


Sometimes things need to be said, and said, and said, until they don't need to be said any more. Margaret Atwood wrote that and its truth is the reason why, each year, I write a column on suicide. We still have too many misconceptions about suicide.


- High freshman attrition in engineering programs is a significant and growing concern. In 2010 and 2011, less than 41% of first year freshmen received a grade of C or better in first semester technical major courses at Penn State Erie, the Behrend College. Retention rates increased by 15% to 25% for the first semester of implementation for the programs described in this paper, fall 2012. Existing events and programs that are targeted at freshman did not significantly improve retention. The two existing programs are the Freshman Interest Group (FIG) and FastStart. The FIG program houses students in dormitories by major and provides a peer mentor but does not engage students living off-campus. The FastStart program holds a few social events per year to bring students and mentors together, but requires the freshman student to take the initiative to join the program and maintain contact with his or her mentors. Programs that support development of community and increase student engagement can improve freshmen retention. These programs build community among students, peers, and faculty by "forcing" students to participate. The students are required to learn each classmate's name and to complete group work with every other student during the course of the semester. A student-led club provides social, academic, and technical events led by upper class mentors.


THE DESIGN FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF A STATIC- DYNAMIC FREE-FIELD SOIL STRESS GAUGE ARE DISCUSSED. THE GAUGE IS DISC-SHAPED WITH A THICKNESS OF 0.060 IN AND A DIAMETER OF 1.500 IN. THE SENSING ELEMENT IS A PIEZORESISTIVE SEMICONDUCTOR STRAIN GAUGE LOCATED IN A FLUID CAVITY. THE GAUGE WAS EVALUATED IN TWO SOILS: OTTAWA 20-30 SAND AT TWO DENSITIES (108 AND 101 PCF), AND A KAOLINITE CLAY AT TWO WATER CONTENTS (25% AND 30% BY WEIGHT). ALL TESTS WERE CONDUCTED IN THE SOIL TESTING FACILITES DEVELOPED AT URS WHICH ARE ESSENTIALLY FREE OF SIDE WALL OR BOUNDARY EFFECTS. WITH THESE FACILITIES, THE SOIL STRESS FIELD IN THE ABSENCE OF A GAUGE (THE FREE-FIELD STRESS) CAN BE ACCURATELY DETERMINED, SO THAT WHEN A GAUGE IS INCLUDED IN THE SOIL ITS INFLUENCE ON THE FREE-FIELD STRESS FIELD IN ITS VICINITY CAN BE FOUND. BOTH STATIC AND DYNAMIC TESTS WERE CONDUCTED AT VARIOUS STRESS LEVELS AND DEPTHS OF BURIAL OF THE GAUGE IN SOIL COLUMNS TO DETERMINE GAUGE ACCURACY, REPEATABILITY, LINEARITY, STABILITY, AND ITS SENSITIVITY TO VARIOUS POSSIBLE SOURCES OF SPURIOUS SIGNALS. WATERPROOFING TECHNIQUES TO PROJECT THE GAUGE FROM DIVERSE MOISTURE CONDITIONS WERE ALSO EVALUATED. THESE TESTS INDICATE THAT THE GAUGE HAS HIGH SENSITIVITY (0.75 MV/PSI), FLAT FREQUENCY RESPONSE FROM 100 TO ZERO KHZ, HIGH REPEATABILITY, AND IS LINEAR, STABLE, AND INSENSITIVE TO ACCELERATION, EDGE LOADING, BENDING, LEAD WIRE SIZE, AND THE PRESENCE OF OTHER NEARBY GAUGES. IT CAN ALSO BE PLACED IN WET ENVIRONMENTS FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME. /AUTHOR/


An effective route for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure title compounds (IX) is developed from aziridine (I) using simple organic transformations.


The article discusses the background,rule,principle and evolvement course in formulating "high pollution and high environmental risk" product catalogue,introduces the significance and progress in formulating "high pollution and high environmental risk" product catalogue in pesticide industry as well as the impact and countermeasures on pesticide industry development.


The dynamics of the tumor suppressor p53 can play a crucial role in deciding cell fate after DNA damage. In this paper, we explore the dynamics and stability of p53 mediated by Mdm2 degradation rate in p53-Mdm2 oscillator through bifurcation, the potential landscape and flux. Based on the investigation of the bifurcation, we find that p53 can exhibit rich dynamics including monostability, bistability of two stable steady states and oscillation behaviors as well as bistability between a stable steady state and an oscillatory state. The stability of these states are further validated by the potential landscape. In addition, oscillatory behaviors of p53 are explored by means of the negative gradient of the potential landscape and the probability flux. It is shown that the negative gradient of the potential landscape can attract the system towards the oscillatory path and the flux can drive oscillation along the path. Moreover, the quicker the flux runs, the smaller the period is. Besides, stability and sensitivity of the system are explored by the barrier height and the entropy production rate in a single cell level, and we further compare the potential landscapes at single and population cell levels. Our results may be useful for understanding the regulation of p53 signaling pathways in response to DNA damage.


Abstract : This Phase I Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) project was concerned with the development of medical information access and presentation technology. The project has developed and initially implemented BetterView, a specific approach for medical data visualization and browsing. The approach supports (a) high level exploration and interaction with medical information through advanced 3D visualization, (b) presentation of a Gestalt view of the patient to the clinician (i.e., the "Big Picture" presentation that facilities more cooperative, and thereby intelligent, reasoning between clinicians and patients' data models and more cognitive presentation of clinical data), (c) direction of the clinician to the most plausible diagnostic hypotheses very early in the process of information exploration, and (d) information access at a higher level of abstraction (to free the physicians to focus on issues that matter the most instead of on details and system functions that don't). During the Phase I effort, commercial potentials of the developed technology have been identified. Commercialization will be initially pursued with the Department of Defense (e.g., TRICARE - a healthcare program for military families and retirees). This technology should also be of interest to those HMO type healthcare provider commercial sectors that encompass a lull range of services from outpatient primary care in remote clinics to intensive care within large teaching medical centers.


The paper presents results of research on the effect of magnesium on the graphite shape in cast iron obtained by Inmold process. For testing Lamet 5504 master alloy was used. The crystallization process of cast iron with various Mg concentrations was evaluated with use of the thermal and derivative analysis (TDA) method. The conditions were demonstrated for which a flake, vermicular and nodular graphite were obtained. Values of graphite "c" coefficient were analyzed. Results from it the significant differences between the assessment of the graphite on metallographic specimen and by the "c" coefficient. An effect of wall thickness of the casting on the graphite coefficient was indicated.


Lack of effective control of brine pollution at the State level in Texas has hindered development of an inventory of the effects of oil-field brine disposal on the diverse geologic and hydrologic environments in which ground water occurs. In Texas, where 35 per cent of the nation's crude oil is produced, the volume of brine production and the widespread distribution of its points of origin complicate the initiation of unified control programs. Brine production and disposal figures for calendar year 1961 showed that a total of 2,236,599,746 barrels of salt water were produced from approximately 67,000 oil and gas leases throughout the State. In that year 460,892,427 barrels of salt water were reportedly disposed of into unlined earthen pits, which contribute directly to pollution of fresh water either by seepage or overflow; and 1,536,543,715 barrels were injected into the subsurface where inadequate well-completion methods may constitute a longer-range problem than surface disposal.

Brine-pollution control programs must regulate standards for the whole range of oil-field operation including exploration, well completion, brine disposal during the productive phase, and well plugging and abandonment. To be effective, these programs must equate the objective of maximum oil and gas conservation and development with acceptable standards of oil-field operation to provide safeguards for usable water supplies.


Sir, Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid compound is widely used due to its high insecticidal potential and slow resistance in pest. It is considered less toxic for human use, because of poor dermal absorption, rapid metabolism, less tissue accumulation, and environmental persistence.[1] Cases of accidental pyrethroid poisoning at work places have been reported[2], but poisoning with suicidal intention is extremely rare.[3] Increased overthe-counter availability of these insecticides is likely to increase the prevalence of their toxicity. Furthermore, resemblance of cypermethrin toxicity to organophosphate poisoning pose a diagnostic dilemma in the emergency department.[4,5]


ABSTRACT Identifying the environmental conditions that control tropical cyclone (TC) genesis is a challenging problem. This study examines a new method to evaluate the precursors of TC genesis using high-resolution ensemble forecasts and relative operating characteristic (ROC) diagrams. With an advanced research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, high-resolution ensemble forecasts (at 5 km horizontal resolution) are conducted in various configurations using a bred vector method to form a set of 140 ensemble members for predicting Hurricane Ernesto's genesis. Basic evaluation shows that high-resolution ensemble forecasts are able to predict well-developed TCs, whereas the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) fails to do so. This set of 140 ensemble members is employed to study the precursors of Hurricane Ernesto's genesis by contrasting the genesis and nongenesis cases. Specifically, ROC curves, composite figures for genesis and nongenesis cases, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests are applied to characterize the relationship between important environmental parameters near the beginning of the simulation and genesis likelihood 15-18 h later. It is found that moist conditions at 850 hPa, vertical wind shear, the strength of the 850 hPa pre existing wave, and upper-level warming play notable roles in Ernesto's genesis.


There is a growing need to increase the capabilities of existing sensor arrays to monitor a large amount of space objects orbiting the Earth with a limited number of opportunities to observe these objects. Due to geopolitical considerations and financial cost, it is infeasible to create an array of sensors that can monitor each space object and accurately describe its state. Instead of brute force techniques by increasing the number of sensors worldwide, the current advancements in computational capability along with new algorithms for multi-target filtering and reinforcement learning has allowed a pathway to begin solving the non-myopic, heterogenous sensor tasking problem.


The present study aimed to detect the impact of motor activities in the Portage program for early intervention in the development of self-concept in children with Down syndrome in kindergarten in the state of Kuwait. The study sample consisted of 20 children with Down syndrome who suffer from a lack of motor skills and self-concept. Therefore, they were divided into two equal groups, one experimental motor skill training using the Portage program for early intervention and the other controls remained in normal circumstances. The researchers applied pre and post test to measure the groups motor skills, and measure of self-concept, then the statistical processing was performed. the level of )0.01) among the averages of the two experimental and control groups in the application of the post measuring motor skills in favor of the differences at the level of )0.01) among the average scores of the two experimental and control group in the application of the post measuring selfconcept in favor of the experimental group. It also shows the presence of the experimental group in the application of post measuring motor skills and measuring self-concept.


In this note, we show that various (geometric/homological) finiteness properties are not profinite properties. For example, for all positive integers k and ℓ, there exist two finitely generated residually finite groups Γ1 and Γ2 with isomorphic profinite completions, such that Γ1 is strictly of type Fk and Γ2 of type Fℓ.


MOTIVATION
The CloneIt program searches for sub-cloning strategies, in-frame deletions and frameshifts within a plasmid sequence.

AVAILABILITY
The program, written in ANSI-C language, is available at http://locus.jouy.inra.fr/soft/cloneit/clonei t.html

CONTACT
email@example.com


Weak evidence suggests that opioids reduce chronic noncancer pain in some highly selected patients, although the effects on quality of life and functional status are unclear.1 Many patients will discontinue opioids because of adverse effects or inadequate pain relief.


This paper deals with the implementation of data driven techniques, Principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher Discriminant analysis (FDA), for fault detection and identification in coupled liquid tank system (CLTS). A CLTS is used as a non-linear benchmark in control engineering. PCA transforms the higher dimensional data to a lower dimension, while FDA extracts the discriminant information for fault diagnosis. Actuator and sensor faults are detected. Multiple faults are detected simultaneously by using T2 - statistics and Q - statistics(SPE). Component fault is not detected by common Fault detection and isolation (FDI) schemes, but data driven techniques are applied to detect such faults as well. PCA has limitations for fault identification purpose, while FDA performance for component fault detection and fault identification is significantly better then PCA.


This article introduces a novel family of decentralised caching policies for wireless networks, referred to as spatial multi-LRU. Based on these, cache inventories are updated in a way that provides content diversity to users that are covered by, and thus have access to, more than one station. Two variations are proposed, the multi-LRU-One and -All, which differ in the number of replicas inserted in the involved edge caches. Che-like approximations are proposed to accurately predict their hit probability under the Independent Reference Model (IRM). For IRM traffic multi-LRU-One outperforms multi-LRU-All, whereas when the traffic exhibits temporal locality the -All variation can perform better.


The purposes of this study were to explain the effects of implicit instructions to teach refusal strategies on student's sociopragmatic competences, to explain the effects of implicit instructions to teach refusal strategies on student's pragmalinguistic competences, to explain the effects of explicit instructions to teach refusal strategies on student's sociopragmatic competences, to explain the effects of explicit instructions to teach refusal strategies on student's pragmalinguistic competences, to explain the differences between implicit and explicit instructions to teach refusal strategies on student's sociopragmatic competences, to explain the differences between implicit and explicit instructions to teach refusal strategies on student's pragmalinguistic competences, and to explain the interaction among instructions, refusal strategies, with the students' sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competences.
This study is a quantitative research by using experimental factorial design 2x2. The samples of the study were the 80 students consisting of 40 students. There were two classes. The first experiment and second experiment class. The first experiment class used the treatment implicit and the second experiment class used the treatment explicit. Try out was conducted to measure validity and reliability. After the treatment, they were given DCT consisting of 12 items in 60 minutes. Two-ways ANOVA was conducted to test the hypothesis, two ways analysis of variance with F-test at the 5% (0.05) level of significance.
The findings of this study show that (1) the implicit that has effect in teaching refusal strategies on students sociopragmatic competences (2) the implicit that has effect in teaching refusal strategies on students pragmalinguistic competences (3) the explicit that has effect in teaching refusal strategies on students sociopragmatic competences (4) the explicit that has effect in teaching refusal strategies on students pragmalinguistic competences (5) the explicit that has better effect than implicit in teaching refusal strategies on students sociopragmatic competences (6) the explicit that has better effect than implicit in teaching refusal strategies on students pragmalinguistic competences (7) there is no interaction among instructions, refusal, and students' pragmatic competence.
To sum up, there are significant differences of the effect of implicit and explicit instruction for enhancing students' pragmatic competence. However, there is no interaction among instructions, refusal, and students' pragmatic competence.

The results of the study revealed that the mean score of post-test in implicit instruction on students' sociopragmatic was 80.00 while explicit 92.550. Meanwhile, the mean score of post-test in implicit instruction on students' pragmalinguistic was 83.000 while explicit 95.5000. it could be concluded that explicit has better effect to teach refusal strategies than implicit instruction on students' sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competence based on the difference

the explicit instruction was better than impicit instruction to teach refusal strategies on students' sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competence. It can be concluded that, there was the effect between explicit and implicit instruction on students' sociopragmatic ad pragmalinguistic competence.
The present study to prove the effects of teaching pragmatic competence. It is expected that addressing pragmatic issues in language teaching would raise learners' of pragmatic competence and contribute to EFL pragmatic learning.


Introduction : oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF) is related to juxta epithelial inflammatory response followed by a fibroelastic change of the lamina propria, with epithelial atrophy leading to stiffness of the oral mucosa, causing trismus and inability to eat.
Methods and Materials: The suitability standards for studies were: Research Articles that studied the metabolic activities in oral submucous fibrosis mainly caused by some carcinogenic substances or chemicals which may present in tobacco, alcohol, cigarettes, pan-masala etc Reference list of selected articles and reviews on the topic also were searched. studies were extracted, A total of 90-100 studies were extracted, using the keywords oral submucous fibrosis, oral potentially malignant lesion and diagnosis, collagen synthesis etc.,
Results: cancer risk among these patients, periodic biopsies of suspicious regions of the oral mucosa are essential for the early detection and management of high?risk oral premalignant lesions and prevention of cancer.
Conclusion: OSMF is hardly recognized and is poorly understood across the globe. significant improvement in management, nor reduction in its high malignant transformation rate. Better integration of medical and dental services, especially in developing countries, may reduce patients' suffering and improve their life quality.


Despite of Cloud infrastructures can be used as High Performance Computing (HPC) platforms, many issues from virtualization overhead had kept them unrelated. However, with advent of container-based virtualizers, this scenario acquires new perspectives because this technique promises to decrease the virtualization overhead, achieving a near-native performance. In this work, we analyzed the performance of a container-based virtualization solution - Linux Container (LXC) - against a hyper visor-based virtualization solution - KVM - under HPC activities. For our experiments, we considered CPU and communication (network and inter-process communication), and results showed the virtualizer type can impact distinctly in performance according to resource used by application.


In a world dominated by technology and effectiveness measured by what can be calculated and applied only technically (that is to say, without a genuine, profound relationship with lived experience, which includes also imponderable aspects of the world), the reviewed book by Catherine Homan seems to be like water to a desert, wind to a face burned by the sun, air to breath, a glimpse of sense for education and its philosophy. In the book, issues of poetry, education, play, as well as the categories of the "in-between" and experience—of such vital importance for contemporary hermeneutics—are interwoven into a voice that calls us and teaches us to listen, just like a genuine piece of art can do. Due to my fascination with the experience and the phenomenon of listening, I particularly appreciate the passages or—to be more precise—the sentences that highlight the significance of art, which can teach us to listen. Homan takes the hermeneutic account seriously, and shows us how she listens to particular authors (Gadamer, Celan, Hölderlin, Fink, Nietzsche, Kant, Schiller, Plato, Aristotle, Shaftesbury, Anzaldúa, Alcoff, and others), while at the same time trying to shed light on the issue of poetic education. In the "Introduction," Homan demonstrates how poetry as a teacher of humanity—Homer's standpoint, often repeated by ancient and modern thinkers— makes our ears more perceptive to what poets say or whisper to us through and thanks to it,


This article analyzed Heo Jeon's Theory of Governance or Kyung-se-ron(經世論). The theory is the result of arduous study by Heojeon, a 66-year-old master Confucian, who acknowledged paradox of 19th century Korean society and tried to resolve it. The theory reflected both historical reality of the era and the scholar's status. As a member of Seongho Hakpa(星湖學派), he also tried to understand and resolve social problems following Confucian value system. The ideal country the scholar dreamt of was, after all, the country of virtue where the noble scholars, or Sajok(士族) ruled the country based on agriculture-based economy. He thought the ideal common people of such country should work hard on the field and gingerly respect the reign led by ideal noble scholars, who should participate in the politics and lead the people to the virtuous way. Therefore in his theory, education of the noble scholars was always emphasized. He also criticized the reality that talented scholars get no job in the government, but his scholars were the noble ones. However, the theory did not ignore common people. The fact that he chose 'To Select the Right Official' as the first item of his theory, reflects his analysis that Yimsool Minran was caused by greedy officials steal from the common people. He therefore emphasized the importance of 'Selecting the right Officials' and 'Letting the Commoners Speak' through official channels. He also emphasized the regulation of monetary circulation, for he thought that both personal ownership for the fields and paying tax with money impoverish the people. In conclusion, Heojeon, as devoted Confucian scholar, couldn't think of other options than noble scholars as politicians, Confucianism as chief philosophy, and agriculture as the center of economy. In his mind, an ideal country should be agriculture-centered, and distribution of wealth should be based on the agriculture. That is why he lectured King Chuljong of 'the essence of study' and strengthening education for noble scholars.


Increasing understanding of the role that secure water resources tenure plays in ensuring sustainable livelihoods, just resource governance, environmental protection, and sustainable economic development has led FAO to re-kindle the debate that had begun in 2012, when the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGT) were adopted by FAO, and that had culminated in 2016 with the publication of the FAO seminal study "Exploring the concept of water tenure". Picking up from where that FAO publication had left off, an Expert Roundtable on Water Tenure was convened by FAO in Rome, in December 2019, to begin the process of developing a common conceptualization of water tenure and its scope within the broader context of water resources and tenure governance. Strengthening the position of individuals and communities within the political economy of water resources governance, particularly for the rural poor whose livelihoods and food security depend on secure and equitable access to water and land was central to the debates.


Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) crystallizes in the hexagonal wurtzite structure with Zn and O planes alternatively stacked along the c axis. Thus, differently terminated ZnO surfaces, i.e., a Zn-terminated (0001) surface (ZnO-Zn) and an O-terminated (000-1) surface (ZnO-O), are obtained when the crystal is cleaved perpendicular to the c axis. Since Zn atoms and O atoms of ZnO are positively and negatively charged, respectively, these surfaces are electrically polarized. In principle, such polar surfaces are unstable because of a nonvanishing dipole moment perpendicular to the surface plane, and surface reconstruction is often induces to quench the surface dipole. However, it is known that that the polar ZnO surfaces exhibit (1x1) low-energy electron diffraction patters, implying that the surfaces are truncated by the Zn and O atoms with (1x1) structures on ZnO-Zn and ZnO-O, respectively. Therefore, it is interesting to know how the difference in the atomic composition of these surfaces affects the surface electronic structure. In the present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study, we have carried out comparative measurements of the valence electronic structure of ZnO-Zn and ZnO-O. It is found that two bulk-related bands are observed between 4 and 8 eV. They exhibit different dispersion widths depending on the polar surfaces. A possible effect of surface morphology of polar ZnO is discussed.


We investigate the UV–optical (longward of Lyα 1216 Å) spectral variability of nearly 9000 quasars (0 < z < 4) using multi-epoch photometric data within the SDSS Stripe 82 region. The regression slope in the flux–flux space of a quasar light curve directly measures the color of the flux difference spectrum, then the spectral shape of the flux difference spectra can be derived by taking a careful look at the redshift dependence of the regression slopes. First, we confirm that the observed quasar spectrum becomes bluer when the quasar becomes brighter. We infer the spectral index of the composite difference spectrum as (in the form of ), which is significantly bluer than that of the composite spectrum . We also show that the continuum variability cannot be explained by accretion disk models with varying mass accretion rates. Second, we examine the effects of broad emission line variability on the color–redshift space. The variability of the "Small Blue Bump" is extensively discussed. We show that the low-ionization lines of Mg ii and Fe ii are less variable compared to Balmer emission lines and high-ionization lines, and the Balmer continuum is the dominant variable source around ∼3000 Å. These results are compared with previous studies, and the physical mechanisms of the variability of the continuum and emission lines are discussed.


I see your face across busy rooms, or in a street of strangers.Your face familiar and wry, eyebrows leaping with the furious farce of it all, your tears of wicked enjoyment...


The development of fluorescence light sheets and expansion microscopy (ExM) in recent years enables the visualization of detailed neural structures to help unlock the secrets of neural functioning. Deep learning techniques have then become essential tools to process the ever-increasing amount of high-quality and high-resolution images. In this study, we developed a single-scale deconvolution model for extracting multiscale deconvoluted response (MDR) from the volumes of microscopy images of neurons and generative models to translate images between the lateral and axial views. The results demonstrated that deep learning as a promising tool in approving image volume quality and comprehension of structural information of light sheet microscopy. Figure 1: proposed workflow


Abstract This paper offers a spatial reading of Joyce Carol Oates's We Were the Mulvaneys (1996). It argues that restructured domestic spaces depicted in the novel underscore the possibility of alternate homesteads that celebrate female choice and autonomy. Since We Were the Mulvaneys presents various models of domesticity coupled with a variety of domestic spaces that range from stifling to empowering, this paper engages specifically with architectural and symbolic connotations of suburban American homes depicted in the novel. In doing so, it argues that We Were the Mulvaneys critiques hegemonic social forces that create oppressive homes fettering womanhood, and how while seeking freedom and agency women can convert them to felicitous spaces. Using the concept of heterotopia, this paper asserts that the novel presents in-between zones wherein the patriarchal home is challenged and countered to produce hybrid homesteads that uncritically accommodate multifarious female identities.


In recent years, higher voltage direct current (HVDC) distribution systems have been developed to reduce power consumption in telecommunication buildings and data centers. Thus, a demonstration test has been conducted to determine the energy efficiency, power stability, and safety of the HVDC system. The demonstration test was conducted in an in-service data center. The test results show that the HVDC system is 5.8% more efficient than the existing AC system. It was also found that servers that were altered for HVDC use could reduce the power consumption by up to 7%. According to the results of simulations including the effect of air conditioning, HVDC system could reduce the total power consumption by 15%. These test results also show that the HVDC system has no problem in operation in terms of power stability and safety.


The aims of this clinical forum were to consider communication, ageing, and lifelong disability and the variety of roles that speech pathologists might fulfill working with older people with a lifelong disability. It is clear that speech pathologists not only have a role but also a research agenda that has yet to be developed and pursued. There is consensus that speech pathologists could appropriately take up the challenge of working with older people with a lifelong disability and that this is a group that to date has been overlooked in communicat ion research and intervention (see the commentaries in this issue by McCallion, Murphy, Roberts, and Sheppard). However, in discussing the issues of communication, ageing, and lifelong disability, the authors raise a number of issues that previously have not been considered. For example, Murphy notes that people with a disability may have problems in developing friendships and relationships and may rely on service providers and paid employees for friendship.


This paper investigates the behavior of the noisy Min-Sum decoder over binary symmetric channels. A noisy decoder is a decoder running on a noisy device, which may introduce errors during the decoding process. We show that in some particular cases, the noise introduce by the device can help the Min-Sum decoder to escape from fixed points attractors, and may actually result in an increased correction capacity with respect to the noiseless decoder. We also reveal the existence of a specific threshold phenomenon, referred to as functional threshold. The behavior of the noisy decoder is demonstrated in the asymptotic limit of the code-length, by using "noisy" density evolution equations, and it is also verified in the finite-length case by Monte-Carlo simulation.


A 60-day long aquarium trial have been conducted in laboratory condition to evaluate the growth performance of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed with different types of synbiotics. Twenty-five homogenous fry were randomly assigned into four different treatments with three replications. Fish were fed with experimental diets containing 0.3% probiotic (PBO)+1.5% molasses, 0.3% PBO+1.5% yeast and 0.3% PBO+1.5% sugar and marked as T1 T4 (control), T2, T3 and T4 and fish in control were feed with commercial diet. Length and weight were recorded in every 10 days and at the end of trial blood sample were collected for hematological analysis. The showed the significantly highest growth performance among treatments and the differences between T1 and T2 found as nonsignificant (P0.05). Hematological analysis showed significant changes among the treatments for hemoglobin, Red Blood Cell (RBC) count and White Blood Cell (WBC) count (P>0.05). All treatments showed a better growth performance in compared to the control group. Finally, present results revealed that synbiotics might modulate the growth performances, hematological indices, and health condition in O. niloticus.


The chromotherapy room is a novel space that has been created for the care of students with intellectual disabilities and serious difficulties with emotional control. These students suffer from emotional outbursts that are hard to bring under control and/or stop with traditional techniques such as behavior modification, relaxation, or cognitive-behavioral therapy. These negative situations affect classroom management and the students themselves, which is why we have created the chromotherapy room as a new educational space where students have "time away to regain their composure." The therapeutic use of color, combined with aromatherapy and music therapy, makes it easier for the student to return to a calm state more quickly than in other school-related environments, and it reduces the occurrence of self-inflicted harm. This space is useful because it gives dignity to very vulnerable individuals who suffer when they experience uncontrollable emotional states.


The NG2 proteoglycan promotes tumor growth as a component of both tumor and stromal cells. Using intracranial, NG2‐negative B16F10 melanomas, we have investigated the importance of PC and Mac NG2 in brain tumor progression. Reduced melanoma growth in Mac‐NG2ko and PC‐NG2ko mice demonstrates the importance of NG2 in both stromal compartments. In each genotype, the loss of PC–endothelial cell interaction diminishes the formation of endothelial junctions and assembly of the basal lamina. Tumor vessels in Mac‐NG2ko mice have smaller diameters, reduced patency, and increased leakiness compared to PC‐NG2ko mice, thus decreasing tumor blood supply and increasing hypoxia. While the reduced PC interaction with endothelial cells in PC‐NG2ko mice results from the loss of PC activation of β1 integrin signaling in endothelial cells, reduced PC–endothelial cell interaction in Mac‐NG2ko mice results from 90% reduced Mac recruitment. The absence of Mac‐derived signals in Mac‐NG2ko mice causes the loss of PC association with endothelial cells. Reduced Mac recruitment may be due to diminished activation of integrins in the absence of NG2, causing decreased Mac interaction with endothelial adhesion molecules that are needed for extravasation. These results reflect the complex interplay that occurs between Mac, PC, and endothelial cells during tumor vascularization.


For large scale applications, such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), or power tools, the rate capability of the battery is one of the most important factors in choosing battery. In HEV, the materials in the rechargeable battery must be able to charge sufficiently fast to take advantage of regenerative braking. In power tools, the output current should be high enough to give the desirable power. The high power requires the Li diffusion should take place fast enough to supply the electrical current. Especially, Li diffusion in the electrode is considered to be critical in supporting the rate capability, since the Li diffusivity in the electrode is usually orders of magnitude lower than that in the electrolyte [1-4]. . The systematic study of Li diffusion by experiments is often very complicated due to many external factors involved such as the different grain size, morphology, amounts of defects in the structure and so on [3, 5-14]. In our work we use first principles computations of the activation barrier for Li motion to understand how different structural aspects affect it. Many researchers have suspected that Li slab space, cation mixing and the different metals in transition metal layer could affect the Li mobility in the layered structure [15-17]. It is investigated how and to what extent they affect the Li mobility. The dependence of the activation barrier for the Li motion on the lattice parameter, Li slab space, transition metal species, cation mixing, nontransition metal doping and anion species within this structure will be studied quantitively using first principles calculations.


The use of variable frequency drives in centrifugal pump applicationshas raised the question of how to select a drive. Clogging obstacles inwaste water applications create unknown transient loads for the pumpsystem. A sudden load increase occurrence can clog the pump if thedrive cannot supply enough current to reach the motor's torque demand.In order to select a suitable drive, an empirical approach has been implemented,investigating three different drives. Results have shown thatselecting a drive with the highest possible overload capabilities, evenif for a short time is most suitable. Operation in vector speed controlgives the most reliable operation if an automatic parameter tuning isperformed by the drive.


Colorization of gray scale images is an appealing application of image processing. This work presents a technique of the gray image coloring. Here is introduced a general technique for "colorizing" grayscale images by transferring color between a source, color image and a destination or target, grayscale image. The approach presented here attempts to provide a method to help minimize the amount of human labor required for this task. Here we transfer the entire color "mood" of the source to the target image by matching luminance and texture information between the images. This work presents a technique of the gray image coloring, achieved using a very simple algorithm, and its core strategy is to choose a suitable color space and then to apply simple operations there. This work demonstrates that a color space with decorrelated axes is a useful tool for manipulating color images. Colorization of a gray scale image is achieved here by imposing mean and standard deviation onto the data points is a simple operation, which produces believable output images given suitable input images.


In three patients, bronchopleural fistula developed after right pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma. In each instance, radiologic and clinical evidence was inconclusive. Xenon 133 regional ventilation-perfusion studies confirmed the diagnosis of a bronchopleural fistula in both the immediate and late postoperative periods.


Foreign language learners are commonly taught explicit rules of grammar, but often fail to apply them when confronted with communicative tasks. The article provides analyses on linguistic errors encountered by teachers during language teaching processes effected in homogeneous, all-Czech groups participating in language courses. Additionally, the article discusses the problem of comprehending the glottodidactical (language education) process within the context of a particular communicative situation (cognitive approach). The main focus of the study relates to competitive planes that are subject to the occurence of linguistic interference. A particular attention is given to pronunciation, grammar (inflection and syntax), and to lexis. For primarily Czech-speaking users of the Polish language, the biggest difficulty as far as the pronunciation is concerned, is the pronunciation of alveolo-palatal consonants and palatal hard consonants that are not appropriately differntiated in their realisation (this refers in particular to [ś] and [s], but also to [c] and [c] ). A similar problem occurs in vowels – a hard vowel [y] is frquently replaced by a soft vowel [i]. A considerable number of occurences of the dental-alveolar [l] in place of the expected [] is identified and discussed. Within the domain of inflection, the article addresses the problem of the apparent equivalence at the level of the plural nominative and singular genetive of masculine nouns (the occurence of regular interference has been demonstrated), whereas a syntactical analysis has made it possible to indicate modifications at the linear level of utterances that are mainly related to an erroneous location of the Polish reflexive pronoun "sie". With regard to lexis, the division of difficulties to be found within the glottodidactical process is raised (semantic, stylistical and onimic difficulties). Additionally, the article discusses the danger of the abuse of colloquial vocabulary in communiques created in informal situations. Key words: teaching of Polish as


Gastrointestinal (GI) and biliary disorders are the most commonly known health issues for people in the present time as a consequence of modern lifestyle, eating habits, stress, and many other conditions. The usage of traditional substances has been phased out over time, resulting in an increase in the occurrence of numerous diseases and a decrease in immunity. Therefore, in the current scenario, traditional medicine is increasingly being used to treat and manage diseases worldwide. Traditional medical systems of India, China, and Africa are the most frequently used today. Indian medicinal system includes the Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani systems of medicine. Ayurveda is the most antique system of medicine, which relies on the usage of plant-based formulations. Herbal medicines are used nowadays by up to half of the world's population. Phytomedicines isolated from plants contain a wide variety of bioactive components that can have both negative and positive effects. Many herbal plants, such as Acacia, Aloe, Carum, Rose, Funnel, etc., are proven to be effective as phytomedicines that are effective for the cure of gastrointestinal and biliary problems. The available pharmacological therapeutic drugs often have efficacy but are associated with many adverse effects. To minimize the adverse effects, the use of phytomedicines can be the best possible alternative. In this study, a review of some of the most frequently used traditional herbal medicine isolates with their proven pharmacological activity and novel drug delivery systems for the proper delivery of isolates is presented. Moreover, currently available herbal-marketed formulations are also highlighted.


Biological Microelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMS) are promising devices for healthcare and biomedical applications. This research deals with the investigation of titanium nitride (TiN) as a material for nanoelectrodes for application in a BioMEMS device. The aim of the presented research is to qualify TiN as potential material to replace platinum (Pt) as electrode material in such a device. Initially some requirements for the nanoelectrodes are defined. These are: low resistivity, catalytic activity, chemical stability, smooth surface, and suitability for high-volume manufacture. The three main aspects are deposition of functional TiN films, investigation of methods for etching, and electrochemical characterization of the resulting TiN electrodes. The processed TiN films and processing methods are examined regarding the above-mentioned requirements.


This paper introduces the experience of optimizing the material,the plate pattern of the double disc refiner and refining technology to improve the bonding ability of the fibers therefore to upgrade the physical strength of the stainless steel interleaving paper.


The invention discloses a self-adapting speed regulating device for a tunnel boring machine, which comprises a cutting part (1) and an electric control system (7), wherein the cutting part (1) comprises a speed reduction unit (13) and a double-speed cutting motor (15), the electric control system comprises a switch cabinet (20) and an operating box (19), a torque sensor (14) is arranged between the speed reduction unit and the double-speed cutting motor, and the torque sensor (14) is electrically connected with the controller of the switch cabinet (20). According to the real-time measurement values of the torque sensor and the real-time power values of the double-speed cutting motor, the electric control system completes the self-adapting regulation of low-speed under-load acceleration, high-speed overload deceleration and low-speed overload protection, so as to adapt to the continuous tunneling coal mining operation and increase the work efficiency and economic value of the tunnel boring machine. The output torque and output power of the cutting motor are monitored in real time, so that the cutting motor can work more reliably and stably.


Introduction: The current study compared the amount of bleeding in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing lumbar disc and cerebral hemorrhage surgery in Birjand teaching hospitals within 2017-2018.
Methods: This retrospective quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a nonequivalent group design. It was performed on patients within the age range of 18-75 years undergoing spinal surgery and cerebral hemorrhage who were referred to Imam Reza (AS) and Razi hospitals in Birjand within 2017-2018. Patient information was retrospectively collected using their medical records. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version16) using the independent t-test, paired t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A number of 36 and 35 patients underwent propofol and isoflurane anesthesia, respectively. Both groups were individually matched on gender, and the propofol patients were not significantly younger than the isoflurane patients (P=0.006). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of pre- and postoperative bleeding, hemoglobin level, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Preoperative hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in the propofol group were reported as 13.8±1.69 g/dl, 127.2±15 mmHg, and 80±8 mmHg, respectively. These values decreased to 13.03±2.01 g/dl (P=0.0001), 122.3±12.8 mmHg (P=0.079), and 76.5±9.7 mmHg (P=0.034) postoperatively. On the other hand, in the isoflurane group, preoperative hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were obtained at 13.7±1.62 g/dl, 128.4±18 mmHg, and 78.5±12.6 mmHg, respectively. These values also decreased to 12.8±1.9 g/dl (P=0.0001), 124.1±15.8 mmHg (P=0.217), and 76.0±11.9 mmHg (P=0.365) postoperatively.
Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, the amount of bleeding is similar in patients undergoing central nervous system surgery under either propofol or isoflurane anesthesia. Nevertheless, hypotension was higher in propofol-anesthetized patients. Inhaled anesthesia is advantageous over propofol anesthesia due to the possibility of metabolic acidosis in patients with controlled hypotension.


Cattle are infected with trypanosomosis through the bite of tsetse flies carrying the pathogenic protozoa, causing anaemia, weight loss, pyrexia, abortion, reduced milk yield and, in the absence of treatment, death inter alia (Eisler et al., 2004). With an estimated number of 46 million cattle to be at risk of contracting the disease in tropical Africa (Kristjanson et al., 1999), trypanosomosis is ranked among the ten most severe cattle diseases affecting the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa (Thornton et al., 2002). Tolerant livestock shows the heritable ability to survive, reproduce and gain weight under natural trypanosome challenge without the aid of trypanocidal drug treatment (Murray et al., 1982). The heritable component of any phenotype is very important because it is the only or one of the major genetic parameters that determines how much improvement we can make regardless of environmental or non-genetic input. Genetic components of phenotypic variations also function as sustainable animal breeding tools since genetic superiority once achieved is inheritable and can be maintained over generations. Together with heritability as a predictor of response to selection (Dolan, 1987), genetic correlations give evidence for indirect selection response in correlated traits (Lynch and Walsh, 1998). Hence estimated heritability and genetic correlations are important population parameters to decide which of the targeted traits promise the best results in a selection process. The present study on phenotypic and genetic population parameters is based on the defined trypanotolerance criteria and dataset from a crossbreeding experiment with N'Dama and Boran cattle used by Hanotte et al. (2003) for the purpose of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL).


Within the embeded system, the normal way of updating kernel or file systemis connecting the to-be-updated board to the hostviaJTAG port, serial port or network port. A more convenient way is discussed of auto-updating in RedBoot, and described howto enhance Redboot s function to realize the auto-updating of embeded sys-tem.


This is the first report from the EPA estimating the cost of technology for mitigating pollution that might arise from geothermal power systems. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has taken an initial step towards the establishment of regulatory standards for the geothermal industry by preparing a document entitled Pollution Control Guidance for Geothermal Energy Development. This report supports that document by providing pollution control cost information. The objective of this report is to provide preliminary cost estimates for air and water pollution treatment and disposal technologies applicable for geothermal energy conversion systems. Cost estimates include both annualized capital investment and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs for various levels of environmental requirements. [DJE-2005]


Lossless data compressors strive to find a minimal size representation for a given source's output. Commonly used compression algorithms such as Lempel-Ziv, Huffman and arithmetic coding can be shown to achieve source entropy under ideal conditions. In practice however, the performance of these algorithms is limited by issues such as finite-memory in the coder and non-stationary source statistics. This paper presents results from our study of universal adaptive data compression algorithms for non-stationary sources with memory. We argue that by using a "clever" update algorithm, coupled with a compact data structure, a compressor can achieve a more compact data representation than that produced by a non-adaptive or weakly adaptive one. We present update heuristics that can be used. Further, an analytical framework for adaptive compressors is developed, along with an intuitive justification in the context of Kolmogorov complexity. Our study concentrates on dictionary style compressors such as the Lempel-Ziv algorithm and its avatars. However, the ideas contained herein can also be applied to source modeling processes that are used in arithmetic and Huffman type coders. The concepts presented are used in a new lossless compression algorithm for wide band audio.<<ETX>>


The national school lunch program (NSLP) is crucial for providing healthy, inexpensive, or free lunches to children, thus benefiting society. Designing a distribution network for the program requires solving a location and routing problem. In this paper, first, we formulate a multi-objective non-linear integer programming formulation of the problem. Next, we develop a two-step approach since the problem is Np-hard. The first stage presents a K-mean clustering method that deals with routing decisions by determining the locations of food processing centers and allocating schools to these centers. The second stage offers a multi-objective mixed-integer linear mathematical model for finding the locations of distribution centers. Besides economic and environmental factors, we optimize travel time in the network as perishable items are involved. A weighted sum approach is presented for different weights of objectives. We provide a real case study in Turkey to demonstrate the applicability of the two-stage approach proposed in this study. The numerical results provide valuable information for decision-makers and authorities to prioritize and prepare action plans.


Through introducing the development situation of Ginkgo Biloba extract( GBE) market at home and abroad and analyzing the plight which our GBE industry is facing,practical advice and help were put forward to provide reference for our GBE industry. Literature study and statistical analysis were the major study methods.Based on the study results,it was recognized that as the competition in domestic market is fierce,and the existing quality standards is low,the adulteration of our GBE products becomes more and more serious. This not only affects the GBE products quality,but also seriously damages our international reputation and hinders the development of export trade. In view of the above problems,we canpromote the healthy development of our GBE industry by perfecting the quality control specification,integrating the existing processing and manufacturing enterprises,enhancing the industry's research and development ability as well as production technology,and other measures.


Antiresorptive drugs have had an enormous impact on the therapy of osteoporosis. By inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption but via different mechanisms, drugs like alendronate and raloxifene reduce bone dynamics that are typically elevated in postmenopausal women. Accelerated bone resorption is believed to be a major pathogenetic mechanism in postmenopausal bone loss, and antiresorptive drugs can return to the premenopausal range the somewhat elevated levels of bone turnover found in such women. However, none of the available antiresorptive drugs restores bone density from osteoporotic to normal levels, nor is fracture incidence reduced to premenopausal levels. Clearly, there are factors beyond bone turnover, like age, that are important in the interplay between drug efficacy and fracture. Nevertheless, it is tempting to consider the possibility that combination therapy with antiresorptive drugs, either through additive effects on suppression of bone turnover or through other as yet unknown mechanisms, might provide benefits over and above what could be achieved with either one alone. There have been and will be more clinical trials to test this hypothesis. In this issue of JCEM, Johnell et al. (1) report on their study of combination therapy with alendronate and raloxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The results of this well-designed clinical trial indicate that the combined use of these two drugs is associated with increased bone density and lower bone turnover markers than one can achieve with either drug alone. For most parameters, the difference between single therapy and combination therapy was significant when raloxifene was the comparative single agent but not so when alendronate was the comparative single agent. These results suggest that one can achieve greater changes in two surrogate markers of therapeutic efficacy, reduced bone turnover, and increased bone density when alendronate is used in combination with raloxifene, but not when raloxifene is used in combination with alendronate. One of the major drawbacks of this and all other combination therapy protocols to date is that there are no data on fracture incidence. It remains to be seen whether any of the combination antiresorptive approaches (2, 3) will be associated with reductions in fracture incidence that are greater than what can be achieved with monotherapy. Based on the bone marker data, there is reason to expect that greater fracture efficacy might be the case, at least when alendronate is "added" to a raloxifene regimen. Furthermore, the analysis by Johnnell et al. (1) indicate that in most, but not all, respects, the additivity of gains in bone density or reductions in bone turnover with combination therapy were noninteracting, suggesting that effects of alendronate and raloxifene were independent of each other. What are the practical implications of this important study? First, the data suggest that in selected patients for whom there is an urgency to deal with fracture risk in a manner that is of the highest order, perhaps combination antiresorptive therapy would be more efficacious than treatment with either agent alone. The study by Johnell et al. (1) did not consider these agents in any sequence, so inference regarding the addition of one antiresorptive after another one has been started is speculative. Nevertheless, the results do suggest that greater effects might be achieved in certain settings if alendronate were added to a regimen of raloxifene. The converse, namely adding raloxifene to a patient who is receiving monotherapy with alendronate, would be more problematical because changes in bone density and bone turnover with combination therapy in most respects were not different from the results with alendronate alone. Without any information on the key endpoint of fracture, one cannot be sure that combination therapy would be better even if the surrogate markers suggest this to be the case. What are the potential disadvantages to combination therapy with antiresorptive drugs? First, combination therapy is more expensive than monotherapy. One always has to bear in mind additional costs in relation to potential benefit. A second potential disadvantage to combination antiresorptive therapy is that bone turnover could be reduced to levels that adversely affect skeletal mineralization. Under usual therapeutic circumstances, the percentage of bone that is mineralized (subsequently referred to as mineralization) is increased when bone turnover is reduced. The magnitude of this effect was demonstrated by Boivin et al. (4) finding that most of the increase in osteoporotic women's bone mineral density observed with alendronate treatment over 3 yr could be accounted for by augmented mineralization. Although some increase in mineralization should increase bone strength, an excessive degree of mineralization seems to alter the quality of bone (5). The scenario is a simple one. Bone turnover is reduced to such an extent that the material properties of bone are affected because progressively greater mineralization causes bones to become more and more brittle. Such hypermature bone that is not being renewed by remodeling mechanisms could be more likely to fracture. To date, there is no hard evidence that fracture risk is affected in human subjects, although animal data support the idea (6). With the advent of technologies to measure mineralization density directly, compared with bone density, we may be able to monitor this important parameter directly (7, 8). Only then will it be possible to measure the relationships between changes in mineralization density, bone mineral density, bone markers, and fracture incidence. There are counterarguments to those who worry about oversuppression of bone turnover. For example, Johnell et al. (1) showed that with only one parameter of bone turnover, 0013-7227/02/$15.00/0 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 87(3):983–984 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 2002 by The Endocrine Society


The invention discloses a method for switching contextual modes of a mobile terminal. The method comprises the steps that the mobile terminal acquires color information around the mobile terminal; the mobile terminal generates the switching signal of the corresponding contextual modes according to the color information; the mobile terminal is switched into the corresponding contextual modes according to the switching signals of the contextual modes. The invention further discloses the mobile terminal used for achieving the method. Through the method, the contextual modes can be switched by distinguishing colors, and therefore cost can be saved, and power consumption can be reduced.


"The primary topic of this practitioner-led research is mentoring. The aim is to gain an
insight from the perspective of the young person, into the relationship between the
mentor and the mentee as a young person. The study aims to explore the benefits of
mentoring for young people and further explore what constitutes an effective
mentoring relationship. Some insight into mentoring and integrated working is also
intended.
Six young people participated in the research. All participants were male and were
from different ethnic backgrounds." - Page 3.


The conventional 3-Level LLC Converter using frequency-control has a disadvantage of designing magnetic components. To overcome this problem, a new constant frequency phase-shift controlled three-level LLC converter is proposed. Moreover, by employing voltage doubler type rectifier, an additional resonant capacitor is not needed. Therefore, this converter is promising for the high-power, high-voltage application with simple structure.


This paper analyzes the land construction statistical data of in Chizhou from 2000 by using the information entropy,equilibrium degree index,construction land change characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that construction land expansion trend rapidly expanding in Chizhou since 2000,rationality is gradually improving,for building the diversity of degree and land use structure tends to balance.The cause of construction land change driving force was analyzed based on Principal component analysis.The policy adjustment that came from the state and government to Chizhou is the first driving force of construction land changes and economic development is the second driving force.


This paper describes a couple's contrasting experiences of two home births in different areas of the country. An analysis follows of the actions of the midwives concerned, and suggests the need for different attitudes in the home environment compared to hospital births. It is recommended that midwives should be competent to practise in the home for the safety of the mother and baby, and that the issues raised should be addressed by all concerned with the future of home birth.


The article deals with the constructions of the social problem of HIV/AIDS created by both the authorities and HIV activists in Russia. The work is based on the study of the rhetoric of Russian authorities, participant observations, and interviews with HIV activists. The constructions of HIV/ AIDS that were formed by authorities and HIV activists are significantly different. The Russian President and Prime Minister constructed HIV/AIDS not as an epidemic in the country, but as a "global problem", representing Russia as a participant in the international efforts to combat AIDS. The authorities problematized the spread of the virus through the rhetoric of endangerment, while at the same time de-problematized HIV in Russia with the strategy of naturalizing the issue ("this is a problem that all countries face"). The HIV activists problematized the violations of the rights of people with HIV in public health institutions, the poor quality of antiretroviral therapy, the practice of late treatment, the lack of HIV prevention that includes sex education in schools, and repressive drug policies. Unlike the authorities' construction, the problem constructed by HIV activists does not include the rhetoric of moral values. The main discursive way of problematization used by activists is the anti-discriminating rhetoric of entitlement. At the same time, HIV as a threat and a reason for fear is de-problematized by activists through the strategy of disproving stories where HIV activists talk about themselves, and directly interact with people to eliminate their fear of the virus.