Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the development of murine embryonic pancreas in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Murine embryonic pancreas at 12.5 days of gestation was dissected and cultured at the air-medium interface. At 1, 3, and 7 days of culture, the characteristics of cultured murine pancreas were assayed and compared with that of pancreas in vivo. Results: The percentage of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and neurogenin 3 (Ngn3)-positive cells in pancreas cultured for 1 and 3 days was higher than that of pancreas at 13.5 and 15.5 days of gestation. Importantly, in comparison with embryonic pancreas in vivo, more insulin and glucagon-producing cells were developed in cultured pancreas. Furthermore, insulin was released in a regulated manner in response to glucose. The expressional kinetics of pancreatic markers of cultured pancreas was coincident with that of pancreas in vivo. Conclusions: The development of the murine pancreas cultured at the air-medium interface mimicked that of pancreas in vivo. Our simple culture system might offer the potential of a source of mature &bgr; cells.


Edwin Arlington Robinson is famous for his Tilbury poems which depict a group of incongruous members of the modern society.This paper explores the predicament and the inner struggle of modern man through examining Robinson's Til bury poems,and meanwhile discusses the artistic features which contribute to the success of Tilbury poems.


Based on the above data , we investigate and classify the resources of orchid in Nanyang. Appreciated types of flower,leaf, flower-leaf was classified. we provide the preliminary idea of protection and developing orchid in Nanyang.


The identification of buried archaeological structures, using remote sensing technologies is based on the principle that any buried ruins, either of human or natural origin, affects over time, soil surface characteristics creating anomalies. These anomalies are due to different factors, such as soil physical and chemical features, and vegetation cover status. The above factors are strictly connected and are responsible of surface spectral responses. Several images processing are applied and their results compared in order to define the one that fits better the various archaeological research goals. Among them, Vegetation Indices revealed to be very useful archaeological study. Spectral Vegetation Indices are important products in observing spatial and temporal variations of vegetation biophysical properties and photosynthetic activities, by which is possible to analyse the effects of buried ruins presence on vegetation cover status. The aim of this work is to assess the usefulness of vegetation indices in order to identify archaeological traces and verify the quantitative estimates of presence of buried archaeological structures in every type of elaboration (RVI, VIN, NDVI and SAVI). Statistical analysis were conducted on several Italian archaeological test sites processing by hyperspectral MIVIS (Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer) various typologies of vegetation cover. The study of these anomalies on MIVIS hyperspectral data is the main goal of a research project that the CNR-IIA has carried ahead since 1994 over some archaeological sites: Selinunte, Lilybaeum, Sipontum and Arpi. The Arpi area could be considered as the wider Pre-roman settlement in Italy.


ABSTRACT Accurate sand and dust storm (SDS) detection is important for assessing SDS disaster risk. Machine learning (ML) based SDS detection approaches have been widely used in recent years due to their higher accuracy and better detection results. However, this approach usually requires manual annotation of numerous training samples that are, in practice, laborious and time-consuming. To overcome this challenge, we propose a novel hybrid SDS detection method that combines the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm implemented on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform with a spectral index to aid the automatic labelling of training samples. Based on 8 SDS events captured by MODIS over Arid Central Asia (ACA), the effectiveness and accuracy of this method were assessed and compared to traditional approaches. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can distinguish between mixed pixels (thin cloud and land surface) and SDS pixels and that it minimizes misdetection more effectively. This method achieved more than 98% training accuracy and validation accuracy in SDS detection.


In this paper we consider the problem of nding a feasible routing for one-dimensional transport systems. This problem arises as a subproblem in production planning, when a monorail crane with several crabs is part of the production lane. Practical restrictions like nite speed of crabs and a minimal distance between crabs lead to a special routing problem. We show that this problem corresponds to the geometric problem of covering segments with angle-restricted curves with the additional constraint that all curves have at least distance 1. We prove that this question can be formulated as a shortest path problem. Finally we discuss how the presented algorithm can be used as a module for a greedy-algorithm solving a no-wait scheduling problem.


The paper outlines present trends in the design of highway bridges in Neiv Zealand. It opens with a discussion on foundation investigations and hydrological information for the site. The various types of foundations are described, including spread footings, piles, and cylinders. Some aspects of earth pressures on abutments and the long-term effects on piled foundations are included, together with the correct placing of approach fills. The first part of the paper concludes with a discussion on the resistance against horizontal forces, and the design of piers and abutments against seismic and earth loads. The paper continues with a comparison of design loadings in use in New Zealand and overseas. The main types of structure recently designed are outlined, followed by the distribution of concentrated loads on deck grillage systems. Changes and developments in reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, structural steel, and timber are broadly discussed. The paper is based on the present practices of the Ministry of Works in its work for the National Roads Board. The writers have born in mind that the Ministry of Works Bridge Manual is now out of date in certain sections, and that the revised version now being prepared will not be available for some time.


Issue of child marriage in Indonesia has always been a debate particularly since the rejection of a recent judicial review of the 1974 Marriage Law to raise a minimum marriageable age for girls by Constitutional Court. The judicial review was instigated by the association of women's and youth organizations, Koalisi 18+. The rejection sparks off a debate, especially since a research conducted by UNICEF (2016) had been published, stating that Indonesia ranked seventh with the highest absolute numbers of child marriage. Issues raised by UNICEF are in line with what Koalisi 18+ has voiced. On one side, in addition to violating the Human Rights, child marriage can also bring a harmful loss such as a low rates of health and life expectancy for women and children. It even creates an intergenerational poverty (in Grijns & Horii, 2018). Yet, on the other side, Constitutional Court rejected it with considerations such as religious norms, social norms, as well as customs and traditions. Those debates then are analyzed through a semiotic analysis, a semiosis process by Danesi & Perron (1999). From the analysis, it can be seen that the debates basically originate from the difference between Koalisi 18+ and Constitutional Court in interpreting marriage and its minimum marriageable age. It concludes that marriage in Indonesia is complex and its complexity involve many aspects under a culture sphere such as legal aspect, religiosity, and social norms. Keywords—child marriage; minimum marriageable age; semiosis process; semiotic study


Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for 50% of HF and sudden death is the leading cause of mortality. There are considerable sex differences in cardiac structure and function, which may be related to outcomes in HFpEF. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is antiarrhythmic.

 To describe sex differences in mortality, autonomic tone and ECG parameters in rats with HFpEF and examine the effect of tVNS on these outcomes.

 Dahl salt sensitive (DS) rats of either sex were randomized into high salt (HS, 8% NaCl) or low salt (LS) diet (0.3% NaCl) at 7 weeks of age. After 6 weeks of LS or HS diets, HS rats were randomized to receive active or sham tVNS, 30min daily (20Hz, 3mA) for 4 weeks. The rats were monitored daily for 4 weeks for the development of HFpEF. ECG and echocardiogram were performed at 13 weeks (baseline) and 17 weeks (endpoint). Heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated at the respective time points. ECG and HRV parameters were analyzed in a blinded fashion. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of mortality.

 A total of 58 rats were included (5 male LS, 6 female LS, 22 male HS and 25 female HS). HS rats developed significant hypertension and signs of HFpEF, while 24% of females and 53% of males died (P=0.004). There were 4 sudden cardiac deaths in males (with ventricular tachycardia documented in 1 rat), whereas all the females died of HF or stroke. Corrected QT (QTc) at baseline significantly prolonged in HS compared to LS rats (250.5±14.4ms vs. 226.8±13.9ms, respectively, p=0.0007), while all other ECG parameters did not differ significantly between groups. In HS rats, QTc prolongation was significantly more pronounced in males compared to females (259.4±20.6ms vs. 243.8±14.5ms, respectively, P=0.002). In univariate analysis, prolonged baseline QTc (OR=1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p=0.003) and male sex (OR=3.21, 95% CI 1.19–8.66, p=0.016) predicted mortality. However, in multivariate analysis, QTc was the only significant predictor of mortality (OR=1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p=0.003). After 4 weeks of treatment, active tVNS significantly decreased QTc compared to sham (244.6±13.8ms vs. 255.8±14.0ms, respectively, p=0.017) in both male and female rats in a similar manner. The low frequency to high frequency ratio (LF/HF) of HRV, which reflects sympathovagal balance, was significantly decreased in active tVNS rats compared to sham (0.21±0.13 vs. 0.54±0.14, respectively; p=0.001) in both male and female rats in a similar manner.

 Male rats with HFpEF exhibit worse survival compared to females and are at higher risk for sudden death. QTc prolongation accounts for the increased risk of sudden death in males compared to females. Autonomic modulation with tVNS attenuates the unfavorable changes in QTc and HRV induced by HS diet and may be used to prevent ventricular arrhythmias in patients with HFpEF.


ISSN 0308–0188 My favourite part of a public library has always been the large amorphous section between the pure sciences and the fine arts, usually simply labelled 'the useful arts'. It contains everything from rocketry to crochet, engineering, hobbies, and cookery. Mr Dewey, who devised the absurdly ambitious classification of all human knowledge for libraries, has become a hero of mine. There are many connections between the arts and the sciences, but Mr Dewey's seems particularly strong. The useful arts


This study reports the results of a nationwide evaluation of community development corporations. Collective models of neighborhood economic revitalization are compared with other strategic approaches to community development. Special attention is given to the policy implications of the findings. The future of community development corporations is discussed, especially in light of Reaganomics and the decline in funds for the urban poor.


IIn this article we present the strategies utilized by the Incubadora Tecnologica de Cooperativas Populares (ITCP/FURB) and your implications in the local reality. From the Documental Research, analyzing the period of 2013 to 2019, We discuss the interdisciplinary acts of the ITCP/FURB team, based on a dialogical and transformational perspective, showing the impossibility of separating teaching, research, and extension. It was also identified how the actions of ITCP/FURB affects the local reality, producing social technologies with the intent of capacitating the businesses initiatives, their political articulation, and the qualification of their business actions. We located some difficulties, like the financial resources for the projects execution not being delivered on the correct time, the capacitation of interns and teachers and the political impacts that affect the economy, the structure, and the subjectivity of the businesses and of ITCP/FURB.


Objective:To investigate the influence of hydrocortisone on the procuction of tumor necrosis factor-αand EAAs of astrocytes in the spinal cord of rasts cultured in vitro.Methods:The purified astro-cytes in the spinal cord of rats were cultured in vitro.Then,they were divided into5groups:group C:con-tral group;group L1?L2:containing LPS(0.1and1mg/L);group HC1,HC2:containing TNF-α(1mg/L)and hydrocortisone(10 -6 mol/L).After coincubating for0,1and2h,the levels of TNF-αwere detected by ELASA.By means of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),the contents of glutamic acid(Glu)and Aspatic acid(Asp)in the supernatants of astrocytes were measured at0,1and2h.Results:Compared with values in group C,the production of TNF-αand EAAs of astrocytes in group L1and group L2were greatly increased at1,2h(P0.05);Compared with values in group L2,the contents of TNF-αin group HC1and group HC2were decreased(P0.05and P0.05),the release of EAAs in group HC1and group HC2decreased(P0.05).Conclusions:Hydrocortisone inhibite astrocytes in the spinal cord to release TNF-αand EAAs in vitro and the effects correlate with dose.


ABSTRACT In this article, six new Fe3S2 cluster complexes Fe3(µ3S)2(CO)7[(Ph2P)2NR] (1-6) (R = (CH2)2CH3, CH(CH3)2, (CH2)3CH3, CH2CH(CH3)2, p-C6H4CCH and m-C6H4CCH) were successfully synthesized by reactions of Fe3S2(CO)9 and the corresponding aminodiphosphines under refluxing toluene. Meanwhile, treatment of Fe3S2(CO)9 and (Ph2P)2NCH(CH3)Ph afforded two new Fe3S2 cluster complexes Fe3(µ3-S)2(CO)7[(Ph2P)2NCH(CH3)Ph] (7) and Fe3(µ3-S)2(CO)7[(κ2-Ph2P)2NCH(CH3)(Ph)] (8). Complexes 1–8 were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, and especially X-ray crystallography. The elctrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, showing that they all have electrocatalytic ability for the reduction of protons to H2. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The utility model discloses a dual-layer cup with a calendar. The dual-layer cup comprises an outer cup body, wherein an inner cup body is arranged in the outer cup body; the bottom of the inner cup body is connected with the bottom of the outer cup body; the top of the inner cup body extends to the outer side of the top of the outer cup body; an interlayer ring sleeve is arranged between the inner cup body and the outer cup body; an annular convex edge is arranged on the outer side of the top of the interlayer ring sleeve; the lower surface of the annular convex edge props against the top of the outer cup body; the upper surface of the annular convex edge props against the annular lug boss on the outer surface of the inner cup body; a circle of month numbers which are horizontally and evenly arranged at intervals are arranged on the outer surface of the inner cup body on the inner side of the interlayer ring sleeve; a through hole corresponding to the position of each month number is formed in the interlayer ring sleeve; and a circle of week numbers which are horizontally and evenly arranged at intervals are formed on the outer surface of the outer cup body in a manner of staggering from the month numbers. The dual-layer cup with the calendar is simple in structure and convenient to use; the cup and the calendar are combined into a whole; the dual-layer cup is multi-purpose; the calendar number can be adjusted at any time along with time; and the dual-layer cup with the calendar is simple and convenient to operate, long in service time and low in manufacturing cost.


Through the analysis of the cause of commission,get the result that capital cost accounting not only make stockowner's benefit get correct accout ,but also accout the benefit of human power capital owner indirectly,and these should solve the problem of commission efficiently.


Like many civilian institutions, the U.S. Navy is interested in replacing foodservice products made from nondegradable plastic with ones made from biodegradable materials. To ensure the success of these new products, an assessment of sailors' attitudes and beliefs was conducted. A group of 297 sailors each completed a questionnaire measuring their general knowledge and attitudes about biodegradable products and their expectations for the performance and quality of a specific type of biodegradable product, disposable cutlery. Results indicated that most sailors could identify a simple definition of "biodegradability" and expressed favorable attitudes toward the Navy's use of biodegradable products to alleviate the plastic waste disposal problem at sea. Expectations were also generally positive about the properties of the biodegradable cutlery. However, sailors expressed some uncertainty about the consequences of using it on their health, their workload and the marine environment. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the Navy and for those involved in foodservice and in the marketing of environmentally-friendly products.


Cooperation is often considered as one of the key and unclear concepts, which differentiates multi-agent systems from other related fields such as distributed computing. One of the popular benchmarks for the verification of the effectiveness of various cooperation algorithms is multi-agent foraging task. Different approaches have been proposed among which Markov game based ones are widely used, though they could not select consistent equilibrium for the group. In this paper, an evolutionary game based method is proposed. In this method, the interactions among the agents are modeled by snow-drift game to evolve the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) and bring the maximal reward for the group of agents. The simulation verified the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, diagnosis and management of hyperemesis gravidarum. DlSENO observational descriptive retrospective study. LOCATION: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Cayetano Heredia between January 1994 and December 1997. SUBJECTS: One hundred twenty-six patients. RESULTS: a frequency of 0.7% in the study period, was found half the patients (52.4%) were nulliparous, 13.5% reported having presented hyperemesis in previous pregnancies, pregnancy was not desired at 19 %, it required to be readmitted 12.7%. In 59.5% he corresponded to mild hyperemesis gravidarum and 40.5% for hyperemesis gravidarum with metabolic disorders. In treating the most widely used drug metoclopramide was 84, 1% of cases. The most common complication was dehydration (40.5%), three cases of Wernicke encephalopathy was found, no recorded cases of kidney failure or maternal death. 92.1% showed improvement of symptoms in less than five days, and 91.3% was discharged before the week of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: a frequency of 0.7% of hyperemesis gravidarum is determined. The management allowed for a speedy recovery and shorter hospital stay without the development of hospital complications and maternal death.


Aim of this paper is to, by means of comparative analysis, demonstrate that contemporary pension systems are limitation factors of development of the Republic of Srpska, and that they should be reformed and improved. Ultimately, pension systems should be the basis for development of the Republic of Srpska. They should significantly improve strengthening of financial markets, enhancement of capital markets, higher growth rates of the Republic of Srpska, idecrease of unemployment. Private pension funds are to change the habits and ideas of every future insurance holder, aiming to make the pension rights a matter of concern of every individual, instead being the obligation and ballast of the society. Today, stabile financing of pension systems and their funds is becoming increasingly questionable. A gap is emerging between the area of rights gained by law and financial possibilities for their implementation. Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) systems, i.e. systems of inter-generation solidarityare particularly endangered. Adequate systematization of gathered data, i.e. evidence, should provide conclusions that pension systems are a limitation todevelopment of national economy. This claim is present in underdeveloped and developing countries, with developed economies also facing grave problems.


Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sinus floor cortication (SFC) and Schneiderian membrane thickness (SMT) through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: A total of 292 maxillary sinuses of 146 patients (61 males, 85 females) who underwent a CBCT scan for dental implant treatment were evaluated. SFC was classified as follows: type-1: sinus floor exhibiting similar or higher density than the surrounding cortical areas, type-2: sinus floor exhibiting lower density than the surrounding cortical areas, type-3: sinus floor exhibiting no cortical bone, and type-4: sinus floor exhibiting fusion of sinus floor bone and native crestal bone. We also investigated the relationship between the SFC types and SMTs measured from the highest border of the membrane to the sinus floor on cross-sectional images. Results: Type-1, type-2, type-3, and type-4 SFC were seen in 114, 102, 48, and 28 cases, respectively. The Schneiderian membrane was found to be thinner in type-1 SFC than in type-2 SFC. No significant difference was found between type-3 and type-4 SFC in terms of SMT. Discussion and Conclusion: Evaluation of SFC and SMT using CBCT can provide information about implant stability and survival in treatment after sinus grafting. Although type-1 SFC is favorable for implant placement, it may also be associated with an increased risk of membrane perforation.


We discuss efficient macroscale modelling of microscale systems using patch dynamics. This pilot study effectively homogenises microscale varying diffusion in one dimension. The `equation free' approach requires that the microscale model be solved only on small spatial patches. Suitable boundary conditions ensure that these patches are well coupled. By centre manifold theory, an emergent closed model exists on the macroscale. Patch dynamics systematically approximates this macroscale model. The modelling is readily adaptable to higher dimensions and to reaction-diffusion equations.

 References Dror Givon, Raz Kupferman, and Andrew Stuart. Extracting macroscopic dynamics: model problems and algorithms. Nonlinearity , 17(6):R55, 2004. doi:10.1088/0951-7715/17/6/R01 Francis B. Hildebrand. An introduction to numerical analysis . Dover, 1987. James M. Hyman. Patch dynamics for multiscale problems. Comput. Sci. Eng. , 7(3):47--53, 2005. http://link.aip.org/link/?CSX/7/47/1 Ioannis G. Kevrekidis and Giovanni Samaey. Equation-free multiscale computation: Algorithms and applications. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. , 60(1):321--344, 2009. doi:10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093610 S. Knapek. Matrix-dependent multigrid homogenization for diffusion problems. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. , 20(2):515--533, 1998. doi:10.1137/S1064827596304848 J. Moller, O. Runborg, P. G. Kevrekidis, K. Lust, and I. G. Kevrekidis. Equation-free, effective computation for discrete systems: a time stepper based approach. Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos , 15(3):975--996, 2005. doi:10.1142/S0218127405012399 A. J. Roberts. Holistic discretization ensures fidelity to {B}urgers' equation. Appl. Numer. Math. , 37(3):371 -- 396, 2001. doi:10.1016/S0168-9274(00)00053-2 A. J. Roberts. A holistic finite difference approach models linear dynamics consistently. Math. Comput. , 72:247--262, 2003. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-02-01448-5 A. J. Roberts and I. G. Kevrekidis. General tooth boundary conditions for equation free modeling. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. , 29(4):1495--1510, 2007. doi:10.1137/060654554 A. J. Roberts, Tony MacKenzie, and J. E. Bunder. Accurate macroscale modelling of spatial dimensions. Technical report, http://arxiv.org/abs/1103.1187, 2011 Olof Runborg, Constantinos Theodoropoulos, and Ioannis G Kevrekidis. Effective bifurcation analysis: a time-stepper-based approach. Nonlinearity , 15(2):491. doi:10.1088/0951-7715/15/2/314 Giovanni Samaey, Anthony J. Roberts, and Ioannis G. Kevrekidis. Equation-free computation: an overview of patch dynamics. In Jacob Fish, editor, Bridging the Scales in Science and Engineering , pages 216--246. New York, Oxford University Press, 2010. Giovanni Samaey, Dirk Roose, and Ioannis G. Kevrekidis. Combining the gap-tooth scheme with projective integration: Patch dynamics. In Bjorn Engquist, Olof Runborg, and Per Lotstedt, editors, Multiscale Methods in Science and Engineering , volume 44 of Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering , pages 225--239. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. doi:10.1007/3-540-26444-2\protect \global \let \OT1\textunderscore \unhbox \voidb@x \kern .06em\vbox {\hrule width.3em}\OT1\textunderscore 12


We study three solvable two-dimensional systems perturbed by a point interaction centered at the origin. The unperturbed systems are the isotropic harmonic oscillator, a square pyramidal potential and a combination thereof. We study the spectrum of the perturbed systems. We show that, while most eigenvalues are not affected by the point perturbation, a few of them are strongly perturbed. We show that for some values of one parameter, these perturbed eigenvalues may take lower values than the immediately lower eigenvalue, so that level crossings occur. These level crossings are studied in some detail.


This manuscript presents an approach to tune parameters of fractional complex order controllers (FCOC). The design procedure uses the basic characteristics of fractional complex order dynamic for an open‐loop transfer function. In essence, the procedure satisfies restrictions, which are stated in terms of the gain and phase margins, together with satisfying an upper and lower bounds of sensitivity and complementary sensitivity functions. In the FCOC algorithm, the main part of the design procedure is to solve highly nonlinear equations and inequality form constraints. This is innovatively performed and graphically provided in so‐called standardized charts, regardless and independent of the plant. These charts will be plotted for different gains of the complex order open‐loop transfer function, that is, k.L(s). Investigating the trend of k‐chart implies that increasing k and simultaneously decreasing the value of imaginary order b, increases the closed‐loop time indices without risk of instability. The provided charts propose region of possible values of FCOC parameters for different amounts of sensitivity functions constraints. Accordingly, the designer only needs to select the proper curve and the solution area according to the target of the controller. This research also proposes a routine design procedure for FCOC especially for beginners in the literature. Optimized parameters will then be selected from the small solution area according to possible extra constraint(s). Performance of the proposed approach will be verified in an application of the PEMFC model through simulation. A comparative study of the outcome will be made using the CRONE toolbox, fractional order proportional–integral (FO‐PI) and H∞ controllers. The study confirms significance of the proposed design algorithm in the field of the FCOC.


Objective To observe the effect of"Jiangzhuo Huayu Mixture"on NF-κB pathway of rats with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods The rats models were established by fatty diet and small dose Streptozotocin Injection and randomly divided into three groups: Chinese medicine group was treated by"Jiangzhuo Huayu Mixture",western medicine group was treated by Rosiglitazone and model group was treated by distilled water,and normal control group was established as well.After treated for 8 weeks,the TNF-α was observed and expression of NF-κB and IκB of liver and aorta abdominalis were detected by Western-blotting.Results After 8 weeks administration,the TNF-α in blood serum in Chinese medicine group was decreased(P 0.05) and lower than that of the western medicine group(P 0.01).Compared with the model group,the expression of NF-κB(P65) of liver and aorta abdominalis in Chinese medicine group was decreased(P 0.01),and no significant difference was found in NF-κB(P65) of liver between model group and western medicine group(P 0.05),expression of NF-κB(P65) of aorta in western medicine was decreased(P 0.01);the indexes in Chinese medicine group were lower than that of the western medicine group(P 0.01).Compared with model group,the expression of IκB protein in liver of the Chinese medicine group was increased(P 0.05),and no significant difference was found between western medicine group and Chinese medicine group(P 0.05).No significant difference was found in expression of IκB protein of aorta abdominalis among all the groups(P 0.05).Conclusion "Jiangzhuo Huayu Mixture"can obviously suppress the liver and abdominal aortic NF-κB pathway activation in rats with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.


Antoine Traisnel's Capture: American Pursuits and the Making of a New Animal Condition offers a fascinating genealogy of the representations of nonhuman animals that emerged in the United States du...


The present document has the task of establishing the definition for the basic edilicio design (deb), determined to delimit a sector of study of all the architectural project, based on the results attributed to the research project for the Neo Evaluation Sudden with key UAEH-DI-17-ICBI-INGSF29. The content of the definition is presented through questions aimed at specifying its scope, purpose and fields of application. Appropriate opportunity to refer to the main products developed with the results. Published in 5 free digital books on basic science, a MOOC and 2 articles. The contents of the 5 products are briefly explained and the ways to consult or download them through the computer media are emphasized. Products released during the second half of the year 2019 in a literary presentation, 3 journalistic notes and 6 participations in radio programs.


Raudah. 2013.The Eleventh Grade Students' Mastery in Using Transition Signals as Sentence Connectors in Paragraph at MAN Selat Kapuas Regency Academic Year 2012/2013.Thesis, English Education Department, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teachers Training. Advisor: Hj. Noor Maulidiyah, M. A

Keywords: Transition Signals, mastery, sentence connectors, and paragraph.

This study describes the eleventh grade students' mastery in using transition signals as sentence connectors in paragraph at MAN Selat Kapuas regency academic year 2012/2013. The problems in this research are: How is students' mastery in using transition signals as sentence connectors in paragraph? And what is the students' most common error in using transition signals as sentence connectors in paragraph ?
The subjects in this research are 50 students in the eleventh grade at MAN Selat Kapuas regency academic year 2012/2013. The objects of this research are the eleventh grade students' mastery in using transition signals as sentence connectors in paragraph at MAN Selat Kapuas regency academic year 2012/2013 and the students' most common error in using transition signals.
The techniques of data collection are test, observation and documentary. Data processing in this research is divided into four stages, they are editing, coding and classification, tabulating and interpreting. Then all data are analyzed descriptively and quantitatively and concluded inductively.
The result of the research denoted that the level of students' ability in using transition signals as sentence connectors in paragraph is in fair category. It is based on calculation of mean that is 56.69. After analyzing each type of test, the writer found that the students' most common error is in type to indicate augmentation (27.27%).
The writer concludes that the mistakes happened because the students do not understand well yet about using transition signals as sentence connectors in paragraph, especially to indicate augmentation.


Abstract Corn is one of the most important cereal crop grown in Iran. A complete randomized design with four replications was used to analysis the influence of soil amendment of super absorbent polymer on grain yield and yield components of corn in center of Iran in 2016 and 2017. Treatments with super absorbent polymer were 0 kg/ha (S1), 15 kg/ha (S2), 30 kg/ha (S3), and treatments with fertilizers were 50% (F1), 75% (F2), 100% (F3), which could be combined into nine pots. The influence of super absorbent polymer was significant on spike weight in 2017, above-ground biomass in 2016, one hundred seed weight in 2016, and grain yield in 2017. There was no meaningful influence of super absorbent polymer on spike weight in 2016, above-ground biomass in 2017, 100 seed weight in 2017 and grain yield in 2016. Fertilizer treatments had significant influence on spike weight, above-ground biomass, 100 seed weight, and grain yield in both 2016 and 2017. The interaction between SAP and fertilizers had significant effect on above ground biomass in 2017. In both years, the highest spike weight, above ground biomass, 100 seed weight and grain yield was related to S3 (30 kg/ha), followed by S2 (15 kg/ha) and S1 (0 kg/ha), respectively. 100% application of fertilizer (F3) had obtained the maximum spike weight, above ground biomass, 100 seed weight and grain in both 2016 and 2017. Our data have shown that the applied SAP had a remarkable effect on corn growth and yield under different fertilization treatments, and its application of 30 kg/ha gave the best corn production index.


Cultural construction on campus, being an effective carrier of ideological and political work in universities and colleges on one hand, has also brought about new tasks to the work on the other hand. The paper, after analysing the relationship between the two respects, points out that under the new historical condition, the cultural construction should reflect the spirit of the times, stress the theme, pursue high quality, exhibit the college's own characteristics and put emphasis on orientation, systematism, regulation and collectivity.


The geometries of the metal sites in cadmium-substituted azurins have been investigated by Cd perturbed angular correlation (PAC). The study includes wild type azurin as well as Met mutants of azurin, where methionine has been substituted by Ala, Asn, Asp, Gln, Glu, and Leu. The nuclear quadrupole interaction of wild type azurin analyzed in the angular overlap model is well described as coordination of His, His, and Cys and cannot be described by coordination of Met and/or Gly. For most of the mutants, there exist two coordination geometries of the cadmium ion. With the exception of the Glu and Asp mutants, one of the conformations is similar to the wild type conformation. The other coordination geometries are either best described by a coordinating water molecule close to the original methionine position or by coordination by the substituting amino acid. These experiments show that even though the methionine does not coordinate it plays an important role for the geometry of the metal site. The nuclear quadrupole interaction of stellacyanin was also measured. The value resembles the most prominent nuclear quadrupole interaction of the Met Gln mutant of Alcaligenes denitrificans azurin, indicating that the structures of the two metal sites are similar.


The coordination and bond character of the cations in amorphous SiO2-Al2O3 films prepared by rf sputtering were examined by studying chemical shifts in the SiK and AlK X-ray emission spectra. The coordination number of Si ions in these films was always 4, regardless of composition, whereas the average coordination number of Al ions changed from 4 to 5, depending onAl2O3 content. TheSi-O-Al bond type seemed to appear as Al2O3 was introduced into amorphous SiO2 films or vice versa.


This research reflects my theoretical and experimental journey into the lost
space of wireless radio localization in the far field of 2.4GHz Commercial-Off-
The-Shelf (COTS) radios. At the end of this journey, we arrive at the conclusion
that existing phase- and time-based localization systems such as Radio
Interferometric Positioning Systems (RIPS) and Time-Of-Flight (TOF) are not
reliable in dynamic indoor environments. Our new localization system uses
space-based rather than phase- or time-based measurements and shows adequate
robustness for such environments.


Activities of defence-related proteins (β-1,3-glucanases, chitinases and peroxidases) and concentrations of total soluble phenolics were measured in roots and leaves of non-infected and infected plants to investigate the response of different citrus rootstock genotypes to the root rot pathogen Phytophthora palmivora Butler. Infection with the pathogen increased concentrations of total proteins, total phenolics and β-1,3-glucanase activity in roots of all genotypes, and increases were associated with the extent of root mass reductions and thus susceptibility of the plants. Root chitinase and root peroxidase levels were slightly reduced or unaltered upon infection. β-1,3-Glucanase activity was also elevated in leaves of infected plants, but increases did not differ between tolerant and susceptible rootstocks. Effects of root infection on leaves were typically the reverse of effects on roots for chitinase- and peroxidase levels and more pronounced in susceptible rootstock genotypes. Although differences in enzyme expression were observed between susceptible and tolerant citrus seedlings, effects were usually associated with disease progression, and not with resistance to P. palmivora. It is suggested that increased activities of the proteins and soluble phenolics studied are not implicated in the primary defence to Phytophthora root diseases, but may contribute to the inhibition of the pathogen during infection in tolerant citrus.


A new record in terrestrial free space optical transmission, 2.5 Gbit/s (single channel) over a 4.4 km range is reported. Optical data are transmitted over a horizontal path through the atmosphere, error free, using a specially designed optical telescope-transceiver, a conventional 1550 nm laser transmitter, 2.5 Gbit/s receiver/regenerator and a high power optical amplifier.


Abstract This article reports a study on the effect of a joint online spirituality-based counseling (OSC) intervention in improving the relationship quality and quality of life of South Asian mothers-in-law (MILs) and daughters-in-law (DILs) dyads. The OSE was effective (Cohen's d range = 1.44–3.76, p≤.01) and post-test scores were higher for Hindu and Buddhist dyads, middle class, MILs-DILs with better education, widowed MILs and currently married DILs. OSC attendance and self-practice mediated the relationship between socio-demographic predictors and outcomes. Relationship quality outcomes of the MILs-DILs were interdependent, associated and in turn predicted quality of life outcomes of the dyads and the mutual interdependence.


This journal article documents the effects of light on museum materials. Theories of light energy, photochemical activity, color temperature, black body (Planckian) radiators are discussed. Both ultraviolet and visible radiation are harmful. At equal levels of intensity, zenith skylight is most hazardous, followed by fluorescent lamps and incadescent. Degradation characteristics include fading, yellowing and embrittlement. Extent of deterioration depends upon radiation intensity, exposure time, spectral characteristics of radiation sources and absorption capabilities of radiant energy by certain materials. High temperatures, moisture content of materials, Rh and the presence of oxygen increase the rate of deterioration. Reduce illumination and exposure time. Eliminate ultraviolet (UV) by using blinds, UV absorbing filters, or reflecting light from surfaces containing zinc oxide or titanium white. Yellow filters eliminate photochemically potent wavelengths of visible light. Generally accepted levels of illumination are: 50 lux for light sensitive materials (silk, newsprint, watercolors), 150 lux for moderately sensitive materials and 300 lux for materials of little sensitivity. 1 foot candle = 10.764 lux. The article is illustrated with numerous charts, tables and photographs. References (1888-1964) are included.


The article analyzes aspects of cultural diplomacy in the framework of humanitarian cooperation between France and Kazakhstan, their importance in establishing diplomatic relations. Certainly, in the context of globalization, the role of cultural diplomacy is growing, the world has turned into a huge information space, where the interconnection and interdependence of the countries of the world community is evidently. Cultural diplomacy is often a means of establishing and developing relations with other states and peoples, as well as a means of selfexpression and positioning a country in the world arena and in the mass consciousness. The main emphasis in the article is given to the sphere of education and culture, their role is determined as a means of deepening bilateral relations between two countries. The strengths and weaknesses of cooperation in this area, as well as prospects for further development are considered. The growing role of cultural diplomacy between countries as a means of deepening bilateral relations is noted.


The patient, a 14-year-old girl with no significant medical or surgical history, presented to the emergency room after injuring her left knee while clearing a hurdle. She reported that she had felt a "snap" in the knee after kicking her foot, resulting immediately in pain with a tearing sensation, weakness, and swelling of the left knee. On physical examination, the patient could not actively extend the knee fully against gravity, or maintain a passively extended knee against gravity. Palpation revealed localized tenderness in the tibial tubercle, with an obvious effusion and palpable gap below the patella and a high-riding patellae. Radiographs revealed an avulsion fracture of the tibial tubercle, with more than 180 degrees of superior rotation of the fragment associated with definite high-riding patellae (Figure 1). The epiphyseal lines of the proximal tibia, fibula, and distal femur were almost closed. Surgical findings included an avulsion fracture of the tibial tubercle and 180 degrees of superior rotation of the fragment. The patellar tendon with the periosteum was completely avulsed from the tibial tubercle and displaced proximally. The tibial tubercle fragment was readily reduced with a cancellous screw, and the patellar tendon was reduced and reattached into the soft tissues of the upper tibia with three staples (Figure 2). After surgery, the knee was immobilized in full extension in a cylinder plaster cast for 4 weeks, with full weight bearing. After postoperative immobilization, the patient began performing active range of motion exercises and quadriceps strengthening exercises. Three months after the procedure, the knee showed full range of motion without extension lag, and there was no atrophy of the quadriceps. Muscle strength in the left knee was normal compared with the right knee. Fifteen months after injury, the patient was participating in sports again and did not report any remaining pain or symptoms.


The dependence and durability properties of Chinese lead plug rubber bearings are provided in the paper. For the response analysis, the dependence characteristics such as vertical load dependence, shear strain dependence, frequency dependence and temperature dependence are analyzed. Durability of aging and creeping tests are performed too in order to understand the characteristics of stiffness, damping and extreme shear strain after 60 years service. Fatigue tests with 200 horizontal cycles and 100,000 vertical cycles are performed for the lead plug rubber bearings for grasping the vertical stiffness and horizontal stiffness properties.


After a detailed and systematic stratification of the theories on roles of credit reporting systems(CRS),we proposed a new classification of CRS patterns in functional perspective.Mainly based on the World Bank's survey of global CRS and their TT indices data obtained in another study by the author,we for the first time accomplished a quantitative investigation into the patterns classification of CRS,in which our proposed classifications are partially confirmed and four mainstreaming patterns are recognized as punishing,punishing plus regulation,promoting,and promoting plus regulation.Using confirmatory factor analysis method,we singled out eight variables with biggest loadings as critical aspects describing structure,contents and rules dimensions of CRS.With detailed investigation into the representative countries of each pattern,the typical institutional configurations concerning structure,content and rules for particular pattern together with some insights are generalized and presented in the final part.The most outstanding feature of this paper lies in its application of quantitative analytical techniques in CRS comparison and classification which is for the first time realized in a cohesive way after the release of WB's survey and directly lead to somewhat deepening understanding of global CRS.


We develop a probabilistic approach to continuous-time finite state mean field games. Based on an alternative description of continuous-time Markov chains by means of semimartingales and the weak formulation of stochastic optimal control, our approach not only allows us to tackle the mean field of states and the mean field of control at the same time, but also extends the strategy set of players from Markov strategies to closed-loop strategies. We show the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium for the mean field game as well as how the equilibrium of a mean field game consists of an approximative Nash equilibrium for the game with a finite number of players under different assumptions of structure and regularity on the cost functions and transition rate between states.


One of the most important issues during UCG process is wastewater production and treatment. Condensed gasification wastewater is contaminated by many hazardous compounds. The composition of the generated UCG-derived wastewater may vary depending on the type of gasified coal and conditions of the gasification process. The main purpose of this study was a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the UCG wastewater produced during four different UCG experiments. Experiments were conducted using semi-anthracite and bituminous coal samples at two distinct pressures, i.e., 20 and 40 bar. The conducted studies revealed significant relationships between the physicochemical composition of the wastewater and the coal properties as well as the gasification pressure. The strongest impact is noticeable in the case of organic pollutants, especially phenols, BTEX and PAH's. The most abundant group of pollutants were phenols. Conducted studies showed significantly higher concentration levels for bituminous coal: 29.25–49.5 mg/L whereas for semi-anthracite effluents these concentrations were in much lower range 2.1–29.7 mg/L. The opposite situation occurs for BTEX, higher concentrations were in wastewater from semi-anthracite gasification: 5483.1–1496.7 µg/L, while in samples from bituminous coal gasification average BTEX concentrations were: 2514.3–1354.4 µg/L. A similar relationship occurs for the PAH's concentrations. The higher values were in case of wastewater from semi-anthracite coal experiments and were in range 362–1658 µg/L while from bituminous coal gasification PAH's values are in lower ranges 407–1090 µg/L. The studies conducted have shown that concentrations of phenols, BTEX and PAH's decrease with increasing pressure. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to enhance the interpretation of the obtained experimental data and showed a very strong relationship between three parameters: phenols, volatile phenols and CODcr.


Abstract. A visual vibration measurement method based on single-frame coded illumination and compressive sensing is proposed. The projector projects concentric rectangles with different sizes at different time points in a single camera exposure. According to the size of the rectangles, the image collected by the camera is separated into different sub frames. The centroids of the concentric rectangles are considered as the virtual feature points to record the vibration information of the object. The projector operates according to the random unequal interval trigger signal, and the projection is used as the sampling signal to encode the measured object. Discrete cosine transform is used as sparse basis, and sparsity adaptive matching pursuit and spectral projected gradient for L1 minimization (SPGL1) are used for signal reconstruction. Simulation analysis shows that the proposed method is feasible, and SPGL1 algorithm is more suitable for our signal reconstruction. The experiments indicate that the maximum absolute error of the proposed method for frequency measurement is 0.2985 Hz, and the maximum relative error is 1.6587  ×  10  −  3. It is also applicable to multi-frequency measurement.


Resilient moduli of subgrades are becoming important input parameters in mechanistic pavement design. As such, test methodologies have been introduced by many highway agencies to estimate this parameter. These tests require several hours to perform. Therefore, only a small number of specimens can be tested for a given project. An alternative for rapidly determining the resilient modulus of subgrade soils--bender elements--is presented. Bender elements are thin sheets of piezo-ceramic material which are inserted in a specimen. When subjected to appropriate electric current, a bender element bends and couples seismic energy to the specimen. A bender element can also be used to detect the coupled energy since it converts movement to voltage. For convenience, the end caps of a regular static triaxial test set-up can be retrofitted with a set of transmitting and receiving bender elements. The data reduction, which consists of determining the arrival time of the seismic energy, is simple and can be carried out during the test. The limitation of the device is that the deviatoric stress cannot be varied and as such moduli at low strain levels are measured. Therefore, this method can be utilized parallel to resilient modulus tests when a large number of specimens of similar subgrades must be tested. Based on tests on over 30 different specimens, the bender elements can feasibly provide resilient moduli of subgrade materials at a fraction of the time and at significantly lower investment in initial equipment costs. The bender element tests can be a complement to the resilient modulus test systems.


The Swiss housing market is characterised by an extraordinarily low vacancy rate, generally in the vicinity of 1 per cent. Is the Swiss housing market permanently in a condition of severe shortage? This paper uses both a standard non-accelerating rent inflation rate of vacancy approach and a new perception-based approach to answer this question. The available evidence confirms that a vacancy rate of 1–1.5 per cent is indeed sufficient for the Swiss housing market to be in equilibrium, provided only dwellings that are not only unoccupied but also actually offered for rent or purchase are counted (which makes this rate not easily comparable with other countries). The standard equilibrium vacancy rate approach suggests that even lower rates are sufficient in more densely built places whereas the approach based on perceptions makes no difference. This suggests that the dwellings listed by people who wish to move reduce the pressure on rents but not the feeling of housing shortage.


Land subsidence is referred to as either the sudden sinking or gradual downward settling of discrete segments of ground surfaces with little or no horizontal motion (Deng et al., 2017; Ilia and Loupasakis, 2018). Land subsidence has long been a known issue in many countries, and more specifically in the Netherlands. The implications of the subsidence are damage to infrastructure, the serviceability failure of transportation networks, as well as more susceptibility to the flood (Du et al., 2018).


Large special-shaped structure, such as main frame structure of the statues, is one of the structure forms in special grid structure widely used. The paper taking a certain 45 meters high main frame structure of the statue as an example, and dynamic properties are analyzed by the finite element software SAP2000, including model analysis, response spectrum analysis, elastic/ elasto-plastic time-history analysis. The internal forces and deformations of large special-shaped structure under the seismic load have been analyzed, and this study can be served as the references of such structure design.


Notwithstanding close critical attention has been paid to the essential victimization of the intellectual women and non-intellectual women who have been tossed and tortured in their unbearable lives and experiences in the increasing interpretation of the female characterization of this novel The Bell Jar (1963), inadequate critical concern has been shown to reveal the distorted power mechanism and power institutionalism implied in the contextualization of the gloomy social and cultural disciplines effective in the despotic disturbance and interference of the actions and thoughts of most intellectual women and non-intellectual women in 1950s in American society and American culture as indicated in the very ingenuous and insightful production of this novel extremely valuable for the adequate clarification of the executive essence of those hegemonic and demonic disciplines. For the sake of the ideological and epistemological essence of this disciplinary confinement and enslavement engendered in the vicious and malicious disciplines implemented in the entire society where Sylvia Plath has lived, this paper aims to uncover the quite malicious distortion of Foucauldian panopticism implemented in the formation and reformation of the power mechanism and power institutionalism implemented to persecute intellectual women and non-intellectual women as what has been insinuated into the ideological and epistemological veins of this novel according to the surveillance, inspection, and, supervision of this Foucauldian panopticism to have a good access to the true reasons of the suicidal tragedies and tragic traumas of Esther Greenhood who has been caught in the fatal threat of this power mechanism and power institutionalism witnessed in the ideological and epistemological stupefaction and sterilization of those intellectual women and non-intellectual women whose efforts have turned out to be futile when their entire lives and lots have been captured by the demonic dominator or governor of American society and American culture at that time.


Two bolts of cotton duck fabric that meet military specifications and the purchasing guidelines described by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for use as a substrate in "Test Methods for Quantifying the Propensity of Cigarettes to Ignite Soft Furnishings" were tested with smoldering cigarettes to determine the effect of inter-bolt variations on cigarette ignition propensity test outcome. The test was designed around an ASTM method that calls for the control of all known test variables, except for those inherent to the fabric's manufacture. The ignitability of each fabric was determined by testing two sets of 48 replications for each of two experimental cigarettes. The two bolts of cotton duck fabric showed a statistically significant difference in ignitions, independent of environmental and experimental fac tors. Two additional bolts of cotton duck #4 were analyzed. Cigarette ignition test results and the physical parameters of the additional bolts offer evidence that the NIST specifications are difficult to meet and further that test results are extremely sensitive to fabric properties.


In order to explore the feasibility of impedance spectroscopy in the application of online diagnosis of aging and deterioration of medium voltage (MV) three-core cables, based on the theory of transmission line equation, an aging and deterioration model of the MV three-core cable has been established. The impedance spectroscopy of the cable head-end under healthy and different aging and degradation states has been simulated and analyzed. Further, the effects the extent of aging, local deterioration size and position, line length, load rate and other factors on the impedance spectroscopy have been studied. According to the influence of the various factors on the impedance spectroscopy, a set of aging and deterioration diagnosis procedures and methods are proposed. The simulation results indicate that the state of the cable can be divided into 4 categories of "healthy," "overall aging," "large-size deterioration" and "small-size deterioration." The impedance spectroscopies of different states have certain characteristics. These characteristics can be determined by specific criterion indicators such as the monotonous decrease of the value of the resonance peaks and the phase amplitudes, the value of the resonance peaks, and the eigen propagation frequency, etc. Therefore, impedance spectroscopy has broad application prospects for online diagnosis of aging and deterioration of MV three-core cable.


Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology ¦ Volume 23 ¦ Issue 5 ¦ September-October 2020 727 Sir, A 75-day-old male infant presented with complaints of seizures for the past 1 month. He was a term-born first child of a third-degree consanguineous couple. Mother had a history of oligohydramnios during an otherwise uneventful antenatal and perinatal period. During the third week of life, he developed recurrent episodes of vomiting and abdominal distention. At the age of 6 weeks, he developed seizures with left eyelid twitching and jerky movements of the left half of the body. He received intravenous antibiotics, calcium, phenobarbitone, and antiemetics. His cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, sepsis screen, electrolytes, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were normal. At 8 weeks of age, seizure semiology changed to frequent abnormal jerky eye movements, fragmented limb myoclonus, generalized myoclonic seizures, and rapidly progressive myoclonic status unresponsive to conventional antiepileptics.


The study of Old English metre has a long and illustrious history, yet it seems fair to say that the work of many respected scholars over the past hundred years has not produced unanimity. One reason for this is that objective and unequivocal evidence about the metre of Old English poetry is very difficult to discover. That is, before evidence is considered, or even collected, a substantial amount of interpretation and analysis has usually taken place. In the following pages, however, I shall present some previously unnoticed and quite unequivocal evidence about Old English metre that does not depend upon any particular metrical theory or upon unsupported assumptions, but rather upon the uncontroversial and universally accepted fact that Old English poetry requires a minimum of two alliterating stresses, one in each verse (or half-line), and allows two alliterations on the same sound only in the a verse.


This study invited 15 graduate students in art education to reflect on their individual art learning process. The artwork and learning portfolios provided by the research participants were then analyzed to address the following research questions: What are the key factors that influence students' art learning in their early years? What are the key turning points, obstacles, and sweet moments found in these students' art learning processes? While each learning experience is always unique in its own way, the art learning process often entails experiencing an ongoing developing process as follows: positive art learning experiences; recognition and confirmation of one's ability; recognition of personal limitations caused by peer pressure; self-empowerment through continuous learning; personal breakthrough and exploration of career choices; facing new challenges and deliberation on future decisions; seeking a breakthrough to realize personal goals. This inquiry examined the stories of these learners and concluded that positive experience and support in the early years are extremely important factors. Key turning points in that process are when parents, teachers, and others recognize the learners' interests and abilities in the arts, when learners are able to extend their art learning inside or outside their schools, when learners acknowledge areas where they need improvement compared to the performance of their peers and then find ways to achieve their own personal growth and artistic breakthroughs. Teachers can support students' art learning in various ways. After documenting the different learner experiences gathered, the researcher then offers observations and suggestions for visual art education.


Electrical impedance spectroscopy is a minimal invasive technique that has clear advantages for living tissue characterization owing to its low cost and eases of use. The present paper describes how this technique can be applied to breast tissue classification and breast cancer detection. Based on the features derived from the electrical impedance spectra a learning vector quantization (LVQ) network is trained to discriminate several classes of breast tissue. Results of LVQ classification obtained from a data set of 106 cases representing six classes of excised breast tissue show an overall classification efficiency varying from 77% to 100% depending on the parameters of the LVQ network


An alternative theory of criminal opportunity is proposed in this book. The authors' starting point is the recognition that both individual and environmental factors across time impact upon criminal acts. They then examine and develop the theory of criminal opportunity by addressing focal areas involving theory, methodology, empirical research and policy.


We propose a highly Integrated motion estimation processor (MEP) for efficient video compression in an SoC platform. When compressing video by the standards like MPEG-4 and H.263, the macroblock related functions motion compensation. mode decision, motion vector prediction, and motion vector difference calculation require the frequent intervention of MCU. Thus the proposed MEP incorporates those functions with the motion estimation capability to reduce the number of interrupts to MCU, which can lead to a highly efficient SoC system. For low-power consumption, the proposed MEP can prevent the temporally static area from motion estimation or can skip the half-pel motion estimation for those macroblocks whose modes are decided as INTRA.


To exploit full potentials of the current widely used yttria-partially-stabilized zirconia(YSZ),nano-sized YSZ powders were developed and used as the ceramic source material.By controlling the deposition processes,novel TBCs with outstanding nanostructures such as nano-sized grains and pores were produced by atmospheric plasma spray(APS) and electron beam physical vapor deposition(EB-PVD),respectively.The incorporated nanostructures in TBCs resulted in substantial increase in hardness,thermal barrier effect and lifetime against thermal cycling.The long-term microstructural stability of nano-coating at elevated temperature was also evaluated.


Leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae) are distributed worldwide and include around 2550 genera, more than 21,000 species, including almost 2000 species in China. Typhlocybinae is the second largest subfamily in Cicadellidae after Deltocephalinae. Previously, morphological characteristics were the diagnostic basis of taxonomy, but they were not combined with molecular biology. The genus Ziczacella Anufryev, 1970 has only six known species worldwide. The mitogenomes of Ziczacella steggerdai Ross, 1965, Ziczacella dworakowskae Anufriev, 1969 and Ziczacella heptapotamica Kusnezov, 1928 were sequenced and identified here for the first time. They all contained 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region, and the complete mitochondrial genomes were 15,231 bp, 15,137 bp, and 15,334 bp, respectively. The results show heavy AT nucleotide bias. Phylogenetic analysis yielded the following topology: (Empoascini + Alebrini) + ((Erythroneurini + Dikraneurini) + (Zyginellini + Typhlocybini)). In this study, three newly sequenced species were closely related to Mitjaevia dworakowskae and M. shibingensis. We confirmed the monophyly of the four tribes within Typhlocybinae again, and Zyginellini should be combined with Typhlocybini, which supports Chris's points.


A new Schiff base,3d-4f GdIII-NiII,0-D complex,[Ni(MeO) Gd(NO3)2L]2,was obtained from the [{ LNi(MeOH)2} Gd(NO3)3]·2MeOH 0-D complex reacting with LiTCNQ by means of Schlenk technique.The complex was characterized by elemental analysis,IR,TGA and single crystal Xray diffraction technique.In the complex,the tetranuclear metal subunits are linked together by H bonding to form supramolecular left-and right-handed helixes.Through sharing Gd ions,the helixes with different chirality are bridged to generate a 2-D interwined mesomeric layer.The helical layers are further connected by π…π interactions between the adjacent layers to form a 3-D supramolecular network.


Book review: Donatella Campus, Women Political Leaders and the Media. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. vii + 147pp. £55.00. ISBN 978-0-230-028528-6


Abstract The paper develops a novel realized stochastic volatility model of asset returns and realized volatility that incorporates general asymmetry and long memory (hereafter the RSV-GALM model). The contribution of the paper ties in with Robert Basmann's seminal work in terms of the estimation of highly non-linear model specifications (Basmann, 1988), especially for specifying causal effects from returns to future volatility. This paper discusses asymptotic results of a Whittle likelihood estimator for the RSV-GALM model and a test for general asymmetry, and analyzes the finite sample properties. The paper also develops an approach to obtain volatility estimates and out-of-sample forecasts. Using high frequency data for three US financial assets, the new model is estimated and evaluated. The paper compares the forecasting performance of the new model with a realized conditional volatility model.


Objective: To explore the effects of β-aes ci num natrium in treating patient with cerebral infarction. Methods: All patients were randomly divided into two group: treatment group (58 cases) a nd control group. The results were compared between the two groups. Results: In treatment group of 58 cases, healing rate is significant higher than that of the control group (P0.01), and so is the total effecti ve rate (P0.05). Conclusion: This drug has some goo d virtues, such as less side effects, faster response and easy to use as well as no irritation to vein when given intravenously. So, it has better clinic value in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.


Distributed systems typically consist of several nodes connected together for handling search operations. Data is divided into those nodes for the purpose of parallel processing and replications. Elasticsearch is the popular distributed search engine where data is organized into indices. Each index of Elasticsearch consists of one or more shards and those shards can be distributed over different nodes. When a search operation is performed on a particular index, sending the search requests to all the related shards distributed over different nodes might result in high latency especially when the size of the cluster is large and nodes are far apart. Shard Selection is the technique that attempts to forward the query to the highly relevant shards discarding other non-relevant shards and thus decreasing the latency. Shard selection comes with the cost of relevance, it's obvious that the application of the shard selection algorithm might decrease the query relevance. There are several shard selection algorithms developed time and again. Among them, ReDDe, Sushi, and Rank-S are very popular. In this paper, implementation of those three algorithms, performance analysis along with the optimization of shard-related parameters are done. The experimentation is performed using Insider Threat Test Dataset(CERT V6.2) collected from Carnegie Mellon University site. In terms of average latency, Rank-S is performing 14.92% and 9.83% better than SUSHI and ReDDe respectively. Similarly, in terms of Average Document Score, Rank-S is performing 21.68% and 5.488% better than SUSHI and ReDDe respectively.


This paper surveys the techniques to recognise handwritten mathematical characters in different expressions and to see the availability of systems that eventually understand and solve them. Humans are accustomed to writing mathematical expressions containing integrals, fractions, exponents or indices by hand. Entering each such expression into a computer is uncomfortable and tedious. Inspired by recent success in Neural Network Modelling, we discuss a proposed model that gives high accuracy in recognizing mathematical symbols and digits in different mathematical expressions using Neural Network Modelling for identification of offline handwritten expressions.


Low complexity and ease of implementation provided by zero-attraction-based least mean square (LMS) algorithms have made them popular candidates for sparse system identification. In this brief, a new sparsity aware norm based on a modified Versoria function is proposed, and utilized to develop a novel Versoria zero-attraction LMS (VZA-LMS) algorithm. Moreover, to make the proposed algorithm independent of the zero-attraction parameter, an adaptive zero attractor VZA-LMS (A-VZA-LMS) algorithm is also derived. The bound on learning rate, which ensures convergence in the mean and mean square sense, is derived. Computational complexity of the proposed algorithms are also compared with the existing zero-attraction-based LMS algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms provide improved performance over the state-of-the-art algorithms.


Through cold stress treatment on the following varities: 'Doulv','Luoyang Hong','Shouan Hong' and 'Yaohuang' which belong to central plains tree peony cultivars,the relative conductivity,malonaldehyde,soluble sugar and soluble protein of their roots and branches were measured,finally the dynamic change law of physiological index were obtained,and the anatomical structure of roots was observed.The results are as follows: 'Doulv' performs the strongest cold resistance,and 'Luoyang Hong' shows the weakest.The relative conductivity,malonaldehyde,soluble sugar and soluble protein show significant correlation.Anatomy showed that roots' tissue included 3 layers: epiderm,cortex and stele.Starch grains in phloem increased obviously in deep dormancy compared with growth period,the quantity of starch grains increased in peony's roots expressed important relation to cold resistance of central plains tree peony.This research can provide theoretical basis for popularization and application of central plains tree peony cultivars in cold area.


The authors report a case of papillary carcinoma arising from thyroglossal duct remnant. It was the only case observed in the last 20 years among 9000 thyroidectomies performed. After a survey of Literature, the role of total thyroidectomy combined to Sistrunk's technique is underlined.


Address for Correspondence: DR. GAYATRI MUTHIYAN, Department Of Anatomy, Department Of Anatomy, B.Y.L.Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Phone: +919322870196/ +919372644219 (MOBILE) E-Mail: email@example.com / email@example.com Introduction: Knowledge of anatomical variations of the urinary system is important for urological surgeries involving renal transplant and radiological interpretations. When urologists and clinicians have a sound knowledge of anatomical variations, it eases management, surgical interventions and helps to reduce complications. Advanced imaging technology is the boon for the patients requiring minimally invasive approaches for various kidney disorders. These approaches require precise knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of the kidneys, ureters and vascular structures at the hilum of the kidney. Therefore, the objective of this study was to furnish the clinicians with the major anatomical variations of urological system. Method: Ninety adult human cadavers were examined for number, shape and position of kidneys and the ureters over a period of 5 years. Out of these, 85 were males and 15 were female cadavers. Results: Kidneys were bilaterally present in all the cadavers. Hypoplastic kidneys were seen bilaterally in 3.3% cadavers. Out of 90 cadavers, 3 showed bilateral and 6 showed unilateral lobulated kidneys. 2 cadavers showed unilateral (1 L, 1 R) incomplete double ureter. One showed bilateral and 5 showed unilateral accessory renal artery amongst 90 cadavers. Ectopic kidney was seen in one cadaver. Conclusions: Morphological variations in the kidney are very common and are clinically important for urosurgeons.


Methods and examples of sear ching for a host's IP address in Internet were described.Metod of remote host IP addressing at dynamic IP addressing system was analysed.


A new structure of the charging station for electric vehicles has been proposed, which was developed on the basis of a three-phase transformer and a three-level active four-quadrant rectifier with the power factor correction. This paper describes the parameters of the proposed structure of the charging station and gives the parameters for the replacement circuit of the battery compartment in the electric car TESLA, model S, which was reduced to a single equivalent battery. We have described a method for fast charging the battery with constant current and constant voltage CC-CV, which ensures a greater number of battery charge-discharge cycles. The mathematical formulae have been given for calculating the power losses components and the efficiency of the proposed structure of the charging station over a full interval of the battery charge. We have outlined a system of automated control over the charge current and voltage, which is based on the pulse-width modulation of the second order and an integrated regulator. The simulation model of the proposed structure of the charging station, built in the MATLAB/Simulink programming environment, has been presented, as well as the simulation results: the oscillograms of input and output currents and voltages, the dynamics of the charge current regulator operation. The polynomial approximation of the IGBT-modules energy characteristics aimed at calculating the static and dynamic losses in the power switches of an active rectifier has enabled the construction of a loss counter model. It has been shown that increasing the value of a charge current under the CC mode decreases the resultant integrated value of the charge process efficiency, but, at the same time, the power factor increases and the emission of higher harmonics decreases. We have performed the optimization of power losses in the proposed system of the charging station based on the parameters of the minimal charge current and the modulation frequency in PWM. Our analysis of the components of energy losses in the proposed structure has confirmed its energy efficiency in comparison with other existing structures. The advantage of the proposed structure is that it enables improved efficiency and power factor while lowering the emission of current higher harmonics. The following system indicators have been obtained: the integrated efficiency value of the electric car full charging process using a CC-CV method is 95.6 %, the power factor is 0.99, the total harmonic distortion coefficient of the input current is 2.5 %


An embodiment of the invention discloses a method for restoration and backup of application programs, a mobile terminal and a network server. The method is favorable for quickly restoring the application programs and can save flow for users. The method for restoration of the application programs comprises the steps of determining files lost in the application programs; sending requests for obtaining files corresponding to the lost files to the network server, and obtaining the files corresponding to the lost files from the network server; and restoring the application programs according to the files obtained from the network server. The method for backup of the application programs comprises the steps of obtaining basic information of the application programs, installation paths of the application programs and files under the installation paths; and enabling the basic information of the application programs, the installation paths and the files under the installation paths to be uploaded to the network server to be stored. The method is suitable for restoration and backup of the application programs installed on the mobile terminal.


The expansion of the US economy during the 1950s and 1960s, combined with a relatively small baby boom, created unparalleled opportunities for upward movement in organisations. The 1990s, however, with a baby bust aftermath and adverse economic trends, are turning career opportunities upside down. Organisational growth has been slowed down, and many middle and upper management jobs have been eliminated. However the baby‐boomers are now looking for such positions, with meagre prospects, whilst the baby‐boomers of the 1960s and 1970s can scarcely match up to the demand for low‐level entrants to industry. To combat this uneven situation, the established concepts and cultures of careers must be totally revised. The alternative, linear, steady state, spiral and transitory career views are all examined and their interchangeability, where possible, is discussed. It is concluded that fundamental changes must be made in the ways in which careers are structured and managed in organisations, resulting in balancing p...


The so-called empyema tube having a flat flange on either end has found favor with many surgeons because it is self-retaining. As these tubes are made the end flanges are fastened to the straight tube by vulcanizing. Due to being imperfectly secured, these sometimes become detached and one has the equivalent of a straight tube. In place of the tube furnished by instrument houses, I have used with success a soft rubber spool—cast on one piece—known as "bunion-right" or "toe-right." This article may be purchased in any shoe store or from a retail druggist. It is simple, answers every purpose of the empyema tube and has the advantage of always being at hand.


In braided channels, channels vary spatially and temporally, which results in the big variation of the sediment dischrge. It is important to know the channels pattern and process of stream channels variation. Channel patterns can be predict by the length and width of each stream channel. In this paper, two dimensional simulation model are employed to clarify the process of sand bar formation and channel diverging phenomenon in a gradually widening channel, in order to investigate the length of a stream channel. The results of the calculation are compared with the data obtained from flume tests to verify the numerical model.


The features and internal structure of BlueCore02are introduced,whit which the RS-232port of AVQC ( Automatic VoltageReactive Power ( Q ) Control ) apparatus is transferred into of bluetooth wireless communication mode to enhance its network communication performance and inter-operation ability.The implementation scheme is given.The experiments show its validity and feasibility.


A lemtuzumab, a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody causes prolonged lymphocyte depletion. In an open-labeled randomized multicenter study, the authors report their results of the first part of the 3C study testing alemtuzumab (followed by low-dose tacrolimus and mycophenolate without steroids) compared with basiliximab induction treatment (followed by standarddose tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and prednisone maintenance treatment) in kidney transplant recipients. Six months after transplantation, patients were rerandomized to either continue tacrolimus-based maintenance or to convert to a sirolimus-based maintenance. Both groups contained 4% of highly sensitized patients (defined as calculated reaction frequency of more than 85%) with 8% of the recipients having had previous transplants. HLAmismatches were similar in both groups. By 6 months, 7% of the patients that had received alemtuzumab had biopsy-proven acute rejections compared to a rate of 16% in patients treated with basiliximab, reflecting a 58% relative reduction. Leukopenia was more frequent in the alemtuzumab patients (36% vs 10%) and renal transplant function was comparable in both groups by 6 months. Moreover, there was no difference between nonopportunistic or other serious infections, but a significant difference in BK virus infection (8% in the alemtuzumab group vs 4% in the basiliximab group). This is the first large study on alemtuzumab and also the first study reporting alemtuzumab in combination with a lowerdose CNI. Although this was not an open-label trial, transplant biopsies were reviewed by pathologists blinded to treatment allocation. A major shortfall of this study is that it does not include a comparison between alemtuzumab and thymoglobulin. Thymoglobulin is currently the drug of choice for high-risk and sensitized patients in many centers. The long-term results will be interesting because the true effect of less acute rejection combined with a reduced dose CNI should have a positive impact on the overall graft outcome.


The subject innovation is small cable winch type relates to a home recovered, is installed on the upper surface of the body is stretch wrapped around the cable pull to push forward the body pulley a transport member that travels with the wiring cable is installed in the air is fixed to a predetermined fixture to the towing winch drum, is installed on the upper surface of the body for that formation is provided on the upper surface carrying the winch drum, the body for which is formed to be released is wound a transfer cable for conveying the carrying member to a predetermined position wherein the traction for connection to for the winch drum and the transport winch driving engines, winch drums for the driving engine and the traction for driving the drum and the belt part which connects to the transport winch drum and the winch drum for the towed for each, and the traction for the transport to selectively drive the winch drum and the winch drums for the transport Chi drum is installed on the side in the slope region narrow work areas or densely immok without the expensive large machine can access are located, including parts of the clutch to connect or disconnect a rotational force is transmitted to the transport winch drum in the winch drum for the towing this action is possible.


An analytica1 method for determination of mancozed residue in potatoes and soil by gas chromatography has been established.The results show that the average recovery of mancozed in potatoes and soils is 79.21%—106.96%,and the coefficient of variation is less than 11.30%,when the samples are spiked at 0.2—2.0mg·kg-1.The minimum detectable quality for mancozed in potatoes and soil is 1.429×10-6 mg·kg-1.The results also show that the method is simple,rapid,accuracy and easy to operation.It can be satisfactorily applied for determination of mancozeb residue.


Limited space in urban area makes it attractive to reuse the existing foundation. This paper presents a case study on the use of seismic piezocone penetrometer (SCPTu) to conduct parallel seismic test for the determination of the length of unknown foundation. The tip resistance and side friction by cone penetrometer provide the distribution of mechanical properties of the underground layer. The geophones in seismic piezocone tip acts as seismic wave receiver for parallel seismic test that is commonly used to determine the length of unknown foundation. By fusion of both information, the capacity of pile foundation under existing building can be determined. This testing procedure is very attractive for reuse of existing foundations. A case study is provided on the use of SCPTu in a building expansion project.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how the fingers generate the force to rotate the ball, with high-speed 3D videography. Velocities of the ball and finger joints, angles of finger joints, backspin rate, and forces exerted on the ball were calculated for fourteen varsity baseball players. Subjects were divided into two groups, i.e. G1 with large backspin rate and G2 with less backspin rate. There were differences in the patterns of joint angles of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, the direction of forces and the position of fingers relative to the ball between G1 and G2. A typical subject from G1 developed the FNOR (the force from the finger tip to the center of ball) downward to resist centrifugal force and FTAN (perpendicular to FTAN) forward to accelerate the ball, while a typical subject from G2 exerted these forces in the reversed manner to G1. It seemed that the difference in force application resulted from the difference in the position of the fingertips on the ball.


An input device which is arranged opposite to a display device having a plurality of pixel regions arranged in a matrix, a substrate, a first detection electrode pattern provided on a substrate, provided on a substrate and the second detection electrode pattern, and the first detection electrode pattern and the second detection electrode pattern is provided corresponding to a crossing which crosses the insulator comprises, in plan view, the contour of the insulator, the pixel They are formed along the direction different from the array direction of the region.


Science fiction enthusiasts learned about exoplanets, genetics, and the upcoming eclipse at DC's answer to Comic-Con. Science fiction enthusiasts learned about exoplanets, genetics, and the upcoming eclipse at DC's answer to Comic-Con.


The paper describes a general waveform shape analyser (Wavenet), and a system that uses the representation that it forms for a particular waveform application (Synnet). Wavenet incorporates ideas from models of low-level vision, including Gestalt grouping and the search for symmetry and structure. The novel design includes a lattice network of nodes combined with an attributed grammar, which hunts for perceptually salient structures in overlapping sections of the waveform. The parallel multiscale representation formed by Wavenet is used by the second system, Synnet, to find instances of clinically significant EEG shapes. Synnet chooses the best of the wavenet primitives, using relaxation, and combines them syntactically into higher-level shapes, assigning confidence values calculated from their attributes. Wavenet and Synnet were able to find EEG spikes and waves, of various sizes and with superimposed noise, in a variety of EEG data.


The electroresistance, ER effect of La0.85Ag0.15Mn1-xMoxO3 (x = 0.00 and 0.05) samples prepared using solid method are investigated. The increased of applied current from 5 mA to 10 mA does not change the metal-insulator transition temperature, TMI for both samples however decreased the resistivity in the temperature region of 50 K – 300 K. Both samples exhibit large ER effect at low temperature region. At TMI, the ER value is 75.5% (x =0) and decrease to 34.15% (x = 0.05). However, at 300 K, the value of ER increases to 57 % for Mo substituted sample, and the value decreases to 6.4% for the x =0 sample. The enhanced ER effect at 300 K may be due to the growth of conductive filaments under increased applied current. The increase of applied current may perturb the arrangement of magnetic inhomogeneity induced by Mo substitution, result in reduction of resistivity and lead to the observation of ER effect. These findings suggest potential application of La0.85Ag0.15Mn1-xMoxO3 (x = 0.05) in spintronic devices.


As a woman writer with both traditional and rebellious characteristics,Jane Austen empowered much unique features in creating her works.This paper proved this point from two aspects which have been reflected in her works,i.e.the values of life that man and woman should be equal,and the new viewpoilt of love and marriage.


With the continuous increase of the population of Nanjing vehicles,the pollution becomes the most important factor which impacts on the quality of the urban air.In this paper,the major work of vehicle pollution control of Nanjing is elaborated,including the foundation of the organization,the diversity of the supervision method,the implementation of the method of ASM and the local legislation,the access supervision the new vehicles,the regulatory of the testing process,the release of the vehicle environmental labels,the implementation of the restriction district,the heightening of the new standard,and the elimination of the old vehicles.The vehicle pollution prevention and control system with distinctive characteristics is built,and achieves many satisfied results.


Lithium acetylides in the presence of BF3·Et2O react with epoxy alcohols derived from (E)-allylic alcohols to give erythro-1,2-diols, a reaction used successfully in the stereoselective synthesis of erythro-hexadecan-5-olide.


In the Major in Education, Pedagogy-Psychology, there are many experiences as to the labor of forming pedagogical and professional abilities in the different organizational levels. These experiences could be systematized and reverted into new ways of perfecting the students' behaviors during their period of initial formation.
There is a must as to the re-design of the syllabuses for all the majoring courses in order to adapt them to the needs of the formation of an integral teacher of Psychology and Pedagogy. This re-design should include transformations on the contents to be taught, especially on the health-related contents that will play an essential role in the positive transformations of the students.


This paper presents a compact and low-power-based discrete-time chaotic oscillator based on a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor implemented using Wong and Deng's well-known model. The chaotic circuit is composed of a nonlinear circuit that creates an adjustable chaos map, two sample and hold cells for capture and delay functions, and a voltage shifter that works as a buffer and adjusts the output voltage for feedback. The operation of the chaotic circuit is verified with the SPICE software package, which uses a supply voltage of 0.9 V at a frequency of 20 kHz. The time series, frequency spectra, transitions in phase space, sensitivity with the initial condition diagrams, and bifurcation phenomena are presented. The main advantage of this circuit is that its chaotic signal can be generated while dissipating approximately 7.8 μW of power, making it suitable for embedded systems where many chaos-signal generators are required on a single chip.


This paper considers and contrasts agriculture on the white‐owned farms and in the black‐occupied areas of the Transvaal. It outlines the limitations of the existing tribal tenure system in the black areas, and argues that the various development initiatives that have taken place there have not left the people either financially better off, or with a greater degree of control over their land than before. The whole Transvaal should be seen as a single unit for agricultural planning purposes. This would mean that natural resources, as well as agricultural services, could be spread more equitably among the entire population of the area, which would boost agricultural production, as well as lessen the gross inequalities currently pertaining between black and white agriculture in the area.


In work the condition of a carbohydrate exchange and lipid a metabolism at patients in perimenopause, having in anamnesis polycystic ovary syndrome is investigated. Being an original marker of trouble endocrinal systems in the reproductive period. Polycystic ovary syndrome in perimenopause are caused with development of more expressed infringements lipid a metabolism and a carbohydrate exchange in comparison with conditionally healthy women. With increase in calendar age at patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in the anamnesis, without the adequate diagnostic and medical actions, progressing metabolical infringements can promote the further increase of clinical symptoms menopausal a metabolic syndrome and extragenital pathologies and, hence, to accelerate rates of ageing of the given patients.


During his long scientific life, Darwin established contacts with correspondents around the world. In Portugal, to date, only knew the letters sent to the Azorean naturalist Arruda Furtado, but during the cataloging work in progress, of the documents of the former Geological Commissions, appeared two letters signed by the famous naturalist, likely to be addressed to Carlos Ribeiro, thanking him for sending publications. The fact that Darwin did not mention the works received, leaving just notice that the ones referred to the prehistoric remains and Tertiary formations in Portugal, leaves some doubt in their clear identification, thus allowing the possibility of admitting Ribeiro had present him with the question of the tertiary man, based on the discovery of eoliths' in the Tagus Valley, in the early 1860s.


To investigate the characteristics of microphysical parameters,a method based on the optimal estimation theory was used by the retrieval from spaceborne millimeter-wave radar.In order to study the performance of the method,a series of simulations were performed.The results show that the relative uncertainties of the geometric mean radius(rg),droplet number density(Nt),width parameter(σlog) and liquid water content(LWC) are about 13%,59%, 15% and 50% for the assumption of stratiform clouds when the radar observation error is 1.5 dBZ,and that considering the correlation among the rg,Nt andσlog,the uncertainty of LWC will reduce obviously.Another retrieval scheme combining the radar reflectivity and the visible optical depth was also performed. The comparison between the two schemes show that the retrieval schemes have different impacts on the results under different assumptions,that the precision of LWC can be improved from 50% to 27% with homogeneous distribution of σlog and Nt while rgare not.However,the precision of LWC can only be improved from 50% to 48% with inhomogeneous distribution of all the three parameters.


Abstract Background Clostridium difficile is a pathogen that may be a component of normal microbiota. In 2011, there were an estimated 453,000 cases of CDI in the United States and 29,300 deaths. Diagnosis of CDI is of often accomplished through nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) for C. difficile toxin genes, which carries a risk of false-positive results. In 1996, Katz et al. created a screen for CDI that was positive if the patient had significant diarrhea and either abdominal pain or prior antibiotic usage. Today, we believe that this tool is worth revisiting with increased incidence of CDI and improved testing methods. Our aim is to determine the current usefulness of the Katz et al. 1996 clinical decision tool for CDI. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional chart review at a Midwestern teaching hospital. All patients tested for CDI between June 1, 2016 and May 31, 2017 were initially eligible. Participants were excluded from data collection on the basis of missing information, a previous positive CDI test in the last 8 weeks or age <18 years. Charts were reviewed for age, sex, diarrhea, abdominal pain, antibiotic use, prior positive testing for CDI, and length of hospitalization. Data were analyzed using SAS Software. Results Of the initial 432 charts analyzed, 202 (46.8%) had no documented amount of diarrhea and 16 more were missing other data points, leaving 214 of 432 (49.5%) charts that included all data to be used for analysis. Of these 18 of 214 (8.4%) were positive results. The Katz screen was positive in 85 of 214 (40.2%) cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, respectively, were 61, 62, 13, and 95. Conclusion Katz et al. found a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 80, 45, 18 and 94, respectively. The differences between these values and our own may be due to changes in the testing methodology and prevalence of CDI compared with a 1992 study population. The negative predictive value remains a strength. If this screening tool had been applied to our population, there may have been 128 (59.8%) fewer tests, but seven (38.9%) missed positive results. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The main substances of this paper are summarised as follows.1. In an attempt to quantify the wettability of coal, the following two measuring methods were proposed, and the effectiveness of measured values of them were substantiated by a test.(1) Contact angle measuring method using molded pulverized coal(2) Dynamic wettability measuring method to utilize the capillarity in columnar pulverized coal2. The relationship between the wettability measured values by the above-mentioned measuring methods and coal properties is discussed and concludes as follows.(1) First, the coal wettability is greatly regulated by the ash content. To be more specific, coal is more hydrophilic the higher the ash content is.(2) In the wettability of coal organic substances, the direction in which the ox-ygen content ratio increases, particularly the direction in which functional group containing oxygen increases, is hydrophilic direction.