Design education is important at technical universities and colleges. In general, real product design requires collaborative work. In this chapter, the authors discuss collaborative design education. An A360 cloud platform on Autodesk's 3D computer-aided design "AutoCAD" is adopted to illustrate a collaborative design activity implemented in the Engineering Graphics class offered at the College of Science and Technology, Royal University of Bhutan. By using A360 cloud, students can share a 3D model with group members. Based on feedback received, students can modify the initial model, share it, print, and discuss the modified object with members. This collaborative work allows students to create enhanced 3D design objects while engaged in discussions and interactions. The authors also discuss some difficulties encountered during the collaborative process and offer recommendations and future research ideas.


In this paper, we analyze the real effect of financial statement tax disclosures on corporate innovation activities. In 2007, the FASB enacted FIN 48, which mandates the separate and more detailed disclosure of reserves for unrecognized tax benefits (UTBs). Using patent applications as a measure of corporate innovation, we employ a difference-in-difference research design with publicly listed U.S. firms as the treatment group and privately held U.S. firms not subject to the disclosure requirements as the control group. We hypothesize and find robust evidence that following the onset of FIN 48, the number of patent applications by publicly listed firms decreased. We also provide evidence that the decrease is attributable to incremental innovation, which is more subject to the UTB disclosure requirements. Our evidence provides support for the real effects of disclosure on innovation activities.


PurposeThe literature on financial statement analysis attempts to improve fundamental analysis and to identify market inefficiencies with respect to financial statement information.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the author reviews the extant research on financial statement analysis.FindingsThe author then provides some preliminary evidence using Chinese data and offer suggestions for future research, with a focus on utilising unique features of the Chinese business environment as motivation.Originality/valueThe author notes that there has been no work that the author could locate specifically on Chinese FSA research. The unique business environment in China, relative to the US where the vast majority of this work has been conducted, should motivate any studies, especially given the author documents the robust finding in terms of the mean reversion in profitability.


State budgetary support to agriculture plays an important role in its development. The nature and magnitude of budgetary support influences the technical progress to a large extent. Needless to say, that the higher level of expenditure lays the foundation for higher rate of growth. Given the critical importance of agriculture to the Indian economy, capital assumes added importance. As the potential for further increases in crop area is nearly exhausted, the future growth of agriculture need to be yield based. The latter requires large investment in creating and maintaining productive assets like irrigation and rural infrastructure as well as in promoting growth agents like agricultural research, education and extension.


The present invention provides a liquid crystal capable of reducing the number of masks and steps of manufacturing a display device. The liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method comprising: a first mask process, a gate pattern and a common electrode on a substrate; forming a gate insulating layer and the active layer sequence on a substrate comprising a gate electrode and a common electrode; the second mask process, the active layer is formed on the source / drain electrodes; forming a passivation layer over the entire substrate; through a third mask process, the photosensitive layer pattern is formed on the passivation layer; photosensitive layer pattern by using etching the passivation layer as a mask to form a contact hole exposing the drain electrode; forming a conductive layer on the photosensitive layer pattern including a contact hole; a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive layer; a conductive layer is exposed by selectively removing the photosensitive layer; and the conductive layer by removing the exposed portions of the remaining photosensitive layer and the photosensitive layer pattern to form a pixel electrode.


The utility model discloses a medium-voltage flame retardant cable comprising at least one conductor (1), wherein the conductor (1) is externally provided with a conductor shielding layer (2), an insulating layer (3), an insulation shielding layer (4), a metal shielding layer (6), a flame retardant coating (8), an oxygen and heat insulating layer (9) and an outer sheath (10) in sequence, wherein the flame retardant coating (8) is a ceramic silicone rubber layer; when three conductors (1) are provided, a flame retardant asbestos rope filling layer (5) is arranged between the metal shielding layer (6) and the flame retardant coating (8) and externally provided with an alkali-free glass fiber covered tape cable winding cladding layer (7). In the technical scheme provided by the utility model, the medium-voltage flame retardant cable has favorable insulation property, a hard ceramic armor can be formed after high-temperature sintering to ensure that a line is smooth, the longer the sintering time is, the harder the ceramic armor is, the flame retardance and the voltage resistance of the cable can be completely ensured; and meanwhile, the medium-voltage flame retardant cable is low in product cost, easy to install and pave and convenient to use.


Aim: To determine spectrum of bacteria infecting burn wound and its antibiotic susceptibility at Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH). Study Design: A one year prospective study of the microbial profile in burn wound infection at BSUTH, Makurdi. Methodology: All patients admitted from August 2018 to July 2019 with burn wound who had wound swab microscopy culture and sensitivity (MCS) after thorough cleaning of the wound were included in the study. Data collected included the Age, Sex, Occupation, Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) of burn, injuring agent, type of burn, bacteria cultured from the wound, antibiotic susceptibility, number of days of admission and outcome of treatment. Original Research Article Akaa et al.; IJTDH, 41(6): 76-86, 2020; Article no.IJTDH.57623 77 Results: Out of the 63 patients admitted, flame was the predominant injuring agent seen in 54 (85.7%) patients. The age group 21 – 30 years was the most affected, 27 constituting 42.9%. Burn wound infection occurred in 25(39.7%) patients from whom 33 bacterial isolates were recovered. Gram negative organisms Pseudomonas species and Proteus species were the commonest bacteria isolated constituting 21.21% each. Other isolates were Staphylococcus aurous 36.36%, Escherichia coli 15.15%, Klebsiella species and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (each 3.03%,). There was multiple bacteria colonization of wounds and antibiotics resistance. There was no gender difference in the burn wound infection, P =0.7819. Conclusion: The sensitivity pattern showed many of the bacteria to be resistant to commonly administered antibiotics but sensitivity patterns got are important for empirical antibiotics prescription when patients come with glaring sepsis and are waiting for wound swab microscopy culture and sensitivity. Studying the microbial profile with antibiotic resistance pattern in burn's wound infection should be a continuous process in all burn units/departments. This will help to formulate and modify at regular intervals, a hospital/departmental antibiotic policy according to the present microbial pattern in the respective burns unit.


The purpose of this study was to assess biodegradability of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions of different composition and origin and to understand how these DOM fractions are removed during the full scale drinking water treatment process (DWTP). This study provides an important insight into biodegradations of DOM fractions by LC-OCD-OND analysis methods. Biopolymers (BP) were biodegradable most easily and quickly compared to other fractions, followed by low molecular weight-neutrals (LMW-neu), and building blocks (BB) and humic substrances (HS) showed a very similar biodegradation rate. Biodegradation or production of BDOC and BDON were observed in the HS fraction. Most of the BDOC and BDON were removed by coagulation/sedimentation process in DWTP. These results highlight the importance of an optimised coagulation process to remove as much biodegradable high molecular weight (MW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) as possible. BDOC incubation test results showed microbial catabolism of all DOM fractions regardless of the MW of DOM fractions. Therefore, to minimize the risk of microbial growth and proliferation in the drinking water distribution systems, it is pointed out the need to control all possible DOM fractions in the DWTP.


Abstract The first synthesis of 2,3-dihydrotryptamines from acyclic materials and an exo-selective amidoalkylation/cyclization cascade of N-allyl anilines through α-C(sp3)–H functionalization of simple amides across unactivated alkenes are presented. This reaction proceeds in mixed aqueous media and under metal-free conditions and features a broad substrate scope and a simple operation.


Globalisation is today particularly involving migration issues both for political reasons and economic options. Migration is nevertheless not without consequences for the sending, like the receiving areas. The major displacement of people since the WWII is changing the way of life of Western countries, impoverishing them, without enriching the poor areas of origin. Many sure facts of the previous years of economic boom, gained with strong political battles, are vanishing, like assured jobs, increasing budgets, public security and efficient public services. Intangible personal and social aspects are also menaced, like respect for the persons, social cohesion, local identity and cultural pride of traditions. Social change is a natural process, but it has to evolve in a systematic and organized way. The melting pot of today is, at the opposite, revolving societies in a ground-breaking way, shocking stabilized organizations and turning upside down the future development of all the civilizations, instead of producing innovation.1 Institutions and States are researching solutions, but the phenomenon is so rapid that only provisional and unsatisfactory answers are found.


The overlapping method is commonly used in fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) bulkhead-hull bonding. This study replaced the traditional overlap approach in using FRP components for bonding with the use of structural adhesives in the bulkhead-hull joint. A numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the structural response of the FRP-based bulkhead joint to underwater explosion shocks and examine the bonding differences between the application of structural adhesives and the traditional overlap approach. For precise estimation and shortening the numerical calculation process, solid elements were used to construct a local model using ABAQUS/Acoustic to simulate the effects of underwater explosions. In addition, two sizes of structural adhesive joint were considered for comparison with overlapping joints. The simulation results revealed that the application of structural adhesives provided an effective buffer between the hull and bulkhead by dissipating the stress from underwater explosions, reducing the maximum stress response by 67%. Moreover, although the amount of structural adhesive exhibited negligible effects on impact loading, overapplication may conversely lead to structural hardening.


Summary Prothrombin products prepared by Seegers procedure induce fibrinolysis when injected intravenously. This property is due to a contaminant denominated Prothrombin Activating Derivative-B, identified as factor XII. The fibrinolytic fraction accompanies prothrombin throughout the purification procedure and may be separated by chromatography on DEAE cellulose.


The goals of the present study were to investigate the feeding rates of Scartella cristata, accounting for different water temperature regimes, and to analyse spatial and seasonal variations in its diet. The feeding rate of S. cristata was higher in warmer waters and was not correlated with season. A typical herbivorous diel feeding pattern was observed, with a steady increase in bite rate throughout the morning until a plateau in the early afternoon, followed by an abrupt decrease until the end of the daylight period. The gut contents of S. cristata included at least 41 different items. Detritus and algae (mainly filamentous) comprised most of the bulk of S. cristata's diet. Scartella cristata also exhibited significant seasonal and spatial variability in its diet. This study highlights the importance of detritus within the epilithic algal matrix in the diet of S. cristata and pinpoints that, as in coral reefs, the detrital pathway exerts an important role in the trophodynamics of subtropical rocky shores where these fish are abundant.


Translation is one aspect of language component, and translation is one of learning subjects at the English Department of Bung Hatta University. The importance of translation subject for English students is to have the acknowledgments abouttransfering the meaning, so that they can absorb all of the information that written in English. They will be understood with each aspect. In translating manuals medical equipment, students should consider three aspects; they are adjust the meaning, lexical equivalence, and grammatical adjustment. The purpose of this study was to describe the third year students ability of English Department of Bung Hatta University in translating manuals medical equipment from English into Indonesian. The population of this research was the third year students of English Department of Bung Hatta University, and the researcher used one class as the sample. The data were collected through translation test by asking them to translate manuals medical equipment from English into Indonesian. To calculate the data, the researcher count the average score, then calculated Mean and standard deviation, after that classified the ability of students, finally calculated the percentage of students ability. The result of this study showed that in general the ability of the third year students of English Department of Bung Hatta University to translate manual medical equipment from English into Indonesian was moderate. It was proved that 72% students had moderate ability. Key words : Ability, translation, English Indonesian translation.


Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) is known to regulate PAR4 induced platelet activation and thrombus formation through GSK3β. However, whether PDK1 signaling also involves the ADP receptor and, if so, downstream functional consequences are unknown. We employed both pharmacologic (e.g. the selective PDK1 inhibitor, BX795) and genetic (platelet specific deletion of PDK1) approaches to dissect the role of PDK1 in ADP-induced platelet activation and protein synthesis. Inhibition of PDK1 with BX795 reduced 2MeSADP-induced platelet aggregation by abolishing thromboxane generation. Similar results were observed in PDK1 -/- mice (Fig A). Inhibition of PDK1 protected mice from collagen and epinephrine-induced pulmonary embolism (Fig B). PDK1 was also necessary for the phosphorylation of MEK1/2, Erk1/2 and cPLA2, indicating that PDK1 regulates an upstream kinase in MAPK pathway. We next identified that this upstream kinase is Raf1 (necessary for the phosphorylation of MEK1/2), as pharmacologic inhibition and genetic ablation of PDK1 was sufficient to prevent Raf1 phosphorylation (Fig C). Pharmacologic inhibition and genetic ablation of PDK1 blocked MAPK- and mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis in platelets through a mechanism requiring the phosphorylation of eIF4E and S6K. Concordantly, PDK1 is necessary for signal-dependent synthesis of the protein bcl3, which is under mTORC1-dependent control (Fig C). Taken together, our findings show for the first time that PDK1, a master kinase in the PI3K pathway, directly governs thromboxane generation, thrombosis, and protein synthesis in platelets through regulating MAPK and mTORC1 pathways.


0. By maps we shall mean finite cellular decompositions of compact oriented surfaces. A map is bicoloured if its vertices are coloured with two colours (black and white) in such a way that each edge joins vertices of different colours. A bicoloured map is said to be regular if the automorphism group acts on its edges transitively. This article classifies the regular bicoloured maps with automorphism group PSL2{q). The regular maps with cyclic automorphism groups are also classified. 1. For the relevant information abut maps we refer, for example, to [1], [2]. We say that a regular bicoloured map is of type (k, I, m) if there are k edges leaving each white vertex and / edges leaving each black vertex, and each face is bounded by 2m edges. The Platonic solids lead to regular spherical bicoloured maps of the types (2,3,3), (2,3,4), and (2, 3, 5). The Klein quartic gives an example of a regular bicoloured map of type (2,3, 7) with automorphism group PSL2(7).


BACKGROUND: Nowadays, problem solving skills, clinical decision making ability and making a proper relationship to clients are essential necessities for nursing graduates; however there are few studies which investigated nursing students' responses to clients with problematic situations based on nursing theories addressing interactions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nursing students' immediate responses to distressed clients' behaviors focusing on collaborative Orlando's theory. METHODS: This exploratory study was assessed 60 nursing students' responses to a simulated clients' questionnaire based on Orlando's theory in 2008. All of the students were enrolled in bachelor degree of nursing. The data were analyzed by dimensional content analysis to specify the key categories, according to concepts of Orlando's theory. RESULTS: According to Orlando's theory, students' immediate responses to physical and mental problems of distressed clients were classified into 6 main categories: physical caring, uncertainty, assuring, recommending, asking information and explaining. The most frequent responses to clients' behaviors were physical caring, assuring and recommending and most of the students were unable to respond to mental problems. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students responded to clients' needs automatically and they did not consider clients' ability in decision making. Medical diagnosis, physical caring and assuring were their main concerns and they were confused in responding to mental problems. Orlando's theory emphasizes on nurse-client interactions and considers nurses' perceptions, thoughts, and feelings. It views clients as a participant in care giving, so teaching this theory can enhance students' communication skills and improve quality of nursing care.


Younger healthcare consumers are more frustrated, more likely to stop seeing providers, and will write negative reviews based on bad digital experiences.


Entering into the 21st century,the world emergencies come one after another.The 911 terrorist attacks in United States in 2001,the SARS epidemic in 2003,the India ocean tsunami 2004,The frozen snow,5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008,Yushu earthquake,Zhouqu Debris Flow Disaster in 2010 and New Zealand earthquake,Japan 9.0 magnitude earthquake which triggered the tsunami,nuclear power station leakage in 2011,which bring huge loss to people's life.A complete emergency resources storage system is the premise and key for efficient rescue after disasters.The paper gives the definition of emergency resources storage and ananlyzes the factors in the beginning.By summaring the regional emergecncy managent mode in developed countries and the necessity in China,the paper puts forward the overall architecture of regional emergency resources storages system mode.


In order to improve an electro-optical helmet mounted sight's precision and response time,based on the analysis of its work process and main limitations,an improved method is presented in this paper.The relevant mathematical model is deduced by using the principle of binocular stereo vision,and the error is analysized based on this model.The results show that the pitch and azimuth errors of the new system are both less than 0.5°.


When they encounter problems with a novel or infrequently performed task, experienced users often complete their work by referring to manuals and trying task oriented exploration. However, the contents of the documentation can vary from step by step instructions for a single task to generic descriptions of a family of related procedures. The paper describes the Linked model of Comprehension based Action planning and Instruction taking (LICAI) that simulates the processes involved in comprehending and using realistic task oriented instructions. The simulations describe the necessary relationships among the content of the instructions, the goal, and the interface that enable users to accomplish their tasks.


Since the 11th "five-year plan", China's super-critical technology has been greatly developed, and more and more ultra supercritical units with high parameter have been put into operation formally. The reasonable evaluation on their economic operation efficiency can promote the rational distribution of each unit resource and the improvement of operation efficiency. In accordance with the characteristics of the thermal power unit, as well as the advantages of DEA (data envelopment analysis) method in a multi-input and multi-output model, the evaluation model of ultra supercritical thermal power generating units is established on DEA cross-evaluation model, the evaluation index system of thermal power unit operation is structured simultaneously, and further discussion are expounded with actual examples, which provides a theoretical basis for reference in grasping the actual level of thermal power units and charting the direction of improvement.


This work deals with the main topic of the assessment of the Cherf drainage basin sediment yield based on available water discharge and suspended sediment concentration observations, and on the application of general and multivariate models. This study is also part of a broader effort aiming to predict reservoir siltation and future reliability. The 19 years of available sediment concentration data (1975/1976-1993/1994) is used to predict suspended sediment loads. From 1994, this drainage basin has shown a construction of a reservoir at its outlet (Cherf dam) for civil and industrial use. From that date, only monthly water volumes are used to estimate sediment yield in the reservoir. The methodology involved in this study is developed by a conventional sediment rating curve and a multiple regression model. The former method is investigated with the mean discharge classes derived from the recorded suspended sediment concentrations and water discharges for the Cherf drainage basin (1710 km²), prior to the reservoir construction. The later is based on rock type erodibility, mean annual runoff and basin area variables, and which is applied for the ungauged reservoir basin of 1735 km². For the rating curve model, a regression analysis is made between the instantaneous suspended sediment concentration (C) and the instantaneous water discharge (Q) based on all recorded data and seasonal ratings. Optimization of rating curve method is validated by comparing the predicted against observed values on scatter plots.


The purpose of this study was to ascertain students' perceptions of selected methods used for teaching undergraduate students. A total of 200 Level 3undergraduates in the Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa, completed a questionnaire about the frequency of various teaching methods used by lecturers; their perceptions of the most effective ones; and their reasons for their preferences. The findings revealed that the lecture method was the one most often used. Students felt that they were less frequently exposed to alternative teaching methods that require them to participate actively. Although lectures are useful when teaching large groups and enable lecturers to present factual material logically, the communication is one-way and students often feel passive. Two important recommendations that emerged from the study are for lecturers to expose students to multiple teaching methods, thereby maintaining a balance, and to consider using innovative educational technology to enhance the quality of teaching and learning.


In this article, I examine what it means to inhabit the space of transit; I argue for an analysis centered on the ―middle


Background and Aims Understanding patterns of pollen dispersal and variation in mating systems provides insights into the evolutionary potential of plant species and how historically rare species with small disjunct populations persist over long time frames. This study aims to quantify the role of pollen dispersal and the mating system in maintaining contemporary levels of connectivity and facilitating persistence of small populations of the historically rare Acacia woodmaniorum. Methods Progeny arrays of A. woodmaniorum were genotyped with nine polymorphic microsatellite markers. A low number of fathers contributed to seed within single pods; therefore, sampling to remove bias of correlated paternity was implemented for further analysis. Pollen immigration and mating system parameters were then assessed in eight populations of varying size and degree of isolation. Key Results Pollen immigration into small disjunct populations was extensive (mean minimum estimate 40 % and mean maximum estimate 57 % of progeny) and dispersal occurred over large distances (≤1870m). Pollen immigration resulted in large effective population sizes and was sufficient to ensure adaptive and inbreeding connectivity in small disjunct populations. High outcrossing (mean tm = 0·975) and a lack of apparent inbreeding suggested that a self-incompatibility mechanism is operating. Population parameters, including size and degree of geographic disjunction, were not useful predictors of pollen dispersal or components of the mating system. Conclusions Extensive long-distance pollen dispersal and a highly outcrossed mating system are likely to play a key role in maintaining genetic diversity and limiting negative genetic effects of inbreeding and drift in small disjunct populations of A. woodmaniorum. It is proposed that maintenance of genetic connectivity through habitat and pollinator conservation will be a key factor in the persistence of this and other historically rare species with similar extensive long-distance pollen dispersal and highly outcrossed mating systems.


There are more than 39,000 local agencies managing 2,000,000 miles of roads throughout the United States. The responsibility for such an immense infrastructure network in a time of limited resources demands the application of contemporary pavement management principles. Yet, the vast majority of these agencies could be classified as small or rural, and implementation of management systems and practices is a significant challenge. The study analyzed responses of an extensive survey completed by over 400 local agencies throughout the upper Midwest. The report identifies current pavement management practices, factors that promote management system implementation, and the challenges (organizational, cultural and technical) that impede implementation. Pavement management systems used throughout the U.S. were cataloged along with capabilities and system specifics. Training available in the survey states was identified and cataloged, and training objectives were applied against a Body of Knowledge Framework. Researchers also conducted in-depth review of the models that had been adopted for use in the RoadSoft® GIS Pavement Strategy module. This review reconsidered the original assumptions of the models, made adjustments to conform to those assumptions, and used actual condition data (three counties, 1733 data points) to compare the output of the new models. The findings are of value to the Federal Highway Administration, state departments of transportation, local agencies, universities and technology transfer centers in their efforts to expand pavement management system implementation within cities, counties, towns, and villages.


Plants are unique among eukaryotes in having five nuclear multisubunit RNA polymerases. These include RNA polymerases I, II, and III (Pols I, II, and III), which are ubiquitous among eukaryotes, plus two plant-specific RNA polymerases, Pol IV and Pol V, that are 12-subunit enzymes that evolved as specialized forms of Pol II. Pols IV and V are nonessential for viability but play important roles in RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways that tame transposons, defend against invading viruses, mediate cross talk among alleles, and influence development. Numerous amino acids that are invariant in the catalytic subunits of Pols I, II, and III are substituted, or even absent, in Pols IV or V, implying that Pols IV and V have fewer functional constraints on their evolution than other multisubunit RNA polymerases. In vitro, Pol IV and Pol V can extend an RNA primer hybridized to a DNA template, but the templates transcribed by Pol IV and Pol V in vivo are unclear. Likewise, the boundaries of Pol IV and Pol V transcription units and the characteristics of their primary transcripts remain undefined. In this chapter, the state of our understanding of Pol IV and Pol V subunit compositions and functions is discussed.


Introduction
 Improvement in NIHSS score at 24 hrs or delta NIHSS change (ΔNIHSS) is an early measure of response to recanalization treatment and has been associated with good outcome. We hypothesized that ΔNIHSS achieved with arterial recanalization may be influenced by eloquence of region involved within a vascular territory on baseline imaging.

 Methods
 Patients from prospectively collected Keimyung University stroke database, [2005-2009] were analyzed. Patients with proximal anterior circulation occlusions (ICA, MCA M1, proximal M2) who recanalized after IV tPA/IV tPA+endovascular therapy (TIMI 2/3) on DSA / MRA were included for final analysis.Detailed clinical and biochemical data collected prospectively was analyzed. Imaging analysis was done in University of Calgary. Two readers evaluated baseline DWI imaging and graded ischemic infarcts in16 anatomical regions(cortical MCA-M1,M2,M3,M4,M5,M6, insula; subcortical MCA- corona radiata -C1,C2,C3, basal ganglia; posterior limb of internal capsule; ACA- A1,A2 and PCA-P1,P2). Depending on the number of infarct regions involved, patients were categorized into three groups: mild - (0-3 infarct regions), moderate-(4-6), large and extensive (7-16). Improvement of 10 point in NIHSS score was labeled as treatment responders. ΔNIHSS change per point was the primary outcome.

 Results
 Among 265 patients in database, 101 patients who recanalized (TIMI2/3,) were analyzed. ΔNIHSS ≥10 was seen in 24 (24%) of subjects. There were 56% males. The mean age of patients was 65+-11.2yrs, Baseline median NIHSS was: 14 (IQR -11-16) and 24 hrs median NIHSS was 7 (IQR 6-9). There was no neurological improvement (ΔNIHSS) in patients with greater than 6 areas of involvement (p<0.001).Glucose was significantly higher in patients without ΔNIHSS compared to patients with ΔNIHSS (p=0.01). The most eloquent regions as measured by absence of delta NIHSS>10 despite recanalization were basal ganglia (OR 0.03 95%CI 0.004-0.25, p=0.001),posterior limb of internal capsule (OR 0.10 95%CI 0.01-0.85, p<0.001) ,M2 ( OR 0.06 95%CI 0.01-0.25, p<0.001)and C2 (core of corona radiata)(OR 0.12 95%CI 0.04-0.35 p<0.001).

 Conclusions
 ΔNIHSS at 24 hours after recanalization is high in a situation when more anatomical regions are involved. Patients with more than six infarcted regions had no improvement in ΔNIHSS. Patients with baseline involvement (ischemic core) of the corona radiata (C2), M2 (temporal lobe), basal ganglia and internal capsule have the least chance for significant ΔNIHSS improvement.


Abstract : Perception is viewed as a process in which attributes of a stimulus are analyzed in step-wise fashion. Two experiments were carried out in which the attributes of spatial location and identity were examined for two types of materials. The results indicate that identification of letters requires more stimulus energy than identification of lines. In turn, there were no differences between identification of lines, localization of lines or localization of letters. In general, these results support a hierarchical processing hypothesis. (Author)


An up-to-date textbook of solar physics is presented. The solar structure and processes, and the interior are described along with the photosphere, the chromosphere, and the corona. The strongest Fraunhofer lines, visible coronal lines, and coronal UV, XUV, and X-ray lines are listed.


Chemical process sustainability is mainly concerned with energy and material efficiency, productivity and product quality, waste reduction, process safety, heath impact, etc. Due to these multiple factors as well as information and data uncertainty, development of optimal strategies and effective action plans for sustainability enhancement becomes a very challenging task. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical framework for optimal process sustainability performance enhancement. In this framework, we describe four types of optimization problems, which are defined based on decision makers' different objectives for sustainability enhancement. In formulation, various economic, environmental, and social concerns and technical feasibilities are taken into account, where data uncertainty is dealt with by interval parameters. Solution search is performed by a genetic algorithm method and a Monte Carlo simulation technique. The methodological applicability is illustrated by a comprehensive case study on biodi...


Longwave fiber optic systems require accurate power measurements in the spectral region from 1.0 to 1.6 microns. We have studied the characteristics of germanium photodiodes with the hope that these devices might achieve the accuracy, stability, and dynamic range in the longwave region that silicon photodiodes have achieved in the shortwave region.1'2 A natural concern is the effect of temperature on the performance of germanium photodiodes, since any long wavelength quantum photodetector, such as germanium, must necessarily have a small bandgap and thus a considerable and temperature variable number of thermally generated electron-hole pairs. Additionally, uniformity of response over the detector surface plays an important role in the accuracy of transfer calibrations.


The study is devoted to the actual problem of using new resources for human capital growth, particularly the implementation of Lean. The study aims to identify the dependence of the implementation results at Russian enterprises on the level of human capital development and other factors. The subject of the study is the dependence of the results of Lean implementation on the main groups of aggregated indicators characterising the production system. The primary research methods used written surveys of experts and regression analysis of survey results. The dependence of the results of the implementation of lean production (R) on the aggregated indicators of human capital (H), corporate culture (C) and the Lean implementation process (P) is investigated. The dependences of the results of lean production on the corresponding optimal predictors have relatively high coefficients of determination: R(H) = 0.69; R(C) = 0.78 and R(P) = 0.80 for regression models in the form of 4th-degree polynomials. The indicators that have the most significant impact on the results of Lean implementation have been identified. For the predictor of human capital, this is staff educational level (weight – 0.29), staff willingness to study (0.25), the satisfaction of age characteristics (0.24) and discipline (0.22); for the predictor of corporate culture the culture of cooperation (0.35), the culture of appearance (0.24), work according to the rules (0.24); for the Lean implementation process consolidation of the changes made (0.83). For the generalised optimal predictor, the dominant factors are the consolidation of the changes made (0.79), the speed of changes implementation (0.11) and the willingness of staff to learn (0.10). All surveyed organisations are divided into three clusters according to the dependence of Lean implementation results on the generalised aggregated predictor. The share of companies that have most successfully implemented Lean is 26%, the average rating of their success on a five-point scale is 3.8. The study results can be used in developing lean production implementation programs at enterprises and in strategic planning to increase the efficiency of human capital.


Kinetic and equilibrium binding studies indicate that the process by which the complex of estradiol-binding protein is transferred to the cell nuclei is very rapid and is readily reversible in intact cells; that is, the cytosol and nuclear binding sites are in a rapidly reversible equilibrium. Binding of the hormone appears to shift this equilibrium such that a large percent of the filled binding sites become associated with the nuclear fraction. A model is presented to show that the quantity of filled nuclear binding sites present at any estradiol concentration can be determined strictly by the initial binding between the hormone and the cytosol binding sites. Much evidence suggests that the specific estrogen binding proteins found in uterus may represent the physiological receptor system for the estrogenic hormones (1). A number of observations have led to the hypothesis that the initial step in the stimulation of uterine growth by estrogens is interaction of the hormone with these binding proteins in the cytosol fraction of the uterine cells (1). The hormoneprotein complex thus formed appears to be transferred to the cell nucleus, where it can be found associated with chromatin (1,2). If localization of the hormone-protein complex in cell nuclei is involved in initiating the uterine growth response, it is of importance to understand how this localization process is effected and how the quantity of hormone-protein complex in a nucleus is regulated in concert with the circulating hormone concentrations in the animal. The experiments reported here suggest a readily reversible equilibrium between cytosol and nuclear hormone-protein complexes such that the quantity of this complex in the nucleus is a simple reflection of the hormone level and the inherent properties of the cytosol binding proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Uteri were excised from 20to 24-day-old Holtzman rats and incubated in Eagle's HeLa medium at 00 or 370 under an atmosphere of 95%02-5% C02. [3H]Estradiol-17fl (40 Ci/ mmol, New England Nuclear, except where noted) or nonradioactive estradiol-1713 (Mann Research) were added to the incubation medium to give the indicated concentrations. Procedures and buffers used for homogenization and fractionation of the tissue into cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, as well as determinations of bound [3Hjestradiol have been described (3). 2 Uteri were homogenized per ml of buffer. The buffer contained 1 AM estradiol to eliminate the formation of [3H Jestradiol-binding protein complex during homogenization (3). For the experiments reported here, cytoplasm is the 800 X g X 20 min supernatant prepared from the homogenate. Identical results are obtained with the 226,000 X g X 45 min supernatant (cytosol) (3). Hormone that assays as bound, but is not associated with the estradiol binding proteins, has been determined and subtracted from all values. This nonspecific or nonsaturable binding component is generally no more than 10-15% of the total bound hormone, even at high estradiol concentrations (10 nM) when equilibrium has been attained. On the other hand, this nonsaturable component reaches equilibrium much faster than the specific binding proteins. It is essential, therefore, to correct for this component when brief incubations are used. The nonsaturable component was determined by competitive methods (3). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION When uteri are incubated at 370 in the absence of estradiol, all the specific estradiol binding sites can be subsequently recovered in the cytosol (4). Exposure of uteri to estradiol in vivo (5) or in vitro at 370 (2-4) leads to the rapid appearance of filled binding sites in the nuclear fraction, with an equivalent loss of total binding capacity from the cytosol (4). On the other hand, the actual quantity of filled binding sites present in the cytosol at any one time is small, and, after the first few minutes of exposure to hormone, appears to represent a steady-state level, constituting only 5-15% of the total bound hormone in the tissue (3). This observation suggests that the transfer of filled cytosol binding sites to the nuclear fraction is a rapid process, and is possibly not ratelimiting for the localization of estradiol within the nucleus. Cytosol and Nuclear Labeling Patterns. Incubation with 1 nM [3HJestradiol (Fig. 1A) leads to a more rapid initial labeling of cytoplasmic binding sites as opposed to the nuclear sites; after a brief lag period, the filled nuclear binding sites


supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), 'elfin' facies and mental retardation. Ocular and renal abnormalities have also been documented.1 As an etiology for WS, a deletion involving one copy of the elastin gene has recently been found in approximately 96% of cases.2–4 The most common and major vascular involvement in WS is SVAS and other abnormalities reported to date are almost all in arteries, such as brachiocephalic,5 renal,6 or carotid.7 Because the pathogenesis of WS is in abnormalities in elastin production, the term 'elastin arteriopathy' has been proposed for this syndrome. To date, a report on sudden death in cases with WS has been published.8 We report here the sudden death of a 21-year-old female with classic WS who had been followed at our clinics since early childhood closely for SVAS, portal vein dysplasia with giant splenomegaly and diabetes mellitus. We thought our case was worth documenting because in our search of the literature, those rare complications have not previously been reported in WS and sudden death has occurred in adulthood.


Objective:To evaluate the application of the combined multiple parameters in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy,including serum β-hCG and progesterone,and endometrial thickness(EST). Methods:127 cases in our hospital from July 2008 to May 2010 were confirmed by B-Ultrasound and pathological exam after the positive test of urine hCG. Those cases were divided into three groups,the ectopic pregnancy group(48 cases),the normal pregnancy group(40 cases),and the pregnancy abortion group(39 cases). The β-hCG and progesterone levels were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence(ECL). EST was measured by B-Ultrasound. The significances of those parameters were compared by the area under curve(AUC) of ROC curve. Results:The increased β-hCG value(the ratio of 48 h/0 h) in the ectopic pregnancy group was smaller,when compared with those in the normal pregnancy group and the pregnancy abortion group(P0.05). Progesterone level in the ectopic pregnancy group,as well as EST value,was significantly lower than those in other groups(P 0.05). The ROC curves showed that three combined parameters had the highest diagnostic accuracy(AUC =0.915). Three parameters had different accuracy to detect respectively the early ectopic pregnancy as follows:β-hCG(the ratio of 48 h/0 h,AUC=0.875),progesterone(AUC=0.806),EST(AUC=0.782). Conclusions: Serum β-hCG(the ratio of 48 h/0 h),progesterone and EST had limited significances to detect respectively the early ectopic pregnancy. Three combined parameters had the highest diagnosis accuracy,which should be recommended.


An arrangement (10) for connecting a tubular first component (12) to a second component (14), in particular for connecting a tensioning tube with an A-pillar of a vehicle body, a a receptacle for a screw element (24) forming the first component (22 ), which is disposed (on one (the second component 14) facing the end 20) of the first component (12), and a second component (26), which at the (second component 14) facing the end (20) of the first component (12) is mounted so that the first member (22) between the first component (12) and the second component (26) is held, and the screw (24) from the second component (26) (in the first component 22) is held captive, wherein the screw element (24) in the first component (22), second at least in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis (28) of the first component (12) for tolerance compensation during connection of the first component (12) with the component (14) bewegli ch is. Furthermore, a method is described for manufacturing such assembly (10) (Fig. 1).


To cultivate students' sptrit of "Three Creations" is an important task of university to improve the teaching quality.University must undertake the responsibilities of cultivating students' abilities of creation,innovation and starting business and provide the platform of "Three Creations" for students.


______________________________________________________________________________ Various countries have generated a series of policies and legislations to regulate the social relations that are built in the school. In some cases, positions and functions have been established to manage school coexistence and its improvement. Those that establish school coexistence management teams stand out. The literature has sustained the importance of having working conditions that allow the articulation of action and the generation of collegial responses, the result of professional cooperation. Despite this, in Chile there is little evidence of the actions implemented by these professionals, and the cooperation practices developed. From a quantitative study of correlational type with a total of 1069 participants, we analyse the effect of the conditions of work organization for the development of professional cooperation actions in the management of the school climate. We carry out descriptive and inferential analyses through multiple linear regression analysis for the variables of interest. The results show that, although the organizational conditions influence, it is the individual support actions for students that explain the phenomenon of cooperation; realizing that how the work is organized affects the frequency of practices reported by these professionals. These results discuss the possibilities of professional cooperation for a democratic management of the school climate and the resignification of psychosocial action in school.


Technology transfer from TEK-Momentum is mediated by an explorative dialog-based interaction with small-and medium-sized companies. Our successful approach will be discussed and a case from the photonics world using plasmonics for new optical sensors for humidity and temperature monitoring is given.


Much attention has been given in recent years to the modeling of the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants released from a point source. Numerous recommendations have been made concerning the choice of appropriate dispersion parameters. A series of calculations has been performed to determine the impact of these recommendations on the calculated consequences of large reactor accidents. Results are presented and compared in this paper.


This article discusses the fundamental principles of non-contact temperature measurement, technical solutions that translate them into practice in order to automate temperature control and improve the current epidemiological situation in the world in connection with coronavirus infection, as well as a proposal for a new technical solution that is more affordable, which will increase coverage of the use of automatic systems for monitoring the body temperature of people in public places, and a description of the following steps for its implementation.


An amidate compound which is represented by formula (1).
(In formula (1), A represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group; n represents an integer of 1 or more; and D represents a nitrogen-containing organic group represented by formula (2).)
(In formula (2), R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different, and each represents a hydrocarbon group which may contain a heteroatom, or alternatively, some or all of the R 1 , R 2 and R 3 moieties may combine with each other and form a ring structure; X represents a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and a represents 0 or 1. Specifically, a represents 1 in cases where X represents a nitrogen atom, and a represents 0 in cases where X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.)


This work presents a hierarchical navigation architecture and cascade classifier for sample search and identification on a space exploration rover. A three tier navigation architecture and inverse Jacobian based robot arm controller are presented. The algorithms are implemented on AERO, the Autonomous Exploration Rover, participating in the NASA Sample Return Robot Centennial Challenge in 2013 and initial results are demonstrated.


Thanks to the recent developments in the computer science, simulations are becoming an increasingly widespread approach that can help the designers in the development of new products. In the specific field of gearboxes, simulations are used mainly for structural evaluations. However, while for the structural design beside the simulations, many analytical methods and international standard are available; for the prediction of the power losses and the efficiency of gears, neither accurate analytical methods nor automated simulation tools are available. The authors work on this topic since years and have developed new methodologies based on computational fluid dynamics. With respect to general purpose commercial software, these techniques allow a significant reduction of the computational effort and have the capability to take into account particular physical phenomena that occurs in gears, such as cavitation, and for which no information are available in literature. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new automated mesh‐partitioning strategy implemented to extend the applicability of the previously developed computational effort reduction method to complex gearboxes getting over the geometrical limitations adopted in the past. To show the capabilities of this new strategy, we simulated a planetary gearbox that represents at the same time one of the most complicated kinematic arrangements of gears and the configuration for which the numerical fluid dynamics simulation can give the major contribution both with planar simplified models as well as with complete 3D models.


Optically pure(S)-α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol was prepared from L-proline methyl ester hydrochloride via the three steps of amino protection,reaction with the Grignard reagents and deprotection of the amino-protected groups.The deprotection mechanism in the hydrolysis of the amido was discussed,and the synthetic conditions of(S)-α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol was optimized.


The Church of Notre-Dame at Saint-Lo was bombed by the Allies in 1944. It was totally rebuilt after the war, but in the process it lost its original facade and towers. The church has become a symbol of the Second World War, and its true history has been replaced by a romantic myth. However, a virtual reconstruction of the church, available through an interactive terminal, offers to the general public the opportunity to experience simultaneous levels of space and time. Thus every visitor can discover the original historical and architectural details of the church in 3D, in real time, in interaction with a virtual model and also guided by a virtual human. The essay describes the evolution of the project that will be inaugurated in September 2011.


Effective strategic leadership and management requires a thorough knowledge of how the industry or market and the value chain leading from raw materials used in the creation of a product or service through to its delivery to the customer work. This can involve a systematic analysis of the industry and competitive market, the situation, as indicated in the right-hand box of Figure 1. Major tasks in such analyses are evaluating the risks and impact of future uncertainties inherent in each situation and spotting emerging or changing trends. It may be an easy task for (or a task already done by) someone who knows the industry well from having worked in it for years.


The thesis presents the development of microwave tunable devices based on
ferroelectric thin films. The main tasks in this work are the fabrication, optimization, and
integration of ferroelectric thin film into Si-MMIC. This work has been motivated by
increased interest on advanced tunable microwave components which meet the
requirements of low microwave losses, high tunability, easy to integrate to larger
systems, and low cost.
Dielectric permittivity, tunability, and loss tangent are the most important parameters,
characterizing ferroelectrics for application in tunable microwave devices. Most of the
efforts in this work have been devoted to the optimization of film fabrication processes in
terms of microwave loss reduction. Experimental investigations of these parameters for
Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN), (SrTiO3) STO, Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BSTO) and (Pb, Zr) TiO3 (PZT)
films are carried out in a wide frequency, DC bias, and temperature ranges. These
measurements give important information about dispersion, temperature, and dc-field
dependencies of dielectric permittivity and losses. The latter are useful for understanding
the basic physical processes in ferroelectric films and help to optimize film deposition
and device fabrication processes in terms of low losses, high tunability, and temperature
stability.
Coplanar-plate structure is used to integrate the ferroelectric films into the silicon
circuits. Planar varactors are fabricated by depositing tunable ferroelectric films on
Si/SiO2 substrates using laser ablation, RF magnetron sputtering, and sol-gel technique,
followed by metal electrode deposition. Different varactor designs based on as straight
gap, interdigital gap, and circular gap have been investigated and further used in the
components. Experiments show the capability and potential of tunable devices based on
ferroelectric thin films and confirm that they are competitive with other technologies like
semiconductors at frequency above 20 GHz. It is shown that NKN films in polar phase
are also useful for tunable microwave applications demonstrating low loss and good
tunability in a frequency above 20 GHz. BSTO films, which are in paraelectric phase at
room temperature, are used to fabricate microwave varactors. These varactors are used in
two different phase shifters designs. These tunable devices show more than 60°/dB figure
of merit, which is one the best value reported so far.


STUDY QUESTION
Are embryos that fail to meet biopsy or freezing criteria on day 6 (D6) more likely to meet these criteria on day 7 (D7) if cultured in fresh medium from D6 to D7?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Refreshment of medium on D6 did not increase the proportion of usable embryos on D7, with an adverse effect for women ≥40 years old.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Embryo development in continuous single-step medium, from fertilization to the blastocyst stage, is equivalent to that using a sequential media protocol. However, there remains a theoretical benefit of refreshing the culture environment by transitioning slowly developing D6 embryos to a fresh medium droplet of the same composition, with a renewed source of nutrients and a milieu free of metabolic toxins.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This was a prospective trial of culture media exposure in which embryos were randomized on D6 to remain in the same culture medium from D3 to D7 (continuous, n = 620) or be moved to fresh medium (fresh, n = 603) on D6, with re-evaluation on D7. Data were collected from IVF cycles, with or without ICSI, between 29 March 2019 and 17 February 2020.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Embryos from 298 women, aged 18-44 years, from cycles with or without preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) that did not meet criteria for biopsy and/or freeze on D6 were included in the study. Embryos were only included if there was a minimum of two embryos meeting the inclusion criteria in any cohort. Only the first cycle undertaken by each woman in the study period from which embryos were randomized was included.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
A total of 1254 embryos were randomized from 312 cycles (209 non-PGT and 103 PGT) including 200 women undergoing IVF without PGT and 98 women who underwent PGT. The proportion of usable blastocysts on D7 did not differ between groups: 10.1% (61/603) in fresh versus 9.7% (60/620) in continuous medium (relative risk (RR) 1.05, 95% CI 0.74-1.47)). Embryos from women ≥40 years old had a significantly decreased likelihood of achieving a usable blastocyst on D7 after culture in fresh versus continuous medium: 3.5% versus 12.2%; RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.08-0.98. In total, 9.9% of embryos otherwise discarded on D6 met the criteria for biopsy and/or freeze on D7.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Future work investigating implantation, clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates with D7 embryos is still needed.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Refreshment of medium on D6 did not increase the proportion of usable embryos on D7 overall. Younger women were more likely to develop D7 embryos after refreshment of medium on D6, while an adverse effect was seen in women ≥40 years old. However, by extending the culture of embryos to D7, additional blastocysts become available for clinical use.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
Funding was provided through the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Brigham and Women's Hospital. I.G.I. works with Teladoc Health. A.L. has no disclosures. E.S.G. works as a consultant for Teladoc Health, and a writer and editor for UpToDate and BioMed Central. C.R. is a board member of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and works with UpToDate.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.


Concurrent engineering (CE) calls for the simultaneous execution of coupled product development phases. One approach to simultaneous execution involves performing a downstream information absorbing product development phase concurrently with an information supplying upstream phase. However, such simultaneous execution of coupled phases, in the absence of careful management, can lead to substantial deterioration in the product development performance. In this paper, the author presents the managerial implications of a model-based framework to manage the risks involving the simultaneous execution of coupled development phases. He describes how the framework would apply to an automobile instrument panel development process, and discusses the changes in organizational perspective required for successful simultaneous product development.


Fe3O4–ZnWO4 composite microspheres with magnetically recyclable photocatalytic performance have been firstly synthesised by a simple refluxing method under mild conditions. The as-prepared Fe3O4–ZnWO4 composites show good photocatalytic efficiency in degradation of rhodamine B under UV light irradiation and can be recycled five times by magnetic separation without major loss of activity, the magnetic property of Fe3O4–ZnWO4 sample has been studied also. Microspheres show potential use on dye degradation from the solution considering their magnetic recovery properties.


Ethnographies and Exchanges: Native Americans, Moravians, and Catholics in Early North America is a collection of essays that will be of interest to a wide range of scholars concerned with borderland interactions during the sixteenth through the early nineteenth centuries. The thirteen essays comment on the dynamic of cultural exchange that accompanied both French Catholic and Moravian missions to the Ohio Country and pays d'en haut . Specific attention has been given to the life, work, and records of David Zeisberger, a Moravian missionary, whose recently translated diaries provided the focal point for the Max Kade German-American Research Institute Conference held in 2004. The fruits of the conference are noted in Roeber's balanced and insightful interdisciplinary publication. A


For several years, the Marshall Space Flight Center has pursued the coordinated development of a Large Space Structures (LSS) National Test Bed for the investigation of numerous technical issues involved in the use of LSS in space. The origins of this development, the current status of the various test facilities and the plans laid down for the next five years' activities are described. Particular emphasis on the control and structural interaction issues has been paid so far; however, immediately emerging are user applications (such as the proposed pinhole occulter facility). In the immediate future, such emerging technologies as smart robots and multibody interactions will be studied. These areas are covered.


The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability and impact on overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms of a novel combination of tolterodine immediate‐release (IR) 2 mg and delayed‐release pilocarpine 9 mg in patients with OAB.


Zippelia begoniifolia Blume is a new record for Peninsular Thailand from Khao Luang National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat. A description, line drawing and photographs are provided.


Activities in cedras forest maintenance are arranged on a brief program without any preliminary plant breeding estimation and pointing out genetic reserves. It is the reason for cutting down the best genepool cedaries to set up oil-gas construction sites. Primary selective inventory of the best cedar plants is offered using modern GIS technologies in deciphering aerophotoimages, natural examination and description of valuable genepool trees and plantations.


The aim of the present study is the knowledge of the vascular flora of the Coto Nacional de Lugar Nuevo (Sierra Morena, Jaen, Spain). As a result of this work, a floristic catalog of 428 taxa (species and subespecies) has been produced. The physical characteristics and vegetation of the studied area within the Sierra Morena are shortly commented.


Abstract Recent molecular studies have provided estimates of phylogeny for nearly all living and recently extinct species in the Order Dasyuromorphia, the dominant clade of insectivorous-carnivorous marsupials in Australasia. We review these studies along with morphology-based ones, and present an analysis of all cytochrome b , 12S rRNA, and protamine P1 gene sequences available. In light of these results, we provide a revised suprageneric classification and assess the implications of molecular and paleontological data for dasyurid cladogenesis. Molecular results divide extant dasyurids (Dasyuridae) into four major clades apart from the numbat (Myrmecobiidae) and thylacines (Thylacinidae). We recognize these clades as tribes Dasyurini ( Dasyurus, Phascolosorex , and allied genera) and Phascogalini ( Antechinus, Murexia, Phascogale ) in the Subfamily Dasyurinae, and tribes Sminthopsini ( Sminthopsis, Ningaui, Antechinomys ) and Planigalini ( Planigale ) in the Subfamily Sminthopsinae. Each tribe shows a basal radiation of lineages corresponding to genera or species groups. Our results concur with the most recent previous synthesis of dasyurid phylogeny in many respects, but subsumption of New Guinean «phascolosoricines» and «muricines» within Dasyurini and Phascogalini, respectively, constitute significant differences. In particular, the sister-pairing of «phascolosoricines» with a Dasyurus–Sarcophilus clade implied by molecular data is difficult to reconcile with anatomy. Divergence rates of mitochondrial sequences are calibrated approximately by comparing thylacine-to-dasyurid distances with the age of the oldest thylacinid ( Badjcinus , latest Oligocene). Estimated cladogenic dates suggest that extant subfamilies shared a common ancestor around 24 Mya and that major radiations began late in the mid-Miocene, consistent with the results of previous paleontological studies. The late-middle and late Miocene corresponds to an episode of faunal turnover in Australian marsupials (including the decline of thylacinid and bandicoot genera, as well as the rise of dasyurids) and to a time when uplift of the New Guinean highlands accelerated the transition from rainforest to drier habitats. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that continent-wide climate changes modulated macroevolution across these independent marsupial clades.


A pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of thyroid cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. There is no pathologic M0 for thyroid cancer.


Silver staing PAGE has advantage to detect RT-PCR amplification products of early embryonic genes.In this study,the single embryo cultured in vitro was selected,RT-PCR amplification was carried out with anchor primer and random primer,and the products were detected with the different density polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under the different electric voltage conditions.After 2 g/L silver nitrate dyeing,finally indicated gel electrophoresis belt can be observed directly,and majority products are below 500 bp,60 g/L polyacrylamide gel and 90 V voltage are good condition.The gel electrophoresis belts were separated in suitable distances,it was easy to recycle the difference gel electrophoresis belts.Gel electrophoresis is a kind of effective method for separatings and detecting DNA.


Based on the monthly precipitation data of Yunnan Province from 1961 to 2009,the temporal-spatial distribution of autumn precipitation over Yunnan Province were studied by using EOF analysis,power spectral analysis and Mann-Kendall test method.The results show that the autumn precipitation changing with the same sign is the most significant spatial pattern in Yunnan Province,which accounts for 33.87% of variance contribution.The first EOF mode has a significant oscillation period between 2 and 3 years.The second EOF mode is characterized by a reverse change between northwest and southeast Yunnan,which accounts for 14.39% of variance contribution.The second EOF mode does not have a significant oscillation period.The autumn precipitation of Yunnan tends to decrease with a rate of 7.7mm /10a,and appears an abrupt change around 2001,in which the most significant area locates at the eastern Yunnan Province.


Abstract Objective This article investigated the effect of age and body mass index of male humans on the carotid arteries intima media thickness (IMT) and the blood concentration of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Methods Thirty seven normal male human subjects participated in this study. The participants were classified to three groups depending on their age; 20–29 (11), 30–39 (14) and 40–49 (12). Also, the study subjects were divided to three groups according to their body mass index; normal (13), overweight (13) and obese (11). The Anova test was used for the statistical analysis of the obtained results. Results The body mass index significantly affected the blood glucose concentration while its effect on all the other parameters was insignificant. The age significantly affected all the studied parameters except the blood glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. The total cholesterol/HDL ratio was significantly affected by the age and insignificantly by the body mass index. Conclusions The age was more effective on the studied parameters than the body mass index. Worsening of the lipid profile was seen in the overweight participants rather than the obese ones.


During growth of Cu/Pd multilayers the apparent stress in the Cu layers changes from compressive to tensile during the growth of a single Cu layer. The apparent stress in the Pd layers is initially either tensile or compressive depending on the thickness of the underlying Cu layer. It has been speculated that this stress behaviour may be either a result of island growth of Cu on Pd or alloying at the Cu/Pd interface[I]. We have observed that the stress behavior is similar in Cu/Pd and Pd/Pt multilayers and continue to study these systems to better understand the origins of stress in metal multilayers. Stress evolution during growth is monitored by in-situ substrate curvature measurement using a multiple parallel laser beam technique. High angle superlattice spectra for the multilayers are found from symmetric x-ray diffraction scans in order to determine crystallographic texture. Information about interfacial disorder and alloying in the layers is obtained from simulation of the superlattice diffraction patterns. Stress behaviour is correlated with possible modes of growth of the layers, and with atomic peening and coherency effects.


Abstract Library webmasters in medium-sized academic libraries were surveyed about their educational backgrounds, job responsibilities, and training and experience levels in Web development. The article summarizes the findings of the survey with recommendations for libraries and library and information science programs.


Risk may be defined as the potential for loss. It is a function of the consequences of an event, and the likelihood of its occurrence.


In this paper, we analyse features of flow around the sphere in uniform flow by numerical analysis. To obtain numerical simulation results, we use fractional step method by kim and moin(1985). By using Fractional-Step Method in spherical coordinate, we investigate the flow pattern behind a sphere at low reynolds numbers. In very low reynolds region, the flow pattern can be regarded as Stokes Flow. We try to compare the analytic solution with numerical simulation result. We could conclude that Numerical analysis by using Fractional-Step Method is quite accurate.


Daily and 12 hourly gridded analysed wind vectors (AWVs) over global ocean were generated using the simple spatial interpolation scheme of 'box averaging', with a horizontal resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°. For daily analysed winds, observations only from Oceansat-2 Scatterometer (OSCAT) were used. The 12 hourly AWVs were generated by combining the data from both OSCAT and Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT). Apart from ocean wind vectors, an effort was made also to produce analysed wind stress, divergence and curl of wind stress. The daily and 12 hourly analysed winds were validated using in situ observations from 97 global moored buoys and data from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting analyses for a period of 9 months. The validation result shows a good agreement between AWV products and the buoy and model analysis data, yielding a standard deviation of around 2 m s−1 in wind speed and around 20° in wind direction.


In Deep Web data integration,some Web database interfaces express exclusive predicates,which permit only one predicate to be selected.Accurately and efficiently estimating the selectivity of each exclusive query is of critical importance to optimal query translation.In this paper,we proposed a novel selectivity estimation method.Firstly,we computed the Attribute Correlation and access approximately random attribute-level sample through submitting the query on the least correlative attribute to the real Web database.Then we computed Zipf equation aided by the information of word rank from the sample and the actual selectivity of several words from the real Web database.Finally,the selectivity of any word on the infinite-value attribute was derived by the Zipf equation.An experimental evaluation of the proposed selectivity estimation method was provided and experimental results are highly accurate.


The aim of this study was to develop appropriate autonomous learning materials of structure and written expression of TOEFL preparation for autonomous learners for the Centre for Language and Development of Yogyakarta State University based on the learning needs and target needs of the autonomous learners. The research was an educational research and development (R&D) adapting ADDIE model (Branch, 2009). Two instruments (questionnaire and test) for needs analysis and two instruments for validation were used. The data from the needs analysis and the material validation were analyzed quantitatively through descriptive statistics. The research findings revealed that the autonomous learning materials were appropriate in terms of input, learning activities, layout, design and organization. The learners' role is to learn the materials individually and teacher's role is to be a guide and cooperator. All of the learning activities include reading of explanations of forms and functions, doing practices for forms and functions, multiple choice, and doing reflection. Every unit has the following organizing unit title, instructions for learners, grammatical form and functions, activities of forms, functions, and TOEFL tests items, online activities for further learning, learning essentials, reflection, self-test (TOEFL) and answer keys.


Most bilateral teleoperation researches focus on the system stability within time-delays. However, practical teleoperation tasks require high transient performance, such as convergence rate and precision, besides system stability. This paper investigates bilateral teleoperation controller design with transient performances. To ensure the transient performances and system stability simultaneously, an adaptive non-singular fixed-time controller is proposed to achieve practical fixed-time stability in the presence of system uncertainties and time-delays. In addition, a novel switching scheme is introduced to eliminate singularity phenomenon, which is caused by conventional terminal sliding manifolds. Moreover, Chebyshev neural network and adaptive law are combined with the fixed-time controller to estimate real-time system uncertainties. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed methods.


Current power system is in the transition from traditional power grid to Smart Grid. A key advantage of Smart Grid is its integration of advanced communication technologies, which can provide real-time system-wide two-way information links. Since the communication system and power system are deeply coupled within the Smart Grid system, it makes Quality of Service (QoS) performance analysis much more complex than that in either system alone. In order to address this challenge, the effective rate theory is studied and extended in this thesis, where a new H transform based framework is proposed. Various scenarios are investigated using the new proposed effective rate framework, including both independent and correlated
fading channels. With the effective rate as a connection between the communication system and the power system, an analysis of the power grid observability under communication constraints is performed. Case studies show that the effective rate provides a cross layer analytical framework within the communication system, while its statistical characterisation of the communication delay has the potential to be applied as a general coupling point between the communication system and the power system, especially when real-time applications are considered.

Besides the theoretical QoS performance analysis within Smart Grid, a new Software Defined Smart Grid testbed is proposed in this thesis. This testbed provides a versatile evaluation and development environment for Smart Grid QoS performance studies. It exploits the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) to emulate different power grid configurations and the Software Defined Radio (SDR) environment to implement the communication system. A data acquisition and actuator module is developed, which provides an emulation of various Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The implemented prototype demonstrates that the proposed testbed has the potential to evaluate real time Smart Grid applications such as real time voltage
stability control.


The substitution of abundant, low-cost alkane feedstocks for the relatively costly olefin feedstocks currently used to produce high-value oxygenated organics would provide a significant competitive advantage to manufacturers. However, very few catalysts can produce these chemicals cost-effectively from the relatively unreactive starting materials. This paper describes the synthesis and catalytic activity of modified Keggin-type polyoxometallate compounds.


The hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) form has been widely used in long-span roof structures and is the subject of much research under out-of-plane loading. However, the behaviour of hypars under in-plane loading has been less keenly studied, and there is no suitable guidance for their design in current codes of practice. A nonlinear analytical model treating the hypar as a deliberate imperfection applied to a flat plate is presented. A Rayleigh–Ritz formulation using appropriate shape functions is developed and the resulting equations are solved using numerical continuation techniques. The results are verified with nonlinear finite-element models, showing good correlation across a range of thicknesses and degrees of initial curvature. Key modal contributions that influence the behaviour of the hypar are identified, providing insight into the nonlinear behaviour of hypars subject to in-plane shear. The main differences in behaviour between the flat plate and the hypar panel are shown to be most prevalent in the early stages of loading, where the influence of the initial geometry is at its greatest.


Disclosed is a method for reducing the viscosity of aqueous protein concentrates containing not more than 50 wt. % water, at least 10 wt. % proteins or protein hydrolysates in relation to the weight of the aqueous concentrate in each case and optionally, organic and inorganic salts and/or other organic compounds, polyols with 2 to 6 C-atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups being added to the concentrates in quantities of 5 to 15 wt. % in relation to the weight of the concentrate.


Conformational analysis of stereoisomers of 1-phenyl-4-(1'-phenylethyl)-tetralin (1,4PPET) and 1,3,5-triphenylcyclohexane (1,3,5-TPCH) were investigated using1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, among several styrene trimers that remained in polystyrene products for food containers. Four stereoisomers of 1,4-PPET were isolated from a mixture of styrene oligomers formed during the thermal polymerization of styrene by employing a recycling method of preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (preparative HPLC). As for 1,3,5-TPCH, two kinds of stereoisomers were obtained by means of two kinds of synthetic methods with different steroselectivities. We confirmed that the four stereoisomers of 1,4-PPET are (1-eq, 4-eq), (1-ax, 4-eq), (1-ax, 4-ax) and (1-eq, 4-ax) conformers (ax : axial, eq: equtorial), in order of their gas-chromatographic (GC) elutions, respectively, based on the relationships of the vicinal cou-


The aim of this research is to determine the relationship of student critical and creative thinking skill towards skill competencies of local area network installation in private vocational students computer engineering and network in Malang City. Type and data analysis of this research are using a quantitative approach. The samples used are as many as 232 students. Data collection for critical and creative thinking skill is using questionnaire, while data collection for skill competencies of local area network installation is using value documentation. Data analysis included descriptive and regression. The results showed that: (1) the relationship of student critical thinking skill towards skill competencies of local area network installation by 27,9%; (2) the relationship of student creative thinking skill towards skill competencies of local area network installation by 24,4%; and (3) the relationship of student critical and creative thinking skill simultaneously towards skill competencies of local area...


We collected soil samples in Korea from different locations for the isolation of various novel and unrecorded bacterial species during a research program supported by NIBR of Korea in 2020, such as Guri-si, Gwangju-si, Namhan-sanseong, Gyeongju-si, Wonju-si, Uijeongbu-si and Jeongseon-gun. From this study we report 12 strains belonging to various genera in the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The isolates belonged to these phyla in Korea are significant due to their tremendous application. At present, the phylum Actinobacteria primarily comprises Gram positive bacteria with a high G + C content (>55 mol% in genomic DNA), and is one of the largest phyla within Bacteria (Gao and Gupta, 2012); the phylum Bacteroidetes is Gramstain-negative, rod-shaped, and does not form endospores (Ludwig et al., 2010); the phylum Firmicutes is gram-positive, has low G + C content containing rod/coccus bacteria that are found in diverse environmental habitats; and the phylum Proteobacteria are Gram-negative and is largest and most phenotypically diverse division among prokaryotes (Gupta, 2000a; 2000b).


This paper describes an online walking pattern generation method for biped humanoid robots which is based on a preview control method. Depending on the walking parameters, a 3-step pattern and reference ZMP are generated, and one step in the pattern is selected for walking. If another 3-step pattern is created, it will connect with the previous step using linear interpolation. This pattern generation method is able to deal with forward, sideward and forward-sideward mixed walking. In order to confirm the pattern generation method, various walking simulations are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink and ADAMS.


In this paper, control of vehicle yaw stability system is studied by using a two vehicle models where the first one is a linear two degree of freedom vehicle model to design the controller and the other one is a planar motion model which represents a nonlinear vehicle model (actual vehicle). The strategy of vehicle yaw stability control based on the yaw rate control which adopts the fuzzy PID controller. Compared to traditional PID control, the fuzzy PID control can adjust and tune the proportional, integral and derivative parameters and make efficient the system responds. To make sure that Fuzzy PID controller works well, it will be tested at two cases of input steering angle of the vehicle front tires which are a step signal maneuver and a single-lane-change maneuver. Various of computer simulations and results show that the control system of vehicle yaw stability and using of fuzzy PID controller can improve the stability and handling of vehicle significantly.


A warm, 60-km-diameter cyclonic eddy was observed in late summer 1984 in the vicinity of the Molloy Deep at the eastern edge of the East Greenland Current. Depression of isotherms to at least 900 m indicates a deep-reaching baroclinicity. Maximum baroclinic speeds of 0.1 to 0.17 m/s are estimated, as is a swirl transport of 1 Sv.


Russian literature wouldn't definitely be the same without the endless contributions of Fyodor Dostoevsky. Until recent days his work binds us together with discussions on issues humanity cannot get rid of. So, this paper takes into account two well-known characters, the Ridiculous Man (The Dream of a Ridiculous Man) and the Underground Man (Notes From Underground), both nameless characters whose complexity has to do with a problem of consciousness. If the first one deals with a divine experience which helps him overcome his inner consciousness disease, the second one drowns in his own sorrow as nothing can release him from the pain he has. Thus, we aim at analysing how Dostoevsky showcases the fate of consciousness as a problem and also the way that so-called problem can be seen from a perspective of art-philosophy that follows Dostoevsky's discourse.


A 64-year-old man with a 2-year history of undifferentiated connective tissue disease presented with a 2-month history of a progressive dull headache in the right frontotemporal area associated with nausea. Two days before admission, the patient developed a low-grade fever (37°C-38°C). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 45 mm/h and CRP (C-Reactive Protein) was 345.7 mg/L. Antinuclear antibodies (membranous type) were detected at a dilution of 1:100, but negative results were obtained for all other autoantibodies. Assays for rheumatoid factor and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were also negative, as was the lupus erythematosis test. Lumbar punctures yielded a clear, colorless cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a pressure of 110 mm H 2 O. The protein levels of the CSF were slightly elevated (0.54 g/L), though the white blood cell count was normal (2 × 10/L). CSF culture yielded growth of Gramnegative oxidase-positive bacilli, and the isolate was identified as P stutzeri by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan with gadolinium enhancement showed thickening and marked enhancement of the dura mater of the right cerebral hemisphere (Figure 1). A biopsy of the dura mater showed infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells. The combination of clinical, MRI, and microbiological data led to a formal diagnosis of HCP caused by P stutzeri infection, and the patient was treated with ceftriaxone 4 g/d in accordance with antibiotic sensitivity data (data not shown). In addition, 80 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone was administered for 14 days. The patient's headache gradually resolved. The management was then changed to oral prednisolone (30 mg/d), with gradual tapering over 2 months. A repeat MRI performed 1 month after the initial therapy showed residual thickening of the dura mater comparable to the diagnostic MRI, but significant regression of dural enhancement (Figure 1). During a subsequent 1-year follow-up, there was no evidence to suggest recurrence.


The temperature variation of the intensity of the diffuse peak observed near the (100) position in powder neutron diffraction patterns of an equiatomic γ-MnFe alloy and of several Mn-rich γ-MnCu alloys has been measured. The intensity of the diffuse peak reaches a maximum at the Neel points of the alloys which are antiferromagnetic and approaches zero at 4.2 K for equiatomic MnFe but not for the MnCu alloys. The results of both double axis and triple axis neutron diffractometry of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic alloys suggest that the diffuse peak is mainly due to static or quasistatic short range order. Comparison of the neutron and X-ray patterns of an 82 at.% MnAu alloy showed that less than 10% of the diffuse peak observed in the neutron pattern could be due to atomic short range order. No change was observed in the diffuse (100) peak in the neutron diffraction patterns of a 68 at.% γ-MnCu null matrix alloy after heating, although considerable atomic clustering was revealed


This paper further explores the theme of the "code heroes" created by Ernest Hemingway, and points out that the main strength of the "code heroes" comes from the integration of their physical, spiritual, psychological and social qualities, qualities that form their very identity. The paper also fully reveals the noble quality of the "code heroes" through analysing Hemingway's writing career.


Tube feeding is a medical device used to provide nutrition to patients who cannot obtain nutrition by mouth, are unable to swallow safely, or need nutritional supplementation. Aim of the study: to assess nurses' performance through assess nurses' knowledge, practice and attitude regarding nasogastric tube feeding among critically ill patient. Research design: A descriptive design was utilized. Methods: All available nurses working in ICU settings of Cairo University Hospitals, 40 nurses from both genders, with different ages, educational levels and years of experience was selected for this study. Data were obtained through three main tools; Self-administered questionnaire sheet, observational checklist and Nurses attitude questionnaire sheet. Results: Nurses had satisfactory level of knowledge, unsatisfactory level of practice, and positive attitude regarding nasogastric tube feeding among critically ill patient. There were statistically significance relation between level of knowledge, practice and attitude. Knowledge, practice and attitude level was found to differ significantly in relation to years of experience. Recommendation: Designing nurses' educational program to improve their knowledge for nasogastric tube. Procedure book should be available in ICU as a reference for all nurses. Recommendation for future: Setup a project that aims to improve nurses' performance by implementing evidence based practice. Ongoing monitoring of staff nurses' practice by head and charge nurses when caring for patients who receiving nasogastric tube feeding and provision of guidance to correct poor practices.


The aim of this study was to examine the implementation of green banking operations and intellectual capital (IC) on bank's profitability in Indonesia. Quantitative approach and panel data regression analysis were employed in this study. The bank's profitability was measured by return on assets (ROA). Green banking operations were reflected through the combinations of bank's e-channel transactions and the measurement of intellectual capital components were from Modified Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAICTM). A purposive sampling method was applied concerning the disclosure of e- channel's transactions. The samples were taken from annual reports and/or sustainability reports of 14 banking sub-sector companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the year 2012-2021 with a total observation of 107 samples. The results state that the total transactions via e-channel had a significant influence over ROA. However, the relationship is negative. MVAICTMcomponents of human capital efficiency (HCE) and capital employed efficiency (CEE) had a positive and significant impact on ROA. The other two components, structural capital efficiency (SCE) and relational capital efficiency (RCE) did not have a substantial influence over ROA.


The stabilization by feedback control of systems with input delays may be considered in various frameworks. An approach to stabilize a such system, based on the Artstein transform, is the so-called finite spectrum assignment. In this case the control law that stabilize the system is a distributed delay control law. A difficulty in applying a control law of this form consists in the practical implementation of the integral term, which needs to be calculated on-line. Some recent papers outlined an instability mechanism when the distributed delay in the control law is approximated with a sum of point-wise delays, despite the asymptotic stability of the ideal closed-loop system. In this paper, we use a suitable discretization rule based on piecewise constant control signals. Then, we analyze and illustrate by some numerical examples the robustness/fragility of this control law.


Despite the pervasive use of wireless technology in today's society, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have limited access to technology. Technology is underutilized by this population for a variety of reasons including cost-related barriers and cognitive inaccessibility of devices and software applications. The lack of accessibility of these technologies is concerning, as people with disabilities often rely on technology to enhance independence and social integration. In the present study, a series of focus groups were conducted to determine what technologies individuals with IDD were using to navigate social environments and how they were using these technologies to improve their access to meaningful social experiences. Data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach and an iterative, multi-cycle coding process. Six major themes emerged from the data, including Hardware and Software, Accessibility Features, Reasons for Connecting Socially, Barriers to and Supports for Connectivity, Concerns or Fears about Connectivity, and Outcomes of Social Connectivity. Findings have the potential to inform best practices for educators, transition specialists, parents, individuals with disabilities, and other stakeholders to advocate for increased training around and access to web-based technologies.


In this paper, we introduce new results on k-prime labeling. First, we discuss the kprime labeling of cycles Cn for some values of k and n . Also we give the k-prime labeling of combs Pn K1and some case of the crowns Cn K1 . Second, we show that all wheels W 2n> 1 are not k-prime for every positive integers k and n while W2n (n 2) is not k-prime for every even positive integers k . Finally, we give the k-prime labeling of the helm Hn (n 3) for 2 k 11 and we show that if k 2(n 1) and k 2n are twin primes where n 3 and k 1, then Hn is k -prime.


It's really not pleasant to write twice in a year about malpractice. But since my first thoughts on the law a few months ago, malpractice has gone from a concern to a full-blown crisis. You know what a crisis is. That's when reporters and politicians smell somebody's blood in the water. Drawing near, they circle about the victim, tearing and snapping. . . —wait a minute. That's sharks, not reporters. Or politicians. Actually, the definition of a crisis is when the national media begins to talk about a crisis. I know that's a circular definition, but it works. And by that definition, the 2002 Malpractice Crisis is in its full glory. As I write this, I'm looking at a lead editorial from the Wall Street Journal. 1 Even the New York Times has weighed in. Before this editorial sees print, I have little doubt that they will be joined by many more. The basic problem is that the insurance companies that fund malpractice premiums are facing a great increase in malpractice awards by juries. St. Paul Companies, for example, increased aggregate premium income from around $430 million to $620 million in 5 years. But there was an increase in payouts from $380 million to $1400 million over the same time period. St. Paul lost $920 million last year and will no longer write malpractice policies. It was the second largest malpractice insurer in the country. The drop in investment income caused by the economic slowdown has been a factor in the troubles of the malpractice insurers, but the major factor has been jury awards, which are at an all-time high. The insurance companies have only three choices: raise rates, get out of the business, or go belly-up.


During the first decades following World War II, population history was dominated by the model of "historical demography" designed by Louis Henry at INED, and taken over by Fernand Braudel and the Annales school. But in the 1980s, the Henry model was called into question by deconstructionist approaches derived from Michel Foucault, and by critics against objectivism. At the same time, history of statistics discovered the ambiguous ideological roots of demography (pronatalism, eugenics, biopolitical thought). To pick up again, the discipline introduced new methods (micro-history) and new issues (institutions). As a result, nowadays, historical demography is more and more replaced by a social and political population history. It focuses on how institutions, policies and knowledge devoted to populations construct each other in an interactive, simultaneous process. Condorcet, who was fought against by Malthus; Achille Guillard, who coined the word "demography", and of course the durkheimian sociologist Maurice Halbwachs, have formalised the "social" dimension of population. Contrary to current sociobiological temptations, the deep, organic tie between population and social protection raises the fundamental issue of how society endlessly shapes itself. ∗ Address all communications to: Paul-André Rosental, Centre de recherches historiques (CRH), 54 Boulevard Raspail, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France; e-mail: email@example.com. Dieser Artikel (Übersetzung: Oliver Ilan Schulz) ist entstanden im Rahmen der Gruppe ESOPP (CRH) und der Unité Histoire et Population des INED. Ich danke Renata Ago, Josef Ehmer, Angela Groppi, Dominique Khalifa, Werner Lausecker und Florence Weber für ihre Anregungen. Zuerst erschienen in französischer Sprache unter dem Titel "Pour une histoire politique des populations", Annales. Histoire, sciences sociales, 61, 1, 2006, p.7-29.


In this paper, undoped, Mg- and Zn-doped gallium nitride powders were prepared by direct nitridation of Ga2O3 under a flowing NH3 gas. The phase purity, morphology and cathodoluminescence spectra were presented. The Ga2O3 powders can be completely nitridized to GaN at 1000°C. The resultant GaN powders agglomerated together with submicron-sized polyhedral crystals. At room temperature, the Mg- and Zn-doped powders exhibit bright blue-violet emission at around 3.05 and 2.81 eV, respectively. This provides clear evidence that magnesium or zinc is incorporated into the GaN powders as an acceptor and suggests that the luminescent materials are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications.


Marxist Human Studies and building a socialist harmonious society have immanent uniformity.The significant theory has important theoretical significance and practical value to building a socialist harmonious society.So,socialist harmonious society building must embody the implication Marxist Human Studies.


A dislocation in the vicinity of a crack changes the near tip stress field (local field) of a crack. This effect is called dislocation shielding. The change of the local field during a fatigue cycle is studied for a mode I and III crack. It will be shown that the change of the global crack tip field determines the cyclic plastic deformation of the crack tip and not the local field. Therefore the dislocation shielding of fatigue cracks is an intrinsic mechanism and not an extrinsic one.