The small community of Freiamt, in Germany's Black Forest, contains evidence of one future facet of energy generation. Encouraged by tax incentives and generous payments for feeding locally-generated electricity into the national grid, the roughly 4,300 inhabitants of the collection of villages rely on roof-mounted photovoltaic systems, wind generators, biogas, rape seed oil, wood chips, and other renewable sources to make their small region effectively self-sufficient in terms of energy production. Freiamt, along with Dardesheim and Mauenheim in Germany and several villages in Denmark, represents a new and different approach to generating electric power. Instead of relying on centralized fossil fuel-fired or nuclear power stations that send out the electricity they generate through the grid, they take a local approach based on renewable forms of energy. And when they generate more power than they need, they can feed it--earning a guaranteed price--into the grid. The approach has obvious implications for participants in the energy business. "It's not a good idea if you're an energy multinational," Josef Pesch, managing director of renewable energy technology company fesa GmbH, warned participants in the 2007 European Sustainable Energy Forum in Lucerne, Switzerland. However, it offers a glimpse of tomorrow for companies that manufacture products for power production. More Renewables than Needed Freiamt's rural economy, based mainly on farming and tourism, makes it quite suitable for small-scale production of energy. Even before the renewables project started in late 2004, the region relied on hydropower and biogas for much of its electrical energy. Since then, four windmills on the peaks of local hills and about 800 rooftop photovoltaic systems have complemented those sources. Householders installed 400 of the rooftop systems as part of a local scheme facilitated by fesa GmbH that paid them to do so; their cost savings proved sufficient to encourage 400 more home owners to buy and install their own. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Those resources typically provide 13 million kilowatt hours of power each year. That provides a bonus for a region that generally uses about 10 million kilowatt hours of power annually "We have more renewables than we need," Pesch points out. Regulations permit Freiamt to "export" its extra 3 million kilowatt hours per year to other parts of Germany via the national electric grid. Freiamt is not the only German municipality that uses and makes money from renewable energy technologies. Dardesheim, a village with fewer than 1,000 inhabitants in the former East German county of Halberstadt, has the ambition of becoming, like Freiamt, 100 percent renewable. The village installed its first wind turbine in 1993; in 2006, it developed a 62-megawatt wind project that will eventually generate up to 130 million kilowatt hours annually, enough for the county's entire population of 80,000. Dardesheim also possesses nine solar photovoltaic plants, which generated 380 kilowatt hours during their first year of operation, and a biomass central heating plant. Meanwhile Mauenheim, a village of 400 inhabitants that, like Freiamt, lies in the state of Baden Wurttemberg, has a biogas facility and wood chip heating systems supplemented by a solar energy system. Estimates suggest that this bioenergy village saves about 1,900 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year. Legislation the Key These renewable approaches to power production could not exist in the absence of legislation. Thus, the reverse transmission of electric power--to the grid from villages and individual homes with photovoltaic systems--is facilitated by federal laws that require utilities to give users-cum-providers of electricity a fair price for the power they generate. Other legislation requires owners of wind turbines to pay royalties not only to the owners of land on which their turbines sit but also to nearby landowners. …


Abstract This review describes the synthesis of heterocycles starting from ketene dithioacetals and related compounds (ketene S,S-acetals, ketene N,S-acetals, ketene N,N-acetals, α-oxoketene S,S-acetals, α-oxoketene N,S-acetals, and α-oxoketene N,N-acetals). Post-1980 literature is mainly taken into account.


Ovary tumor is one of the common tumors of gynecology,it contains benign,malignant and boundary types. It is important to deal with the benign ovary tumor promptly,yet there is still no final conclusion of how to avoid over treatment of it. In recent years,it has made a major progress in the foundation of ovary tumors' mechanism of genesis and growth,and in technique of diagnose and treatment also. It is the key point of avoid over treatment of the ovary benign tumor that making a definite diagnosis,choosing a suitable modus operandi and having individualized treatment.


According to the principle of economic voting, voters punish incumbents when the economy is doing badly and reward them with votes when it is doing well. As more and more countries have become a testing ground for this US-born theory1, researchers have found this relationship to be far more complex, often hinging on the specificities of electoral and political systems2. Although scholars have drawn distinctions between the majoritarian and PR settings, few have pointed to the important distinction within the PR setup – open vs. closed list arrangements. Informed by findings in the economic voting literature, this research attempts to fill this void by showing how economic conditions allow voters to distinguish between high/low performers and effectively attribute responsibility under an open-list PR system. By integrating open-list design into the model of accountability, this study transforms the way we think about the very act of voting. The calculus of voting is altered from the typical onestage decision where a voter decides which party to support to a two-stage process with a voter also deciding which candidate to choose.


Predicting financial distress among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can have a significant impact on the economy as it serves as an effective early warning signal. The study develops distress prediction models combining financial, non-financial and governance variables which were used to analyze the influence of major corporate governance characteristics, like ownership and board structures, on the likelihood of financial distress. Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) model as one of the extensively documented approaches was used. The final sample for the estimation model consists of 172 companies with 50 percent non-failed cases and 50 percent failed cases for the period between 2000 to 2012. The prediction models perform relatively well especially in MDA model that incorporate governance, financial and non-financial variables, with an overall accuracy rate of 90.7 percent in the estimated sample. The accuracy rate in the holdout sample was 91.2 percent for the MDA model. This evidence shows that the models serve as efficient earlywarning signals and can thus be beneficial for monitoring and evaluation. Controlling shareholder, number of directors, and gender of managing director are found to be significant predictors of financially distressed SMEs.


In the article the questions of management by competitiveness and development of the strategy of its increasing are viewed; the idea that for the effective development and succesful functioning on the market, the company must have a certain set of advantages over competitors is established.


Abstract: Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil is the primary cause of CO2 emissions. Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere as a result of this. Neither CO2 has any colour or smell. It is created by plants through the natural process of photosynthesis and is necessary for life on Earth. CO2 enters the atmosphere as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels. Due to the low solubility of CO2 in water, it is difficult to detect CO2 at sea since it does not dissolve readily in saltwater. Removing CO2 from the atmosphere has several positive effects for civilization as a whole, but it also has numerous negative effects. These issues will be looked at in this article, along with a potential solutions for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Direct air capture is undoubtedly the strategy that has the best chance of eliminating carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This entails directly removing CO2 from the air via a chemical process and storing it as a liquid or solid. Direct air capture is undoubtedly the strategy that has the best chance of eliminating carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.


Abstract: The China-Arab relationship is one of the most significant and influential sections of China's foreign relations, and also a key area of China's diplomacy. China's friendlycommunication and exchange with the Arab area can be traced back as early as to the time before the founding of the Islamic religion and the shaping of great Arab Empire. Since the 1950s, China gradually established formal diplomatic relations with all the Arab countries. In this process, bilateral connections between China andthe whole Arab world have been broadened to diverse fields and deepened to various levels, creating tremendous progress in mutual understanding. The central principle upheld throughout the whole experience of China-Arab relationship is friendship and cooperation, while the core spirit prevalent in this bilateral relation is mutual respect and mutual support.


articles reviewed above have been stimulated by the Plan and are an indicator of the high level of activity in the field. Despite these developments, sufferers continue to struggle with the day-to-day realities of the disease. Support groups say that even more needs to be done, especially in education for families, their GPs and other health professionals, to prevent families turning to ACATs at a crisis. The Federal government plans a community education programme which should facilitate the implementation of the Plan. Other studies are underway to improve knowledge of how to meet the care needs of people with complex dementias and behaviour. They have also been stimulated by the Plan and are funded from a $12.4 million psychogeriatric care and support initiative announced in the 1994/95 Federal budget.


With the development of the wind turbine industry, the reliability requirements of wind turbine blades are continuously increasing. In this paper, static load fatigue experiments are carried out on wind turbine blades, and the collected fault data of blades are extracted using the wavelet transform method. Wavelet theory is applied to remove the noise of the data and eliminate the interference of noise on the fault diagnosis of wind turbine blades. Then, the wavelet decomposition method is used to decompose high frequency signals and low frequency signals. The faulty low frequency signals are extracted and analyzed in the time domain, and a fault diagnosis method of wind turbine blade is established. The data of different vibration frequencies of wind turbine blades are collected by the acquisition system, and the data are imported into the neural network. The neural network is used to process the data and identify the states of wind turbine blades. The neural network proves that the wavelet transform method has reliable fault diagnosis ability in time domain analysis.


Objective To compare the removal effects of asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA) by different dialysis methods.Methods Sixty advanced nephropathic patients,who received in the blood purification center of our hospital maintenance hemodialysis(HD)(N=20),or hemodiafiltration(HDF)(N=20) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD)(N=20),were enrolled,with 20 healthy persons as the controls.All the subjects aged from 18 To 60.The level of ADMA previous to the fasting dialysis in the morning was detected,and the total amount of ADMA was calculated.The serum ADMA levels in the three trial groups were compared with the control group in totally weekly removal amount of ADMA through urine and dialysis.Results The serum levels of ADMA in the three dialysis groups showed a significant differences from that in the control group(P0.01).The serum concentration of ADMA in the CAPD patients was lower than those in the HD and HDF patients(P0.01),but there was no significant difference in serum ADMA level between the HD and HDF patients(P0.05).The weekly urine amount and the weekly removal amount of ADMA through urine in the three dialysis groups showed a significant differences from that in the control group(P0.01).The weekly urine amount and the weekly removal amount of ADMA through urine in the CAPD group showed a significant differences from those in the HD and HDF groups(P0.01),but there was no significant difference between the HD and HDF groups(P0.05).There were significant differences in weekly removal amount of ADMA by dialysis among HDF,HD and CAPD groups(P0.05).Conclusion The serum ADMA level of maintenance dialysis patients is markedly higher than that of healthy subjects.The removal efficacy of ADMA by CAPD is better than those by HD and HDF,and that by HDF is better than that by HD.


This review contrasts and analyzes the conception、clinical symptoms and aetiology of over-training syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome, many similarities can be seen from it. It is suggested that the disequilibria of the stress and the stress endurance may be the aetiology of over-training syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome; excessive exercise and negative life events can be regarded as the different forms of the excessive stress. Furthermore, the result may offer a new view for us to prevent over-training syndrome.


The approximate corona-starting relation for concentric cylinders Ec/δ = A + B/√rδ, long established at lower gas densities, has been checked in air to δ = 35 over the respective ranges of inner and outer cylinder diameters of 0.0178 to 0.635 cm and 4.72 to 15.40 cm (Ec = corona-starting field at surface of inner electrode; r = radius of inner electrode; δ = gas density relative to atmospheric; A, B = constants). The formula holds for both polarities as long as 1) the critical density beyond which spark-over occurs without antecedent corona is not exceeded and 2) a modified definition of corona starting is used for the negative discharge. Some peculiarities of high-δ corona are noted, including the marked effect of polarity on the reproducibility of Ec data and, under certain conditions, the appearance below Ec of a current of the same order of magnitude as normal corona current.


When glucose was added to carbohydrate-starved cells of Zygorhyncus moelleri the rate of oxygen uptake did not immediately rise to a constant value, but there was a lag period of 2 or 3 hours before it reached its maximum level. The length of this lag period increased from a few minutes for short periods of starvation to 2-3 hours after 12 hours in a carbohydrate-free medium. Factors believed to affect cellular permeability (a cationic detergent, adjustments of the pH, and of the potassium/calcium ratio) reduced the length of the lag period by not more than 40 per cent, of the original value without affecting the final rate of oxygen uptake. Investigation of the entry of glucose into the cells showed that the rate of oxygen uptake was not limited by the concentration of intra-cellular glucose for more that about 11 per cent, of the lag period in starved cells. The reasons for this difference in the percentage of the lag period apparently due to a permeability barrier are tentatively discussed in connexion with the route by which glucose enters the cells.


Cite as Kirichuk VF. Special issue of Russian Open Medical Journal dedicated to terahertz waves in medicine. Russian Open Medical Journal 2013; 2: 0401. Electromagnetic waves of extremely high frequency (EHF) are widely used in treatment of various diseases. Currently, employees of the Department of Physiology n.a. I.A. Chuevsky of Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky (Saratov, Russia) experimentally justified fundamentally new direction – the use of a new direction – the use of a public health practice terahertz electromagnetic waves of low power at frequencies of cellular metabolites – the natural regulators of numerous cellular functions of the body (nitric oxide, atmospheric oxygen, etc.). [ Numerous publications in Russian journals, including "Biomedical Technology and electronics", "Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine", "Russian Journal of Physiology n.a. I.M. Sechenov", "Cytology" and foreign editions over the last ten years have showed that such electromagnetic waves have the ability to normalize various defects of the bloodstream and the microcirculation, the rheological blood properties, prevent the development of intravascular coagulation, exhibit anti‐ inflammatory and analgesic effects, normalize lipid peroxidation of cell membranes and antioxidant protection, have anti‐stress effect. created an apparatus for terahertz therapy "Orbita" to which the Federal Service on Surveillance in Healthcare and Social development issued a license number 99‐03‐002043 on 17 June 2010 and registration certificate number FSR 2009/05497 of 14 August 2009 on its production, for sale and use in the Russian Federation. Terahertz waves at the frequencies of the emission spectrum of molecular and cellular uptake of the universal controller nitrous oxide and atmospheric oxygen is used in the treatment of various diseases of a cardiovascular system, burns, skin tumors, staphylococcal infection used in dentistry, addiction, gynecology, ophthalmology, traumatology, orthopedics and other areas of medicine. The proposed issue provides to the reader new data about the normalizing effect of terahertz waves at the molecular spectrum of emission and absorption of nitric oxide 150, 176 ... 150, 664 GHz and 129 GHz atmospheric oxygen to violations in regional and circulatory organs under stress – model violations in the cardiovascular system in various diseases, mechanisms of action are presented for the first time terahertz waves at frequencies of nitric oxide and atmospheric oxygen on disability of the organism. The clinical section contains articles on the clinical use of terahertz therapy.


" I thought that I was going to be a doctor, and I majored in science and later in mathematics. But when I got out of college, I decided to study art, " divulged Romare Bearden in a 1968 oral history interview. In New York, " I went to study with George Grosz at the Art Students League. " The German-born artist guided Bearden's understanding of draftsmanship and classical technique, introducing him to Ingres, Hogarth, Holbein, and Dürer and urging him to " really observe. " " I was born in Charlotte, North Carolina …. I grew up mostly in New York and some time in Pittsburgh, where I would go to see my grandmother, " Bearden said about his peripatetic childhood. But he added on another occasion, " I never left Charlotte except physically. " His family, part of the Great Migration north to escape racial segregation, became prominent in their new community, sharing in the intellectual, artistic, and political mainstream of the 1920s and '30s cultural movement, Harlem Renaissance. " When I fi nished studying with Grosz, I drew at home and I got a job as a political cartoonist. " But painting was what he wanted to do, so he got a studio in New York, same building as Jacob Lawrence and other artists, writers, and musicians, who became his friends. " I began at that time to do my Southern themes, the people that I'd seen as a young boy when I'd sometimes visit North Carolina …. " This promising career was interrupted by World War II, when he joined the army. " After the war, I began to arrive at some kind of personal identifi cation. " Like many in his circle, he traveled to France, " Paris was just like a thing of dreams to me. " But despite his fascination with the city and the people he met, among them Georges Braque and Constantin Brâncuşi, he did not paint at all there. Back in New York, he gradually overcame his desire to return to Paris and started to paint again, experimenting with color " not as decoration " but as " form, as space, " with " fl at painting, shallow space, Byzan-tine stylization, and African design. " " I think the artist has to be something like a whale, swimming with his mouth wide open, absorbing everything until he has what he …


The Ap\'ery numbers $A_n$ and the Franel numbers $f_n$ are defined by $$A_n=\sum_{k=0}^{n}{\binom{n+k}{2k}}^2{\binom{2k}{k}}^2\ \ \ \ \ {\rm and }\ \ \ \ \ \ f_n=\sum_{k=0}^{n}{\binom{n}{k}}^3(n=0, 1, \cdots,).$$ In this paper, we prove three supercongruences for Ap\'ery numbers or Franel numbers conjectured by Z.-W. Sun. Let $p\geq 5$ be a prime and let $n\in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$. We show that \begin{align} \notag \frac{1}{n}\bigg(\sum_{k=0}^{pn-1}(2k+1)A_k-p\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(2k+1)A_k\bigg)\equiv0\pmod{p^{4+3\nu_p(n)}} \end{align} and \begin{align}\notag \frac{1}{n^3}\bigg(\sum_{k=0}^{pn-1}(2k+1)^3A_k-p^3\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(2k+1)^3A_k\bigg)\equiv0\pmod{p^{6+3\nu_p(n)}}, \end{align} where $\nu_p(n)$ denotes the $p$-adic order of $n$. Also, for any prime $p$ we have \begin{align} \notag \frac{1}{n^3}\bigg(\sum_{k=0}^{pn-1}(3k+2)(-1)^kf_k-p^2\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(3k+2)(-1)^kf_k\bigg)\equiv0\pmod{p^{3}}. \end{align}


Abstract The possibility of global-scale transitions between atmospheric Hadley and Rossby regimes is investigated with a highly idealized, nonlinear, vertically continuous, rotating, spherical system. Low-order spectral versions of the model are used both to calculate ideal Hadley states and to determine their stabilities to certain three-dimensional baroclinic disturbances of any zonal wavenumber. The flow is forced by an idealized axisymmetric heating pattern based on zonally averaged atmospheric data, and is dissipated using an eddy viscosity formulation. The dominant modes in the heating pattern force a single meridional cell between the equator and the poles that is compatible with the simple boundary conditions. As the heating rate is increased, these states exchange stability with temporally periodic solutions that have the characteristics of Rossby waves. Although Ekman boundary layer and cumulus friction effects are not included, the transports of heat and momentum by the zonally averaged Rossby...


The effects of selection in the advanced generation of the parental single crosses of dO l1 ble cross , were investigated. On the basis of thcor 巴 ticalconsiderations , selection in the advanccd generation of the parental single crosses results i l1 the change of gene frequency , and through this change , the yielding abilities of the dO l1 ble cross becom 巴 tobe higher or low 凪 reS lts compariog l1 blecrosses ationof


For experiments where the strength of association between a response variable Y and a covariate X is different over different regions of values for the covariate X, we propose local nonparametric dependence functions which measure the strength of association between Y and X as a function of X = x. Our dependence functions are extensions of Galton's idea of strength of co-relation from the bivariate normal case to the nonparametric case. In particular, a dependence function is obtained by expressing the usual Galton-Pearson correlation coefficient in terms of the regression line slope ,3 and the residual variance o,2 and then replacing ,3 and 72 by a nonparametric regression slope 13(x) and a nonparametric residual variance o-2(x) = var(YIx), respectively. Our local dependence functions are standardized nonparametric regression curves which provide universal scale-free measures of the strength of the relationship between variables in nonlinear models. They share most of the properties of the correlation coefficient and they reduce to the usual correlation coefficient in the bivariate normal case. For this reason we call them correlation curves. We show that, in a certain sense, they quantify Lehmann's notion of regression dependence. Finally, the correlation curve concept is illustrated using data from a study of the relationship between cholesterol levels x and triglyceride concentrations y of heart patients.


The production and properties of the resonances in the system of Pi+Pi- were studied in the reaction np --> npPi+Pi- at the momentum of incident neutrons Pn=(5.20 +/- 0.12)GeV/c. In this work in comparison with previous ones we made more hard selection of events taking into account track measurement precise. In the distribution of the Pi+Pi- combinations effective masses we have found 8 peculiarities. All the observable peculiarities have spins equal to zero. There were no corresponding picks in the Pi-PI- and Pi-Pi0 - systems in the reactions np --> npPi+Pi- Pi- and np --> npPi-Pi0. So, we have observed a row of resonances with a set of quantum numbers 0+(0++) -- SIGMA0 - mesons decaying on the channel SIGMA0 --> Pi+Pi-. The obtained in other experiments masses coincide with the sequence of masses observed in our experiment. Especially good coincidence can be obtained in the K-matrix approach (see RPP).


Business goals in family businesses are often subsumed by family goals. As a result, reference performance for each family business is different. This makes the popular financial performance measure of publicly traded companies, profit maximization, insufficient for family businesses. We believe that for evaluating family businesses, the family members' satisfaction with firm performance is a better measure of performance. In the study, we identify three predictors of family members' satisfaction with firm performance and test the proposed linkages on two samples of family businesses.


Abstract - The research of Polypodiaceae taxonomy viewed by stomata types was conducted in Kaliurang Yogyakarta. The purpose of the research is to know is stomata type can be used as based of Polypodiaceae classification.The first step of the research was collected species of Polypodiaceae in Kaliurang. The second step was identified their stomata types and then compared the grouping of species based on their stomata type to grouping of species based on their classification. The conclution of the research is stomata type can't be used as (don't similar with) Polypodiaceae classification. Keywords : Polypodiaceae, stomata types, taxonomy


The present invention relates to an at least two in particular mounted on a vibrating machine, for generating directional excitation vibration of the vibration actuator having a vibration exciter device, said vibration actuator includes extending in parallel to each other capable of rotation relative to unbalance shafts (10; 20), in the unbalanced shaft is provided with at least one respective movable unbalanced mass (12; 22) and at least one corresponding fixed unbalance mass (14; 24), each of the unbalance movable shaft angular position of the unbalance by means of adjusting block means (2) is variable for adjusting the amplitude of the vibration excitation. Said adjusting means (2) comprises means for adjusting the amplitude of the central adjusting element (4), which acts on two unbalance shafts (10; 20) movable on unbalance block (12; 22), said central adjustment element is disposed coaxially with a rotation axis (aS), for the purpose of excitation vector adjustment vibration, the vibration exciter (1) capable of rotation about the axis (aS) of rotation.


The teaching profession is considered one of the important professions in any civilized people, and teaching Arabic in a non-Arab environment, as is the case in Indonesia, requires rehabilitation, training, and development. It starts from the previous stage of teaching in the Arabic language departments, whether in the College of Education or the College of Arts in Indonesian universities. During the teacher's work period, he continues to teach this noble language. The reality of teaching Arabic in Indonesia faces many problems, the most important of which are the linguistic weakness of Arabic language learners, the difficulty of creating an Arabic environment, the lack of books and literature in teaching Arabic, the lack of educational aids to teach Arabic in the existing curricula. The teacher is the reservation on the basis in any educational process. The existence of a good curriculum will be sterile without the availability of a skilled teacher, and teaching Arabic to non-native speakers is an area that requires linguistic, professional, psychological, and social capabilities that are rarely available to one person from the teachers, as language teachers Arabic in Islamic schools, and even in Islamic universities is often either a specialist in teaching a language who is not good at it, or a glorified one for a language who is not specialized in teaching it to non-native speakers, and we rarely see the presence of a linguistically glorified Arabic teacher who is familiar with the methods of teaching Arabic.


Full control of the growth dynamics and morphology of nanoscale molecular aggregates on substrates is a crucial factor for the development of novel materials and devices for technological applications. A novel computational approach based on molecular dynamics, which is able to predict the structure of nanoscale aggregates of organic small molecules on substrates as a function of growth and processing conditions, is presented. In the simulation protocol proposed, molecules are progressively added to the substrate, one by one, reproducing vacuum thermal deposition processes. The simulation parameters affect the structure of the configuration, and formation of molecular aggregates is spontaneously observed upon reaching a critical molecular density at the interface. Suitable simulation parameters allow to access different molecular aggregation morphologies on substrates, including crystalline phases, matching the structural variability observed in real fabrication conditions. This approach is benchmarked by simulating the morphology of aggregates of N,N′‐ditridecylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI‐C13), a prototypical n‐type semiconductor for organic electronics, on graphene, in different growth conditions. Simulations predict structural features of aggregates of PTCDI‐C13 on graphene that are in excellent agreement with experiments and, at the same time, provide a rationale and quantitative relationship between molecular structure and observed aggregation morphologies.


Distributed area coverage using multiple mobile robots poses several significant challenges. Minimizing the number of revisits and coordinating coverage across these robots are some of them. In this paper, we introduce a parameter called overlap_ratio to quantitatively define the overlap in coverage. Further, we design algorithms based on communication between the robots as the only coordinating tool. We demonstrate the utility of this parameter in conjunction with Pseudonet Coordination Architecture to develop area coverage algorithms through successive refinement. We analyze systematically how these algorithms perform on unknown terrains.


AbstractUsing ultraviolet (UV) light to disinfect water has recently become more commonplace, and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is increasingly being used to model, optimize, and test UV disinfection reactors. The vast majority of CFD-based UV reactor models assume the steady-state because it was thought that transient phenomena will not lead to significant differences in performance estimates. Recent studies have shown that this assumption may not be valid under certain circumstances, especially when large eddy simulation (LES) is utilized. However, there is no standard methodology to conduct a transient simulation of a UV reactor. The objective of this paper is to propose a standard methodology to model the performance of UV reactors using transient CFD. A simple single-lamp cross-flow UV reactor was used to perform a series of computational experiments to develop a proposed standard methodology for transient simulations, and this method was then verified using two more-complex reactors. The ...


ABSTRACT The increase of CO2 concentrations and temperatures may affect the plant development and production. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the increased temperature and carbon dioxide concentration on the development of cowpea cultivars. The experiment was conducted in growth chambers, with control of CO2 and temperature. A completely randomized design was carried out, in a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement [cultivar x temperature (day/night) x CO2], with three replicates. The duration of the cowpea vegetative and reproductive phases was evaluated and, at the end of the experiment, the number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, seed weight, shoot fresh and dry matter weight were quantified. Temperature affects the development of cowpea cultivars, and the temperatures of 29 ºC (day)/23 ºC (night) lead to a higher seed weight. The increase of CO2 leads to a higher number of pods and seeds and seed weight. The BRS Tapaihum cultivar presented the highest number of pods and seeds and seed weight. In addition, the temperatures of 32 ºC (day)/29 ºC (night) lead to a greater flower abortion in the BRS Pujante and BRS Tapaihum cultivars.


For further operating-cost reduction on transport aircraft, drag reduction by extended laminar flow on wings and empennages is mandatory. With carefully designed airfoils, laminar flow can be achieved even at high Mach and Reynolds numbers and moderate sweep angles. With laminar airfoils the fuel consumption decreases on the order of 30%. Twoand three-dimensional stability theory seems to be a good tool for determining laminar-turbulent boudary-layer transition caused by Tollmien-Schlichting and crossflow instabilities, but it must be checked by extensive flight tests.


After over 50 years of spaceflight, the calculation of the necessary margin on the thermal protection system of an entering spacecraft remains a largely ad-hoc (in a tactical sense) process governed by engineering judgment. Over the past several years, NASA has explored a more methodical technique through the application of statistically derived factors to various elements of the design. The current paper first reviews the history of margin application for several prior NASA missions ranging from Apollo to the Mars Exploration Rovers, then discusses a new probabilistic margin process, which was developed for the Mars Science Laboratory and Orion programs. The process is very data-dependent, and requires validation via a carefully crafted and executed test program including both ground and flight data. Examples of the application of this probabilistic process are given for Mars Pathfinder, Stardust, and the Mars Science Laboratory. This process is still a work in progress, and the paper discusses some of the key elements of it, along with potential ways by which the overall methodology could be improved. The eventual goal is the development of a rigorous link between TPS thermal margin process and the corresponding contribution to the overall heatshield reliability.


Coherent extreme ultraviolet beams from tabletop high harmonic generation offer revolutionary capabilities for observing nanoscale systems on their intrinsic length and time scales. By launching and monitoring acoustic waves in such systems, we fully characterize sub-10nm films and find that the Poisson's ratio of low-k dielectric materials does not stay constant as often assumed, but increases when bond coordination is bellow a critical value. Within the same measurement, by following the heat dissipation dynamics from nano-gratings of width 20-1000nm and different periodicities, we confirm the effects of the newly identified collectively-diffusive regime, where close-spaced nanowires cool faster than widely-spaced ones.


The purpose of this investigation was to examine the mechanomyographic (MMG) responses to maximal concentric (CON) and passive leg extension movements. Eight adult females performed maximal CON muscle actions and passive leg extension movements of the dominant leg on a calibrated CYBEX 6000 dynamometer at velocities of 30, 90, and 150°.s -1 . MMG and Electromyographic (EMG) signals were simultaneously recorded from the vastus lateralis (VL). The results indicated velocity-related dissociations among MMG amplitude, EMG amplitude, and peak torque during the maximal CON muscle actions. For the passive leg extension movements, however, the EMG amplitude values at each velocity were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the values at rest, but the MMG amplitude increased significantly (p < 0.05) with velocity. It was hypothesized that the velocity-related increase in MMG amplitude for the passive leg extension movements was independent of VL activation and may have been associated with turbulences of the intracellular and extracellular fluid mediums and/or cross-talk from the hamstring muscles.


This geophysical study was carried out to resolve an hydrogeological hidden structure known as the Oasis springs. These karstic springs emerge in the Ossau Valley situated in the North Pyrenean Zone of the Western Pyrenees. Previous geological studies have attributed the fractured reservoir to the Urgonian limestones buried under the alluvial apron. The complex geometry of the reservoir is totaly unknown due to the lack of information in the studied area. We have therefore conducted a high-resolution seismic reflection and refraction survey, including profiles orientated parallel and perpendicular to the valley axis. Near the springs, we have also conducted an experimental 3D-seismic reflection acquisition.


We design and experimentally demonstrated an ultra-compact modulator using transparent conductive oxide as the gate on 1-D silicon photonic crystal cavity. The device offers an ultra-small active volume (<0.06 μm3) and 46 fJ/bit energy efficiency.


Following the approach of Gregori and Sapena, in this paper we introduced a new class of contractions and we establish some common fixed point theorems in G-complete fuzzy metric. Also a theorem on the equivalency related to completeness is given. The results are a genuine generalization of the corresponding results of Gregori and Sapena.


The electron spin resonance spectra of nickel and cobalt have been studied in single crystals of MgO. Hyperfine structure was detected from the ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{61}$ isotope in the spectrum of ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{+2}$ and the hyperfine splitting constant ${A}^{61}$ found to be (8.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. X irradiation of cobalt-containing crystals results in the formation of ${\mathrm{Co}}^{+1}$ (isoelectronic with ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{+2}$). The hyperfine splitting constant ${A}^{59}$ is (54.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Comparison between ${A}^{59}$ and ${A}^{61}$ yields a value of 0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 nm for the nuclear moment of ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{61}$.


type="main" xml:id="jage12091-abs-0001"> We extend the Common Agricultural Policy Regionalised Impact Modelling System (CAPRI) with a regional computational general equilibrium (CGE) model to estimate the effects of the Pillar II of the Common Agricultural Policy. Our aim is to assess the modeling approach by comparing the scenario results with observations from the evaluation reports for rural development, supplemented with expert interviews and findings from the literature. For this purpose, an ex-post scenario is developed for Germany that models the effect of the Pillar II measures in 2006. We observe a moderate impact, namely, an increase in agricultural income (5%) and agricultural land use (0.15%), particularly grassland, and a substitution of arable land with grassland. This effect leads to a total increase in agricultural production, particularly of beef, and to an increase in total greenhouse gas emissions and total nitrogen surplus for Germany. Greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient surpluses per ha, however, are reduced. We observe that farm investment programmes displace private investment. The evaluation reports confirm the moderate impact and our major results, as does the comparison with other literature. However, the conclusions about agri-environment measures and their impact on income differ. The most important difference between our results and the evaluation reports and majority of the present literature is that we also quantify the joint effect between the whole economy and policy measures, with some contradictory effects.


This study is aimed at developing a management model of web-based instructional materials that can be used by teachers to obtain teaching materials, knowledge sharing and discussions in order to improve their professional competence. This research used Borg and Gall's theory, 4-D Model and Development Model Prototyping. The results revealed that based on the judgement of expert of educational technology, expert of web design, and expert of information systems, the model fits to be applied. The results from individual evaluation, small group test, and field test showed that 84, 00% of the web-based module can be used well. Furthermore, the results of the expert evaluation and field test indicate that the webbased module can be used by Indonesian teachers either individually or in groups and it is very helpful for learning activities


Machine Learning (ML) workloads are increasingly deployed at the edge. Enabling efficient inference execution while considering model and system heterogeneity remains challenging, especially for ML tasks built with a network of deep neural networks (DNNs). The challenge is to maximize the utilization of all available resources on the multiprocessor system on a chip (MPSoC) at the same time. This becomes even more complicated because the optimal mapping for the network of DNNs can vary with input batch sizes and scene complexity. In this paper, a holistic hierarchical scheduling framework is presented to optimize the execution time for a network of DNN models on an edge MPSoC at runtime, considering varying input characteristics. The framework consists of a local and a global scheduler. The local scheduler maps individual DNNs in the inference pipeline to the best-performing hardware unit while the global scheduler customizes an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) solution to instantiate DNN remapping. To minimize scheduler runtime overhead, an imitation learning (IL) based scheduler is used that approximates the ILP solutions. The proposed scheduling framework (CAMDNN) was implemented on a Qualcomm Robotic RB5 platform. CAMDNN resulted in lower execution time of up to 32% than heterogeneous earliest finish time, and by factors of 6.67X, 5.6X and 2.17X than the CPU-only, GPU-only and Central Queue schedulers.


The extraction process using organic solvent was optimized by the single factor test together with the orthogonal experimental design.The best extract condition was extraction using ethyl acetate at 40 ℃ for 3 h and the ratio of solvent to material 1∶12.The total carotenoids content was 63.20 μg/g.


This study limr at developing methods for minimizing driver's fatigue md its relationship with the driver's physiological S~LNS and music treatment. This rNdy hypothesized that music (in this case, an Indonesian wooden music called kolintang music) hdps to minimize the driver's fatigue at whccl. A laboraroty-based driving simulamr was crrablirhed in order to explore the relationship bctwcen the driver's physiological stater md the effectiveness of music in minimizing fatigue. Subjects (consisted of 5 males and 4 females driven aged between 20-30 yean old) were asked CO drive continuously for 2 hourr without music and anathec 2 hours with music (kolintang music) trearmcnt. EEG, EMG and BVP dam were taken for both conditions. Sevenl other dao were also obtin from the subject induding drivers' body movements and C~IOIS done by subjects while driving under a simulated Task. Findingr showed that there was no significant difference in the lcvd of fatigue before and afnr the music was innoduced to the driven. Nevertheless, the study has found that the methods and measurements used in uploring the relationship of those aspccts measured were suitable to be used as a criteria in developing a so-cdcd smart sensor for reducing the driver's f+w.


Genetic information is encoded over the four nucleotide alphabet {A, C, G, T} in the form of DNA helix (double-stranded structure). This structure consists of DNA strands with opposite orientation (called Watson and Crick strands), bonded via the Watson-Crick complementarity A-T, C-G. During DNA replication, each of these strands serves as a template for the reproduction of the complementary strand so as to produce two identical copies of the original DNA helix. Thus, we can say that the Watson and Crick strands are "equivalent" with respect to the information they encode.
The Watson-Crick complementarity is mathematically modeled as an antimorphic involution t. Hence, we can formalize the above-mentioned equivalence by the equivalence between a word and its image under t. This generalization enables us to extend the notions of periodicity and power (repetition) to those of pseudo-periodicity and pseudo-power. We call any word in u{u,t(u)}* a pseudo-power of u.
With the notion of pseudo-power, we extend two problems of significance which involve power of words, that is, the Fine and Wilf's theorem and the Lyndon-Schutzenberger equation. The first theorem answers the question of how long prefix a pseudo-power of u and that of v should share to imply that u and v are pseudo-powers of some common word. Onto the length of this prefix, we provide an upper bound 2 max(|u|, |v|) + min(|u|, |v|) – gcd(|u|, |v|), and later improve it slightly. We also investigate its lower bound by constructing words u, v which cannot be written as pseudo-powers of a common word, but some of whose pseudo-powers can share a prefix of length quite close to the upper bound.
The extended Lyndon-Schutzenberger equation is of the form au,qu =bv,q vg w,qw , where α(u, t(u)) ∈ {u, t(u)}e, β( v, t(v)) ∈ {v, t( v)}n, and γ(w, t( w)) ∈ {w, t(w)} m for some e, n, m ≥ 1. We ask the question of under what conditions on e, n, m, this equation implies that u, v, w ∈ {t, t(t)} + for some word t. The strongest condition we obtained so far is e ≥ 4, m, n ≥ 3.
Keywords: Watson-Crick complementarity, antimorphic involution, Fine and Wilf's theorem, Lyndon-Schutzenberger equation


The thermal-transport properties of Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ have been investigated using thermal-conductivity and heat-pulse measurements. The temperature dependence of the conductivity exhibits a resonance at 1.0 K. This has been shown previously to be due to resonant scattering of the phonons by O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ impurities. The attenuation of the heat pulses indicates that only the ${E}_{g}$ phonon mode is resonantly scattered. These results are correlated with previous measurements of the elastic constants of Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. The softening of the ${C}_{44}$ elastic constant at low temperatures can be accounted for by the interaction of the ${E}_{g}$ mode with the O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ impurities. Theoretical expressions are fitted to the thermal-conductivity, heat-pulse, and elastic-constant results. The level splitting of the O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states is found to be 2.8 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and the elastic dipole moment is estimated to be 3.4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. The properties of the O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ impurity states are shown to be similar to those of tunneling states of molecular impurities in alkali halides. A tunneling model for the O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states in Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ is proposed, and shown to be consistent with the experimental results.


Prestriking overvoltages and current chopping levels of SF/sub 6/ rotating arc switching devices are examined. Experiments have been carried out to determine the effects of circuit configurations on prestriking and current chopping. These results are compared with those of other switching media obtained under identical conditions. The prestriking overvoltages of the contactor were found to be restricted by its high-frequency current interruption capability and dielectric recovery rate. The dielectric recovery profile also restricted the magnitude of subsequent prestrike overvoltages to values smaller than the first transient. Current chopping levels increased with parallel capacitance. >


TD-SCDMA multicarrier Txs do not come without their challenges, but there is a solution available that is based on existing products.


Background/Aim of the work: Open distal radius fractures are rare compared to closed ones. They mainly affect young people with high-energy trauma and are burdened with a high number of complications, including non-union. In this case report, we describe the technique used to manage bone loss and non-union of the distal radius of a polytraumatized patient with an open Gustilo IIIB fracture of the wrist.

CASE REPORT
58-year-old man, suffering from head trauma and open right wrist fracture after motorcycle accident, underwent emergency damage control with debridement, antibiotic prophylaxis and stabilization in an external fixator. Then, he developed infection and bone loss, associated with an injury of the median nerve.  Non-union were treated with iliac crest bone graft, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

OUTCOMES
At the follow-up 6 months after the bone graft and ORIF procedure and 9 months after the trauma, the patient was clinically healed, with good performance status.

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment of non-union in open distal radius fractures with iliac crest bone graft is a viable, safe and easy surgical choice.


The optical shielding efficiency in ultracold collisions is investigated for the first time with atoms of different species (39K-Cs) with a close-coupling approach. The spontaneous emission is taken into account through a complex optical potential. The results show that an efficient shielding can be achieved in the presence of a blue-detuned laser. The role of the light polarization on the shielding efficiency is carefully investigated.


The changes induced in the structure and chemical state of size-selected Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ultrathin SiO2 films upon exposure to oxygen have been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). For low atomic oxygen exposures, chemisorbed oxygen species were detected on all samples. Exposure to higher atomic oxygen coverages at room temperature leads to the formation and stabilization of PtOx species (PtO2 and PtO). On all samples, a two-step thermal decomposition process was observed upon annealing in ultrahigh vacuum: PtO2 → PtO → Pt. For NPs in the 2–6 nm range, the NP size was found to affect the strength of the O binding. Contrary to the case of Pt(111), where no oxides were detected above 700 K, 10–20% PtO was detected on the NP samples via XPS at the same temperature, suggesting the presence of strongly bound oxygen species. In addition, for identical...


In the framework of the A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model, the multi-particle azimuthal cumulant method is used to calculate the linear and mode-coupled contributions to the quadrangular flow harmonic (v4) and the mode-coupled response coefficient as functions of centrality in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 200, 39, 27 and 19.6 GeV. This study indicates that the linear and mode-coupled contributions to v4 are sensitive to beam energy change. Nevertheless, the correlations between different-order flow symmetry planes and the mode-coupled response coefficients show weak beam energy dependence. In addition, the presented results suggest that the experimental measurements that span a broad range of beam energies can be an additional constraint for the theoretical model calculations.


The fiber optic gyroscope, which is solid state sensor, represents a highly successful impact of fiber optics on rotation sensing. It has advantages of small size and weight, and low cost. In the construction process, there are two things that cause to reduce accuracy; quality of optical components and DSP program. In this paper we reviewed structure and operation of interferometric optical fiber gyro and in continue, described process of derivation of rotation rate from output current and simulated this approach


The magic number and halo and /or skin (neutron) of the nuclei at or near neutron drip-line are studied using axially deformed relativistic mean field model with NL3 and NL3* parameter sets. The density profiles of some of selected nuclei in the light mass region of nuclear landscape are plotted for the purpose. A considerable difference in the densities of neutron and proton can be seen easily in all the cases studied. Also, single particle energy levels show the visible shell gaps at N = 28 and 40 which corresponds the sudden decrease in the two neutron separation energy. The two results are consistent with each other, while the shell gaps corresponding to the numbers N = 32 and 34 seem not to be supporting the magicity at these numbers in the isotopes considered here.


Besides death and taxes, there are currently two other certainties
in life. Firstly, it is known that our evolutionary wanderlust
knows no boundaries and that the number of travellers will
continuously increase. Hans Christian Anderson famously said that
'To travel is to live.' An estimated 4 billion people will take to the skies
in 2018, with more than 1.5 billion crossing international boundaries.
Secondly the number of humans living with diabetes is also increasing.
It thus is safe to say that an increasing number of people living with
diabetes will travel, reflecting global patterns. The International Air
Transport Association (IATA, 2016) predicts that global air passengers
will rise to over 7 billion annually by 2035 at current growth rates, and
to over 10 billion if current regulations are relaxed. Even if there is a
tightening in flight and border crossing regulations, the number will
still be close to 6 billion.


An individual's moral philosophy has been identified as one of the key components influencing ethical decision making in organisations. The Ethics Position Questionnaire (Forsyth, 1980) is designed to measure moral philosophy in relation to two dimensions, namely Idealism and Relativism. This study investigates the factor structure of this measure in a sample of Chinese managers, and compares the dimensions found to those found in the original study. In addition, a regional comparison is undertaken and results show that there are significant differences in moral philosophy across different regions in China. These results are discussed and suggestions for future research are made.


With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), the way people publish, retrieve and synthesise information has totally changed. The Web is a hypertext system consisting of a huge amount of information which has very different forms. The concept of geospatial Web content emphasises the geospatial context of online information. Due to the continued explosive increase in the volume and complexity of geospatial Web content, it is necessary to have some mechanisms through which content can be systematically organised depending on their geospatial characteristics, and can be efficiently accessed and interrelated. This paper presents the design and development of Geo-coded Spatial Navigation System (G-SNS), a hypertext navigation system that aims to provide an integrated user interface for navigation and browsing of geospatial Web content. Three case studies based on the G-SNS architecture in different application domains are developed and described: 1) Web Sites Finder enables users to find Web sites that are close to users' current locations, 2) Property List Map provides users with a map-based interface for searching and reviewing of real estate properties, and 3) Local News Reader categorises online news stories based on their geospatial context. INTRODUCTION With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), the way people publish, retrieve and synthesise information has totally changed. The Web is a hypertext system consisting of a huge amount of information which has very different forms. Through hyperlinks, related Web content distributed amongst Web sites are connected to each other, making the Web an interactive and decentralised environment (Kleinberg and Lawrence 2001). Using Web browsers, people navigate and browse the Web, following hyperlinks based on their interests or whim. However, there are no definite rules to guide Web authors on how to organise their content. Web sites that are not well designed make it a difficult user task for navigation and browsing The concept of geospatial Web content emphasises the geospatial context of online information. Beside traditional geographic data processing technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the recent advance of Web content geo-referencing technologies has provided many approaches to the identification and analysis of the geospatial context of online information, not only data and digital maps in geospatial databases, but also many types Web pages (Ding, Gravano and Shivakumar 2000; McCurley 2001). Due to the continued explosive increase in the volume and complexity of geospatial Web content, it is necessary to have some mechanisms by which …


The chapter explores the United States' vicarious identification with Israel, arguing that since the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel has served as a positive identity proxy. Two features of Israeli military might have proven attractive for the United States' vicarious identification with it: its preemptive military actions and its resounding military successes. Using generational analysis the chapter surmises that the increased connections made to Israel in the 1990s and 2000s by the United States are a result of the US Baby Boomer generation's admiration of Israel as heroic, right, and assertive and where this image served as a formative experience for that generation at the same time as the United States was at its military, moral, and cultural nadir in Vietnam amid the broader tumult of the 1960s and 1970s. This generational take may also explain the increased tensions between the two countries and even the unraveling of the United States' vicarious identification with Israel hereafter.


Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the ZnO quantum dots (QDs) were conjugated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Bistable memories utilizing an ensemble of the ZnO QD–MWCNT heterostructures were developed and the storage capability of the devices was significantly enhanced due to the conjugation of the ZnO QDs and the MWCNTs. Operating mechanisms of memory devices fabricated utilizing the ZnO QD–MWCNT heterostructures are described on the basis of the current–voltage results. The memory devices exhibited excellent environmental stability at ambient conditions.


Uzbek language is official and Russian language was lowered in low code in Uzbekistan. However, we doubt that Uzbek as official language has been functioning so far. In addition the number of Russian speakers in Uzbekistan is steadily on decrease. In these situations we can`t forecast the linguistic situation of Uzbekistan in the future. The very important variable to understand the linguistic situation of Uzbekistan in the future is the linguistic recognition and behaviors that now Uzbek and Russian young generation have mutually. If we understand these variables, we can predict the linguistic situation of Uzbekistan in the future. This paper is developed logically as it follows. First, the linguistic recognition that now Uzbek and Russian young generation has mutually. Second, linguistic behaviors of Uzbek young generation. Third, the real evaluation of the linguistic situation between Uzbek and Russian. Fourth, the prospect of the linguistic situation in the future according to the change of the linguistic status between Russian and Uzbek in Uzbekistan.


Using FPGA-accelerated simulations, we study the cycle-slip rate of 16QAM blind phase search implementations. While block averaging suffers from degraded BER when compared to sliding-window averaging, it results in lower cycle-slip rates and power dissipation.


Since the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, and especially since the Third Plenum of 1978, China has passed through a noteworthy "thaw" in cultural life. In sharp contrast to the ten years of the Cultural Revolution, this period was characterized by a remarkable diversity in artistic styles and genres, the appearance of works critical of (or irrelevant to) recent Party policies, increased sensitivity to foreign cultural trends, and the public rehabilitation of artists formerly in disgrace -many of whom had been purged in the early years of Communist rule (Barme, 1979; Brook, 1979; Chan, 1980; Cohen, 1980; Kane, 1981; Mackerras, 1979). While these changes have not been abrogated, their momentum was clearly broken in 1981, when the Party leadership determined that cultural life had become dangerously loose and initiated a national campaign against "bourgeois liberalism" in order to reimpose firmer political control over the arts.'


Elastic carbon materials with high compressibility are ideal candidates for flexible piezoresistive sensors. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanoblocks for fabricating compressible and elasti...


In this paper the visual inspection of microscopic images of blood is done for the identification of blood disorder. The results which are obtained from this identification can be used for classification of disease related to blood. Pathologists generally use the leukocytes to identify the various diseases. The traditional methods like fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), immunophenotyping, cytogenetic analysis, and cytochemistry are time consuming. So the proposed method is used for leukemia detection which is fast and used for analysis of normal and leukemic cells. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia the lymphocytes are infected and afterword it is termed as lymphoblast. In short duration the disease grows very fast so that it may destroy life. Since the early detection is important for doctors to treat the patient. In this paper segmentation and shape feature part is done and the results are explained. The MATLAB software is used for this technique.


In this work we provide an analysis over the period 1999 - 2015 of the effects of oil shocks on prices and GDP in a group of small Euro-area economies. The group includes Austria, Belgium, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. We use the structural near-VAR methodology and are thus able to model the joint interaction of area-wide macroeconomic variables and national variables. We find that under the EMU oil price shocks have been important drivers of business cycle fluctuations in almost all these countries. Moreover, an increase in oil prices produces significant recessionary effects in all the countries included in the investigation. Thus, although there are different sizes in the responses of output in the investigated countries, our main conclusion is that oil prices (still) matter for European economies


The positive influence of the microwave radiation on the melting of rocks is described. Local melting-down of specimens and subsequent flowing-out of red-hot magmatic mass was observed when andesite samples from the location of Ruskov (Slovakia) were heated in a microwave own with an output of 900 W. After 30 min of microwave heating of an andesite specimen of defined dimensions, its complete melting was observed and the temperature measured reached the range of 1260-1280°C.


Unlike chemoimmunotherapy regimens, which are given for a defined period, ibrutinib, a first‐in‐class Bruton's kinase inhibitor, allows most patients with CLL to remain on treatment for an extended period. Our experience, supported by sequential CT scan images, suggests that long‐term ibrutinib promotes a high response rate that improves in quality with time.


The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a SASE free electron laser using the last 1/3 of the SLAC two mile linac to produce 1.5 to 15 angstrom x-rays in a 100 meter long undulator for use in a variety of x-ray science experiments. In order to satisfy the demanding electron beam requirements, a new 135 MeV photo-injector will be built in an existing, off-axis vault at the 2/3 point of the main linac. The injector accelerator consists of a BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell S-band gun followed by two 3-meter long SLAC accelerator sections. The 6MeV beam from the gun is matched into the first accelerator section and accelerated to 135 MeV before injection onto the main linac axis with a 35 degree bend. Several modifications to the rf gun, linac and beamline as well as the inclusion of several diagnostics have been incorporated into the injector design to achieve the required 1.2 micron projected emittance at a charge of 1 nC. In addition, an inverse free electron laser, the laser heater, will be used to increase the uncorrelated energy spread to suppress coherent synchrotron radiation and longitudinal space charge instabilities in the main accelerator and bunch compressors. The configuration andmore » function of the major injector components will be described.« less


Rates of stress in Scottish undergraduate students are increasing at alarming rates. One study found that almost 90% of these students reported experiencing high levels of stress 1 . Despite consistent findings that Scottish undergraduates experience higher levels of stress relative to undergraduates in other countries, little is known about this population's primary sources of stress. Additionally, though university counseling centers provide outreach programming as a way of addressing student stress, not much is known about whether students perceive this programing to be effective. The purpose of this study was to compare student and campus counselor perceptions with respect to (a) prominent sources of stress among Scottish college students, and (b) types of outreach programs believed to be most beneficial for reducing student stress. Participants consisted of eight Scottish undergraduates and four campus counselors at a large Scottish university, who participated in a semi-structured interview that assessed perceptions of prominent student stressors, as well as the overall success of stress relief outreach programming provided by the university counseling center. Qualitative analysis was conducted to explore themes with respect to the two stated research aims. Results indicated that students saw their academic stressors as being more dynamic and influential than the counselors, while counselors were more focused on individual characteristics. Outreach was predominantly unused by the students due to a general lack of awareness while the counselors saw the service as effective, but underused. This disconnect would suggest a need for more student input in programs to address issues mentioned as being particularly relevant. Equally important is the need for programs that address awareness of the services available.


The success of object categorization is heavily dependent on the extracted image descriptors. In general, image or region segmentation is usually performed to segment an image into several regions or objects, and then some level-level features, such as color and texture, are extracted from each region. As a result, the region descriptor or the combination of multiple region descriptors can be used to represent a specific object or the whole image for categorization. Since there are many well-known region segmentation algorithms proposed in literature, and using different region segmentation algorithms can produce different region descriptors for the same images, no study examines the effect of region segmentation on object categorization. In this paper, we apply three well-known region segmentation algorithms for image feature extraction and representation, which are graph cuts, mean-shift segmentation, and normalized cuts. Then, the support vector machine (SVM) is used as the classifier for object categorization. Our experimental results based on Caltech 5, Caltech 8, and Corel 10 datasets show that the normalized cuts algorithm performs best. In addition, the image feature representation based on multiple region descriptors can provide more discriminative power than using center region descriptors.


The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of primary school teachers related to the application levels of differentiated instruction, and to investigate these perceptions in terms of participating in in-service training for this approach, presence of students with different characteristic, graduated faculty, and gender. In the study, survey method as one of the quantitative research designs was employed. The study group of the research was composed of 703 primary school teachers selected by random sampling. The study data were gathered with "Differentiated Instruction Scale" developed by the researchers. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS 18 software. As a result of the research, it was determined that the perceptions of primary school teachers related to the implementation of differentiated instruction were high. In addition, these perceptions of primary school teachers who participated in differentiated instruction training were significantly higher than those who did not, primary school teachers graduated from education faculties compared to those who graduated from other faculties, and female primary school teachers compared to men had higher perceptions of differentiated instruction. It was concluded that the perceptions of primary school teachers did not change significantly according to the presence of students with different characteristics in the classrooms. It is suggested that new studies should be carried out using the scale developed in this study and in-service training for differentiated instruction should be disseminated for teachers.


[Objective]Discussing the influence of Xuebijing injection to plasma endotoxin and liver function in the liver cancer treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).[Methods]Fifty-six liver cancer patients were randomly divided into two groups.The treatment group were given Xuebijing injection 50ml static drops accompanied by conventional treatment to protect liver blood after treated,two times one day,7 days one treament.The control group was only given the conventional treatment.At the same time,the endotoxin level before and after TACE treatment were detected.[Results]The plasma endotoxin level and serum ALT,AST,Tbil of the treatment group were moderately elevated compared with the level before treatment(P0.05),while the plasma endotoxin level and serum ALT,AST,Tbil of the control group were increased significantly(P0.05).The increasing level of the plasma endotoxin level and serum ALT,AST,Tbil was significantly lower than the level of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]Xuebijing injection can reduce the plasma endotoxin level in the liver cancer treated with TACE,thus reducing liver damage.


Energy in useful forms has become a very scarce resource. Traditionally common sources of energy have been fossil fuels which are both finite and contribute to greenhouse emissions. Therefore, much recent attention has focused on regenerative energy sources. Solar power, hydro power, wind power and tidal wave power have been some key alternative sources which are capable of generating Kilo Watts of power. At the same time, accessibility to such sources is not practical in many applications. As an energy solution for such applications, energy scavenging is a widely accepted technology. (Priya, 2009) Thermal energy, vibration energy and also radio frequency (RF) energy can be harnessed in energy scavenging. Although thermal and the vibration energy are already harnessed in wireless sensor network applications, RF energy harvesting has not been very popular. The main reason behind this lack o popularity is because the amount of RF energy which can be harnessed is below useful levels and only a handful of practical implementations are utilizing RF energy harvesting (Patel, 2014 & Pinuela, 2013). However, with a view to a wide range of potential other applications, we propose a RF energy harvester which is capable of delivering a useful power output. We particularly focus our design on a cellular phone charger which needs a very compact design unlike many of the other RF energy harvesting applications.


A system or family (Aγ: γ∈ N) of sets Aγ, indexed by the elements of a set N, is called an (a, b)-system if ¦N¦ = a and ¦Aγ¦ = b for γ ∈ N. Expressions such as "(a, <b)-system" are self-explanatory. The system (Aγ: γ∈N) is called a δ-system [1] if Aμ∩Aγ = Ap ∩ Aσ whenever μ, γ, ρ, σ ∈ N; μ≠ γ; ρ ≠ σ. If we want to indicate the cardinality ¦N¦ of the index set N then we speak of a δ(¦N¦) system. In [1] conditions on cardinals a, b, c were obtained which imply that every (a, b)-system contains a δ(c)-subsystem. In [2], for every choice of cardinals b, c such that the least cardinal a = fδ(b, c) was determined which has the property that every (a, < b)-system contains a δ(c)-subsystem.


The ascending projections of the dorsal column and external cuneate nuclei (DCN/CuE) in the pigeon were investigated in anterograde tracing experiments by using autoradiography or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP). The results show that the majority of ascending projections decussate via internal arcuate fibers to form a contralateral medial lemniscus which ascends in a ventral position. In the brainstem, terminal fields were observed in the ventral lamella of the inferior olive (OI), the parabrachial nuclei (PB) of the dorsolateral pons, the intercollicular nucleus (ICo) of the midbrain, and the nucleus pretectalis diffusus (PD). In the diencephalon there were terminal fields in the strata cellulare externum and internum (SCE and SCI) of the caudal hypothalamus; in the intercalated (ICT), ventrolateral (VLT), and reticular nuclei of the ventral thalamus; in the nuclei principalis precommissuralis (PPC), spiriform medialis (SpM), and dorsolateralis posterior, pars caudalis (cDLP) of the caudal thalamus; and in the nuclei dorsalis intermedius ventralis anterior (DIVA), dorsolateralis posterior, pars rostralis (rDLP), dorsolateralis anterior (DLA), and dorsolateralis anterior, pars medialis (DLM) of the rostrodorsal thalamus.


The present work deals with numerical investigation into geometric imperfection (bellmouth, undulation and barrel shape) of the journal on performance of a porous hybrid journal bearing system (PHJBs) operating under turbulent flow condition. The Reynolds equation governing the flow of lubricant in the bearing clearance space is modified by using the turbulent lubrication theory proposed by Constantinescu's. The bearing performance parameters are numerically computed using FEM. The effects of geometric irregularities, turbulent flow condition, and permeability parameters have been investigated on the performance of PHJBs. The theoretically obtained results indicates that the combined effect of turbulent flow condition and geometric imperfection offers enhanced values of h ¯ min , ω ¯ t h and rotor dynamic coefficients (stiffness and damping coefficients).


The idea that the nature of speech perception plays a role in shaping phonology is not new. There is a substantial literature that proposes and tests perceptual explanations for phonological patterns, e.g. Liljencrants and Lindblom (1972), Lindblom (1986), Ohala (1981, 1990, 1993). Most of this research addresses general tendencies in phonological patterning, e.g. the cross-linguistic tendency for front vowels to be unrounded, which leaves the problem of going from the general to the particular: particular languages may violate the general tendencies, as in the case of a language with front rounded vowels. Recently phonologists have begun to tackle this problem, incorporating principles that invoke properties of human speech perception into models that derive generalizations about phonological systems, but also allow for analyses of individual languages. This area of research has proven very productive, and there is now substantial evidence for the importance of perceptual considerations in phonological theory, but there is little agreement on the proper formalization of the influence of speech perception on phonology. This issue is the organizing theme of the chapter. A key element in the development of this research has been Optimality Theory (OT, Prince and Smolensky 1993), which offers a framework for constructing analyses of individual languages out of constraints expressing general preferences of the kind identified in the works cited above. In OT terms, the central question addressed here is: "What is the form of the constraints imposed on phonology by speech perception?" We will review the main types of evidence that have been used to argue for perceptual constraints in phonology to clarify exactly what kind of constraints they motivate. In the


Oral lichenoid reactions are histologically and clinically very similar to oral lichen planus, but differ, as in these cases the underlying cause is particularly identifiable. Various etiological factors for such lesion are dental restorative materials, drugs, food additives, oral hygiene products etc. Most common cause in oral cavity is contact sensitization to dental amalgam restorations which may result in clinical lesion as well as symptoms of burning sensation. Patch tests may identify such Case Study Sagari et al.; BJMMR, 6(12): 1201-1208, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.30


The importance of excellent tax policies in increasing foreign direct investment inflows should be stressed in all growing economies. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is critical to increasing productivity, particularly in developing nations. Taxes emanating from energy related business have also triggered this inquiry due to fumes being contended within the environment and the effect on human existence. Prior researchers have investigated a variety of issues including trade liberalisation, property taxes, market shares, corporate taxation, and rising prices. Fewer researchers have examined the tax implications of energy and information and communication technology (ICT) development as a predictor of FDI in low-income countries. Following the introduction of taxes on energy and ICT activities in Nigeria, foreign investments' responses have not been tried out in studies and yet the dwindling level has been an issue of policy concern. As a result, this study seeks to fill the gaps by evaluating the effects of energy and ICT taxes on FDI from 2010 to 2020. The data applied for this analysis are obtained from World Bank, Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and Central Bank of Nigeria. Considering the outcome of this investigation, the paper concludes that the ICT development tax is detrimental to FDI inflows using the econometric approach of regression analysis. The correlational analysis also provides evidence that ICT taxation has a strong negative association with FDI. Other factors, such as trade openness and energy taxes, neither have a substantial relationship nor impact on FDI. The study indicates that improving policies to minimise ICT taxation will benefit the expanding economy by recruiting new foreign investors and retaining those who are currently present in the country

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This paper builds a neoclassical growth model with monopolistic competition and perfect competition. The paper synthesizes the basic economic mechanisms in neoclassical growth theory and monopolistic competition within a compact framework. The economic structure is based on the SolowUzawa growth models. We model monopolistic competition on basis of the Dixit-Stiglitz model. This paper makes a unique contribution to growth theory by making deviations from the traditional approaches in household behavior in monopolistic competition literature and markets in neoclassical growth theory. We develop and then show behavior of the model by simulation. The calibration identifies a stable unique equilibrium point. The motion of the economy is plotted. We also studies comparative dynamic processes due to changes in degree of specialization, unit labor requirement for production of intermediates, output elasticity of intermediate inputs, propensity to save, propensity to consume service, and human capital.


http://inhabitat.com/piezoelectric-energy-generating-roads-proposed-for-california/ [7] O. Sandru. (2009. October 6). Israel Highway Equipped With Pilot Piezoelectric Generator System [Online]. Available : http://www.greenoptimistic.com/2009/10/06/israel-piezoelectric-highway/#.U1I2UifYHow • Massive amount of natural gas is consumed for electricity generation • UAE's energy consumption rate per person is one of the highest in the world • The use of long power lines can result in power losses as well as economical loses for maintenance • Power plants needs large areas of land • UAE has the highest carbon footprint per capita in the world` Solar vs. Piezoelectric: Dubai needs to install US$100 million worth of solar panels to meet its renewable energy target for Expo 2020. Around 200,000 solar panels that are capable of producing up to 50 MW of electricity to meet the emirate's aim of meeting 50 per cent of the expo 2020 electricity consumption [5]. On the other hand, in California, USA, experiments are being conducted and astonishing results were obtained, stating that the electrical energy produced can reach up to 44 MW annually [6]. Similar results were also obtained from experiments conducted in Haifa, Israel [7]. It is clear that the UAE is interested in alternative energy sources, and a comparison of these two sources is to be made based on: • Cost • Energy Generation • Dependent factors Situation Evaluation


Kupchan attempts to argue that the international order will soon be led by no one as multipolarity creates multiple conceptions of world order. Kupchan also rejects the "end of history" thesis and believes that the West's path to modernity was a unique result of historical factors. Yet, Kupchan's analysis occasionally fails to provide enough support for his claims and some of his recommendations for the West are misguided.


An interesting and, so far as can be ascertained, an original research study has recently been undertaken among a group of families where the mother or both parents were blind, with the object of ascertaining whether and, if so, to what extent, the sighed children of blind parents were in a "deprived" category.


the integrity of the NK–target cell interaction. On a deeper level, the positive findings in this study suggest a therapeutic window—a superbly delicate balance between activating and inhibitory signals of NK cells that may be exploited to target tumor cells exclusively. That is, tumor cells (in this case, AML) are on the brink of eliciting reaction from NK cells and are being protected by that delicate but specific bond between the KIR and the class I molecule. Furthermore, the data in this study support the "missing-self hypothesis": NKmediated tumor immunity is, at least in part, a function of the mismatch between KIR and HLA. The clinical relevance of this concept has been clouded by the variability of receptors within each patient's NK-cell repertoire and the inconsistent data linking clinical outcome and KIR-HLA mismatch.7 The success of this antibody suggests that KIR-HLA mismatch is a necessary mechanism of NK-cell immunosurveillance: the 1-7F9 antibody is so specific that any increase in cytotoxicity is likely due to the disruption of the KIR-HLA class I interaction. There are some questions raised by this study. How do the disinhibiting effects of this antibody compare with the cytotoxicity of KIRHLA–mismatched NK cells in an allotransplantation setting? Will autoreactivity of NK cells activated by 1-7F9 be a clinical problem? Finally, the idea of using autologous NK cells for this therapy may be limited purely by the number of available NK cells in the patient after chemotherapy for a hematologic malignancy. The 1-7F9 antibody presents a unique opportunity to shift the paradigm from searching for alloreactive NK cells to activating autoreactive NK cells. From the perspective of cost-effectiveness and ease, this is an attractive strategy. From the perspective of maximizing cytotoxicity, however, this therapy may not open the therapeutic window wide enough. Further manipulations could include ex vivo expansion, activation, and addition of NKmodulating therapies such as lenalidomide. Nevertheless, this article provides exciting new possibilities for the field of NK-cell therapy. Conflict-of-interest disclosure: The authors declare no competing financial interests. ■


This paper reviews the most significant critical references that, since the 70's, are referring to the possible influences or relations of resemblance be- tween Artaud's Theater of Cruelty and Griselda Gambaro's dramatic ideas in her neo-avantgarde theater. Starting from this review and from the re-read- ing and contextualization of the ideas collected by Artaud in The Theatre and Its Double, the specific scope of this critical issue is analyzed and discussed.


Fog is one of the most dangerous weather types with more fatalities than winter storms. It is in the interest of general public that a precise, predictive and accurate fog density map with high spatial resolution can be created. Currently, the definition of fog as used by national weather services is so detailed and technical that the fog can be identified only at a few locations by means of the prescribed light scattering experiments. With the rising availability of cameras in public places such as airports, streets and highways, a large amount of data on the occurrence of fog becomes available to researchers. In this article we describe methods for determining not necessary only the existence of fog, but sometimes a visibility distance - a type of optical penetration length - as well. We will show that digital cameras can be a reliable alternative or complementary method for creating fog visibility maps when processing of image data is used.


The paper discusses the connation of library crisis management,analyses the actuality of Chinese library crisis management and indicates the necessity of carrying out crisis management in modern library.Based on the crisis management theory,the author advances the framework of modern library crisis management and corresponding measures of constructing the library crisis management system.


Objective To investigate the suitability and proliferation capacity of human platelet lysate in the production of bone-marrow stromal cells.Methods Human platelet lysates(PL) were prepared by freezing and thawing the platelet rich plasma.Marrow stromal cells(MSCs) were cultured in media containing PL and their proliferation status was evaluated by MTT assay.Furthermore,cell phenotypic characteristics were analyzed by flow cytometry and the differentiation along adipogenic and osteogenic pathways were assessed by histological staining in vitro.Results MSCs cultured in medium containing platelet lysates displayed a typical fibroblast-like morphology.Flow cytometry showed that they were homogenously negative for CD14,CD31,CD34,CD45 and HLA-DR and positive for CD73,CD90,CD105 and CD166.Differentiation capacity was preserved throughout the long-term culture.Compared with fecal calf sera(FCS) selected from lots,platelet lysates exhibited more potent activities to support the expansion of MSCs.Conclusion It is concluded that human platelet lysates might be an optional substitute to FCS for MSCs proliferation in vitro.


B lack individuals have a higher incidence and prevalence of essential hypertension (EH) compared with whites. 1 Furthermore, morbidity and mortality rates are higher in black EH compared with white EH patients. Over the past decade, factors suggested to explain this ethnic disparity included dietary habits, obesity, and insulin resistance. 4 Augmented activity of the Na-K-2Cl cotransport in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, 5 a strong correlation between uric acid levels and total peripheral resistance, 6 and increased activity of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel 7 have been also reported. Furthermore, studies using mapping by admixture disequilibrium have identified a strong association between gene variants in a region on chromosome 22 and the development of hypertensive renal disease in black individuals. Although the mechanisms responsible for the development of hypertension in black EH patients carrying these gene variants remain unknown, 10 mutations in the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain gene (MYH)9 have been associated with disease syndromes that include leukocyte inclusion bodies, suggesting higher propensity for inflammation. 11 In turn, inflammation plays a central role in mediating vascular dysfunction in hypertensive patients. 12 For example, elevated circulating levels of transforming growth factor-β, 13 interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 directly correlate with the extent of pulse pressure in black EH patients. 14 Furthermore, endothelial activation is higher in ethnic minority participants (comprising black, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans) than among European American populations , suggesting an important role of inflammation, endothelial activation, and matrix remodeling in the pathogenesis of hyper-tension and its complications in ethnic minorities. 15 Circulating inflammatory endothelial cells (IECs), which detach from the vessel wall in sites of vascular injury, hold potential to become unique markers of endothelial inflammation. These cells are characterized by the expression of vas-cular adhesion protein (VAP)-1, a cell adhesion molecule that Abstract—Morbidity and mortality attributable to hypertension are higher in black essential hypertensive (EH) compared with white EH patients, possibly related to differential effects on vascular injury and repair. Although circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) preserve endothelial integrity, inflammatory endothelial cells (IECs) detach from sites of injury and represent markers of vascular damage. We hypothesized that blood levels of IECs and inflammatory markers would be higher in black EH compared with white EH patients. Inferior vena cava and renal vein levels of CD34+/KDR+ (EPC) and VAP-1+ (IEC) cells were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting in white EH and black …


Nowadays, the law on bankrupty only ordered the authority to Commercial Court to accept the bankrupty petition. In the future, existence and performance of Commercial Court will face a variety of problems and challenges by various types of procedural law with different legal system background so it takes a special skill for the judges and institutions. In the development of Intellectual Property Rights dispute resolution, its authority become an absolute authority of Commercial Court. Dispute resolution process in Intellectual Property Rights field has special characteristic and special needs in Procedural Law, skills, and knowledge for judges and clerks who handle it. Itcan be suggested the need for judges who mastering the law on Intellectual Property Rights, criminal procedure, and the institution itself to dispute Intellectual Property Rights in the future.


This research aimed to find out the role of hypnotherapy in the process of reducing anxiety among the injured athletes. This research was conducted on Jerry Lolowang as the main informant using paradigm and qualitative method, to result in a comprehensive understanding on the phenomenon studied. Specifically, this qualitative research employed case study research design – Life History. Four criteria were used: credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Data validation was carried out using data triangulation on the informant considered as close to Jerry Lolowang. The analysis in this research was conducted in four stages: data collection, data reduction, data display, conclusion verification. The result of interview with Jerry Lolowang as the basketball athlete who has ever been injured or sick showed that hypnotherapy is one way of decreasing anxiety during injury or illness. Cancer is a set of diseases characterized with uncontrolled growth of certain body cell leading to cell damage and other body tissues, and cancer can affect everyone including athletes. Hypnotherapy can help the process of reducing anxiety and curing other medical diseases such as cancer, by improving an individual's life spirit to always think positively, and not afraid of his injury in order to improve his body immunity in dealing with his injury.


In a previous paper (Yogev and Yom-Tov 1994) we reported the results of experiments demonstrating that the Spur-winged Plover (Vanellus spinosus) was a determinate layer. In those experiments we removed or added eggs to nests after the laying of the second, third or fourth egg in a clutch. Because removal of the first egg in plovers causes desertion of the nest, we did not apply this procedure. However, during our study we observed 20 nests in which the first egg disappeared, mostly due to predation by Hooded Crows (Corvus corone), and in all cases the female deserted the nest. Six ofthese females continued laying within the normal laying interval of l-2 days in another nest, and none laid a clutch larger than the normal four-egg clutch. This result contrasts with the assertion of two recent reviews, that have stated that five species of Charadriidae (including the congeneric V. vane/h@, are indeterminate layers (Kennedy 199 1, Haywood 1993). In order to clarify the discrepancy between the above two reviews and our own results, we conducted another series of removal experiments in which the first egg of the clutch was removed. The experiments were conducted during the 1995 breeding season (March-June) with the same population studied previously (Yogev and Yom-Tov 1994). All pairs were identified by a combination of colored rings on the legs. We removed the first laid egg from 23 nests while from three nests we removed the first and second eggs after the second egg was laid. Among the nests from which the first egg was removed, three females did not continue to lay, five females continued laying in the same nest and mean clutch size (including the removed egg) was 3.4 (3 clutches of 3 and 2 of 4 eggs) and 15 females continued laying in a second nest. In four of these 15 nests laying resumed four or five days after the removal of the first egg, but it is possible that an additional egg was laid during this time interval and disappeared before we detected it. In nine of the 15 new nests, the first laid


This study examines the relationship between anxiety and cognitive style, as measured on the Stroop Color-Word Test. A sample of 253 respondents, selected on the basis of their anxiety scores, were administered the Stroop Test and Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS). The subjects were divided into two groups, the most and the least anxious, depending upon their anxiety scores on the KUAS. The results showed no significant difference between the most and least anxious groups in cognitive style, indicating increased interference in both groups. These findings suggest the susceptibility of both groups to constricted cognitive style, and their propensity to interference effects on the Stroop test.


Angle and recoil velocity distributions have been measured for the scattering of CS2 molecules from a crossed beam of rare gas atoms. Both beams were expanded through nozzles and seeded with H2 in order to provide rotational cooling of the CS2 molecules and narrow collision energy distributions, ranging from E=8.1 to 30.7 kJ/mole for Xe+CS2. Angular distributions of CS2 scattered in the plane of the crossed beams were measured by rotating the beam sources about a stationary mass spectrometer. The scattered beam was modulated with a pseudorandom binary sequence and the flight‐time distribution of the scattered molecules was calculated from the cross correlated signal with an on‐line computer. The measured velocity–angle contour plots show that the translational to vibrational excitation cross section is small compared with the translational to rotational excitation cross section and that the latter is strongly peaked in the forward direction. The CS2 angle and recoil velocity distributions are strongly cou...


Seven examples of anomalous muscle bundles of the right ventricle have been presented. In one patient having an associated ventricular septal defect, spaces between the anomalous muscle were confused surgically with the ventricular septal defect. In the remaining six cases, the anomalous muscle bundle caused obstruction within the right ventricular cavity. Five of these patients had associated ventricular septal defect, with a clinical picture resembling that of the cyanotic or acyanotic tetralogy of Fallot. The cases served to demonstrate that the surgeon who exposes the right ventricle to relieve an obstructive lesion in the right ventricular infundibulum or in the pulmonary valve, may find no such lesions in these locations but instead may be dealing with an obstruction more proximal than these areas. Relief of the obstruction within the right ventricle may be attained by resecting the anomalous muscle mass. In one patient having intact ventricular septum and pulmonary valvular stenosis, an anomalous muscle bundle within the right ventricle which lay proximal to the infundibulum was responsible for persistent right ventricular obstruction after pulmonary valvotomy. Anomalous muscle bundles in the right ventricle may be suspected when, in the angiocardiogram, they cause filling defects within the right ventricle.