Objective To investigate the effect of conventional therapy + carvedilol on cardiac function improvement in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods 90 patients with chronic heart failure in our hospital from January to June 2013 were randomly divided into observation group and the conventional group,with 45 patients in each goup, all patients were given cardiac, diuretic drugs and ACE inhibitors, and on the basis, the treatment group was given carvedilol maintenance therapy, after 3 months all patients were given echocardiography to measure left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd) and systolic diameter(LVESd). Results After treatment, LVEF of two groups were all increased, LVEDd, LVESd were reduced than those before treatment( P0.05), LVEF of treatment group was higher than that in the conventional group, LVEDd, LVESd were lower than that in the conventional group(P0.05); total effective rate of treatment group was significantly higher than the conventional group(P0.05).Conclusion Conventional therapy combined with carvedilol long-term maintenance therapy is effective in improving cardiac function, can relieve symptoms of heart failure, worthy of application.


In this study, we examined the impact of olfactory cues on consumers' food-product purchase behavior. Specifically, we applied a category management (CM) perspective. The theories of CM, cue congruence, and hedonic orientation for purchase behavior were applied using data collected through an experiment. These data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The presence of olfactory cues has a positive impact on purchase behavior, as measured by product category sales, and no significant cannibalization effect on spatially related product categories occurred. Hedonism and cue congruence explain category differences and intra-category development. This study is the first to address changes in cross-category and within-category behavior resulting from an olfactory cue. We compared two effectiveness moderator theories: cue congruence and hedonic orientation. As a methodological improvement, we measured actual sales (instead of consumer intent) and complementary data via qualitative interviews.


1,2,3B.E Student, Dept. of Electronics Engineering, AET's ACE, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract With the advancement of technologies in the market the standards are needed to revolutionize an attempt to implement 'Smart Switch Board' to operate over fully home automated system which provides the user vast reliable features from simple switch control to load current intensity variable features, face recognition approach to have predefined designed features for the user to control different parameters for different household appliances, which can be achieved by algorithms like CNN as it provides higher efficiency additional to face recognition and security system for the home is an optional feature to the user to stay protected against any theft which may enter the house such that if the face is recognized with the known database then it is matched with the desired user parameter else it is identified as theft and desired actions are performed along with rising alert.


We conducted research to examine 1862, 1890, and 1994 land-grant and Sea Grant Extension program leaders' perceptions about Extension public policy education (PPE). Most agreed that PPE is important work. Existing PPE has focused on issue-oriented community development, natural resources, or agriculture topics. Our results indicate that there is no clear priority, funding, or support for Extension PPE and that most programs lack associated policies or staff training. For Extension to fulfill its role in society, increased focus must be placed on PPE through administrative support and professional development that empowers everyone in Extension to build PPE into their work.


The multiple-recursive matrix method is a general linear method for the generation of uniform pseudorandom numbers and vectors which was introduced and studied in earlier papers of the author. In this paper we improve on various bounds in this method by using information on ?-splitting subspaces of finite fields.


Laboratory experience, now almost a byword in teacher-education circles, is fostered in many different forms. An un usual approach is described here by Mr. Mauth, of Ball State Teachers College, Muncie, Indiana. His methods for the objective measurement of results lend themselves to equally effective usage in other experiments in this important facet of the preservice program.


This essay examines calls for methodological eclecticism based on the "compatibility thesis," arguing that they fail to take seriously the assumptions of method and, in so doing, fail to provide a methodological perspective that adequately incorporates the centrally important task of critically examining the theoretical background of methods and conceptual frameworks for research. The authors offer an alternative view of method use and a set of guidelines that emphasize the importance of contextual sensitivity, creativity, conceptual awareness, coherence, and critical reflection in research and evaluation practices.


A coin type (button type) electrochemical cell is configured of a negative electrode can configuring a negative electrode side and a positive electrode can configuring a positive electrode side. Then, the negative electrode can and the positive electrode can are formed of non-magnetic stainless steel which does not have magnetic properties due to plastic processing. Specifically, the negative electrode can and the positive electrode can are formed by using high manganese stainless steel or SUS305 having a high nickel (Ni) content. In this way, the negative electrode can and the positive electrode can are formed of non-magnetic stainless steel which maintains non-magnetic properties even after being processed into the shape of a coin, and thus it is possible to provide a non-magnetic electrochemical cell, and as a result thereof, it is possible to provide an electrochemical cell which is not affected even at the time of being arranged in the vicinity of a magnet.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of servicescape in a convention center on participants` satisfaction, word of mouth to others, and revisit intention. Based upon 478 responses from a field survey during 2008 Unicity Global Convention corporate meeting, the results show that convenience, attractiveness and accessibility of servicesacape were related positively on participants` satisfaction. However, human service and surrounding factors were shown not significantly effective on satisfaction. In addition, participants` satisfaction was related positively on the intention to word of mouth and revisit.


Introduction. Meta-games and meta-gaming refer to various second-order conceptions of games and gaming. The present article discusses the applicability of the notions of meta-game and meta-gaming i ...


by Agung Santoso Anchor selection procedure is a crucial step that should be conducted before DIF analysis can be employed effectively. A DIF analysis that uses a contaminated anchor set suffers from high false alarm rate and low power, making the analysis fails to identify DIF items and incorrectly detects DIF-free items as having DIF. Therefore many methods of anchor selection procedure have been proposed, many of which utilizes Null Hypothesis Test (NHT) to select anchor items. In such methods, one includes an item into an anchor set if the DIF analysis provides a non-significant test. Such procedures are flawed due to two problems. First of all, claiming an item as DIF-free item when the test fails to reject the null hypothesis are based on an incorrect understanding of a non-significant result. Failure to reject the null hypothesis cannot be treated as a piece of evidence in support of the null hypothesis. The second problem is the dependency of anchor selection procedure using NHT on sample size: with sufficiently small sample size, items with large magnitudes of DIF can be identified as DIF-free items, while with sufficiently large sample size, items with negligible DIF magnitudes can be excluded from the anchor set. The current study proposed two anchor selection procedures based on equivalence testing, which is more in line with the goal of identifying DIF-free items as anchor and does not suffer from the two problems mentioned before. The two anchor selection procedures


The invention relates to a turbine turbofan structure. The turbine turbofan structure comprises an inner vane, an outer vane, and a turbine turbofan body. The inner vane is welded on the inner wall of the turbine turbofan body in a distorted and spiral mode. The outer vane is welded on the outer wall of the turbine turbofan body in a distorted and spiral mode. The inner vane and the outer vane form an inclined angle of 75 degrees with a horizontal surface. The turbine turbofan structure makes full use of wind energy to move, eddies which are incremental in rotating speed from center to periphery enable fluid wind to be sucked into the eddies from a central area of the eddies. Suction force is produced through an eddy center and hoists the wind sent by an air feeder to impel a drive device to generate electricity.


with biogenic CH4 as the prevalent chemical compound. The environmental impact due to AC and EU was split into feeding management and emissions from manure inside the shed and direct on the pasture. For the AC and EC the main polluting compounds were NH3 in air followed by N2O in air and PO4 in water. The component with the highest environmental impact in terms of NRE was crude oil followed by energy produced from natural gas. We could conclude that dairy sheep farming should be systematically monitored to minimize the impact of its activity on environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. national parks) without impairing its competitiveness.


����� ��� According to Pietists, Jews had "gone astray ," but were nonetheless a good people, and more importantly, they had a key role to play in God's universal plan. In their many publications, and in particular in the periodical Sammlung Auserlesener Materien zum Bau des Reichs Gottes (hereafter: Bau des Reichs Gottes), Pietists thus tried to rehabilitate Jews in the public's eye. Pietism's opponents, representatives of the orthodox Lutheran church, were just as concerned with influencing public opinion. In their own publications, especially the journal Unschuldige Nachrichten von Alten und Neuen Theologischen Sachen (hereafter: Unschuldige Nachrichten), orthodox Lutherans used negative stereotypes about Jews to condemn both Jews and Pietists as pollutants of church and society. In their respective periodicals, orthodox Lutherans and Pietist reformers carried on a public debate about the proper role of Jews in society, about which rights they should have, and about the appropriate kind and scope of contact between Christians and Jews.2


Santa Barbara Basin is one of the most interesting of the fourteen submarine basins off southern California because of the high organic productivity of its surface waters and the low oxygen content of its bottom waters. In its deep central area the sediments contain hydrogen sulfide and few benthic animals. Long cores of the sediment show that, during the past, there were many alternations between periods when benthic animals were rare and periods when they were relatively abundant. During periods of rare benthic animals, the wintertime deposits of detrital silts and clays and the springtime deposits of diatoms were preserved as laminae, a type of varve. During periods of more abundant benthic animals, the laminae became so thoroughly mixed by burrowing and other animal activities that homogeneous deposits were produced. Interrupting both kinds of deposits are silt and clay layers, formed by turbidity currents which spread throughout the basin but which seem to have had little effect on benthic life.


The paper presents place, role and mining of, operative planning" in Crises management system, leaded as a perspective process in System of the national security of Republic of Macedonia. The contest of paper reflect of the very importance mining, necessary and justifiable from education of personnel throw implementation of education process in segment of security and defense, stressing of the Crises management system.
Throw contemporary access of researching it make practical doing of tools and models for its supporting, using own methodological access and using scientific and practical verified steps, technique and instruments, as well as theoretical and practical access of operative planning (characteristics, essence, defining, elements, reasons, important, necessaries) methods and methodology of planning, making of the operative plans, implementations of the system of planning, programming, budgeting and executive process, appliance of SWOT analyses and matrix, and other aspects necessarily for realization of effective Crises management system.
 Implementation of the ,,operative planning" in education system, provide rolls for qualify preparations of the future professionals and experts in part of Crises management system. With Developing personal in this oblast, it does establishing and supporting of necessary level of redlines on the national stage. In that way, the mechanisms for under taking measures and activities could be: early prevention, prevention and management with risks and threats, directed to menace of life and health of the people, material, cultural and natural goods, as well as common security of state.
In that context, the successful educational access presents to useful using of the ,operative planning", as a part of educational process, also, as a very important segment of practical appliance of measures and activities for implementing of Euro-integrations of security perspective of the Republic Macedonia.


In Indian Punjab, industry is still discharging the untreated effluents in the sewage system. Being a cheap source of irrigation, farmers are applying this water to their fields. The composition of these waters varies depending upon the nature of industry. For example, the concentrations of Cd, Ni and Co were higher in sewage water of industrial area manufacturing metallic products than from textile, dye and wool industry. High Cd concentration was observed in sewage water of electroplating industry and Cr content was high in sewage water of leather industry. The Cr content was found to be 140 times higher than the maximum tolerance limit for discharge of effluents on land. In comparison to groundwater, the sewage water had 4 to 2300 times' higher content of different elements. Soil samples collected from sewage and nonsewage irrigated fields, at different times, from three major cities of Punjab, India showed a build up of elements in fields irrigated by effluent containing sewage water. The accumulation was observed up to 30 to 60 cm depth. The plant samples collected from the same fields also showed higher concentration of most of these elements in different parts. However, the build up in plants was not proportional to the build up in soils, indicating that most of the potentially toxic elements are still being retained by the soils. The accumulation within the crops also varies, in some crops such as cauliflower the accumulation in edible parts was higher as compared to no-edible parts, whereas in other crops such as potato and tomato the reverse trend was observed. The sewage water of non-industrial towns can safely be used directly for irrigation, if it meets the other requirements such as salinity and pH etc. There is a need to pre-treat the effluents of industrial cities/areas before their disposal in the sewage system and also to continuously monitor the status of these elements in soils as well as in crops to prevent any health hazard to human/ animals consuming food grown on such soils.


This article examines the relationship of intellectual competence manifestations, gender of people in their late teens and the degree of enrichment of the educational environment in which they are located. The study involved 191 older teens (112 girls and 79 boys) at the age of 15 years. Methodological base is the method "Interpretation" [15; 16]. The results showed differences in the degree of intellectual competence's manifestations in both boys and girls, depending on the measure of the richness of the educational environment. At the same time indicators of competence was significantly higher in girls than boys, who are trained in school without any particular specificity of pedagogical influence, while this differentiation was not reveled in participants from schools with linguistic and physical specialization. The results reflect both theoretical and practical novelty of the proposed approach, both because of the use of the narrative approach to the measurement of intellectual competence, and data on more competence of girls enrolled in school without some specifics of pedagogical influence in later adolescence compared with boys of the same age and other groups of older adolescents undergoing training in an enriched educational environment. The findings extend our understanding of the intellectual competence manifestations in their late teens and guide researchers to seek new methods of studying both the competence and its components, and the factors that influence it. In addition, special importance would present the study of manifestations of intellectual competence in other age periods, that will build the temporal dynamics of the revealed law.


How useful is the knowledge we add to an expert system? What is important knowledge? Can too much knowledge be bad? These questions are examined by presenting the preliminary results of experiments that paired programs with varying amounts of chess knowledge against each other. The experiments illustrate problems of interacting knowledge and give some insight into methodologies for "teaching" expert systems.


The present invention relates to a method for preparing a solid particle emulsifying agent by using a micro-channel mixer. The method comprises that: (1) an amphiphilic random copolymer is synthesized; (2) the amphiphilic random copolymer is dissolved in a co-solvent to obtain a liquid A, and the co-solvent is added to ultrapure water to obtain a liquid B; and (3) the liquid A and the liquid B are respectively placed in a syringe, the syringes are arranged on a single-channel injection pump, and are connected with a micro-channel mixer, the liquid phase A and the liquid phase B meet and are mixed at the crossing position of the channel, enter the channel to self-assemble to form micelles with a uniform particle size, and the micelles are frozen in a large amount of deionized water. According to the present invention, the preparation method has characteristics of simpleness, mild conditions, easy reaction condition control and easy industrial scale-up; with control of the external conditions, the particle size of the prepared assembled micelle particles is uniform and is 30-400 nm, and the micelles have a sphere structure with the loose outer layer and the compact inner layer; and the emulsifying effect of the particle emulsifying agent prepared by using the micelles is good.


Irrigational reinforced concrete hollow wide-flat beam should be reinforced locally because the building functions were changed.Enlarge section is a common method to solve it.Inspired by suspension bridge,the wire cable is used to reinforce the wide and flat reinforced concrete beam.It is a good attempt to strengthen the member under unique circumstances.


Abstract Fromkin et al. (2014:278) hypothesize that word-final /z/s are devoiced when they are inflectional suffixes, but non-morphemic /z/s are not devoiced. To date, no known study has tested this hypothesis for any English dialect. The present study tests this hypothesis in Central Minnesota English (CMNE) by making use of five acoustic correlates: F0, center of gravity (CoG), intensity, duration, and the 40/60 Threshold. Nine participants, five males and four females, produced 17 words containing word-final /z/s. The findings reported in this study are based on 765 acoustic tokens (17 x 9 x 5). Overall, the acoustic analyses validate the first part of the hypothesis, but not the second part. Our findings are significant because of their relevance for the sociophonetic studies of language change and variation and for automatic speech recognition. Creative Commons License


As we prepare for a new US president, many chemists are wondering how the administration change may affect them and their work. Will President-Elect Joe Biden alter immigration policies that have r...


Introduction: Endovascular Therapy (EVT) has overwhelming efficacy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. There is debate regarding whether the administration of ...


The Human Tissue Act 2004 has afforded communicating with the acutely bereaved about the processes of donation after death is a complex area of clinical practice and as such is undertaken by a team of specially trained nurses. The Human Tissue Act 2004 and the guidance laid down in the Human Tissue Authority Codes of Practice, makes appropriate consent the fundamental principle of the new legislative framework. We see consent as a flow and not an event and this is broken down into key stages which are worked through using conversational style language, which ensures a compassionate delivery of information and a good quality consent or refusal. Within the NBS, the donation conversation is conducted by telephone which has some significant advantages for both the family of the deceased and the organization. The full implementation of the Human Tissue Act in September 2006 brings with it an opportunity to ensure that many more people have their donation wish fulfilled, but there are challenges around this for both NHSBT and the wider NHS.


Edible shoots and timber are just two of the most recognised uses of bamboo, a plant of economic, social and cultural significance throughout Asia. However, this fast-growing perennial member of the grass family also has a wide range of environmental applications, including carbon sequestration, wastewater reuse, and soil and water erosion control. Australian scientists and environmental engineers are beginning to take another look at this prolific perennial.


Objective To explore the effective treatment methods for knee osteoarthritis(OA).Methods 602 cases with knee joint osteoarthritis were randomly divided into two groups of treatment group with 300 examples and control group.The patients in treatment group were treated with knee joint cavity ozone infusion and oral celecoxib capsule for pain-stopping.The patients in control group were treated with oral celecoxib capsule or glucosamine hydrochloride combined with bone peptide injection and Lugua peptide injection static point treatment.The 1 year follow-up observation was studied.Results In treatment group,200 cases showed clinical cure,80 cases showed effectiveness,20 cases showed invalid,and the effective rate was 93.3%.In control group,20 cases showed clinical cure,49 cases showed effectiveness,233 cases showed invalid,and the effective rate was 39.4%.Conclusion Ozone perfusion method can be an effective method for knee osteoarthritis treatment,and it is worth clinical.


The world is faced with the COVID-19 pandemic which has held the economy, especially the educational sector to ransom. School closure, reliance on e-learning and inaccessibility to mitigation strategies are some of the changes and disruptions which the COVID-19 pandemic has brought in the educational sector. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sustainability of Nigerian tertiary institutions, with particular reference to University of Jos. Three research questions were set to guide the study. Cross sectional survey was employed for the study. Data was generated from both primary and secondary sources through the use of Tertiary Institutions Sustainability Checklist (TISC). The population used for the study involved the administrative staff of the University. A sample of 30 (thirty) participants were used for the study. All the sampled staff were given the TISC to fill. Random sampling technique was used for the study. Simple Percentage was used to analyze the research questions. It was found that many tertiary institutions do not have well equipped library for their students and they have poor or non existing internet connectivity, poor ICT laboratory amongst a host of other issues. The study recommends that tertiary institutions should adopt policies the use of modern resources such as the e-library, computers for Skype and zoom to rebuild the losses in the learning process of their students, once they reopen.


The Republic of China time Anhui famine is serious.The famine year disaster,the multi-disasters are not concurrent,the harm surface is broad,is this time disaster situation basic characteristic.The famine caused populace′s life and property and the agricultural production has encountered the heavy loss and the destruction,populace′s survival requirement worsens,to the rural economy development,populace′s life,society′s progress has brought the long-time negative influence,aggravated the countryside social economy crisis.


The effectiveness of macroalgal reduction and Diadema antillarum addition in limiting macroalgal growth and facilitating coral recovery was investigated between June 2002 and July 2003. Two treatments, one involving the manual reduction of macroalgae, and another involving macroalgal reduction followed by the addition of D. antillarum, were each performed on a set of three replicate patch reefs off the island of Eleuthera, The Bahamas. Mean macroalgal cover was reduced to <2% immediately after macroalgal reduction, but neither treatment was effective at preventing macroalgal re-growth after 12 months. Mean juvenile coral density increased by more than 150% immediately after macroalgal reduction. No significant change in mean coral cover was detected for either treatment or the control between 0 mo and 12 mo and an increase in mean juvenile coral density observed on some reefs during this period cannot be attributed to the effectiveness of either treatment. The failure of the treatments in significantly limiting macroalgal growth and facilitating coral recovery was likely due to poor D. antillarum survivorship. The results suggest that the effectiveness of reef restoration efforts involving translocated or lab-reared D. antillarum may be limited on some reefs and may require multiple re-stocking efforts.


The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the pore space structure on resistivity index curves of sandstones and carbonates. We present a new method for measuring the resistivity index (RI) curve in air-brine system in drainage and imbibition. On sandstones, the results indicate a saturation exponent close to 2 in the brine saturation range Sw>20%. Below this saturation, a bending down deviation is sometimes observed. On carbonates (about 10 different structures), for single porosity granular structures, we observed quasi-linear RI-Sw curves in log-log scale with exponent n value of about 1.6 in drainage. For double porosity systems, there are variable results, depending on the micro-porosity configuration. For the vuggy carbonates, we observe an electrical hysteresis. These different behaviors are qualitatively explained based on NMR, SEM and X ray micro-tomography observations. At low saturation (<20%), the contribution of the water films is studied using "random walk" methods on a sphere packing. We conclude that the water film conduction has an important influence on the decrease of n at low saturation range.


The objectives of this study were to understand the global and domestic market situation of organic food production and to suggest a suitable model of organic farming that can remove the barriers to the rapid expansion organic farming and eliminate the poverty of poor farmers in Bangladesh. There, rice farming has become unprofitable as costs of production have risen, and farmers are seeking alternative, more profitable crops. Organic farming, with its ecological and social benefits, and premium prices, may offer an ideal alternative. Global sales of organic foods reached US$25 billion in 2003 and are predicted to exceed US$30 billion by 2009. Already 90 developing countries, including 15 that are classified as 'Least Developing Countries' (LDCs), are benefiting significantly from the global organic market.


Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the (water + valeric acid + methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone) ternary systems were measured at T = (298.2, 308.2 and 318.2) K and atmospheric p...


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between the peak running velocity, and aerobic and anaerobic capacity in incremental running in preand post-competitive season using eight long distance runners. Measurements were peak running velocity, •¬O2max, running velocity and •¬O2 at respiratory exchange ratio (RER) 1.0, and blood lactate after exhaustion in the incremental running test. Correlation analysis revealed that pre-season velocity at RER 1.0 and post-season blood lactate were both related to peak running velocity. Furthermore, change in peak running velocity was related to change in blood lactate between pre-and post-season. These results suggest that factors that probably influenced running performance change from aerobic capacity in the pre-season to anaerobic capacity in the post-season, and that running performance during the competitive season may be highly dependent upon anaerobic capacity. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 1999, 48:171•`178) key words : long distance runners, peak running velocity, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, competitive season


In this study, newly fertilized eggs of Gobiocypris rarus were used as test material and exposed to graded doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (0.002, 0.005, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0pg/ml) from the first day of embryonic development. The toxicity of TCDD and its effects on the development at early life stage were observed and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities in different development stages of Gobiocypris rarus were measured. The results showed that at early life stage of Gobiocypris rarus, the EROD activities in eggs exposed to TCDD dose groups (1.0 - 100. 0ppt) were significantly induced and increased with TCDD concentrations; while no difference was found between low TCDD dose groups (<0.1ppt) and the control group during early life stage. But a good relationship between the EROD activity and TCDD concentration was observed during long time development stages, this result also revealed the bioaccumulation regularity of TCDD in fish.


Abstract The correspondence between F. V. Engelenburg and G.A.A. Middelberg, in the archive of the Johannesburg Art Gallery, gives extraordinary insight into the cultural and political dynamics between Johannesburg and Pretoria circa 1910. A detailed examination of the letters reveals the nature of colonial allegiances at a time when the Second South African (Anglo- Boer) War of 1899 to 1902 was still fresh in the nation's psyche, the Union of South Africa was proclaimed, the first national elections were held, and a major public art collection (the Johannesburg Art Gallery) was formed. They give an important insight into a sector of society of that time: the informed elite who transcended racial tensions between English and Afrikaner in the interests of cultural excellence. Accompanying the article is a recent translation of all the letters, written in an early form of Afrikaans that made them largely inaccessible before now.


This paper analyses 150 years of cocaine's controversial history through the sociological concept of transnational commodity chain. During the initial phase ( 1860-1910), the Andean coca leaf became a commodity of modern international trade. Andean coca was then linked to the West through a German cocaine connection and two networks — American and Anglo-French — of coca leaf exportation. The second phase ( 1910-1950) was marked by the imposition of new constraints on the cocaine commodity, the emergence of new colonial networks — Dutch and Japanese — which fragmented the trade, and the international antidrug legislation that made it illegal. The last phase ( 1950-2000) has witnessed the rebirth of cocaine, now as a commodity of illegal connections and yet depending on former tensions and relations between the United States and the Eastern Andes.


The non-equilibrium transformations induced by sub-picosecond lasers on space scale of nanometers and time scale of less than picosecond are considered in this presentation. We demonstrate that the fast (during the pulse time) change in the inter-atomic potential due to the electrons excitation is responsible for the swift coherent atomic displacement. We calculate the coherent displacement of atoms in non-equilibrium and compare it to that following from the familiar Lindemann approach to the melting in thermodynamic equilibrium. We compare our analysis with the experiments on non-equilibrium phase transformation of Gallium by 150 fs pulses at intensity well below the ablation threshold. The presented analysis and direct measurements indicate that the melting in its conventional sense either is not completed, or that, most probably, some transient state of matter has been created during the interaction even when the deposited energy exceeds three times the equilibrium enthalpy of melting. In conclusion we address some unresolved problems in understanding of ultra-fast phase transformations induced by ultra-short laser pulses in non-equilibrium conditions.


Peanuts were planted on June 7 with 0.9 m row spacing in light, sandy soil. Insecticides were first applied on Aug 30 utilizing 2 flat spray nozzles over each row and a total volume of 190 l/ha. A second application was made on Sept 13. Treatments were replicated 3 times on 4 row × 25 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Thirty plant terminals were collected at random from the center 2 rows of each plot on each sampling date and examined for larvae of peanutworms. Counts were converted to larvae/m of row based on terminal bud counts made over the experimental area.


This research aimed to examine the microbial contamination at horse meat from traditional slaughterhouses in Jeneponto Regency to determine the quality of safe meat for human consumption. The study was conducted with a non-experimental design and observations using survey methods. Ten slaughterhouses were selected with the purposive sampling method, where meat samples were obtained and then analyzed with the total plate count method. The result showed that all samples from 10 horse slaughterhouses have more than 1x106 CFU/gram, which did not meet the SNI requirements, presumed that the meat from horse slaughterhouses was not categorized as safe for consumption. This result indicated that horse slaughterhouses in this research need sanitation and design improvement, along with good slaughtering practices.


This paper explores the discounted cash flow valuation methods. We start the paper with the simplest case: no-growth, perpetual-life companies. Then we will study the continuous growth case and, finally, the general case. The different concepts of cash flow used in company valuation are defined: equity cash flow (ECF), free cash flow (FCF), and capital cash flow (CCF). Then the appropriate discount rate is determined for each cash flow, depending on the valuation method used. Our starting point will be the principle by which the value of a company's equity is the same, whichever of the four traditional discounted cash flow formulae is used. This is logical: given the same expected cash flows, it would not be reasonable for the equity's value to depend on the valuation method.


The process of thermal-oxidative degradation of polymer materials has been studied on the example of polyethylene in the presence of quinones and / or nitroxyl radicals. The synergistic effect of the positive action of a mixture of stabilisers from a number of quinones and nitroxyl radicals on the destructive process of polyethylene has been established. It has been shown that the rate of degradation has significantly slowed down when an equimolecular mixture of 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhexahydropyridine-1-oxyl and 2,6-di-tert-amyl-1,4-cyclohexadienone inhibitors has been introduced into the polymer. The kinetics of the initiated thermo-destructive process of polyethylene oxidation in the presence and absence of stabilisers has been studied. A mechanism of joint action of stabilisers based on their interaction with radicals and the breakage of radical chains, as well as a mechanism for the regeneration of stabilisers, has been proposed.


Objective: To determine the mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal potencies of Cameroonian Plectranthus glandulosus and Callistemon rigidus leaf essential oils against 4 th instar larvae and early pupae of Anopheles gambiae , Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus .
Methods: Twenty five early 4 th instar larvae and early pupae of An. gambiae , Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were exposed to various concentrations ranging from 12.5-500 ppm and 2000 ppm for DDVP. The standard protocol of WHO 2005 was followed up under laboratory conditions. The larval and pupal mortalities were observed 24 h post-exposure. Probit analysis was used to determine the LC 50 and LC 90
Results: The essential oil of the two plants showed significant larvicidal and pupicidal potential against all the target mosquito species. P. glandulosus caused LC 50 values of 2.66, 7.37 and 43.16 ppm against Ae. aegypti , An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae, respectively and 27.22, 22.60 and 104.75 ppm against Ae. aegypti , An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus pupae, respectively. C. rigidus displayed LC 50 values of 66.67, 99.61 and 176.81 ppm against Ae. aegypti , An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae, respectively and 50.95, 47.63 and 307.19 ppm against Ae. aegypti , An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus pupae, respectively
Conclusion: These results suggest that the Cameroonian P. glandulosus and C. rigidus leaf essential oils can be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach that may replace DDVP, the synthetic chemical, for vector control programs.


The carboxylic-type waterborne polyurethane(WPU) dispersions were made from polybutylene glycol adipate(PBA3000),isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) and dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA) as main raw materials.The results showed that the characteristics of WPU dispersions and films synthesized by one-step method were similar than those by two-step method,but one-step method was more convenient.The viscosity and conductivity of WPU dispersions,tensile strength,water absorption and hardness of WPU films were increased,but elongation at break of WPU films and particle diameter(100 nm) in dispersion were decreased when the mass fraction of-COOH group was increased.The tensile strength and hardness of WPU films were increased,but the viscosity of WPU dispersions,elongation at break and water absorption of WPU films were decreased when the R value was increased and the molar ratio of n(PBA)∶n(DMPA) was 2∶3.The WPU dispersions had well stability when mass fraction of-COOH group was between 1.09% and 2.37%.


It was established, that depending on the methods of crushing to powder of crystalline β‐rhombohedral boron different phases can be produced: β‐rhombohedral boron and B6O suboxide after pounding, α‐tetragonal modification of boron and β‐rhombohedral boron with unregular strauture both in volume and in the superficial layers of particles after grinding. All these phases are present in powders produced by combined process (pounding and grinding); their ratio depends on the duration of the process.


A nanoscale light radiation source based on the diffraction radiation mechanism is proposed. In this mechanism, tunable and highly directional light emission from visible to ultraviolet frequency regime can be generated from surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited by a moving electron beam above a nanometal film embedded on a subwavelength dielectric grating. The light emits in both the free-space and the dielectric substrate in specific directions. The radiation frequencies can be widely tuned by adjusting the beam energy or structure parameters. A remarkable enhancement (up to three orders of magnitude) of the radiation power density is found. The origin of the enhancement is the strong local field. Furthermore, an interesting physical phenomenon of radiation interference in the dielectric substrate is found. The physical origin of the interference is uncovered and discussed. With advances of miniature size, compatible on-chip integration, high power density, well directionality and wavelength tunability, our result has potential applications in electronic-photonic and nanophotonic systems as on-chip light sources, or in electron-emitter displays building into large-area array.


Background There is a well-established link between oral pathology and eating disorders in the presence of self-induced vomiting. There is less information concerning this relationship in the absence of self-induced vomiting, in spite of risk factors such as psychotropic-induced dry mouth, nutritional deficiency or acidic diet. Aims To determine the association between eating disorder and poor oral health, including any difference between patients with and without self-induced vomiting. Method A systematic search was made of Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE and article bibliographies. Outcomes were dental erosion, salivary gland function and the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces (DMFT/S). Results Ten studies had sufficient data for a random effects meta-analysis (psychiatric patients n = 556, controls n = 556). Patients with an eating disorder had five times the odds of dental erosion compared with controls (95% CI 3.31–7.58); odds were highest in those with self-induced vomiting (odds ratio (OR) = 7.32). Patients also had significantly higher DMFS scores (mean difference 3.07, 95% CI 0.66–5.48) and reduced salivary flow (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.44–3.51). Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of collaboration between dental and medical practitioners. Dentists may be the first clinicians to suspect an eating disorder given patients' reluctance to present for psychiatric treatment, whereas mental health clinicians should be aware of the oral consequences of inappropriate diet, psychotropic medication and self-induced vomiting.


(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)I. INTRODUCTIONIn 2008, the Chinese government celebrated the thirtieth anniversary of the economic reforms that brought China prosperity and growth.2 These reforms included the introduction of the Household Responsibility System ("HRS") to the Chinese countryside, which ended collectivized agriculture and heralded a return to individual farming.3 China's increased prosperity, however, has been realized mainly in the country's urban areas, where a considerable middle class has emerged.4 Although those living in the Chinese countryside are better off than they were thirty years ago because of land-use reform, rural residents have not seen an increase in living standards commensurate with that of their urban counterparts.5 In fact, the income gap between rural and urban China continues to increase.6 Because of these widening inequalities, tension has grown in China's rural areas,7 where tens of thousands of peasant protests occur each year.8The Chinese government views rural unrest as a threat to its stability and continued economic growth.9 Aware of the growing frustration in the countryside, the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party ("CCP") issued two policy documents in the last year, both of which concern the government's plans for strengthening the land-use rights of rural farmers. On October 12, 2008, the CCP issued the Decision on Certain Issues Concerning the Advancement of Rural Reform and Development ("2008 Decision"),10 which the CCP described as "the most significant land reform package in three decades."11 Three months later, on February 2, 2009, the CCP together with the State Council, the highest executive organ of the Chinese government, released a document entitled Certain Opinions of the State Council and the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on Promoting the Stable Development of Agriculture and Continuing to Increase Farmers' Incomes in 2009 ("2009 No. 1 Document").12 (Collectively, the 2008 Decision and the 2009 No. 1 Document will be referred to throughout as the "Policy Documents.") The Policy Documents articulate the government's goals for rural development, including increasing rural incomes by the year 2020 and providing for better implementation of farmers' land-use rights in order to maintain agricultural yield.13The Chinese government and the CCP tout these policy developments as a "breakthrough" that will create a "new upsurge" in rural reform.14 In the current economic downturn, the Chinese government seems especially keen to make rural Chinese citizens into domestic spenders as a way of coming through the crisis with the economy intact.15 Indeed, the 2009 No. 1 Document explicitly states that farmers, and the countryside generally, have great significance for expanding domestic demand, and are a highly important factor in improving people's livelihoods.16 Increasing the prosperity of the countryside would benefit the Chinese economy as a whole by increasing domestic demand.17 But rural residents are more skeptical. In response to the 2008 Decision, a farmer named Li, who lives in the rice and corn growing village of Xinyi in Guangdong province, stated that he did not think the new reforms "will give us more protection. We have no expectations."18This Comment argues that, viewing the policy documents in light of the current legal regime that governs land-use rights, the changes espoused in the Policy Documents are well-intentioned but ultimately insufficient to raise living standards in the countryside, halt the conversion of agricultural land, and provide for a more secure grain supply.19 Part II provides an overview of the history of rural land-use rights in China since 1949 and the current legal structure governing those rights. Part III introduces the changes to current land-use law that the Chinese government and the CCP have put forth through the Policy Documents. Part III also demonstrates that these changes have the goals of maintaining grain supply and doubling farmers' incomes. …


Recently, ArF immersion lithography has been considered as a promising method after ArF dry lithography by a factor of refractive index n of the liquid filled into the space between the bottom lens and wafer,in the case of 193-nm exposure tools, water (n = 1.44) has been found as the best liquid. We explore the NA/σ's dependence of depth of focus (DOF) under 3/4 annular and 3/4 quasar illumination by resist Finally, we explored the high NA's dependency of DOF and gave the explanation for the peak value of DOF through three-beam imaging process, MicroCruiser 2.0, Prolith version 8.0.2 and k2 factor based on the Rayleigh equation.


People change their bodies because of many reasons over many thousand years. Tattoo, piercing, and other types of body modifications have found a new life now. In present-day societies, tattoos and piercing are associated with risky behavior, alcohol and drug use in adolescents. The purpose of the study is to study the psychological manifestations of body modification and self-destructive behavior in adolescents. 86 boys and girls aged 14 to 18 attending socio-rehab center were examined by Mini-Mult (SMOL) and SOP questionnaires. It was revealed that body modifications in them are accompanied by tendencies to the use of alcohol, soft drugs and other psychoactive substances and by tendencies to different types of aggressive and autoaggressive behaviour. Adolescents who have body modifications are emotionally more unstable. Keywords—adolescents, self-destructive behavior, body modification, psychological manifestations


In this article, we study Dirichlet problems involving the p-Laplacian with a nonsymmetric term. By using the large Morse index of the corresponding Laplace equation, we establish an estimate on the growth of the min-max values for a functional associated with the problem. The estimate is better than the given result in some range. We show that the problem possesses infinitely many weak solutions.


Applied sociology is usually taken to mean the application of sociological theories and findings to issues of social policy. In this paper, we present some examples of a quite different notion of applied sociology: one in which sociological insights are applied to the design of computer software. Sociology's primary concern as a discipline can be considered to be the study of the interaction of agents, where 'agents' are generally assumed to be people or human collectivities. The kind of application of sociology which we discuss trades on the possibility of widening the scope of agency to include non-animate systems. The success of this kind of applied sociology will depend in part on the degree to which artifacts can be considered to be agents susceptible to sociological analysis. This is a question which has been exercising philosophers for many years. Rather than joining directly in this debate, we illustrate the possibilities and difficulties with examples of the application of sociological insights to their design. One example is a project, now almost complete, to develop a knowledge-based system for public use. The interaction between computer and user is controlled by a set of rules which are derived from some of the basic findings of conversation analysts. Another project, still in its early stages, is developing a module for a computer-based telephone information enquiry system which will monitor the oral dialogue between a caller and the computer and will generate the computer's side of the 'conversation'. The design of this module will also be influenced by the findings of conversation analysis of human-human dialogues. As a third example, we point to the potential of computer simulations of collectivities of agents for illuminating issues in sociological theory.


In this paper, we analyze the freshness of information in grant-free massive access via a new metrics named age of information (AoI), and propose an age-critical frameless ALOHA (ACFA) random access protocol, where the average AoI (AAoI) is implicitly reduced by banning the transmission of activated user equipments (UEs) recovery successful in the last frame. In particular, in order to analyze the AAoI performance of the ACFA random access protocol, we define two metrics named the average channel load and packets recovery rate (PRR) of ACFA protocol, and tracking the evolution of the number of access-allowed UEs in each frame. Then we derive an analytical expression of AAoI as a function of the frame length and the PRR in the ACFA random access protocol. Simulation results validate the accuracy of our theoretical analysis and show the great potential of ACFA random access protocol in minimizing AAoI.


This bulletin discusses the tobacco beetle and controls measures which can be successfully used against. Other topics discussed include the beetle's life cycle and reproductive habits.


Rats running with an incremental intensity to exhaustion were used as an experimental model.The experiment was designed to determine the change of prepared mitochondrial immediately after exhaustive exercise.To investigate the change of exhaustive exercise on the myocardial acid phosphatase,beta-glucuronidase.and the mitochondrial Ca,MDA,PLA2electron microscope technique were used in exhaustive exercise group(EG)and control group(CG)rats.There was no abnormal changes on the myocardial acid phosphatase,beta-glucuronidase,and the mitochondrial Ca.MDA,PLA2in EG and CG at the end of4weeks(P0.05),but the mitochondrial Ca,MDA content and beta-glucuronidase and myocardial acid phosphatase and the mitochondrial Ca,MDA.PLA2activites were increased signficantly and the GSH-px,SOD activites was decreased significantly in EG at the eng of8weeks(P0.01).The results indicated that the myocardial was damaged,it is concluded that exhaustive exercise could exert change on the myocardial and myocardial mitochondrial.


Movement created a differentiated aparatus – the loco‑ motory one – the basic component of which is the kinetic unit, formed of joint‑movement‑nerves, each one playing a well‑established role, motivated only within an interde‑ pendence relation of the whole kinetic unit. Activation of the motor unit, considered as the smallest functional neu‑ romuscular unit described in 1925 by Liddel and Sher‑ rington, involves a series of complex processes, developed at the level of the three components (pericarion‑cylindrax‑ muscular fibers), the result being muscular contraction. The control of motricity, of the voluntary movements we perform so easily, sometimes wholly automatically, repre‑ sents a real computer performance, the organism organ‑ izing this type of control on successive levels, continuously enriching the phylogenetic scale, along the evolution of species, with new neuronal levels of integration, control and command. The scope of the present study was to evi‑ dence the efficiency of the facilitation techniques as to the following aspects of neuromotor recovery: recovery of the muscular tonus, recovery of the muscular power, increased joint mobility and recovery of movements coordination, by means of facilitation techniques. Materials and method. During January 2010‑January 2012, in the Military Hospital of Iasi there have been hospitalized 120 patients with ages between 23‑64 years, with various etiologies of functional deficit: lumbosciatica with prolongued muscular contrac ‑ tion in 52 cases – 43.33%, hemiplegia + arthroses 8 cases – 6.66%, systemic eritematous lupus 4 cases – 3.34%, post‑ fracture algoneurosistrophy (blocked knee) 4 cases – 3.34%, rheumatoid polyarthritis – 24 cases – 20.00%, scapulo‑ humeral periarthritis 28 cases – 23.33%. Results and dis‑ cussion. The highest frequency of patients with neuro‑motor pathology requiring the application of some techniques facilitating neuro‑motor recovery was recorded in the 46‑50 years interval of age, while the interval regis‑ tering the most numerous patients with lumbosciatica is between 61 and 65 years, with periarthritis – between 46 and 50 years, while rheumatoid polyarthrits is most fre‑ quently manifested between 46 and 50 years, as well as between 56 and 60 years. Functional evaluation, represent‑ ing the basic element of a functional realization, followed: the joint and muscular check up, global evaluation. Con‑ clusions: The techniques applies were oriented on the type of deficit and of disease, the results obtained aiming at maintaining joint flexibility, known as depending on the


The criticism of the post practical aesthetics on the practical aesthetics has touched the weakness of the practical aesthetics,but its essence has the localization.The inclination of research of the both represents the identity,i.e.they probe the problems from the angle of sociology,cultural science and science of human being,they departure the original intention of science of perception of aesthetics,and the researches in aesthetics of China fall into dire straights.It is necessary regress into the original intention of aesthetics to establish an experienced aesthetics from the experienced angle.


Abstract : Congress must create a new federal court located at Guantanamo Bay to improve the U.S. image and give the detainees due process. The current system is flawed and must be replaced. There are 166 detainees still at Guantanamo Bay, and how the U.S. treats them has strategic implications for our foreign policy objectives. The current military system is negatively affecting at least three instruments of national power (diplomatic, informational, and law enforcement). Congress and the President are at an impasse. Federal courts have already reversed or vacated most of the convictions under the military commission system. Military prosecutors, judges, the American Bar Association, international rights groups and the international community have condemned the current process. Congress can specifically design this new federal court to deal with the unique situation presented by the detainees. This paper will examine the issues involved with the detainees and demonstrate why Congress should create a new federal court in order to remove the international stigma created by the current system and show the world that the U.S. will provide fundamental due process to even those who commit terrorists acts against America.


Puge was a major producing area of tobacco.In order to investigate the soil fertility situation in the main tobacoo-growing areas,the soil nutrient status in tobacoo planting areas of some townships in Puge county were studied in this paper.The soil samples which were collected from nine townships of Puge county,Daping,Lian,Luojishan,Jipu,Qiaowo,Tezi,Wenping, Xiangyang,Yongan,were analyzed.The results showed that the pH values of tobacoo planting areas of Puge county was in normal concentration;the soil was found to be rich in organic matter while the content was not in balance.The available nitrogen and available potassuim content in most soils were deficient while the available phosphors content was high.The exchangeable calcium was found to be rich while the exchangeable magnesium was dificient.Therefore,it was suggested that the management of soil fertility should be based on the particular situation in order to sustain the high productivity of flue-cured tobacoo.


Examining parents' reactions to incidents involving toy defects, the authors find that corporate strategies of handling product problems influence consumer attitudes and purchase intentions, and beneficial effects of recalling a product can arise for firms, particularly when the product problem is minor and the company response is strong. This research emphasizes that product recalls can be viewed not only from the disaster-mitigation perspective of prior literature, but also as opportunities for companies to realize market benefits by engaging in responsible recall behavior, forging better relationships with customers. Additionally, the authors find that individuals' search for information following recall news is dependent on the product defect encountered.


The trade-off theory rests more on a basic belief than on hard evidence. Serious empirical assessments have generally failed to uncover any serious efficiency losses that can be ascribed to the welfare state. 1 There are equally plausible arguments for why it may contribute to a stronger economy. Healthy and well-educated citizens are more productive, and if they feel secure they are more likely to accept rapid change. Moreover, the 'equality' side of the tradeoff is typically way too undefined. To arrive at a minimal level of clarity we need at least to distinguish between equality of outcome and equality of opportunity. We also need to recognize that the connection between equality and social policy is ambiguous and often even contradictory.


The simulation of a protein's folding process is often done via stochastic local search, which requires a procedure to apply structural changes onto a given conformation. Here, we introduce a constraint-based approach to enumerate lattice protein structures according to k-local moves in arbitrary lattices. Our declarative description is much more flexible for extensions than standard operational formulations. It enables a generic calculation of k-local neighbors in backbone-only and side chain models. We exemplify the procedure using a simple hierarchical folding scheme.


The Web has been chosen as a basic infrastructure to gain the social structure information, through the social network extraction, from all over the world. However, most of the web documents are unstructured and lack of semantics. Moreover, that network is subject to all kinds of changes and dynamics, and a network can be very complex due to the large number of nodes and links Web contains. In this paper, we discuss a methodology that meant to assists in extracting and modeling the social network from Web snippet. As the manual social network extraction of web documents is impractical and unscalable, and fully automated extraction are still at the very early stage to be implemented, we proposed a (semi)-automatic extraction based on the superficial methods.


PaQ HE application of immunological concepts to the study of the idiosyncrasies has formed the foundation for a sound scientific approach to these baffling conditions. The discovery of anaphylaxis and the assumption that idiosyncratic diseases are anaphylactic conditions, have been of great importance. The conception that allergic diseases (as they are called today) are "anaphylactic" diseases, in other words that allergy is "human anaphylaxis," has led to a heated controversy of long standing. The one school of thought contends that clinical allergy and experimental anaphylaxis, although resembling one another in certain respects, are fundamentally different conditions; the other school, to which I belong, believes with Hans Zinsser' that allergy in man "is based on an immunological mechanism basically identical with anaphylaxis in animals, superficially modified by human anatomical and physiological conditions." Notwithstanding these theoretical differences of opinion, the practical approach to the therapy of allergic diseases elaborated on the basis of these immunological concepts is to combat them by specific desensitization with the causative allergen or allergens. This immunological approach has been very successful, and one can be well satisfied with the results when one compares the relative helplessness of former days with our present therapeutic achievements. More and more allergens have been discovered; more and more allergenic extracts are being used in the treatment of allergic diseases. However, there are some of us who have become perturbed by this ever expanding multiplicity of allergens and who have striven towards reducing the treatment of allergic diseases to a common denominator; that is, xve have aimed at non-specific treatment as opposed to specific desensitization. Mlany attempts have been made to this end; some of


The procedure of numerical calculation is based on representation of a field in waveguides as -a superposition of natural waves of TEon, TE1n and TM1, classes, and in open parts of the cavity - as diffraction integral in the Fresnel approximation. In case of the resonator with homogeneous mirrors [4] a problem was solved independently in each class of waves, and the TM1n waves were not taken into account because of their major attenuation. The perturbations, caused by round holes at centre of mirrors, generate the connection between waves of TE1, and TM1n classes, thus the class of TEon waves stay independent because of axial symmetry of their fields. Therefore the numerical calculation of the characteristics of modes of the explored cavity was carried out independently in a class of T&n waves, and simultaneously in two: TE1n and TM1n classes.


from reading it as an example of "historical and 'contextual' " criticism rather than as an attempt to explore the complex representations of a subcultural gender experience within a dominant culture that not only marginalized but criminalized it. Clearly, Kahn is right to point to my sins of omission, for they are many; however, to endeavor to "involve all relevant facts" seems to me a rather hubristic undertaking that obscures both the epistemological and the political implications of any choice of frameworks and materials. Since my purpose was not to write the final word on Wilde but rather to introduce a set of questions that has been heretofore excluded from the commentary on his work, I am grateful for Kahn's suggestions and would welcome his own attempts to elucidate the significance of the materials he finds lacking in my work. (Though regarding his comments on Wilde's use of Nordau, I would find it more fruitful to consider both the ironic and the strategic importance of such a popular reference—after all, Wilde was trying not to define the "truth" of his experience but to convince the prison authorities to release him.) As for my sins of commission, I would like to take exception with Kahn on two points: 1. In his assertion that "perhaps the term homosexual was coined in 1869, but the realities behind it were as old as the hills," Kahn fails to appreciate the complex interaction between experience and understanding that makes such "realities" problematic. Reading some of the recent writings by gay and feminist historians and literary critics might help him work out the theoretical and political implications of addressing the shifting cultural constructions of social and gender identities, but I will not be so pedantic as to provide him with a bibliography here. Instead, I will simply suggest that the "reality" of the "sodomite" whose crime was not directly mapped onto his "character" and yet merited his execution could not be the same "reality" as that of the "homosexual" whose "identity" was constituted by a juridical-medical discourse that mapped the significance of a particular sexual-object choice onto a disparate range of social relations. (A more extensive elaboration of this point is forthcoming in my essay "Legislating the Norm from Sodomy to Gross Indecency," South Atlantic Quarterly [Winter 1989]). Thus, while I was not attempting to argue for the absolute "novelty" of Wilde's complex representational practices, I do believe that the context within which they took place was qualitatively different from any that preceded it. 2. As to Kahn's suggestion that my interpretation of The Picture of Dorian Gray "might have puzzled Wilde himself, who probably thought he was basically writing an allegory of 'good and evil,' " I would probably concur with the first clause and disagree with the second. Perhaps (?), Wilde would have been able to make little sense of my post-Freudian, post-Marxist, postmodern idiom, yet to reduce the complexity of his own understanding to that of a moral fable seems to me to be unjustifiably patronizing and to underestimate the subtlety of Wilde's engagement with—indeed his conscious deconstruction of—the moral problematics of the late Victorian bourgeoisie. That Wilde situated himself both experientially and authorially at the margins of such contemporary ideologies was evident even to his contemporaries (i.e., to those who lived the "facts and spirit of the period depicted," whatever these were), so that they spent much of the 1880s and 1890s making fun of him for precisely this reason. Yet, more important, to appreciate the power that Wilde's irony had to call into question the moral certainties of his era, it is necessary to avoid any form of interpretive reductivism that seeks to fix his play on or of meanings to that of "allegory." I realize that in replying to Kahn I am probably guilty of the same form of reductionism about his text that I chide him for applying to Wilde's. However, with the final recognition that I often perceive those flaws that are most like my own, I will conclude by thanking Kahn for providing me with the opportunity for clarifying—for myself if not for him—the implications of my essay.


Enteropathology in newborn ruminants significantly affects the functional formation of the digestive tract, which induces complications in other organs and systems, reducing the resistance and productivity in recovered animals. It is also characterized by metabolic disorders, particularly lipids, which adversely affects the regenerative processes at the cellular level. The material for the study was 2-day-old calves, from which 3 groups of 6 animals each were formed. 1st group – control was made up of clinically healthy animals, 2nd group – calves with toxic dyspepsia which received traditional treatment and 3rd group – calves which were additionally orally administered a liposomal form of a 1% solution of BAD "FLP-MD". The lipid composition of blood plasma and the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the jejunum of calves was studied by the method of thin-layer chromatography on standard Silufol plates. The lipidogram of blood plasma in 30-day-old calves recovered from dyspepsia under traditional treatment regimen was characterized by dyslipidemia, which was manifested by an increase in total lipid content by 10.0% amid hypercholesterolemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia and a decrease in free fatty acids by 24.6% and phospholipids by 11.8%. Also, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin content decreasesd in the blood plasma. In epithelium of the jejunal mucosa, total lipid content decreased due to total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids. The restoration of total lipid content and individual fractions was found in blood plasma of calves that received additionally phospholipid-containing bio-additive "FLP-MD". Among the individual phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine prevailed. In these calves, most of the lipid components in the epithelium of the jejunal mucosa were stabilized. In the future, we plan to investigate the content of total lipids in the blood and mucous membrane of the small intestine of calves.


INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoke contains a large number of harmful substances and carcinogens. Smoking and secondhand smoke cause a variety of cancers and diseases, seriously endangering human health. However, the status and characteristics of the awareness of hazards due to tobacco among people aged ≥15 years in Chongqing, China, are still unknown. METHODS A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select ten districts and counties in Chongqing Municipality, China and a total of 6622 people were investigated between August and October 2020. The chi-squared test was used to analyze the awareness of hazards due to tobacco in various populations after the data had been cleaned and weighted. RESULTS In 2020, the awareness rates of people aged ≥15 years in Chongqing, China, about a specific disease caused by smoking were lung cancer (77.1%), heart disease (45.1%), stroke (40.1%), and penile erectile dysfunction (24.2%). However, only 22.1% of the respondents knew that smoking could simultaneously lead to all four diseases mentioned above. Adult lung cancer was the disease with the highest awareness rating (72.5%), followed by children's lung disease (54.2%) and adult heart disease (46.1%). A total of 42.0% of respondents knew that secondhand smoke could cause the three diseases simultaneously. Only 22.0% of those correctly understood the harm of low-tar cigarettes. The logistic regression results showed that education level and occupation were risk factors for lack of awareness of hazards due to tobacco. In contrast, media campaigns on tobacco control were a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS The awareness of hazards due to tobacco among people aged ≥15 years in Chongqing, China, still needs to be improved. More graphic health warning labels and mass media campaigns about the hazards of tobacco should be carried out to raise people's awareness and warn about the health risks of smoking.

https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/pdf-155933-83674?filename=Awareness of hazards due.pdf


Background Fractional laser ablation is a technique developed in dermatology to induce remodeling of skin scars by creating a dense pattern of microinjuries. Despite remarkable clinical results, this technique has yet to be tested for scars in other tissues. As a first step towards determining the suitability of this technique, we aimed to (1) characterize the response to microinjuries in the healthy and cirrhotic liver, and (2) determine the underlying cause for any differences in response. Methods Healthy and cirrhotic rats were treated with a fractional laser then euthanized from 0hr up to 14d after treatment. Differential expression was assessed using RNAseq with a difference-in-differences model. Spatial maps of tissue oxygenation were acquired with hyperspectral imaging and disruptions in blood supply were assessed with tomato lectin perfusion. Results Healthy rats showed little damage beyond the initial microinjury and healed completely by 7d without scarring. In cirrhotic rats, hepatocytes surrounding microinjury sites died 4-6hr after ablation, resulting in enlarged and heterogeneous zones of cell death. Hepatocytes near blood vessels were spared, particularly near the highly vascularized septa. Gene sets related to ischemia and angiogenesis were enriched at 4hr. Laser-treated regions had reduced oxygen saturation and broadly disrupted perfusion of nodule microvasculature, which matched the zones of cell death. Conclusions The cirrhotic liver has an exacerbated response to microinjuries and increased susceptibility to ischemia from microvascular damage, likely related to the vascular derangements that occur during cirrhosis development. Modifications to the fractional laser tool, such as using a femtosecond laser or reducing the spot size, may be able to prevent large disruptions of perfusion and enable further development of a laser-induced microinjury treatment for cirrhosis.


We prove that the diagonal of the transition probabilities for the d–dimensional Bessel processes on (0, 1], reflected at 1, which we denote by pNR (t, r, r), is an increasing function of r for d > 2 and that this is false for d = 2.


In this paper,an novel virtual EEPROM based on flash device was designed,which focused on the current urgent need for low-cost in embedded systems especially,The virtual EEPROM was used as NAND device part in embedded Operating System(OS),which used data backup mechanism to ensure data security.Considering that NAND only supports page programming,a method of log update based on memory buffer was employed to realize byte programming in Virtual EEPROM.Finally,to achieve unified management of NAND block,a wear leveling was designed,meanwhile,issues of bad block and Program/Erase cycle were greatly optimized.The result shows that the Virtual EEPROM has fast programming characteristics of NAND,as well as a great advantage of endurance over the EEPROM.The design has good compatibility and can be widely transplanted in various embedded platforms.


We propose and numerically evaluate a simple, reconfigurable ultrafast optical pulse shaping technique using multi-arm time differentiators with programmable weights that can be implemented using available integrated-waveguide/in-fiber technologies.


Summarizes the findings of a 2-year evaluation of AIDs rural road activities that was carried out through background studies 8 impact evaluations in Asia Africa and Latin America and a Rural Roads Evaluation Conference in November 1980. The report presents information on the history of AID involvement in rural road construction and discusses aspects of impact evaluation including effectiveness economic and social impact and recommendations. Reports of findings and recommendations of 9 working groups at the 1980 conference are presented and various related materials are included as appendices. Although in general the rural roads constructed with AID help were still in use the designs of many were found to have been faulty. Inadequate engineering preparation led to cost and time over-runs and problems also resulted from poor social and economic analysis. Maintenance was frequently neglected because of both donor and host country policies. Some guildelines for effective rural roads projects were identified: the project should be carried out by decentralized organizations specializing in construction and maintenance of lower volume rural roads and local village involvement in route selection construction and maintenance should be substantial. Decentralized labor-based construction was found to have several advantages. The most serious environmental consequences of road construction were found to be deforestation soil erosion and declining soil fertility. Recommendations based on evaluation findings were presented in an effort to facilitate project improvement in the future.


Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases affecting humans all over the world. Its prevalence varies from one country to another, yet thanks to the decline of edentulism and the general increase of life expectancy, it has been consistently rising in the past decade.5,9Moreover, nowadays patients are more inclined to keeping their natural teeth as long as possible, despite implants becoming a routine treatment. Different options exist for treatment of periodontal lesions. A non-surgical approach is often initially proposed, followed by a surgical one. Both aim at debridement and microbial decontamination by removing plaque and calculus deposits. The traditional protocol recommends initial non-surgical mechanical debridement by scaling and root planing of the contaminated root surfaces. In cases with residual deep pockets, a corrective surgical phase is often indicated. Hand instruments, ultrasonic scalers, air-polishing devices, laser and photodynamic therapy have been advocated to obtain reliable improvement of clinical parameters. Nonetheless, some limitations were described, such as vertical deep defects, furcations involvement, or certain mechanically resistant bacteria such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Chemical treatment using antibiotics has long been suggested. Numerous studies have shown the benefits of associating systemic antibiotics, notably amoxicillin and metronidazole, with mechanical treatment.2 The problem lies in the risk of using antibiotics as a means to compensate for inefficient subgingival instrumentation. Undisrupted biofilm is more prone to resisting the effects of antimicrobial agents. It has been recommended to briefly prescribe antibiotics after scaling and root planing. However, the exact dosage and duration of antimicrobial treatment remains to be defined. Two studies revealed good clinical results after three, seven and even 14 days of systemic administration.3,61,4 Timing is another matter of debate. It has been demonstrated that giving antibiotics after the first phase could reduce the number of residual pockets and, indirectly, the number of surgical interventions.8 Identification of periodontal pathogens present in pockets was formerly a very common practice. Different microbiological tests were available on the market. At the time, antibiotics were indicated on the basis of the presence of specific micro-organisms. However, different clinical studies have demonstrated that testing periodontal bacteria had no predictive value in identifying subjects who would benefit from antibiotics.3 More recently, metagenomics analyses have revealed that the oral microbial ecosystem is vast and more complex than previously described. A synergistic and dysbiotic microbiome is the origin of the homeostasis perturbation leading to the diseased state.7 According to the concept of "keystone pathogens", the host response modulation plays a crucial role in the resolution of periodontal diseases. A new generation of drugs interfering with the complement system is being tested. Antibiotics are not only used and misused in periodontology. In 2016, The European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) published its sixth report on the sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents from 29 European countries during the year 2014.6 In this field, the purpose of antibiotics is to both promote the growth of food-producing animals and prevent disease. Around 2276.6 tons of penicillin were prescribed among the 29 countries in 2014. Tetracyclines almost reached 3000 ton. Countries were not equal in terms of antibiotic dosages, mainly due to their livestock production. As an active ingredient, penicillin varied from 3 to 640 tons depending on the country. However, it should be noted that between 2011 and 2014, a 12% reduction in sales was observed. This drop may be explained by different campaigns whose aim it was to limit the use of antimicrobials. Awareness is still necessary, since repeated exposure to low doses of antibiotics has been correlated with the emergence of resistant bacterial strains.10 In the above veterinary study, an estimated rise of 67% in antimicrobial consumption was required to meet a higher demand for meat. Patient welfare should remain the main objective of any treatment. If the need for additional therapy can be reduced by administration of antibiotics, the clinical benefits would overcome the risks of adverse events. Nevertheless, one should not forget that the treatment of periodontitis starts with patient information, establishment of adequate oral hygiene and elimination of the risk factors.


We present a fast Fourier transform-based approach for simultaneous determination of size and refractive index of a collection of red blood cells from the measured angular distribution of scattered light.


This study compares the distribution of uptalk contours across male and female speakers of two Midwestern dialects of American English. Sixteen speakers, evenly divided between dialect and gender, were recorded reading ten passages in plain lab speech. The contours defined as uptalk in this study were H* H-H%, H* L-H%, L* H-H%, and L* L-H%. The results indicate that neither gender nor dialect had an effect on overall uptalk frequency, which could reflect prosodic similarities in the two dialects. The null results for gender are particularly surprising because they run contrary to many of the previous studies on uptalk, which found that women use uptalk more than men. Gender and dialect also had no significant effect on the types of uptalk contours used: speakers from both dialects used primarily three of the four uptalk contours that were examined (H* L-H%, L* H-H% and L* L-H%). These uptalk contours differed from the uptalk contours identified in other North American varieties of English, suggesting that there are regional differences in uptalk realization.


The paper considers a case of brachistrochronic motion of the mechanical system in the field of conservative forces, subject to the action of constraints with Coulomb friction. In this case an analogy is made between the two approaches of solving this problem of the mechanical system with two degrees of freedom. The mathematical model used to compute the brachistohrone in this special case of the multibody system with two deegres of freedom is based on varational calculus. The complete analogy is made with a solution in relation to material point.


The latest High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard has been increasingly applied to generate video streams over the Internet. However, HEVC compressed videos may incur severe quality degradation, particularly at low bit rates. Thus, it is necessary to enhance the visual quality of HEVC videos at the decoder side. To this end, this paper proposes a quality enhancement convolutional neural network (QE-CNN) method that does not require any modification of the encoder to achieve quality enhancement for HEVC. In particular, our QE-CNN method learns QE-CNN-I and QE-CNN-P models to reduce the distortion of HEVC I and P/B frames, respectively. The proposed method differs from the existing CNN-based quality enhancement approaches, which only handle intra-coding distortion and are thus not suitable for P/B frames. Our experimental results validate that our QE-CNN method is effective in enhancing quality for both I and P/B frames of HEVC videos. To apply our QE-CNN method in time-constrained scenarios, we further propose a time-constrained quality enhancement optimization (TQEO) scheme. Our TQEO scheme controls the computational time of QE-CNN to meet a target, meanwhile maximizing the quality enhancement. Next, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our TQEO scheme from the aspects of time control accuracy and quality enhancement under different time constraints. Finally, we design a prototype to implement our TQEO scheme in a real-time scenario.


Abstract Research has shown that adequate support from the school environment is necessary to help beginning teachers in applying differentiated instruction (DI), but how schools can aid in this process remains unclear. This qualitative study explores how professional learning communities (PLCs), an indicator of a supportive school environment, can enhance beginning teachers' professional learning in DI. Furthermore, it examines how structural and cultural school conditions foster the development of PLCs in the schools' organization. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with school leaders, special needs coordinators, and beginning teachers in primary schools. A comparative analysis was carried out in three schools with high (case A), medium (case B), and low (case C) levels of beginning teachers' professional learning in DI, as assessed by changes in practice (i.e. teachers' flexibility in adapting their classroom behaviour). The comparative analysis indicated that the three cases could be situated at different stages of PLC development. Case A had reached the mature stage, whereas case B was in the evolving stage and case C was still in the beginning stage of PLC development. Also, the analysis indicated that structural and cultural school conditions in the three cases were related to the different stages of PLC development. Finally, the results revealed that in the three cases, leadership of both the principal and special needs coordinator played a key role in the development of the structural and cultural school conditions.


Iris recognition has been a fast growing, challenging and interesting area in real-time applications. A large number of iris recognition algorithms have been developed for decades. The paper presents novel Walshlet Pyramid based iris recognition technique. Here iris recognition is done using the image feature set extracted from Walsh Wavelets at various levels of decomposition. Analysis was performed of the proposed method, consisting of the False Acceptance Rate and the Genuine Acceptance Rate. The proposed technique is tested on an iris image database having 384 images. The results show that Walshlet at level-5 outperforms other Walshlets, because the higher level Walshlets are giving very fine texture features while the lower level Walshlets are representing very coarse texture features which are less useful for discrimination of images in iris recognition.


Four additional phenolic bases - laurotetanine (2), asimilobine (3), norjuziphine (4) and juziphine (5) - were isolated during the reinvestigation of the roots of P. formosana by combination of centrifugal partition chromatography and common separation methods. The latter two bases are first isolated from Lauraceous plants. Their structures were elucidated mainly by NMR spectral analysis.


Placing object labels in dynamic scenes requires the label positions themselves to be dynamic. Algorithms for dynamic label placement are presented that tend to avoid overlaps and consider aesthetic preferences. The procedures are derived from a quadratic program. As a special feature, hysteresis is incorporated to restrict the optical flow induced by label changes.


We hypothesize that gap junctional communication along the vascular wall modulates remote responses. To test this, we employed both pharmacologic and genomic approaches to block connexin (C/spl times/)43 transcription, using the remote response to vitronectin receptor (VTR) stimulation as a model response. Arteriolar diameter and red blood cell velocity were determined in the cheek pouch preparation of anesthetized (pentobarbital, 70 mg/kg) hamsters (N=25). LM609 (VTR agonist) was micropipette applied to the termination of the arteriolar network; observations were made 1000 /spl mu/m upstream at the entrance to the network. Control responses consist of an immediate increase in velocity (shear rate) followed by a dilation with a decrease in shear rate. Gap junctions were pharmacologically inhibited with 18-alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid micropipette application to the middle of the network; in a dose dependent fashion, remote dilation was attenuated, but shear rate did not change. Prevention of C/spl times/43 transcription (double strand RNA inhibition) likewise blocked only the dilation in a dose dependent fashion, and not shear. Together this suggests that gap junctions are involved in this response, and that C/spl times/43 is required for flow dependent dilation following stimulation of the vitronectin receptor.


The origin of organization of nanostructured silica coatings deposited on stainless steel substrates by remote microplasma at atmospheric pressure is investigated. We show by resorting to thermal camera measurements coupled with modelling that deposition, limited to a few seconds in time, occurs at low temperature (∼below 420 K) although the gas temperature may reach 1400 K. Raman analyses of deposited films with thicknesses below 1 µm show the presence of oxidized silicon bonded to the metallic surface. The origin of nanodots is explained as follows. Close to the microplasma nozzle, the concentration of oxidizing species and/or the temperature being high enough, a silica thin film is obtained, leading to ceramic–metallic oxide interface that leads to a Volmer–Weber growth mode and to the synthesis of 3D structures over long treatment times. Far from the nozzle, the reactivity decreasing, thin films get a plasma–polymer like behaviour which leads to a Franck–Van der Merwe growth mode and films with a higher density. Other nanostructures, made of hexagonal cells, are observed but remain unexplained.


This work is aimed at optimising the static performance of a high voltage SOI LDMOSFET. Starting with a conventional LDMOSFET, 2D and 3D numerical simulation models, able to accurately match datasheet values, have been developed. Moving from the original device, several design techniques have been investigated with the target of improving the breakdown voltage and the ON-state resistance. The considered design techniques are based on the modification of the doping profile of the drift region and the Superjunction design technique. The paper shows that a single step doping within the drift region is the best design choice for the considered device and is found to give a 24% improvement in the breakdown voltage and a 17% reduction of the ON-state resistance.


This study has purposed get empiri calevidence ofthe impact of capital structure and size of the company to company performance. In this study,the samples are some companies that are in the basic and chemical industry group in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. To prove the truth of the hypothesis we used multiple regression analysis and t-test statistics. Data processing is done by using Eviews. Based on the results of hypothesis testing found that the debt to equity ratio and long-time debt to equity ratio is a significant negative effect on the performance of the company,while the size of the company and significant positive effect on the performance of companies in the sectors obasic industry and chemicals in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Keywords Debt to Equity Ratio, Long Time Debt to Equity Ratio, Company Size and Return on Assets


Travel time prediction is one of important problems of ITS research. Some predictive models including historic profile approaches,non parametric regression,time series, neural networks, Kalman filtering, traffic simulation and dynamic traffic assignment models, etc., have been established. None of them can obtain satisfactory predictive results at any time of day and/or under different traffic conditions. On the basis of overviewing the existing prediction models, a synthetic model is proposed.


Safety automation of complex mobile systems is a current topic issue in industry and research laboratories, especially in aeronautics. The dynamic models of these systems are nonlinear, Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) and tightly coupled. The nonlinearity resides in the dynamic equations and also in the aerodynamic coefficients' variability. This paper is devoted to developing the piloting law based on the combination of the robust differentiator with a dynamic adaptation of the gains and the robust controller via second order sliding mode, by using an aircraft in virtual simulated environments. To deal with the design of an autopilot controller, we propose an environment framework based on a Software In the Loop (SIL) methodology and we use Microsoft Flight Simulator (FS-2004) as the environment for plane simulation. The first order sliding mode control may be an appropriate solution to this piloting problem. However, its implementation generates a chattering phenomenon and a singularity problem. To overcome these problems, a new version of the adaptive differentiators for second order sliding modes is proposed and used for piloting. For the sliding mode algorithm, higher gains values may be used to improve accuracy; however this leads to an amplification of noise in the estimated signals. A good tradeoff between these two criteria (accuracy, robustness to noise ratio) is difficult to achieve. On the one hand, these values must increase the gains in order to derive a signal sweeping of some frequency ranges. On the other hand, low gains values have to be imposed to reduce noise amplification. So, our goal is to develop a differentiation algorithm in order to have a good compromise between error and robustness to noise ratio. To fit this requirement, a new version of differentiators 1 Laboratoire Contrôle et Commande, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17 Bordj El Bahri, Alger,16000, Algeria. E-mail: email@example.com 2 University of Paris-Sud , IEF UMR 8622, F-91405 Orsay, France. E-mail:email@example.com 3 Center of Development of Advanced Technologies, Alger,16000, Algeria. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 160 Copyright © 2015 Tech Science Press CMES, vol.104, no.3, pp.159-184, 2015 with a higher order sliding modes and a dynamic adaptation of the gains, is proposed: the first order differentiator for the control of longitudinal speed and the second order differentiator for the control of the Euler angles.


beauty and power. A fitting climax to the redemptive processin which sin and pain and the evils of inertia have been for ever destroyed. Artists have vied with one another in picturing its terrors and its glories-just as thinkers have endeavoured to give it meaning in words. Each has partially failed; but we may surely hope that when the spirit of Man goes to his long home and the Kingdom of God is come, the earth that we have loved and lost for a while will not be absent for ever. For it is, I believe, a truly Christian hope that all we have loved here that is in any sense good, or beautiful, or true, will be ours in the world that has no end. The beauties of the sunset and the eyes of a faithful dog-the scent of the rose and the magnificent monuments of men-must assuredly have a place where the God of Beauty reigns supreme.


We investigate how to represent the resulting multivariate information and multidimensional uncertainty by developing and applying candidate visual techniques. Although good techniques exist for visualizing many data types, less progress has been made on how to display uncertainty and multivariate information - this is especially true as the dimensionality rises. At this time, our primary focus is to develop the statistical characterizations for the environmental uncertainty (described only briefly in this article) and to develop a visual method for each characterization. The mariner community needs enhanced characterizations of environmental uncertainty now, but the accuracy of the characterizations is still not sufficient, and therefore formal user evaluations cannot take place at this point in development. We received feedback on the applicability of our techniques from domain experts. We used this in conjunction with previous results to compile a set of development guidelines.


In the experiment,three concentrations of gene activator were used: A_1,A_2 and A_3,which were diluted by 375×(A_1),750×(A_2) and 1 500×(A_3),respectively.Plants were treated by 0.5 h(B_1),1 h(B_2) and 2 h(B_3),respectively.The experiment materials dipped were cultured in liquid Hoagland medium and the length and area of root system of the treated plants were determined after 5 d.The results showed that plants with the three solution concentrations increased the length of root system by 0.88,1.34 and 0.89 times,respectively,their root system area increased by 1.70,5.09 and 1.45 times,respectively.Plants subjected to three different treatment times increased their root system length by 0.91,1.31 and 0.90 times,respectively,their root system area increased by 3.94,2.39 and 1.93 times,respectively.The mean differences were significant at the 0.05 among different treatments and levels of factors.A_2B_2 was the best treatment combination,its root system length and area increased by 1.38 and 4.91 times,respectively.So,that the basal parts of seed stem were dipped for one hour could improve the growth of root system of purple sweet-potato significantly.