The influence of the number of cylinders and the scheme of crank mechanism on the parameters of balanc-ing, mass and size is evaluated in this article. The study of balancing of two sets of engines was fulfilled. Computer analysis of the main load – carrying factors present in each of the engines, was performed, using generalized method of calculation of nominal balancing. The idea of this method is the creation of unified computation scheme of crank mechanism and unified mathematical apparatus, by means of which it is possible to research balancing of any engine.


The present work is intended to lay the foundations for the development of a marketing plan for the GROWING CHILDREN GROW EDUCATIONAL PROJECT that allows increasing the number of users, achieving higher profits that may be used for the benefit of the foundation and its works.
Likewise, it is proposed to carry out an organizational adjustment that facilitates the development of the strategies of marketing plan, for this, information was collected initially to establish and diagnosis of the organization, in order to propose a plan of action to follow to help the strategic redirection of the organization.


We perform an analysis of models of chaotic inflation where the inflaton field $\phi$ is coupled non-minimally to gravity via $\xi \phi^n g^{\mu\nu}R_{\mu\nu}(\Gamma), n>0$. We focus on the Palatini theory of gravity, i.e. the case where the assumptions of the General Relativity are relaxed (that of the connection being the Levi-Civita one) and the gravitational degrees of freedom are encoded not only in the metric but also the connection $\Gamma$, which is treated as an independent variable. We show that in this case the famous attractor behaviour of simple non-minimally coupled models of inflation is lost. Therefore the attractors are not universal but their existence depends on the underlying theory of gravity in a subtle way. We discuss what this means for chaotic models and their observational consequences.


The paper analyses the developing current position of our university libraries from four aspects and presents the fact that the developing patterns of university libraries in the network environment base on the traditional libraries.It has social foundation and the advantage .It also has the basic characteristics of "digitalized library".


Extraction of biomedical objects is used for identification counting and measurement in many applications. Here the semantic gap opens between an object description by an expert in natural language and its reproducible representation in a formal language. This requires algorithms and parameters. Key idea to bridge this gap for a range of applications is separating image analysis and knowledge representation to reduce the need for technical knowledge by the biomedical expert. An image is decomposed into all its visually plausible regions without user interaction by multiscale analysis. For each region a set of descriptive features is computed. The feature vectors are classified where the classifier itself represents the knowledge which is provided with respect to the type of classifier either as examples or by heuristic query rules. With this method a user is able, for example, to extract 99 % of cells from an image series by interval restriction of only four features or to identify a hard-to-see metastasis from a CT thorax by considering roundness.


The essence of the work is to examine the problematic issues in the field of small business and the identification of the current stage of its development. The author also focuses on the problems in this area, offered direction, characterized by stable development of small business in Russia. An assessment carried out by the state action aimed at preventing adverse development trends. The analysis in the number of companies and their distribution by economic activity, the average number of employees in small enterprises by federal districts of the Russian Federation. The authors have attempted to show that the wires are not very effective policy development in this area and suggested ways to increase small business development in Russia.


Abstract. Purba THP, Chasani AR. 2021. Phenetic analysis and habitat preferences of wild orchids in Gunung Gajah Purworejo. Biodiversitas 22: 1371-1377. Orchid (Orchidaceae) is one of the largest flowering plant families comprising more than 25.000 species. Knowledge of wild orchid diversity and their habitat preferences is useful for its conservation efforts. Research of wild orchid diversity in Indonesia has been done before, however, there is still few information about phenetic analysis and habitat preferences of wild orchids in Indonesia particularly in Gunung Gajah, Purworejo, Indonesia. Therefore, our research aimed to study species diversity and phenetic relationship of wild orchids and their habitat preferences in Gunung Gajah, Purworejo. Exploration was done using purposive sampling method. Phenetic analysis was carried out using MVSP 3.1, implemented by clustering method to understand phenetic relationships and ordination by PCA method to reveal morpho-anatomical characters which determine the clustering pattern. Thirteen orchid species of subfamily Vanilloideae, Orchidoideae, and Epidendroideae were found. Two clusters were formed on dendrogram and each of them was separated into two sub-clusters. PCA analysis based on stem, leaf, and flower characters showed different clusters compared to dendrogram. Habitat preferences of wild orchids in Gunung Gajah are alkaline soil, low soil moisture, air temperature 24-29°C, and low to high light intensity. Epiphytic orchids preferences on their host tree are dominated by median and upper part of main stem.


Layered double hydroxide (LDH) (Mg-Al and Mg-Al-Co) films were prepared on the surface of LA103Z magnesium-lithium alloy by hydrothermal synthesis method. Corrosion resistance of binary and ternary LDH coatings was studied by comparison. Structures of the two films were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDS, and the corrosion resistance of the films was evaluated by polarization curve, EIS, and hydrogen evolution rate during immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Results showed that Mg-Al LDH film was tightly bonded to the substrate and had a large number of nanosheets growing perpendicular to the substrate, while Mg-Al-Co LDH film was thinner with a smaller size and fewer nanosheets. Electrochemical test results showed that the polarization resistance of Mg-Al and Mg-Al-Co LDH films was two orders of magnitude higher than that of the substrate. Hydrogen precipitation experiments showed that corrosion resistance of both the films was improved compared to the substrate, and the films played a protective role for the substrate, among which the corrosion resistance of the Mg-Al LDH layer was better than that of the Mg-Al-Co LDH layer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


We discuss masses of stellar black holes found in binary systems and errors in their determination. The observed mass distribution has a broad shape within the range $4-16 M_\odot$ without visible concentration to some preferred value. On the other hand, the black hole mass funciton as inferred from observations of luminous X-ray sources in other galaxies exhibits a power-law form. We show that both dynamically obtained black hole mass function and derived from X-ray observations can be made consistent in the frame of the hypothesis of enhanced black hole evaporation on a RSII brane for reasonable values of the warp-factor of the Anti-de-Sitter bulk space.


This paper presents an experimental and computational assessment of the performance of steel and reinforced concrete beam-column assemblies under monotonic vertical displacement of a center column, simulating a column removal scenario. The assemblies represent portions of structural framing systems designed as intermediate moment frames (IMFs) and special moment frames (SMFs) for Seismic Design Categories C and D, respectively. The steel IMF and SMF assemblies were designed in accordance with ANSI/AISC 341-02 by using prequalified moment connections specified in FEMA 350. The concrete IMF and SMF assemblies were designed and detailed in accordance with ACI 318-02 requirements. Each full-scale assembly comprises two beam spans and three columns, and downward displacements of the center column are imposed until failure. The study provides insight into the behavior and failure modes of the assemblies, including the development of catenary action. Both detailed and reduced finite-element models are developed,...


ABSTRACT Conceptualizing and analyzing collective policy learning processes is a major ongoing theoretical and empirical challenge. A key gap concerns the role of exogenous factors, which remains under-theorized in the policy learning literature. In this paper, we aim to advance the understanding of the role that exogenous factors play in collective learning processes. We propose a typology of exogenous factors (i.e. material, socioeconomic, institutional, discursive), and subsequently apply this in a comparative study of flood risk policymaking in two municipalities in the Netherlands. We find that exogenous factors are indeed essential for understanding collective learning in these cases, as the combined influence with endogenous factors can steer similar learning processes towards different learning products. We conclude our contribution by identifying two opportunities for further developing the collective learning framework, namely regarding the distinction of varying learning products, and the dynamics of exogenous factors over time.


The embryonic cell cycle of Xenopus laevis consists of rapid oscillations between S and M phase occurring in the absence of gap phases and their associated regulatory checkpoints. The end of the 12 cell cycle marks the onset of the midblastula transition (MBT) when the cell cycle lengthens establishing gap phases, their associated checkpoint pathways, and the initiation of zygotic transcription. During cell cycles 2-12, cyclins A and B are translated and expressed once per cell cycle until the MBT when their protein levels decrease due to a newly transcribed zygotic factor that leads to the deadenylation and subsequent loss of their mRNAs. In contrast, cyclin E is expressed at a constitutively high level during cell cycles 2-12. Furthermore, cyclin E levels are terminally lost coincident with initiation of the MBT in the continued presence of its adenylated mRNA. Terminal disappearance of cyclin E appears to be maternally directed and is not affected by zygotic transcription, translation, replication, or the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. This has led to the hypothesis that cyclin E is part of an autonomous maternally directed timer that determines the timing of the MBT. To investigate this possibility we have used antisense oligonucleotides to knockdown cyclin E and assess the affects on the timing of the MBT. Premature knockdown of cyclin E did not affect the timing of the MBT indicating it is not part of the maternal timer. Furthermore, prior to the MBT cyclin E protein has an unusually long half life. However, despite an increased stability the constitutively high levels of cyclin E require a low level of translation. We have also determined that the stable pattern of adenylation observed for cyclin E1 is specified by three cis-acting elements in its' 3'UTR. Deletion of the NPS,


This study present a Monte Carlo investigations of low-temperature magnetic ordering and phase transitions in three-state Potts model on triangular lattice with various exchange interactions between nearest (J1) and next-nearest (J2) neighbors. The density of states for varying J1 and J2 are calculated. The magnetic structure of the ground state for various J1 and J2 are obtained. The critical temperature are calculated and the order of the phase transition determined. The density of states difference (DOSD) and histogram analysis method are used to investigate the order of the phase transitions. The frustrated regions are determined. It is shown, that for negative J1 the high degeneration of the ground state are in fully frustrated area -1<=J2/abs(J1)<=-0.2. For positive J1 frustration are occurred in area -1<=J2/J1<=-0.5, but only in point J2/J1=-1 the system have a high degeneration and are fully frustrated. The phase diagram of the three-state triangular Potts model are show.


Abstract— At this time the spread of the Corona Covid-19 Virus was sweeping the world, Indonesia was also affected, especially in the world of education where the teaching and learning process was usually carried out face-to-face in the classroom. So as a result of this pendemi the teaching and learning process must be done online. The role of information systems technology is very meaningful in lecture learning. This study aims to analyze a model of campus learning conditions and the role of information system technology in college learning amid the COVID-19 corona virus pandemic at STMIK Sinar Nusantara Surakarta. The research method is to make observations and literature studies to obtain data and information used in research. The results of this study indicate the use of information technology has a very important role in the implementation of online distance learning in the midst of the corona covid 19 virus pandemic, among online online media such as: google classroom, whatsapp, zoom. Of the online learning media, it is proven that Google Classroom: 55.9% is widely used as media for sharing materials and assignments, while video conferences lectures are the most users of Google Meet as much as: 70.6%. The results of the analysi s of the online learning value are: 44.1%. Based on this data, it shows that the role of information system technology plays an important role and helps in the teaching and learning process amid the Covid-19 corona virus pandemic.


Abstract Intelligent believers and unbelievers share similar doubts and ethical commitments. If education were to teach conscientiously for intelligent belief and unbelief, then more reflective and open belief for believers, more open reflective unbelief for unbelievers, and better communication between the two groups would be the outcomes. Several curricular topics are explored to illumine and develop this thesis.


Despite the good intentions of the FCC's ascertainment requirements, the Primer has become more of a burden to broadcasters than a vehicle by which to serve the public interest. This paper, based upon survey data of Western Region broadcasters, argues that current procedures do not address the functions the ascertainment requirements were designed to fulfill.


Since from their discovery in 1912, Cosmic-Rays (CRs) are one of the most debated issues of the high energy astrophysics. Their origin is still a fundamental problem and is the subject of very intense research. Until now, the best candidate sources of Galactic CR component are Supernova Remnants (SNRs) but final proof for the origin of CRs up to the knee can only be obtained through two fundamental signatures, the detection of a clear gamma-ray signature of π 0 decay in Galactic sources and the identification of sources emitting a photon spectrum up to PeV energies. Both indications are quite difficult to obtain. The two gamma-ray satellites, AGILE and Fermi, together with ground telescopes operating in the TeV energy range (HESS, VERITAS and MAGIC), collected a great amount of data from SNRs. In spite of the recent discovery of the neutral pion spectral signature in the SNR W44 spectrum by AGILE (and confirmed by Fermi-LAT), all gamma-ray data collected at GeV and TeV energies for several young and middle-aged SNRs provide interesting challenges to current theoretical models. The emerging view from gamma-ray and particle detection is intriguing and lead to revisit the CR-SNR paradigm, considering also the contribution of other kind of sources.


In order to improve the retrieval performance in the educational resource database, this paper designs an retrieval mechanism called ERRM based on Lucene and topic index. Firstly, this paper introduces the full-text search engine – Lucene, and studies in depth its internal implementation. Then by the way of the topic index which is learned by the topic model, this paper researches how to successfully expand query semantics. Based on Lucene and topic index, this paper proposes a new retrieval mechanism for educational resources. After expanding the user query, the retrieval mechanism submits the enriched query condition to Lucene for full-text retrieval. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism could obviously improve the retrieval performance and precision.


Recently a new Particle ultrasound Image Velocimetry (PuIV) technique (Fig.1.a) was validated allowing the estimation of velocity components perpendicular to the numbers (Eq.1) in the vessel was estimated during a reflection free period, i.e. a linear section in the QAloop of the cardiac cycle (the systolic foot) as the ratio between changes in flow Q and in cross ultrasound beam [1]; and in combination with the cosθ-integration model [2], the accurate assessment of volume flow in both straight and curved vessels (Fig.1.b), simultaneously with the vessel's diameter. In sectional area A (Eq.3). PWV estimation was used to


The Court of Execution audits the legality of the forced auction sale (bidding), a public transaction. If the Court determines a disability which effects the mentioned transaction, then it cancels the compulsory performance transaction itself (EBL art. 134). Transactions before or during the time of auction shall consider as to rig a competitive bidding process, if these transactions are illegal and immoral acts which are preventing the auction to proceed as regard by the law. It is admissable as a reason for the annulment of a competitive bidding that if the buyer (taker) found himself in a position that he had a mistake in the essential qualities of the good (or if he/she was directed by others to buy it mistakenly).


The problem of equilibrium and stability of plasma confined in certain magnetic fields of combined mirror‐cusp form is discussed. These fields have the properties that they are nowhere zero and everywhere increase toward the periphery. Attention is drawn to the importance of the existence of closed surfaces of constant |B|—the magnetic isobars. The conditions for plasma equilibrium are derived and interpreted; then by exploiting the existence of closed magnetic isobars certain low‐β confined equilibria are constructed. These equilibria are shown to be stable according to the fluid (double adiabatic) energy principle and according to the small Larmor radius limit theory. A direct proof of stability against motions which preserve the magnetic moment is given. These equilibria have the property that there is no current along lines of force so that they are also immune to several drift instabilities.


Background and Purpose: Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) has high fatality or varying degrees of disability while has few proven treatments. This study aims at investigating the association between dental scaling (DS) and risk of ICH. Methods: In this cohort study, two cohorts were matched by propensity score based on potential confounders. Data of ICH between January 2008 and December 2014 from Taiwan was analysed. The subjects underwent DS at least 6 times between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2007, while the matched controls did not undergo any DS during the same period. Cumulative incidences and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated after adjusting for competing confounders. Results: Each cohort consisted of 681,126 subjects. Compared with the non-DS cohort, the regular-DS cohort had a significantly lower incidence of ICH (0.8% vs 1.2%; P < 0.0001), and the adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) of 7-year ICH was 0.61 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.59-0.63; P < 0.0001). The 30-39-year age group of regular-DS cohort had the lowest HR (0.57; 95% CI, 0.52-0.61; P < 0.0001) of 7-year ICH when compared with similar controls. Compared with the controls, the regular-DS cohort also had significantly lower HR (0.82; 95% CI, 0.81-0.82; P < 0.0001) of 7-year hypertension. Compared with those without DS, lowest risk of intracerebral haemorrhage was observed in the male participants with regular DS (0.43; 95% CI, 0.40-0.47; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Adherence to regular DS was consistently associated with lower ICH risk in subjects aged 30-59 years, indicating the role of DS in ICH prophylaxis.


We extend the baseline‐category logits model for categorical response data to accommodate two distinct kinds of clustering. Our extension introduces random effects that have one component exhibiting spatial dependence and a second component that is distributed independently. We use this enhanced categorical logits model for investigating the factors that affect the geographical distribution of the diagnostic stage of prostate cancer (PrCA) in South Carolina (SC). Using incidence data from the SC registry, we fit three types of models: the baseline‐category logits model, the proportional odds model, and the adjacent‐categories logits model, each incorporating our two‐component random effects. The deviance information criterion (DIC) is used for selecting the best‐fitting model. The results from the best model are presented and interpreted. The county‐specific random effects are mapped to characterize the spatial distribution pattern of diagnostic stage of PrCA in the study region. In terms of spatial distribution of the diagnostic stage of PrCA, an area of excess (unexplained) risk was found in the north‐west area, and an area of low excess risk in the north‐east area for regional‐stage cancer in SC was identified through the analysis of the cancer registry data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper contains information on a data acquisition and processing method, aimed at the determination of radiation patterns of airborne equipment. It describes the data acquisition procedure and, more specific, the data processing and presentation schemes used.
Paper presented at the Symposium on Flight Test Techniques of the AGARD Flight Mechanics Panel, held at DFVLR, Porz-Wahn, 11-14 October 1976.


BACKGROUND
Fruitculture workers are exposed to shoulder pain disorders due to long working time in overhead activities.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to analyze the association between the time of physical work and leisure activities over the perception of shoulder pain intensity in fruit growing workers.

METHODS
This is a descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 180 fruit-growing workers. Multivariable logistic regression was used, with an estimate of the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. The dependent variable: Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (0-10 points), was categorized as low and high, with cutoff points NPRS > 3 and NPRS > 4, and was associated with the independent variables (level of physical activity, personal, labour and psychosocial).

RESULTS
Workers which are insufficiently active in leisure time are more likely to report high-intensity shoulder pain, NPRS > 3 (OR: 2.39; p = 0.049) and NPRS > 4 (OR: 2.85; p = 0.036). In addition, working time in overhead activities is a risk factor for high-intensity pain for NPRS > 3 and NPRS > 4 (OR = 1.01; p < 0.001). Underweight and normal-weight workers were less likely to report shoulder pain in NPRS > 3 (OR = 0.35; p = 0.020) and in NPRS > 4 (OR = 0.20; p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Fruit-growing workers had a high prevalence of severe shoulder pain. In addition, workers who are insufficiently active at leisure, overweight and obese are more likely to report severe pain. It was observed that overhead tasks increase the chances of reporting high-intensity shoulder pain among workers.


To assess the outcomes of monthly pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide (IV CYC) therapy for lupus nephritis and to identify factors contributing to suboptimal outcomes.


Accurate models of human body tissues and organs have tremendous applications in the medical field. Modeled organs within virtual environments are increasingly being used as research tools in medicine. In the near future, these research tools will make their way into teaching and clinical practice. These virtual environment simulations allow researchers to study the behavior of human organs and to develop large databases of organ characteristics. The 3D viewing and interaction available through virtual reality make it possible for physicians to practice many medical procedures without ever touching a patient. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a "sensory data glove", developed by the authors, for calculating the stiffness of an object beneath a surface of varying stiffness.


Brassy minnow (Hybognathus hankinsoni Hubbs, 1929) have disjunct distributions in western Canada, making them a species of conservation concern. We assessed changes in the distribution of invasive species as factors influencing the distribution of brassy minnow and other native species by comparing historical and current distributions in the lower Fraser River in British Columbia. We tested effects of physical habitat parameters on local distributions of brassy minnow and for evidence of negative interactions between brassy minnow and invasive brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819)). Comparison of contemporary and historical (1956 and 1959) fish distributions indicated significant declines in native cypriniform (minnows and suckers) species, including brassy minnow, but no change in the number of invasive species, although there was some faunal turnover. Logistic regression suggested that conductivity, turbidity, and water temperature were important predictors of brassy minnow presence. Appear...


As a network control device which controls a call connection between a calling party terminal and a called party terminal, a network control device determines whether the own network control device is in a congestion state when a handover request is acquired from another network control device which is in the congestion state, and stops transmitting a busy tone to a mobile terminal which is the calling party terminal and transmits a ring back tone to the mobile terminal when it is determined that the own network control device is not in the congestion state.


In this paper, an exact computation of the geometric error fo r h mography is derived. We assume the Gaussian noise model for the perturbation of image coordina tes and formulate the problem as a least squares minimization. This paper shows how to compute accur te geometric error through solving a polynomial of degree eight. This approach avoids falling in to local minima that may occur when iterative methods are used. An application where this method can impro ve accuracy is discussed. Experiments comparing the geometric error with its approximation by the Sampson error are presented.


Serious Games (SG) are more and more used for training in various domains, and notably in the crisis management domain. Crisis management can gather several hundred stakeholders, which can present various difficulties when organizing field exercises. Serious Game constitutes a more practical alternative with specific benefits concerning detailed players' actions tracking during a simulated exercise. Moreover, Non Played Characters (NPC) can be used to adapt the crisis management exercise perimeter to the available stakeholders as well as specific training objectives. In this paper we present a general Multi-Agent System (MAS) architecture providing support to the behavioural simulation as well as the monitoring and assessment of human players. To each NPC is associated a so called Game Agent designed to reproduce the behaviour of the actor simulated. The Game Agents are based on a deliberative model (Belief Desire Intention) with added editing features to facilitate the scenario design phase. Thus an Agent editor allows a designer to configure agents' behaviours illustrated in this paper with a crisis management scenario. The behaviour simulation was implemented within the pre-existing SIMFOR project, a serious game for training in crisis management.


This work discusses PatrasSense, a system utilizing a range of technologies for monitoring environmental conditions, based on the concept of participatory monitoring. We discuss here the main issues in this category of applications, and its relation to the Real World Internet vision. We are interested in the use of sensors for collecting data related to the quality of life in urban areas, making it publicly available. We describe a possible architecture for such a system and a plan for deployment in the city of Patras, Greece. We have thus far implemented a set of features and conducted an initial set of small-scale experiments using sensor devices mounted on vehicles. We report on the respective results.


The protective effect of quercetin on docetaxel – an anticancer agent – induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Thirty‐two rats were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 – control, carrier solutions were given; group 2 – quarcetin 20 mg kg−1 day−1 was given orally; group 3 – docetaxel 5 mg kg−1 was given intraperitoneally as single dose; group 4 – docetaxel and quarcetin were given together. The histopathological changes; the specific biochemical markers, including antioxidants; and the sperm characteristics were evaluated. Docetaxel caused a significant increase in TBARS level and a significant decrease in SOD, GPX, CAT and GSH levels in the testicular tissues compared with the control group, whereas quercetin led to a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, which was caused by docetaxel, via reducing TBARS level and increasing the levels of SOD, CAT, GPX and GSH. In addition, after docetaxel administration, sperm motility, sperm concentration, testicular and epididymis weights were significantly decreased and abnormal sperm rate and histopathological changes were increased. However, these effects of docetaxel on sperm parameters, histological changes and the tissue weights were eliminated by quercetin treatment. Our results show that the administration of docetaxel induced the testicular damage (oxidative stress, testes tissue damage and sperm parameters), and quercetin prevented docetaxel‐induced testicular damage in rats.


In this paper we consider three-manifolds with weakly umbilic boundary (the Second Fundamental form of the boundary is a constant multiple of the metric). We show that if the initial manifold has positive Ricci curvature and the boundary is convex (nonnegative Second Fundamental form), its metric can be deformed via the Ricci flow to a metric of constant curvature and totally geodesic boundary.


Prior conversation analytic research has demonstrated that when, following a sequence-initiating action, a response is relevantly missing (or is forthcoming but is apparently inadequate), speakers may use a range of practices for pursuing a response (or a more adequate response). These practices—such as response prompts, preference reversals, or turn extensions—treat the missing (or inadequate) response as indicative of some problem, and they may either expose or mask the response pursuit and the problem they attempt to remediate. This article extends this prior research by showing that speakers can also use repair technology—specifically, repair of an indexical reference—as a resource for pursuing a response. It demonstrates that speakers can use repair of indexicals, particularly when no uncertainty as to the referent seems possible, in order to pursue a response while obscuring some other possible source of trouble. Initiating repair on an indexical reference in transition space claims that a missing response is due to a problem of understanding or of recognizing the reference, and by repairing it, the speaker makes available another opportunity for a response without exposing recipient disinclination as the possible source of the trouble. Likewise, repairing an indexical reference in the third turn can pursue a more adequate response, while avoiding going on record as doing so, by treating the sequence-initiating turn as the source of the trouble. We show that, by ostensibly dealing with problems of reference, repairs on indexicals manage (covertly) other more interactionally charged issues, such as upcoming disagreement or misalignment between interlocutors.


The scattering of Rb atoms on paraffin coatings was studied. The results showed that the increase of surface dwell time by cooling from 305 to 123 K is smaller than 2.3 × 10-6 s.


A thin film is a surface layer at most a few micrometers thick, having properties that differ from those of the bulk material or substrate on which the film is deposited. Thin-film formation techniques are often called vapor deposition processes. A variety of techniques are available, which may be classified as either physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition, depending on the source of the vapor to be deposited. Physical vapor deposition processes are the largest-volume techniques for thin-film formation. To produce the vapor, vacuum technology, ion plating or atomic sputtering, plasmas, and magnetrons, alone or in some combination, may be used. Chemical vapor deposition involves a chemical reaction. The vapor may come from a gas, liquid, or solid. Electroplating and electroless plating are two chemical deposition techniques that do not involve vapors.

Keywords:

Film formation;
Thin films;
Deposition techniques;
Vacuum deposition;
Sputter deposition;
Ion plating;
Vapors;
Chemical vapor deposition;
Plating;
Chemical solutions;
Film properties


Previous behavioural tests indicated that strain recognition and aggregation behaviour could be induced by cuticular hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to document and to compare cuticular hydrocarbon profiles between different strains of Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) and to relate variations in the general profile of cuticular hydrocarbons with strain discrimination during behavioural tests. Profiles of different strains were remarkably similar qualitatively but presented slight quantitative differences over the 25 identified components. Important differences were observed in dimethylalkane components and these allowed separation of the strains into two groups using multivariate methods. Although we were not able to demonstrate a relationship between strain discrimination ability and differences in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, we assumed that cuticular hydrocarbons could play two major roles in B. germanica strains. Less variable hydrocarbon profiles could play a role in species recognition and aggregation behaviour and the more variable part could play a role in strain discrimination.


Objectives: We conducted a bibliometric indicators in the first 199 articles published in CorSalud, in order to meet the current and evolving content. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study retrospectively analyzing the articles published in the Journal CorSalud between the first quarter of 2009 and the first quarter of 2013 inclusive, by source of origin of the first author, publication issue composition and update of reference sources and number of authors signing. Results: We analyzed a total of 199 articles, the 73.36% of them came from Villa Clara, the Cardiology prevailed with 50.25% of the thematic references sources used were 79.96% printed journals and the updating of them had an annual downward trend but remained 7.78% with an average of 47.05% and the Index of Collaboration between the authors reached an average of 3.75%. Conclusions: Most of the items were from the Midwest, original articles, brief review were the general and special. Cardiology predominated issues, sources of references used were mostly printed magazines, updating them remains at levels comparable internationally as Collaboration Index authors also showed an increasing trend.


Enoch and Qumran Origins: New Light on a Forgotten Connection, edited by Gabriele Boccaccini. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2005. 472 pp. $40.00. This volume of collected essays is the product of the second Enoch Seminar held in Venice in July 2003. Fifty-three scholars gathered to discuss their research surrounding a particular set of questions. "How do the Dead Sea Scrolls affect our knowledge of Enoch literature? And how does the Enoch literature affect our understanding of Qumran? In particular, how does the study of Enoch challenge or modify the Essene Hypothesis, and to what extent does it support or dismiss alternative hypotheses, such as Garcia Martinez's Groningen Hypothesis and Boccaccini's Essene-Enochic Hypothesis? These questions were the subject of the Venice meeting of the Enoch Seminar, and are the subject of the present volume" (p. 12). The volume is divided into five parts, each of which is followed by a bibliography. Parts One and Two explore the relationship of the Enoch literature to two other texts, Daniel (especially the Visions of Daniel) and Jubilees, because all three texts have been used by some scholars to shed light on the pre-history or generative ideas of the Qumran community. Part Three is focused specifically on the Apocalypse of Weeks (1 Enoch 93:1-10; 91:11-17) because this Enoch text is closest to the actual time of Qumran origins. Parts Four and Five are then devoted to the aforementioned Groningen and Essene-Enochic hypotheses, respectively. An interesting feature of this five-part arrangement is that a leading expert in each of the areas responds to the papers and arguments presented by colleagues in the seminar; namely (and in order), John J. Collins, James C. VanderKam, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Florentino Garcia Martinez, and Gabriele Boccaccini. The result is some very informative and engaging reading. Finally, the volume concludes with a thoughtful essay by James H. Charlesworth. The questions this book seeks to address are exceedingly complex, given the realities of the composite nature of the Book of Enoch, the rich diversity of the Qumran library and the historical and religious turmoil of the second century B.C.E. The seminar papers offer interpretations of particular documents, discussions of similar ideologies present in different texts, and suggestions about reform movements and social groups that preserved this literature. The result is not that definitive answers are reached; rather, various scholarly proposals are clarified and, most importantly, new avenues of research are suggested. Perhaps the best a short review can seek to convey is something of the excitement generated by a community of scholars who have discovered that there is more work to be done. …


Globally 422 million individuals suffered due to diabetes mellitus (DM) during 2014. Global prevalence of DM 8.5% among individuals more than 18 years of age during the same year. Worldwide prevalence of anxiety and depression among general population was 3.6% and 4.4% respectively in 2015. Prevalence of anxiety among type II DM reported from various countries ranged from 31.4% to 58.7%. Prevalence of Depression among diabetics ranged from 10.9% to 69%. In India, prevalence of DM was 7.7% in 2016 among individuals aged 20 years or older, Prevalence of anxiety and depression in general population were 3.5% and 2.7% respectively in India during 2015-16. A study done at Haryana state of India reported a prevalence or frequency ABSTRACT


We identify a subclass of labelled sequents called "labelled tree sequents" and show that these are notational variants of tree-hypersequents in the sense that a sequent of one type can be represented naturally as a sequent of the other type. This relationship can be extended to nested (deep) sequents using the relationship between tree-hypersequents and nested (deep) sequents, which we also show. We apply this result to transfer proof-theoretic results such as syntactic cutadmissibility between the tree-hypersequent calculus CSGL and the labelled sequent calculus G3GL for provability logic GL. This answers in full a question posed by Poggiolesi about the exact relationship between these calculi. Our results pave the way to obtain cut-free tree-hypersequent and nested (deep) sequent calculi for large classes of logics using the known calculi for labelled sequents, and also to obtain a large class of labelled sequent calculi for bi-intuitionistic tense logics from the known nested (deep) sequent calculi for these logics. Importing prooftheoretic results between notational variant systems in this manner alleviates the need for independent proofs in each system. Identifying which labelled systems can be rewritten as labelled tree sequent systems may provide a method for determining the expressive limits of the nested sequent formalism.


This paper proposed a dimension reduction algorithm based on LPP and LDA,which not only utilized that LPP could preserve locality,but also took into account that the LDA made the data more discriminant and thus made classification mare easier.The proposed algorithm was linear,which could map the out of sample data to the target space easily.Experiments in face recognition validate the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithm.


Peripartum hysterectomy may be performed as an emergency to save the life of a woman with persistent bleeding, or as planned procedure, often in conjunction with cesarean section. Here, we report a rare case in which uterus was removed manually.


This article aims to understand the inclusion of public service employees with functional differences (disabled persons), considering their possible association with the work design, and their satisfaction with quality of life factors in the job. The research is split into three stages:


We have studied the influence of vibration--rotation Coriolis interaction on the processes of vibrational energy redistribution in electronically excited polyatomic molecules. The probability of a nonradiative intramolecular transition between the energy levels of molecular oscillators, active and inactive in a vibronic transition during selective excitation, is discussed. It is shown that nonradiative intramolecular transitions due to Coriolis interaction lead to a decrease of selectivity in the distribution of the excited state over the vibrational energy levels. The nature of the temperature dependence of the intramolecular redistribution of vibrational energy is established. The strength ratio of the discrete and diffuse components of the vapor fluorescence spectrum as a function of the ratio of the probabilities of spontaneous radiative and relaxation nonradiative transitions is discussed. Agreement between the theoretical and experimental data on the temperature dependence of the discrete and diffuse components of the vapor fluorescence spectra is noted.


Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is a large multimeric glycoprotein that mediates platelet adhesion to the damaged blood vessel wall and subsequent platelet aggregation at the site of vascular injury. The size of VWF multimers in plasma is regulated by the specific VWF cleaving protease, ADAMTS13, that cleaves VWF at the Y1605-M1606 bond in the VWF A2 domain. The adhesive properties of VWF is directly related to the multimer size, with loss of high molecular weight VWF leading to the bleeding phenotype in Type 2A von Willebrand disease (VWD) and ultra high molecular weight VWF multimers observed in the prothrombotic state of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). VWF mutations leading to multimer changes have not been examined in an animal model. Although the human and mouse VWF genes are highly conserved, mutations in the two genes have not been compared experimentally. To that end, we have made mutations in the mouse VWF (mVWF) cDNA to compare the ADAMTS13 cleavage patterns seen with human VWF mutations in two in vitro assays. Recombinant multimerized full-length mVWF was digested with different concentrations of recombinant mouse ADAMTS13 (mADAMTS13) and 1.5M urea, and analyzed via multimer migration distance. The GST and histidine-tagged G1554-T1668 A2 domain region of mVWF (mVWF115) was assayed via ELISA as follows: the mVWF115 was bound to anti-GST coated plates, digested with mADAMTS13, and intact mVWF115 detected via HRP-labeled anti-histidine tag antibody. We examined R1597W (VWD Type 2A), R1306W, (VWD Type 2B), Y1584C (VWD Type 1), as well as two previously described changes that drastically lower VWF cleavage, Y1605A/M1606A, and D1614A/E1615A/K1617A. Y1584C showed a statistically insignificant 41% decrease in cleavage in the full-length assay, but a 20% increase in the mVWF115 assay. Conversely, R1597W had a 64% decrease in the full-length assay, but a 28% increase in the mVWF115 assay. Y1605A/M1606A showed a dramatic loss of cleavage, with no observable loss of high molecular weight multimers at 32 units/ml of mADAMTS13, and a 126-fold higher mADAMTS13 concentration than wild type in the mVWF115 assay. This contrasted with the 8-fold increase observed with D1614A/E1615A/K1617A. The R1306W A1 domain mutation showed a significant increase in cleavage, with 63% less ADAMTS13 necessary in the full-length assay. The triple mutant R1306W/Y1605A/M1606A did not cleave at the highest concentration, 32 U/ml, similar to that of Y1605A/M1606A, showing that the R1306W mutation was not able to increase cleavage of the Y1605A/M1606A change. These results show a strong correlation between the mouse mutations described here and previously reported human VWF mutations in their susceptibility to ADAMTS13 cleavage. These results provide a rationale for the development of mouse models of type 1, 2A, and 2B VWD, as well as mVWF mutations that might lead to a prothrombotic state similar to TTP in humans.


The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the effects of thermal stratification and partial fuel stratification on reducing the pressure-rise rate and emission in HCCI combustion. The engine is fueled with Di-Methyl Ether(DME) which has unique 2-stage heat release. Computational work is conducted with multi-zones model and detailed chemical reaction scheme. Calculation result shows that wider thermal stratification and partial fuel stratification prolong combustion duration and reduce pressure rise rate. But too wide partial fuel stratification increases CO and NOx concentration in exhaust gas, and decreases combustion efficiency.


With the development of society,it needs more and more excellent teachers.Now,the development of teacher professionalization is one effective way to solve problems in vocational school.Vocational school teachers should pay attention to the professional development,keep the mental health on the angle of professional and professional development.Teachers also should carry out action research and learn to self-examination in the process of teaching.


The ability of LAK cells and/or IL‐2 to affect the course of an established T cell response was examined in a delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) model. IL‐2 greatly increased the magnitude of the response at 24 h, while LAK cells alone had no effect. The administration of LAK cells and IL‐2 together also had no effect on the magnitude of the DTH response, demonstrating that LAK cells were able to remove the enhancement seen with IL‐2 alone. The presence of LAK cells reduced the serum half‐life of IL‐2 significantly, but not to an extent able to account for the observed loss of IL‐2 induced DTH enhancement. IL‐2 administration influenced cell phenotypes in the spleen and draining lymph nodes (DLN), as well as increasing splenic weight; the additional presence of LAK cells markedly altered these effects of IL‐2 in the spleen (but not the DLN). Taken together, these results suggest that LAK cells interact with activated T‐cells within the immune system and modulate their function.


The progression of a liquid inside a porous medium often involves two macroscopic fronts: a main one, at the bottom, which saturates the medium; and a much thinner one, ahead, which propagates using the fine structures of the porous material. We discuss here different characteristics of this precursor. We show in particular how it can move faster than the main front, although it follows confined paths. We also describe its dynamics, and compare our results with different experimental situations.


In this paper,how to guide and enlighten students'innovative thinking and practice,as well as creative algorithm and program design capabilities were explored by adjusting the teaching contents through the reform of teaching methods of data structure course,based on the teaching practice of data structure course.It aimed at solving students' passive study when facing programs and algorithms,motivating students to actively independent learning,constructing the basic subject quality with practical ability as the core,stimulating students'interest in learning,and training students'innovation ability.


Significance Understanding how multiple disturbances may interact to affect ecosystems is important for ecosystem management as climate-driven disturbance activity increases. Recent severe bark beetle (Circulionidae: Scolytinae) outbreaks have led to widespread concern about the potential for increased wildfire severity and decreased postfire forest resilience throughout the northern hemisphere. Using extensive field data collected in multiple recent (occurring in 2011) wildfires throughout the Northern Rocky Mountains (United States), we found that recent (2001–2010) prefire mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak severity affected few measures of wildfire severity and was not directly related to postfire tree seedling establishment, suggesting that subalpine forests dominated by serotinous lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) may be resilient to these two combined disturbances. Widespread tree mortality caused by outbreaks of native bark beetles (Circulionidae: Scolytinae) in recent decades has raised concern among scientists and forest managers about whether beetle outbreaks fuel more ecologically severe forest fires and impair postfire resilience. To investigate this question, we collected extensive field data following multiple fires that burned subalpine forests in 2011 throughout the Northern Rocky Mountains across a spectrum of prefire beetle outbreak severity, primarily from mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). We found that recent (2001–2010) beetle outbreak severity was unrelated to most field measures of subsequent fire severity, which was instead driven primarily by extreme burning conditions (weather) and topography. In the red stage (0–2 y following beetle outbreak), fire severity was largely unaffected by prefire outbreak severity with few effects detected only under extreme burning conditions. In the gray stage (3–10 y following beetle outbreak), fire severity was largely unaffected by prefire outbreak severity under moderate conditions, but several measures related to surface fire severity increased with outbreak severity under extreme conditions. Initial postfire tree regeneration of the primary beetle host tree [lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia)] was not directly affected by prefire outbreak severity but was instead driven by the presence of a canopy seedbank and by fire severity. Recent beetle outbreaks in subalpine forests affected few measures of wildfire severity and did not hinder the ability of lodgepole pine forests to regenerate after fire, suggesting that resilience in subalpine forests is not necessarily impaired by recent mountain pine beetle outbreaks.


A nonparametric smoothing method for assessing the adequacy of gener- alized linear mixed models (GLMMs) is developed. The proposed method is based on smoothing the residuals over continuous covariates to avoid the partition of continuous covariates on model checking. The global test statistic has a quadratic form and its for- mulae of expectation as well as variance are derived. The sampling distribution of the quadratic form test statistic is approximated by a scaled chi-squared distribution. For bandwidth selection, the leave-one-out cross-validation approach is recommendable for use. A longitudinal binary data set is utilized to demonstrate the proposed approach. 1. Introduction. The analysis of longitudinal data has been remarkably ourished in the public health and social sciences for years. Longitudinal studies are employed to


We have performed low temperature magnetoresistance measurements of the two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in an inversion layer on p-type InAs. In high magnetic fields perpendicular to the 2DES beating patterns in Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations are observed from which the Rashba spin-orbit interaction parameter is determined. In the low-field regime we perceive weak localization and antilocalization. By fitting to the gathered localization data the elastic, inelastic, and spin relaxation times as well as coherence lengths for diffusive transport are determined for different applied gate-voltages. The Rashba parameter determined from these relaxation times is compared to the values obtained from the high-field Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations.


With the advent of Convolutional Neural Networks, the field of image classification has seen tremendous growth, with various previously impossible applications now being pursued. One such application is face mask detection, which is an important problem to solve, considering recent pandemic. The novelty of this work is the training of YOLO (You Only Look Once) framework for custom object detection, which in this case is face mask, based on some empirical rules for fine-tuning the performance. Also, image classification is proposed to be combined with tracker, in order to implement real world access grant system based on compliance shown by mask wearer.


Chapter 1 Identity and Institutions: Becoming European in the EU Part 2 Part I: The Social Psychology of Identity Change Chapter 3 Identity Change in the Context of the Growing Influence of European Union Institutions Chapter 4 European Identity: A Social-psychological Perspective Chapter 5 National Differences and European Plurality: Discrimination or Tolerance between European Countries Part 6 Part II: Identity within the EU Institutions at the Elite Level Chapter 7 The European Union and Its Institutions as "Identity Builders" Chapter 8 National and Transnational Identities: European and Other Identities Constructed in Interviews with EU Officials Chapter 9 EU Correspondents in Brussels: Between Europe and the Nation-State Part 10 European Identity among Non-elites Chapter 11 More than Nationals: How Identity Choice Matters in the New Europe Chapter 12 Civic and Cultural Components of a European Identity: A Pilot Model of Measurement of Citizens' Levels of European Identity Chapter 13 Europe Viewed from Below: Agents, Victims, and the Threat of the Other Part 14 Part IV: Comparisons and Lessons Chapter 15 European Institutions and Identity Change: What Have We Learned?


The invention discloses a toxic or combustible gas sensor wireless detection network system and a monitoring method thereof. The system comprises a wireless gas detection terminal and a monitoring terminal, and is characterized in that: the wireless gas detection terminal communicates with the monitoring terminal through a self-organized network or a data ratio, and comprises a gas sensing module and a wireless transceiver module; and the gas sensing module detects the concentration of a toxic or combustible gas in the ambient environment, and transmits the detected information to the monitoring terminal for communication through the wireless transceiver module. The system can monitor the data of the toxic, harmful and combustible gas in real time through the network simultaneously in field and remotely.


The 'unilateral turn' in EU trade and investment policy is also reflected in the EU's adoption of restrictive measures or sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. EU sanctions do not only target the Russian government but also Russian individuals and companies with investments in the EU. They can also indirectly affect the economic activities of other foreign investors running businesses in the territory of Member States. This raises unexplored questions about the interaction between EU sanctions and certain disciplines of international economic law, such as international investment protection law. Member States have undertaken obligations under international investment agreements (IIAs) signed with Russia and other states in respect of investments made in their territory by Russian and non-Russian investors. This article examines whether, and if so to what extent, the EU's unilateral turn in the form of sanctions can fall within the scope of international investment law. It shows that this policy can trigger claims against Member States under a different set of IIAs. This article also examines potential defences that Member States can invoke against investment treaty claims resulting from the implementation of sanctions.
Sanctions, Russia-Ukraine conflict, international law, international investment agreements, ISDS, nationality, third-party countermeasures, essential security interests


Taking the automated manual AMT on CHERY QQ as an example,The author introduces the structure and working principle of AMT system;through fault examples,elaborates the breakdown phenomenon,overhaul thinking,the process of fault diagnosis and removing and the commonly used inspection and analysis methods such as fault codes analysis and data flow analysis.


A new pulse sequence design method that requires no prior knowledge of MR physics or training dataset is proposed. This method utilizes neural architecture search, generating an optimal sequence for given properties (e.g., T2*, B1+) and target objectives. It successfully discovered FLAIR-like and spin-echo-like sequences. Furthermore, a less-intuitive sequence using three RF pulses was created when targeted for spin-echo. In an in-vivo experiment, this new sequence had almost identical contrasts and SNR with spin-echo (our SNR: 297.1±70.1; spin-echo SNR: 295.8±78.2) while utilizing 90% of RF energy of the spin-echo, suggesting a potential of the automated sequence design.


Tax management is one of the essential aspects of mergers. Mergers of companies that are residents of different Member States are not hampered by disadvantages arising from the tax provisions; it applies to income-, capital-, as well as to value added taxation. With respect to mergers, the tax rules are neutral and allow the deferral of the taxation of the capital gains relating to the assets transferred until their actual disposal. When planning a cross-border transaction it is especially necessary to take into consideration the legal form and place of residence of the participating entities, business justification of the transaction, losses of the transferring company or the percentage of a holding in the capital of the company being taken over.


Oral and Intramuscular vaccination has been considered till date as the ultimate ways, but nasal route offers advantages such as ease of self administration and induction of mucosal as well as systemic immunity. Both liquid and dry powder formulations can be given via intranasal route. A great consideration has to be given while selecting a suitable device for nasal administration since the volume delivered is very low. A number of devices are available based on number of doses to be administered and type of dosage formulation.


We have been studying about the superconductig wires for AC use by Powder-Metallugy Process. Nb and Cu-1%Mn powders prepared by PREP (Plasma Rotating Electrode Process) were used, because the PREP powder is not contaminated by oxigen and has good workability. The starting material is the mixture of Nb and Cu-1%Mn powders, and the ratio of mixteure is (Cu-1%Mn)-15 to 50%Nb. We measured and estimated the critical current densities and the hysteresis losses of the wires. The critical current densities propotional to the Nb concentration powered by 2. As the Nb concentration is increased, the effective filament diameters and upper critical magnetic field increase.


1 Institute of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Dacheng Road, Yi-Chang, China 443000 2 Department of Agriculture and Environment, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia 3 School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia *Correspondence address. Institute of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yi-Chang, China 443000. Tel:+86-13972568521; Fax:+86-07176395580; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Abstract We identify an exceptional point in the numerical stability map of a combustion experiment operated with laminar premixed flames. A low-order model of the experiment allows one to investigate the interplay between the system modes and an exceptional point. The latter is located in the unstable region of the complex eigenvalue plane. Under gradual variation of the operating parameters, the branch-switching characteristic of the exceptional point can facilitate abrupt changes between strong instability and stable operation. The results also indicate that intrinsic thermoacoustic feedback plays an important role in the stability characteristics of this experiment.


Based on a previous ethnobotanical survey, Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. was selected as its heartwood is traditionally used for infections treatment and as mosquito repellent in the province of Ouaddai (Chad). In our course for a better knowledge of this medicinal plant which could be developed as phytomedicine, it is of great interest to subsequently characterize the chemical profile and bioactivities of this plant. In the present study we develop an Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/QTOF) technique to characterized on line potentially bioactive compounds. Thirteen compounds were identified in active extracts and fractions from Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. heartwood, namely gallic and ellagic acids derivatives, 23- O -galloyl-terminolic acid, 23- O -galloyl arjunolic acid, 4,4'-dihydroxy-Z-stilbene- O -rutinoside and 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-Z-stilbene- O -rutinoside. Antibacterial properties were evaluated against sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and antioxidant activities using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). Stilbene derivatives, 23- O -galloyl-terminolic acid and 23- O -galloyl arjunolic acid are newly reported in T. macroptera Guill. & Perr.


In an article published recently in this journal, Alan Kirk offered fresh insights into a long-standing problem by using an anthropological model of reciprocity.1 Kirk dissolved the tension between the seemingly reciprocal "Do unto others" and the more exclusive "Love your enemy" by showing that the texts presuppose but deliberately challenge ancient expectations of reciprocity. Kirk's article provides us with an opportunity to reflect on the importance of methodological clarity, especially in the form of constructing (and choosing) culture-appropriate models. The timing of this opportunity is good because the use of anthropological and sociological models in biblical exegesis is becoming more popular. A consistent thorn in the side of social-scientific criticism, among other fields, has been the validity of applying models cross-culturally.2 In most instances this concerns taking models developed in the modern world (e.g., honor and shame, psychoanalysis, functionalism, cognitive dissonance, rational choice theory) and applying them to the ancient world. Questions of this sort are valid and the responses complex, but we have in Kirk's article a different sort of cross-cultural application of a model. By relying on a model of reciprocity developed in "primitive" cultures and applied to the Greco-Roman world, Kirk forces us to consider whether all ancient (or premodern) cultures are the same, or whether their differences require alterations in the models we use to understand them. The essay by Marshall Sahlins that forms the backbone of Kirk's model of reciprocity is entitled "On the Sociology of Primitive Exchange" and was published in a book entitled Stone Age Economics.3 The titles here are telling. Sahlins was studying "primitive" cultures, which he defined as those "lacking a political state," found most commonly in the form of hunter and gatherer tribes.4 In this sense, Sahlins cannot have imagined that his model of reciprocity would be abstract enough to apply to all cultural and social situations, least of all archaic, premodern, or modern contexts, that is, those with a state and central form of government such as existed in the Greco-Roman period that Kirk studies. The cultural and social presuppositions and context employed by Sahlins work directly against any attempt to apply the model unaltered across cultures. In "primitive" societies, Sahlins surmised that reciprocity could be understood as a linear plane at the ends of which sit two poles characterized by, respectively, selfless and selfish behavior. The basis of all premarket exchange, for Sahlins and other economic anthropologists, is the social relationship-"material flow underwrites or initiates social relations."5 All forms of exchange inaugurate a social relationship of some sort. For this reason, Sahlins differentiated his types of reciprocity based on an understanding of social distance (how far from the kinship center does an exchange occur?). Modeled as a series of concentric circles, a society based on kinship has the household and immediate family at the center. Just beyond, yet still closely related to the household, sits the village. Beyond the village sits the tribe, another level removed from the family, and beyond that the greater world in which intertribal exchanges would occur. Within this social structure, reciprocity is differentiated by two factors: whether imbalance in exchange can be tolerated, and how long one is willing to wait for reciprocation. When social distance changes, these two factors change accordingly. Sahlins thus founded his three types of reciprocity-generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity-on the combination of social distance and the allowable time line of reciprocation. Though these types of reciprocity are well known today, a brief look at them helps to clarify their cultural limitations. Sahlins's generalized reciprocity includes a broad range of exchanges, but they are for the most part united by the degree of intimacy between giver and receiver and by the relative degree of selflessness and compassion that characterizes the giving: the pure gift (such as a mother's breast-feeding), the free gift (such as hospitality), and food sharing among kinsmen within the household and village. …


Summary

The effects of urethral dilatation have been investigated in girls with recurrent urinary infection. About 65 per cent of girls showed some improvement when this procedure was combined with long-term antibiotic therapy, provided that there was no serious vesico-ureteric reflux. However, the results were unpredictable, and in a controlled prospective trial the preliminary results of dilatation did not differ significantly from those obtained with cystoscopy alone. Nevertheless, improvement after dilatation did seem to be associated with a high urethral pressure profile, high bladder pressure, small bladder capacity and marked detrusor irritability; it is suggested that this "dysfunctional bladder syndrome" may be the cause of recurrent infections in these cases, and that improvement may be anticipated after urethral dilatation, which should be combined with anti-cholinergic drug therapy if day wetting is a co-existing problem.


Non-locality and contextuality are key features of quantum mechanics, which have been proven to play a crucial rôle as a fundamental resource for quantum information and computation [6, 7]. Abramsky and Brandenburger have developed a general and unified description of these phenomena using sheaf theory [1]. The sheaf theoretic framework provides a rigorous topological description of contextuality, which perfectly conveys the idea of contextuality as a fundamental discrepancy between local consistency and global inconsistency [3]. In this framework, empirical models, which contain all the information concerning the outcomes of an ideal experiment, are represented as presheafs over the set of available measurements. Then, contextuality corresponds to the impossibility of extending the local sections of the empirical model presheaf to global ones. In recent work, this topological viewpoint has been further developed by taking advantage of sheaf cohomology, a widely used theory in algebraic topology, suited to study extendability of local features to global ones [2, 3]. Although this method has been proved to detect contextuality in a variety of well-studied empirical models, it does not constitute a complete invariant, as testified by a significant amount of false positives. Despite the appearance of other studies on the cohomological structure of contextuality [5, 8, 9], this issue has never been solved. In this paper, we present a complete cohomology invariant which is applicable to the vast majority of empirical models. There are strong indications that the invariant is in fact universal.


Tungsten sulfide (WS2) and tungsten carbide (W2C) are materialized as the auspicious candidates for various electrochemical applications, owing to their plentiful active edge sites and better conductivity. In this work, the integration of W2C and WS2 was performed by using a simple chemical reaction to form W2C/WS2 hybrid as a proficient electrode for hydrogen evolution and supercapacitors. For the first time, a W2C/WS2 hybrid was engaged as a supercapacitor electrode and explored an incredible specific capacitance of ~1018 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with the outstanding robustness. Furthermore, the constructed symmetric supercapacitor using W2C/WS2 possessed an energy density of 45.5 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 kW kg−1 power density. For hydrogen evolution, the W2C/WS2 hybrid produced the low overpotentials of 133 and 105 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with the small Tafel slopes of 70 and 84 mV dec−1 in acidic and alkaline media, respectively, proving their outstanding interfaced electrocatalytic characteristics. The engineered W2C/WS2-based electrode offered the high-performance for electrochemical energy applications.


Objective To observe the clin ic al effects of shenfu liquid treating infant asthma and to explore new therapy me ans of infant asthma.Methods 101 cases who coincided with the i nfant criteria formulated by nation preventing child's asthma association in 200 3 were divided into the macro-dosage shenfu liquid group(A group,3ml·kg -1 ·d -1 ,ivgtt.),the micro-dosage shenfu liquid group(B group,1ml·kg -1 ·d -1 ) and the dexamethasone group(C group,0.15mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ).The course was 5 days.We investigated their effects after medication. Results The asthma remission time of A group was (23.5±5.6)h.A g roup's abolition time of wheezing sound was (4.3±1.2)d.The changes of pre- and post-therapy's PaO2,PaCO2 and pH were better than B group's(P 0.01) and also the asthma relapse frequency.The effect of A group in acute period was as good as C group(P0.05).Conclusions The effect of macro-dosage Shenfu liquid treating infant asthma is obvious. The macro-dosage shenfu liquid can restrict bronchial spasm in acute period and prevent asthma attack.It has no obvious side-effect,so it has the value of cli nical extension.


During a project sponsored by the Canada-Ontario Flood Damage Reduction Program, an Expert System (ESY-WC) has been developed for selection of flood forecasting methods. This system interacts with the user to identify the characteristics of the forecasting situation and assign it a Watershed Category (WC). It then matches the watershed category with the attributes of available operational forcasting procedures. Employing weights input by the user, the candidate procedures are assigned a weighted rank and a recommended approach is presented. On-line documentation of over 30 specific forecasting models and methods is also included. Expert system technology was selected for the implementation of the method since it simplifies the use of over 20 tables of selection criteria contained in the original method. A micro-computer based expert system development package known as VP-Expert was used to create ESY-WC. This paper describes the expert system, its basis and its use.


Andrew Gamble, The Free Economy and the Strong State: The Politics of Thatcherism. Macmillan Education, Basingstoke, 1988, pp.263 + xii, $21.95 (paper). Stuart Hall, The Hard Road to Renewal: Thatcherism and the Crisis of the Left. Verso, London, 1988, pp.283 + vii, $29.95 (paper). Martin Harrop and Andrew Shaw, Can Labour Win? The Fabian Series, Unwin Hyman, London, 1989, pp.143 + x, $16.95 (paper). Peter Jenkins, Mrs Thatcher's Revolution: The Ending of the Socialist Era. Pan Books, London, 1988, pp.417 + xxxviii, $14.99 (paper). Bob Jessop, Kevin Bonnett, Simon Bromley and Tom Ling, Thatcherism: A Tale of Two Nations. Polity Press in association with Basil Blackwell, Cambridge, 1988, pp.219 + viii, $25.95 (paper). Dennis Kavanagh and Peter Morris, Consensus Politics from Attlee to Thatcher, Making Contemporary Britain. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1989, pp.137 + xvii, $23.95 (paper). Dennis Kavanagh and Anthony Seldon (eds.), The Thatcher Effect. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.355 + xvii, $23.95...


We present a modification of the interferometric method for the measurement of the refractive index of the optical sample. The spectral low coherence interferometry technique utilizes an almost all-fiber Michelson interferometer with an air-path variable optical delay line. The length of the air-path variable optical delay line can be easily adapted to the various thickness and refractive indexes of investigated optical samples that is of particular importance for specialty optical sample characterisation. We record a series of spectral interferograms to measure the equalisation wavelength as a function of the path length difference. A second order polynomial fit is applied to the measured data. Comparing the fitting dependencies obtained for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and reference fiber we get the spectral dependence of refractive index of PDMS. The described method can be practical tool for laboratories with the need of inexpensive and easily built set-up for measurement of refractive index of specialty optical samples in a broad spectral range.


Guilt and punishment is a permanent theme,which we can trace back to the legend of original sin.Different people have different attitudes towards it :Some people may confess their sin bravely and accept punishment in a public way,while others may conceal their sin but accept punishment in a secret way.Every community has its rules and every person has his own moral laws.These two sides decide people's different attitudes towards guilt and punishment,and people's different attitudes have different outcome.


Human pituitary tumor tissue has been used to derive a cell line from which a subline (18–54SF) has been continuously propagated for over 50 passages in serum-free medium without supplements. These cells grow with a generation time of 30–40 h in serum-free medium and excrete two functional products, a growth factor and PRL, into the conditioned medium. We have also found that the growth of 18–54SF cells may be inhibited by specific additions of steroidal and nonsteroidal compounds. The steroids progesterone, 17β-estradiol, and estrone inhibit 18–54,SF cell growth approximately 75% at concentrations of 3.2 × 10-6, 1.8 × 10-6, and 3 × 10-6M, respectively. Other progestin metabolites do not have any effect on growth at concentrations up to 1.7 × 10-5M. The nonsteroidal progestin analogs 17α-hydroxy-6α-methyl-A4-pregnen-3,20-dione, norethynodrel (17α-ethynyl-17beta;-hydroxy-5(10)-estren-3-one) and norethindrone (17-hydroxy-19-nor-17α-pregn-4-en-20yn-3-one) inhibited cell growth as well as or better than proge...


The production and evaluation of improved yam flour (elubo) by incorporating vanilla and
strawberry flavours was investigated. Yam tubers were peeled, washed, sliced, parboiled at
50°C for 2hours, dried and milled into flour. Vanilla, strawberry and a mixture of both were
added to the yam flour in the ratio 100:0% , 100:0.05%, 100:0.1% , 100:0.2%, 100:0.03%. The
flour samples were analysed for their proximate composition and non flavoured yam flour was
used as control. Also the flour samples were made into amala paste and sensorially analysis
was carried out. The moisture content of the samples range from 8.80 to 8.81%, Carbohydrate
from 82.28 to 82.29%, Fibre from 1.25 to 1.27% ,Ash from 1.61 to 1.63% , Fat from 0.98 to
1.07% and Protein 5.11 to 5.12 (and there was no significant difference in the proximate
composition of all the samples when compared with the control). Based on the sensory analysis
there were no significant difference in the taste, mouldability and appearance of the amala
paste but a significant difference was observed in the aroma. All the flavoured yam paste were
accepted by consumers. In conclusion, this conclusion shows that the flavours had no influence
on the proximate composition of the yam flour, improve the aroma of the amala paste and their
acceptability by consumers.


The article concerns first pre-wedding orthodox traditions of forming Russian old believers' families in Predbaikallye. The author introduces unique notes and works by ethnographers and scientists giving the retrospective analysis of wedding relations. In the article one can find out why it wasnt impossible to divorce while being married. The results of researches are given both at the international and regional conferences, Russian competitions of pedagogical programs in the field of education and culture. The article is intended for philologists, ethnographers, specialists of folklore.


The wounds inflicted by Homer's warriors fascinate readers, since they are vividly described and often curious or even grotesque. Commentators have struggled to explain some of them since commentaries began: some of the explanations are more curious than the wounds. Not surprisingly, the commentaries have not usually been graced by a high standard of anatomical or, especially, physiological background knowledge, and are often misleading in these respects. When such knowledge is applied, some wounds which have appeared problematic become realistic, but some which have been accepted as straightforward become problematic.


Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide has been used as the mobile phase in chromato-graphic investigations of higher paraffins on molecular sieve 5A at temperatures from 40 to 200°C and pressures up to 20 MPa. The pressure and temperature dependence of retention data of paraffins up to eicosane found experimentally are discussed and compared with results of model calculations. Furthermore, some physicochemical applications of the high pressure retention data seem to be possible. A pressure-programmed group separation process permitting analytical and preparative scale separations of n- and isoparaffin mixtures is outlined.


ABSTRACT We prove that assosymmetric algebras under the Jordan product are Lie triple algebras. A Lie triple algebra is called special if it is isomorphic to a subalgebra of the plus-algebra of some assosymmetric algebra. We establish that the Glennie identity of degree 8 is valid for special Lie triple algebras, but not for all Lie triple algebras.


This work describes the presence of pedagogic prob - lems in the records of the debates held by the viennese psychoanalysts during the first two deca...


A diagnostic system was developed to cope with aged piping in a building. Working space and time is limited in a building, so X-rays were selected as the medium of inspection, and film was chosen as a detector. The method of calculating the thickness from the density of the film was studied, and a method to compare piping to be inspected with standard pipe and to determine thickness using an approximate curve was developed. The system was used for several hundred measurements. Error was found to be less than 10%.


A model of an integrated metropolitan land market with respect to office location is provided. The model combines aspects of production theory and utility theory in outlining the locational choices of the office-using sector. The mixed basis of the model arises from the possibility of factor intensity reversals in the office sector which allow locational choices. Empirical tests of some of the propositions of the model yield the supporting result of a city-size effect in the linkages between downdown and suburban office-location markets.


To the Editor:— Much has been written about the renal mass with or without gross or microscopic hematuria. In an interesting addition, "Renal Mass Associated with Polycythemia" ( 207 :1339, 1969), Dr. Richard C. Pfister is quoted: "There have been no reported cases of tumor seeding along the aspiration tract." Perhaps the following case history can raise a point or two of caution. Report of a Case:— A 51-year-old white man was seen for the first time in November 1968 with gross painless hematuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed the blood to be coming from the left portion of the upper urinary tract. Intravenous pyelography and nephrotomography both confirmed a space-occupying lesion of the upper pole of the left kidney, thought to be most probably a benign cystic lesion. An attempt at percutaneous cyst puncture was done under image intensification. A No. 18 long spinal needle was used and, to the best of


*Mr. Schepard is an associate professor at Hofstra University School of Law. He received his J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1972. He is also Of Counsel to William S. Beslow, Esq., in New York City. Author's Note: This article is a revised and greatly expanded version of an article authored by Paul Nassar, M.D., Bernard Rothman, Esq., and myself and published in the November 1988 issue of the New York State Bar Journal. I thank Paul and Bernie for their many contributions to my thinking on the subject. I also thank Paul, a psychiatrist, for helping me construct the case studies of AIDS and divorce around which this article is focused. A number of friends and colleagues made valuable comments, including Barbara Woodhouse, John Regan, Monroe Friedman, Linda Silberman, Sherry Deren, and Janet Dolgin. Research assistants Terry Toto and Debra Gold also deserve thanks. Copyright ? 1989 Andrew Sche pard. All rights reserved.


Objective: Thalassemia major, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, represents a significant healthcare concern worldwide. The hallmark of this condition is the deficiency in hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in chronic anemia and necessitating regular blood transfusions. This study endeavors to delve into the realm of pediatric patients afflicted by thalassemia major, with a particular focus on investigating potential vitamin and mineral deficiencies. By exploring these deficiencies, we aim to contribute to the broader understanding of the physiological implications of thalassemia major on growing individuals, shedding light on aspects that could impact their overall health and well-being.
Material Methods: The current study constitutes a retrospective analysis of a meticulously curated dataset comprising 112 pediatric patients diagnosed with thalassemia major. The patients were drawn from diverse backgrounds and were subjected to rigorous assessment and evaluation. Comprehensive medical records, encompassing demographic information, clinical history, and laboratory findings, were meticulously reviewed.
Results: The patients had a mean age of 8.14±12 years; among them, 59 (52.7%) were girls. The median hemoglobin and ferritin levels were 8.5 g/dL (range 6.5-10.6) and 2497 ml/ng (range 170-7417), respectively. The frequency of erythrocyte suspension (ES) transfusion in the patients was 1:2.7 weeks. The mean serum levels were 423.7 pg/mL (range 166-755) for vitamin B12, 6.6 ng/mL (range 1.55-16.4) for folic acid, 79.4 mg/dL (range 51-167) for zinc, and 111.07 mg/dL (range 67-190) for copper. Among the patients, 7 (6.25%) had a vitamin B12 deficiency, 35 (31.25%) had a folic acid deficiency, 27 (24.1%) had a zinc deficiency, and 10 (8.9%) had a copper deficiency.
Conclusion: The exploration into pediatric thalassemia major unveils a landscape where folic acid and zinc deficiencies play a significant role. The detected prominence of these deficiencies prompts a call for focused interventions to address the potential health implications. Amid the intricate fabric of thalassemia major, the spotlight on folic acid and zinc deficiencies highlights an avenue for proactive healthcare strategies. By targeting these deficiencies, we hold the potential to improve the well-being and future prospects of young patients grappling with thalassemia major.


Energy methods are of a great interest to solve acoustic radiation problems at high frequency range. One of these methods called 'radiosity method' has been applied in room acoustics' to the calculation of reverberation times : it is based on the equation of the radiative energy transfer and deals with local energy quantities. But, only geometrical optical rays are taken into account in the 'radiosity method', and consequently diffraction phenomena are neglected. However, these phenomena lead to a redistribution of the incident energy that should be taken into account to well describe the repartition of sound pressure. In this context, this paper aims to include diffraction phenomena into the radiosity method. A software called CeReS specially appropriate for this method was improved for the task and was used for calculations. An example of acoustical diffraction around corners is considered to assess the method, and results are compared to the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) and to results given by the Boundary Element Method using the software Sysnoise .


Based on the analysis of the distribution of the ethnic minorities in Yunnan and their educational quality, the paper proposes that to improve their educational quality should be one of the important parts in vitalizing China through science and technology. Accordingly, it is emphasized that importance should be attached to developing the human resources so as to accelerate the educational development, which is the urgent and fundamental task in vitalizing Yunnan.


The incorporation of periodic boundary conditions into the FDTD method has been extensively studied for over a decade. For a two-dimensional structure that is periodic in the y direction, the electromagnetic field is the same in every unit cell of the structure except for a time shift. For a marching-in-time procedure, such as the FDTD method, this kind of boundary condition can present a problem, because it may require time-advanced values of the field that have not yet been computed. We present a straightforward method to eliminate the need for the time-advanced field. The technique is conceptually similar to the sliding unit-cell approach presented by H. Holter and H. Steyskal (see Electronics Letters, vol.35, no.10, p.758-9, 1999), but unlike that approach, is not restricted to a finite number of angles.


The objective of this research was to develop a novel active device for laminar mixing. The mixing device developed herein capitalized on Nafion ionic polymers, which are a class of active materials that are thin, flexible, inexpensive, and readily deployable in an aqueous medium and offer strains up to 5% under a small (<2V) applied voltage. The effect of these deflections on an incident laminar flow is the mixing mechanism explored in this effort. To the author's knowledge, this high-risk effort presented herein is the first attempt to exploit ionic polymers as an active mixing device. Several different configurations of ionic polymers were tested and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) measurements were obtained. Resulting analysis using a quantitative mixing metric shows that the polymer creates differences in the flow under some of the configurations. Namely, in some actuation cases, a clear increase in mixing potential is observed in the near-polymer regions. Compared to a simple channel increases in mixing potential that ranged from 150% to over 300% were measured. Although these differences are present, they do not appear consistently in the results. However, only a partial set of flow information was obtained from DPIV, and an improved understanding of the effect of these polymers could be developed from additional experiments. Using ionic polymers for laminar mixing could foster the development of a new generation of efficient micromixing devices, which will improve the capabilities and effectiveness of numerous microfluidic technologies that range across biomedical, lab-on-a-chip, separation and sorting technologies and many more.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


In the current oil and gas industry, the horizontal well as a new technique is an inevitable choice for oilfield development, in order to achieve the goal of "less well and high yield", enhance oil recovery and reduce production area. Currently the main techniques used for horizontal well positioning and orientation includes measurement while drilling (MWD) and logging while drilling (LWD), which provide geometric parameters such as inclination, azimuth, toolface, and geological parameters like gamma ray, resistivity, neutron porosity, lithology density and sonic velocity, and so on (Liu S K, 2008). Due to the limitation of the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA), the measuring points are often far away from the bit by more than 1520 meters (Bybee K, 2000). Therefore with large hysteresis it is difficult to provide high precision positioning information timely for a variety of reservoirs, especially thin and ultra-thin layers (less than 1 m), causing the bit to be lost from the reservoir under condition of "blind drilling" and resulting in a low probability of penetration. An at-bit imaging while drilling geosteering tool was developed to meet the urgent needs of the oil and gas industry. The tool is assembled in front of the bit to improve the orientation accuracy.


In this paper we investigate a bottleneck model in which the capacity of the bottleneck is assumed stochastic and follows a uniform distribution. The commuters' departure time choice is assumed to follow the user equilibrium principle according to mean trip cost. The analytical solution of the proposed model is derived. Both the analytical and numerical results show that the capacity variability would indeed change the commuters' travel behavior by increasing the mean trip cost and lengthening the peak period. We then design congestion pricing schemes within the framework of the new stochastic bottleneck model, for both a time-varying toll and a single-step coarse toll, and prove that the proposed piecewise time-varying toll can effectively cut down, and even eliminate, the queues behind the bottleneck. We also find that the single-step coarse toll could either advance or postpone the earliest departure time. Furthermore, the numerical results show that the proposed pricing schemes can indeed improve the efficiency of the stochastic bottleneck through decreasing the system's total travel cost.


Spelling is a basic literacy skill in any language as it is crucial in communication. EFLstudents are often unable to spell or pronounce very simple monosyllabic words even after several years of English instruction. Similarly, teachers and researchers usually focus on the larger skills such as speaking and reading and ignore the smaller components. This study attempted to investigate the problems that university Arab learners face in spelling English vowels. The reason for focusing on vowels is that they appear to be more problematic and irregular than consonants, probably because of the perceptible mismatch between phonemes and graphemes. The study has primarily focused on monosyllabic words in order to (a) test the students' knowledge in spelling these basic words and (b) to avoid the impact of other factors, such as stress and intonation which affect the pronunciation of vowel sounds in multi-syllable words. Data were collected through a battery of tests. The study has important implications for future research and for teaching.


Abstract : This report describes results of the ground and flight tests conducted on the Command Instrument Processor (CIP), CP-2036/A, version 14631-7. The CIP is the digital, GPS capable, flight director developed for the Black Hawk helicopter. This flight director is a form fit replacement for the non-GPS Command Instrument System Processor (CISP). The upgrade from the 14631-5 to the 14631-7 configuration was implemented to correct six deficiencies that were identified during data collection at Fort Rucker, AL. The 'fixes' required two hardware changes and four software modifications. The specific tests that were performed to verify each deficiency are described in the AVRADA Test Plan (Appendix B). An unexpected anomaly (not a deficiency) was detected during this test program while performing an unusual flight maneuver, and is described in this report in order to preclude its subsequent discovery as another problem with the CIP. GPS; Navigation; Flight Director; Integration; CISP; CIP; CIS.


Service chaining is one of the challenges in network function virtualization (NFV), where a sequence of middleboxes apply their service to particular traffic. The challenge of service chaining is that a middlebox may alter the content of packet headers; thus, the context of service chaining for particular traffic gets lost. This paper proposes Segmented Proactive Flow Rule Injection (SPFRI) using Software Defined Networking (SDN). SPFRI maintains the consistency of service chain even though one or more middleboxes may alter the packets at both outbound and inbound directions of a flow. The network configuration of middleboxes must be appropriately set to make them perform in the service chain. The significant benefits of the proposed SPFRI are as fallows: 1) no requirement of modifying to the middlebox operating system or software, 2) longer and more chains and 3) friendliness to non-SDN switches. This paper details the segmentation of the service chain and calculates the required number of flow rules. We also discuss the performance of SPFRI and a realistic approach to practical implementation.


The growing emphasis on affordability for space transportation systems requires the assessment of new space vehicles for all life cycle activities, from design and development, through manufacturing and operations. This paper addresses the operational assessment of launch vehicles, focusing on modeling the ground support requirements of a vehicle architecture, and estimating the resulting costs and flight rate. This paper proposes the use of Activity Based Costing (ABC) modeling for this assessment. The model uses expert knowledge to determine the activities, the activity times and the activity costs based on vehicle design characteristics. The approach provides several advantages to current approaches to vehicle architecture assessment including easier validation and allowing vehicle designers to understand the cost and cycle time drivers.


Malta enjoys favourable weather conditions that e ncourage the use of solar water heating systems, but their market penetration has so far re mained low. In an effort to identify the reasons b ehind this lack of impetus, the Institute for Energy Tech nology has devised a number of study programmes. Th i paper deals with one of those studies, namely the t echnical aspects of installed domestic solar heatin g systems. Results showed that there are a number of issues that are contributing towards lower solar wa ter heating systems performance. Most of these shortco mings can be easily overcome, but it is clear that there is a need for proper training programmes for installers as well as better diffusion of informati on on the proper utilisation of this technology.


There has been a shift in attitudes towards clinical learning as part of the student learning experience at universities. Some modern Universities in the United Kingdom now integrate practical based learning in their law degree programmes. Kingston University London offers credits to its students as part of their law degree for participating in its law clinic. The view the University of East London (UEL) adopts in preparing students for the world beyond the university is that "Students do not deserve to be handed a flat-pack degree without any extras – they deserve a fully rounded education and that is what they will get if they come [to UEL]." UEL's Law Clinic is a central vehicle to achieving this aim. This practice-based paper looks at the development of our Law Clinic, which is a live client clinic, how it works in practice and includes a breakdown of statistics in demographics and advice areas. We present a selection of cases as well as extracts from students and clients' testimonials. Drawing on the benefits from our clients and experience of our students, this paper concludes that the experience gained from working in the Law Clinic should be integrated into the academic content of the law school. We suggest that live clinics increase the quality and experience of our students' learning.


We analyzed the basic hazard characteristics for isoprene in the manufacturing process by evaluating the runaway reaction, kinetic parameters and safety parameters in this study. Experiments were carried out by calculating the thermal decomposition reactions for isoprene and mixed with aluminum oxide in non-isothermal conditions by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Afterwards results indicated that isoprene had a conjugated double bond of unstable structure, and therefore it was prone to produce exothermic reaction during the process of polymerization. Aluminum oxide was applied to mix with isoprene, which could increase the heat release rate. Based on the results, safety information should be provided to government and relevant industries for prevention the accident occur in relevant plants. © 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Beijing Institute of Technology.