37 When this interoperability goal was realized in 1996 with the issuance of the CORBA 2.0 (Common Object Request Broker Architecture 2.0) specification [2, 6], two notable things happened: First, the infrastructure oriented OMG members who had been concentrating on CORBA and the basic services were suddenly free to expand their horizons to include extended features; as a result, the basic CORBA object model is being extended to include multiple interfaces per object, objects passable by value, a beans-like component model, and support for real-time, fault-tolerant, and embedded CORBA [3]. A second result was that companies and organizations working in vertical markets (or, as OMG refers to them, Domains) started to use the OMG Interface Definition Language (IDL) to specify standard objects that all could share. This led OMG to expand its scope through a major reorganization in early 1996, creating its Domain Technology Committee that has grown to include subgroups in Finance/Insurance, with this expansion was the formation of OMG's Analysis and Design Task Force, which adopts specifications supporting software analysis and design. The result, shown in Figure 1, is an extensive suite of OMG specifications with enormous appeal to the enterprise that is now able to field the large-scale applications they need within a single coherent architecture that extends from design to run time. Even though the upper layers of this architecture are only starting to emerge, the basic infrastructure is well-tested and has already produced many stories of CORBA success in mission-critical enterprise applications [4]. An general overview of the OMG architecture is provided in the sidebar " Architectural Overview, " which gives an idea of its scope. We survey and introduce each of the areas listed in the sidebar here and provide references to additional information. Other articles in this section will build on this material in many of the areas. All OMG specifications are W hen the Object Management Group (OMG) was formed in 1989, interoperability was its founders' primary, and almost their sole, objective: A vision of software components working smoothly together, without regard to details of any component's location, platform, operating system, programming language, or network hardware and software.


Probabilistic XML is a probabilistic model for uncertain tree-structured data, with applications to data integration, information extraction, or uncertain version control. We explore in this dissertation efficient algorithms for evaluating tree-pattern queries with joins over probabilistic XML or, more specifically, for approximating the probability of each item of a query result. The approach relies on, first, extracting the query lineage over the probabilistic XML document, and, second, looking for an optimal strategy to approximate the probability of the propositional lineage formula. ProApproX is the probabilistic query manager for probabilistic XML presented in this thesis. The system allows users to query uncertain tree-structured data in the form of probabilistic XML documents. It integrates a query engine that searches for an optimal strategy to evaluate the probability of the query lineage. ProApproX relies on a query-optimizer--like approach: exploring different evaluation plans for different parts of the formula and predicting the cost of each plan, using a cost model for the various evaluation algorithms. We demonstrate the efficiency of this approach on datasets used in a number of most popular previous probabilistic XML querying works, as well as on synthetic data. An early version of the system was demonstrated at the ACM SIGMOD 2011 conference. First steps towards the new query solution were discussed in an EDBT/ICDT PhD Workshop paper (2011). A fully redesigned version that implements the techniques and studies shared in the present thesis, is published as a demonstration at CIKM 2012. Our contributions are also part of an IEEE ICDE


The phenotypes and receptors of the intraepithelial lymphocytes which are a major component of the mucosal immune system are of considerable interest. Intraepithelial lymphocytes, especially those of the intestines, are well documented. The nasal intraepithelial lymphocytes probably play a key role in the immune defense of the entire respiratory tract. However, documentation of these lymphocytes is limited to only a few nondescriptive studies by immunohistological methods. In our previous paper, we examined the subsets of the nasal intraepithelial lymphocytes by two‐color flow cytometry after culture with monoclonal antibody against CD3 and PMA. The mucosal immune system, which comprises the lymphoid tissue associated with the mucosal surface, consists of lymphocyte populations from both the epithelium and the lamina propria. In this paper (a sequel to our previous study), we have carried out a comparative study of the intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes of the human nasal mucosa.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The accuracy of clinical diagnoses of skin diseases has not been researched in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVES: Assess concordance between the histopathological and clinical diagnosis in skin diseases. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Academic tertiary care center. METHODS: Demographic, clinical and pathological data were collected from the medical record for the period 1997-2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concordance between the pathological and clinical diagnosis. SAMPLE SIZE: 4268 cases. RESULTS: Of 4268 biopsies, 2440 (58.1%) were females. The mean age (SD) of patients was 36.9 (17.8) years. The three most common locations from which skin biopsies were retrieved in descending order were the lower extremity (1123; 29.1%), head, neck, scalp and hair (1033; 26.7%) and trunk (853; 22.1%). Overall concordance was 75.9% (partial concordance 47.6%, full concordance 28.3%). Biopsies from the oral mucosa and lips had the lowest concordance (overall 58.5%, full 26.4%) at P=.004. Overall concordance was highest for the following three diagnoses: malignant neoplasms, 88%; vesiculobullous diseases 87%; urticarias, erythemas, and purpuras 87%. CONCLUSION: There is considerable variability in concordance among different histopathological diagnoses. The full concordance between the clinical diagnosis and the pathological diagnosis is low. This is a reflection of the fact that the biopsies were obtained only in cases where the clinical diagnosis was a dilemma. LIMITATIONS: Single center, retrospective, incomplete medical records, low percentage of biopsies were assessed by dermatopathologists. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.


Green plants (fennel, parsley, salad, spinach, celery etc.) play the unique role in maintenance of a vitality of a human body. One of the reasons of low consumption of green plants by the population of Krasnoyarsk Region during winter period is their high cost. One kilogram of fennel or other green plants costs in the shop 350 rubles and more. This price in many respects depends on the price of seeds. The purpose of scientific work was the re-search of influence of presowing treatment regimes of superhigh-frequency (UHF) fennel seeds and parsley in their laboratory viability to decrease in norm of seeds seeding. The temperature of heating of seeds depends on humidity of seeds, the intensi-ty of field in material and exposition. It is the major factor making the stimulating impact on seeds. The technique of active planning of two-factorial exper-iment according to the plan of Kohn is the basis for the researches. As a result of carrying out laborato-ry tests on the research of influence of the modes of preseeding processing of seeds of green cul-tures with UHF energy on their viability in vitro re-vealed the modes which promote the best germina-tion of seeds. The seeds of fennel and parsley ac-quired in retail trade have viability about 8 %. It was established that at the influence of UHF energy with a specific power of 100 Watts per 1 cubic decimeter during 90 with or respectively 450 Watts per 1 cubic decimeter within 30 seconds it was possible to achieve the increase in viability up to 25 %, thereby to reduce three times the norm of seeds seeding.


We have carried out a set of experiments using anhydrous carbonaceous particles to determine the effect on the electrorheological properties of blending particles of different conductivities. We find that there is a significant dip in the shear stress under an electric field as the concentration of higher conductivity particles is increased, showing that uniformity of the electrical properties among the particles is a most important factor in achieving optimum electrorheological fluid (ERF) performance. We explain this behavior by a simple model based on the strength of particle–particle interactions. Measurements of the dielectric permittivity show that the α parameter of the Cole–Cole expression provides an excellent way to express the degree of uniformity in the electrical properties. This gives a convenient method to evaluate the potential performance of an ERF.


The article examines the main factors influencing the pricing in the petroleum industry; the importance of effective forecasting for oil-producing countries is shown. In order to conduct an econometric research of the time series of oil prices calculated on the basis of the basket of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the periodic dependence of the considered data by years with the help of the autocorrelation function showing the dependence of the current year oil price from previous years prices is defined. The analytical function usage enabled to model the dynamics of the studied time series. Proceeding from the results obtained, it is concluded that short periods are required to be applied for providing a more reliable forecast by means of constructing an autoregressive-moving-average model (ARMA-model). The reliability of the model is checked by comparing the available data obtained on the basis of these observations allowing establishing the adequacy of the use of the ARMA-model (1.1) for economic forecasting. The results of the obtained forecast for 2015-2019 years denote recovery trends on the world oil market and the gradual return of hydrocarbon prices to the level of 2011-2013 years.


In order to understand the structure of aluminum phosphates, prepared by the sol-gel method, $^{27}Al$ and $^{31}P$ MAS NMR spectroscopy has been employed. The evolution of structure during the gel-glass-crystal transformation has been followed as a function of both temperature and compostion. Aluminum is octahedrally coordinated in the xerogel and on heating it is partially converted into tetrahedrally coordinated Al in the gel glass. Phosphorous is present in metaphosphate units. The structure of crystalline $AlPO_4$ is shown to consist of an ordered covalent network involving $[PO_{4/2}]^+$ and $[AlO_{4/2}]^−$ units.


The specimen was one about which but very little could be said, as it was to be regarded more as an accident or a curiosity than anything else. The kidney was obtained from the body of a man who had been admitted to the surgical wards of the Western Infirmary, suffering from fracture of the skull, and who died shortly after his admission, so that no history throwing any light upon the condition at present under consideration was obtained. The organs generally presented healthy characters; but upon proceeding to make a section through the right kidney, a large quantity of pure yellow pus made its


Objective To study the clinical effect of amisulpride in theatment patients with schizophrenia. Methods Forty schizophrenic patients were treated with amisulpride for 10 weeks,with the beginning dosage of 400mg/d for amisulpride in positive group and 100~300mg/d for amisulpride in negative group.The efficacy was assessed with PANSS.Results The total score and factor scores of PANSS significantly decreased after treatment. The recovery rate was 5.1%,the excellent effective rate was 69.2%,and the effective rate was 25.6%.Conclusion Amisulpride is effective on both positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia,especially on negative sympotoms in lower dosage.


This study explored the challenges of conducting qualitative research encountered by Iranian Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) graduate students and their solutions for them. To delve into the issue, 20 TEFL graduate students who had passed a research methodology course were selected based on their availability from among the participants of the study who were selected based on purposive sampling from various universities. The participants thus selected sat a semi-structured interview based on the results of which, a researcher-made five-point Likert-scale questionnaire was developed and validated. Next, one hundred TEFL graduate students who had passed the research methodology course were selected based on purposive sampling from different universities across the country to respond to the questionnaire developed as mentioned above. The results of descriptive statistics revealed that the most important aspect of qualitative research from the students' viewpoint was data analysis; likewise, the most challenging part was data analysis. Moreover, the participants described how educational systems' overemphasis on quantitative research frameworks left little space or time for learning sophisticated qualitative research approaches. Finally, the majority of the participants deemed the introduction and presentation of an independent course on qualitative research methodology in the M.A. and Ph.D. programs in TEFL highly necessary.


Total body water was measured using tritium in 30 males and 30 females. It was found that total body water could be predicted from height and weight, and formulae for both males and females have been produced with multiple correlation coefficients (r) of 0·95 and 0·96 respectively. The predicted total body water was found to be very closely related to the predicted surface area giving correlation coefficients (r) for males and females of 0·997 and 0·985 respectively.


Surface plasmon (SP) mediated near band-edge emission in Ag/ZnO nanorods has been systematically studied by using a temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra technique. It was found that the mediation mainly concerns SP couplings with two emissions, one from neutral donor-bound exciton D0X recombination and another from the radiative transition of free electron to neutral acceptor (e, A0). The first coupling process is demonstrated to prevail in the temperature range from 300 to 150 K, while the second is dominant below 150 K. The competition mechanism and the role of exciton and carrier delocalizations in the coupling processes have been explored in the unique Ag/ZnO nanostructures.


Recent publications have reported a consistent superiority of the left side of the body for sensation of pressure (Ghenr, 19G1; Semmes, Weinsrein, Ghenr, & Teuber, 1960; Weinstein, in press; Weinsrein & Sersen, 1961) or electrical stimuli (Green, Reese, Peques, & Elliott, 1961) in dextrals. Also reported to influence sensitiviry, at least for two-point discrimination, is the degree of distalir~ from the trunk, and, concomitantly, the relative motility of the part (Vierordr, 1870; Weber, 1900). Two-point discrimination thresholds were reported to diminish continuously from upper arm to the distal phalanges. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a proximal-distal relationship exists with reyard to cutaneous pressure sensitivity of the phalanges, and whether the right-left d~fferences previously reported for palms, forearms, upper arms, soles, and breasts n-ould also be obtained in the fingers. METHOD Two Ss, one male (C. S.) and one female (J. S.), both 16 yr. of age and righthanded, served alternately as E and S. A pressure aesthesiometer was used, in a modified method of limits procedure,J with one ascending and descending trial for each threshold determination at each phalanx. The center of the volar surface of all phalanges of the four fingers of borh hands was tested daily in both Ss, for 24 consecutive week days. The orders of S and E, right versus left hands, fingers, and phalanges, were balanced. There were 24 thresholds obtained for each of the phalanges (labeled A, B, C, in order from most disral to most proximal), making a total of 576 thresholds for each S. The fingers were numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, from index to little finger, respectively.


Abstract. The case history and investigations of a 32‐year‐old man with pernicious anaemia and selective absence of IgA in serum and saliva are presented and discussed. On two occasions, the patient, who had not previously been exposed to foreign human serum, developed severe anaphylactic shock after blood transfusion of a few millilitres. A precipitating antibody to IgA was identified in his serum. It was of class‐specific type reacting not only with the donors' sera, but also with other normal sera. The patient had no apparent chromosome abnormality, and no close family members had similar IgA lack. Lymphocyte transformation in vitro with PHA was normal: no stimulation followed exposure to IgA. On fluorescent microscopy, very few IgA‐containing cells were seen in the gastric mucosa.


Vibration characteristics of stiffened laminated plates are investigated considering postbuckled deflection effect due to thermal load. The finite element method is used for the analysis of thermal postbuckling and natural vibration of stiffened plates in the postbuckling range. The finite element model is based on the first order shear deformable plate theory (FSDT) for a skin panel and Timoshenko beam theory for stiffeners. Von Karman strain-displacement relation is used to account for a large deflection. Critical buckling temperature and the corresponding mode shape are determined from Euler buckling problem. In order to solve the thermal-postbuckling problem, the initial nonlinear stiffness is determined from an estimated deflection of scaled buckling mode shape. The converged deflection at any temperature change is obtained using the Newton-Raphson method. The vibration analyses of stiffened laminated plates in the postbuckling range are performed using the tangent stiffness obtained from the converged deflection. The effects of the stiffener size, the number of stiffeners, and lamination scheme on vibration characteristics are studied for stiffened laminated plates subject to steady-state uniform temperature increase.


Purpose Major genetic factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have recently been identified as susceptibility risk factors, underlying the role of the complement pathway in AMD. Our purpose was to analyze the role of the R102G polymorphism of the complement component (C3) gene in a French population, in a case-control study. Methods A total of 1,080 patients with exudative AMD and 406 controls were recruited and genotyped for Y402H of complement factor H (CFH), rs10490924 of age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2), and R102G of the C3 gene. Results The distribution of the R102G genotypes was significantly different in the AMD patients compared to controls (p=0.02). The Odds Ratio compared to C/C individuals was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8) for C/G individuals and 1.4 (95% CI 0.8–2.4) for G/G individuals. In a dominant model, the adjusted Odds Ratio for carriers of the G allele is 1.4 (95% CI 1.0–1.9; p=0.03). Conclusions Our study shows C3 to be a moderate susceptibility gene for exudative AMD in the French population.


Distribution and accumulation characteristics of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the aerial and underground parts of 16 species of plants on ecological floating-bed were studied in the present study, and they showed significant differences. Most translocation factors for Cu, Zn, Hg, and Pb were smaller than 1. Coleus blumei had a considerable absorption and accumulation effect on Zn, Hg, and Pb; Hylotelephium erythrostictum had a good absorption and accumulation effect on Zn and Hg. Arundo donax var. versicolor, Lythrum salicaria, and Iris pseudacorus which had remarkable absolute accumulation in the aerial part due to their massive biomass, and were expected to have a promising prospect in applying floating-bed technology.


Using Taiwan listed and OTC companies as the sample, this paper studies how the
requirement to adopt eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) affects corporate
earnings management. Our findings show that mandatory XBRL adoption reduces earnings
management. Regarding the effect of corporate governance, the negative association between
mandatory XBRL adoption and earnings management becomes weaker if the major
stockholders' shareholding is higher, and becomes stronger if the institutional investor
shareholding is higher. The results support the Taiwan government's policy of requiring
companies to use XBRL to report financial information.

Key words: XBRL, earnings management, corporate governance


This paper studies the long‐run effects of monetary policy on innovation and pattern of production in a North–South product‐cycle model with foreign direct investment (FDI) and separate cash‐in‐advance (CIA) constraints on innovative and adaptive R&D. If innovative R&D is subject to the CIA constraint, then a decrease in the Northern nominal interest rate raises the rate of Northern innovation, the rate of FDI, and the North–South wage gap. Regarding the production pattern, the extent of Northern production decreases as the extent of FDI increases. If adaptive R&D is subject to the CIA constraint, then a decrease in the Southern nominal interest rate causes the same effects on the rates of innovation and FDI as well as the extents of Northern production and FDI as those in the case of a decrease in the Northern nominal interest rate. However, such a monetary policy change reduces the North–South wage gap. This study also analyzes the stability of the long‐run equilibrium and examines the responses of social welfare for Northern and Southern consumers to monetary policy.


In this article, the requirements of voltage rise rate for punched-through (PT) structure diode avalanche shaper (DAS) triggering and the current conditions for PT and non-punchthrough (NPT) structures' DAS triggering are given. The triggering mode of DAS is studied through experiment and simulation, and it is divided into four types: non-trigger; early trigger; half trigger; and full trigger. DAS has the fastest opening speed and the lowest residual voltage under full trigger mode; DAS is most susceptible to failure when operating in early trigger mode with the highest temperature rise. In the end, based on the current conditions proposed in this article, the criterion methods of four triggering modes are given and the differences in triggering conditions between the 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) DAS and Si DAS are compared with the help of it. The results show that 4H-SiC DAS is less likely to early trigger and has lower requirements for the rising rate of the trigger current.


Background: One of the most important causes of skin cancer is exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation Non-melanoma skin cancer is more prevalent than malignant melanoma skin cancer . One in three cases are diagnosed as skin cancer .One very important step in reducing its incidence is to educate all people about the harmful implications of exposure to sunlight and to raise awareness through education among people on how to better protect themselves against UV radiation.Sunburns and tanning promote damage which induce immunosuppression and skin cancer . Method: A representative sample of 236 of KAU's students living in varied area of Jeddah was selected randomly to filling electronic questionnaire. The sample will be 236 members, Data were collected by Co-Authors, The target population was the general population of adults residing in Jeddah, age 18 and over, Saudi citizen, willing to participate, and KAU students. NonKAU students and under 18 were excluded from the study. Result: Out of 236 participants who met the inclusion criteria , 203 (86%) were female and only 33 (14%) were male so the number of women participating has doubled the men, which means females had better cooperation , also Men and women appear to differ in how they respond to sun-safe practices .3 (1.3%) of participants had diagnosed with a skin cancer. And only 1(0.4%) had family history diagnosed with a skin cancer . According tanning less than half of participants 95 (40%) had practice tanning . 20% of the tanners reported using sun screen but details on the proper use or the specific levels of sun protective factor (SPF) is not known to ensure the significance of the finding Tanning Side effect , and 36.4% of them use sunglasses during the tanning. Burns are the most common complication by 45% ,followed by itching and redness . Overall, respondents had a sense that sun exposure is bad for their health .Most of the population correctly identified that the sun causes skin cancer and that it is more harmful for fair skin than for dark skin. Conclusion: Although our study sample possessed good knowledge towards sun tanning, their attitude and practices were satisfactory. Thereby, they need to be informed and educated as how to be safely protected against excessive sun exposure.


Wereadwith great interest the cohort studyof childrenwithepilepsy that was recently published by Zou et al. The authors recruited 320 paediatric epilepsy patients between October 2016 and December 2017 and performed genome sequencing on probands. They analysed genome sequencing data with comprehensive pedigree and clinical data and concluded that genome sequencing should be the first choice for genetic testing in epilepsy patients. We agree that the application of genome sequencing in children with epilepsy will lead to accurate interpretation of genetic testing and thus benefit therapeutic decision-making and precision medicine. However, there are severalmethodsand strategies to applyingnext-generation sequencing for clinical diagnostics, which vary in the type of sequencing regions and cost. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, trio-based genetic analysis of the proband and both biological parents is important in determining if a variant is inherited or if it is de novo and thus affects variant classification and identification. Hence, our group retrospectively reviewed and analysedpaediatric epilepsy patientswhounderwent diagnostic trio-based clinical genetic testing at Shenzhen Children's Hospital between September 2019 and June 2020. A total of 355 cases were included; 168 of the patients and their parents underwent wholeexome sequencing (WES), 48 patients and their parents underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS) and 139 patients underwent WGS while their parents underwentWES.We systematically reviewed detailed clinical records of patients in all groups.We evaluated the clinical characteristics that were associated with a positive genetic diagnosis and assessed the potential impact of the genetic diagnosis on management strategy. Zou's group performed genome sequencing on 320 Chinese childrenwith epilepsy anduncovered pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 117 of the 320 children (36.6%). A similar diagnostic rate was observed in our analysis, with 117 of the 355 patients (32.96%) showing causative results (79 with single nucleotide variations or insertion deletions, 32 with copy number variations and five with mitochondrialmutations; Fig. 1A).We identified 89 causative single nucleotide variations or insertion deletion variants in 79 patients (Supplementary Table 1). The variants were most frequently found in PRRT2 (10/88, 11.36%), which is associated with benign familial infantile epilepsy, followed by SCN1A (7/88, 7.95%), which is associated with Dravet syndrome and TSC2 (5/88, 5.68%), which is associated with tuberous sclerosis. Interestingly, five patients were identified with multilocus disease-causing genomic variations, which may lead to multiple genetic diagnoses (Fig. 1B and Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). All patients with two molecular diagnoses showed two pathogenic variants that cause autosomal dominant disease, and three of themshowed two de novomutations in autosomal dominant disease genes. A 6-month-old boy (Case GT110) had a de novo missense mutation in SYNGAP1 and a 16p11.2 recurrent microdeletion (524.61 Kb) inherited from his mother. Another 4-month-old boy (Case GT130) had a de novo missense mutation in PACS1 and a recurrent frameshift mutation in PRRT2 inherited from his father, who experienced seizures as a


When an electromagnetically-nonlinear radar target is illuminated by a high-power stepped-frequency probe, a sequence of harmonics is unintentionally emitted by that target. Detection of the target is accomplished by receiving stimulated emissions somewhere in the sequence, while ranging is accomplished by processing amplitude and phase recorded at multiple harmonics across the sequence. The strength of the harmonics reflected from an electronic target depends greatly upon the orientation of that target (or equivalently, the orientation of the radar antennas). Data collected on handheld wireless devices reveals the harmonic angular-dependence of commercially-available electronics. Data collected on nonlinearly-terminated printed circuit boards implies the origin of this dependency. The results of this work suggest that electronic targets may be classified and ultimately identified by their unique harmonic-response-vs.-angle patterns.


A dynamic speech recognition dictionary generating unit (73) Assignee: Panasonic Intellectual Property extracts, from phrases stored in a speech recognition dictio Management Co., Ltd., Osaka (JP) nary, phrases of which heads match a head of a character string inputted through a character String input unit and gen erates a dvnamic Speech recognition dictionarv that stores (21) Appl. No.: 14/618,214 irrin, E. a S. part of an Ricci phrase excluding a common phrase that is common among the (22) Filed: Feb. 10, 2015 extracted phrases. A speech recognition unit carries out rec ognition of a user utterance by using the dynamic speech (30) Foreign Application Priority Data recognition dictionary. An input character string confirming unit confirms an input character string candidate that includes Feb. 24, 2014 (JP) ................................. 2014-032688 a recognized difference phrase as an input character string.


The present invention is method for forming hydrophobic transparent film on the surface of different substrates, glass, ceramic, metal, paint, etc. fluorosilane and other components are painted to the surface of plastic or paint with hydroxyl radical containing oxide film form in advance or the surface of other kind of substrate directly. Under the action of catalyst, the ethoxy group connected to the Si atom in fluorosilane is hydrolyzed into hydroxyl radical in advance, and the hydrolyzed solution is maintained in monohydric alcohol dihydrolic alcohol or other organic solvent, and the hydrolyzed fluorosilane reacts with the metal hydroxyl radical bond in the surface of the oxide to obtain high stability M-O-Si bonding. The formed film of several nanometer to decades nanometer thickness is firmly combined with the substrate chemically at normal temperature without need of heat treatment.


A new type of water-based conductive ink was prepared using water-based polyurethane and water-based acrylic resin as vehicle and carbon as conductive filler.A standard circuit was made by screen printing and it was detected,then both the conductive property and printability of water-based conductive ink were analyzed.The detection results show that the prepared water-based conductive ink has the advantages of high conductive property,good adhesion property and excellent resistance to bending strain.It is very suitable for making flexible circuit.


Dependence of the East Azerbaijan mud volcanoes' shape on their controlling structures' kinematics was established when carrying out image interpretation aimed at predicting mud-volcanism-caused geohazards.


A crimping device according to the invention (1) has a for receiving a workpiece (10) provided bordering bed (11) on which a bearing surface (22) for the workpiece (10) and in the bearing surface disposed (22) vacuum-down device (24) for fixing includes the workpiece (10). It further comprises a flanging tool (5) and means for creating a vacuum for the vacuum hold-down (24).


THE PATIENT is a 34-year-old woman who is 27 weeks pregnant with her second baby. At 12 weeks into her pregnancy, she was found to have an obstructing right renal stone and had a stent placed. At 17 weeks, she was admitted with acute colic and was found to have an obstructed, encrusted stent, which was removed cystoscopically. A nephrostomy tube was placed. She has undergone nephrostomy tube changes but requires them nearly every 2 weeks because of acute encrustation, even using 14F tubes. Now she has persistent bacteriuria, and her gynecologist is concerned she may go into premature labor because of the frequent manipulations required to keep her nephrostomy tube draining. The site has been relocated from a middle to a lower calix to improve pain control and drainage. It is likely she will require some definitive procedure prior to the safer, 32-week time. At 27 weeks, she is high risk regardless of the approach taken. Ultrasound scanning shows a 2.03 2.0-cm renal pelvis stone and numerous stone fragments in the upper pole and on the nephrostomy tube, none larger than 8 mm. There is minimal hydronephrosis and a normal ureter. No radiographs are available to you at this time.


METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SEVERAL PHASES. MIXING IS DRIVEN THROUGH A ROTOR UNDER THE COMBINED EFFECT OF PRESSURE DROP BETWEEN UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM OF THE ROTOR ROTATION THEREOF. INVENTION THE ROTOR IS MADE FROM A STACK OF DISCS joined 36 OF WHICH IS PERCE OF PASSAGE SET COIL 62. EACH OF THESE PASSAGES 62 IS LIMITED BY SOLID WALLS 64, 66, 68, 70 AND CLEANER FACES ON UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM 37 39 36 DISC BY openwork ENTRY AND EXIT 63 65 RESPECTIVELY. A ajourage EXIT 63 TO A HARD GIVEN EXACTLY IS LOCATED IN FRONT OF AN ENTRY OF NEXT DISC ajourage 65. APPLICATION TO THE SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE.


Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The study was supported by The Innovation Fund Denmark [12-135225], The Research Foundation for the Capital Region of Denmark [no grant number], The Danish Heart Foundation [11-04-R83-A3363-22625], Aalborg University Talent Management Programme [no grant number], Arvid Nilssons Fond [no grant number], Skibsreder Per Henriksen, R. og Hustrus Fond [no grant number], Medtronic [no grant number], and the AFFECT-EU consortium which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 847770.

 The interest in heart rhythm monitoring and technologies to detect arrhythmia is increasing. The prevalence and prognostic significance of subclinical bradyarrhythmias is unknown.

 To assess the accidental diagnosis of bradyarrhythmia and its subsequent treatment and prognostic impact in persons screened for atrial fibrillation compared to unscreened persons.

 We utilized a randomized trial of ≥70-year-olds with cardiovascular risk factors recruited outside the hospital setting to receive implantable loop recorder screening for atrial fibrillation (ILR group) vs. usual care (Control group). Time-to-event analyses were performed for bradyarrhythmia, pacemaker implantation, syncope, and sudden cardiovascular death.

 A total of 6004 participants were randomized (mean age 75 years, 47% women, 91% with hypertension, 20% with prior syncope), 4503 to Control and 1501 to ILR. The median follow-up period was 64.5 [59.3, 69.8] months. A total of 675 deaths occurred with an overall rate of 2.16 (2.00-2.33) per 100 person-years, and 67 sudden cardiovascular deaths occurred with a rate of 0.21 (0.15-0.28) for the Control group and 0.23 (0.14-0.37) for the ILR group (hazard ratio (HR) 1.11 (0.64-1.90), p=0.71)).
 The overall rate of incident bradyarrhythmia was 1.63 (1.49-1.79) per 100 person-years, and bradyarrhythmia was diagnosed in 172 (3.82%) and 312 (20.8%) participants in the Control and ILR group, respectively (HR 6.21 (5.15-7.48), p<0.0001) (Figure 1). The most common bradyarrhythmia was sinus node dysfunction (SND) which was diagnosed in 68 participants in the Control group (1.51%) and 214 in the ILR group (14.26%). In the Control group, 57.35% of diagnoses of sinus node dysfunction resulted in pacemaker implantation, compared to 12.15% in the ILR group where the majority was treated conservatively (Figure 2). The second-most common type of bradyarrhythmia was high-grade atrioventricular block (AVB) which was diagnosed in 86 participants in the Control group (1.91%) and 54 in the ILR group (3.60%). In both groups, the majority of high-grade AVB was treated with pacemaker, although 29.63% in the ILR group were treated conservatively. Risk factors for bradyarrhythmia included higher age, male sex, and prior syncope.
 Overall, a pacemaker was implanted in 132 (2.93%) and 66 (4.40%) participants (HR 1.53 (1.14-2.06), p<0.0001), syncope occurred in 120 (2.66%) and 33 (2.20%) participants (HR 0.83 (0.56-1.22), p=0.34), and sudden cardiovascular death occurred in 49 (1.09%) and 18 (1.20%) participants (HR 1.11 (0.64-1.90), p=0.71) in the Control and ILR group, respectively.

 Bradyarrhythmias are highly common in ≥70-year-olds with cardiovascular risk factors. Compared to Control, ILR monitoring led to a six-fold increase in diagnosis of bradyarrhythmia and a significant increase in pacemaker implantations, but no change in the risk of syncope or sudden death.


Recent studies have shown the importance of Omega‐3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on proper brain development. Using data collected by 24‐hour recall in the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intakes of American women of childbearing age (12–49 y, n=2566). Mean ω‐3 PUFA intake was 0.62% and 1.93% of total energy and fat intake, respectively. Although mean ω‐3 intake (1.41 g/d) was above the current recommended Adequate Intake (1.1 g/d), DHA + EPA intake (0.10 g/d) was significantly lower than recommended (0.6 g/d). Similarly, the mean ω‐6:ω‐3 ratio was also very high (9.3:1) when compared to the current recommendation of 3:1 for optimum fetal brain development. Caucasian and Hispanic women's DHA + EPA intake was lower than African American and 'Other' women (p<0.001). In all women, DHA + EPA intakes increased concurrently with age, education and number of foods consumed in a day (p<0.0001). The ω‐6:ω‐3 ratio was also negatively associated with household income (p=0.05). Since much of the DHA necessary for fetal brain development is mobilized from maternal fat stores of DHA and EPA in the latter part of pregnancy, all American women of childbearing age should be encouraged to increase their dietary intake of DHA + EPA with special emphasis placed on increasing intake in younger, less educated Caucasian and Hispanic women.


Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) has been an important research topic in the field of Computer Graphics. Instead of highlighting the realism of CG synthesized images, NPR focus on the representation of the stroke and painter's style. For the research of NPR watercolor, simulating water diffusion and flow in paper is an important task. In this paper, we implement a NPR watercolor system. Our scene is composed with 3D models. The special visual effects of watercolor paintings are created by simulating the color mixing and the different concentration of watercolor. To achieve the above goal and the "Brush-Washing" effect, the water flow on 2D paper is simulated based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Moreover, the strokes of watercolor are simulated by utilizing the auxiliary bone structures and the shapes of three-dimensional models. A stroke consists of multiple pixels. The color on each pixel is calculated by Phong's reflection model. Therefore, the color on a stroke gradually transits from pixel to pixel. This approach creates nature and vivid appearances of strokes. In another word, our proposed method creates the tone of strokes automatically based on the 3D information of scene. As shown in the experiment results, our system synthesizes watercolor NPR animation with interesting and nature color, tone and strokes.


In order to study the wind turbine wake and its eventual interactions with neighbouring wind turbines, several numerical and physical modelling approaches are used. Some model the wind turbine with the simplest model, that is the actuator disc concept, adding a drag source (i.e. pressure loss) within the surface swept by the blades (numerical, physical,). Some use the Blade Element Momentum Theory, which takes into account the blade rotation effect on the wake and the aerodynamic features of the blades,. Some use Large Eddy Simulation to compute the unsteady flow around the entire rotor. In a wind resource assessment context, the latter one is not mature enough to be used since the computation times are extremely long. The second one has more acceptable computation time but the first one is still the most attractive to model the far wake, according to its simplicity of implementation and short computation time. On the other hand, the issue is that it is difficult to assess the errors induced by the absence of blades and associated rotation momentum on the wake development. Furthermore, the level of turbulence intensity encountered in the atmospheric incoming flow plays a role on this issue : First, the higher the turbulence intensity is, the faster the spectral signature of the blades disappears in the wake and the faster the azimuthal velocity induced by the rotational momentum is overwhelmed in ambiant velocity fluctuations. These intuitive remarks need to be quantified. In this context, a previous study of the present authors compared the wake properties of a model of a 3-blade rotating wind turbine (D = 416mm, TSR = 5.8, CT = 0.50)(Fig. 2) and of a porous disc made of metallic mesh (Fig. 3), generating the same velocity deficit as the wind turbine (Fig. 3). Both models were tested in an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) wind tunnel. A special care had been supplied to reproduce in the wind tunnel, at a smaller geometric scale, the flow and turbulence properties of an ABL (called later on "imodelled ABL"?). The spectral content of the turbulence and so, the turbulence length scales of the ABL are then reproduced. The modelled boundary layer had neutral stability conditions and the turbulence intensity at hub height was 13%. The 3D flow properties were measured from x = 0.5D to 3D downstream of the wind turbine. The mean flow and the spectral content were studied and the conclusion was that the additional rotation momentum and the blade signature in flow are no longer visible at the beginning of the far wake, expected at x = 3D). On the other hand, this statement is valid for the tested freestream turbulence intensity (13% at hub height) and cannot be extrapolated to any freestream conditions. One still can expect that the weaker the freestream turbulence intensity is, the farther the tip vortex signature and the additional rotation momentum remain visible within the wake. To complete this results, an experimental study about the unsteady properties of the wake downstream of the rotating wind turbine and of the porous disc located in a modelled ABL has been undertaken. Indeed, it is established that the large turbulence length scales present in the ABL can be responsible of the wake meandering process ). This phenomenom will be studied in the wind tunnel through space-time correlations of velocity signals measured at locations diametrically opposed in the wake, and compared for the two type


In this article, we explore longitudinal video data from the student activist group Fossil Free UofT to analyze what it means to become politicized. We argue that politicization is a sociocultural learning process, not merely a process of conceptual development or cognitive change, but a simultaneous process of conceptual, practical, epistemological, and identity development. In the analytic sections, we tease apart aspects of politicization, showcasing examples of transformation that center political concept development, changing practices, reconfigured ways of knowing, and new identities in formation.


VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a growing technology during last decade. It provides the audio, video streaming facility on successful implementation in the network. However, it provides the text transport facility over the network. Due to implementation of it the cost effective solution, it can be developed for the intercommunication among the employees of a prestigious organization. The proposed idea has been implemented on the audio streaming area of the VoIP technology. In the audio streaming, the security vulnerabilities are possible on the VoIP server during communication between two parties. In the proposed model, first the VoIP system has been implemented with IVR (Interactive Voice Response) as a case study and with the implementation of the security parameters provided to the asterisk server which works as a VoIP service provider. The asterisk server has been configured with different security parameters like VPN server, Firewall iptable rules, Intrusion Detection and Intrusion Prevention System. Every parameter will be monitored by the system administrator of the VoIP server along with the MySQL database. The system admin will get every update related to the attacks on the server through Mail server attached to the asterisk server. The main beauty of the proposed system is VoIP server alone is configured as a VoIP server, IVR provider, Mail Server with IDS and IPS, VPN server, connection with database server in a single asterisk server inside virtualization environment. The VoIP system is implemented for a Local Area Network inside the university system


AB Bile acids (BAs) are structurally diverse molecules, which have theroles in the digestive system, which are exercised through the bile. Beside those, BAs act as a signaling molecules and achieve endocrine and paracrine effects. In addition to its own metabolism, bile acids modulate the metabolism of lipids and glucose. The fact that so far only ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) is used for therapeutic purposes, speak clearly about of numerous limitations on the application of other natural BAs, and highlights the need to develop new synthetic Bas and ligands. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of synthetic 12-monoketocholic acid (MC) and natural bila acid UDC in the model of cholestasis and alloxan-induced diabetes. Tests were performed on male Wistar rats. We analyzed the body mass, glucose, liver function tests (AST, ALT, γ-GT, total and direct bilirubin). Using liver tissue homogenates we determined intensity of lipid peroxidation (by concentration of malondilaldehyde) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GSH-Px, GSH -R, GSH-ST). Liver tissue were histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin method and histochemical methods (reticulin, Mallory, Uticaj sintetske i prirodne žučne kiseline na oksidativni stres i apoptozu hepatocita doktorska disertacija _________________________________________________________________ vi Periodic Acid SchiffAlcian Blue (PAS / AB)). Imunohistochemical examination included hepatocyte proliferation (Ki-67), markers of apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Bax), and expression of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Results of the research show that MC prevented decrease in body mass during cholestasis and diabetes, and significantly reduced glycemia in diabetic animals. The liver function tests in cholestasis and diabetes are normalised by MC and UDC aplication. Both BAs significantly reduce lipid peroxidation and enhance enzymatic antioxidant defense of hepatocytes in cholestasis and diabetes. The expression of markers of apoptosis was not significantly changed in models of cholestasis and diabetes, as well as the application of the tested BAs. In contrast, in cholestasis and diabetes model, the proliferation of hepatocytes was significantly reduced, while the use of MC and UDC reversed this effect and significantly increased the proliferation of hepatocytes. Hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetes did not lead to overexpression of FXR. Induction of cholestasis in healthy and diabetic animals resulted in an increase in the expression of FXR, which is reduced by using the MK and the UDC. Based on these results we can conclude that a synthetic 12-monoketocholic acid shows similar hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects as natural ursodeoxycholic acid. Accepted on Scientific Board on: AS 06.02.2014.


Use and misuse of benzodiazepine might be very prevalent in patients with acute psychiatric symptoms, whereas they might be associated with specific adverse events in this population. The study investigated their prevalence in these patients. Secondary objectives were to identify risk factors for misuse of benzodiazepines, and its impact.


The merits of microwave such as penetrating cloud and sensing within and below the cloudy and rainy layers under all-weather and all-day conditions make it very suitable for atmospheric sounding. Increasing measuring channels of microwave radiometer will be good to get abundant information about atmosphere content by improving vertical resolution of atmospheric sounding. In this paper we present a new design of a high speed and broadband hyperspectral microwave receiver subsystem which will bring more flexibility and higher vertical resolution of atmospheric profile compared to conventional microwave radiometers. This subsystem has five same high speed digital signal processing parts, including analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chips with high sampling speed of 10 Gsps and five pieces KINTEX-7 Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) chips, and one key part for packaging, transforming spectrum data and controlling the whole subsystem, including a SPARTAN-6 FPGA chip and a high speed clocking part. The subsystem can measure 20 GHz continuous frequency bandwidth with more than 4000 channels. What's more, the number of sounding channels can be changed easily, which will lead to the sounding frequency resolution being changed easily. In order to gain high simultaneity among five high speed digital signal processing parts, some measurements must be took. So we give some critical design details about the highly simultaneous design. In addition, some test results and simulation results are provided too, which can present the subsystem has high flexibility, miniaturization, high vertical resolution in getting atmospheric information. Finally, some analysis of advantages and disadvantages about this subsystem design will be pointed out.


The author argues that the clarity of discourse is lost by the misuse of the terms "nation" and "nation state," attributable to ignorance of the evolutionary history of human society. He maintains that human social organization evolved from pair-binding and the family, and thence through an elaboration of kinship ties to the emergence of larger societies that were relatively homogeneous, both genetically and culturally, and which are properly known as nations. The term "nation-state," originally devised to refer to a nation that enjoyed a degree of self-government and political autonomy, has increasingly come to be used in recent decades to describe any geographically-delineated political aggregate of individuals living, willingly or unwillingly, under a common government - no matter how varied their biological origins, culture or personal value systems. He regards this terminological misuse as a significant affront to clarity of thought because societies which are united by common values and a belief in common, shared origins, are more able to live together in harmony and to be willing to sacrifice personal interest for each other's good than those which lack such unifying sentiments. Key Words: Band; Descent group; Clan; Phratry; Tribe; Feudalism, Nation; Nation state; Nationality. It is generally accepted that human social organization evolved from pair-bonding. Pair-bonding led to the emergence of families, and beyond families, kinship ties formed a basis for the regulation of behavior in larger tribal societies, and to a lesser extent in the much larger societies which we know as nations. Nations have been defined as human populations that share, or at least believe that they share, a substantially common history, culture, and ancestry. As such, the term "nation state" was originally devised to refer to a nation that occupied a distinct territory and enjoyed a high degree of political autonomy. However, in recent decades the term has been increasingly applied to any geographically-delineated political aggregate of individuals living under a common government, no matter how varied their biological origins, culture or personal value systems. This results in so much ideological confusion, and I felt it desirable to once again invite attention to this contradiction in thought, drawing largely on an explication of social evolution first presented not less than thirty years ago in my Introduction to Anthropology (1974).2 The Origins of Human Society While nonhuman primates tend to respond to sexual stimuli with very direct and largely unrestrained biological responses, human societies heavily restrict sexual behavior according to elaborate conventions, and it has been suggested that under these circumstances much of the emotional energy associated with sex tends to be sublimated into other activities. But the practice of pair-bonding leads among humans to something even more important than this. It leads to the institutionalization of the family, a social group comprising in its simplest form the original pair-bonded adults plus their offspring. Anthropologists and sociologists still debate the ideal definition of the term family, but all agree that in some way the idea of the family combines the idea of pair-bonding with the concept of the household, as a cooperating economic unit. The evolutionary history of the family as a social institution makes this clear. The pair-bond is a form of cooperation which developed because it promoted the survival chances of the offspring. A family may therefore best be defined as a social group comprising one or more males linked by a socially recognized set of mutual obligations and privileges to one or more females, together with their offspring, who face the problem of survival as a joint enterprise. The human family is the basic unit in a more complex network of community ties. As memory developed among our hominid forebears, so the pattern of behavior learned in infancy tended to be preserved into adulthood. …


This paper describes geoacoustic inversion of airgun data acquired during the SWARM95 experiment. Hybrid optimization and Bayesian inversion techniques were applied to three airgun data sets recorded by a vertical line array. Optimization results are used to show the consistency of the estimates from all of the shots in terms of histograms and standard deviations of the inverted geoacoustic model parameters. The inversion results from the Bayesian approach are used to show the uncertainties of the estimates in terms of marginal distributions, MAP estimates, and credibility intervals. In the Bayesian inversion, full data error covariance matrices were estimated by ensemble averaging the covariance of the residuals of the measured and modeled data of inversions from many shots. The numbers of shots in the ensemble averages were determined by checking the temporal coherence of the signal. Statistical tests were used to test the validity of the assumptions in the Bayesian approach after incorporating full dat...


The Hasegawa–Mima equation is the simplest nonlinear single-field model equation that captures the essence of drift wave dynamics. Like the Schrödinger equation it is first order in time. However its coefficients are real, so if the potential φ is initially real it remains real. However, by embedding φ in the space of complex functions a simple Lagrangian is found from which the Hasegawa–Mima equation may be derived from Hamilton's Principle. This Lagrangian is used to derive an action conservation equation which agrees with that of Biskamp and Horton.


. Carbon tariff is a new type of green trade barrier proposed by the United States to levy taxes on high-energy-consuming imported products in international trade. Based on the current situation of Sino-US trade, this article takes the implementation of US carbon tariffs as the premise and lists the actual trade data from 2010 to 2020 in order to examines the upcoming impact imposed by the United States on China's export trade. The results show that there is a significant negative effect between carbon tariffs and China's export volume. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward policy suggestions in order to provide a theoretical reference for China's export trade to respond to the US carbon tariff policy.


For electrostatically stabilized colloids, an increase in salt concentration typically causes a decrease in stability, until the electrical double layer is collapsed, in which case the instability remains as salt concentration is increased further. In cases when adsorbed polymer is used to impart stability, the onset of aggregation can most often be correlated with the onset of poor polymer solvency. Therefore, it is anticipated that when a charged latex is stabilized by a thin nonionic polymer which is salted out, the colloidal stability should either decrease or remain constant upon an increase in salt concentration. In the present work, however, an increase in stability is observed for several salts at relatively high concentrations, a phenomenon referred to herein as "restabilization". The specific circumstances in which this unexpected behavior occurs and the possible causes for it are discussed.


A short review of the available models and databases in the Multi‐Phase Equilibrium (MPE) package developed by CSIRO are outlined in this paper. The capability of the MPE model covers the behavior of a large number of elements in high temperature processes such as iron ore sintering, iron and steelmaking, copper smelting and converting, nickel, lead, and zinc smelting as well as waste treatment etc. Some examples on the validation of the model and databases against published experimental data on slag liquidus, sulphur capacity, phosphorus partitioning and viscosity etc. are shown. Finally, a few examples on application of MPE to iron ore sintering, ironmaking, and steelmaking are also presented.


In a large hospital, an emergency generator (EG) is installed in the facility in preparation for power failure due to disasters and power system accidents. Emergency generators generate power by consuming fuel stored in the hospital, but since the stored fuel is limited, the operation time of EG will be limited. Also, in large earthquakes, traffic infrastructure is often destroyed, and it is difficult to replenish additional fuel to the fuel tank in the hospital. Therefore, in order to supply power as long as possible to the hospital using EG, need to install photovoltaic generator (PV) and power storage equipment, and optimize the operation method of EG and minimize fuel consumption. Previous research has optimized the operation method of EG applying mathematical programming method at a large hospital assuming install of PV. In this paper presents, we construct an emulation system that scales down the power grid of a large hospital and verify and evaluate algorithms of optimal operation method of EG, PV and power storage equipment during island mode operation.


Objectives
Pyrophen, an amino acid-pyrone derivative isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus strain KARSV04 has been reported to have an anticancer effect on T47D cells by inhibiting the growth of cells and modulating the cell cycle in the S phase. In the present study, the effect of pyrophen in doxorubicin (Dox) chemotherapy in an in vitro model of breast cancers was studied.

Materials and Methods
The cytotoxicity of pyrophen and Dox separately and in combination were evaluated in T47D and MCF-7 cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Modulation of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry.

Results
Our findings showed that pyrophen did not significantly potentiate Dox-induced cytotoxicity in T47D cells. Adding Dox-treated T47D cells with pyrophen at a concentration of 9.20 μg/mL induced a slight increase in the S-phase cell population. This compound induced cytotoxicity of MCF-7 cells with IC50 of 70.57 μg/mL. Co-treatment of pyrophen and Dox in MCF-7 cells increased cytotoxicity relative to Dox alone, which was suggested in part to be due to modulation of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and apoptosis.

Conclusion
The data suggest different mechanisms of regulation in promoting cell death by two different cell lines in response to administration of pyrophen.


This paper present simulation results of controlled DC-machines fed by thyristor single phase line-commutated converters in discontinuous current mode, without using a current and speed feedback signals. The required controller comprises open-loop speed control and a inner current control with observer. Current observer calculates the average of discontinuous current, dependent on two binary values: generated firing angle and measured current flow angle. First part addresses the control system and its structure. Second part is a detail description of mathematical model of the presented control system implemented in SIMULINK. At the end of the paper simulation results are shown, which verifies possibility of implementing this very economical control concept.


Could the early modern naval city be considered something special for its time, a city unlike other early modern cities? This article argues, using the example of Karlskrona in Sweden, that the European naval city in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries became what could be labelled a 'hub', where older ways of thinking and acting were confronted on a new level. The driving force behind this confrontation was Sweden's ambition to become the major player in the Baltic Sea. With this military ambition followed new demands on existing methods of production and the handling of diseases. In order to reach its goals, Sweden had to build up a strong military state based on established trading networks in the Baltic area, and as these networks were in the hands of burghers, the state had to integrate them into its project by negotiation. It did not help that it was thought the success of the project relied on founding a new naval city in an area only recently conquered from Denmark. The sheer scale of Sweden's ambitions is shown by the plans for the new city, built on a couple of uninhabited islands in the far south-east of the country, and requiring the mass relocation of burghers out to the islands and the creation of a naval base and shipyard. Together, this created an environment for new encounters and new solutions.


In the light of public sector reforms, a brief review of NPM fundamentals is carried out to understand the e-governance phenomenon. In this context, this Article begins with the theoretical and practical implications that the NPM have had on e-governance deployment. On this ground, the conception of e-governance embedded in the NPM domain seems to concentrate chiefly on performance measures, neglecting political and social outcomes. As such, e-governance evaluation frameworks in public sector seems to have identified certain key parameters like organizational efficiency, information quality, ICT accessibility and usage, reengineering, customer preferences, percentage of services available online and alike. One of the common criticisms among the scholars and practitioners of NPM based ICT agenda is, that it tends to perceive ICT as a tool to rationalize and re-engineer organizational procedures, sidelining social and political values. In this regard, the author perceives ICT as a performance measure used by the government at various levels vis-a-vis centre, state and local, hence, both the terms e-government and e-governance are used interchangeably.


The traditional way of developing MIS software,which fixed the business process in the codes of the software,had brought about many update and maintenance issues.This paper presented an approach of solving these problems by introducing the ontology theory into the modeling and development of MIS software and proposed an OWL-encoded ontological model for business process of MIS.


The two decades since unification have witnessed considerable changes in German collective memory. Whereas views about the place that the Nazi past should occupy in Germany's historical consciousness were still very polarized a few years before the fall of the Wall, developments since unification have resulted in a past that is much more accommodating and allows an easier identification with the German nation. A more institutionalized and internationalized approach to the Nazi past, which incorporates the memory of German suffering, is increasingly complemented by a focus on positive aspects of German history, like the successes of the Bonn Republic, the peaceful East German revolution of 1989, and unification in 1990.


The present work focuses on the manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts using hot single point incremental forming (SPIF), a non-conventional forming technology mainly oriented toward the fabrication of prototypes, spare parts, or very low volume series. In the used procedure, the entire sheet is heated and kept at uniform temperature while the tool incrementally forms the part, with the limited accuracy of the obtained parts being the major drawback of the process. Thus, this work proposes two approaches to improve the geometric accuracy of Ti-6Al-4V SPIF parts: (i) correct the tool path by applying an intelligent process model (IPM) that counteracts deviations associated with the springback, and (ii) skip overforming deviations associated with the deflection of the sheet along the perimeter of the part based on a design improvement. For this purpose, a generic asymmetric design that incorporates features of a typical aerospace Ti-6Al-4V part is used. The results point out the potential of both solutions to significantly improve the accuracy of the parts. The application of the IPM model leads to an accuracy improvement up to 49%, whereas a 25.4% improvement can be attributed to the addendum introduction. The geometric accuracy study includes the two finishing operations needed to obtain the part, namely decontamination and trimming.


Continuum modeling of the elastic-plastic behavior of fibrous composites is concerned with predictions of the macroscopic behavior of a composite aggregate, which consists of an elastic-plastic metal matrix reinforced by unidirectionally aligned elastic fibers. Mechanical properties and volume fractions of the phases are assumed to be known; the objective is to predict the overall response of the composite under incrementally applied uniform macroscopic stresses or strains in terms of the phase properties, and of the geometry of the microstructure. This paper reviews some recent solutions of this problem. Those include micromechanical models that derive the overall response from uniform local fields, and also models that approximate the actual nonuniform local fields and arrive at upper and lower bound solutions. Recent experimental results pertaining to plastic behavior of fibrous composite materials are also discussed.


Downy mildew of cruciferous crops is caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica. Cabbage, Chinese cabbage (including NAPA and bok choy), broccoli, cauliflower, radish, turnips, Brussels sprouts, mustard, collard, rutabagas, kohlrabi, rape, forage kales, and kale are susceptible. The susceptibility of many cruciferous weeds in Florida is unknown; they are infected by this fungus but it remains unknown at this time if the strains infecting such weeds will also infect cruciferous crops. For practical purposes it is presumed that at least some cruciferous weed strains of this fungus infect cruciferous crops. Varieties within cruciferous crops and the crops themselves will vary in their susceptibility to downy mildew, but information on this aspect is scant. Therefore, do not make hasty decisions about changing varieties without first inquiring into the availability of current information about varieties or first experimenting with small plantings of new varieties. If varietal reaction to downy mildew is available, it would be available for major cruciferous crops such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and maybe radish. On the other cruciferous crops, personal experience may have to be relied upon. This issue is further complicated by the presence of different strains (races) of this pathogen. The presence of different races is known, but practically speaking this information is of minimal value at this time. When race surveys are conducted and crop varieties are evaluated extensively each year, such knowledge could become useful. There is some evidence that strains that infect radish are not aggressive on other cruciferous crops. Also, the weed, shepards purse, has not been successfully infected with the downy mildew fungus using spores from commercial crops even though this fungus was first described on shepards purse in 1796.


Mining is one of the economic activities practiced in the small state of Goa apart from agriculture, tourism and fishing. With the advent of mining activities in the areas, the practice of traditional occupations was difficult. Mining industry brings lucrative incomes but it also comes with a lot of environmental hazards. The protests and agitation that took place against rampant mining operations owing to the Chinese boom in the last decade compelled the Supreme Court to order ban in September, 2012. With this background the current study aims at assessing the impact of this ban on the socio-economic characteristics of the households in the mining belt of Goa. For the purpose, an interview schedule was forwarded to 256 respondents in the mining belt. The results of the paired sample t-test showed a significant difference in the economic status of the households in the mining regions. Standard deviation showed the wide disparities in the incomes. The study also revealed a change in the occupational structure. The study suggests the need to educate people about the nature of mining industry and thus a need to invest into alternate income avenues instead of entirely relying on the industry which is temporal.


An instrument is described which will detect and record the alpha‐disintegration rate of prepared radioactive samples even though soft beta‐radiation up to 5×109 disintegrations per minute may also be present. The counting losses arising from the detector, electronic amplifier, scaler, and recorder total 0.8 percent with an alpha‐counting rate of 105 counts per minute. The instrument employs a proportional counter through which 99 percent CH4 at one atmosphere slowly flows. The proportional counting region is approximately 300 volts in length, with 0.5 percent change in counting rate in an interval of 200 volts. Thin radioactive samples deposited on metal disks up to 2.5 cm in diameter are easily inserted into the counter volume by means of a special gas lock. The counter detects 0.50 of the disintegrations from a thin radioactive sample. The counter background can be maintained at about 14 counts per hour. A high vacuum, low geometry attachment provides reductions in geometry down to at least 10−5 of the...


A new approach for automatic placement of analog circuits is proposed. The placement process includes a branch-and-bound placement followed by a shape optimization. In contrast to many other approaches which derive an approximate solution relying on heuristics, the branch-and-bound placement searches for an optimal solution within the constraints of the model used. Since analog constraints can reduce the solution space significantly, the search becomes fast under the constraints. At the shape optimization stage, different shape possibilities for each component are utilized for area reduction or reshaping of the placement. An experimental result for an op-amp with 26 transistors is shown to demonstrate the performance of the approach.


ABSTRACT:On the evening of Friday, March 2, 1878, or thereabouts, Joseph Conrad, aged twenty, arguably tried to end his life. His attempt (if even actually made) was almost certainly feigned. Conrad's friend Richard Fecht imputedly came to tea with him and found him wounded. Biographers have marshalled or embellished the few already suspect facts, have made some tendentious conjectures and drawn some provisional conclusions; yet, a corpus of supposition and hearsay has remained unexamined forensically in Conrad scholarship. We may accept Conrad's uncle Tadeusz Bobrowski's word that Fecht sent him a telegram, and that Tadeusz travelled to Marseilles, saw Conrad recuperating and settled his debts. We know this because Tadeusz sent a letter to a friend, Stefan Buszczyński, inventing a fiction that his nephew had been wounded in a duel, to scotch an unspecified rumor; and we know of the letter, because Zdzisław Najder saw and published it in 1957. That is all we know for sure; even Tadeusz's description of the event is provisional. We cannot know if he saw an actual wound, nor if his assessment of Richard Fecht was accurate. Nothing corroborates his belief that anything happened at all. Using information about Conrad's character, circumstances, contextual cultural factors, and modern historiographical, medical, and ballistic forensics, we shall scrutinize the evidence, ending where we began; but en route we may jettison illusion and unwarranted assumptions.


This paper proposes an idea of how digital assets could be included in the Flow of Funds Accounts. Digital assets which are used as a means of payment, including CBDCs, stablecoins, and other types of crypto-assets, can have a potential impact on the financial system and are therefore expected to be reflected in an appropriate, feasible and consistent manner within the existing statistical framework of the Flow of Funds Accounts. Reviewing international discussions on the statistical treatment of these digital assets, this paper looks at the issues regarding the definition and classification of these instruments and explains difficulties in the collection of source data.


We have designed a low-cost Tactograph, to make tactile pictures accessible to a person with visual impairment. The Tactograph was designed with an x-y stage and a fluid in a refillable cartridge. Tactile shapes were printed on a regular A4 sized paper using this system. This refillable cartridge is a simple disposable syringe, which makes it easy to use. We have designed and developed a USB interface based controller board with stepper motors. The control transfers between control board and PC is done with Python based programming. We have achieved tactile image of average width $1.68\ \mathbf{mm}\ \mathbf{with} \pm 0.31\ \mathbf{mm}$ tolerance using an adhesive fluid.


The U. S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USA-CERL) is currently evaluating new methods for waste treatment at remote sites which will eliminate or mitigate problems with offensive odors, groundwater and soil pollution, nuisance insects and ensuring proper maintenance.


The acyl transferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) catalyzes the acyl transfer between a range of primary and secondary alcohols, whereby its outstanding ability is to perform this reaction in aqueous solution. Therefore, MsAcT opens different options for acylation reactions enabling alternatives for many conventionally hydrolytic enzymes used in biocatalysis. Nevertheless, hydrolysis is still a major side reaction of this enzyme. To provide a detailed understanding of the competition between hydrolysis and transesterification reactions, a combination of density functional theory and free energy perturbation methods have been employed. The relative binding free energies and the energy profiles of the chemical steps involved in the reaction were calculated for a number of substrates. The calculations show that the enzyme active site exhibits a higher affinity for substrates with an aromatic ring. The rate-determining step corresponds to the collapse of a negatively charged tetrahedral intermediate i...


The present invention is exendin-4 derivatives and, for example, treatment of disorders of the metabolic syndrome, including diabetes and obesity, furthermore relates to the medical use thereof in reducing excessive food intake.


In this study, the application of bipolar electro coagulation (EC) using iron electrode has been assessed for the removal of Remazol Black B in the simulated dye wastewater. The influence of different parameters involving pH, initial dye concentration, sodium sulfate concentration, electrolysis time, and electric current was investigated. According to the results, the anode dissolution rate can be significantly affected by the electric current and it can be found that at high sulfate concentration, the decolorization process cannot be improved. The best color removal efficiency was obtained was 98.8 ± 0.9% at pH of 10, dye concentration of 30 mg/L, and electrical current of 6 A during electrolysis time of 8 minutes. This result indicates that EC can be used as an efficient and "green" method for color removal from reactive dye solution.


The present paper epitomizes the detailed physicochemical behaviour of photodynamic active chlorin e6 (Ce6) and its interaction with the DNA alkylating quinone; 2,5-dichloro diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone (AZDCIQ) in different bio-mimicking micellar microenvironments using steady state absorption, fluorescence, time resolved fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy studies. Dramatic modulation in the photophysics of Ce6 has been observed in two types of surfactant assemblies namely premicellar and postmicellar assemblies of cationic CTAB, anionic SDS and nonionic TX-100. In water at pH 7.4, Ce6 exists as monomeric (73%, 4.91 ns) and dimeric (27%, 2.49 ns) forms, but with increasing concentration of CTAB in the premicellar region, the absorption and emission intensity decreases significantly due to the formation of surfactant induced higher aggregates. Interestingly further addition of CTAB (at critical micellar concentration and above) leads to disaggregation of those higher aggregates into its subsequent monomeric and dimeric form. In the case of TX-100 and SDS, the dye does not form higher aggregates in the premicellar region, rather it remains as monomeric–dimeric forms throughout the concentration range until the critical micellar concentration (CMC). After micellization, the percentage of Ce6 monomer increases in the case of TX-100, whereas the reverse case is observed in SDS, which may be explained by the forced dimerisation caused by repulsive interactions between anionic Ce6 and SDS micelles. The copper induced fluorescence quenching, solvation dynamics, and fluorescence anisotropy shows that the dye is localised in the Stern layer of CTAB, in the palisade layer of TX-100 and in the outer Gouy–Chapman layer or in aqueous bulk phase in the case of SDS micelles. The interaction of fully micellized PDT active Ce6 with DNA alkylating AZDCIQ is found to be more in CTAB as compared to TX-100 and water. The solvation dynamics of Ce6 in the presence of the quinone reveals the dynamic nature of the interaction between these two partners. The spectroscopic research described herein may provide numerous effective information for the use of chlorin(s) and alkylating quinones together to overcome the limitation of PDT, especially in the hypoxic environment of solid tumors.


Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future, either in response to an event (event‐based) or after a certain amount of time has elapsed (time‐based). While the distinction between event‐ and time‐based PM is widely acknowledged in the literature, little is known about the processes they share and those they do not. This is particularly true concerning their brain substrates, as almost all neuroimaging studies so far have focused on event‐based PM. We proposed a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm assessing both event‐based and time‐based PM to 20 healthy young individuals. Analyses revealed that event‐ and time‐based PM both induced activation in the posterior frontal and parietal cortices, and deactivation in the medial rostral prefrontal cortex. In addition, activation more specific to each condition, which may underlie differences in strategic monitoring, was highlighted. Thus, occipital areas were more activated during event‐based PM, probably reflecting target‐checking, while a network comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the cuneus/precuneus and, to a lesser extent, the inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, and the cerebellum, was more activated in time‐based PM, which may reflect the involvement of time‐estimation processes. These results confirm the allocation of attentional resources to the maintenance of intention for event‐based and time‐based PM, as well as the engagement of distinct mechanisms reflecting the monitoring strategies specific to each condition. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3066–3082, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The aim of this article is to discuss the strategic planning of Centre for Educational Extension (Pusat Kembangan Pendidikan) for key performance index enhancement of National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) as a research university. There are five strategic action plans have been identified and will be systematically implemented in stages by Centre for Educational Extension to ensure that the said plans will have an impact and positive effect on the growth of research in UKM. The five said strategic action plans are: i) Increasing the total number of graduate students, ii) Expansion of several graduate programs by the faculty to be managed by Centre for Educational Extension, iii) Intensification of writing and publishing by graduate students managed by Centre for Educational Extension, iv) Improving teaching and learning aspects, and v) Intensification of internationalisation program.


Non-destructive evaluation of cracks in steel structures has been widely investigated and various types of evaluation method have been reported. However, a non-destructive evaluation system for fatigue which is an early stage of crack is limited. Therefore, a reliable and practical evaluation method of fatigue for steel plate is highly required. In this study, the fatigue in a steel plate was evaluated by measuring a leaked magnetic field caused by permeability change of fatigue. To detect a leaked magnetic field from a measurement sample, AC magnetic field was applied above the steel plate to the direction parallel to the sample surface using ferrite yoke with induction coils. To avoid the skin effect and ensure the magnetic field penetrating inside the sample, magnetic field of low frequency range was applied. The leaked magnetic field was measured by a magneto-resistive (MR) sensor and a magnetic field distribution was obtained by multipoint measurement using automatically controllable stage. The direction of measured field was three axes which is parallel or perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. As a measurement sample, a steel plate (SS 400) was bended using Schenck type fatigue test ng machine. The stress amplitude was 294 N/mm , the cycle was 30 Hz, and the test time was 1 and 4 h. To investigate the material characteristic change before and after fatigue test , the B-H curve and residual stress of each steel plate were measured. The measured B-H curve indicated that the permeability of steel plate decreased when the stress by the fatigue test was applied. Therefore, it was confirmed that the magnetic characteristic of the steel plate changed after fatigue test. Because of this change, the leaked magnetic field depended on the fatigue testing time and the intensity of leaked magnetic field increased with increasing the fatigue testing time . These results suggest that the fatigue area in a steel plate can be estimated using magnetic method and a practical non-destructive evaluation system for fatigue detection is expected.


We present two models connected with the cybergovernment for the Spanish Local Administrations: evolution steps for the electronic government. Content analysis model for webs based upon previous proposals. For the evolution model we propose five steps: a) basic information; b) one directional communication; c) bidirectional communication; d) economical transactions and e) data interchange between local and other Administrations. The analysis model contains more than 200 items for evaluation divided in three packages that we call: information for daily life; open administration and citizen participation. All are included in a matrix which provides values for every one of them at every one of the steps defined by the e-government.


Observations suggest that more than one mechanism is responsible for the increased tolerance to permethrin in the larval stage of Lucilia sericata. While the penetration rate of permethrin was much reduced in larvae, they remained more tolerant than adults when this compound was injected. Following the injection of sublethal amounts of [3H]-(1 RS)-trans-permethrin, a substantial proportion of the dose was accumulated and retained in the larval fat body. In adults, less permethrin was absorbed and retained in the tissues. However, compared to the larvae, detoxication was faster, haemoplasm levels were lower, and substantially more breakdown products were excreted. The injection of sublethal amounts of permethrin into the larva led to severe disruption of sensory function. These findings suggest that an important difference may exist between adults and larvae in either the sensitivity of vital sites within the nervous system, or in the sequence of events which follow nervous system disruption and lead to death.


The present invention relates generally to cinnamaldehyde formulations and methods of use thereof for protecting plants from nematodes and other pathogens. The present invention provides a magic bullet that does not require the use of chemical additives. These formulations have low phytotoxicity, low volatility. Further, the method of application of the formulation for agricultural use is disclosed.


The purpose of this paper is to assess the growth and viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (L. rhamnosus GR-1) in carrot juice (CJ), carrot apple juice (CAJ), carrot orange juice (COJ) and carrot beet juice (CBJ) over 72 h of fermentation and 30 days of refrigerated storage at 4°C. The secondary objective is to evaluate sensory properties.,Four vegetable juice samples were inoculated with the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GR-1 and fermented for 72 h. To observe the samples' storage ability, the samples were refrigerated for 30 days. Microbial enumeration was conducted throughout the fermentation and storage periods to determine the viability of L. rhamnosus GR-1. Sensory evaluation with 106 participants was also conducted to assess the consumer acceptability of the vegetable juices.,All tested samples achieved mean microbial counts of at least 109 CFU/ml. During the 72-h fermentation period significant differences in microbial counts in juices CJ (p = 0.001), CAJ (p = 0.031), COJ (p = 0.047) and CBJ (p = 0.001) were observed. Over the 30-day storage period, significant differences in microbial counts were only found in juices CJ (p = 0.001) and COJ (p = 0.019). A significant decline in pH (p = 0.001) was also observed during 72 h of fermentation and 30-days of cold storage. Sensory evaluation of all juices showed significant differences in sensory attributes such as appearance (p = 0.001), flavour (p = 0.001), texture (p = 0.001) and overall acceptability (p = 0.001). Sensory results showed that the probiotic CBJ and CJ had the highest hedonic scores for flavour, texture and overall acceptability (p = 0.001) among participants. This study demonstrated that non-dairy vegetable juices could be an alternative to dairy-based probiotic products.,Commercially available probiotic dairy-based foods make up a large sector of the consumer market. However, the growing consumer interest in healthful eating has led to an increased demand for plant-based products. The probiotic L. rhamnosus GR-1 provides numerous therapeutic benefits, such as reducing the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis, yeast and urinary tract infections. The results of this study may have a significant influence on the health of individuals, especially in less economically developed countries.


The present invention relates to a colouring additive suitable for dispersion in a matrix such as a plastic material, metal, glass, crystal, ceramic material, paint, silicones, plaster, cement, ink, dye, wax, or similar; said colouring additive is remarkable in that it is composed of at least a carbo vegetabilis powder having a granulometry between 0 and 400 mum. The invention also relates to, in particular, a plastic material comprising said colouring additive according to the invention, a master batch for making plastic parts, a master batch for making paints, inks, or similar, and a method for manufacturing foamed plastic parts or similar.


Phillyrin is an important lignans compound from Forsythia. It is not only found in the raw medicinal material with high content, but also shows a variety of pharmacological activities. In the paper, the recent advances in extraction methods, pharmacology-toxicology, pharmacokinetics and the other studies of phillyrin were reviewed in order to provide reference and suggestions for the fur-ther research.


Excerpt The paper by Cohen and colleagues in this issue of the Annals brings into sharp focus the importance of the association of the histocompatibility antigen, HL-A W27, with the spondylitic gro...


The purpose of this study is to Investigate the effect of job stress on burnout and job satisfaction and turnover Intention for Hotel employee. The data obtained from the hotel employee, 355 questionaires. This results obtained were summarized as follow; First, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload in job stress is influenced positively by burnout. Second, conflict, role ambiguity, role overload in job stress is influenced negatively by job satisfaction and positively by turnover intention. Third, burnout is influenced negatively by job satisfaction and positively by turnover intention. The result of study will be helpful for the Hotel industries which haven need to establish the marketing stratigies.


Creativity is widely accepted as being an important outcome of schooling. Yet there are many different views about what it is, how best it can be cultivated in young people and whether or how it should be assessed. And in many national curricula creativity is only implicitly acknowledged and seldom precisely defined. This paper offers a five dimensional definition of creativity which has been trialled by teachers in two field trials in schools in England. The paper suggests a theoretical underpinning for defining and assessing creativity along with a number of practical suggestions as to how creativity can be developed and tracked in schools. Two clear benefits of assessing progress in the development of creativity are identified: 1) teachers are able to be more precise and confident in developing young people's creativity, and 2) learners are better able to understand what it is to be creative (and to use this understanding to record evidence of their progress). The result would seem to be a greater likelihood that learners can display the full range of their creative dispositions in a wide variety of contexts. La creativite est largement acceptee comme etant un resultat scolaire important. Pourtant il y a beaucoup d'opinions differentes sur ce qu'elle est, comment on peut la cultiver chez les jeunes gens, et si et comment on devrait l'evaluer. De plus, dans beaucoup de programmes scolaires, la creativite n'est reconnue que de maniere implicite et rarement definie de maniere precise. Ce document offre une definition de la creativite reposant sur cinq dimensions, qui a ete testee par des enseignants durant deux experiences de terrain dans des ecoles en Angleterre. Le document propose un soubassement theorique pour definir et evaluer la creativite ainsi que nombre de suggestions pratiques sur le developpement et le suivi de la creativite a l'ecole. Deux benefices clairs d'evaluer le progres dans le developpement de la creativite sont identifies : 1) les enseignants peuvent etre plus precis et confiants lorsqu'ils developpent la creativite des jeunes gens, et 2) les apprenants sont davantage en mesure de comprendre ce que « etre creatif » signifie (et a utiliser cette comprehension pour documenter et relater leur progres). Le resultat semble etre une plus grande probabilite que les apprenants temoignent de toute l'etendue de leurs dispositions a la creativite dans un large eventail de contextes.


The proper disposal of solid wastes from coal conversion plants represents a significant environmental concern. Issues raised include: potential public health consequences, environmental degradation, appropriate management strategies and the potential costs of these management strategies. To determine potential problems associated with solid waste generation and disposal from commercial-sized facilities, projections of quantities, characteristics, current regulatory requirements, potential health effects, solid waste management options and costs were investigated.