Basim A. Abass Soadad N. Ghani BabylonUniversity Al-Kofa University ________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: An investigation to the turbulent lubrication performance of journal bearing considering journal misalignment and bearing elastic deformation has been established and validated through this work. Oil film pressure, side leakage flow rate, friction coefficient and misalignment moments at variant journal misalignment and bearing elastic deformation are calculated based on the modified Reynolds equation to include the effect of turbulent flow of oil due to high speeds of journal .Suitable models for journal misalignment and bearing elastic deformation have been used and included to the oil film thickness. Some of the results obtaind through this work have been compared with that obtained by the other workers and found to be in agood agreemnt. It has been shown that the combined effect of the bearing shell elastic deformation and the journal misalignment has a considerable effect on the bearing parametres and can not be neglected.


Rutile TiO_2 nanoparticles of controled size were prepared by a very simple forced hydrolysis from TiOCl_2 aqueous solution using microwave irradiation. The products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TiO_2 particles produced from the present route have spherical structure. The influence of heating power on TiOCl_2 solution hydrolytic process was studied and a possible nucleation mechanism of rutile TiO_2 nanoparticles was discussed.


.............................................................................................................................96 Introduction ........................................................................................................................97 Materials and Methods ......................................................................................................99 Animals and Diets ..................................................................................................99 Sample Collection ................................................................................................102 Laboratory Analysis .............................................................................................104 ix Statistical Analysis ...............................................................................................104 Results and Discussion ....................................................................................................106 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................117 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................118 CHAPTER 4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................124


The coexistence of rarefied continuum flow regime areas and relatively small elements in which rarefaction effects become important is a typical feature of many complex gas flows micro systems. In rarefied domains, the mean free path of gas molecules is comparable or larger than a characteristic scale of the system. These domains are naturally described by kinetic equation for the velocity distribution function, which involve a considerable effort in terms of CPU time and memory requirements, due to the discretization in both physical and velocity space. The continuum domains are best described by the fluid Navier Stokes (NS) equations in terms of average flow velocity, gas density and temperature. These equations are more efficient, but less accurate in critical rarefied areas. Thus, the development of hybrid solver combining kinetic and continuum models is of great interest especially for applications range from gas flows in micro systems to the aerospace applications, such as high altitude flights. The pressure –driven gas flow of rarified monatomic gas through a two-dimensional short microchannel is considered using hybrid solver. The calculations have been carried out for pressure ratios 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9 and fixed relatively large Knudsen number. The applicability of the solver is discussed via comparison with the kinetic and NS solutions.


ABSTRACT Three depositional sequences, associated with cycles of change in relative sea level and coastal onlap, can be identified in the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian, Campanian, and Maastrichtian) strata of the Mississippi-Alabama area. These depositional sequences have an event spacing of 2 to 11 million years and are herein designated the UZAGC-3.0 (Upper Zuni A, Gulf Coast), UZAGC-4.0, and UZAGC-5.0 sequences. The UZAGC-3.0 cycle comprises a lower type 1 sequence boundary (Tuscaloosa-Eutaw contact); lowstand systems tract (Eutaw Formation); first transgressive surface or disconformity (Eutaw-Tombigbee contact); transgressive systems tract (Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation and the lower Mooreville Chalk); surface of maximum transgression or submarine disconformity (within the Mooreville Chalk); and highstand systems tract (upper Mooreville Chalk and its Arcola Limestone Member, basal Demopolis sandy beds, Coffee Sand, Tupelo Tongue of the Coffee Sand). The UZAGC-4.0 cycle includes a lower type 2 sequence boundary (Coffee or Tupelo Tongue contact with the Demopolis or Sardis Formation or a contact recognized within the Demopolis), which is coincident with the first transgressive surface; transgressive systems tract (Demopolis marls, Sardis Formation); surface of maximum transgression within the Demopolis Chalk; and highstand systems tract (Demopolis Chalk and its Bluffport Marl Member, Coon Creek Formation, Ripley Formation, McNairy Sand). The UZAGC-5.0 cycle includes a lower sequence boundary (McNairy Sand contact with the Owl Creek Formation or Chiwapa Sandstone Member of the Ripley Formation or a disconformity recognized within the Ripley Formation), which can he coincident with the first transgressive surface; transgressive systems tract (Chiwapa or Ripley calcareous sands, Prairie Bluff or Owl Creek marts); surface of maximum transgression within the Prairie Bluff or Owl Creek; and highstand systems tract (Prairie Bluff or Owl Creek beds). The component systems tracts and defining physical surfaces of these sequences have been recognized and traced from Selmer (Tennessee) to Selma (Alabama), a distance of about 420 km. The sequence boundaries and transgressive surfaces are diachronous along their traces. The transgressive systems tract deposits of a given sequence become progressively younger in age from the basin proper to the basin margin. Only the maximum flooding surfaces and/or condensed section strata have chronostratigraphic significance for regional and worldwide correlation. The synchronous nature of the maximum flooding surface is illustrated by the fact that from the basin proper to the basin margin the beds immediately above this surface rest with the same biostratigraphic zones. Therefore, depositional cycles should be dated by using the synchronous surface (maximum flooding surface) rather than the diachronous surface (sequence boundary or transgressive surface) associated with them. Three such maximum flooding events are evident in the Santonian through Maastrichtian strata of the Mississippi Embayment area. They occur in lower Campanian, upper Campanian, and middle Maastrichtian strata.


LOFAR is the first of a new generation of radio telescopes.Rather than using expensive dishes, it forms a distributed sensor network that combines the signals from many thousands of simple antennas. Its revolutionary design allows observations in a frequency range that has hardly been studied before.
 Another novel feature of LOFAR is the elaborate use of software to process data, where traditional telescopes use customized hardware. This dramatically increases flexibility and substantially reduces costs, but the high processing and bandwidth requirements compel the use of a supercomputer. The antenna signals are centrally combined, filtered, optionally beam-formed, and correlated by an IBM Blue Gene/P.
 This paper describes the implementation of the so-called correlator. To meet the real-time requirements, the application is highly optimized, and reaches exceptionally high computational and I/O efficiencies. Additionally, we study the scalability of the system, and show that it scales well beyond the requirements. The optimizations allows us to use only half the planned amount of resources, and process 50% more telescope data, significantly improving the effectiveness of the entire telescope.


Literature on non-nervous system damage caused by acute organophosphate poisoning in recent 10 years was reviewed.The effects of organophosphorus insecticide on heart,liver,kidney and endocrine activity were introduced with emphasis.


Intermittent spray systems that automatically spray only when weeds are present have been commercially available since 1992 and can significantly reduce herbicide usage by 50 to 90% as compared to broadcast applications (2). The Weedseeker (NTech Industries, Ukiah, Calif.) is one such system that utilizes optics to detect the presence of weeds. The system works by exploiting the fact that chlorophyll selectively absorbs red wavebands of light and reflects near-infrared light (1). Each sensor unit has its own built-in light source and a sensor that detects the light reflected back to the unit over a 12-inch-wide field of view. When the sensor detects an increase in the ratio of near-infrared to red light above the base threshold level, a solenoid valve is activated to spray the weed. Although the sensor unit reliably detects the presence of green plants (2), a major drawback with the current design is that it doesn't provide any feedback to the user when one of the spray units is actively spraying. This is problematic, particularly on wide-boom, multi-sensor-unit sprayers since each sensing unit is calibrated independently in the field prior to spraying from the reflectance of the ground surface beneath it whenever the calibration button is pushed. If one of the sensing units is calibrated when the sensor is over a weed, the unit will not detect weeds of similar size or smaller when spraying. Also, because the sensing unit is sensitive to background reflectance, if one of the sensors is calibrated when it is positioned over a spot of ground that is not characteristic of the rest of the field, the unit will "ghost fire" and spray when weeds are not present. Either scenario is undesirable, but likely to occur since recalibration is necessary several times during the day due to changes in ambient light and field conditions. To overcome this problem, a trigger-on indicating device was developed to help the operator determine that the sensor units are operating correctly. The Weedseeker unit has a small LED on the back of the unit that illuminates whenever the unit is spraying. The device developed utilizes a phototransistor to detect when the LED is illuminated and activate a super-bright LED that is visible from the tractor cab (Fig. 1). The circuit designed includes a resistor and a NPN transistor that function to prevent low levels of light from activating the super-bright LED (Fig. 2). All electronic components are encased in a waterproof BUD box and attached to a Weedseeker sensor via Velcro and zip ties (Figs. 1 and 3). An opaque, nontranslucent flexible rubber washer is used to seal the phototransistor from ambient light and dust (Fig. 1). Power is supplied by two 1.5-V, AA batteries. Fig. 1. Trigger-on indicator assembly for Weedseeker sensor unit.


Localization in wireless sensor network is an important issue as GPS is not accessible in an indoor environment. Because coarse accuracy is sufficient for most sensor network applications, solutions in range-free localization are being pursued as a cost-effective alternative to more expensive range-based approaches. In this paper, we present an Accelerometer based Positioning Scheme (APS) for tracking objects in indoor environments. The main idea of the APS is to compute an object's displacement by transforming the information of an accelerometer. Given an original coordinates of an object, the final position could be estimated according to the directional displacement. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, both theoretical validation and simulations were conducted in this study. The simulation results reflect that the APS is a feasible approach in developing indoor localization with low cost and high accuracy.


In order to extract the navigation data fast and accurately,the capture and tracking algorithm to the software-defined GPS receiver is studied in this paper.The frequency-domain parallel serach algorithm based on the FFT is used in the capture algorithm.In the tracking loop,PLL is used for the carrier tracking and non-coherent DLL is used for the code tracking.Tracking the GPS signal rapidly and accurately is implemented successfully.This algorithm has superior performance,it is easy to be implemented on PC.


Nachong is a well-known city in the north of Sichuan Province. Its agriculture has the greatest status in the industrial structures and the general natural economy. But it also faces a series of problems ,especially in the relations among agriculture, economy and environment. This paper estimates its sustainable agriculture with the field agriculture PRESD system and the SPSS analysis .The result shows that the agricultural development is sustainable in general, but the three regions governed by Nanchong have great differences in the four subsystems including agricultural produc Tion, agricultural economical ,ecology environment of agriculture and agricultural society .This paper also provides the theoratical basis for the sustainable agricultural development Nanchong.


Topics on scattering of ultrasonic waves by subsurface cracks, the effects of the edges of samples on eddy-current flaw evaluation, ultrasonic reflection from a stressed interface, ultrasonic signal processing for multilayered NDE, and flaw characterization by power spectrum matching are presented. Consideration is given to modeling of ultrasonic flaw detection, development of an acoustic model for multilayered NDE, ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques for curved surfaces, identification of deformation mechanisms by classification of acoustic emission signals, and analysis of pulsed thermal inspection. In addition, a translucency test, a fast-recovery high-voltage pulser for ultrasonic transducers, and an acoustical holographic/pulse echo pressure vessel imaging system, using computer reconstruction and multi-image integration techniques, are described.


The problem of the determination of response characteristics and quasi-optimal control for nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems by using a multi-criteria linearization technique is presented in this paper. This idea was first introduced in previous author's paper (Socha, 1999a) for a simple dynamic system. In this paper, it is extended, and detailed analysis is given for a nonlinear oscillator with Gaussian external excitations and for a few criteria of statistical linearization. The obtained results are illustrated by a numerical example for Duffing's oscillator.


Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective weight loss option. However, past research has demonstrated that surgery candidates' weight loss goals and expectations are often unrealistic. Previous research has also demonstrated that female patients are more likely to hold unrealistic weight loss goals and expectations, albeit it is unknown whether these beliefs have prognostic significance. The current study examines gender differences in weight loss goals and expectations in terms of pre- and postsurgical program achievement. Methods: At the outset of a 6-month presurgery program, 219 surgery candidates (75.8% female) completed a battery of tests, including objective measures of height and weight and subjective reports of weight loss goals and expectations. Weight outcomes were reassessed regularly, and of the original 219 candidates, weight data were available for 114 candidates at 1 year postsurgery. Results: At program end, 42.2% of female candidates and 45.3% of male candidates had experienced ideal...


In Trust, Francis Fukuyama explains how within a country?s social structures, mutual trust between individuals, social capital, and capitalist economic success go hand in hand, and how crucial they are in the emergence of democracy and collective happiness. This trust, which is closely connected with religious and cultural traditions, would explain why certain countries are more "developed" than others. Fukuyama thus pursues his studies, which are briefly described in The End of History and The Last Man, positing that for the past thirty years, America, which is historically a trusting society, seems to have been threatened from the inside by excessive liberalism, which appears to have exacerbated individualism at the expense of solidarity.


We investigate the effects of sociopolitical change on intergroup contact and social distance attitudes in South Africa, and the effect of these variables on intergroup attitudes and racial policy attitudes. The data come from secondary analysis of surveys conducted between 1991 and 2005, as well as a dedicated survey conducted in 2006. The results reveal widespread racial isolation among Black people; ambivalent attitudes to racial integration among Whites, who support integration in principle but are opposed to it personally; and contrasting outcomes of contact for Blacks and Whites. Increased intergroup contact was associated with reduced stereotyping and increased support for transformation policies among Whites but was associated with increased opposition to transformation policies among Blacks. Contrary to the predictions of contact theory, attitudes of Blacks and Whites toward Coloured and Indian compatriots were generally more negative in provinces with high levels of intergroup contact between these groups.


Postpositivist critics have brought a new stridency to the ongoing discourse about the nature, applications, and usefulness of policy analysis. Regrettably, their critique is based on a decontextualized caricature, virtually a parody, of policy analysis training and practice. Their assertions are chilling but false, ideological rather than analytical, and detached from the inconvenient realities of policy making and management. Far from being narrowly technocratic and scientistic, policy analysis is dedicated to improving the craft of governance. It is fueled by intuition, argument, and ethical promptings; clearly engaged with the world of political action; and often identified with interests and values otherwise unrepresented at the table. Q-methodology and other approaches to values identification and analysis can be important contributors to policy analysis practice, but postpositivists have a very long way to go if they are to be relevant to the practical challenges of democratic governance that arise in the many roles that working policy analysts perform. © 1999 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.


Provided is a method for producing 2-aminoethylmethacrylate hydrochloride that, according to one embodiment, includes a step (A) for reacting a ketimine compound of 2-aminoethylmethacrylate with water and hydrogen chloride and obtaining a mixture containing 2-aminoethylmethacrylate hydrochloride, wherein in the step (A), the ratio of the total amount of hydrogen chloride to the total amount of ketimine compound of 2-aminoethylmethacrylate is 1.0-1.5 expressed in terms of equivalents, and the ratio of the total amount of water to the total amount of ketimine compound of 2-aminoethylmethacrylate is 1.0-2.0 expressed in terms of equivalents.


For many decades the preferred treatment for tumors of the interior of the eye has been enucleation. Recently methods of treatment have aimed at destruction of tumors with preservation of the function of the affected organ. This includes especially partial resection, ionizing radiations, and agents which arrest growth. Schubert in 1925 1 first removed a choroidal tumor through the sclera with retention of the globe. Weve in 1935 2 proposed diathermy coagulation of a choroidal melanoblastoma. Safar in 1935 3,4 reported his special experience with diathermy coagulation of iris and ciliary body tumors. Bangerter in 1954 5 and Friede in 1956 6,7 recommended partial resection of the iris and ciliary body for tumors of these tissues. H. K. Muller in 1959, 8 Flieringa in 1961, 9 and Stallard in 1964 10 similarly described surgical methods for the removal of iris and ciliary body tumors. Indications for the resection of the


Objectives
To review current literature on the use of Tranexamic acid in battlefield trauma to assess its effects on mortality and determine whether or not it should become more widely used in both civilian and military trauma.A subsection was to look at the feasibility of administering Tranexamic acid in a pre-hospital setting to minimise the time between injury and drug administration.

Methods
A search of the literature was performed on a variety of databases using the terms described in table 1. The papers were then reviewed and analysed regarding the effects of the drug in trauma.

Patients
The papers selected reviewed 21,160 patients as detailed in Table 2. These patients were across both military and civilian trauma units.

Outcomes
The main outcomes being examined were the effects on short term mortality at 24 and 48 hours and whether there was any increase in the thromboembolic risk associated with the administration of Tranexamic acid.

Results
The review of the literature showed that Tranexamic acid had a significant effect on improving mortality across the board (17.4% vs 23.9% mortality (p = 0.03)). This was most marked in the more severely injured who had received over 10 units of transfused blood (14.4% vs 28.4% mortality (p = 0.004)).In terms of side effects Tranexamic acid was shown to be safe in large doses, which is key for battlefield administration where there is a tendency to err on the side of overtreating. Interestingly, the risk of thromboembolic events was similar to those not receiving Tranexamic acid.

Conclusions
Tranexamic acid is a very safe and effective means of improving survival when used in combination with current practices involving the use of blood products and surgical interventions. Tranexamic acid can safely be administered in the pre-hospital setting to minimise the delay between injury and treatment. The use of Tranexamic acid should be incorporated into trauma management across the board in the both military and civilian cases particularly in the most severe cases.


The present invention includes a semiconductor memory device including a semiconductor substrate on which a device isolation region and an active region are defined; gate lines formed on the semiconductor substrate in a direction to cross the device isolation region; and a capping film in the device isolation region between the gate lines to define an air gap which is positioned to be higher than the surface of the semiconductor substrate and a manufacturing method for the same. [Reference numerals] (AA) Air gap


The geometrical-optics expansion reduces the problem of solving wave equations to one of the solving transport equations along rays. Here, we consider scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational waves propagating on a curved spacetime in general relativity. We show that each is governed by a wave equation with the same principal part. It follows that: each wave propagates at the speed of light along rays (null generators of hypersurfaces of constant phase); the square of the wave amplitude varies in inverse proportion to the cross-section of the beam; and the polarization is parallel-propagated along the ray (the Skrotskii/Rytov effect). We show that the optical scalars for a beam, and various Newman–Penrose scalars describing a parallel-propagated null tetrad, can be found by solving transport equations in a second-order formulation. Unlike the Sachs equations, this formulation makes it straightforward to find such scalars beyond the first conjugate point of a congruence, where neighboring rays cross, and the scalars diverge. We discuss differential precession across the beam which leads to a modified phase in the geometrical-optics expansion.


Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited disorder caused by depletion of frataxin (FXN), a mitochondrial protein required for iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) biogenesis. Cardiac dysfunction is the main cause of death. Yet pathogenesis, and, more generally, how the heart adapts to FXN loss, remain poorly understood, though are expected to be linked to an energy deficit. We modified a transgenic (TG) mouse model of inducible FXN depletion that permits phenotypic evaluation of the heart at FXN levels < 20% of normal, without heart failure. We investigated substrate-specific bioenergetics and nutrient and stress signaling in the heart, to evaluate how this model responds to FXN depletion. After > 8 weeks with FXN levels < 20% of normal, TG hearts did not display overt hypertrophy and were in fact smaller; global protein translation was lower, while protein degradative pathways were unaltered. Cardiac contractility was maintained, likely due to preserved β -oxidation, though oxidative phosphorylation capacity for pyruvate was lower. Bioenergetics alterations matched mitochondrial proteomics changes, including a non-uniform decrease in abundance of ISC-containing proteins. In parallel, both mTORC1 signaling and the integrated stress response (ISR) were activated. The lack of overt cardiac hypertrophy, consistent with lower global protein translation, suggests that ISR predominated over mTORC1 activation. Suppression of a major ATP demanding process could benefit the FXN-depleted heart, at least short term. Thus, the FXN-depleted heart may enter a protective state, not necessarily linked to a major energy deficit. Finally, we propose the model used here as a pre-clinical model of cardiomyopathy in FRDA.


Scene text recognition is a challenging task due to the diversity in text appearance and complexity of natural scenes. Thanks to the development of deep learning and the large volume of training data, scene text recognition has made impressive progress in recent years. However, recent research on adversarial examples has shown that deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial input with often imperceptible changes. As one of the most practical tasks in computer vision, scene text recognition is also facing huge security risks. To our best knowledge, there has been no work on adversarial attacks against scene text recognition. To investigate its effects on scene text recognition, we make the first attempt to attack the state-of-the-art scene text recognizers, i.e., attention-based recognizers. To that end, we first adjust the objective function designed for non-sequential tasks, such as image classification, semantic segmentation and image retrieval, to the sequential form. We then propose a novel and effective objective function to further reduce the amount of perturbation while achieving a higher attack success rate. Comprehensive experiments on several standard benchmarks clearly demonstrate effective adversarial effects on scene text recognition by the proposed attacks. It is note worthy that while this is harmful for a recognition system, it is highly advantageous for a text-based CAPTCHA system.


An analytical theory is presented for the damping of low-frequency adsorbate vibrations via resonant coupling to the substrate phonons. The system is treated classically, with the substrate modeled as a semi-infinite elastic continuum and the adsorbate overlayer modeled as an array of point masses connected to the surface by harmonic springs. The theory provides a simple expression for the relaxation rate in terms of fundamental parameters of the system: γ = m ¯ ω 20 /A c ρc T , where m is the adsorbate mass, ¯ ω 0 is the measured frequency, A c is the overlayer unit-cell area, and ρ and c T are the substrate mass density and transverse speed of sound, respectively. This expression is strongly coverage dependent, and predicts relaxation rates in excellent quantitative agreement with available experiments. For a half-monolayer of carbon monoxide on the copper (100) surface, the predicted damping rate of in-plane frustrated translations is 0 . 50 × 10 12 s − 1 , as compared to the experimental value of (0 . 43 ± 0 . 07) × 10 12 s − 1 . Furthermore it is shown that, for all coverages presently accessible to experiment, adsorbate motions exhibit collective effects which cannot be treated as stemming from isolated oscillators.


The current approach in Europe, is to breed with horses that have already proven themselves in the sports arena. This applies not only to stallions, but very importantly also to mares. The typical breeding characteristics that I will highlight in this article, are recognised around the world in top equestrian sports arenas.


INTRODUCTIONThe global cost of cybercrime is estimated to be between $375 billion and $575 billion annually1-greater than the 2013 Gross Domestic Product of all but thirty of the world's countries.2 While these costs may appear abstract, they fall on real companies around the world.3 Companies such as Target,4 two unnamed Persian Gulf banks,5 an unnamed U.K. firm, Sony,6 and many others have felt the effects of international cybercrime.7 Even acts of cybercrime that target individuals' personal information cost businesses large sums due to "recovery, or clean-up costs."8 A recent study found that Italy incurred $875 million in "actual hacking losses" but spent nearly ten times that amount-$8.5 billion-in cybercrime recovery costs.9 Though developed countries are often the targets of cybercriminals, the threats facing developing countries will only increase as their economies grow and Internet connectivity increases.10 This is an issue no country can afford to ignore. The current approach to dealing with cybercrime is not enough; something must change.Cybercrime inflicts financial injury on businesses and damages national economies.11 According to Jim Lewis, Senior Fellow and Director of the Strategic Technologies Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS),12 "cyber crime is a tax on innovation and slows the pace of global innovation by reducing the rate of return to innovators and investors."13 Additionally, cybercrime can provide companies with unfair competitive advantages. For example, if Dell, but not Lenovo, were to suffer $100 million in damages due to a cyber attack, Lenovo would have an unfair competitive advantage over Dell.According to Black's Law Dictionary, "a tax imposed on a commodity or transaction," is a tariff or duty.14 When governments allow cybercriminals to operate within their jurisdiction, they are effectively levying a tax and imposing trade barriers that make it more difficult for the victims of cybercrime to compete on the international stage.15 As a result, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is an ideal forum to address trade barriers such as these.This Note will argue that the WTO members should develop an agreement known as the Competitive Fairness and Cybercrime Agreement (CFCA), establishing threshold obligations for countries to eliminate trade barriers imposed by cybercrime. Specifically, the agreement would require the country in which the cybercriminal is found (the Host State) to make a good faith effort to prosecute the individual pursuant to the threshold legislation, or extradite the offender(s) to the country where the victims are located (the Victim State) to face prosecution. If neither of these actions occur, the matter could be brought before the WTO's Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), which could compel compliance and authorize economic retaliation.16 Furthermore, the WTO members should adopt the CFCA because it will deter future cybercrimes, reduce barriers to trade, and compel member states to comply.This Note is divided in to four sections. Section I discusses what constitutes "cybercrime" and the various multinational agreements addressing it. Section II discusses the capacities of states to attribute cybercrime to individuals and successfully prosecute those cases. Section III provides an overview of the structure of the WTO and the DSB, as well as a discussion of one the most controversial WTO agreements, the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).17 Section IV proposes the aforementioned model for a comprehensive, multinational agreement on cybercrime-the CFCA-and explains why the WTO is the proper forum for the CFCA.I. WHAT ISA CYBERCRIME?A. Defining "Cybercrime" in Multinational AgreementsCybercrime is a term that is often used but less frequently defined.18 The Bureau of Justice Statistics describes cybercrimes as crimes involving computers,19 which would include everything from Internet-based crimes to hacking a car. …


In this interview the theme involving education, technologies and neoliberal society is the central point of discussion and reflection. The purpose is to raise questions about the controversial relations between education and technologies in society driven by global capitalism and neoliberalism, and their effects on the production of subjectivities. Dialogue on this theme is very exciting because, when looking from other dimensions (critical and dialectical perspective), it is possible to deconstruct aspects established in academia with points and counterpoints that provide criticism and debate. To deepen this field of knowledge, the teacher Acir Mario Karwoski (A. M. K.) was interviewed, who stands out on the national scene for his legacies and countless scientific productions.


Through sampling from enterprises and culturing in laboratory,the risks of aflatoxins contamination in oil-tea camellia seed and its cake were studied.The results showed that the risk of contamination of aflatoxins was low,when oil-tea camellia seed was harvested in winter and processed in winter and spring.After artificial inoculation and culturing for 7,14 d and 21 d,the contents of aflatoxin B1 in oil-tea camellia seed cake were 1.7,3.6 μg/kg and 9.9 μg/kg,respectively,while they were 2.6,1.8 μg/kg and below the detection limit of 0.2 μg/kg in oil-tea camellia seed kernel,respectively.The results indicated that oil-tea camellia seed could be contaminated by aflatoxins under hot and humid climate conditions.It provided a warning for safe storage and process of oil-tea camellia seed and its cake in high temperature seasons.


We consider a network of initially unsynchronized microphone arrays to be used to capture a meeting which is afterwards transcribed. Beamforming is applied to exploit the spatial diversity of the setup for signal enhancement. We propose and compare two approaches to compute the beamformer coefficients. The first, informed beamforming, localizes speakers and sensors and computes speaker activity information, from which beamformer filter coefficients are derived, while the second, blind beamforming, estimates the beamforming coefficients in an unsupervised manner employing a spatial mixture model. We discuss the pros and cons of the two approaches and experimentally assess their sensitivity to synchronization errors, localization errors, erroneous activity information, etc. Simulations show that the informed beamforming achieves a promising performance as measured by the word error rate of a downstream speech recognizer.


Although there is widespread agreement on the importance of ethics instruction in business education, there is not agreement on the best approach or timing of instruction. This article uses J. O. Prochaska and DiClemente's transtheoretical model of change as the basis for a developmental model of student readiness for learning about ethics. By focusing on student development, the model suggests how to best sequence educational activities in ethics instruction. After introducing the model, it is applied to this specific area. Extensive ideas for practical educational activities are offered connected to each of the four stages of student change.


A 27-year-old male presented to the Emergency Department with the unusual finding of cryogenic injuries to the chest wall after being found by family in the act of inhaling a can of Ultra Duster Industrial Strength Compressed Air Keyboard Cleaner. The patient admitted to inhalational binge abuse and had emptied at least six cans of this product over the past three days. His initial vitals showed a blood pressure of 140/117, a heart rate of 123 and a respiratory rate of 26 with pulse oximetry reading 96% on room air. His ECG was remarkable only for sinus tachycardia. A chest radiograph showed right basilar atelectasis. He was alert and awake with clear lungs and mild tachypnea. Examination of the sub-xiphoid chest wall revealed loss of hair and irregular, shallow slightly tender ulcerations with multiple surrounding erythematous annular patches (Figure 1). Diagnosis: Cryogenic dermal injury secondary to inhalational abuse of compressed air containing 1,1-difluoroethane.


A prototype for a multiplicity detector (NMA) for the E802/E866 collaboration has been tested in the 1993 Au run at the Brookhaven National Laboratories. With the availability of gold beams at the AGS, theoretical predictions have indicated that regions of very high baryon density may have been created in heavy ion collisions. These {open_quote}hot spots{close_quote} may manifest themselves in events of high multiplicity. Present E802 data indicate that for the most central Au-Au collisions, certain events have an unusually high amount of transverse energy. The NMA, in conjunction with a zero degree calorimeter will allow the experiment to trigger on the highest multiplicity central collisions in order to obtain a sample of these events. The full detector will consist of 500 lucite Cerenkov modules surrounding the target. A prototype of 50 modules was installed for the 1993 heavy-ion run. Each module consists of one-third radiation length of lead followed by a 4cm x 4cm x 6cm, piece of waveshifter doped Incite (BC480) and read out by a phototube. Relativistic, charged particles produce Cerenkov light in the lucite. This light is then absorbed and remitted isotopically at longer wavelengths and detected by the phototube. The module is sensitive to charged andmore » neutral pions, giving us a detector that will primarily count produced particles, and suppress the relatively slow target protons. The sensitivity of the module is constant across the face of the module and linear with the number of particles.« less


Madrid et al1 explored the "hidden" mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: children who die after hospital discharge. Their study revealed a postdischarge mortality within the first 90 days after hospital discharge of 3.6%, which is consistent with the results of previous studies.2,3 One-half of the deaths occurred within 30 days of discharge, and >80% of the deaths occurred without families subsequently seeking medical attention in this semirural setting. The authors used demographic and clinical variables collected at the time of hospital admission to derive models that were predictive of postdischarge mortality.

Several models were derived, including those without laboratory variables that would be scalable in resource-limited settings and models used to specifically target postdischarge mortality in infants <3 months of age, when postdischarge mortality is highest. The validation of these models in other resource-limited settings will be crucial. An optimal risk-stratification tool for postdischarge mortality would include variables that were already collected as part of routine care (or low-cost, readily available tests), have high interobserver reliability, and can be used across different pediatric age cohorts. The model would be used to identify children early enough …

Address correspondence to Andrea T. Cruz, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin St, Suite A2210, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: acruz{at}bcm.edu


The present research provides a comparative analysis of contextual factors and academic performance to see which of these factors can predict high or low academic level. Nonexp erimental, cross country, formatted descriptive and analytical survey. Population of 45,161 university students and forced selection of a sample of 6,425 (14%) divided into two groups by performance: group under 1,233 (3%) and high group of 5,192 (11%). Th at predict variables at p <0.05 were: academic history (71.1%), hours spent at work in educational area (69%) eating habits (74%) forms of learning (79%) study habits (63%), the situation socioeconomic (58%) and poor educational facilities (60%). Recommend ations to impact in terminal efficiency. That will allow young people insert prepared and responsible within the economically active society. The present research provides a comparative analysis of contextual factors and academic performance to see which of these factors can predict high or low academic level. Nonexp erimental, cross country, formatted descriptive and analytical survey. Population of 45,161 university students and forced selection of a sample of 6,425 (14%) divided into two groups by performance: group under 1,233 (3%) and high group of 5,192 (11%). Th at predict variables at p <0.05 were: academic history (71.1%), hours spent at work in educational area (69%) eating habits (74%) forms of learning (79%) study habits (63%), the situation socioeconomic (58%) and poor educational facilities (60%). Recommend ations to impact in terminal efficiency. That will allow young people insert prepared and responsible within the economically active society.


The work reports the development of ''preferentially current‐generating'' p+‐n‐n+ silicon solar cells. The distinctive trait of developed devices is their extremely large short‐circuit current density Jsc=38–39.7 mA/cm2, which is the highest value of Jsc reported thus far in the literature for ''back‐surface‐field''‐type cells under AM1 conditions. The conversion efficiency of test cells ranged from 17.1 to 18.15%. The results of this work show clearly that a simple, but adequately designed/processed p+‐n‐n+ cell fabricated in industrial environment on large area (2 in.) silicon wafers could possess parameters similar or superior to those of sophisticated laboratory samples elaborated on small area silicon chips.


Research on authentic leadership and its impact on employees' psychological capital and creativity is almost non-existent In the health sector. To reduce this gap, this paper aims to identify to what extent the perception of authentic leadership and psychological capital influence the creativity of professionals in a large Portuguese hospital. Data were collected on the key concepts of authentic leadership, psychological capital and creativity. via a three-part questionnaire focusing respectively on positive authentic leadership, psychological capital, and demographic and functional data, which was administered to a sample of 61 middle managers in the various hospital services. 22 departments and 183 randomly-selected other employees. Fatorial analysis and structural equation modelling were used to process the results. The results confirmed two of the three hypotheses considered in the study, indicating that while a strong relationship existed both between authentic leadership and psychological capital, and between the latter and creativity, authentic leadership did not directly explain creativity. Our conclusion is that, in organizations providing health services, authentic leadership and psychological capital are phenomena that are interrelated in that they influence professionals' creativity.


In the United States today, particularly in California, the reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) emissions from gas turbines is required by regulation. The control mode most often used is water injection. This method is highly effective compared to other control methods, is the easiest to install, and is the least costly to capitalize. The authors discuss the field application of water injection to 3 to 4 megawatt engines, such as the Allison Model 501-KB and -KB5. It dates back only five years. As a result, reliable data on engine durability and operating experience are just now being developed by the operators of power generation and cogeneration equipment.


Abstract In this paper, we analyze a bulk input Geom[X]/Geom/1 queue with single working vacation. Using the matrix analysis method, highly complicated PGF of the stationary queue size is firstly derived, from which we got the stochastic decomposition result for the PGF of the stationary queue size. It is important that we find the biparameter addition theorems of the conditional negative binomial distribution, with which we find the upper bound and the lower bound of the stationary waiting time in the moment generating function order. Furthermore, we gain the mean queue size and the upper bound and the lower bound of the mean waiting time. Finally, several numerical examples are presented.


In international competition,the low ability of original innovation is the fundamental reason of China's large-scale enterprises lacking the core competitiveness.For the developing countries who is lacking the innovation resources,efficient redistribution of resources is an effective way to enhance large-scale enterprises' innovation capability.Based on the analysis of large-scale enterprises' original innovation,the paper uses system dynamics knowledge to build the large-scale enterprise original innovation's support system.It also lets the model of support system run an empirical simulation.And it finds that: in the support system,the reasonable redistribution of government investment can make a significant original capacity enhancement of the large-scale enterprises.


With time development,the value of the vicarious responsibility in Anglo-American law system and the employer's responsibility in Chinese law system increases the burden of employer's responsibility,which can protect the innocent victim effectively.Adapting to the current situations and trends,the traditional employ relationship had been explained extensively in principles theory and practice of the two fundamental laws,which broke through original meaning and made the vicarious responsibility or the employer's responsibility develop the user's responsibility inevitably.


Nano-silica powder is applied in many products of all kinds of lines.In this paper,the qualities and applications of nano-silica are introduced.The preparation methods and the characters are summarized and the development trend of preparation technologies of nano-silica is forcasted.


Abstract A glucosamine-P isomerase has been identified in Proteus mirabilis. The 113-fold purified enzyme exhibits a pH optimum of 7.5 with a secondary maximum at 8.5 and a temperature optimum at 37 °C. The apparent Km was 13.3 mᴍ for fructose-6-P and 18.8 mᴍ for ʟ-glutamine. Molecular weight of the enzyme has been estimated as 120000 and the protein can be dissociated in four subunits by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis.


Abstract We present investigations of the fractal behaviour of magneto-conductance fluctuations in semiconductor billiards as a function of temperature. The introduction of finite phase coherence by nonzero temperatures is found not to suppress fractal behaviour in the experimental data. Instead, we show that the fractal dimension decreases with increasing temperature and we present a remarkable similarity between the phase coherence time and the fractal dimension.


ABSTRACT. The relationships between breast‐feeding practices and the rates of gastro‐intestinal and lower respiratory illness during the first two years of life were examined for a birth cohort of New Zealand infants. During the first four months, there were significant tendencies for rates of gastro‐intestinal illness to decrease with increasing duration of breast feeding. These trends remained significant when the effects of a number of social and familial factors were taken into account. There was no association between duration of breast‐feeding and rates of gastro‐intestinal illness beyond four months. Prolonged breast‐feeding was associated with significantly lower rates of lower respiratory illness during both the first and second years. However, when the effects of social and familial factors were taken into account the apparent associations between duration of breast‐feeding and rates of lower respiratory illness became non‐significant. The implications of these findings are discussed.


An experiments was conducted in the plots infested with Meloidogyne incognita to evaluate the efficacy of oil cakes (neem and jatropha oil) and bio control agents (Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas flourescens) and Carbofuran 3G. Plant growth parameters, fruit yield, root galling, egg production and final nematode population densities were recorded after 90 days of germination. The experimental results revealed that all the management modules significantly increased the growth of okra plants with decrease number of galls & egg masses per plant, number of eggs per egg mass and nematode population. Soil application of jatropha oil cake @ 1.0 t/ha + seed treatment with T. viride and P. fluorescens, each @ 5g/kg seed + soil application of P. lilacinum @ 2.5kg/ha resulted maximum increase in plant growth with highest reduction in nematode population over check followed by soil application of neem oil cake @ 1.0 t/ha+ seed treatment with T.viride & P.fluorescens, each @ 5g/kg seed + soil application of P.lilacinum@ 2.5kg/ha, which were statistically at par. But soil application of neem oil cake @ 1 t/ha + seed teatment with T. viride & P. fluoroscence @ 5 g each/kg seed + soil application of P. lilacinum @ 2.5 kg/kg having the highest B: C ratio (2.12) among the non chemical management treatments was adjudged as the best promising integrated management module against rootknot nematode.


Abstract This paper briefly reviews some advances and unsolved problems related to the formation of cosmic dust in the evolved environments of AGB stars and supernovae.


«Divineviolence is a form of social violence, aimed at the integration of newly installed rules and regulations, implementation to the society on the basis of the categorical perception, which is based on faith and is carried out by the sacralization of violence. Faith allows designing the perfect future for each individual, creating on the one hand, the illusion of the simplicity, and on the other - the illusion of omnipotence. This forms in the mass consciousness the idea that every problem can be solved by conditions of «correctorders' issue. The main types of faith as the basis of the «divineviolence are: faith in the immutability of the world, and the belief in fair world. Magical and ritual (or ritually symbolic) thinking is a part of «divineviolence. Magical thinking, being a part of «divineviolence in the process of social transformations, actualizes the faith in the possibility and the effectiveness of the changes happening. «Divineviolence is implemented through the magical thinking by choosing convincing interpretation of its necessity. Also it is implemented through the ritual one in the historic moment, when violence goes through the stage of paroxysm (increase of it power to the highest level, which is reflected in total discord, levelling and destruction), due to this the idea of the necessity of peace, order, harmony is being proven to the mass consciousness. «Divineviolence is implemented on the basis of leaderism, when the leader (chief) comes not only as the Fuhrer in its negative connotations as a tyrant, but as a leader of a nation, a prominent military commander, who has supernatural characteristics. Such characteristics are expressed as a strong belief in this by public consciousness. The principles of the implementation of the «divineviolence have a number of common principles with religious cults' activity organization. The basic principle is the association against the enemy. This principle is implemented through the creation and production of an image of a common enemy - Satan, government, «enlightenedpeople of other faiths, and so on. This principle is social in its nature and is based on the desire of individuals to protect their own sense of identity through the division of everyone either to the allies or enemies. One of the tools of the «divineviolence is the setting of a new historical time reference. It is carried out either by the setting of a new chronology or the determination of the sacral event. Its date becomes the conditional starting point of a new stage of development of society.


as being habit forming; or more unusual manifestations of CSA such as the presentation of Munchausen Syndrome-by-Proxy in abused mothers. I particularly welcomed the sections on †̃¿ The family process', †̃¿ The professional network', †̃¿ Inter-professional problems' and †̃¿ The primary therapeutic intervention'. There is an interesting sub-section of this last chapter on working with sexual abusers, surely an area which needs to be urgently addressed. This book is at times repetitive but it is an important book which I can recommend to all those working with sexually abused children.


The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a number portability-based on-line accounting method, a number portability-based on-line accounting device and a number portability-based on-line accounting system. Embodiments of the invention provide the number portability-based on-line accounting method. When a calling party UE (user equipment) in an IMS (information management system) network starts a calling to a called UE, an AS in the IMS network inquires the number portability information which corresponds to the number of the called UE in a NPDB (number portability database) server after receiving an invite message transmitted by a CSCF (call state control function) entity in the IMS network, and transmits the number of the calling UE and the inquired number portability information to an OCS (office communications server) in the IMS network by an initial CCR (channel command register) message, so that the OCS can account and authenticate the calling UE according to the number portability information and the number of the calling UE. According to the method provided by the embodiments of the invention, when the called US changes a contract signing network and subscribes for a NP (network processor) business, the OCS can correctly carry out the accounting and the authenticating on the called UE.


Effective ionic conductivity in a complementary structure is such that has a volume fraction decreases rapidly. Two-pole system, such as a device or an energy storage device have a structure or component that is the boundary region is an electrode or ion that maximizes exposure to the diffusion length or is minimized and ion or electron must be the turning passage. The device comprises a component that can be, or have a reticular mesh screen interface to be increased is a border area. The increased boundary peripheral portion increases the available points for the ion type of reaction. Many different network pattern can be used. The aspect ratio of the network structure can be changed. Such a two-pole device may be made by a variety of methods or procedures. Two-pole apparatus having the structure of the network interface screen may be made to control and optimize the charging and discharging movements. Two-pole device having a porous structure are classified because the diffusion of controlling the reaction movement may be modified may have a better transport properties. Classified porous electrode is linear or can be classified as non-linear. Two-pole device having a perforated structure also provides improved transport properties by eliminating the torsion and decreases the diffusion distance. Two-pole device, network structure, electrolyte, electrode, and collector


When categorical data arise from individuals grouped into families, because of the •withinfamily dependence the conventional methods of inference, which are based on multinomial sampling, will generally be inappropriate, for example in testing simple or complex hypotheses about the unknown cell probabilities. Inequalities for the appropriate chi-squared statistics are derived under very weak assumptions about the nature of the within-family dependence. Cohen (1976) introduced the problem in a demographic context for families of size two, and his results are extended here. The approach used here has something in common with that of Wedderburn (1974) in that one wants to analyze the data without actually having to write down the exact form of the likelihood function. Here only the firstand second-order properties of the distribution are used.


Deciphering the structure–property relations of densified oxide glasses is a problem of longstanding interest. For example, it is important for understanding the fracture mechanism under sharp contact loading as well as fabricating glasses with tunable physical characteristics. Recent advances in both experimental and simulation techniques have prompted research breakthroughs in understanding the response of glasses to high pressure. In this Perspective, we first briefly discuss the facilities for the high-pressure treatment of glasses, including in situ and ex situ investigations. The recent work on pressure-induced structural changes of archetypical oxide glass families (silicates, germanates, borates, aluminates, phosphates) is discussed and compared to the changes in macroscopic properties induced by densification, as densification treatment can be used to produce oxide glasses with improved hardness, stiffness, and toughness. We also discuss the new insights from atomistic simulations combined with topological analysis tools to unravel the densification mechanism of oxide glasses on the medium-range order length scale. Drawing on these recent studies, we clarify how densification treatment has proved to be an important tool to both understand the disordered nature of glasses and tune their physical properties, although many open questions and challenges remain that require further investigations.


This paper analyzes the scenario of international migration in Brazil in the 21st century and brings the results of research on the labor insertion of immigrants in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic in the first months of 2020. Above all, it seeks to subsidize actions and policies focused on this population that has the country as a possible destination, especially those from the Global South. For this purpose, Brazilian administrative records and the results of "The Impacts of the COVID 19 Pandemic on International Migration in Brazil" survey were used, with 2,475 immigrants responding on an online, multilingual platform. The results presented reflect, especially, the labor vulnerability of immigrants that worsens in the face of the pandemic.


The genetic hypothesis states that a daughter will resemble her mother by about 50% in a given trait because she shares, on average, half her genes. We used this trait resemblance in mothers and daughters to determine whether abnormalities in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) or bone size in women with fractures originate in growth or aging. vBMD and volume of the third lumbar vertebra and femoral neck were estimated using posteroanterior (PA) scanning by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Vertebral volume was estimated as (scan area)3/2 and femoral neck volume was π ∗ (width/2)2 ∗ height. vBMD was bone mineral content (BMC)/volume. The data were expressed as age‐specific SD or Z scores (mean ± SEM). Vertebral vBMD was reduced by −0.98 ± 0.14 SD (p < 0.001) in 34 women with vertebral fractures, and by −0.36 ± 0.13 SD (p < 0.05) in their 44 premenopausal daughters. The vBMD deficit in the daughters (relative to age‐matched controls) was no different from one‐half their mothers' deficit (relative to their age‐matched controls). Vertebral volume was reduced in the women with vertebral fractures relative to age‐matched controls (−0.77 ± 0.15 SD; p < 0.001), but not in their daughters (−0.17 ± 0.13 SD, NS). The 31 women with hip fractures and their 41 premenopausal daughters had no deficits in vertebral volume or vBMD. Femoral neck vBMD was reduced in the women with hip fractures (−1.24 ± 0.12 SD; p < 0.001) but not in their daughters (−0.17 ± 0.13 SD, NS). Femoral neck volume was increased by 0.98 ± 0.30 SD (p < 0.05) in women with hip fractures (relative to age‐matched controls) and by 0.54 ± 0.14 SD (p < 0.001) in their daughters (relative to age‐matched controls); that is, about one‐half that of their mothers. We propose that women with vertebral fractures have reduced vertebral vBMD because of, in large part, reduced accrual of bone during growth (because the deficit in their daughters was almost one‐half their mothers' deficit); reduced vertebral volume in women with vertebral fractures is caused by reduced periosteal apposition during aging (because their daughters have no deficit in vertebral volume). Women with hip fractures have reduced vBMD because of age‐related bone loss (because their daughters have no deficit in vBMD) but the increased femoral neck volume is growth related (because their daughters' femoral neck size is increased by one‐half as much). The pathogenesis of bone fragility at the axial and appendicular skeleton is heterogeneous and has its origins in growth and aging.


Incalculable numbers of patients in hospitals as a result of COVID-19 made the screening of heart patients arduous. Patients who need regular heart monitoring were affected the most. Telecardiology is used for regular remote heart monitoring of such patients. However, the resultant huge electrocardiogram (ECG) data obtained through regular monitoring affects available storage space and transmission bandwidth. These signals can take less space if stored or sent in a compressed form. To recover them at the receiver end, they are decompressed. We have combined telecardiology with automatic ECG arrhythmia classification using CNN and proposed an algorithm named TELecardiology using a Deep Convolution Neural Network (TELDCNN). Discrete cosine transform (DCT), 16-bit quantization, and run length encoding (RLE) were used for compression, and a convolution neural network (CNN) was applied for classification. The database was formed by combining real-time signals (taken from a designed ECG device) with an online database from Physionet. Four kinds of databases were considered and classified. The attained compression ratio was 2.56, and the classification accuracies for compressed and decompressed databases were 0.966 and 0.990, respectively. Comparing the classification performance of compressed and decompressed databases shows that the decompressed signals can classify the arrhythmias more appropriately than their compressed-only form, although at the cost of increased computational time.


Abstract Blue light induces in etioplasts of Hordeum seedlings parallel to the formation of chlorophyll an increased synthesis of carotenoids, plastidic benzoquinones and vitamin K1. 1. Blue light induces an enhanced synthesis of β-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin, while the levels of antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin are decreased. 2. In contrast to the etiolated tissue a much higher portion of total plastoquinone-9 (oxidized and reduced form) is formed in blue light than total α-tocopherol (+ α-tocoquinone), and a higher portion of the oxidized quinone forms plastoquinone-9 and α-tocoquinone. 3. The blue-light-induced changes of the isoprenoid lipid synthesis described here are similar to those obtained in continuous far-red light. It is, therefore, suggested that blue light is effective via the blue absorption bands of the phytochrome system. 4. Blue-light-induced greening of etioplasts results in a much higher synthesis rate of chlorophyll a and other isoprenoid thylakoid lipids as compared to red light. This enhancement of thylakoid lipid formation appears to be a special blue light effect.


The invention discloses an NPMS 2000 highway engineering project managing system and method. The NPMS 2000 highway engineering project managing system mainly comprises a system server, a firewall and a terminal user. The NPMS 2000 highway engineering project managing method comprises the steps of project information and participation unit setting, contract section setting, grouping authority managing, user managing and daily business module managing work. According to the NPMS 2000 highway engineering project managing system and method, the information smoothness and resource sharing of all parties in construction are achieved, the engineering construction project integral managing level and the monitoring capability are improved, accurate and timely information necessary for analyzing and decision making is provided for a decision-making layer, data acquiring is direct and convenient, the effectiveness, authenticity and timeliness of management data are improved, the project managing transparency and data security are improved, communication cost is reduced, the project managing experience and the effective data accumulation are achieved, the extensive management mode of project construction is changed, and the purpose that benefits are produced through the advanced managing is actually achieved.


The high of criminal level related to the field of networking, is a threat that is quite dangerous MITM. The perpetrators of this attack use a fake AP (access point) with different gateway settings that are legitimate AP, so this type of attack becomes quite difficult to detect. This is due to the lack of standard operating procedures (SOP) in handling this case. This research was conducted with the aim of making a forensic model based on the analysis stages in the Evil Twin based MITM case using the user side based live forensic method. The results of the forensic investigation in the study resulted in an investigative model of ENFGP (Extended NFGP) which was divided into 10 stages and consisted of 30 completion steps, obtained through the process of testing and implementation methods in the MITM based Evil Twin attack and further testing based on several previous forensic models


A new adaptive evolutionary programming,in which population is encoded by binary and complex-valued,is presented.Two layers chromosomes are arranged to express rule bases.In the first layer,binary gene is used to express the structure of fuzzy rule bases.In the second layer,complex-valued gene is used to determine the parameters of fuzzy rule bases.Adaptive evolutionary programming is used to optimize the structure and parameters simultaneously.The simulation experiments to tap fuzzy rule bases of nonlinear system and fuzzy PID controller automatically are done when prior experience knowledge is unknown.The results demonstrate that the given method is efficient.


Through monitoring the filling period's settlementof the extension line of the 77th provincial highway in Zhejiang, and by using filling height— settlement curves, the critical heightof the rode section is calculated, the influencing law of the hard crust to the critical height and subgrade settlement is analyzed, and the settlement after construction is forecasted by hyperbolamethod.The results showthatthe hard crustcan remarkably decrease the subgrade settlementand asymmetric settlement, and increase the critical height. Taking into account the effect of hard crust,when the subgrade height is less than the critical height, the foundation cannot be treated. At last, the correctness of the conclusions as mentioned above is validated with the engineering practice,which could provide some references for similar projects.


Both fed and unfed rabbit fleas can move relatively slowly upwind towards a host. The speed of movement is too slow for direct host location from more than a few cm. Fleas are strongly attracted to a urine bait, will remain gathered around it, and can move rapidly on to a host when one is present. The attraction is produced by physiologically realistic amounts of urine, little increase being obtained from volumes greater than 15 ml, even over a tenfold range. The range of movement of fleas towards a urine bait obtained in our experiments was greater than 6 m but less than 9 m. The maximum survival time in pasture during summer and autumn was between 14 and 21 days. The attractants are contained in urine and not in faeces, and are not restricted to the urine of rabbits or even of lagomorphs. Strong attraction was obtained towards hare and rat urines, and a low degree of attraction towards dog and human urine. Concentrated homogenates of rabbit anal glands gave low attraction.


The article treats the changes and adaptations that the concepts of Public Sphere and Public Space have suffered in Latin-American world, where the idealization of the State continues to make it more difficult to construct the public sphere. After the economical and socio-political crisis, we attend now to a new situation in which indigene communities reinvent the public space, either as by young urban groups. The author analyses different forms of action in the expression of public space in Bogota, such as institutional programs or human movements, as well as the influence of new technologies to research which new forms of expression appear in the city.


Introduction We report the experience of a district general hospital foot and ankle service, in performing a modified excision arthroplasty and tendon transfer to the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of the lesser toes in both rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid patients. The procedure was carried out on 114 toes, in 58 feet of 55 patients over a 5-year period. Background Historically, partial proximal phalangectomy was complicated by recurrence of the extension deformity. Stainsby (1990) described a technique of 7/8ths phalangectomy, repositioning of the plantar plate, extensor to flexor attachment and K-wire stabilisation to treat dislocated MTP joints of the lesser toes. However, it is recognised that the use of K-wires can be complicated by infection or premature removal. Angel reported the re-routing of the extensor tendon through a drill hole in the metatarsal head for MTP joint instability; this technique was attributed to Nigel Cobb. We have utilised the Stainsby technique and combined it with a Cobb tendon transfer to impart immediate stability to the toe, allowing K-wire fixation to be discarded. Technique Following a percutaneous proximal extensor tenotomy, a radical partial proximal phalangectomy (via a dorsal incision) reduces a dislocated MTP joint and the plantar plate is repositioned beneath a mobilised metatarsal head. A drill hole is then placed in the metatarsal head and the extensor tendon is re-routed from a plantar to dorsal direction. This maintains the reduction of the toe and provides interposition between the cut end of the proximal phalanx and the metatarsal head. Conclusion We believe that this modified combined technique is a reproducible alternative to the Stainsby procedure but, in addition, provides immediate stability of the MTP joint without the need for K-wire fixation.


The possibility of using the new coating technologies in brazing is examined. By depositing one or more layers of filler metals on the joint surfaces, traditionally difficult-to-join materials can be brazed together. Barrier coatings, coatings for dissolution-solidification, and reactive metal coatings (interlayers) are the three different groups of coatings discussed. To control brazing, the optimal amount of coating applied must be determined and the interfacial chemical reactions must be understood, with the characterization of the products that result in the braze metal. Mathematical modeling of brazing using the three types of coatings is performed to describe the transport of chemical elements at the braze interface.


fortunately, we feel that some of these previous models and ideas are presented in an incomplete and sometimes incorrect way. Because the manuscript of Löptien and Dietze (2020) addresses important scientific questions and to ensure that comments based on the knowledge built in our research group are used in a scientifically most productive way, we collectively decided to also respond publicly so that the authors and other interested readers may consider whether to take these into account in future work on this topic.


Studies concerned with adaptation and cultivation of the medicine and economy-based plants consumed in all countries must be conducted in order to determine the appropriate plant species demonstrating higher yield and producing potent metabolite in harmony with agro-ecological conditions of the region. In this context, an adaptation study was carried out to investigate the agricultural and oil yield performance of some medicinally and economically important plants in the northern parts of Turkey. The trials were laid out in the randomized complete block design with three replicates. Plant height (cm), branch number per plant, capsule number per plant, number of umbrella per plant, biological yield (kg/da), seed yield (kg/da), harvest index (%), fixed oil ratio (%), essential oil ratio (%) were examined for each plant. As a result, yield for each plant was as follows: Nigella sativa (96.6 kg/da), Coriandrum sativum (100.35 kg/da), Foeniculum vulgare (77.26 kg/da), Anethum graveolens (93.55 kg/da) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (93.5 kg/da).


Data security and privacy have emerged to become an important issue in various types of applications. Although many cryptographic cyphers are proposed to leverage the issue, they normally suffer from the problems of either requiring large power/bandwidth consumption or employing linear system which is easy to break. To solve the problem of traditional cyphers, we have proposed a new hardware security primitive: recursive inverse function (RIF) designed on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The RIF takes advantage of a pair of inverse functions, building a recursive scheme for message encryption and decryption. The inverse functions are defined as a pair of functions where each function implements a mapping being inverse to the mapping of the other function. On the top of it, the recursive structure guarantees the input-output mapping to be statistically extremely hard to predict. The RIF can be easily implemented using hierarchical lookup-table (LUT) structures with low delay and power overhead. Using our proposed RIF structure, we have demonstrated how the RIF can be incorporated into a processor design to enable the data protection. Finally, we implement our scheme on a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA device to analyze the performance and the overhead.


Menopause is an important period in a woman's life (1,2). In this stage, menstruation ceases permanently due to a loss of ovarian follicular activities. In addition, it is a transition period between two stages of women's life (3). According to the definition of the World Health Organization, menopause is the normal stage in women's lives, which is related to the transition between fertility and non-reproductive periods (4). The average age of menopause is 51 years across the world while the increased life expectancy causes that onethird of the women's lives occurs during the menopause. Further, the average menopause age of the Iranian women is 48.1 years, which is lower than that of the developed countries (5,6). During the early menopause transition, women may go through hormone-related physical changes including hot flashes, sleeplessness, irritability, mood swinging, depression, and anxiety (7,8). Furthermore, women's health may decrease during this period due to the hormonal changes and the aging process. Additionally, muscle atrophy, changes in the bone structure, anxiety, and depression can lead to physical, psychological, and social problems in this period and thus affect their quality of life (9,10). Women's health is of great importance since they include half of a country's population. In addition, women encounter further hygiene-related issues since women age more than men (11). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as the complete physical, psychological, and social well-being while not merely the absence of the disease. Therefore, the woman's health depends on complex interactions between biological, hygienic behavioral and historical, social, economic, and political aspects of her life (12). Iranian women similar to women in other developing countries experience physical deficiencies, along with physiological and mental traumas (13). The symptoms of menopause are closely associated with women's quality of life during menopause. In fact, it can affect their physiological, psychological, and social aspects (14). Exploring the status of Indian women with menopause, Abstract Objectives: Health promotion leads to a higher quality of life among women. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between menopausal symptoms and general health among women with menopause. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, 600 postpartum women in Ahvaz, Iran were selected and recruited using the randomized cluster sampling method during 2013-2014. The data were collected by the women's demographic characteristics instrument, as well as the Goldenberg's and menopausal symptoms questionnaires. In addition, descriptive statistics and logistic regression were employed for data analysis by the SPSS software, version 19. The statistical tests were performed at 95% confidence interval. Results: As regards the menopausal symptoms, sleep disorders (39%), myalgia (42.7%), and hot flashes (32.5%) were reported as moderate, severe, and very severe, respectively. Further, 50.2% of the participants had impaired general health. Finally, job, hot flashes, sleep disorders, myalgia, depression, and aggressiveness were associated with general health (P<0.05). Conclusions: In general, there is a need to improve public health and reduce menopausal symptoms among postmenopausal women since menopause is changed to a crisis in a woman's life.


An experimental panoramic camera has been breadboarded which generates film strips side by side, diagonally across a 91/2-inch film web. Both scanning optics and film move continuously and no clamping mechanism or vacuum platen is required. This enables the camera to operate at over 10 frames per second. Other advantages are convenient stereoscopic viewing, and the use of much smaller film spools than for similar coverage of a conventional panoramic camera.


ABSTRACT Laser desorption ionization is used to characterize the products of an aerosol reaction in real time. Sodium chloride aerosols are mixed with vapor phase ammonia and nitric acid to produce an ammonium nitrate surface layer. The product aerosols are sampled directly into a mass spectrometer where the surface and total compositions are distinguished by laser desorption ionization. With a low laser irradiance, only material near the particle surface is desorbed and ionized. In this case, the mass spectra are independent of the amount of ammonium nitrate deposited, and simply indicate a nitrate-enriched surface layer. With a higher laser irradiance, both the surface layer and core are ablated. The relative intensities of ions originating from the surface layer and core reflect the total composition. That is, the relative intensities of ions produced from the ammonium nitrate surface layer increase with increasing surface layer thickness. The laser irradiance dependences of the mass spectra allow the ...


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Community-acquired pneumonia is a frequent cause of hospitalization in the United States. For the organisms most frequently encountered, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and the atypical organisms, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella species, there fortunately are several treatment options available. Using decision analysis techniques, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing intravenous monotherapy with either levofloxacin or azithromycin against the frequently used combination of cefuroxime plus erythromycin. When considering drug acquisition costs only, levofloxacin was the most expensive of the three regimens ($126 vs. $80 and $83 for azithromycin and ce-furoxime/erythromycin, respectively). When the costs of supplies and administration, adverse drug events, and treatment failures were included in the analysis, levofloxacin and azithromycin were found to be similar in cost per pneumonia cure ($208 vs. $228). Under all plausible scenarios, these newer agents, when used as monotherapy, were more cost-effective than the cefuroxime/erythromycin combination.


ABSTRACT Sexual murderers are often presented as a specific type of sex offender. Although never empirically tested, several theoretical models of sexual homicide have suggested that the origin of this crime could be found in the development of these offenders. The aim of the study is to review the developmental factors associated to sexual homicide. Moreover, the review presents specifically the developmental factors that have been shown to distinguish sex offenders who kill and those who do not kill. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to possible interventions with these offenders.


The solenoidal lens betatron uses a series of solenoidal lenses arranged around a race-track shaped drift-tube to provide strong transverse focusing for a high-current electron ring. Equilibrium behavior of the circulating beam is examined for parameters close to those of the University of New Mexico machine currently under construction. The tolerance of the beam to mismatches in the toroidal and vertical fields is evaluated analytically and using a particle simulation code. The linear and nonlinear development of the negative-mass instability in the device is also studied. Stability behavior comparable to that in a conventional betatron (i.e., one with no toroidal magnetic field) is found. Growth rates are compared to those obtained from an analytic model.


In this article, the author illuminates in a first person narrative the emotional involvement of coping from day to day with the stigma and sensory limitation of hearing impairment. By describing a personal experience of a stigma, the work moves beyond Goffman's perspective of feeling rules and impression management to convey how people actually feel in social situations. Although Goffman was able to identify the underlying motives behind impression management, he was not able to capture the experience of stigma as an insider. The purpose here is to show the social process of living with a stigma, and to encourage others to tell their stories and contribute to a better understanding of lived experience.


Act 1 – prequel: From the first European settlement to the formation of the Australian Entomological Society, much of Australian entomology was driven by the need to understand and manage a raft of indigenous and invasive pest insect species. This very applied imperative influenced how people approached ecology, which tended to be very much autecological: species focused questions addressing the distribution and abundance of the organism. Not surprisingly that applied focus continued after the formation of the society in 1964, which marks the beginning of Act 2 – The last 50 years. Here I focus in part on what has been published in the flagship journal of the society since its inception and analyse the trends that are evident. The emphasis on basic biology is reflected in the publication trends in the society's journal. I use some of the key native and imported pests – locusts, Helicoverpa, Queensland fruit flies, sugar cane‐feeding scarabs, diamondback moth – to illustrate how ecological thinking has developed. There were some Australian giants in the field of population ecology, and their public disagreements continue to reverberate. But there have been many notable contributions by lesser mortals, if only students and their mentors would read and cite appropriately! One can only allude to the encore, or Act 3 – the sequel or the next 25–50 years. The thinking of Australian entomologists continues to be at the forefront of spatial ecology, perhaps reflecting the scale at which fieldwork is undertaken in Australia. Other younger members of the society will no doubt write the epitaph and obituaries of the current crop of researchers and judge their contributions accordingly.


Regioselective bromination of alkylated bi-and ter-thiophenes affords key building blocks for the synthesis of higher, isomerically pure alkyl oligothiophenes. For all new compounds, unequivocal structural assignment is based on a detailed analysis of the fully coupled 13C, 1H NMR spectra.


Abstract Introduction: A 51-year-old man with neurogenic bladder secondary to spina bifida had been managed with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) his entire life. The patient subacutely dev...


Absolute ginger oil was extracted from ginger with supercritical carbon dioxide.The optimum process conditions are extraction pressure 24.0 MPa,temperature 50 ℃,particle size of dry ginger 60 sieve mesh,CO_2 flow rate 20 m~3·h~(-1)and extraction time 2 h.Compared with conventional procedure,this procedure gives higher yield(about 2.74%) and better aroma,quality of the product conforming to the national standard entirely.Based on these data,a semipilot plant was designed and got satisfactory result.


: The contentious public debates about Islam in Scandinavia may to some extent be characterized as an entrenched conflict, upheld by stereotypical framings and fixed rhetorical positions. This case study examines public service media ' s ability to facilitate public debates that move beyond such ingrained positions. Through interviews with key professionals behind the TV documentary Rebellion from the Ghetto , we examine the strategies for generating public debate about cultural and religious problems.We furthermore analyse online and offline debates, with particular focus on the inclusion of minority voices and how framings of religion enter and influence the discussion. By consciously downplaying the role of ' religion ' and framing conflicts in terms of personal experiences and universal themes, the documentary managed to set the scene for a debate in which young Muslims ' various experiences were given authority, thereby allow-ing the debate to transcend the usual ' us – them ' , ' majority – minority ' framing of these issues. [The directors] were casting and talking to people, and in their ' fieldwork ' they could see there were softer values and some themes that would be relevant for a larger group of people, namely who you can partner up with in your love life. As directors of the documentary, they were very clear on this. It ' s of no use if we make another ' us versus them ' story with this violent image of immigrant culture. It ' s important that we make a film where they [the ethnic minority youth] can recognize themselves and that at the same time gives insight for Danish-Danish viewers.You might say we changed what we ' d originally been asked to pro-duce along the way.


Due to the frequently changing working conditions and complex operating environment of electric vehicle permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM), the motor parameters change dramatically. However, the performance of the PI current regulator, which is the most widely used, is sensitive to motor parameters and has weak robustness, which will lead to the deterioration of motor control system performance. To address this problem, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technology is applied to the PMSM current loop control. Firstly, the traditional ADRC current regulator is designed, and the performance and parameter tuning laws of the extended state observer are analyzed by the method of frequency domain analysis. Then, the traditional ADRC algorithm is improved in three aspects: observation error compensation, utilization of model information and anti-windup. After that, simulations and bench test validation are performed. The simulation results show that the improved ADRC current regulator is more robust in the face of parameter changes. The torque step test results show that the improved ADRC current regulator has fast dynamic response without overshoot and has high robustness when the motor parameters change. The dynamic test results show that the improved ADRC current regulator has high robustness when the load, speed and motor parameters change, and the anti-windup measures designed can effectively overcome the integral saturation phenomenon.


The objective of this study was to verify the use of y-intercept from the critical velocity model in the evaluation of the anaerobic fitness and prediction of maximal performance in trained swimmers in crawl style. Fourteen swimmers with ages ranging from 15 to 18 years participated in this study. The athletes performed the tied swimming test, maximal performances tests and critical velocity (CV) for the determination of anaerobic swimming capacity (AWC). 1) The tied swimming test was applied through maximal effort during 30 seconds fixed to the equipment with load cells for the measurement of the peak force, anaerobic fitness and peak lactate. 2) The subjects also performed maximal performances at distances of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 600 meters with two hours interval between each swim. 3) AWC at CV model was determined utilizing all possible combinations by maximal performances applying the distance-time linear regression model. The AWC value obtained was of 25.07 ± 4.22 m, with linear regression coefficient between 0.99 and 1.00, and linear coefficient error of 19.30 ± 5.9%. AWC was not correlated with all maximal performances, peak force (227.81 ± 63.02 N), anaerobic fitness (85.55 ± 13.05 N), and peak lactate (6.80 ± 1.08 mM). However, the anaerobic fitness was correlated with all maximal performances. Thus, it was concluded that the AWC obtained by y-intercept of the distance/time of swim relation does not seem to be a good parameter for the anaerobic fitness evaluation neither to predict the maximal performances between 100 and 600 meters in crawl style.


In my paper, enforcing of the unnatural power flow in a transmission grid can be controlled by using Unified power flow control (UPFC) to sustain the maximizing power. In the UPFC the direct power is valuable control technique. The direct flow control can be used with any topology of voltage source converter. For series multi level converter non ideal transformers and load. While comparing other controllers we can obtain the better response under balanced and unbalanced conditions. Simulation and experimental results of a full three-phase model with non-ideal transformers, series multilevel converter, and load confirm minimal control delay, no overshoot, no cross coupling. In this paper, the direct power control is demonstrated in detail for a third-level neutral point clamped converter.


In order to improve survival rate of patients suffering from sudden cardiac arrest, it is very important to develop high accurate and quick recognition algorithm for shockable electrocardiogram (ECG). In this paper, we propose a new ECG recognition algorithm based on some features which are derived by analyzing ECG signals via wavelet transform, and evaluate useful feature parameters by a feature selection approach.


As a natural ion-exchanger and adsorbent,peat can be used for many pollutants in wastewater treatment,it is a removal of medium with good performance and low price.The research and practical application of peat in wastewater treatment in recent years were summarized,the adsorption mechanism of natural peat and modified peat for treating wastewater were introduced,and the further development of this water purification technology was forecasted.


Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (referred to herein as DPP-IV), which can be 98.5 to 100% pure, are such as tablets and capsules having the desired hardness, disintegration ability and acceptable dissolution properties, A high dose drug that can be directly compressed with certain excipients into a solid dosage form. DPP-IV is not inherently compressible and therefore formulation issues exist. Excipients used in the formulation enhance the flow and compression properties of the drug and tablet mixture. Optimum fluidity contributes to uniform mold filling and weight control. The binder used provides sufficient cohesion for DPP-IV to be compressed using a direct compression method. The tablets produced provide an acceptable in vitro dissolution profile.


The enantioselectivity of the autocatalytic alkylation of 2-tert-butylpyrimidyl-5-carbaldehyde, initiated by chiral crystals of N-(2-thienylcarbonyl)glycine, is predicted computationally. The results are in accord with the correlation of the stereochemical outcome of the reaction and the absolute structure of the crystals determined by the anomalous dispersion of X-rays and circular dichroism spectroscopy.


We administered the 18‐item Recalled Childhood Gender Questionnaire‐Revised (RCGQ‐R), female version, to 147 adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) representing three different degrees of prenatal androgenization due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency and to non‐CAH controls. A principal components analysis generated 3 components accounting for 46%, 9%, and 6% of the variance, respectively. Corresponding unit‐weighted scales (high scores = feminine) were labeled Gender Role (13 items; Cronbach α = .91), Physical Activity (3 items; a = .64), and Cross‐Gender Desire (2 items; α = .47). Discriminant validity was demonstrated in terms of highly significant comparisons across the 4 groups. We concluded that the first 2 RCGQ‐R scales show good psychometric qualities, but that the third scale needs to be evaluated further in a sample that includes women with gender identity disorder.


Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) make the creation of new types of protective layers possible, concerning corrosion, with which ecologically damaged procedures would be replaced for the protection of metal constructions from corrosion. Self-assembling is a spontaneous process which is developed by submerging of suitable metal substract into the melt with surface organic active substance, which is absorbed and self-assembled, forming a highly decorated moleculary monolayer. Selfassembled monolayers are very suitable system for exploration of inter-phased process, relations between constructions and junctures, they are highly-technologically used as sensors, biosensorss, biomembranes and as protective layers. In this work, the copper surface is modificated with 1-dodecanethiol of self-assembled monolayers. Characterisation of surface is done by using cyclic voltammetry and contact-angle method.


Objective:To establish fibroblasts stably expressing human cementum protein 1(hrCEMP1).Methods: Eukaryotic ex-pression vector pcDNA3.1-hrCEMP1 was transduced into NIH3T3 cells using SofastTM,and stably transfecting cell line was selected by G418.The transcription of hrCEMP1 in the transfecting cells was determined by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results: hrCEMP1 mRNA was transcripted and expressed in the transfected NIH3T3 cells.Conclusion:With positive compound transfection,outside hrCEMP1 gene can be successfully transducted and expressed in NIH3T3 cells,which is the founda-tion of researching the induction of hrCEMP-1 on fibroblast cells.


Introduction: In this phase II study, patients with stage IIIB/IV non–small-cell lung cancer were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive LY293111 (200 mg twice daily [200 LY293111] or 600 mg twice daily [600 LY293111]) or placebo for 7 days, followed by concurrent cisplatin (75 mg/m2; day 1) and gemcitabine (1250 mg/m2; days 1 and 8), every 21 days.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, (PFS), with 75% power to detect 33% improvement compared with placebo (5 months). Methods: Of 200 randomized patients, 195 were treated. Demographics were well balanced across treatment arms: 65% of the patients were men; median age was 62 years; 85% had stage IV disease; and patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 (36%) or 1 (64%). Results: The most frequent study drug–related toxicities were nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Response rates were similar across treatment arms (200 LY293111: 20%; 600 LY293111: 25%; placebo: 31%). Conclusions: Median PFS (95% confidence interval) was not significantly different across treatment arms (200 LY293111: 4.6 months [3.2–5.0]; 600 LY293111: 5.6 months [4.1–6.8]; placebo: 6.0 months [5.2–7.5]). LY293111 combined with gemcitabine-cisplatin did not increase median PFS compared with placebo plus gemcitabine-cisplatin in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer.


Point to QH-200 grates which amounted in motion Lab of our department,the paper offered the four times the frequency of circuit made of four integrated type monostable circuit which can improve the accuracy of grate.The article introduced the design principle and the diagram of hardware circuit.At the same time,for check the effect of the circuit,offered the program for two phases square-wave signal generator,which was made up of 89C51 controller.


Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) land surface albedo (LSA) product is one of the routinely generated VIIRS environmental data records (EDR). A direct estimation approach based on radiative transfer simulation was developed to directly estimate instantaneous LSA value from VIIRS clear-sky top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. Comprehensive validations and evaluations were performed by comparing VIIRS LSA retrieval with ground measurements, MODIS 16-day mean albedo product, and Landsat high-resolution albedo estimation. Recently, an algorithm framework was also developed to produce a new gridded and temporal-filtered VIIRS LSA product, which is expected to provide spatially and temporally continuous LSA map with improved accuracy, and facilitate the analysis and application of global LSA data.