Membranes processes, in particular, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, represent an important alternative for treatment of contaminated waters. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the removal of the carbamates: carbaryl, carbofuran and methomyl at different concentrations from water fortified with these compounds. A pilot nanofiltration unit, operating in the tangential flow, provided with a membrane in the spiral configuration, Model NF90-4040 (Dow Filmtec Membranes) was used. Two types of fortified water with carbamates were performed: distilled water and pond water. Nanofiltration tests with distilled water were performed in a closed system, in order to maintain a constant concentration of carbamates in the feed water. In this case, the efficiency of carbamates removal was greater or equal than 89, 100 and 74% for carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl, respectively. When using pond water, the removal of carbamates was higher or equal: 98, 100 and 90% for carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl, respectively. The results indicate that by nanofiltration, it is possible to obtain drinking water from the contaminated water with carbamates, according to international guidelines.


This is a retrospective account of the development of a conceptual framework for sport coaching. The framework comprises an extensive and comprehensive set of constructs and relationships that form a basis for discourse and the conduct of research, education and development. The origins of the framework are identified, within an academic field of study that was under-theorised, under-resourced and displayed ill-defined concepts. The incremental development of the framework is situated within the understanding of coaching concepts at that time. Key features of this conceptual framework are described in detail and their insinuation into the literature illustrated. An analysis of later publications demonstrates how these concepts have been further elaborated in response to a maturing field of study. Attention is drawn to the sport coaching construct as a family of roles, identification of core functions, and the contextual particularity of coaching practice and expertise. The account concludes that key conce...


Bipyridyl thorium metallocenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2Th(bipy) (1) and [η5-1,3-(Me3C)2C5H3]2Th(bipy) (2) have been investigated by magnetic susceptibility and computational studies. The magnetic susceptibility data reveal that 1 and 2 are not diamagnetic, but they behave as temperature independent paramagnets (TIPs). To rationalize this observation, density functional theory (DFT) and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations have been undertaken, which indicated that Cp′2Th(bipy) has indeed a Th(IV)(bipy2−) ground state (f0d0π*2, S = 0), but the open-shell singlet (f0d1π*1, S = 0) (almost degenerate with its triplet congener) is only 9.2 kcal mol−1 higher in energy. Complexes 1 and 2 react cleanly with Ph2CS to give [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2Th[(bipy)(SCPh2)] (3) and [η5-1,3-(Me3C)2C5H3]2Th[(bipy)(SCPh2)] (4), respectively, in quantitative conversions. Since no intermediates were observed experimentally, this reaction was also studied computationally. Whereas coordination of Ph2CS to 2 in its S = 0 ground state is not possible, Ph2CS can coordinate to 2 in its triplet state (S = 1) upon which a single electron transfer (SET) from the (bipy2−) fragment to Ph2CS followed by C–C coupling takes place.


The preferentially (h0l)-oriented beta zeolite membrane was prepared on the porous α-Al2O3 support by secondary growth of a beta seed layer in the absence of organic templates.


PURPOSE: To provide a cursor controller provided with an optomechanical sensor without the need of the matching of an LED and a photodetector. CONSTITUTION: A ball 60 engaged with one or more shaft encoders 80A and 80B is provided, the respective shaft encoders 80A and 80B are provided with an encoder wheel and further, this pointing device provided with a monolithic optical sensing array for detecting optical pulses for indicating the rotary movement of the ball 60 is provided. The optical sensing array supplies plural resolutions and accurately tracks the rotary movement of the ball 60 without the need of masking. A comparator and a latch means are operated based on the output of the array and digital hysteresis is supplied.


In our study the total production of the crop residues (CR) in Punjab state estimated by crop-to-residue ratio (CRR) method came out to be about 50.67 million tonnes (Mt) during 2013–14. Sangrur district had maximum contribution oj 9.52 per cent to the CR while it was the lowest being 0.92 per cent jor Pathankot. On an average, the CR produced was estimated to be 22.98 Mt, 2.5 Mt, l. HMt, 0.72 Mt in respect of paddy, cotton, maize, and sugarcane while it was 23.08 Mt, 7.4 thousand tonnes(tt), 44.9 tt, 2.6 tt and about one ttfor wheat, sarson, sunflower, gram and masoor respectively. Of the CR, about 71 per cent is mostly used for domestic purposes. Power generation potential from surplus crop residue came out to be about 1194 MWper year in the state and main crop residue potential districts were Sangrur (9.69 per cent), Ludhiana (8.19per cent), Bathinda (7.73per cent), Patiala (7.07%) and Ferozpur (6.04%). Among various efforts made by Punjab government to protect environment from pollution, one of the major steps is to stop crop residue burning as still Punjab is not free from this menace. If the residue from the crops is managed scientifically and used as a conventional source of energy it will go a long way to save the fossil fuel, coal, wood, precious foreign exchange, create additional employment, Besides, this will also add to the income of farmers from the by-product generated. Thus, for efficient management of the crop residues, there is a need to create awareness among the farming communities about the importance and efficient utilisation of this valuable natural resource.


The Master of Science program Communications Technology builds upon prior knowledge, which you should have acquired at the courses you have taken at your Bachelor studies. In order to assess your prior knowledge and to judge by yourself whether you are familiar with the background material required and presume at the Communications Technology program, please carefully work through the following questions. Basic Calculus 1) What are complex numbers? Why and when are they required? Give the rules for computing (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) with complex numbers! 2) Write down Euler's formula! Describe the Cartesian form and the polar form of complex numbers! How can both forms be converted into each other? 3) What are absolute value (magnitude) and argument (phase) of a complex number? 4) Differentiate (w.r.t. the variable t; c ∈ R; j 2 = −1) the following functions: f (t) = c, f (t) = t 2 , f (t) = cos(ct), f (t) = e t , f (t) = e jct 5) Integrate (w.r.t. the variable t; c ∈ R; j 2 = −1) the following functions: f (t) = c, f (t) = t 2 , f (t) = cos(ct), f (t) = e jct , f (t) = 1, |t| < 1/2 0, else 6) How is the product of a matrix with a vector defined? Which requirements do both quantities have to fulfill, such that the product exists? 7) How is the scalar product of vectors defined? How is the cross product between two vectors defined? 8) What is the Euclidean norm of a vector? 9) Let a basis, i.e., a set of vectors spanning a space, be given. How can we calculate an orthonormal basis from the given one? 10) Explain the meaning of eigenvalues and eigenvectors! How are they calculated given a (square) matrix? 11) What is the meaning of curl, div, and grad ? Express them in Cartesian, polar, and cylindrical coordinates!


Abstract The past 20 years have witnessed an explosion in research in the area of stable carbenes. From laboratory curiosities, they have emerged as a front-line alternative to phosphines in metal catalysis. The range of reactivity that they enable in organocatalysis, much of it through their capability to render functional groups umpolung, is enviable. Of course, their unique properties enable them to outperform both phosphines and more traditional Lewis bases in specific transformations. This Cluster assembles leaders in the field that provide a brief introduction to the unique chemistry afforded by these species.


In this paper, we present an overview of averaging-kernel computations from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Version 5 product retrieval software. Temperature and moisture retrievals form the focus of this paper; however, some results for all other retrieved gas amounts are presented. The theory and methodology required to utilize the averaging kernels for comparison of AIRS retrievals with correlative measurements are given. The averaging kernels are used to transform correlative measurements to AIRS effective resolution and are used to assess and derive the vertical resolution of Version 5 temperature and moisture retrievals in different atmospheric conditions. We find that depending on the scene, AIRS Version 5 tropospheric temperature (moisture) retrieval resolution, which is as determined by the full-width at half-maximum of the averaging kernels, ranges between 2.5 km (2.7 km) near the surface and 7.1 km (4.3 km) near the tropopause.


: Understanding the fate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) sourced from land-based runoff is an important element in the development of strategies for managing water quality on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Direct measurement of the generation and transport of DIN from the landscape is impractical at large scale so most of the burden is deferred to water quality models (WQMs) that simulate catchment processes. Although WQMs are subject to uncertainty as most environmental models are, until recently WQMs designed to quantify nutrient, sediment and pesticide loads being discharged into the GBR lagoon have been deterministically calibrated with no reference to uncertainty. To properly assess the reliability and performance of WQMs they must be able to produce probabilistic predictions that correctly represent model uncertainty and Bayesian inference is an appealing framework for achieving this. Although the principles of Bayesian inference can be succinctly expressed as Bayes' theorem, 𝑓(M,  |d) ∝ 𝑓(d|M,  )𝑓(M,  ) , where M represents the model parameters,  are parameters of the likelihood probability density function (pdf) and d some measured data, its application for WQMs can be challenging. In all but the most trivial cases, there is no practical way of symbolically deriving the posterior 𝑓(M,  |d) . In the absence of an analytical representation of the posterior, one may resort to Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods for sampling from the posterior. Although these stochastic processes are a tour de force that can yield high quality results, they require a large number of model evaluations to converge to an equilibrated solution. Iterative ensemble Kalman inversion (IEKI) encompasses a family of algorithms, such as the ensemble randomized maximum likelihood method and ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilations that offer an efficient method for gradually propagating error statistics via an ensemble of model outputs to connect samples from the prior to an ensemble of posterior samples. The major advantage of these schemes is that they consume a fraction of the model evaluations that would be required otherwise and scale favorably with the dimensionality of the inverse problem. A major drawback of the ensemble methods in the current context is that in their formulation, they require that the likelihood 𝑓(d|M,  ) is Gaussian and that the covariance,  , is known. Unfortunately, measurement error statistics for water quality measurements used to inform the WQM calibration are difficult to derive and quite often unavailable. On the other hand, MCMC and SMC methods can infer the parametric likelihood given the data. The authors recently introduced the component-wise IEKI (CW-IEKI) which hybridizes MCMC and IEKI by iteratively updating the model parameters, M , using an ensemble step followed by an MCMC step to adjust the likelihood parameters,  . Since the MCMC step requires no further model evaluations, the algorithm offers efficiency comparable with conventional ensemble methods with the added benefit of likelihood parameter inference. This paper presents the application of the CW-IEKI method to the problem of identifying parameters of a catchment scale DIN model. The results are discussed and found to compare satisfactorily to SMC on a number of model performance metrics.


Despite the almost universal adoption of Response to Intervention (RTI) in school districts across the United States, recent research report feelings of inadequacy on the part of general education (GE) teachers. In this study, the authors conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine research focusing on the teaching, learning, implementation, and evaluation of RTI in GE teacher preparation during the last decade (2003–2013). A total of 10 publications were identified through electronic and hand searches. Results reveal a longstanding gap in the literature on how GE preservice teachers can understand and apply RTI in their classrooms. More studies and recommendations are needed to help GE preservice and in-service teachers use RTI effectively with struggling students.


Domino reactions of o-haloaryl carbodiimides with active methylene compounds allow the synthesis of a wide variety of 2-alkyl and 2-alkenyl benzimidazole derivatives.


Abstract This article argues that intersectional pedagogies are one way to capture the experiences of Queers of Color, specifically in higher education classrooms. Using critical pedagogies and critical race theory in education, the author makes the case for the need to intentionally center race and sexuality within pedagogical approaches and curriculum, what they call "Queer Critical Race Pedagogy." Using autoethnography, the author reflects on three pedagogical practices that center race and sexuality and finds that employing a QCRP is critical because the representation of Queers of Color in the classroom, course materials, and as historical actors are significant to disrupt erasure and silence in curriculum. The author concludes that QCRP can lead students of diverse backgrounds to commit to social change.


The growth, development, and root disease of strawberry under continuous cropping were studied through greenhouse trials. The results showed that after being planted year after year in the same field, the growth and development of strawberry were depressed. Plant height was shorter, leaves became less, root biomass and canopy were smaller, development period was delayed, and yield was reduced. At the same time resistance of roots was weakened and root diseases became serious. The disease index after two years continuous cropping treatment was higher than that of first-planting treatment after beginning, and it became 2.2 times as high in the middle of the whole period. In the end of growth period, the rate of plant death and yield decreased following two years continuous cropping treatment were 40.9 per cent and 50.1 per cent respectively.


Considering the characteristics of vector control system, a speed controller based on fuzzy logic is presented in this paper. Using the fuzzy reasoning, we can update the output of the speed controller real time and handle the uncertain information. Results of simulation are provided to demonstrate that the vector control system of asynchronous motor based on fuzzy controller not only has the feature of simple and easy to be implemented, but also has the dynamic performance and robustness.


This paper presents a unitary methodology for the system and structural analysis of an automobile vehicle. The methodology is applied to the spatial mechanisms that make up the automobile vehicle. Elements of the parallel constructive–functional analysis are presented, revealing significant design particularities. This work is an attempt to develop a computationally simple and efficient analytical method of system design applicable to automobile vehicles, associated with graph theory, matrix method and variable permanent function (VPF) by considering the various sub–systems, components, their interdependence and connectivities of the automobile vehicle. This method is meant for characterization, analysis, identification and comparison of the automobile system. This evaluation leads to selection/identification of an optimum structural design of the automobile system. This system analysis is extended to the sub–system analysis and to the component level. It is possible to go from system to component level following a 'top–down' approach or from component level to system using a 'bottom–up' approach, thereby the overall structural analysis is carried out thoroughly. To explain the methodology, an automobile car is taken as an illustrative example and analysed.


BACKGROUND The American Joint Committee on Cancer recently added mitotic rate (MR) to their seventh edition staging system for melanomas, which went into effect on January 1, 2010. MR has replaced the Clark level of invasion for T1 melanomas. Dermatologists and dermatopathologists should be aware of these new guidelines. OBJECTIVE To clarify how MR may be used to determine the prognosis of thin melanomas and to identify patients with thin melanomas who would be candidates for a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). METHODS Reports in the literature were reviewed regarding mitotic rate in thin melanomas and the use of MR for prognosis and as an indication for SLNB. RESULTS Multiple studies have shown MR to be a significant prognostic factor, surpassing Clark level of invasion, in patients with thin melanomas. SLNB is the best prognostic method for staging T1b (<1 mm thick with MR≥1 or ulceration), T2, T3, and T4 melanomas, and SLNB should be discussed and offered to these patients. CONCLUSIONS Multiple studies support the use of MR in staging for thin melanomas, and patients with a high MR should be considered for SLNB. Sekula‐Gibbs, MD, has indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.


The organically modified montmorrillonite (OMMT)/phosphorus polymeic flame retardant (PFR)/polyamide 6(PA6) nanocomposites were prepared via melt intercalation on a twin-screw extruder. The structure formed in nanocomposite system was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Properties such as flame retardancy, notched impact strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and flexural modulus were studied by limited oxygen index (LOI) approach, UL94, and mechanical property test. The results of the studies indicated that flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PA6 nanocomposites were all reinforced due to addition of OMMT and PFR.


In the commercial airline industry, aircraft assignments are subject to changes because of irregular operations and the practice of re-assigning planes to alternative routes due to unexpectedly high (or low) demands. Therefore there is a need for yield management techniques that explicitly incorporate the possibility of future capacity changes. Though there is a rich literature on the topic of yield management in the context of stochastic demand, no published research to date deals with the case in which capacity is also stochastic. In this paper, the authors propose a solution for the continuous stochastic dynamic yield management problem in which flight capacities are subject to change. This problem has wide practical applications in rental car and hotel management as well.


Y type CMS lines were developed by using the cytoplasm of late maturity variety Yegong in Huanan late indica rice, which confirmed that the male sterile cytoplasm could be obtained from Huanan late indica rice. Results indicated that effects of male sterile cytoplasm of Y type on the hybrid rice were superior than those of abortive wild rice. The Y type CMS lines showed a complete and stable sterility, similar relation of restorers and maintainers as that in the WA type, diversified inheritance of growth duration, good combining ability. Hybrid rice combinations Huayou 86 and Huayougui 99 derived from Y Huanong A had high and stable yield, good grain quality, strong disease resistance and wide adaptability, showing Y type CMS lines is a new exploitable CMS lines.


The invention discloses a die-casting die capable of preventing a shrinkage cavity of a casting and a die-casting technique of the die-casting die. The die-casting die comprises a movable die body and a fixed die body. A die cavity is formed when the movable die body and the fixed die body are combined. The fixed die body is provided with a pouring gate, a runner and a pouring gate sleeve. The runner is communicated with the die cavity through the pouring gate. High-temperature liquid metal is injected into the runner from the pouring gate sleeve by pressing under the action of the pressure of a pressure chamber and then enters the die cavity from the runner to be condensed and formed. According to an ordinary die-casting die, due to the fact that the solidification speed of the liquid metal in the runner is high, the purpose that the pressure transmitted by a pressure chamber is kept tile the end cannot be achieved, the finally solidified portion, namely, a thermal center, of the casting frequently becomes loose, if machining is conducted on the finally solidified portion, the inner loose tissue can be exposed, and the pressure withstanding requirement of the casting cannot be met. By the adoption of the die-casting die capable of preventing the shrinkage cavity of the casting, a locally pressurizing mechanism is arranged on the die, a solid pin is driven by a hydraulic cylinder to penetrate through a metal surface hard shell, quite high pressure is exerted on the semi-solid metal in a thermal center, so that follow-up solidification is completed at continuous high pressure, and therefore a high-quality casting is obtained.


ABSTRACTThe nuclear reactor powered ion propulsion system described is anadvanced completely modularized system which lends itself to develop-nlent of prototype and/or flight type components without the need forcomplete system tests until late in the development program. Thismodularity is achieved in all of the subsystems and components of theelectric propulsion system including (1) the thermnionic fuel elements,(2) the heat rejection subsystem (head pipes), (3) the power conditioningmodules, and (4) the ion thrusters. Both flashlight and external fuel typein-core thermionic reactors are considered as the power source.The thermionic fuel elements would be useful over a range of reac-tor power levels. Electrical heated acceptance testing in their flightconfiguration is possible for the external fuel case. Nuclear heated test-ing by sampling methods could be used for acceptance testing of flashlightfuel elements. The use of heat pipes for cooling the collectors and as ameans of heat transport to the radiator allows early prototype or flightconfiguration testing of a small module of the heat rejection subsystemas opposed to full scale liquid metal pumps and radiators in a largevacuum chamber. The power conditioner (p/c) is arranged in moduleswitli passive cooling which allows complete prototype testing. The ionengines are typically matched with one or more p/c modules and are thesame size for any power level propulsion system of interest.vi JPL Technical Memorandum 33-550


Using binary hard disk mixture models, we studied the two-dimensional ordering of bacteriorhodopsins in a lipid bilayer. The phase diagrams were calculated using the thermodynamic perturbation theory. We examined two types of effective interactions to discuss the lateral depletion effects caused by repulsive core interaction between lipid molecules. The results indicate that the core repulsions drastically broaden the coexistence region for the fluid--ordered phase.


Abstract Relying on cultural transmission, social identity and self-categorization theories, this study uses an innovative two-part photo-pasting and survey method to investigate quantitatively and qualitatively non-fans', fans' and players' assumptions about what positions black and white players should occupy in American football. Both white and black players and fans showed evidence of being cultural transmitters of racial ideologies associated with the quarterback position in American football. Overall, the respondent choices for quarterback diverged significantly from equality but not significantly from the reality of the National Football League. Players and fan and non-fan participants alike showed evidence of being cultural consumers and transmitters of racial ideologies associated with the quarterback position. Narrative reasons for player choices aligned with past literature about racial stereotypes. On most measures, the findings did not differ greatly among the institutions from which study participants were drawn, their diversity in geography, racial composition, ideology, athletic division and public–private status notwithstanding.


Xi Jinping greatest common divisor thinking in the governing practice takes on profound inclusive thinking. It provides new thinking dimension and the practice path in the united front under the new situation to condense consensus, solidarity, wisdom and forces. Based on united front view, Xi Jinping greatest common divisor thinking embodied in several aspects: first, the human heart is foothold of thinking society greatest common divisor; second, deeper grasp greatest common divisor of our society always in the interests of Chinese nation; third, the socialist deliberative democracy is a system platform to reach whole social willing and requirements of the greatest common divisor; fourth, take the greatest common divisor of international society that countries seeking peace and development to sets up the fate community consciousness to build the new international relations at core of win-win cooperation.


An alloy containing 49 at.% aluminium was heat treated at different temperatures within the α+γ two-phase field to get five different volume fractions of lamellar constituent. Creep studies were carried out on these samples at five different temperatures in the interval between 1023 and 1223 K, by impression creep technique using four levels of stresses at each temperature. For a given temperature and stress, steady state impression velocity decreased with increasing volume fraction of lamellar constituent. Activation energy for steady state creep increased linearly with lamellar content from 185 kJ/mol at 22 vol.% to 362 kJ/mol at 100 vol.% The stress exponent was found to be around 1.2 in all the cases. The results show that a fully lamellar structure has a superior behaviour where creep is an important factor.


The reactions between laccase and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid have been studied by LKB-2107 batch microcalorimetry system at different temperatures and pH = 7. 4. The rnolar reaction enthalpy (ΔrHm), the Michaelis constant (Km), the rate constant (k2), the laccase activity (EA), the binding energy (ΔG0), the activation Gibbs free energy (ΔGT),the actlvation energy(Ea) and the activation entropy (ΔST ) have been determined. The results have been discussed from changes in free energy by using the transition state theory.The activation entropy (ΔST < 0) indicated that enzyme-substrate/transition structure is bound more orderly than enzyme-substrate complex.


This research work has proposed a noble method for lane detection system by using the hybrid median filter. The main objective of this paper is to improve the lane detection system using hybrid median filter. Lane detection is an important method in a number of intelligent automobile applications comprising the lane trip recognition and warning board, intelligent journey control and autonomous driving. Most of existing researchers has neglected the use of image filtering techniques. So in order to decrease the problems of the lane detection technique a new strategy is proposed which utilize the hybrid median filter thus improve the accuracy of the lane detection system. The proposed algorithm has been simulated in MATLAB using image processing toolbox. The performance evaluation has shown significant improvement over the existing methods. Keywords— Lane detection, Modified Hough transformation, edge detection, Hybrid median filter (HMF).


Regional Income is derived from local taxes and levies. Local taxes in Indonesia based on Law No. 28 of 2009 is divided into two, namely, provincial taxes and tax districts / cities. Tax Swallow's Nest is a local tax. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of taxation bird nest in Minahasa district. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis to give you an idea whether the taxation of bird's nest has been effective or not and how much contribution it provides to the local revenue. The results showed that in 2011 the tax effectiveness of bird's nest of 22.28%, in 2012 amounted to 109.63%, in 2013 amounted to 129.48% and in 2014 amounted to 158.45% and the tax contributions of bird's nest on Revenue PAD in 2011 amounted to 0.09%, in 2012 amounted to 9.75%, in 2013 amounted to 8.12% and in 2014 amounted to 6.20%. It can be concluded taxation swallow nest in Minahasa district has been very effective and overall Contributions Tax swallow's nests against local revenue in 2011 through 2014 contributed greatly lacking.


Data mining consists of evolving set of techniques that can be used to extract valuable information and knowledge from massive volumes of data. Data mining research & tools have focused on commercial sector applications. Data and Information or Knowledge has a significant role on human activities. Data mining is the knowledge discovery process by analyzing the large volumes of data from various perspectives and summarizing it into useful information. Due to the importance of extracting knowledge/information from the large data repositories, data mining has become an essential component in various fields of human life. Advancements in Statistics, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Pattern Recognition and Computation capabilities have evolved the present day's data mining applications and these applications have enriched the various fields of human life including business, education, medical, scientific etc. This paper will focus on issues related to data mining and. Further the paper focuses on some of its current applications.


This thesis report presents an approach to create autonomy for a mobile robot and then focuses on the planning module of the autonomous four-wheel steering (4WS) mobile robot. The planning module is composed of a global path planner and a local path planner. The global path planner, working with Rapid Random exploring Tree (RRT), provides local goals to a local path planner, which is implemented with the Dynamic-Window approach (DWA). DWA is a receding horizon technique that can produce a smooth and optimized path. The path is later given as a reference signal to a motion controller that another student worked on.


The main goal to extract knowledge in database is to help the user to give semantics of data and to optimize the information research. Unfortunately, this fundamental constraint is not taken into account by almost all the approaches for knowledge discovery. Indeed, these approaches generate a big number of rules that are not easily assimilated by the human brain. In this paper, we propose a new approach for Knowledge Discovery in Databases through the fusion of conceptual clustering, fuzzy logic, and formal concept analysis. While basing on the hierarchical structure offered by the lattices, we proceed to discover the Knowledge in a hierarchical way. Thus, according to the degree of detail required by the user, this approach proposes a level of knowledge and different views of this knowledge, so the user can easily exploit all knowledge generated. Moreover, this solution is extensible, the user is able to choose the fuzzy method of classification according to the domain of his data and his needs.


This article proposes the technopolitical concept as a way to reflect on media changes both in expressions of demand as in processes of social domination and the shaping of public opinion. Longitudinal digital ethnography was carried out on the 2012 and 2018 electoral processes in Mexico. It is concluded that technopolitics is an assembly process where actors interact, with differentiated political objectives, who seek to transform a given historicity or aspire to preserve existing political structures through mobilizations, actions in social media, media content production and other technological appropriations.


Students' vocabulary knowledge is related to their morphological awareness, which plays an essential role in word comprehension and vocabulary development. This case study is aimed at describing undergraduate students' morphological awareness and difficulties in morpheme identification and word relationship. This study employed the MAT test in two analytical tests. The Morpheme Identification Test is used to measure how well first-year college students can analyze and break down complicated words into their smaller meanings. Meanwhile, the Word Relation Test is administered to measure undergraduate students' awareness of relations among base or root words and their inflected or derived forms. An interview was used to support the results of the tests. The result showed that the students performed better in breaking down inflected forms than those in derived forms. As in the Word Relation Test, it was discovered that the students had done better in identifying morphologically related word pairs. There were three types of difficulties in the morpheme identification test. The first was in breaking down complex words into smaller morphemes; the second was in stating the meaning of each smaller morpheme, especially affixes; and the third was in categorizing the complex words into inflected or derived forms.


Passive Authentication (PA) is a security mechanism that ensures the chip data authenticity and integrity of e-passport. This paper introduces PA and its implementation scheme,a customized CA-PKI scheme which is recommended by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in Doc 9303,and analyzes the drawbacks of this scheme.Then an identity-based signature based on Hess' scheme for passive authentication is proposed.The drawbacks of the ICAO CA-PKI scheme such as complex certificate management,resources waste in storing certificates,high cost and low performance will be overcome in our proposed scheme.


Without robust security mechanisms, the smart grid remains vulnerable to many attacks that can cause serious damages. Since state estimation is a critical entity to monitor and control electricity production and distribution, intruders are more attracted by this entity in order to disrupt the smart grid reliability. In this context, we propose an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) archi-tecture to detect lethal attacks with a focus on two smart grid security issues: (i) Firstly, against integrity issue with price manipulation attack, we propose a Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) algo-rithm that detects this attack even with granular price changes; (ii) Secondly, the availability issue with Denial of Service (DoS) attack against which we develop an e ffi cient method to monitor and detect any misbehaving node. Performance evaluations show the robustness of the proposed IDS system compared to existing mechanisms. The achieved detection rate is above 95% and the false positive rate is below 5%.


The military-centric model of building nation-states, prominent over the past decade in Iraq and Afghanistan, has failed to meet the objective that began with winning the war, but now lies in nation building. It is time to question the role the military should play in state building. The approach adopted universally in Iraq and Afghanistan is characterized by the changed roles of the military and civilian agencies involved. Soldiers now 'accomplish' development, while civilian development agencies manage paramilitary groups. Sold as a whole-of-government approach, this model of state building has left lingering concerns among civilians and the military - most notably that the concept of development, and its tried-and-tested mechanism, has been lost among the role reversals and buried under billions of dollars pushed through the system.


Differential travel-time measurements of bidirectional transmission of sound between two fixed transducers underwater is the principle of the travel-time acoustic current meter. Sound is transmitted simultaneously in opposite directions and the difference in arrival time is a measure of the component of flow velocity along the axis of propagation. Electronically, the detection of this difference in arrival time involves voltage comparators and fast switching. Leakage of switching current into the detection circuit may bias the measurement of arrival time when the delay between the two directions of acoustic propagation is comparable to the propagation delay in the detection circuit. In 1980 such an effect was detected and removed in the Benthic Acoustic Stress Sensor, BASS, by careful separation of power and signal grounds. In 2003 a slight relaxation of this ground separation appeared to have caused another instance of this effect in the Modular Acoustic Velocity Sensor, MAVS. The detection circuit, a voltage comparator with a TTL output, has a 17 ns propagation delay causing a voltage 'glitch' to appear on the ground line 17 ns after the first signal crosses zero. This 'glitch' distorts the second signal to arrive at the moment of its zero crossing when the speed of current measured along the acoustic axis is 20 cm/s in MAVS. Electronically simulated errors in speed have been as much as 12% near 20 cm/s, returning to 0.5% by 60 cm/s. The search for a cure revealed that a totally different cause was responsible for this nonlinearity and the story of this search bears repeating.


The core of ethnic issue is national identity.The core task for a multi-ethnic country to solve the ethnic problems is to transform the people's loyalty to their own ethnic groups into loyalty to the country,and build up national identity on the basis of the respect to multi-ethnic identity.The establishment of national identity includes political identity and cultural identity.According to the requirement of "the core of ethnic issue is national identity",the basic principle and institutional arrangements for solving ethnic problems must respond to the national integration and the interaction of multi-ethnic culture development.Among them,cultural identity is fundamental,strong cultural identity can dispel the exten of the national identity crisis accompanied by the political crisis.


Water jet technology is widely used in dredging engineering. Since there will be large deformation of sand bed during erosion by water jet, the calculation mesh will be distorted seriously and lead to simulation failure. In order to solve the problem, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to simulate the dynamic process of high speed water jet erosion of sand bed. The simulation process and key techniques were discussed, the effect of water jet velocity and water jet target distance on the depth of eroded pit was studied. The results show that SPH could describe the process intuitively and the evolution of particle velocity field and sand bed pressure field could be shown clearly. The depth of the pit varies with time linearly. The decrease of water jet target distance and the increase of the water jet velocity deepen the eroded pit.


Abstract A switching control strategy for inverted pendulum systems is proposed based on the energy function and its transitions. We deal with a simplified second order model of cart-pendulum systems. Assume a virtual energy whose potential energy has an opposite sign. Paying attention to the motions of the pendulum, the energy changes are analyzed theoretically. According to these analyses, the conditions of a simple switching controller are derived and the stability of the switching controlled system is guaranteed. The role of the parameters in controllers is examined in numerical simulations.


The aim of this paper is to examine the role sustainability disclosure plays in creating additional value for firms in Nigeria, particularly firms belonging to the Nigerian manufacturing sector. The data were sourced using content analysis on annual reports of 45 listed manufacturing firms for eleven years (2010-2020) collected from Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data were analysed using Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression analysis. The study hypothesized and empirically found that environmental disclosure and social disclosure positively and significantly influences firm value of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study concludes that the findings reinforce the general argument of the study that firm's sustainability practices can be a value creation mechanism to companies that involve in its practices and disclosure. The study recommends that manufacturing firms in Nigeria should disclose more on their sustainability-related information as it helps the stakeholders to make valuable decisions which improves their market share. This is a novel approach to the study of sustainability reporting, as most studies focus on the corporate governance factors leading to sustainability disclosure rather than on the value creation of sustainability reporting practices. This study also offers valuable insights to policy makers interested in improving disclosure practices in the economy of Nigeria.


Abstract:Twenty years after Leo Breiman's wake-up call on the use of data models, I reconsider his concerns, which were heavily influenced by problems in prediction and classification, in light of the much vaster class of problems of estimating effects and (conditional) associations. Viewed from this perspective, one realises that the statistical community's commitment to the use of data models continues to be dominant and problematic, but that algorithmic modelling (machine learning) does not readily provide a satisfactory alternative, by virtue of being almost exclusively focused on prediction and classification. The only successful way forward is to bridge the two cultures. It requires machine learning skills from the algorithmic modelling culture in order to reduce model misspecification bias and to enable pre-specification of the statistical analysis. It moreover requires data modelling skills in order to choose and construct interpretable effect and association measures that target the scientific question; in order to identify those measures from observed data under the considered sampling design by relating to minimal and well-understood assumptions; and finally, in order to reduce regularisation bias and quantify uncertainty in the obtained estimates by relating to asymptotic theory.


Dielectric elastomers are a promising category of smart materials, which may find application within many fields such as soft robotics, wave-energy harvesting and loud speakers. A dielectric elastomer consists of a thin, stretchable polymer film sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. When an external voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electrostatic pressure across the elastomer is generated, which will cause the electrodes to attract one another. Thereby the thickness of the elastomer is decreased and the cross sectional area of the elastomer is increased. When the voltage is switched off, the elastomer regenerates its original shape.


This paper presents the results of analyzes performed on different types of alcoholic and non-alcoholic cocktails flavored with infusions made from berries, goji berries and green tea. Raw and auxiliary materials used to make the cocktails (ripe bananas, banana liqueur, sweet milk, yogurt) were characterized in terms of physicochemical and sensory. Variants yogurt layered cocktails were sweet, beautiful appearance and kept in well-defined layers. Sweet milk variants have characteristic taste and appearance of raw materials, although these layers are less poor. Ice variants were pleasant and appreciated because they are smoother and more refreshing than the other two variants. Fluid variants were highly appreciated due limpidity, pleasant taste and appearance.


The importance of reliable basic nuclear data, problem-specific neutron spectra, and multidimensional computing models for use in the evaluation of thermal power reactor properties is stressed. Examples are the cycle length, the local distribution of fuel burnup and plutonium buildup, and the void characteristics of an advanced pressurized water reactor with a tight fuel lattice.


1. The life history of Hymenolepis farciminosa (Goeze), first reported in 1955, has been described. 2. The grasshoppers Acrotylus humbertianus Sauss., Acrida exaltata Walk., Oedaleus abruptus Thunb., Crotogonus sp. and Aiolopus sp. were found, experimentally, to serve as intermediate hosts. The cysticercoid has been described and figured. A crow was experimentally infected with the cysticercoid and the adult tapeworm recovered. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Mr L. Sahai, M.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., the then Director of the Institute, for providing the requisite facilities, and to Dr H. D. Srivastava, M.Sc., D.Sc., F.N.I., Head of the Division of Parasitology, for valuable advice. They are grateful to Dr B. P. Uvarov, Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre, London, and to Dr A. P. Kapoor of the Zoological Survey of India for the identification of the insects.


Keratinases (E.C.18.104.22.168) constitute a group of enzymes capable of disrupting the highly stable keratin structure consisting of disulphide, hydrogen, and hydrophobic bonds in the form of α-helices and β-sheets B. licheniformis MB-2 and Bacillus sp. MTS are two feather-degrading bacteria isolated from Tompaso crater at North Sulawesi and sulfuric land around Tangkuban Perahu in West Java. They were both capable of breaking down whole chicken feathers. In addition both isolates were capable of degrading other proteinous substrates rich in beta structure such as coccon, silk, human hair and fish scales. Result of fermentation experiment implied that addition of nitrogen sources (0.02% yeast extract and 0.02% tryptone) to the basal medium increased keratinase production. Our experiments showed that keratinase production of Bacillus sp. MTS was higher and faster than that from B. licheniformis MB-2. Maximum extracellular keratinase activity of the enzyme derived from B. licheniformis was obtained during stationary phase at 72 h, while Bacillus sp. MTS  was reached at 48 h. Disulfide reductase activity also detected in the extracellular fluid of Bacillus sp. MTS.  The maximum condition for extracellular keratinase activity was 55 o C and the enzyme showed  two maximum pHs :  pH 8.0 and pH 10. The zymogram analysis indicated sixth protein bands  of  17, 25, 32, 53, 96 and 122 kD which were able to hydrolyze gelatin substrate in-situ. (Animal Production 12(1): 60-68 (2010) Key Words : Bacillus , feather, keratinase, disulfide reductase


To make out the signal processing of neuron and neural system,researchers have worked on it for scores of years.In this paper,the responses of FitzHugh-Nagumo(FN) neuron model,which is stimulated by additive Gaussian white noise and weak sinusoidal signal,is investigated via numerical simulations.The time and frequency domain results show that there is stochastic resonance and a dimensionless frequency sensitive range of 0.2-0.8.Thus the model can help to detect the sinusoidal signal.In addition,the frequency sensitivity coincides with the findings in biology and is beneficial to disclosing the secret in the signal transmission of neuron and neural system.


In relativity and quantum field theory, the vacuum speed of light is assumed to be constant; the range of validity of general relativity is determined by the Planck length. However, there has been no convincing theory explaining the constancy of the light speed. In this paper, we assume a five dimensional spacetime with three spatial dimensions and two local time coordinates giving us a hint about the constancy of the speed of light. By decomposing the five dimensional spacetime vector into four-dimensional vectors for each time dimension and by minimizing the resulting action, for a certain class of additional time dimensions, we observe the existence of a minimal length scale, which we identify as the Planck scale. We derive an expression for the speed of light as a function of space and time and observe the constancy of the vacuum speed of light in the observable universe.


Evolutionary and structural models for contact binary stars make quantitative predictions about the distribution of systems in the mass ratio (q)–orbital period (P) plane. Specifically, contact binaries containing primaries with convective envelopes are predicted to be absent at mass ratios larger than a critical threshold that is a function of orbital period and total mass. We test this prediction by characterizing candidate contact binaries that appear to have mass ratios in violation of this threshold. We obtained quadrature-phase echelle spectra (R ≈ 31,000) for 18 close binaries (0.65 day < P < 2.00 days) in the Kepler field, from which we extracted radial velocity profiles for each system. Use of a joint Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting routine on the Kepler light curves and the radial velocity profiles allows us to retrieve all fundamental system and component parameters. Of the 18 systems, only one is a contact binary, and both components likely have radiative—not convective—envelopes. The 17 remaining systems are detached binaries (eight) or semidetached binaries (four) with ellipsoidal variations, rotating variables (four), or pulsating variables (one). Therefore, none of the systems are in violation of the theoretical mass ratio thresholds for low-mass contact binaries. The 12 noncontact binaries follow a T 2/T 1–q relation significantly weaker than expected for main-sequence components, suggesting radiative heating of the secondaries. Most of the secondaries have radii larger than main-sequence expectations, a possible consequence of heating. Four secondaries fill their Roche lobes, while none of the primaries do, possibly indicating prior mass-ratio reversal.


We propose an actionable calibration procedure for general Quadratic Hawkes models of order book events (market orders, limit orders, cancellations). One of the main features of such models is to encode not only the influence of past events on future events but also, crucially, the influence of past price changes on such events. We show that the empirically calibrated quadratic kernel is well described by a diagonal contribution (that captures past realised volatility), plus a rank-one 'Zumbach' contribution (that captures the effect of past trends). We find that the Zumbach kernel is a power-law of time, as are all other feedback kernels. As in many previous studies, the rate of truly exogenous events is found to be a small fraction of the total event rate. These two features suggest that the system is close to a critical point – in the sense that slightly stronger feedback kernels would lead to endogenous liquidity crises.


Volume rendering three-dimensional ultrasound images to pivot or rotate (76), the ultrasonic image display method for beating heart or vibrating a two-dimensional monitor to synchronize vibration such respiratory lung ultrasound object (72) (40) and it is a system. The present invention has a turning instruction to repeatedly pivot the volumetric ultrasound image (76) in three-dimensional space. Vibration frequency measurement command (108) measures the oscillation frequency of the oscillating ultrasound object. Synchronization instruction (118), at a predetermined point, the iterative rotation of the object so that the repeat start of rotation (110) is coincident with the start of oscillation is synchronized with the oscillation frequency. Volumetric ultrasound image display (76), a live view, the variable static display, and continuous regeneration to provide a pre-recorded display of options available.


Mangroves are a tropical and sub-tropical dominant ecosystem that flourishes in the coastal areas of the Philippines and offer both ecological and economic benefits for coastal communities. However, even with its benefits, its forest cover has experienced substantial damages and mangrove species are critically approaching extinctions. With this implications, mangrove forest cover mapping is an important aid to environmental policies and processes that will contribute to its resources protection and preservation. This study aimed to produce a rhizophora-specific map in a mangrove forest of Magnesia, Virac, Catanduanes, Philippines using Orthophoto and the derivatives from LiDAR Data. LiDAR derivatives such as DSM, DTM, normalized DSM, and Slope using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to analyze the features for rhizophora extraction. An object-based classification scheme was developed using eCognition to extract rhizophora mangroves. The scheme includes Geographic Coordinates Systems (GCS) transformation, Georeferencing, Multiresolution Segmentation, and Classification using Nearest-Neighbor algorithm. Accuracy of the produced map for Magnesia is 99.63% showing two classes namely Rhizophora and Non-Rhizophora.


In this report on experience in the labor field, the functions and problems found in
the performance of the position as Registrar of National Identity Document DNI are
presented (perform registration procedures, renewal rectification and duplicates of
DNI of minor and adult) , at the Julcan Service Point - RENIEC, in the period 2014
- 2018. As identification of problems in the functional exercise, it was found that a) There
is no SIO system in the office, and b) Payments in the Banco de La Nacion that
were not made with the Citizen ID number that requests the procedure in Reniec,
but they do it with the number of a relative or friend. As a general objective, it was
considered: Present proposals for solutions to the problems identified in the
functional exercise of the tasks. Due to the fact that there was no system, it was not possible to consult the citizen's data and make sure that the person who approached the process was the correct person. That is why, as responsible for the functions of registration of ID, I made the arrangements with the relevant area by sending emails, face-to-face management in the RENIEC Trujillo office, and in a course of 30 working days, it was possible to implement the SIO system. We proceeded to the development of information panels and posters for the illustration of our users, since, if they could send someone else to make the payment, but indicating the ID number of the owner to avoid unforeseen problems or other losses of time.


Bina Agarwal is Professor of Economics, Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007. In Nairobi 1985, at the NGO Forum of the Third World Conference on Women, the mood was celebratory. One of the dominant images I carried back was of African women dancing spontaneously on the green spaces between the meeting rooms. The previous decade had seen a mushrooming of women's groups globally and they were present in strength, some 10,000 women. Unlike the 1975 First World Conference in Mexico City which was dominated by Northern agendas and the wives of heads of state, also unlike the 1980 Second World Conference at Copenhagen, Nairobi celebrated the arrival of Southern women's movements, including India's. A feeling of togetherness overcame difference, especially among the Southern participants, and the feeling showed. In Beijing 1995, at the NGO Forum of the Fourth World Conference on Women held at Huairou (a Beijing tourist resort), the mood was sombre. It reflected the turmoil of the past decade: the global economic crisis, the collapse of most communist regimes, unmitigated ethnic conflict, and growing conservatism. And it reflected the disproportionate burden of these borne by women. The statistics in circulating documents spoke for themselves: women today constitute 70 per cent of the world's 1.3 billion poor, two-thirds of the illiterates, and (with their children) 80 per cent of the 25 million refugeesmostly victims of armed conflict.


This book is a study of the category of definiteness in the light of research on mental spaces and frames. The author formulates a set of eight uniform rules for the use of the definite, indefinite, and zero articles in English and German. The Concept of Definiteness presents an algorithm for nominal reference resolution that uses the definiteness value of each noun phrase to guide the search for its referent. The book discusses the results of the application of an automated system based on the proposed algorithm to texts in modern English. It also demonstrates applicability of the selected approach to text fragments representing all major historical variants of the German language.


Simple Summary Climate change has increased the frequency of drought along the coastal zone of West Africa, resulting in fodder shortage during the dry season. As forage cropping and conservation are not practiced in this area, animals rely on forage species remaining during the dry season. We assess the vegetation to characterize the range of forage species available for ruminants during the dry season in this region. Among the thirty-three plants consumed by the cows, only thirteen species were available and highly consumed during the dry season. Results showed that most of the forage tested, particularly Poaceae, were of poor in nutritional value; however, the cultivation of some promising drought-tolerant plants such as Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Zornia latifolia, and Chamaecrista rotundifolia could sustain ruminant production along the coastal areas. Abstract Along the coast of West Africa, grazing ruminants rely on perennial forage species remaining in uncultivated plots, roadsides, and marshlands during the dry season. To assess the quality of these forages, thirteen drought-tolerant plants were harvested at the mature stage, and the samples were evaluated for chemical composition, in vitro fermentation characteristics, and metabolizable energy (ME) content. They are ten drought-tolerant grasses, including: Andropogon virginicus, Brachiaria deflexa, Cenchorus biflorus, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Eragrostis tremula, Leptochloa caerulescens, Loudetia aroundinacea, Paspalum notatum, Paspalum vaginatum, Pennisetum purpureum, two perennial herbs, Chamaecrista rotundifolia, Zornia latifolia, and one multipurpose tree, Elaeis guineensis. Legume species had the highest nutritional value (highest crude protein and ME, and lowest neutral detergent fiber) of the species studied. In terms of the in vitro data, the gas produced after 120 h of incubation ranged from 149 mL/g in E. tremula to 185 mL/g in Paspalum. Z. latifoliaa and had the fastest rate of fermentation, producing half of the total gas in 19.5 h, whereas E. tremula required 49.9 h (p < 0.01). The production of branched-chain fatty acids (isobutyrate and isovalerate) was greatest for E. guineensis and the lowest in both Paspalum species (p < 0.01). The study suggests the need for the protein supplementation of the animals to ensure maximum forage utilization and to satisfy the nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock.


Introduction:
 Stroke is a leading cause of disability affecting patients and their caregivers. Current outcome measures inadequately quantify the impact of stroke in young patients (≤65) in terms of managing education, career, and family.

 Methods:
 This study assessed the reliability and discriminate validity of the Young Stroke Questionnaire (YSQ) to further build upon the knowledge and understanding of young stroke patients and the specific needs for management and long-term outcomes relevant to young stroke survivors. The initial questionnaire evolved from a focus group comprised of 6 young stroke survivors and 6 stroke neurologists centralized around 4 patient-centered domains: work and leisure, relationships, wellbeing, and healthcare resources. To determine the reliability and discriminate validity of YSQ, 100 young stroke survivors were consented at the Neurology clinic. Standardized clinical assessments completed included the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Additionally, all patients were asked to complete the patient-centered questionnaire, YSQ.

 Results:
 We enrolled 100 patients (Mean age ± SD = 49.2 ± 11.7, 42 Males, 53% African-American, 44% White) into the YSQ validation study. Cronbach's α coefficients for the four domains and the total scale were calculated to measure the internal consistency of the YSQ. The α coefficients were found to be high (work & leisure α = 0.88, relationships α = 0.82, wellbeing α= 0.84, healthcare resources α= 0.75), indicating the scale with 4 subdomains is internally consistent and reproducible. The discriminant validity of the scale was assessed by comparing the means of each subdomain of YSQ among healthy subjects to the groups of stroke patients as defined by the mRS. YSQ was able to differentiate healthy subjects from subjects with varying degree of disability, as defined by the modified Rankin scale ( work and leisure p< 0.0001, relationships p< 0.0001, wellbeing p< 0.0001, Healthcare resources p= 0.017)

 Conclusions:
 Standardized clinical assessments are not sensitive to disabilities in young stroke survivors. When compared to standardized clinical assessments, the YSQ is significantly capable of differentiating the young survivor perspective of the impact of stroke in all the four subdomains.


2500 • cid 2020:71 (1 November) • EDITORIAL COMMENTARY Received 2 March 2020; editorial decision 3 March 2020; accepted 10 March 2020; published online May 5, 2020. Correspondence: N. Ford, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (fordn@ who.int). Clinical Infectious Diseases 2020;71(9):2500–1 © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distri bution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa265 The Enduring Burden of Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease


This paper discusses the role of the intermediary in the information profession. Changes due to the advent of digital media are addressed, and ways that a positive role for the 'intermediary can be promoted are suggested. Several activities are listed to illustrate the expanding role of the intermediary, and actions in order to secure a future for intermediaries are proposed. Three examples of information intermediation are described--the information architect, the knowledge manager, and the facilitator. The application of information management and intermediation skills in the academic environment is then addressed. The following ways that academic library staff support information provision and use are listed: collection/resource management and development; resource discovery; metadata management; training staff, students, and other learners to find, use, and manage information; rights negotiation; and learning support. Other areas that may see increasing prominence are also identified, including project management, user behavior identification, and digital reference service. (Contains 20 references.) (MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


The concept of earnings and profits is fundamental to the tax treatment of corporate distributions under US tax law. The concept of surplus is a cornerstone of Canada's foreign affiliate regime. In this article, the authors compare and contrast these important tax concepts from the perspective of a Canadian multinational corporation with foreign affiliates resident in the United States. An earlier article examined the relevancy of the concepts, the objectives of the measurements, and related concepts and definitions, and provided general comments on the performance of calculations. This article focuses on the application of the two concepts, and the associated tax implications, within the context of the US entity classification rules, the US tax consolidated return regulations, and certain US reorganization provisions.


Background Asthma is one of the most frequent chronic diseases, with worldwide prevalence of 1 to 18%. Patient and the patient's family education is considered by all International Guides fundamental to achieve this disease control. The aim of this study is to asses the asthma knowledge among parents and/or caregivers of pediatric asthmatic patients before and after attending to a Practical Allergy Course given at Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez by the Pediatric Allergy Department. Methods Transversal Study that included 115 persons attending to a Practical Allergy Course that answered the previously validated instrument to asses the asthma knowledge among parents or caregivers NAKQ (Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire); its Spanish version consisting in 31 questions; before and after the practical course. A descriptive annalysis was made; usefullness of the course was determinated by x2. Stadistical packagge used was SPSS 17. Results A total of 115 questionnaires were applied, only 99 were properly answered and were included in the analysis; from these 35 were male and 64 female; 80% with high-school and middle school schooling; 92% were small families with 1 to 3 children; 90% of the families had only one child with asthma; 63% was receiving the practical course for the first time. Before attending the practical course the mean answered questions was 30 and after attending the mean answered questions was 31 (LR = 57.465; P < 0.000); for the first evaluation the mean correct answers was 19 and the latter 22 correct answers, finding statistical significant differences (LR = 30.253; P < 0.000). Conclusions We found improved asthma knowledge among parents and caregivers of asthmatic children after attending to a Practical Allergy Course.


The breakdown performance of an advanced synthetic dielectric coolant, poly-alpha olefin, is compared to conventional transformer oil over a range of temperatures from 10 to 50degC. The poly-alpha olefin oil is first benchmarked against conventional transformer oil, and then compared to poly-alpha olefin oil that has been exposed to a large number of high-energy discharges in order to establish the effects of oil age on performance. The results obtained from the standard ANSI D877 test procedure are compared to the results of a modified test procedure that incorporates sparging of the oil with dry nitrogen. Tests to determine the effects of nitrogen sparging on the water concentration of the poly-alpha olefin are analyzed. Concerns regarding the dependence of voltage breakdown values on oil viscosity are also discussed.


Investigating a (polymeric) soft-matter system with several components often is aimed at the observation of the motions/mobilities of one of the components. The normal approach to this request in the context of quasielastic neutron scattering (e.g. NSE) is to put contrast on the targeted component, typically by leaving it hydrogenated and have the rest (surrounding, matrix) deuterated. In simple systems with only one molecular species as a homo-polymer melt with a few of the molecules contrasted (e.g. 10% h in 90% d) -provided the h-and d-molecular varieties behave sufficiently equalthis strategy yields a valid single chain (molecule) structure factor S(Q,t)/S(Q), even for a 50/50% mixture. However, if the component of interest and the matrix are of different kind, unexpected distortions of the observed S(Q,t) may occur. Interpretation of such results in terms of the single chain structure factor would then lead to erroneous conclusions. In this contribution the conditions, under which these distortions will occur, are discussed and how dynamic RPA may help to cope with them is explained. A practical method to apply this correction to polymer and similar problems is presented and an experimental verification is discussed [1, 12].


General comments In this paper, Sabolis et al. report on the study of the seasonal vari-ation and the spatial distribution of formaldehyde over the Mediterranean Sea between 2005 and 2007. The results are principally based on OMI formaldehyde observations and on the GEOS-Chem model. The main objective is to explain the elevated concentrations of formaldehyde columns over the Mediterranean Sea during summer months. The scientific topic is relevant for ACP and the paper is well written. However, two major concerns need to be addressed before publishing: 1/ Even if the findings about the effects of aerosols on OMI AMFs and of the marine biogenic source are valuable and innovative, the main objective of the paper is not attained. Other possible reasons for the enhanced formaldehyde columns over the Mediterranean Sea (like transport from continental sources) should be more discussed (on the base of GEOS-Chem). 2/ The comparison between OMI and SCIAMACHY observations is not convincing. The use of SCIAMACHY data do not bring anything more to the discussion and we ad-vice either to improve this section (taking into account differences between OMI and SCIAMACHY products such as the treatment of aerosols in the AMF calculations or differences in the sampling frequency of the two sensors), either to skip this part of the paper. Specific comments Intro, p17915, line 26: Reference to Stavrakou et al., 2009b would be more appropriate than 2009a. Intro, p17917, line 1: Remove the word "polluted". Continental air masses can transport VOC from pollution, from biogenic


We study cosmic structures in the quadratic Degenerate Higher Order Scalar Tensor (qDHOST) model, which has been proposed as the most general scalar-tensor theory (up to quadratic dependence on the covariant derivatives of the scalar field), which is not plagued by the presence of ghost instabilities. We then study a static, spherically symmetric object embedded in de Sitter space-time for the qDHOST model. This model exhibits breaking of the Vainshtein mechanism inside the cosmic structure and Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time outside, where General Relativity (GR) can be recovered within the Vainshtein radius. We constrained the parameters of the qDHOST model by requiring the validity of the Vainshtein screening mechanism inside the cosmic structures and the consistency with the recently established bounds on gravitational wave speed from GW170817/GRB170817A event. We find that these two constraints rule out the same set of parameters, corresponding to the Lagrangians that are quadratic in second-order derivatives of the scalar field, for the shift symmetric qDHOST.


Contextual Inquiry is a synthesis of ethnographic, field research, and participatory design [8] methods that provide designers with grounded and detailed knowledge of user work as a basis for their design. The tutorial provides an understanding of the fimdarnental principles behind Contextual Inquiry and practical experiences with methods for data gathering and data analysis.


Abstract A HPLC method to simultaneously determine codeine and morphine in rat whole blood has been developed and evaluated. This method is based on a selective extraction and reversed-phase chromatography which results in chromatograms with 220 to 3500 theoretical plates for morphine and codeine. Detection is by electrochemical oxidation at +1.2V vs Ag/AgCl. In this method, the procedure of blood centrifugation for plasma preparation is eliminated. Therefore, the blood volume required is decreased and the sensitivity of analysis is considerably increased. Concentrations of codeine and morphine are low as 2ng/ml can be quantitated in as little as 100 mcl of rat whole blood.


Regarding the drag reduction of ridge-like surface as optimization goal, this paper has optimized V-like and U-like surface using genetic algorithm in the context of given sizes and obtained the ridge-like structure size with the best drag reduction effect. Comparative analysis of the surface resistance and turbulence characteristics and the velocity distribution near the wall show that the optimized ridge-like surface has good drag reduction effect and the drag reduction of V-like surface is better. The drag reduction of optimized ridge-like surface has increased significantly and this shows that the method optimizing ridge-like structure using genetic algorithm is feasible. The optimization method can be used for navigation devices and other fluid mechanical shape optimization design.


Tuberculosis (TB) is a mycobacterium infection which occurs due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is the major infectious diseases with a mortality rate of nearly two million mostly in developing countries every year. This increases occurrence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to the most effective antibiotics which serves as a major factor contributing to the current TB epidemic. This situation has lead to a rise in the need of the development of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy is unique two phase therapy which consist of first line and second line drugs. The drugs like Isoniazid, Ethambutol etc. (First line) and ofloxacin, kanamycin etc. (Second line) are commonly used. These drugs used more effective and easily available. The first line drugs are more effective than the second line drugs. Combination drug therapy is desirable as a single drug is ineffective in the cases of MDR-TB. The commonly known treatment of TB is DOTS. The immunotherapy show good result in MDR-TB. The use of immunotherapy with Interlukin-2, Interferon and Interlukin-7 as an adjacent to drug treatment may improve success rate of MDRTB shortens the treatment time for drug sensitive TB and improves the immunity by enhancing Mycobacterium tuberculosis elimination to prevent the recurrence of disease. © 2019 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved. Cite this article as: Kaur, N.; Sharma, S. Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for Tuberculosis. Indo Global J. Pharm. Sci., 2019; 9(2Suppl.): 150. DOI: http://doi.org/10.35652/IGJPS.2019.92S48 . Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( ISSN 2249 1023; CODENIGJPAI; NLM ID: 101610675) indexed and abstracted in CrossRef (DOI Enabling), UGC CARE Journal List, EMBASE(Elsevier), National Library of Medicine (NLM) Catalog, ResearchGate, Publons, CAS (ACS), Index Copernicus, Google Scholar and many more. For further details, visit http://iglobaljournal.com This is a special issue as an outcome of 'RAPSCON-2019' sponsored by APTI and organized by Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Relaxation offered in journal format.


In the political discourse of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez addresses used metaphorical models in which the forms of the political system in the country.


In the early 1970s Harry Frankfurt argued that so-called 'coercive threats' cause a violation of their victim's autonomy, thereby excluding him from moral responsibility. A person is therefore not responsible for doing what he is forced to do. Although this seems correct on an intuitive level, I will use Frankfurt's later vocabulary of 'care' and 'love' in order to show that threats essentially involve an abuse of a person's autonomy instead of an infringement or violation thereof. Still, if we want to understand the sense of reluctance that is involved in acting under threat, as well as the sense of responsibility that befalls both the victim as well as the perpetrator, then we have to move beyond the Frankfurtian framework.


In terms of financial efficiency, customer loyalty, and partner earnings, Supply Chain Management (SCM) efficiently benefits the company. The belows are some of the corporate opportunities of supply chain management. It increases sales, helps to reduce capital expenditures in the industry, reduces time by making efficient use of the time between consumer orders and distribution and Improves responsiveness to changes in demand, increasing supply stability. Due to this topic, by combining Quality Function Deploymnet (QFD) applications with a SCM system, this research will provide the researcher with an improved output arrangement. It covers the basics of using QFD in SCM systems as well as several examples of how to use QFD as a continuity reference and a supply chain management approach. This research looks at how and why QFD can be used in a supply chain, as well as some of the potential applications. QFD technique may help with SCM implementations. Customers' importance in a supply chain network cannot be overstated. The integration of "Customers Voice" into the applied structure ensures a high chance of performance and device productivity, while the Fuzzy QFD implementation promotes strategic analysis as a framework for evaluating. Supply chain management is critical from a strategic standpoint and is seen as a competitive advantage. In this study, in the furniture industry, switching from conventional approaches to supply chain management with QFD has a number of benefits. The application's main objective is to expose the process and operation of supply chain management in the furniture industry in this context.


This paper describes a new manufacturing process for diffusion bonding of titanium alloys. The technique requires the use of high-vacuum furnaces, but allows bonding to be carried out at very low contact pressures. This is possible because the parts are kept separate during outgassing through the innovative use of glass tooling. The main advantages of this new technique are excellent bonds produced with simple, lightweight, low-cost tooling.


In the article, based on the study of the European experience in the execution of criminal penalties, it is proposed to supplement the national criminal-penal policy with a number of principles, among which, in particular, are mutual consideration of the interests of the individual, society and the state; the expediency which excludes the priority of legal conformity in the process of using foreign penitentiary experience; coherence which allows for avoiding contradictions between national and international law in terms of social and economic possibilities for the implementation of humanitarian standards. The concept of the development of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation until 2020 is analyzed and criticized from the perspective of these principles. It is shown that the growing trend of complaints from those convicted to the European Court of Human Rights, related to the fact that the established regime requirements violate a number of constitutional rights of these persons and the provisions of The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950, is not taken into account. It is substantiated that a revision of the domestic conceptual foundations of the regime is required, which continues to express primarily the punitive claims of the state to the convicted person. It is stated that the provisions of the European Prison Rules for various reasons are not fully implemented in Western prison systems and therefore should be extremely carefully interpreted in the legislative structures of Russian penal law. It is concluded that it is possible to take into account the criticisms set forth in the article when developing the Concept for the modernization of the penitentiary system (2021–2030).


Absent renal perfusion on a Tc-99m DTPA radionuclide study was observed in a patient with acute tubular necrosis following rhabdomyolysis. Complete recovery was achieved with conservative treatment. Absence of renal perfusion does not indicate a nonviable kidney.


In this paper I begin by arguing that aesthetic It may appear that the visual/nonvisual terms cannot be used as metaphors and I end by distinction plays a central role in my argument. arguing that the concept of an aesthetic property However, as will become clear, an analogous is analyzable in nonaesthetic terms. The begindistinction in terms of a different sense modalning and the end of the paper are connected by a ity (for example, auditory/nonauditory) could complex reasoning that can be summarized as have served as well and perhaps all reference to follows: aesthetic terms cannot be used metaparticular sense modalities could have been phorically because their applicability is never avoided, as Section IV suggests. Thus, the present restricted to a particular category of objects paper is only superficially "scopocentric." (Section I); if the applicability of aesthetic terms is never restricted to a particular category of objects then a fortiori it is never restricted to I a category of nonvisual objects; if the applicability of aesthetic terms is never restricted to a Aesthetic terms have at least one striking category of nonvisual objects, then all aesthetic feature in common and that is their resistance to terms are applicable to visual objects (Section II); metaphorical usage. In other words, aesthetic if all aesthetic terms are applicable to visual terms cannot be turned into metaphors.2 For objects, then all aesthetic properties can be instance, it makes no sense to say that someexemplified by such objects; finally, if all aesthing is beautiful "metaphorically speaking." thetic properties can be exemplified by visual Likewise, it does not make sense to say that objects, then for the purpose of analyzing the something is metaphorically elegant, metaphorconcept of an aesthetic property it suffices to ically harmonious, or metaphorically sublime. analyze the concept of a visual aesthetic propThe question is, of course, why this is so. At erty (Section III). a superficial level, the following explanation In arguing for the ultimate conclusion of the suggests itself. Aesthetic terms do not have a paper-that the concept of an aesthetic property particular area of application associated with is fully analyzable in nonaesthetic terms-referthem. There is not a particular kind of object ence is made to an earlier paper, "The Concept to which they are to be applied. As a result, of an Aesthetic Property," in which the concept it is not possible to commit something like a of a visual aesthetic property was analyzed in "category mistake" with respect to such terms. nonaesthetic terms.' However, understanding By contrast, terms for animal species such as the present paper does not require familiarity 'elephant' and 'crocodile' can be applied only with the previous one. Moreover, until the final within the animal kingdom: to apply them conclusion is reached, nothing hinges on outside this area is to commit a "category whether one is prepared to accept the claims mistake" (which may of course result in a made in that earlier paper. metaphor). This explanation is supported by the


This paper discusses, based on the results of load-bearing fire tests, bending moment resistance of unprotected composite beams in fire including hogging moment resistance at pin joints. In particular, the influence of the specifications of rebars in concrete slab on hogging moment resistance at pin joints is focused on. The test results indicated that hogging moment resistance at pin joints is greatly improved by the effect of rebars, but the effect cannot be expected if rebars fracture prematurely. In this study, the effect of suppressing temperature rise of joints when protected only at joints is also discussed.


Experiments on high precision mass measurement of particles require precise beam energy calibration. The most accurate method of beam energy measurement is the resonant depolarization technique. This article describes the beam energy measurement at the VEPP-4M storage ring using this method together with a Touschek polarimeter. The accuracy achieved is about 10 −6 . More than thousand energy calibrations were used in the KEDR detector for the precise experiments on the measurement of J/ψ, ψ(2S), ψ(3770), D + , D 0 meson and τ lepton masses.


Abstract: :We developed the competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). The detection limit was 30 pg per ml. Using this method, we examined the IL‐6 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of 10 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 12 age‐matched normal controls. IL‐6 was detected in 6 out of 10 patients with MS. There was no significant correlation between the IL‐6 levels and other parameters, including IgG, IgG index, cell counts, total protein and albumin in the CSF. Our results suggest that IL‐6 detected in the MS‐CSF may have no correlation to the immunological processes.


This paper presents the carbon monoxide(CO)/carbon dioxide(C02) dual sensing system using the Non-Dispersive InfraRed Method. This system is composed of the optical chamber with light emitting sensor and infrared detector sensor, commercial power(220V) for the overall system, IR LED & IR Detector driving part, AID Converter and amplification circuits for measuring concentration of the CO/CO₂ gas. As the light emitting sensor, the performance of the gas sensor was improved by using the infrared light emitting diode which concentratedly sends the absorption wavelength of the corresponding gas. And the IR LED sensor faces the Infrared detector sensor without not only the mirror for the light concentration but also the lens in the optical chamber.


This report presents some novel circuit design techniques used in the datapath of the SPUR floating-point unit. Three most interesting circuit blocks are discussed which include a fast adder, a leading one detector and a shifter. Mixed logic with static and dynamic circuits are used. The chip is implemented in a 1.6 micron, N-well, double-metal CMOS process (HP CMO5-10). The timing and area of the above three modules are as follows: 66 bit adder *Delay--Crystal 36 ns, SPICE 33 ns *Size--4757x553 Lambda, which is 3806 x 442um 67 bit Leading one detector *Delay--Crystal 20.8 ns, SPICE 18 ns *Size--4901 x 463 lambda, which is 3920 x 320 um 67 bit shifter with Sticky Logic *Delay--Shifting 15 ns, Sticky bit (latched mic output latch) 25 ns *Size--The whole module with decoder is 5359 x 1414 lambda, which is 4287 x 1131 um. c C


(21) Appl. No.: 09/388,763 For the electrical testing of base material for manufacturing (22) Filed: Sep. 2, 1999 printed circuit boards, firstly Smooth edges to the copper 9 layers of the base material, free of deformation, are (30) Foreign Application Priority Data produced, preferably in a milling process, which base mate rial is Subsequently Subjected to testing for a Sufficiently Sep. 3, 1998 (DE) .............................................. """ high level of electrical resistance between the two copper (51) Int. Cl." ..................................................... G01R 31/12 layers. Successful resistance testing is followed by testing 52) U.S. Cl. .................. 324,554.324/551: 324/548 for the dielectric Strength of the insulating layer of the base (52) 1554; 324/551; 324/ (58) Field of Search ..................................... 324/554, 551, material by measuring the current conduction produced as a 324/552, 548, 452, 456 result of a disruptive breakdown. This process Serves to reduce the amount of processed base material which is (56) References Cited rejected, on which, at the present State of the art, there is no electrical testing prior to processing. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS


OBJECTIVE
To study the rules of Streptococcus mutans reactive oxygen species metabolism and its enzymatic basis, and to investigate its significance intermediate to plaque microbial ecology.

METHODS
Electron spin trapping method was used to measure reactive oxygen species produced by Streptococcus mutans in the different incubation conditions, and evaluate the efficicay of NADH to hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase and Fe(2+)-H2O2 system.

RESULTS
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of DMPO-O2- and DMPO-OH. and superoxide dismutase were obtained in Streptococcus mutans culture fluid, these spectrum were strengthened by exogenous sugar, and disappeared when methylene blue was added to culture fluid, but that spectrum was not significantly changed by NADH. ESR spectrum of hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase and Fe(2+)-H2O2 system were significantly reduced or disappeared by NADH.

CONCLUSION
These results suggest that there are O2- and OH in Streptococcus mutans metabolism, and they may come mainly from the reaction catalyzed by NADH oxidase.


We report observation of circular dichroism (CD) in reflection from two bismuthate superconducting thin films, rubidium barium bismuthate. This signal is similar to that recently reported in cuprate materials, with the exception that one sample shows a dramatic rise in the observed CD variance at the superconducting transition. These results suggest that a mechanism other than anyons, and thus perhaps unrelated to the superconductivity mechanism itself, might be necessary to explain the CD observed.


Integrated provided a circuit process for forming the structure is, the method comprising: forming a first isolation region and the second forming watching the isolation region facing each other, and the inverted T-shaped epitaxial semiconductor region having a shape on a semiconductor substrate and a step of. The epitaxial semiconductor region comprises a horizontal plate and a pin, and said horizontal plate and a bottom portion adjacent to the first insulating region and the second isolation region between the first isolation region and the second isolation region the pins are adjacent to the horizontal plate above the horizontal plate. A lower portion of the horizontal plate is in contact with the semiconductor substrate. The method also further comprises a top surface and forming a step and, and a gate electrode on said gate dielectric to form a gate dielectric on at least the upper portions of the side walls of the fin.


The radiographic diagnosis of intraperitoneal fluid is usually based on the de monstration of fluid interposed between the lateral peritoneum and the ascending and descending colon, respectively, with the patient supine and usage of a vertical beam direction (LAURELL, FRIMANN-DAHL). Fluid in the lesser pelvis has been demonstrated in the supine and erect positions with vertical and horizontal beams, respectively (LAURELL, FRIMANN-DAHL) , radiography of the abdominal flanks beeing the most reliable method (MARGULIES & STOANE, BUDIN & JACOBSON, JORULF & RYDMAN). By single exposures of the flanks it has been demonstrated that intraperitoneal fluid can be better perceived with the patient inspiring deeply and with the legs flexed than during expiration with extended legs (JORULF & R Y D  MAN 1965). This subject does not appear to have been treated previously. It was therefore considered of interest to make a detailed analysis of the influence of the respiratory phase as well as of the position of the legs in the supine posture for the demonstration of intraperitoneal fluid in the flanks.


In this study, we analyze borehole data of Bakken wells from both the Cottonwood and the Sanish Field, including density information and seismic P and S wave velocities from Sonic Scanner logs. The Bakken Formation is deeper and thicker in the Sanish Field and is shallower and thinner in the Cottonwood Field. The Upper and Lower Bakken shale units are similar and can be characterized by low density, low P and S wave velocities and low Vp/Vs ratios. The Sonic Scanner data suggest that the Upper and Lower Bakken shales can be treated as VTI media while the Middle Bakken may be considered as seismically isotropic. We simulate different types of models for both fields, including isotropic models, VTI models, HTI models and the combination of VTI and HTI models. We generated full offset elastic synthetic seismograms to simulate the seismic responses of the various models of Bakken Formation. We compare the anisotropic responses with isotropic responses to investigate the effect of anisotropy. Results show that bed thickness, anisotropies of the Upper and Lower Bakken shales, fractures/cracks and fluid fill in the fracture/cracks all have influences on the seismic responses of the Bakken Formation.


The exact preoperative stage of prostatic cancer is the major problem involved in the indications for radical retropubic prostatectomy. A personal technique of prostatic mapping (PM) by means of strategic transrectal ultrasound guided core biopsies is presented as an effort to improve the staging of clinically localized prostatic cancer. PM is able "to photograph" intraprostatic neoplastic spread revealing infiltration of the apex and of the seminal vesicle beaks. Our hope is that, if our results are confirmed, PM will become an important tool in preoperative prostatic cancer staging.


To verify in the official texts emitted by Department of Education , Health department and scientific literature, by means of manuscripts published in periodic as if gave to the process of structuring and implantation of the Program Health in the School. A study is about revision narrative on the basis of official documents, with sights to congregate information related to the quarrels, implementation and implementation of the respective program. The quarrels had remained in the understanding of history and the context politician with respect to the health in the pertaining to school context until the institution of the Program of Health in the School.


Purpose – We investigate the antibias norm, "political correctness" (PC), and explore the consequences of the PC norm for group processes and group performance.

Methodology/approach – We define the term PC as it is used in public discourse and distinguish the PC norm from the related antibias norm of color blindness.

Findings – We suggest that the PC norm may play a unique role in reducing a critical type of uncertainty that would otherwise constrain performance, in particular, group creativity and decision making, in diverse work groups. We then explore the controversial argument that being politically incorrect can actually promote freedom of expression.

Originality/value of chapter – We conclude by reflecting on the costs of the PC norm and why the PC norm may remain prevalent in work groups for some time to come.


In his May 1986 Presidential address retiring I.E. Aust President Bob Davie called on engineers to turn research into salable products/thereby 'developing the generators of wealth' as he called it.


Quantitative analysis of chromium in apples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is presented.A Q-switched Nd∶ YAG laser was used to be the laser source,and an eight-channel spectrometer was used to collect the spectrum.We analyzed the relationship between the spectral intensity and the delay time and it was found that the best delay time is about 1.1 μs.According to the basic formula of spectral quantitative analysis,we established the calibration curve of chromium in apples,and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.985.The average relative error between the measurement content and the actual content is 10.15%.This study shows that the calibration curve of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy works well in detecting the chromium content in apples.


PURPOSE: To provide a device for monitoring the activity of termites, determining the degree of spread and suppressing that spread when the activity of termites is detected later. CONSTITUTION: An under ground feed station having an outside housing 2 with holes 4 permanently planted in an area lower than the level of the ground surface and a cartridge 12 with holes 14 held in that housing so as to be able to be taken out, performs the detection and suppression of termites. When holding the cartridge in the housing, openings in the housing and the cartridge are mutually matched. The cartridge held in the housing contains harmless feed materials for first diagnozing the level of spread of termites. The cartridge of feed is periodically taken out of the housing for inspecting the activity of termites. When the activity of termites is detected, inside the housing, the cartridge of harmless feed is exchanged with the cartridge of feed containing sterilizers. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


THIS ARTICLE PROPOSES TO ANALYSE SHAKESPEARE'S PRESENCE IN MACHADO DE ASSIS' WORKS BY A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE SHORT STORIES PUBLISHED IN DIFFERENT PRODUCTION CONTEXTS. THE PURPOSE CONSISTS IN DEMONSTRATING THE DIVERSITY OF MEANING STAGES OPERATED BY MACHADO DE ASSIS BASED ON THE DIALOGS WITH SHAKESPEARE'S WORKS.


Some methods to reduce project cost in technolgy and management are put forward in order to guarantee the quality and time of the construction.The purpose of it is to help engineering corporation take some palace,add its profit,enlarge its accumulation,promote corporation to strengthen its management in the more and more competitive market.At the same time,some new material and new technology are used as most as possible.The engineering corporation must update timewom management mode and technique and enlarge the technology content of an engineering corporation in order to economize the investment and increase profit of the corporation,so we can reduce the project cost and joint the international market.


the paper presents an analysis of the motorization level in the VolgaGrad region. The lack of places for temporary storage of cars in Volgograd was confirmed and influence degree of parking insufficiency on the deterioration of traffic conditions and the risks of the occurrence of road accidents were assessed. Theoretically were justified and proposed options for the organization of temporary storage of vehicles on the example of the Central District of Volgograd.


Viewers effortlessly decouple action from style for human motion. Regardless of whether style refers to the subtle differences between individuals (John Wayne's walk versus Charlie Chaplin's walk) or to the manner in which the same action is expressed (such as a sad walk versus a nervous walk), the core intent of an action is readily recognizable.