We have developed in this paper a morphological disambiguation hybrid system for the Arabic language that identifies the stem, lemma and root of a given sentence words. Following an out-of-context analysis performed by the morphological analyser Alkhalil Morpho Sys, the system first identifies all the potential tags of each word of the sentence. Then, a disambiguation phase is carried out to choose for each word the right solution among those obtained during the first phase. This problem has been solved by equating the disambiguation issue with a surface optimization problem of spline functions. Tests have shown the interest of this approach and the superiority of its performances compared to those of the state of the art.


The article describes process of creation and filling the subsystem of educational space such as "teacher-child-parents" in the adaptionall period of child's entrance to a school life of system of developing training.


Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is an often fatal disease of unknown cause that primarily affects young women [1]. The relative roles of genetic predisposition, autoimmunity, viral infection, hormonal influences, and environmental and drug exposures are not known. Clinical associations may suggest common underlying etiologic mechanisms. We report four cases of PPH in female patients with low-titer positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and hypothyroidism, raising the possibility of an autoimmune pathogenetic link. Case Reports Patient 1 Exertional dyspnea developed in a 42-year-old Hispanic woman after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in July 1991. In October 1991 chest radiography showed cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary arteries. Echocardiography, pulmonary function testing, a ventilation-perfusion lung scan, and a sleep study were consistent with PPH. Cardiac catheterization showed pulmonary arterial pressures of 80/48 mm Hg. The woman's sister had mixed connective tissue disease. Medications included enalapril, warfarin, and supplemental oxygen. An ANA study was low-titer positive. Catheterization results from February 1992 are shown in Table 1. She entered the prostacyclin trial and was randomized to conventional therapy. In March 1992 she developed right-sided congestive heart failure with ascites and massive peripheral edema, jaundice, elevated liver function tests, a more prolonged prothrombin time, and depression. Results of hepatitis serologic tests were negative. Her thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was 11 mU/L (normal range, 0.5 to 5 mU/L). Low-dose thyroid supplementation (0.025 mg/d) was begun, and her TSH returned to normal in 1 to 2 weeks. Her clinical condition deteriorated and she died in April 1992. An autopsy showed plexiform lesions of the pulmonary arteries consistent with PPH, chronic hepatic congestion, and chronic thyroiditis with fibrosis and follicular atrophy. Table 1. Collagen Vascular Screen and Hemodynamic Data* Patient 2 A 45-year-old white woman had progressive fatigue and exertional dyspnea before 1988, when cardiac catheterization revealed a systolic pulmonary arterial pressure of 120 mm Hg. She had Raynaud phenomenon, a positive result of ANA, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Hypothyroidism had been diagnosed in 1965 and thyroid supplementation begun. Medications in March 1992 included nicardipine, furosemide, potassium supplementation, warfarin, thyroid supplementation, alprazolam, and albuterol and ipratropium bromide inhalers. She had an increased pulmonic closure sound, jugular venous distention, and pitting edema of the lower extremities. Chest radiography, ventilation-perfusion lung scan, echocardiography, and pulmonary function testing were consistent with PPH. A sleep study showed mild nonapneic desaturation. Result of an ANA was low-titer positive. Catheterization results from March 1992 are shown in Table 1. She entered the prostacyclin study, was randomized to prostacyclin plus conventional therapy, and is awaiting lung transplantation. Patient 3 A 33-year-old white woman became ill in 1988 during hospitalization for delivery of her second child. Postpartum cardiac catheterization revealed pulmonary hypertension. Result of an ANA was low-titer positive (Table 1). Her condition worsened, and in July 1991 thyroid tests revealed a TSH of 150 U/L (normal range, 0.5 to 5.0 U/L) and a T4 of 28.3 nmol/L (normal range, 63.1 to 157 nmol/L). Thyroid supplementation was begun at 0.05 mg daily and was increased to 0.088 mg daily. In December 1991 fluid retention, ascites, cyanosis, and worsening exertional dyspnea developed. In January 1992 she had hypotension, perioral and peripheral cyanosis, murmurs of tricuspid and pulmonic insufficiency, jugular venous distention, ascites, pitting edema of the lower extremities, and venous stasis changes. Chest radiography, pulmonary function testing, echocardiography, and a ventilation-perfusion lung scan were consistent with PPH. She was catheterized in January 1992 (see Table 1). She entered the prostacyclin study and was randomized to conventional therapy. Her condition improved with oxygen, warfarin, furosemide, and spironolactone treatment. Twelve weeks later she began prostacyclin [on a continuation study] in addition to her conventional therapy, and she had a single-lung transplantation in December 1992. Patient 4 A 53-year-old white woman noted exertional dyspnea and Raynaud phenomenon in autumn 1990 following nonspecific encephalitis. Echocardiography revealed severe pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular dysfunction. A ventilation-perfusion lung scan was read as being low probability for pulmonary emboli. Catheterization in December 1990 showed pulmonary arterial pressures of 50/25 mm Hg. Her medical history included spontaneous pneumothorax in 1958, reactive airway disease as a child, seasonal rhinitis, systemic hypertension during the past 2 years, and left lower lobe pneumonia in January 1991. Medications in March 1992 included diltiazem, lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, and guanfacine. She had mild systemic hypertension, an accentuated pulmonic heart sound, hepatojugular reflux, mild hepatomegaly, and pitting edema of the ankles. An ANA result was low-titer positive (see Table 1). Chest radiography, pulmonary function testing, echocardiography, and a ventilation-perfusion lung scan were consistent with PPH. She was catheterized in May 1992 (see Table 1). She entered the prostacyclin study and was randomized to receive prostacyclin plus conventional therapy. Thyroid tests in May 1992 (before prostacyclin) showed a TSH of 45 mU/L (normal range, 0.5 to 5.0 mU/L), T4 of 12.87 nmol/L (normal range, 51.5 to 154 nmol/L), and a T3 uptake of 0.38 (normal range, 0.25 to 0.35). Thyroid supplementation was begun. She is awaiting lung transplantation. Discussion We report four cases of hypothyroidism in female patients with severe PPH. Two had elevated TSH levels at our center and two were previously diagnosed and received thyroid supplementation elsewhere. All four patients were women with low-titer-positive ANAs and severe pulmonary hypertension in the absence of secondary causes. Two had Raynaud phenomenon. One woman was diagnosed with hypothyroidism before PPH was diagnosed. Except for a single case of chronic thyroiditis associated with pulmonary hypertension reported from Japan in 1968 [2], we believe this is the first report of a possible association between PPH and hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction is frequently of autoimmune causes and is associated with other autoimmune diseases. Abnormal thyroid tests are common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus [3]. Elevation of anti-DNA antibody titer has been reported during the thyrotoxic phase of silent thyroiditis [4] and in Grave disease [5]. Autoimmune thyroiditis occurs in scleroderma [6] and the Sjogren syndrome [7]. Pulmonary hypertension has been associated with autoimmune diseases including scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, and mixed connective tissue disease [8-10]. Low-titer-positive ANAs occur in patients with PPH [1, 11]. Autoantibodies to Ku, a DNA-binding protein, which are found in some cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, myositis, and the Sjogren syndrome, have recently been reported in a subset of patients (23%) with PPH [12]. An autoimmune pathogenetic link between hyperthyroidism and PPH was proposed in the report of a single case [13]. Coexistence of hypothyroidism and PPH also raises the possibility of an underlying autoimmune process, which may be an important clue to the cause of PPH in this subgroup of patients. Raynaud phenomenon occurs in PPH [1] and in hypothyroidism, where it has been shown to improve with thyroid supplementation [14-16], suggesting a causal relationship [15]. Pulmonary artery vasospasm may precede chronic pulmonary hypertension and play an etiologic role [17]. Thus, thyroid hormone may play a vascular stabilizing role and thyroid insufficiency could contribute to vasospasm in Raynaud phenomenon and pulmonary hypertension. An association between PPH and hypothyroidism might be important for several reasons: It suggests an underlying autoimmune process contributing to both disorders; thyroid insufficiency could contribute to vasoconstriction; and monitoring of thyroid function may be indicated in PPH to avoid underdiagnosis of hypothyroidism. A prospective study is needed to validate our findings but may require considerable time to complete given the low prevalence of primary pulmonary hypertension.


Represented by Nurhaci and Abahai,the governing class of Later Jin(1616-1636) put forward a series of policies directing towards Han ethnic group.The policy on Han ethnic group referred to the combination of series adjustments of the ethnic relationships and the relevant measures and regulations dealing with ethnic issues between Han and Manchu.The formation of such policies involved with the influence of the objective environment as well as the feudal governors' subjective wills of Later Jin(1616-1636).


In order to solve the problem whether it is possible to use "middle-mass molecules" for the purposes of forensic medicine, their content has been measured in a lung tissue extract of persons who died at an early stage of the antemortem period. It has been found out that "middle-mass molecules" are detected in an extract of the lung tissue of persons who died immediately after an injury, within a short period of time (from several minutes to some tens of minutes) and in 1 to 2 hours after being injured. Moreover, their quantitative content in those who died 1 to 2 hours after the injury is statistically different from other groups of injured persons (р<0,05).


Ai Xiaoming: I didn't prepare much. Yesterday, Professor Zhang gave a talk to the undergraduates on 'Urban Modernity and Female Screen Presence.'1 Today, we would like her to introduce some researc...


This article considers compositional practice in relation to Timothy Morton's ideas around the hyperobject. The aim is not to analyse compositional practice through the prism of the hyperobject or indeed apply the concept to composition, rather, I allude to Morton's ideas as a way to think through some aspects of compositional practice. In particular a move away from compositional conventions, such as "the work" or the "singular creator", which will be discussed in relation to two of my recent projects Auricularis Superior and Decay. Compositional practice for me deals with the situated peculiarity of the human condition, and in a time when our world is changing, it too, must consider these changes and respond. After all, its core material, that of sound, is an unframable hyperobject, made up of human, non-human, animate and unanimate utterances that have existed and will continue to exist beyond human existence.


The process of modernization in the judiciary that is consolidated in Venezuela from the year 2002 with the implementation of the system of management, decision and Documentation Juris 2000, to ensure the transparency of the judicial operations and an effective control of the user to obtain accurate information about their cases, has generated irregularities in the provision of the judicial service with reason to the limitations in the technical certification of judicial proceedings. In this sense, be considered emblematic cases, such as the removal of the civil courts of Caracas, which undertakes the compliance of procedural guarantees of character as the constitutional due process, caused by the restricted reliability of this system in your electronic records and is to be assessed on the basis of an investigation by the year 2002 the security of the system and its potential risks in the consistency of the information recorded.From these considerations, it intends to analyze how it has affected the systematization to legal security that provides due process in the constitutional article 49, with the purpose of defining critical considerations and recommendations, leading to improve the automated service of the administration of Venezuelan justice.It will depart from the historical review of the judicial reform process established in the administration of justice since 1999, and a descriptive research documentary that allows structuring actions based on the analysis of those situations that impair the due


Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a transparent conducting oxide used in a variety of optoelectronic applications. In order to optimize the electrical conductivity of ITO thin films it is necessary to determine this property as a function of optimum electron concentration (e.g., doping of In2O3 with Sn). A new software program called CRYSTAL 92 is used to determine the energy band diagrams of In2O3 and In2O3 doped with Sn. Using the curvature of the conduction bands, the effective mass of the electrons is estimated and an empirical relationship is established between the effective mass and free carrier concentration using experimentally observed optical effective mass values. The importance of the varying electron effective mass in the prediction of the electron mobility, and hence the electrical conductivity, is shown here by comparing the published experimental results with the estimated results. The limiting factor in the electron mobility appears to be either grain boundary scattering or ion impurity scatteri...


Objective To investigate the effect of dietary iron supply on oxidative stress in psychological stress(PS) rats so as to provide a basis for the iron supply for PS exposed people.Methods A total of 48 SD rats were divided into two groups,control group and PS group,and each group was subdivided into three subgroups: low iron,moderately iron and high iron subgroups.A PS model was created in rats by a communication box.The iron concentration of the liver and the level of MDA,GSH,SOD and GSH-PX activity were determined one week later.Results PS treatment significantly increased the concentration of iron,MDA and GSH-PX activity in the liver,but decreased the activity of SOD and GSH in the liver(P0.05).A dose-dependent iron concentration,MDA and GSH-PX activity in the liver were increased,and the activity of SOD and GSH was decreased by iron supplementation(P0.05).Conclusion Iron supplementation augments the oxidative stress in PS rats,so that people under PS should be cautious about iron supplementation to avoid iron overload.


Label-free detection of telomerase activity was done by using telomeric hemin/G-quadruplex triggered polyaniline deposition, not only on themselves but also on the DNA tetrahedron-structure (DTS). DTS size has a great impact on telomerase accessibility, reactivity and detection sensitivity. The method has been used to evaluate bladder cancer development.


Photodynamic therapy involves the use of light to activate a photosensitizer, localized in diseased skin, resulting in the formation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Topical photodinamic therapy (PDT) is used to treat nonmelanoma skin cancers, such as actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, and basal cell carcinoma, superficial as well as nodular. This article presents up-to-date, practical recommendations on the use of topical PDT using 5-aminolevulinic acid or methyl aminolevulinate for the treatment as well as prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancers. A systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, and recommendations were made on the basis of the quality of evidence for efficacy, tolerability and cosmetic outcome. Most authors concluded that topical PDT is highly effective in the treatment of actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, superficial and thin nodular basal cell carcinomas, with cosmetic typically superior to that achieved with existing standard therapies. Photodynamic therapy may also be a means of preventing certain nonmelanoma skin cancers in immunosuppressed patients.


Rhinosporidiosis is an infectious, granulomatous, mucocutaneous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, which affects mainly the naso-oropharynx and occasionally the conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, urethra, penis, vagina, larynx, sinuses, and skin. It occurs worldwide and has been reported in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia, with the highest incidences registered in India and Sri Lanka. Infection occurs after inoculation of spores found in stagnant water ponds, lakes, and rivers, and even in dust. In the nasal mucosa, the disease manifests as a red or pink polypoid mass, which can be confused with malignant lesions, especially when ulcerated. Diagnosis is made by histopathologic and/or cytologic examination.


In order to understand the load sharing and settlement reduction behaviour of circular piled raft resting on sand, 1 g model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameter analysed were length, diameter and number of piles. The load-settlement response curves obtained were analysed and characterized. The characteristic response exhibited three phase behaviour irrespective of pile parameters and density of sand bed. The stiffness of piled raft system in the third phase is almost equal to raft-soil stiffness, which indicates that, piles perform essentially settlement reducer rather than load sharing members. Finite element analysis using MISO idealisation for soil compares well with the experimental findings. At lower settlements piles share more load whereas raft shares higher load with increase in settlement.


Dyson famously provided combinatorial explanations for Ramanujan's partition congruences modulo $5$ and $7$ via his rank function, and postulated that an invariant explaining all of Ramanujan's congruences modulo $5$, $7$, and $11$ should exist. Garvan and Andrews-Garvan later discovered such an invariant called the crank, fulfilling Dyson's goal. Many further examples of congruences of partition functions are known in the literature. In this paper, we provide a framework for discovering and proving the existence of such invariants for families of congruences and partition functions. As a first example, we find a family of crank functions that simultaneously explains most known congruences for colored partition functions. The key insight is to utilize a powerful recent theory of theta blocks due to Gritsenko, Skoruppa, and Zagier. The method used here should be useful in the study of other combinatorial functions.


Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) applied at 0.6 to 1.2 kg/ha as 5 or 10% pellets during the summer or fall usually killed 90% or more of the rayless goldenrod [Isocoma wrightii (Gray) Rydb.] on sandy loam soils in western Texas, whereas the higher rates were necessary for 80% or greater control following winter applications. Acceptable control persisted for 4 yr. Applications of tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea}at 1.1 kg/ha as 20% pellets during summer controlled 85% of the rayless goldenrod, but summer applications of tebuthiuron at 0.6 kg/ha or winter applications at 0.6 or 1.1 kg/ha did not control the weed effectively. Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) applied at 0.6 or 1.1 kg/ha as 5% granules did not control rayless goldenrod. Prescribed burning in late February reduced the density of rayless goldenrod 18 to 41%, but decreased control with soil-applied picloram or tebuthiuron. Reduction in rayless goldenrod densities of 75% or greater following applications of picloram or tebuthiuron pellets more than doubled the estimated carrying capacity of the arid rangeland.


The effect of variable blood sample volume on the accuracy of 11 glucose meters was studied to verify the reliability of self-monitoring of blood glucose. A total of 11 meters were assessed: OneTouch FastTake, OneTouch Basic, OneTouch Profile, and SureStep (LifeScan Canada, Burnaby, B.C., Canada); AccuSoft Advantage and AccuSoft Manager (Roche, Hoffman-LaRoche, Laval, P.Q., Canada); Precision Pen and Precision QID (MediSense Canada, Mississauga, ON, Canada); and Glucometer Elite, Glucometer Elite XL, and Glucometer DEX (Bayer, Toronto, ON, Canada). Venous blood collected from …


A mobile terminal capable of accessing a wireless network using an earlier (i.e. 2G) and a later (i.e. 3G and LTE) generation radio access technology (RAT) to establish a voice channel and packet data channel. The mobile terminal is configured to monitor a condition for disabling the earlier generation access, the condition being other than coverage under the earlier generation technology falling below an acceptable lower level. The condition for disabling access may relate to activity on the packet data channel 206, good coverage of the later generation RAT 204 or inactivity on the voice channel 208. The mobile terminal makes inter-RAT decisions dynamically by updating registration with the network to indicate that the earlier generation technology is no longer supported thereby preventing the mobile terminal being subject to decisions from the network that would otherwise impose transfer to the earlier generation. Thus, at least some of the decisions made from the mobile terminal disable the earlier generation access whilst in presence of at least the lower level of coverage under the earlier generation.


To the Editor: Re: Catheter ablation of right ventricular outflow tract. The article by Vaseghi et al.1 highlights the important spatial relationship of proximal portions of the right and left coronary arteries to the right ventricular outflow tract. They referred to the septal and high septal regions of the right ventricular outflow tract as being closest to the coronary arteries. Although widely used among arrhythmologists, the term "septal" obfuscates the anatomic fact that this part of the muscular infundibulum, the distal-most part of the right ventricular outlet, abuts the aortic sinuses from which the left and right coronary arteries arise.2-4 This relationship allows the cardiac surgeon to remove the entire pulmonary valve together with its adjoining subvalvar infundibulum for use as an autograft yet leaving the ventricular septum intact. By using the terms "septal" and "high septal" when carrying ablations in this region of the right ventricular outflow tract gives the impression that the main stems of the coronary arteries are remote and are not at risk of trauma. Vaseghi et al.1 have shown elegantly this is not always the case. It would be more accurate and useful for understanding the anatomy of


We developed K.K.S. (Keio-Kyocera Series) THA sytem. The aim is to develop original THA system suitable for Japanese patients. We produced MCF (means Medullary Canal Filling) stem, based on the anatomical anlysis of Japanese typical osteoarthritic patients (53 cases) by the measurements with CT scan. By the use of this stem, excellent canal fitting and initial rigid fixation can be obtained. We used this stem together with non-cement porous socket from 1992. At first the surface of this stem was smooth (S groupe), from 1994 the surface was altered to porous surface (P groupe), and then from 1995 HA coating to porous surface (H groupe) was added. The purpose of this study is to compare the biological fixation ability among stems with same shape and different surface. Material and methods: Materials were patients for which Non-cement K.K.S. THA was done, 33 cases, 35 joints. Average age at operation was 55 (43-64) years old. Follow-up terms were 5-8 years. According to stem surface, all cases were divided to 3 groupes (S: 14 joints, P: 10 joints, H: 11 joints) and evaluated clinically and radiographically. The evaluation was done at the point of 5 years after operation for all cases. Clinically existence of thigh pain was evaluated. Radiographically sinking of the stem and osteolysis around femur were evaluated. Results: Thigh pain was existed on S group: 6/14; 43%, P groupe: 0/10; 0%, H groupe: 2/11; 18%. Stem sinking was seen only on S groupe: 12/14; 84%. Osteolysis was seen only on 1 joint in S groupe. The result of S groupe was apparently poor clinically and radiographically. Conclusion: To keep the early biological fixation of stem, not only anatomical shape for getting excellent canal fitting but also porous surface structure is needed.


The numerical simulation of gas flow field of 3 different cone dimensions and long-coned cyclones were presented,using commercial CFD package FLUENT.The accuracy of the simulation was tested by the available experimental data.Simulation results show that the higher peak of tangential velocity in a cyclone of a small cone leads to higher collection efficiency and axial velocity of long-coned cyclone shows an unstable gas flow field and short-circuiting flow.Stable flow field can be achieved by improved geometries of long-coned cyclone.The CFD simulation is capable of predicting changes resulting from cyclone configuration modification.


Cockroaches are usually major carriers of pathogenic bacteria, prompting economic and serious health risk problem for humans by carrying bacteria and allergens. This study focuses on isolation of bacteria from Periplaneta americana in Medical City Hospital in Baghdad. In total, thirty adult cockroaches were collected randomly in February 2017. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done for each bacterial species. In total, 21 bacterial isolates were identified. The most common diagnostic bacterium isolated from the cockroaches was found to be Klebsiella pneumoniae (33.33%). Coagulase -ve Staphylococci were found in 19% of the isolates. About 42.8% of cockroach bacterial isolates were found to express ESβLs trait while 19% of isolates expressed MβLs trait. Two isolates harbored the blaTEM ESβLs gene. None of the isolates harbored blaIMP, blaCTX or blaVIM. Current study indicates that Periplaneta americana is reservoirs for bacterial isolates which produce ESβLs and MβLs.


Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is damage in the brain caused by a traumatically injuring external force. To observe its severity, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Computed Tomography (CT) scan are used. In addition, D-dimer as an end product of fibrinolytic activity is proposed as the predictor of TBI outcome. The increase of D-dimer value is correlated with severity. CT-scan is too expensive and requires patients' mobility that can cause worse incidents. The aim of this study was to correlate between D-dimer and GCS in patients with traumatic brain injury. The cross sectional observational analytic design was carried out in the study. The TBI patients with 24 hours onset admitted to Emergency Room Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta will be included with inclusion and exclusion criteria consecutively. Glasgow coma scale was measured and plasma D-Dimer was examined using Nycocard with immunofiltration method. Correlation between plasma D-Dimer and Glasgow Coma Scale was tested using Pearson Correlation when the population distribution was normal and Spearman when it was not normally distributed. There was a strong negative correlation between D-dimer and Glasgow Coma Scale (r=-0.622; p<0.001) and Prothrombin Time with D-dimer value (r=0527; p<0.001). Moreover, it was found that haemoglobin had a correlation with D-dimer (r=-0.517; p=0.001). Haemoglobin and PT had a correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale (r=0.419 vs -0.591; p<0.001) and neutrophil had poor correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale (r=- 0.336; p=0.034). In conclusion, there was a strong negative correlation between degradation product of cross-linked fibrin (D-dimer) and Glasgow Coma Scale in patients with traumatic brain injury. Keywords : D-Dimer - Glasgow Coma Scale - Traumatic Brain Injury - CT scan - correlation /* Style Definitions */
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This study was aimed to determined of the potential level of rhizomes from Indonesia as an antioxidant. The calculated of potential level rhizome based on the total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity.The phenolic compound was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method expressed in IC50. Potential level was calculated by comparing the value of total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity. The results showed that red ginger ( Zingiber officinale var Rubrum) had the highest a phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore that red ginger, Zingiber officinale var Rubrum is the most potential level as an antioxidant followed by Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, and Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.


Simple Summary Hyperpolarized 129Xe (HP 129Xe) MRI was used to demonstrate the feasibility of targeted imaging of lung cancer using two cancer-specific surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as negative contrast agents; polyethylene glycol-coated IONPs (PEG-IONPs), and dextran-coated IONPs conjugating folate on their surface (FA@Dex-IONPs). After the intravenous injection of IONPs, HP 129Xe signal reductions were observed at cancer sites for both PEG-IONPs and FA@Dex-IONPs administered in mice. By targeted imaging with HP 129Xe MRI, characteristic differences in pharmacokinetics between PEG-IONPs and FA@Dex-IONPs were successfully monitored. In particular, FA@Dex-IONPs were found to show superior pharmacokinetics for HP 129Xe MRI in terms of prolonged clearance due to their binding to overexpressed folate receptors in lung cancer cells. Abstract Hyperpolarized 129Xe (HP 129Xe) MRI enables functional imaging of various lung diseases but has been scarcely applied to lung cancer imaging. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of targeted imaging of lung cancer with HP 129Xe MRI using surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as molecular targeting contrast agents. A mouse model of lung cancer (LC) was induced in nine mice by intra-peritoneal injection of urethane. Three months after the urethane administration, the mice underwent lung imaging with HP 129Xe MRI at baseline (0 h). Subsequently, the LC group was divided into two sub-groups: mice administered with polyethylene glycol-coated IONPs (PEG-IONPs, n = 4) and folate-conjugated dextran-coated IONPs (FA@Dex-IONPs, n = 5). The mice were imaged at 3, 6, and 24 h after the intravenous injection of IONPs. FA@Dex-IONPs mice showed a 25% reduction in average signal intensity at cancer sites at 3 h post injection, and a 24% reduction at 24 h post injection. On the other hand, in PEG-IONPs mice, while a signal reduction of approximately 28% was observed at cancer sites at 3 to 6 h post injection, the signal intensity was unchanged from that of the baseline at 24 h. Proton MRI of LC mice (n = 3) was able to detect cancer five months after urethane administration, i.e., later than HP 129Xe MRI (3 months). Furthermore, a significant decrease in averaged 1H T2 values at cancer sites was observed at only 6 h post injection of FA@Dex-IONPs (p < 0.05). As such, the targeted delivery of IONPs to cancer tissue was successfully imaged with HP 129Xe MRI, and their surface modification with folate likely has a high affinity with LC, which causes overexpression of folate receptors.


This study shows the frequency of this pathology in the persons who are relatively old, with male predominance that the main etiology is the cancer of the pancreas head. In general, clinically, the intensity of icterus increases progressively, nude, painless, apyrescia, often preceded of extensive loss of weight. The biologic examinations show a cholestase syndrome. The other perturbations are due to the oldness of the affection, the existence of a complication or the impact of the cancer on the general state. The echography is the first morphologic examination, that emphasizes a dilatation of the biliary ducts and specifies the level of the obstacle. Now, the scanner and the echoendoscopy permit a better study of the localization and the tumoral spreading. The purpose of the treatment is the tumoral resection and the restoration of the biliary flow, but these two purposes can't be reached in all cases : the tumor can be unextirpable or the surgical risk of the resection is considerated as unacceptable. In this case a biliary derivation alone can be realized surgically or by non surgical techniques that the main one is the endoscopic metallic prothesis. The prognosis of the pathology depends on the localization and the stage of the tumor discovery. The cancers that appear as a jaundice only in advanced stage of the disease and the absence of effective adjuvant treatment confirm the gravity of this pathology.


In coordination with Easter Seals Project ACTION (ESPA) and with support from Noblis, Accessible Transportation Technologies Research Initiative (ATTRI) held an online dialogue from May 15-June 6, 2014 to garner input on mobility and transportation technology for travelers with disabilities. Participants were asked to consider both new technology or post ideas about ways to improve existing transportation technology. Through the online dialogue, ATTRI received input on the subject of accessible transportation technology, with a thoughtful discussion of the benefits and challenges of the different technology solutions. Examples of technology discussed by dialogue participants include mobile applications for navigation and wayfinding, use of smart devices to provide traveler assistance for people with cognitive disabilities or who have difficulties communicating with the operator, use of advanced communication technology for improving the safety of pedestrian signal crossings, use of smart devices for multi-modal trip planning, and improving coordination of and scheduling of human services transportation. In this report, the ATTRI team further analyzed the most popular topics discussed in the dialogue that were within the scope of ATTRI's research program for the next five years. The top five ideas align with the potential ATTRI application areas identified in the draft ATTRI Strategic Plan (July 7, 2014). These potential application areas focus on the emerging themes for ATTRI – personal mobility, wayfinding, connectivity, information sharing and coordination.


Dear Sir, Non–HIV-related immunosuppression is becoming recognized as the major risk factor for developing visceral leishmaniasis [VL]. A 20-year-old woman with Crohn's disease [CD] [A1 L1 B3] diagnosed 10 years ago, in maintenance treatment with Azathioprine, was admitted for 2 months of fever and mesogastric discomfort. She also had dysuria and fecaluria. The abdominal examination revealed splenomegaly. Pancytopenia, non-existent in previous laboratory data, was detected (hemoglobin 8 g/dL, neutropenia of 900/mm3 and thrombocytopenia of 74 000/mm3). A CT scan detected ileal stenosis with enteroenteric and enterovesical fistulas and a large splenomegaly of 20 cm. Empirical treatment with Piperacillin–Tazobactam i.v. was started without response, with fever persistence and worsening of pancytopenia. Epstein Barr virus antibody IgM and a monoclonal IgG/K peak were detected. In order to discard a hematological malignancy, a bone marrow (B.M) biopsy was performed. No lymphoproliferative or microorganisms infiltration was observed. A neck and thorax CT scan gave no evidence of adenopathies or mediastinal masses. Finally, the patient underwent surgery, due to her fistulizing Crohn's disease. An ileocecectomy and ileocolic anastomosis with enterovesical fistula closure was the elective surgery. Previously, the multidisciplinary team had also decided to perform a diagnostic splenectomy in order to clarify the etiology of the splenomegaly. Histological study of splenic tissue revealed VL amastigotes (Figure 1). Liposomal B Amphotericin treatment was started, with successful evolution and complete clinical and analytical recovery. Cases reported up to the date of VL infection in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are very rare and none of them have been reported during treatment with Azathioprine.1 Immunosuppression is one of the strongest risk factors for developing Leishmania infection. The role of immunosuppressive conditions unrelated to HIV2–3 should be highlighted, most of these conditions belonging to the field of transplantation, rheumatology or oncology; the cases associated with IBD are exceptional. The clinical presentation may simulate other infections, which are frequent in these patients, or a relapse of the underlying disease, and it can lead to an inappropriate increase in immunosuppressive drug use. Misdiagnosis and delay in the establishment of an adequate treatment can occur.3 It is important to note the limited sensitivity for B.M. aspirate (sensitivity 50–70%), making splenectomy occasionally necessary (sensitivity 98%),4 as in our case. Consequently, although CD itself does not predispose to VL development, the use of immunosuppressive drugs for maintaining remission in these patients increases the risk of VL. ECCO guidelines on opportunistic infections include a section on prevention of insects bites; although the recommendation is focused on immunocompromised IBD travellers, it is important to notice that LV is endemic in the Mediterranean Basin (including southern Spain, Portugal, Italy and Sicily).5 Therefore, in immunosuppressed IBD patients with persistent fever, splenomegaly and pancytopenia, the exclusion of VL should be necessary, especially in areas where Leishmania is endemic.2–3


Abstract Early trauma is associated with compromised health and well-being in later life, but whether social functioning mediates the association is unclear. Participants in the Health and Retirement Study (n = 15,946) had baseline surveys in years 2006 and 2008 (T1), and were followed up twice (T2-3) every 4 years. Health outcomes included depressive symptoms, chronic health conditions, and subjective memory complaints. Social relationships were measured by contacts, relationship strains, and feelings of loneliness. Early trauma was measured by parental physical abuse and alcohol and drug problems in the family before the age of 16. Social contacts decreased over time, while relationship strains and loneliness increased especially for older adults with early trauma, which in turn mediated the associations between early trauma and poorer health in later life. The findings suggested that maintaining positive social relationships are beneficial for better health in late life, especially for individuals with early trauma exposures.


In this paper, a new selection of factors for the construction of the minimum polynomial of a supermatrix M is proposed, leading to null polynomials of M of lower degree than the degree of the corresponding polynomial obtained by using the method proposed in the work of Urrutia and Morales [1]. The case of (1 + 1) × (1 + 1) supermatrices has been completely discussed. Moreover, the main theorem concerning the construction of the minimum polynomial as a product of factors from the characteristic polynomial in the general case of (m + n) × (m + n) supermatrices is given. Finally, we prove that the minimum polynomial of a supermatrix M, in general, is not unique.


The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the level of functioning (LoF) and a number of variables: sociodemographic variables, physical and mental health of people over 65 years. The sample (N = 555) was a random sample from Madrid Region. Mental disorders were evaluated with the CIDI65+ and LoF with the WHODAS II and the HoNOS65+. Analysis of means, ANOVAs, Bonferroni adjustment, and a multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Women have a lower LoF than men and LoF decreases with age. Physical and mental disorders have a similar impact on LoF. The variables that have a greater impact on LoF are the number of psychological symptoms, the presence of any mental disorder, a worse financial situation, being older, and giving little importance to religious beliefs. I N F O R M A C I Ó N D E L A R T Í C U L O Historia del artículo: Recibido el 10 de septiembre de 2018 Aceptado el 5 de marzo de 2019 Online el 29 de abril de 2019 Palabras clave: Nivel de funcionamiento Salud mental Salud física, Trastorno mental Personas mayores


The field of biomedical engineering often involves research with a requirement for novel
methods of data acquisition. A purely engineering type of approach applied to a biomedical
situation may not be an ideal solution, particularly when patients are involved in a study.
Interdisciplinary collaboration between medical experts and engineering researchers allows
the work to progress with an improved quality of results.
A collaborative research effort involving the Royal Brisbane Children's Hospital and the
Queensland University of Technology has been looking a gait analysis of children who
require the assistance of walking frames. Gait analysis normally involves only the
measurement of forces acting on the floor over which the patient is walking. When a walking
frame is used, some of the forces are exerted through the frame, rather than the floor, and
this information is lost.
This research requires the measurement of forces on the walking frame using methods that
are suitable for the gait laboratory environment. Involvement from the medical fields allowed
an engineering solution to be designed that met the needs of the required measurements
and at the same time considered the suitability of the equipment from a medical perspective.


Reducing the carbon dioxide emissions has become the consensus and goals of the international community and the seabed sequestration of carbon dioxide is one important way to achieve the carbon dioxide emission reduction. The seabed sequestration of carbon dioxide has attracted extensive attention from the developed countries and the developing countries for its advantages and huge potential contributions to economize energy resources. In this paper, the development status of the seabed sequestration of carbon dioxide is presented and the advantages and disadvantages of the seabed sequestration of carbon dioxide in China are analyzed. Moreover,the main bottlenecks of the seabed sequestration of carbon dioxide are discussed and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are displayed.


Being a reflcetion of social and cultrual life, English presents itself a typical language in terms of sex discrimination, which is embodied in various applications of this language in hosts of specified scenes directly or indirectlyWith feminism springing up, the English language witnessed increasing promotions occurring in the environment of humanism, which causes the gradual decline of using negative expressions involving sex discrimination The application of sex syndrome in words has become an inevitable tendency in the development of society


Abstract Health examination surveys (HES) are one of the key data sources for health policy formulation and evaluation as well as monitoring of several health related Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and other internationally agreed indicators for NCDs. The presentation will 1) highlight importance of health examination surveys in reporting accurately SDG and other internationally agreed NCD indicators; 2) Identify internationally agreed NCD indicators for which HES is used as data source; 3) give an overview of current levels of implementation of HES in the WHO European Region; and 4) Briefly describe available WHO tools related to HES.


Anytime algorithms allow a practitioner to trade-off runtime for solution quality. This is of particular interest in multiobjective optimization since it might be infeasible to identify the Pareto set in a reasonable amount of time. We present a theoretical model to characterize the trade-off between solution quality, in terms of relative hypervolume, and runtime for exact anytime algorithms for biobjective optimization problems. Our model works under some basic assumptions, such as, Pareto optimal solutions are collected sequentially and the Pareto front can be well approximated by a quadrant of a particular superellipse. We validate our model against an anytime algorithm based on the -constraint approach for the biobjective unconstrained knapsack problem.


For target tracking applications, small wireless sensors provide accurate information since they can be deployed and operated near the phenomenon. These sensing devices have the opportunity of collaboration amongst themselves to improve the target localization and tracking accuracies. Distributed data fusion architecture provides a collaborative tracking framework. Due to the energy constraints of these small, sensing and wireless communicating devices, a common trend is to put some of them into a dormant state. In addition to a selective sensor activation strategy based on the maximum mutual information metric, in this paper, we devise the Information-Controlled Transmission Power (ICTP) adjustment in order to improve the energy savings. The essence of the proposed ICTP scheme for collaborative target tracking lies behind the idea that the sensors with more information use higher transmission powers than the sensors with less information in order to share their target state information with the neighboring sensors.


Sixteen young adult male stutterers read a 207-word passage five times in succession under two conditions. In one condition the passage was exactly the same in all five readings. In the second cond...


The laboratory tests of biooxidation and cyanidation were carried out by using samples of the complex refractory gold ore from China. The elemental composition was 16.8 % iron, 18.6 % sulfur, 4.88 % arsenic,2.30 % carbon and 3.49 % antimony. Gold is assayed at 46 g/t. The arsenic oxidation of 88.11 %,carbon removal rate of 32.34 % and antimony oxidation of 23.92 % over 16d was achieved in shake flasks in the presence of the mixed culture (HQ0211: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans). The continuous bioreactor tests resulted in greater dissolution rates for arsenic, carbon and antimony, which led to a greater extent of sulphide oxidation within a shorter period of time. The maximum oxidation of arsenic and antimony was 90.72 % and 40.09 % respectively and the removal rate of carbon is 63.48% after 8d in the continuous bioreactor tests. After bioleaching, the gold recovery of the oxidation residue was 98.02 % with the cyanidation method, which was showed the biological pretreatment was applicable to the complex refractory gold ore.


The major public health issue now is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 disease that detected in China at the end of 2019 and caused a large global outbreak, World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that this disease become pandemic, the information's about COVID-19 under update till now and different therapeutic strategies still suggesting, the present study introduced An in silico approach to design potential siRNA molecules of SARS-CoV-2 targeting Virus structural genes, as a preliminary opinion for COVID-19 inhibition the structural genes included spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane protein (M) and nucleocapsid protein (N) the sequence data of SARS-CoV-2 (MN908947 3) used for siRNA designing by siDIRECT bioinformatics tools, the results show there were 177, 539, 27 and 106 siRNA molecules of N, S, E and M genes respectively, then the choosing of some siRNA molecules Tm, low off-targets effect and mismatches nucleotides resulted 18, 24, 2 and 9 siRNA molecules of N, S, E and M genes respectively, the siRNA for the structural proteins were low Tm, low off-targets effect, targeted more than one region at same gene, and molecule sequence started from 30-100 n downstream gene beginning Study concluded that the dealing with short genes of SARS-CoV-2 was more benefits for siRNA design and targeted more than one gene at the same time may introduce promising results in vivo experiments © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications All rights reserved


Background and Objectives  Neonates undergoing exchange transfusion require < 5‐day‐old red cells suspended in plasma. This study assesses the effect of replacing the saline, adenine, glucose and mannitol (SAGM) of prion reduced (P‐Capt) red cells with either methylene blue–treated plasma (MBTFFP) or OctaplasLG to reduce the risk of variant Creutzfelt–Jakob disease transmission.


This paper study the effect of cornea shape on optical imaging of the human eyes for future constructing a human eye model using ray tracing method in optical design software Zemax. Theoretical calculation results show that geometric image is best when the cornea's front surface radius being 7.8mm and gets bad away from 7.8mm. When the cornea's front surface radius is 7.8±0.015mm, the image can't be recognized. Further, calculation RMS radius shows the radius is smallest when the cornea's front surface radius being 7.8mm and gets big when away from 7.8mm.


Results: Several cognitive biases were found to be relevant for diagnostics, decision making, treatment and practice management: the tailored framing of the communication content changes the perception of risks and influences the placebo and nocebo effects. The status quo bias may explain why patients tend to avoid undergoing reasonable treatment due to loss aversion. Affect heuristics shows the dependence of decision making on current emotions, which are rarely beneficial for the patient. Both the confirmation bias and attribution error affect diagnostics; facts supporting the initial diagnosis are given preferential consideration and the symptoms of patients who are perceived as difficult characters may be ignored or conveniently classified as psycho-somatic. The anchoring effect demonstrates why initial information has a disproportionate influence on the diagnosis. The overconfidence bias results in the practitioner's distorted self-perception, which can result in errors in diagnostics and therapy. Priming can direct the patient's perception towards a more positive outcome. The peak-end rule states that the recollection of a treatment is mainly influenced by the most aversive and final stimulus. The hindsight and outcome biases illustrate the tendency to remember a past experience in a distorted manner after events occur, thus underlining the importance of detailed patient records. The perception of the dentist's competence depends not only on dental skills, but due to the halo and nocebo effects, also on the environment, circumstances and style of communication.


In addition to (±)-4-methyl-6-isobutenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-pyran with many available synthetic sequences, (±)-4-methyl-6-isobutenyl-5, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran (nerol oxide, 1) and (±)-2(1'-methylvinyl)-5-methyl-5-vinyltetrahydrofuran (desoxide, 2) are the important principals of natural rose oil. Only a report concerning the syntheses of and has appeared so far in Ref. [3]. Rose bengal sensitized photooxidation of nerol, followed by reduction and dilute acid catalyzed cyclolization gave and simultaneously, thus, it was suggested that both and were derived from the same precursor, nerol, in the plant. Here we wish to report a new synthetic route of the title perfume compounds with an abundant domestic resource, lina-


Based on the complex theory viewpoint,from his best form of the hierarchy,the dynamic and form the relationship between the impact factor,this paper discusses the personal sports competitive state of the complexity of the formation characteristics,Research thinks that particular athletes of the formation of the optimum form training must have an overall,orderly,specific training plan,and seriously implement,otherwise we cannot attain the best competitive state;In most cases from specific trainees are a kind of absolute good,or another kind of absolute difference training program or system;In addition to pay special attention to the training of the link,cannot ignore innate factors selection and training environment construction problems;Athletes in the process of development a stage to achieve the ideal competitive state,in order to continue to progress,we must abandon the old state and get new state for establishing the basic,requires the essential to athletes in the process of training all the components of the ingredients,modification and optimization combination.


In 1965 Adorno published an essay in honor of Siegfried Kracauer under the title "Der wunderliche Realist"; the translation "The Curious Realist" perhaps does not render all of the German connotations. It is slightly ironic as some of you may know that Kracauer did not particularly like this essay. As I stand before you, I feel oddly unreal relating to you my memories of a man who was one of my oldest intimate friends: while you come together here to explore "objectively," as it were, some of his intellectual achievements, I primarily think of him as part of a circle of more or less close friends with whom I lived through the 20th century and with whom I maintained a continuous personal relationship from my early adulthood until his death. It is not the first time that I have been called upon, as a survivor, to speak about some of my contemporaries, be it Adorno, Benjamin, Horkheimer, Marcuse, Bloch, or Lukaics, and every time I have had the uncanny feeling that I was acting as the historian of my own history. I have to guard against the narcissistic impulse to speak about myself while speaking about the others a double bind which is hard to avoid and I apologize beforehand if the "I" seems to loom too large in what I intend to relate to you. In an interview about our circle, later named the Frankfurt School, I once said we did not expect this fame. It is possible that some of us really waited for it. But now fame has overtaken all of us you hear


This paper explores the "optional instrument" as a regulatory tool in European private law. The term "optional instrument" or "28th Regime" refers to supranational corporate forms, legal titles or legal instruments which provide an alternative model for doing business throughout the European Union while leaving national laws untouched. After distinguishing different modes of optional law, the paper provides an overview of optional instruments that already exist or are proposed in European company law, intellectual property law, insurance contract law and sales law. It then identifies common features and problems of the 28th Regime, from its appropriate legal basis and the need for an optional instrument to its scope of application, its interface with national law and its relationship to private international law. Finally, the paper addresses the under-researched question of vertical regulatory competition triggered by optional instruments in European private law.This article is published in this Research Paper Series with the permission of the rights owner, Mohr Siebeck. Full-text Rabel Journal articles are available via pay-per-view or subscription at IngentaConnect, a provider of digital journals on the Internet.


As Android becoming the most popular smart phone operating system, malicious applications running on the Android platform appears very frequently and poses the major threat to the security of Android. Considering the resources of smart phone are severely limited, a stable, simple and quick malware detection method for Android is indispensable. In this paper, we propose an ultra-lightweight malware detection method which is able to detect unknown malicious Android applications with limited resources. Firstly, a few features are extracted and divided into three sets for every application. Then, these three feature sets are embedded in the corresponding joint vector spaces and we can get apps's feature vectors. After that, feature vectors of every vector space are classified using a machine learning algorithm. Finally, the three classification results are considered as a group and embedded in a new space and classified again. We evaluate our detection with 3427 malicious samples and 1550 benign applications. Experimental results show that our detection approach has a stable performance that the detection accuracy (true-positive rate) is always higher than 98% and the detection procedure costs only 30ms per sample.


Carpet turfs were established by using several kinds of waste materials as bedding nests. The characteristic index of planting and turfing of carpet turf were studied. The results showed that there was large different performance on planting turf in the same grass species with different bedding nests of waste materials, and the difference of productive performance of turfing was relatively small. Except one or two kinds of waste materials,the majority was very good for production of carpet turf. Effects of planting and turfing of carpet turf were different by using different grass species. Therefore, the grass species that grow quickly, roots develop well in bedding nest are ideal.


Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Environmental Quality is an indicator of regional quality of life, supporting the health and well-being of the public and the attractiveness and sustainability of the urban and natural environment. Transit agencies are adopting vehicles with alternative fuels, propulsion systems, and pollutant emissions controls.When discussing tansportation systems, the primary way to improve the environment is through reduction of vehicular emissions to improve air quality.There are two broad categories of emissions according to the scope of impact- local or criteria pollutants and global pollutants. Local or criteria pollutants include nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, lead, and particulate matter of various sizes; and global pollutants include carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.The primary advantage of Bus rapid 'Transit (RRT) technology is that it can be adapted to a multitude of operating environments, with sufficient scalability to deliver increased carrying capacity to meet future ridership growth.This research focuses mostly on the reduction of emissions of air pollutants from BRT investments since it usually has the most direct impact on urban environments.


In contradiction to the already known electrical lighting device which contains voltage duplicator and in the output of which through the ballast resistor one luminescent light bulb with the filament of end electrode being burned out is attached, in the offered device from repeatedly increased capacity condensers and proportionally lesser resistor semiconductor diodes a voltage fourfold of symmetrical scheme is made at the output of which several in a chain joined luminescent light bulbs with electrode filaments being burned out are attached. On the cylindrical corpus of bulbs metallic surface electrodes are equipped which simultaneously serve as improving elements of their running circumstances and over-commutable shunting links. Fail-self performance conjecture of scheme elements estimated in the valuation of the device's safety additionally characterises exploitation advantages for the new device.


To increase communication and collaboration opportunities, members of a community must be aware of the social networks that exist within that community. This paper describes a social network monito...


Abstract Currently in the rubber industry, natural occurring rubber (NR) obtained from Hevea trees and synthetic polyisoprene (IR) produced industrially by alkyllithium or Ziegler-Natta methods, are utilized in the manufacture of tires. In fact, high cis-1, Cpolyisoprene is also used in tire products, molded and mechanical goods, rubber bands, bottles, nipples, footwear and sporting goods, gloves, sealants, and caulking. Such similar applications of NR and IR rubbers are due to their close resemblance in structure and properties (1).


Software clustering can be used to solve the software partitioning problem and realize the software modularization. However,traditional software clustering methods have not considered the potential relation between software elements,which cannot be identified by using the static analysis method. So it may lead to software not meet the " high cohesion,low coupling" feature after clustering. In order to solve the above problem,a strategy by introducing the software evolution information into the software clustering process,and propose a software clustering algorithm based on the extended Java dependence model and simulated annealing idea have been proposed. Experiments show that this method can improve the accuracy of software clustering.


In this paper, application of AGC technique for pulse amplification intended to amplify pulse widths upto 2 seconds in the noisy environment typically encountered for certain type of sonar applications is discussed in detail. The amplifier is designed with an overall gain of 100 dB and AGC compression factor of 50/3 dB. The technique outlined has advantages in improving the S/N ratio for specified range or realising extended ranges for stipulated S/N ratio.


The thought of OOP,which is a new design thought of program,has many virtues which prior to SP thought.In this paper,the basic concept of OOP is introduced,and the detailed application of OOP is discussed and analyzed .


In the title compound, C19H22N2O4, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 67.33 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked through N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (100). As a result of the twist of the molecular skeleton and the hindrance of the tert-butyl groups, no π–π interactions exist between the aromatic rings.


For Christian theology, the reflection of the tragedy of the Shoah after 1945 marks the beginning of a decisive turning point in the definition of its position on Judaism and, thus, on the first part of its Holy Scriptures, the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible. The "Jewish-Christian" dialogue represents an essential result of this change of thought. This paper will focus on four selected "Jewish-Christian" Bible study weeks at the grass roots in the German-speaking sphere and on aspects of their Bible reception, especially their reception of prophetic scriptures. The reception of the Book of Jeremiah within one specific Bible study week – the Jewish-Christian Bible Week of Bendorf – will illustrate the issue.


This paper takes the current business system of a mobile communication-equipment-chain sales-service-company as an example, and analyzes the problem that the data from multiple data sources cannot directly be loaded into the data warehouse by the current commercial ETL (Extraction-Transformation-Loading, ETL) tool. Firstly, it designs the logical model of ETL tool based on the metadata, then customizes the data cleaning method in ETL tool. Finally, the system experiments are carried out on ETL tool, and the experimental results and analysis are given. Through the development of the ETL tool, an interface is provided for the user-defined data cleaning function, which makes up for the shortage of the custom data cleaning function by the commercial ETL tool, thereby the use efficiency of the ETL tool is improved.


Abstract : We continued to develop microfluidic chambers to study breast cancer cell chemotaxis as it relates to metastasis. As part of this effort, we developed 3D culture devices that can generate concentration gradients of soluble factors in 3D gels, allowing cancer cell migration to be investigated in physiologically relevant conditions. We first developed devices capable of generating linear and non-linear gradients in 3D collagen gels. We then implemented these devices and developed a co-culture model to study the interaction between breast cancer cells and macrophages, each cultured in a distinct extracellular matrix that better simulates tissue composition. We studied the migration of these different cell types in these 3D devices. These studies suggested an intriguing synergy between tumor cells and immune cells, and pave the way for complex studies of cancer cell behavior in in vitro models that can better mimic tumor and tissue microenvironments.


ABSTRACT This article is an attempt to discuss the figure of al-Masīḥ al-Dajjāl, 'the deceiving Messiah', as one of the ten major 'signs of the Hour'. According to Islamic sources, his arrival will announce the approach of the Hour, or the End Times, the eschatological event which the Qur'an portrays with powerful imagery. While the Qur'an does not explicitly mention the name 'Dajjāl' or allude to his function before the coming of the Day of Judgement, his role as an important sign of the Hour is widely assumed and references to it are scattered throughout Islamic texts. Who is the Dajjāl? How is he presented in the Islamic tradition? This article explores both the space given to these eschatological themes in qur'anic passages and Prophetic traditions (Hadiths), and the interpretations of such events in the most influential mainstream commentaries of the Sunni tradition and in present-day scholarship.


Abstract The first record of western yellow bat (Lasiurus xanthinus) for Nevada was found at the Moapa Valley National Wildlife Refuge, Muddy River, Clark County in January 1999. Year-round residence and an active breeding colony were verified through 2000. Roosting and foraging seems concentrated within extensive California fan palm groves throughout the upper Moapa Valley. Capture and acoustic sampling showed this to be the second-most abundant species in the valley. The diet included Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera. This record represents the northernmost distribution of the species.


The application of drill pipe conveying without wireline logging(LWF)in Jidong oilfield solves the problems of high cost, long time consuming and big risk which broght by pipe conveying well logging(PCL)used in horizontal well, extended reach well, highly deviated well and complex wells. It also solves problems that logging while drilling (LWD)data can not meet the need.But it needs to be improved in data processing, big hole logging, tool release and synchronization of depth and drilling tool.


A flight air cleaner, the air cleaner includes a flight flying unit, said flight unit is configured to fly in space is within a first height. The flight unit is further configured at a second height in the space flight. The air cleaner further comprises a flying air cleaner, the air cleaner is mounted to the flying unit, and is configured to be removed from the air in the space at the first height and said second height particles. Wherein said air cleaner comprising: an air inlet, said air inlet having a first charge; and an air outlet, said air outlet having a second charge, and wherein the second charge opposite the first charge.


Abstract Archaeological models of increasing sociopolitical complexity have over-privileged processes of centralization in comparison to decentralization. In western Burkina Faso, ethnologists have long been intrigued by several "village societies," with complex communities characterized by heterogeneous populations (in kin and ethnicity), endogamous socioeconomic specialist groups, diverse ritual systems, and strong village autonomy. Rather than structured by a hierarchical sociopolitical organization, these multifaceted communities are defined by village communalism and an intricate horizontal organization. This paper presents the developmental trajectory of a community ancestral to a modern "village society," through an exploration of the dynamic political strategies of multifamily houses at the Iron Age archaeological site of Kirikongo, located in Burkina Faso (ca. A.D. 100–1700). Extensions of power by Kirikongo's founding house in the 1st millennium A.D. led gradually to increasing inequalities and a subversion of common descent. However, in the early 2nd millennium A.D. these developments were rejected through an egalitarian revolution that transformed the identity of the house, leading to an increased importance of the village community and civic institutions. In addition to exclusionary power strategies, I stress the transformative role of egalitarian behaviors in shaping the nature of power and leadership, particularly when derived from collective action by the community.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of temporary VDD pacing using an esophageal electrode for sensing of the atrial electrogram. We studied 15 patients, 8 men and 7 women, aged 77 ± 2 years (mean ± SE, range 61–90), with severe atriovenfricular (AV) conduction disturbances. A 24‐hour beat‐to‐beat ECG analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the pacing system and special tests were performed to test the stability of pacing and sensing. The system performed satisfactorily in 12 of the 15 patients. The 24‐hour Holter ECG monitoring revealed the following percentages of beats: 96.32 ± 0.5 VDD, 2.92 ± 0.6 VVI, and 0.14 ± 0.05 paced beats resulting from pseudosensing. All the latter were single, with no bigeminy or salvos. The results of the stability tests were as follows: the percentage of VDD beats was significantly lower than the 24‐hour mean when the patient lay on his right side (92.8 ± 0.5, P < 0.001), during the swallowing of liquids (91.26 ± 0.4, P < 0.001) and soft foods (84.2 ± 1.4, P < 0.001), and during coughing (94.2 ± 0.6, P < 0.001). The percentage of VVI type beats increased in these four cases (6.7 ± 0,5, 7.2 ± 0.3, 13.2 ± 1.2 and 4.8 ± 0.4, respectively, P < 0.001 in each case). The percentage of ectopic beats due to pseudosensing did not change significantly during any of the tests. These results indicate that the method described is a safe and effective technique for temporary VDD pacing.


Cavitating venturis are common as flow control devices in liquid rocket engines. The fact that cavitating venturi provide a constant flow rate under varying downstream pressure, they are particularly useful during the ignition transient when the downstream pressure in the combustion chamber rises rapidly. Pressure recovery is one of the key design issues for cavitating venturis. By using empirical relations a cavitating venturi can be designed with acceptable pressure recovery at a desired mass flow rate. However dimensionless parameters such as critical cavitation number and discharge coefficients are geometry and fluid dependent which cannot be achieved by the empirical relations. These parameters can be deduced from computational fluid dynamics simulations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to model cryogenic cavitating flows by using a commercially available flow solver ANSYS Fluent and validating the simulations with the experiments.


Forensic accounting is an important branch of Accountancy and one of the most promising areas for the accountants. However, there are few methods that help these workers identifying and measuring the resource consumption generated by their job. This paper aims to build a model which allows the accountant experts who work on contracts revision of the Housing Finance System (SFH) to determine the costs of their working hour. The costing model used was the Activity Based Costing (ABC), because it best fitted in the identification of the costs related to the production of the forensic accounting report. In the research it was used the intentional sampling and, through the answers of 10 questionnaires given by the accountant experts who worked in 2009 on lawsuits related to contract revision of the SFH and who have cadastre in the Associations of Assessors from Minas Gerais, Pernambuco and Distrito Federal, it was possible to reach the main purpose. As a result, it was noticed that these professionals spend most of their time doing the job itself, not planning it. Besides, 24% of the supplied resources to make the investigation were not consumed, generating thus, a high idle capacity for the professionals who work on these litigations.


Specific pathogen-free CD-1 mice were immunized intravenously with viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv or H37Ra, or Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tice or BCG resistant to streptomycin. the growth of the 4 strains in the lungs, livers, and spleens of the mice was measured for as long as 6 months, and the degree of acquired resistance to superinfection with BCG resistant to isoniazid or Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman was determined. Despite extensive variations in the amount of growth by the 4 vaccine strains in vivo, only the streptomycin-resistant BCG vaccine failed to sensitize or immunize the mice. Heat-killed H37Rv, BCG Tice, BCG resistant to isoniazid, or BCG resistant to streptomycin were suspended in Freund adjuvant and used to vaccinate both mice and guinea pigs. the 4 vaccines sensitized both mice and guinea pigs to tuberculin. Challenge of the immunized mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman indicated that both BCG Tice and BCG resistant to streptomycin (when suspended in adjuvant) were pro...


My friend and colleague Dr Gareth Richard Melville-Jones, consultant histopathologist at Withybush Hospital, Haverfordwest, died after a comparatively short illness on 2 January 2009. He was quirky, unusual, dedicated, and meticulous. He was probably one of the most intelligent men whom …


Bharati Mukherjee and Monica Ali are both diasporic writers, from India and Bangladesh, respectively. Although Mukherjee's growing up years were spent in India, it was her experience an immigrant in Canada, where she spent almost fourteen years of her life from 1966 to 1980, which provided her with the themes of her novels. The racism she encountered in Canada forced her to focus on issues such as cultural conflict, alienation, and gender discrimination, even gender violence. Her novel Jasmine encapsulates the experience of an Indian female immigrant to the US who despite various odds and hurdles, is able to survive and prevail. Monica Ali, a Dhaka born British writer, takes up gender problems as well as the issues of migrant community of Bangladesh and was hailed as the best of 'young British novelists' in 2003 for her debut novel Brick Lane. The novel explores the life of Nazneen, an immigrant in London, who becomes an embodiment of cultural conflict between east and west. The paper aims to bring out the fact that both women protagonists, Nazneen and Jasmine, as immigrants, adapt and survive due to the status of being the 'other,' which has been accorded to them since birth. Gender discrimination, which is a part of their life, turns them into fighters and survivors. The 'otherness' of their status, helps them acclimatise, while highlighting the commonality of their experience in terms of both, as females and immigrants.


Oriented strandboard (OSB) and plywood was exposed to treatments of no protection, nonfilm-building coating (lasur), and film-building (painted) protection to study their physical and mechanical performance when subjected to 40°C and 95 percent relative humidity in an air-conditioned chamber for a total period of 800 hours. Evaluations were made at 100, 200, 400, and 800 hours under these conditions. Board samples were directly exposed to treatments in the size established by European standards for the physical and mechanical properties evaluated to determine variations in moisture absorption, thickness swelling, and bending strength. Results indicated fluctuations in the evaluated properties as well as increases and losses of weight and mechanical resistance, although these values were within the ranges determined by the quality standards. But, the useful life of the boards was lessened and shortened affecting its competitiveness against alternative materials.


Based on Modular Three-dimensional Finite-difference Ground-water Flow Model(MODFLOW),it should be used that mathematical and physical model combined with conceptual model and emphasized that ground water cycle was main party in hydrological cycle in the watershed.It was divided into 320 parts in all streams of the middle and lower reaches of Weihe River in Shanxi Province,China.Through the calculations of hydrological model of ground water and hydrological model of surface flow with dynamic coupling,it would be altogether solved with 3 equations of ground water flow,river flow and slope flow for every part of the river.And they are interdependent for each other in the border conditions and source/sink.Thus a distributed hydrological model was constructed in the watershed water cycle.Data of a hydrological year from the middle and lower reaches of Weihe River were selected and examined with the distributed hydrological model.The results of the model examination showed that it had better representation for the parameters gained from the model simulation.River running value from the model simulation was well corresponded with determination value in the site monitoring.Good simulation precision in the river running simulation which used the model was gained.And relative err of the runoff of Weihe River part in the Hua County from the model calculation and practice monitoring was 7.6% only.The regulation and trend of ground water flow were better reflected in the ground water flow fitting.And then calculation simulated was conducted based on it,then determined that main recharge and discharge of ground water in the middle and lower reaches of Weihe River was rainfall recharge and man-made discharge,calculated resource amount from natural recharge,exploiting potential from shallow ground water,and river water amount was captured by water source exploited from riparian wetland areas in actually conditions.Also,the results showed that distributive hydrological model constructed was simplicity,credibility,and provided better methods and available way for water resource assessment and wetland restoration and protection in middle and lower reaches of Weihe River.


We are developing a far fleld gain and antenna factor estimation method for Japanese broadband antenna standards. We have already proposed a method for estimating the free space antenna factor of broadband antennas using a time-domain analysis and a pulse compression technique. However to estimate the antenna factor and gain, we are using flxed an- tenna distance. In this paper, we propose a new estimation method for determining the antenna distance at each frequency that to estimate the far fleld antenna gain. Our proposed method is based on the techniques of a time domain analysis and a time-frequency analysis using a short time Fourier transform. In the case of biconical antenna, the difierence between far-fleld gain and the estimated near-fleld gain using our proposed method is less than 0.05dB at 10m antenna distance and less than 0.25dB at 3m antenna distance in the frequency range from 30MHz to 220MHz.


Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is used extensively as a preservative and a flavor enhancer in processed foods consumed as part of a Western diet. Mice fed high-Pi diet (HP) for 12 weeks display decreased maximal exercise capacity but no change in cardiac function. Expression of fatty acid metabolism genes are decreased and expression of glucose metabolism genes are increased in skeletal muscle after HP diet. Consequently, mitochondrial function is significantly impaired in skeletal muscle from mice fed HP diet. In the current study we test the hypothesis that voluntary exercise training prevents the negative metabolic consequences of HP diet. We housed mice in voluntary wheel running cages and fed them a normal-Pi (NP) or HP diet. HP diet did not alter body weight or composition, and NP- and HP-fed mice voluntarily ran the same distance in wheel cages throughout the study. Using incline treadmill exercise tolerance tests we observed no differences in medium-intensity exercise capacity between NP- and HP-fed mice subjected to voluntary wheel running, contrary to findings in sedentary mice. Despite preserved exercise capacity, muscle mitochondrial function in mice fed HP diet was significantly decreased after 5 weeks, which continued to decline after 12 weeks of HP diet and voluntary exercise. To investigate mechanisms of HP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction we measured expression of key metabolic genes and found that fatty acid metabolism genes were significantly decreased in muscle from mice fed HP diet and subjected to voluntary exercise. These data suggest that voluntary exercise training does not prevent the negative metabolic consequences of consuming a high-phosphate diet. Thus, dietary Pi may represent a novel and modifiable target to reduce physical inactivity associated with the Western diet.


This paper studies topology optimization problems of truss structures with random excita-tions by using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm(AGA).Topology variables for bars and degrees of freedom are added to the formulation of topology optimization.The random dynamic theory is applied to estab-lish an expression of random dynamic response constraints.Some heuristic strategies are put forward to direct the deletion of the extra bars and nodes on truss structures.Finally,several examples,includ-ing 2D and 3D truss structures,are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the engineering design.


The primary aim of this study is to formulate desiderata for ludic criticism, a strategy which is proffered as a mode of approaching the opaque and highly playful fictions that have been created by writers in Europe and America in the last quarter of this century. Having outlined an innovative strategy in the first part of the book, the author applies the theory in close readings of French and American texts, and suggests that ludic criticism may be as inexhaustible in extent as the fictive hall of mirrors portrayed by contemporary practitioners of the novel.


In the present paper, the authors introduce and investigates two new subclasses and,  of the class k-fold bi-univalent functions in the open unit disk. The initial coefficients for all of the functions that belong to them were determined, as well as the coefficients for functions that belong to a field determining these coefficients requires a complicated process. The bounds for the initial coefficients and are contained among the remaining results in our analysis are obtained. In addition, some specific special improver results for the related classes are provided.


Objective: To know the effect of preoperative GnRH-a treatment to preserve the ovary after laparoscopic excision of endometriomas by measuring antimullerian hormonal before and after operation and analize the correlation with age and size of the endometrioma. Methods: Double blind randomized control trial, which is done to patients with bilateral endometriomas in Raden Saleh Clinic. Subject devided into groups GnRH-a and placebo. Patient was undergoing laparoscopic excision after four weeks of medication (GnRHa or placebo). AMH Serum levels was measured before preoperative medication and four weeks after operation. Result: There were eight bilateral endometriomas (25% patients requirement), 4 patient GnRH-a and four patients placebo, all with primary infertility. The average changes of AMH serum level before and after laparoscopy ovarian cystectomy in GnRH-a groups was 0.011 ng/ml and placebo groups was 1.502. The average changes of AMH serum level, in age strativication on both groups show the same result, GnRH-a 0.035 and placebo 1.681. In diameter cyst strativication, GnRH-a 0.011 and placebo 1.090. Conclusions: With the restrictiveness of the patient, this study find GnRH-a therapy initiated before laparoscopic cystectomy has better outcomes in ovarian reserve compared with placebo, and also the same result in age and size of cyst strativication analize. Keywords: laparoscopic cystectomy, GnRH-a, ovarian reserve


There exists a need for a relatively inexpensive compact, 14 MeV neutron generator, adequate for clinical use as a neutron source for radiotherapy purposes (Greene and Thomas, 1968; Brennan, 1969; Barendsen and Broerse, 1970; Duncan, Greene and Major, 1971).


Diabetes is a major public health problem and thought to be a risk factor for infectious diseases, but pertinent epidemiological evidence is limited. This study aimed to analyse the associations of diabetes, disease duration and glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c) with infectious diseases mortality in the general population, including the investigation of potential non‐linear relationships.


Interferometric stack data acquired by multi-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) techniques is subject to additive outliers. Therefore, interferometric stack data denoising is an essential prerequisite for elevation inversion and terrain deformation monitoring. However, similar-patch-based denoising methods, e.g. NL-InSAR, neglect the temporal similarity between different interferograms, and tensor-based methods, e.g. Higher order Robust PCA (HoRPCA) and its evolutionary versions, cannot adequately use the repeated similar fringe patterns existing in one interferogram. In our work, the limitations of NL-InSAR, HoRPCA, Weighted HoRPCA are summarized, and then a novel denoising method is proposed based on the combination of nonlocal(NL)-means and HoRPCA, named as NL-HoRPCA. This method further improves the estimation accuracy of low rank InSAR tensor. Consequently, one InSAR tensor is used to prove the superiority of NL-HoRPCA in the case of dense fringes and high outlier ratio. The accuracy results prove the robustness of the proposed method.


The new hydroxyethyl starch,voluven(HES130/0.4),through optimization of substitutional level and molecular weight distribution,not only has good pharmacological characteristics such as broader clinical applications,higher safety and fewer side effects,but also has the feature in some aspects just like micro-circulation and the supply of oxygen in tissue.So it makes promising prospects in clinical management of volume.This article summarized the security,the side effects,the unique pharmacological characteristics and clinical applications of voluven as well as liquid treatment.


The difference in the position of the main scattering peak of adipose and soft tissue has been utilized by many authors for the purpose of differentiating between healthy and malignant excised breast tissue samples. Evans et al 1991 [3] measured the x-ray scattering profiles of nineteen samples of healthy and diseased human breast tissues. They reported that while large differences were found in the shapes of scattered photon distributions between adi‐ pose and fibroglandular tissues, only small differences existed between carcinomas and fi‐ broglandular tissue.


Nowadays, nanostructures made on the basis of mixed oxides are of great interest for fundamental scientific and applied researches because of its potential applications, such as photo catalysts, luminophores, sensitive elements of gas sensors and vacuum sensors. The article describes nanostructural properties of NiO–Al2O3–SiO2 prepared by sol-gel method. Nanocomposites were obtained by mixing a solution of Si (OC2H5)4 (TEOS) as a SiO2 precursor with a solution containing Al (NO3)3 · 9H2O and Ni (NO3)2 · 6H2O. Ethanol was used as solvent. The gel was dried at room temperature and annealed in the 100–500 °C range. The behavior of chemical bonds is considered by using FTIR technique. Crystallization of NiO phase at 500 °C is observed in XRD patterns. Aluminum atoms are incorporated into silica matrix, which was confirmed by XRD. The amorphous structures which are desirable for next generations are formed at room temperature.


A copper-lined (CL) primary coil, which is a composite of steel and copper, was devised for the electromagnetic flux compression technique to generate ultrahigh magnetic fields. The newly developed coil was found to be highly efficient for electromagnetic energy transfer and provided stabilization of the liner implosive motion with less influence from the current feeding gap. Dynamical current density distribution of the materials used in a primary coil was evaluated and applied to the design of the CL coil. Fields of up to 730 T were achieved by employing the CL coil with an energy injected from a 4 MJ condenser bank. This value is the highest achieved thus far in an indoor setting. The peak magnetic fields were found to depend significantly on the initial seed magnetic field. The optimum seed fields for obtaining the highest peak magnetic field were determined.


Objective To evaluate the value of endoscopicult rasonography linear array probe and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal carcinoid.Methods Linear array probe was performed in gastrointestinal elevated lesions that had normal mucosal appearance.Thirteen cases diagnosed as gastrointestinal carcinoids were resected by using ESD.All 13cases were confirmed by pathology examination.Results Through ESD,gastrointestinal carcinoid was presented as submucosal hypoechoic masses with hemogenous echo and distant border.Complete resection was achieved with no bleeding and perforation.No tumor residue existed at the border or base of the excisional specimens.No perforation appeared.Conclusion The results show that linear array probe can provide precise information of gastrointestinal carcinoid,and therapeutic result of ESD for gastrointestinal carcinoids is definite.


The electron cyclotron emission spectrum on DIII‐D is measured using an absolutely calibrated Michelson interferometer. During high performance discharges, electron densities above 9×1013 cm−3 preclude determination of the electron temperature from the second harmonic ECE. Under these conditions the third harmonic X mode is generally optically gray (0.4<τ<3.0) and can be used to determine Te by correcting the emission intensity for optical thickness. Overlap of the central third harmonic frequencies with optically thick inside‐edge second harmonic frequencies on DIII‐D allows a particularly simple formalism for determining the correction to the emission. To check the accuracy of the method, the Te values derived from the third harmonic can be compared to those from the second for discharges where it is not cutoff. These comparisons are presented along with an evaluation of various sources of error associated with calculations of the optical depth and the radiation transport.


The honey bee queen, mother of all individuals in the colony, determines the inherited characteristics of the colony. Periodic replacement of old queens by young and high quality one is an important management practice in commercial beekeeping industry. Virgin queens' introduction is independent of weight at emergence and genetic relatedness of their receptor worker bees. A total of 243 queens from three genotypes of Apis mellifera lamarckii, A. m. carnica and A. m. ligustica (81 queens of each genotype) were weighed at emergence and allocated into three groups as: light (110-130 mg) 45 queens, medium (140-160 mg) 68 queens, heavy (over 160 mg) 130 queens and introduced into mating nuclei. The weight at emergence was significantly affecting the introduction success (x =8.34, P< 0.004). Queens with heavy weight at emergence had the highest 2 number of introduction successes with 103 queens (79.23%). The medium weight at emergence of virgin queens has the highest number of failed queens with 26 queens (38.23%). The number of drone laying queens was approximately the same for all groups. Genotype of introduced queens was highly significantly influenced their success acceptance (x =34.36, P< 0.000). Introducing A. m. carnica and A. m. lamarckii to nuclei with workers 2 from the same genotype had the highest introduction success.


1. Global Environmental Issues and the Built Environment 2. Towards a Sustainable Built Environment 3. Life Cycle Assessment 4. Quantifying Environmental Impacts in the Built Environment 5. Case Studies: Examples of Life Cycle Assessment in the Built Environment 6. Opportunities for Reducing the Environmental Impact of the Built Environment


Retroviral restriction factors are important regulators of viral infection, targeting vulnerable steps of the virus lifecycle; steps that are also targeted by antiviral drugs. It has become clear that the route of cellular infection can alter the sensitivity of HIV-1 to these agents. Using CRISPR-Cas9 edited pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages, we have explored the potential of a modified restriction factor (human TRIMCyp) to inhibit HIV-1 replication in both cell free and cell-cell infection models. We show that the expression of TRIMCyp from the endogenous TRIM5α locus potently restricts infection by cell-free HIV-1. Our results also show the importance of the human cyclophilin A-HIV-1 capsid interaction for viral escape from restriction by native human TRIM5α, highlighting the evolutionary interplay between virus and this host restriction factor. However, when co-cultured with infected T cells, stem cell-derived macrophages are primarily infected by fusion between the cells. We have termed infected cells that result from these fusions heterocytia, and show that their formation overcomes multiple restriction factors and the reverse transcriptase inhibitor AZT. Importance As sentinels of the immune system, macrophages are relatively resistant to infection by pathogens such as HIV-1. However, infected macrophages are found in infected patients and they play key roles in the pathogenesis of the disease as well as being a component of the viral reservoir that must be targeted before treatment can become cure. In this article, we show that some of the mechanisms by which macrophages restrict HIV-1 can be overcome through a recently described cell-cell interaction leading to cell-cell fusion. We also highlight an evolutionary battle between virus and host and show how the virus has co-opted a host protein to protect it from destruction by an antiviral mechanism. These two key findings suggest potential novel treatment strategies that may reduce the viral reservoir and help our natural defences take back control from the virus.


An ambulance tracking system (ATS) is the need of the hour due to the recent pandemic situation going on around us. It is necessary that patients carrying vehicles such as ambulances must be equipped with the ATS technology. The ATS technology helps the hospital administration to carry out the necessary steps before the patient arrives at the hospital premises. In this technology, Global systems for Mobile communication (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) are used for the efficient working of this device. In this system, a low-cost microcontroller-based electronic device Arduino is used to control the GPS and GSM modules. In this system, modem and display device such as liquid crystal display (LCD) is used at the user end which is also called as Base Station. Information regarding the location of the ambulance is provided by the GPS module. GSM module is used for communicating with the base station. The hospital administration can get the information of the arrival of the ambulance well in time and can increase the chance of survival of the patient as the time required for setting up basic components is done well in advance. This system can also be used for various other vehicles used in emergency situations.


Genetic analyses have revealed the essential role of the murine Hoxa5 gene for the correct specification of the cervical and upper thoracic region of the skeleton, and for the normal organogenesis and function of the respiratory tract, both structures expressing Hoxa5 during embryogenesis. To understand how the expression domains of the Hoxa5 gene are established during development, we have analyzed the cis‐acting control regions mediating Hoxa5 gene expression using a transgenic approach. Four transcripts are derived from the Hoxa5 locus. The shortest and most abundant one displays a specific spatio‐temporal profile of expression at earlier stages and in more anterior structures along the embryonic axis than the larger forms. We established that an 11.1 kilobase pair (kb) genomic fragment, extending from position −3.8 kb to +7.3 kb relative to Hoxa5 transcription initiation site, was sufficient to reproduce the temporal expression and substantially reconstitute the spatial pattern of the major Hoxa5 transcript. By deletion analyses, we identified a 2.1 kb fragment located downstream of the Hoxa5 gene that possesses mesodermal enhancer activity. Overall, the findings demonstrate that cis‐acting regulatory elements essential for the correct expression of the major Hoxa5 transcript are located both upstream and downstream of the Hoxa5 coding sequences. Dev Dyn 1999;214:127–140.  © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Ground-Based SAR system that obtains a high resolution 2D image on the ground is a new type of SAR system such as air-borne and space-borne SAR. The measured fully polarimetric SAR images with HH, HV, VH, and VV were focused using the Deramp-FFT (DF) algorithm in terms of their image formation principles. SAR polarimetry technique is concerned with control of the polarimetric properties of radar waves and the extraction of target properties from the behaviour of scattered waves from a target. In this study, we processed the polarimetric SAR data obtained by the GB-SAR system to investigate the polarimetric characteristics of terrain targets such as trees, grass and several permanent scatterers located in the test site. The polarimetric classification images using H/A/Alpha polarimetric decomposition and Wishart algorithms were extracted and discussed for deriving a scattering property according to different target types.