A potential energy model is developed for turbulent entrainment in the absence of mean shear in a linearly stratified fluid. The relation between the entrainment distance D and the time t and the relation between dimensionless entrainment rate E and the local Richardson number are obtained. An experiment is made for examination. The experimental results are in good agreement with the model, in which the dimensionless entrainment distance D is given by DBAR = A(i)(SBAR)-1/4(fBAR)1/2(tBAR)1/8, where A(i) is the proportional coefficient, S is the dimensionless stroke, fBAR is the dimensionless frequency of the grid oscillation, tBAR the dimensionless time.


Biodiversity loss is a global problem that can lead to serious consequences. One of the most biodiverse habitats today is the product of extensive agriculture: semi-natural pastures, often termed High Nature Value (HNV) pasture. As farms become more and more intensive and specialised, these pastures disappear increasingly. This study aims to investigate how farmers can combine conservation of HNV pastures with profitable farming. In a qualitative case study in northern Dalsland, Sweden, ten pasture-based farms with HNV pastures have been studied. The case-study was conducted as a part of an action-oriented research and extension project, HNV-Link. The interview study has been complemented by participant observations at six visionary workshops about the future and background for HNV pastures with local actors in Dalsland. By applying a Sustainable Livelihood analysis, eight different types of activities and innovations were identified that supported the farmers' Livelihood strategies, together with resources and social factors that influenced and inspired the farmers in forming the strategies. The farmers' own motivation and values concerning the farm was an important factor, and three types of value orientation were used to discuss the differences: economical, traditional and ecological value orientation. Social networks with other farmers, either local or in other contexts, played an important role in spreading innovations and new ideas on how strategies could be formed to suit HNV pasture production, ideas that were later adapted to the specific conditions of the farm. Innovations and ideas for new entire strategies could come either from outside, from market initiatives or agricultural science, or from the farmers themselves. Depending on the outward and inward factors, the farmers innovated or adopted innovations that suited their farm. Important livelihood supporting activities and innovations were those related to utilizing pasture growth, diversifying the farm and using market solutions to receive payment for the ecological values of the production.


This article presents the findings of a qualitative interview study of professional identity of 38 Italian teachers close to retirement. Through a dialogical analysis of the interviews, the authors trace the trajectory of the teachers' voices along a temporal axis, to retrieve the history of the voices and the connections to a specific period of the teachers' careers. In particular, the authors focus on how the interviewees dealt with problems and dilemmas in their professional lives and solved their feelings of professional inadequacy. This study highlights the importance of the time dimension in relation to teacher professionalism, in particular with regard to identity resources to overcome critical moments in their careers.


Cloud computing is a new technology and it is becoming popular day by day because of its great features. In this technology almost everything like hardware, software and platform are provided as a service. These services are charged from users on the pay-per-use bases. A cloud provider in cloud computing provides services on the basis of clients' requests. An important issue in cloud computing is the scheduling of users' requests means how to allocate resources to these requests, so that the requested tasks can be completed in a minimum time according to the user defined time. A good scheduling technique also helps in efficient utilization of the resources. Many scheduling algorithms have been researched like Min-Min, Max-Min, X-Sufferage, Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization etc. In this paper the three scheduling techniques Min-Min, Max-Min and Genetic Algorithm have been discussed and performance metrics of Min-Min and Max-Min have been shown. The performance of the standard Genetic Algorithm and the proposed Improved Genetic Algorithm have been checked against the sample data. A new scheduling idea is also proposed in which Min-Min and Max-Min can be combined in Genetic Algorithm.


This study aims to test the validity of the construct of the Indonesian version of Islamic religiosity measuring instrument called the Indonesian-Psychological Measurement of Islamic Religiousness (I-PMIR) developed by the researchers. This study used quantitative methods with 57 items I-PMIR to verify five dimensions in Islamic religiosity. Research participants were 591 Muslims in Indonesia. Based on the results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using MPlus software, it was found that there were 52 valid items measuring Islamic religiosity. This scale is suitable to be used as an appropriate instrument to explore individual religiosity in an Islamic context.


Dinner excursion vessels often have restaurant-quality table service as well as luxurious wall and floor coverings, and on overnight cruises, their staterooms often offer the amenities of a luxurious hotel. The question examined in this article is that of how luxurious a vessel can be when decorating is subject to the constraints of Coast Guard regulations regarding fire safety.


The wetland is a type of landscape with unique ecological functions formed by interaction between water and land on Earth.It has many significant functions in controlling floods,weakening flood peaks,adjusting river runoffs,supplementing underground water,purifying water bodies,preventing greenhouse effects and maintaining regional water balance,and so on.On the one hand,damages to wetland ecosystems can easily lead to water disasters.On the other hand,frequent water-related disasters can do serious harm to wetland ecosystems and cause a series of ecological problems.The most effective measures for the control of water-related disasters are to maintain a sufficient number of wetlands and ensure their qualities,areas and volumes,self-purification functions,natural properties and "sponge" effects,which are extremely urgent.


In order to improve stability of the microgrid operation connected to distribute network, the power flow fluctuations are smoothed. In this paper, a kind of flexible interconnection interface was studied in this paper, based on voltage source converter low voltage direct current(VSC-LVDC) containing energy storage. According to the mathematical model of VSC-LVDC and battery, a dual vector decoupling three-loop control strategy consisted of stages charging is proposed, and the battery charging and discharging switch control is offered, for charging and discharging of the energy storage, the bidirectional power transmission and suppressing power fluctuations. A simulation model is built that microgrid connected to distribute network using the flexible interconnection interface, and the conditions of power fluctuation, battery charging and discharging switch and the short-circuit fault at the microgrid side AC bus are simulated. The simulation results show that the control strategy effectively suppresses the power fluctuations of point of common coupling(PCC), guarantee the stability of the power flow.


This paper presents an ultra-low-power low-noise bioamplifier for neural recording applications. The bioamplifier manifests a supply insensitive first gain stage and a CMOS-inverter-based second gain stage. The entire system is designed in 0.13-μm standard RF CMOS process. The bioamplifier operates at 0.6 V supply with a power consumption of only 198.6 nW. The midband gain of the amplifier is 24.94 dB with a lower cut-off frequency at 0.1 Hz and a higher cut-off frequency at 9.51 KHz. The input-referred noise of the proposed bioamplifier is 0.9133 μVrms.


Urban and rural harmonious development is seriously influenced by rural-urban digital divide.This paper builds a measuring index system which includes 17 indexes at the four dimensionalities of information technology "consciousness","access","usage" and "surroundings".After that,31 provinces in China are selected as swatches,and factor analysis method which can make weights of indexes objectively is applied to make empirical study.The research result shows that:(1)From year 2000 to 2009,rural-urban digital divide in China continuously widens from 1.2527 to 4.3012,and average growth rate is 14.739%.(2)Rural-urban digital divide in east,central and west region is different,that is,rural-urban digital divide in west region is widest,and in east region is narrowest.(3)On the view of single province,rural-urban digital divide in Qinghai is widest,and in Shanghai is narrowest.This research not only builds a scientific measuring index system of rural-urban digital divide,but also provides a consult for governments at all levels to investigate rural-urban digital divide and constitute policies and measures of shrinking digitization gap between urban and rural.


【Objective】 IL-1β and IL-6 act as important roles in immune defence of reproductive organs of roosters.The objective of the present study is to reveal tissue structure of reproductive organs of rooster,and localized the expression of IL-1β and IL-6.【Method】 In the experiment,the tissues of reproductive organs from mature-healthy rooster were dehydrated,embedded and stained with Hematoxylin-eosin,and then the tissues structure of testis,epididymis and duct deferens were captured and analyzed.Meanwhile IL-1β and IL-6 were localized in reproductive tract by immunohistochemistry.【Results】 The results showed that reproductive tract from epididymis was the main segment of reproductive tract of rooster,and then the change tendency of epithelium of reproductive tract highly adapted to sperm delivery;IL-1β and IL-6 mainly were located in the proximal efferent duct of epididymis,moreover,IL-1β was mainly localized in the proximal efferent duct with short bolds,and IL-6 was mainly localized in the proximal efferent duct with long bolds.【Conclusion】 The result suggested that epididymal efferent duct,especially proximal efferent duct maybe was main segment of reproductive tract of rooster for clearances abnormal sperm and dead cells.


We are proud of our tradition of freedom in education. NO' Ministry can lay down what shall be taught in all our schools, or when, or how. No central authority can dictate the studies or thoughts of our Universities. Institutes of Education and Teacher Training Colleges are in the main trusted to manage their own affairs, and prefer suggestions to directions from above. Our schools, though vulnerable to many pressures, yet maintain a considerable freedom of manceuvre, and harbour many firm individualists. Private schools are often very private. Altogether, this rather anarchical complex is proof against the wiles of mass indoctrinators. He who aspires to capture the minds of our children must storm many citadels. No, one centre will give him the key to all, though some may be more strategically placed than others. And we should certainly be grateful for this defence of our liberties.


Toni Morrison's Paradise evaluates the dangerous and compelling impulse to create utopia, which codifies practice of the ideal. Paradise exposes the ideological and practical planning involved in the creation and practice of utopic space and its ritualistic reiteration. This essay examines Paradise as Morrison's argument that a true ethics of home emphasizes open-ended interpretation and individual agency in resisting and revising programmed space. Morrison's ethics of home requires active, conscious, and responsible engagement in envisioning and maintaining a communal space of exchange.


This paper presents the results of numerical and experimental investigation of thermal convection near heat emitting surfaces of an electric device. For the intensification of thermal convection, special vertical channels were formed near the heat emitting surfaces of the device. An experimental test has proved that there is an optimal length of the channels - thermal convection is the most intensive then. Air velocity vectors close to heat emitting surfaces are presented with the use of Ansys software. Due to vertical channels, it is possible to increase the current-carrying capacity of electric devices.


Universal Decimal Classification is often criticized for that computer programmes are not able to fully manage its simultaneously hierarchical, analyticsynthetic and faceted features. The goal of this paper is to present a software interpreter under development, which is able to analyze the syntax of compound UDC numbers, to recognize its elements and their functions, their order and other attributes which may be relevant to retrieval. The system wishes to make the results of this analyzing process available as converted into different standard markup and data exchange formats as well. Such software can be useful for comparing UDC notations, analyzing them and finding headings to serve as access points, as well as for elaborating.


Background : Accreditation aims to improve the quality of health care, which is
needed by the people of Indonesia are increasingly selective and deserve quality
services . As a basic start of construction on the hospital system , which is a
regulatory document required in the hospital . Preparation of documents as a key
point in the regulation of hospital accreditation , as a reference for the hospital
services . With the provision of written policies , guidelines and procedures so
that the interests of public health services can be satisfied with the best . The
implementation of hospital accreditation survey conducted by the 2012 version
KARS will be emphasized on the implementation of the hospital , which was done
by interviewing the patient and his or her family , as well as to the Chairman and
the hospital or hospital staff , also by means of On-site observations of service
activities , as well as to see the physical evidence , either in the form of
documents and hospital facilities . In line with the increasing demands of society
and the Government of the information and communication needs of the health
services provided , the department of the hospital Dr . Sardjito need to perform
compliance assessment elements in Management Communication and
Information in 2012 KARS accreditation standards to facilitate access to services
and access to information on patient care services .
Objective : To identify the document Standards Compliance Management
Communication and Information in 2012 KARS Accreditation at Dr . Sardjito
Hospital.
Research methods : The study was a descriptive study with a qualitative
approach , and cross-sectional study design . Subjects were examined in this
study is Team Management Communication and Information Working Group .
While the object of this study of MKI standard is a document , there are form of
policies, , guidelines and medical record form.
Results : Of the documents that have been identified , Dr . Sardjito Hospital lis
able to support working group based standards for accreditation KARS has
largely complete the appropriate standards document of Management
Communication and Information.


Motivated by the recent discovery of a low-surface-brightness diffuse emission, a supernova remnant (SNR) candidate, surrounding the young pulsar PSR J0837–2454, we carry out a likelihood analysis of the γ-ray data obtained by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope from 2008 August to 2022 November. Using a 2D Gaussian spatial template, we detect a significant extended γ-ray emission with a 68% containment radius of ∼1.°8, which is spatially coincident with the new SNR candidate at the ∼12σ confidence level. The spectrum of the extended γ-ray emission, obtained in the energy range of 0.1-500.0 GeV, shows a significant spectral curvature at ∼1 GeV, with a log-parabola spectral shape. Several scenarios, such as an SNR, pulsar wind nebula, and pulsar halo, are discussed as the potential origins of the extended γ-ray emission, and our model fitting results are preferred for the SNR scenario.


Synopsis : Many works with respect to precipitates in maraging steels have been presented. However, the precipitates at the peak-aging condition (the maximum tensile strength level) have hardly been identified due to their very fine shape, complicated multi-phase precipitation, and similar crystal structures. Fine precipitates formed at peak-aging condition were extracted by a non-aqueous electrolyte extraction method. The chemical composition and the crystal structure of the extracted residue were analyzed by the ICP analysis and electron diffraction analysis, respectively. As the result, fine precipitates formed at the various aging processes (under aging, peak aging, and over aging conditions) of the maraging steels were identified. The change of the precipitates in the various alloy series of maraging steels with aging time at 500•Ž are as follows : 1) Ni-12.5Co-6Mo-1.2Ti steels : The precipitation of Ni3Ti and FeMo was confirmed. In 17.5%Ni steel, Ni3Mo was identified at the peak-aging condition. 2) Ni-12.5Co-6Mo steels : It was confirmed that FeMo precipitated at the start and then Ni3Mo did. The precipitation of Ni3Mo was accelerated by the increase of nickel concentration. 3) Ni-12.5Co-1.2Ti steels : Only Ni3Ti was confirmed. This precipitates was very fine and needle-like shaped.


The article deals with the mechanism of stealing civil protest by the Party officials from the point of view of the frame analysis. The communication structures (frames) of the traditional party officials and «new protesters» mass public events are compared in the study. A case of the mass public events in Tyumen in December 2011 shows the apparent attempt by the party officials and «new protesters» to cooperate together in maintaining and extending the protest movement, but really, this led to the downturn in protest activity due to the cultural incompatibility of the first and second ones, which was manifested in face-to-face interaction.


WDM-PON is a representative technology for the future broadband access,for it could implement point-to-point connection and provides each user with a pair of dedicated wavelengths.The modulator used for WDM-PON could realize "colorless" optical modulation,guarantee the system performance and reduce the cost.With SOA as intensity modulator over IMDD SMF links,the correlation of modulated signals versus wavelength is analyzed,and the optimum operating conditions in achieving colorless AMOOFDM transmitter are suggested.


Purpose: This study examined the effects of training using the slime on the hand function and problem behavior in adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Five adults with intellectual disabilities who were judged as Level 1 or Level 2 were selected. The training consisted of one session (50 min)/day, one day/week for 10 weeks (preparatory activities: 5 min, slime activities: 40 min, finishing activities: 5 min) The functions of the hand (Purdue Pegboard Test [PPT], grip strength test [GST]) and problem behavior (Korean Behavior Problems Inventory [KBPI]) were assessed three times (first assessment; pre, second assessment; post-5 weeks, third assessment; post-10 weeks). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze changes in the subjects' performance before and after the intervention. Results: In the PPT, the use of the non-dominant hand was increased significantly (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the remaining results, but the mean value increased. In addition, although the problem behavior was not statistically significant, an increase in the problem behavior score was noted. Conclusion: The training using the slime for adults with intellectual disabilities is effective in hand function improvement and reducing problem behavior.


To explore the value and attentive problems of the innovative practical teaching reform of dermatology staff room,the author constructed a new practical teaching system by carrying out advanced teaching methods,gradually establishing the on-line test system and setting up the evaluation and feedback system. The result showed that the innovative practical teaching reform of dermatology staff room had strong applicability and operability.


While the amount of electricity generated from small scale, distributed, renewable energy sources rises, the imminent risk of a system collapse induced by a tailspin of control elements is counteracted by a raise in control complexity. As decentralized controls are a viable solution for distributed and complex problems many systems envisioned to tackle tomorrows challenges of our electricity grid are agent based networks. The complexity of such systems makes them difficult to analyze and hard to handle. One of the major problems coming with decentralized control solutions are stability problems resulting in oscillations of the controlled systems. In this paper we discuss disturbances in smart grids resulting in system instabilities and present a possible solution for predicting and handling this type of problems.


The communication among the design participant who architecture, structure, HVAC, electric engineer have not been smooth
in design process of architectural project in Korea.
Therefore designs have not been suitable for performance requirement, cost and constructability. The reason why these
problems happened that the result of design is not corresponding to design change is caused by variable factor from design till
construction phase; therefore the problem (low quality etc.) has been happened because of disagreement between
Multi-disciplinary drawings.
For the purpose of this research, is to propose the establishment method of decision support model for the cooperative design
in order to provides improved design coordination and optimize the building system. and vivificated the applicability of
proposed decision support model through case study.


Family businesses move the Spanish economy and are the main job generators in the country, adapting to changes where it is necessary and useful to incorporate Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for good business and commercial management. Taking this into consideration, this research aims to carry out a protocol to subsequently develop a systematic literature review on these topics: family businesses and ICTs.This protocol introduces some reflections about the issues of family businesses and ICTs, which gives threads to understand their importance. Likewise, the objective is to give answer to a group of research questions that will be answered along the literature review process. A methodology section is also included. It clearly shows which inclusion and exclusion criteria have been used in the search strategy under the Scopus and Web of Science databases, making visible the total number of scientific articles until reaching a filtered sample of 106 final articles for later review. Finally, a code´s tree is elaborated based on the research questions and a working plan. It ends by including a list of bibliographical references of all the work prior to the development of the protocol.


In the past several years, advances in molecular genetics have been adopted as tools to dissect the cause and pathophysiology of common complex diseases and their associated risk factors in a hypothesis-free approach, using the genome-wide association study design and high-density, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays. Starting in 2007 with the discovery of the chromosome 9p21.3 (Chr9p21.3) locus (see recent review),1 major progress has been made in terms of identification of novel susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease (CAD; ie, genomic regions that are strongly and consistently associated with CAD).2,3 These CAD susceptibility loci are of major interest because they are expected to harbor genes constituting important nodes in biological pathways underlying CAD and hence may serve as shortcuts to discovery of hitherto unknown disease mechanisms. However, causal variants will only occasionally be among those that are directly typed in genome-wide association scans, and the interval within which the etiologic variant(s) are expected to lie can be sizeable, and often contains several genes. Thus, the challenge for the next several years will be to move from statistical association based on genetic markers to identification and functional characterization of individual risk-associated genes, gene variants, biological pathways, and proteins and to elucidation of their roles in the resulting vascular pathology.

Article see p 1896

In the rapidly expanding group of robustly associated CAD loci, the Chr9p21.3 locus contributes the largest increase in risk, 1 and 2 copies of the risk allele (allele frequency of 0.50) being associated with a rise in CAD risk of around 20% to 40% and 40% to 70%, respectively. Interestingly, this substantial increase in risk is independent of established risk factors, which suggests that the Chr9p21.3 locus operates through an …


O‐GlcNacylation (O‐GlcNAc) is a post‐translational modification of serine or threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and occurs via conjugation to a single monosaccharide, the N‐acetylglucosamine. O‐GlcNAc modification intervenes in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, and negatively affects the regulation of cellular volume with a molecular mechanism still unknown. Recently, the protein ICln, crucial in the activation of a chloride conductance (IClswell) after anisosmotic cell swelling, has been found to be O‐GlcNacylated. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics show multiple O‐GlcNAc modification sites, of which the impact on ICln function is unknown. To explore the functional significance of O‐GlcNAc modification of ICln, the wild type and different mutant forms of ICln have been expressed in a heterologous system and characterized by whole‐cell patch‐clamp in the presence of normal or elevated O‐GlcNAc levels. The results show that: I) O‐GlcNAc elevation suppresses the ICln‐induced current; II) IClnT223A is functional and sensitive to O‐GlcNAc elevation; III) IClnS193X loses most of its activity, though the residual current is sensitive to O‐GlcNAc elevation; IV) IClnS67A is functional but insensitive to O‐GlcNAc elevation; V) the IClnS67T‐induced current is lower compared to the wild type, and is no longer responsive to O‐GlcNAc elevation. Overall, the evidence obtained indicates that O‐GlcNAcylation of ICln at the level of Serine 67 leads to suppression of the ICln‐induced current and may disclose the mechanism by which O‐GlcNAc elevation alters the regulation of cellular volume. We suggest that the protein ICln may represent a novel target in the prevention or treatment of pathological states characterized by chronically elevated O‐GlcNAcylation levels


Classifying the firms listed at stock exchanges basing on their similar characteristics can be put away one of the major challenges on investors' behalf in information-rich stock markets. In this paper, we discuss and examine whether the firms listed at Bahrain Bourse (BHB) can be grouped based on the mean and standard deviations of daily returns within the context of Ward's method under the hierarchical clustering techniques over the period of January 2010 and August 2012. Findings indicate that the firms can be grouped into three main clusters.


Ball inflating apparatus automatically operable through succession of cycles in each of which a ball inflation needle is momentarily exposed for reception of an end of the same through apertured valve housing of an inflatable ball of stretchable material. In each cycle the ball is also engaged between spaced ball sizing means. Simultaneously with each successive withdrawal of the needle from the valve housing, slide members reciprocated in fixed support base operable to present air sealing device in path of reciprocatable plunger, to urge the sealing device into valve housing aperture for retaining air in the inflated ball. With each withdrawal of inflating needle from fully inflated ball and after insertion of sealing device, full distention of inflated ball actuates ball sizing means to release inflated ball and initiate next successive ball inflation cycle.


The Background of this research was the result of TT2+ coverage achievement in Jember district, based on the results of screening tests and immunizations TT in 2010 that was equal to 79.8%, with thelowestTT2+ coverage of pregnant women atLedokombo community health centers at 72.8%.The purpose of this research was to analyze the risk factors the status of TT immunization of pregnant women in the Ledokombocommunity health center, the district of Jember in 2010. This research used analytical survey method with cross-sectional study approach.Samples obtained were 75 people.Sampling was carried out using proportional random sampling technique.The data were obtained by interviews using a questionnaire.The statistical analysis used a logistic regression with α = 0.05. The results showed that the factors influencing maternal TT immunization status were the status of work (p=0.003), knowledge (p= 0.011), attitude (p= 0.002), active immunization officer (p= 0.005), family support (p= 0.001), community support (p = 0.0001). The most dominant factor influencing TT immunization status of pregnant women was the support of the community. From the results of this research it expected the cooperation between the public, immunization staff and family to help support and motivate pregnant women to obtain the complete TT immunization.


The effect of the adsorption of two nonionic surfactants, Triton X-100 and a copolymer, poloxamer 188, on the coadsorption (adsolubilization) of three steroids, hydrocortisone, testosterone, and progesterone, on latex polystyrene nanoparticles has been investigated. It is shown that the formation of surfactant aggregates on the nanoparticles induces the uptake from the aqueous solution of up to 50 wt% of the total concentration of those steroids which are not adsorbed at the solid/liquid interface in the absence of surfactant. Above the equilibrium surfactant critical micelle concentration, the solutes are distributed between the adsorbed surfactant aggregates at the solid surface and the free micelles. The most hydrophobic molecules, progesterone, at all concentrations, and testosterone, at higher concentrations, are adsorbed on the particles in the absence of surfactant. The influence of steroid concentration, the hydrophobicity of the solutes, and the effect of added ethanol were investigated, especially in the case of hydrocortisone. Although, in absolute values, the steroid coadsorption is larger at higher total concentrations, the relative solute uptake is larger at lower concentrations. The addition of ethanol has a small effect on the adsorption of Triton X-100 but a large effect on the coadsorption of hydrocortisone. An attempt has been made to evaluate the solutes partition coefficient between the adsorbed surfactant aggregates and the aqueous solution. Adsorption of Triton X-100 or poloxamer 188 aggregates onto the polystyrene latex particles induces solute partition coefficient values on the same order of magnitude when expressed on the molar scale. For all systems studied, the coadsorption partition coefficients are larger than the corresponding values for the classical micellar solubilization effect.


Aplastic anemia (AA) is mediated by T‐cell autoimmunity in the majority of cases; it is rare and mostly idiopathic in children. We describe a child, who developed AA following Graves' disease which could not be attributed to antithyroid drugs. We hypothesized that both diseases were caused by similar autoimmune process. We monitored the blood counts and did not administer any conventional treatment for AA assuming that the existing anti‐ hematopoietic stem cell humoral and cellular immunity might subside with induction of remission of Grave's disease. The child went into complete remission with the treatment of the Graves' disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:210–212. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A method was developed to synthesize molecular brushes with polymethacrylate backbone and ultrahigh density of grafted side chains (SCs), i.e., 1.34 SCs per backbone carbon atom, using accelerated copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) grafting-onto strategy. This acceleration effect that benefits from the complexation of triazole with Cu was first confirmed in two model CuAAC reactions of (a) 1:1 molar ratio of a diazide compound and an alkynyl-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (ay-PEO18 with average degree of polymerization DP = 18) and (b) 1:1 molar ratio of a dialkyne compound and an azido-terminated N3-PEO18. It was found that both model reactions produced ditriazoles as major products, although the former reaction exhibited a higher yield of PEO–PEO dimers, demonstrating better CuAAC acceleration effect. Following this principle, polymethacrylate backbones with multiazido dangling groups were subsequently used for grafting-onto reaction with ay-SCs to prepare an array of molecular brushes...


Materials Science
The corrosion or rusting of metal structures is an important problem that shortens the life span of buildings and vehicles. Coatings can be used to slow the corrosion down, but they can be damaged or worn away and do not help reverse the process. Thongchaivetcharat et al . created Pickering emulsions in linseed oil containing a corrosion sensor, a corrosion inhibitor, and a healing agent stabilized by a coating of solid particles. The Pickering emulsion droplets were embedded in a polymer matrix that could be applied to the surface of a metal. Corrosion of the metal caused a color change of the trapped dye molecules and the release of the corrosion inhibitors. The coating also showed self-healing after mechanical damage.

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 , 42129 (2020).


OBJECTIVE To study the influence of small interfering RNA(siRNA)silencing cyclin D1 gene on cell proliferation and apoptosis in Hep-2 cell line. METHODS The special siRNA was transfected into Hep-2 cell line using liposomal transfection reagent. The inhibitory effects on the growth of Hep-2 cells were assessed by the MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis and quantization of apoptosis were valued by flow cytometry. RESULTS Silencing cyclin D1 could significantly suppress the growth of the Hep-2 cell in a time-dependent manner. The cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was detected. CONCLUSION Transfecting the special siRNA of cyclin D1 could effectively inhibit the growth of the canner cells, influence the cell cycle and induce their apoptosis.


Organic barley malt preparations were obtained for use as food additives in organic processed food. The malt preparations containing α‐ and β‐amylases and microbial preparations containing both amylases were tested for their ability to convert starch to fermentable sugars and for supplying substrates for fermentation on brown rice, waxy rice, potato, lentil, pea, wheat, and corn. Brown rice and waxy rice treated by malt preparations were significantly preferred over the other substrates (p < .05). Alcohol fermentation characteristics of saccharification preparations, obtained from malt and microbial preparations, by Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus (EC‐1118) showed brown rice to be a preferable substrate compared with the others in case of the organic rather than the microbial ones, with an alcohol fermentation yield of 0.49 ± 0.02g/g and productivity of 2.67 ± 0.09g/L/hr (p < .05), suggesting a role of the malt preparations as new food additives in organic food applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Amylases have various industrial applications, including food, fermentation, textile, paper, and pharmaceutical industries. This study demonstrates that microbial preparations can be replaced by organic barley malt preparations containing α‐ and β‐amylases to produce alcohol by fermentation using brown rice as a fermentation substrate. The organic barley malt preparations create a new applicable uses for organic food processes as an enzyme substitute, particularly in many starch degrading enzymatic applications.


Herbal drugs are widely used to treat and prevent various diseases with more than 80% of people worldwide relying on them for their primary healthcare. Polyherbal formulations express high effectiveness in various diseases due to their synergistic effect. Herbal formulations are required to standardize in order to assess their quality, purity, and biological efficacy. The present study aimed to prepare a polyherbal formulation comprising of lyophilized ethanolic extracts of three well known anti-diabetic herbal drugs (Momordica charantia, Andrographis paniculata and Withania somnifera), and three formulations were developed in combination ratios (1:1:1, 2:1:2, and 2:2:1) respectively and to develop high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for assessment of purity, standardization and estimation of markers. In addition, developed formulations were optimized on the basis of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Standardization of developed polyherbal formulations was performed by using respective biological markers (Vicine, andrographolide, withaferin-A and withanolide-A) by HPLC technique. HPLC was performed using RP-18, Merck column to study the presence and quantification of respective markers at a wavelength of 237 nm. The HPLC study revealed the presence of vicine, andrographolide, withaferin-A, and withanolide-A in quantifiable amounts in respective extracts. OGTT study was performed using normal albino Wistar rats at a drug dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Rats were divided into six groups, including
three combination ratios and standard (Metformin) group. An optimized ratio 2:2:1 showed a significant
decrease in blood glucose levels compared with standard control rats.


Music emotion describes the inherent emotional connotation of a music clip. This work aims to apply fuzzy strategies to studying emotional recognition of digital chime bell music, and a three-layer hierarchical framework is presented to automate the task of music emotion recognition from chime bell music data, by consulting some music experts as well as music literature. Firstly, This work constructs an emotional loop as the emotional model for chime bell music. Secondly, a fuzzy multi-decision-making model for multi-object system and membership function are established. At last, by means of fuzzy math, the emotion of chime bell music is recognized. Experimental evaluations indicate that the proposed system can produce satisfactory results.


Overexpression ofE2F-1 induces apoptosis by both ap14-p53and a p73-mediated pathway.p14 is the alternate tumor suppressor product of the INK4a/ARF locus that is inactivated frequently in lung carcinogenesis. Because p14stabilizesp53, it has been proposed that the loss of p14 is functionally equivalent to a p53mutation. We have tested this hypothesis by examining the genomic status of the unique exon 1 b of p14 in 53 human cell lines and 86 primary non-small cell lung carcinomas and correlated this with previously characterized alterations of p53. Homozygous deletions of p14 were detected in 12 of 53 (23%) cell lines and 16 of 86 (19%) primary tumors. A single cell line, but no primary tumors, harbored an intragenic mutation. The deletion of p14 was inversely correlated with the loss of p53 in the majority of cell lines (P 5 0.02), but this relationship was not maintained among primary tumors (P 5 0.5). E2F-1 can also inducep73 via a p53-independent apoptotic pathway. Although we did not observe inactivation ofp73 by either mutation or DNA methylation, haploinsufficiency of p73correlated positively with either p14 or p53 mutation or both (P 5 0.01) in primary non-small cell lung carcinomas. These data are consistent with the current model of p14 and p53 interaction as a complex network rather than a simple linear pathway and indicate a possible role for an E2F-1-mediated failsafe,p53-independent, apoptotic pathway involving p73 in human lung carcinogenesis.


For the benefit of improved understanding of constitutive behavior of plain concrete,the tests were performed on cubic specimens under quasi-static loading along the path on deviatoric plane of principal strain space with hydraulic servo triaxial testing apparatus.Test results revealed that there is a limit state surface in principal stress space,coinciding with failure surface,to which the points of stress state would always move when loading the specimens along the strain paths.In the Cartesian coordinate system with axis lines p(mean stress) and q(generalized shear stress),p axis is divided into three segments: the low,the medium and the high pressure segment,with two critical values.The p-q curves,i.e.the lines produced by moving points of stress state,are similar to each other when their starting points are in the same segments,and they are different when theirs are not.The above are the phenomena of limit state which may contain some clues for researcher to set up a new framework of constitutive relation for concrete.


Ethnic minorities in Southwestern border areas live in mountain areas and lack communication with the outside world as a result of poor transportation.For a long time,their economy was in the simple form of barter trade.In the late Qing Dynasty,due to feudal economy and limited trading area caused by poor transportation,though interethnic communication was promoted in this area by some Han businessmen,minority economy before the Revolution of 1911 was still isolated in its own system.


Ag-doped TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel process.The characteristics of TiO2 powder were investigated by SEM,XPS,XRD,UV-Vis.The results indicated that the diameter of undoped TiO2 particles was 80-100nm and that of Ag-doped TiO2 particles was 40-50nm,Ag was successfully doped into crystal lattice and the content of Ag was 0.67at%.The crystal forms of Ag-doped and undoped TiO2 were almost the same after annealing at 400℃.However,transform from anatase to rutile could be restrainted after annealing at 600℃.The absorption profile of TiO2 was shifted to longer wavelength by doping.The optimal doping quantity was 0.5% and the optimal annealing temperature was 600℃.Methyl orange was used as the degradable agent in photocatalytic experiment.The results indicated that methyl orange could be degraded 97.9% by Ag-doped TiO2 under the optimal conditions after 120min.


This reflection presents the question of the right to information on social networks, based on interdisciplinary authors in the fields of sociology, communication, administration and information. Points the public sphere and their actions, as well as social representation and access to information available on social networks. Reflects on the right to public opinion in the mobilization for alternative ways to access the information. The discussion permeates government action, the social demands with regard to the informational access and market influence in decision made by government public actions.


Physical adsorption of water vapor plays a much more significant role in eruptive plume energetics on Mars than on Earth. The total surface area in martian plumes is likely comparable to terrestrial ash, while the erupting magma and ambient atmosphere are drier. Plumes cool rapidly during ascent, and a limited population of H2O molecules find adsorption sites to be increasingly stable. Release of latent heat of condensation and the onset of moist convection are diminished, delayed, or even prevented by adsorptive interaction We have developed a 5-component numerical model of the behavior of water in eruptive plumes under Mars-like conditions. We have used the model to study the fate of both juvenile and ambient atmospheric water in the eruption column. Here we investigate the adsorptive interaction of water and silicates as they effect plume dynamics and the partitioning and distribution of H2O to the martian environment. Our focus is on the role of adsorption in scavenging H2O from the ascending eruption column, and the possibility that adsorptive scavenging depresses the vapor pressure in the column below the level considered in most eruptive models.


ABSTRCT It is argued that a major theme of the novel and film Fight Club is that contemporary technological society fosters dissociative modes of experience. Examples are provided of how the content and style of Fight Club are designed to convey the detachment from subjective experience, interpersonal disconnectedness and fragmented sense of self fostered by influences such as consumerism, technology, and rapid mobility. In this way Fight Club illustrates how social, cultural and interpersonal forces can promote sub-clinical and even normative forms of dissociation that, although less extreme, qualitatively approximate floridly pathological manifestations of dissociation. This perspective helps to de-marginalize dissociation, fostering appreciation of the continuity between its non-pathological and clinical manifestations.


Most dinoflagellate had a resting cyst in their life cycle.  This cyst was developed in unfavorable environmental condition. The conventional method for identifying dinoflagellate cyst in natural sediment requires morphological observation, isolating, germinating and cultivating the cysts.  PCR is a highly sensitive method for detecting dinoflagellate cyst in the sediment.  The aim of this study is to examine whether CO1 primer could detect DNA of multispecies dinoflagellate cysts in the sediment from our sampling sites. Dinoflagellate cyst DNA was extracted from 16 sediment samples. PCR method using COI primer was running. The sequencing of dinoflagellate cyst DNA was using BLAST. Results showed that there were two clades of dinoflagellate cysts from four locations of study.  Clade 1 was dominated by samples from the Jeneberang Estuary (JB), Maros Estuary (M) and Pangkep Estuary(P), while clade 2 was dominated by samples from the Paotere Port (PP). The genetic distance varied between DNA dinoflagellate cyst samples ranging from 0.5 -0.6. The closest genetic distance was between sample of JB1 and sample of JB2, while the farthest genetic distance was sample PP1 and PP2. The primer CO1 was not suitable for dinoflagellate cyst DNA due to only picking one DNA, which was a diatom (Licmophora sp).


This paper analyzes university students' craze for graduate schools, expounds the necessity of library's providing the excellent service for graduate examination students, and lists up the measures for serving the graduate examination students in library.


This chapter describes and provides data on relevant technological economic and environmental aspects of operating construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling facilities which, among other output materials (e.g. wood, plastics, metals), produce average to high-quality recycled concrete aggregates. It defines and frames what it might take to achieve, at an industrial level that same quality. Market and economic conditions are discussed, focusing on the CDW recycling facility perspective, as well as environmental consequences of its operation, in a life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach.


Exclusion in modern post-colonial world showcases many facets. It permeates in the name of race, sex, region, color, religion, class, caste, age; even physical and mental challenges in abilities. Around the world, societies grapple with the challenges posed by the complexity of exclusion exhibiting social, economic, political, cultural, legal, psychological nature. Exclusion as a process, as a ‗product' and as a perspective continues to challenge the pace, direction, nature, opportunities and outcomes of development. Exclusion finds a forceful agency in Patriarchy. Patriarchy, like exclusion, is multi-dimensional, multi-contextual, and dynamic with multi-cultural manifestations across social institutions namely family, religion, education, economy, politics and media. Patriarchy at its root refers to 'rule by father or man'; signifying the multi-faceted nature of male power; a system of male dominance over women, children and even other men of weaker status socially, economically or politically. Patriarchy lends itself expediently to the many forces of exclusion in society thereby proliferate potent perils to sustainable development and social justice. Women continue to be the most excluded, discriminated and marginalized segment of the society; more so Indian rural women. Patriarchy limits women's equal access and control over freedom, livelihood, land, labor, and even dictates their aspirations posing serious threat to women empowerment, gender equality and development. The empirical study involves rural women in dairy cooperatives of Mysore district in India. Comprehensive pre-tested questionnaire was used for primary data collection along with field observations. The paper examines patriarchy as an agency of social exclusion through the study of women's participation, expression and decision-making at multi-levels namely family, cooperatives and village.


This is a submission to the W3C Model-Based UI Working Group and describes a metamodel and XML format for defining abstract dialog models for context-sensitive interactive systems.


BACKGROUND
To analyze the frequency of HIV primary mutations to nucleosides analogues in Andalusia.

PATIENTS AND METHOD
Genotype study (LiPA) of mutations in codons M41L, T69D, K70R, L74V, M184V, T215Y/F and RT75G-S was performed in 106 HIV-naive patients from 12 Andalusian hospitals, with viral load over 5000 copies of RNA/ml.

RESULTS
Reliable results were obtained in 96 patients; 11 of them (11.45%) showed 12 mutations: two in codon 41, four in codon 70, three in codon 184 and three in codon 215. One patient showed two mutations (41 and 215). The presence of mutations only was related to having sex partner and sexual transmission of HIV infection.

CONCLUSIONS
a) The primary mutations to nucleosides in HIV patients from Andalusia was 11.45%; b) mainly involved drugs were AZT and 3Tc, and c) mutations regarding resistance to ddC, ddI o D4T were not found.


The aim of this research is to find a general profile of the creativity of SEKAMI Trustees of the Archdiocese of Kupang. This research was born from the author's concern regarding the importance of the Church's attention to the formation of children's faith. One of the tasks that the Church can do is to help develop children's faith. This research uses descriptive-quantitative methods. This method attempts to describe the situation or reality in the form of percentage figures. To obtain accurate data, the author shares that the results of the research show that the creativity of SEKAMI supervisors in the Kupang Archdiocese (especially in the respondent's area) is classified as very good. 129 SEKAMI coaches out of 152 respondents stated that they were very creative in carrying out their duties and calling. The score obtained for the aspect of self-awareness as a SEKAMI coach was 91.4%. For the aspect of creativity in thinking and acting, a score of 86.8% was obtained. Meanwhile, for the aspect of the relationship between designed or planned activities and parish pastoral care, a score of 61.8% was obtained.


In this paper, a local radial basis function–based semi‐Lagrangian lattice Boltzmann method (RBF‐SL‐LBM) is proposed. This is a mesh‐free method that can be used for the simulation of incompressible flows. In this method, the collision step is performed locally, which is the same as in the standard LBM. In the meanwhile, the steaming step is solved in a semi‐Lagrangian framework. The distribution functions at the departure points, which may be not the grid points in general, are computed by the local radial basis function interpolation. Several numerical tests are conducted to validate the present method, including the lid‐driven cavity flow, the steady and unsteady flow past a circular cylinder, and the flow past an NACA0012 airfoil. The present results are in good agreement with those published in the previous literature, which demonstrates the capability of RBF‐SL‐LBM for the simulation of incompressible flows.


Abstract The self-medication practice, or the self-administration of medicine or dietary supplements without any physician's advice, represents a public health issue due to its potentially related adverse health events. In older adults, few data are available on self-medication behaviors. The main objective of our study was thus to assess the prevalence of self-medication in a population of older adults. As a secondary exploratory analysis, we seek to determine the determinants of self-medication practice and its association with adverse health outcomes. Our sample was comprised of men and women aged 65 and over from the SarcoPhAge study. Data regarding self-administration of substances were collected through self-administered questionnaire. Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of the participants as well as medical history were recorded by the investigator. A total of 272 older adults were recruited with a mean age of 77.3±5.2 years. Among them, 119 (43.8%) reported resorting to self-medication (38.6% self-administration of vitamins and dietary supplements, 28.5% self-administration of drugs). Participants which resort to self-medication were older (78.9±4.7 years versus 77.1±3.9 years, p=0.04) and had a lower body mass index (25.7±3.9 versus 27.3±5.2, p=0.006). After adjustments for confounding factors, significant associations were noted between self-medication practice and fractures (OR=3.36[1.02-11.28]) and hospitalizations (OR=1.77 [1.03-3.05]) occurred during the previous year. The practice of self-medication seems widespread among the older age. It seems more frequent in more vulnerable subjects and having experienced adverse health outcomes. This type of health practice must therefore attract the attention of health actors.


Dear Editor, Hussain et al. proposed an interesting opinion about the potential impact of sunlight on SARSCoV-2 [1]. The authors introduced two possible mechanisms in which sunlight could contribute to better management and improved outcomes of COVID-19 infection; immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D and germicidal property of the ultraviolet (UV) light. The impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 and the positive effects of vitamin D supplementation have been shown in recent studies [2]. Regarding the other mechanism, although some previous Canadian Journal of Medicine


During the year I have sailed 21,000 miles. Have visited Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, & passed nearly a month in that great metropolis. Saw the Emperor &. the splendid Empress on many great occasions. Deposed our Captain & shipped a new one. Doubled Cape Horn, saw Robinson Crusoe's cave on the Island of Juan Fernandez-visited the ancient cities of Callao & lima in Peru. Had an introduction to &. shook hands with <Sl conversed with the President Don Raymond Castilla, visited the convents & nunneries, witnessed the great festival of Corpus Christi. Entered on the 5th of August the harbour of San Francisco. Have come up 400 miles to the mines. Have been sick 2 months &. lived nearly that time on acorns &. beef. Thank God my health is improving. May my life be spared, may I be prospered <Sl return in safety to my friends is my unworthy prayer.1


We investigate the performance of different blind adaptive array algorithms in CDMA mobile systems. Two novel algorithms, least-squares despread respread multitarget array (LS-DRMTA) and least-squares despread respread multitarget constant modulus algorithm (LS-DRMTCMA), are developed. The performance of these two novel algorithms is compared with that of the existing multitarget least-squares constant modulus algorithm (MT-LSCMA) and multitarget steepest-descent decision-directed (MT-SDDD) algorithm. It is shown from simulation that these two novel algorithms can outperform the other algorithms in all test situations, e.g. additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and multipath environment.


Of central importance in the dissection of the components that govern complex traits is understanding the architecture of natural genetic variation. Genetic interaction, or epistasis, constitutes one aspect of this, but epistatic analysis has been largely avoided in genome wide association studies because of statistical and computational difficulties. This thesis explores both issues in the context of two-locus interactions. Initially, through simulation and deterministic calculations it was demonstrated that not only can epistasis maintain deleterious mutations at intermediate frequencies when under selection, but that it may also have a role in the maintenance of additive variance. Based on the epistatic patterns that are evolutionarily persistent, and the frequencies at which they are maintained, it was shown that exhaustive two dimensional search strategies are the most powerful approaches for uncovering both additive variance and the other genetic variance components that are coprecipitated. However, while these simulations demonstrate encouraging statistical benefits, two dimensional searches are often computationally prohibitive, particularly with the marker densities and sample sizes that are typical of genome wide association studies. To address this issue different software implementations were developed to parallelise the two dimensional triangular search grid across various types of high performance computing hardware. Of these, particularly effective was using the massively-multi-core architecture of consumer level graphics cards. While the performance will continue to improve as hardware improves, at the time of testing the speed was 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than CPU based software solutions that are in current use. Not only does this software enable epistatic scans to be performed routinely at minimal cost, but it is now feasible to empirically explore the false discovery rates introduced by the high dimensionality of multiple testing. Through permutation analysis it was shown that the significance threshold for epistatic searches is a function of both marker density and population sample size, and that because of the correlation structure that exists between tests the threshold estimates currently used are overly stringent. Although the relaxed threshold estimates constitute an improvement in the power of two dimensional searches, detection is still most likely limited to relatively large genetic effects. Through direct calculation it was shown that, in contrast to the additive case where the decay of estimated genetic variance was proportional to falling linkage disequilibrium between causal variants and observed markers, for epistasis this decay was exponential. One way to rescue poorly captured causal variants is to parameterise association tests using haplotypes rather than single markers. A novel statistical method that uses a regularised parameter selection procedure on two locus haplotypes was developed, and through extensive simulations it can be shown that it delivers a substantial gain in power over single marker based tests. Ultimately, this thesis seeks to demonstrate that many of the obstacles in epistatic analysis can be ameliorated, and with the current abundance of genomic data gathered by the scientific community direct search may be a viable method to qualify the importance of epistasis. Acknowledgements For the duration of my studies I have received support, direction and inspiration from many people, and expressing the depth of my gratitude to them is proving to be an intractable problem. My thanks to: Chris Haley and Sara Knott, who gave me the opportunity to do this work, were extremely generous with their time, and offered advice, wisdom, and perspective; John Woolliams, whose guidance was invaluable; Ricardo Pong-Wong, who I have asked for help one thousand times and he has never been too busy; Thanasis Theocharidis, Wenhua Wei, and Ian Handel, with whom I could talk about things that nobody else would talk to me about (computers); the mysterious keepers of eddie and cseht; BBSRC, The Roslin Institute, Biosciences KTN, and Archie Clutter for the funding; my friends, because you are all very distracting; my family: Arman, Noor, and my wonderful parents.


In this paper we find a class of umbrella alternatives for which the MACK-WOLFE (1981) peak known test is optimal in the sense of Pitman efficiency. The asymptotic null distribution of the CHEN-WOLFE (1989) statistic for the peak-unknown umbrella alternatives problem is obtained. Some percentiles of the asymptotic distribution computed by simulation are presented.


Wireless power transfer promises to revolutionize the way in which we use and power mobile devices. However, low transfer efficiencies prevent this technology from seeing wide scale real-world adoption. The aim of this work is to use quasioptics to develop a system composed of a dielectric lens fed by a phased array to reduce spillover losses, increasing the beam efficiency, while working on the antenna system's Fresnel zone. The DC-RF electronics, digital beamforming and beam-steering by an FPGA, and radiating 4 × 4 microstrip patch phased array have been developed and experimented upon, while the lens has been designed and simulated. This paper details these preliminary results, where the phased array radiation pattern was measured, showing that the beam is being generated and steered as expected, prompting the lens construction for the complete system experimentation.


Quite by chance after this lecture had been written I saw at first hand part of the fire-fighting operation in the Tanneron in the South of France using flying-boats. This provided an excellent point from which to begin. On 23rd August 1986 a vast fire was started deliberately, it was alleged, in the valley of the River Siagne, between Grasse and Mandelieu. There was a strong mistral blowing at the time. It was brought under control two days later with the aid of a small force of around nine 'Pelicans': Canadair CL-215 flying-boats (Plate 1). Each aeroplane can scoop up over 5000 litres (more than five tons) of water, in 10 seconds while planing at 70 knots (Plate 2). At times three aircraft would land in loose formation to do so. In the end the fire, said to be the worst since 1706, was reported to have destroyed 10 000 hectares (say 25 000 acres) of farm, forest and homes. Four people died, 700 suffered from burns and asphyxia, 8000 were left homeless.


The frequency‐magnitude distribution of earthquakes measured by the b‐value is determined as a function of space beneath Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from data recorded between August 1, 1995 and March 31, 1996. A volume of anomalously high b‐values (b > 3.0) with a 1.5 km radius is imaged at depths of 0 and 1.5 km beneath English's Crater and Chance's Peak. This high b‐value anomaly extends southwest to Gage's Soufriere. At depths greater than 2.5 km volumes of comparatively low b‐values (b∼1) are found beneath St. George's Hill, Windy Hill, and below 2.5 km depth and to the south of English's Crater. We speculate the depth of high b‐value anomalies under volcanoes may be a function of silica content, modified by some additional factors, with the most siliceous having these volumes that are highly fractured or contain high pore pressure at the shallowest depths.


Rural market is the heart of India. Hard selling to the heart of India is a formidable challenge because reaching 6 lakh villages and feeding a retail network of over 35 lakh village shops is a distribution night mare. Research shows that despite an increase in the number of consumer class households and levels of disposable income, 68% of the rural market still lies untapped primarily due to inaccessibility. The saturation of urban markets and growing potential of rural markets have forced marketers to adopt out-of-the box thinking to come up with innovative solution, to ensure that the products reach remote locations.3PLs (Third Party Logistics Providers) can be considered as an innovative, cost effective, sustainable model for rural distribution. The paper finally highlights the role of 3PLs in supply chain aggregation, supply chain surplus, advantages and risks associated with 3PL in SCM in the rural areas and how to overcome these risks in order to increase the supply chain surplus and value to the rural customers.


Brand Loyalty is a benchmark of whether or not a consumer is loyal to a brand. Factors that can affect brand loyalty include brand image, brand trust, and brand satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of brand image, brand trust, and brand satisfaction simultaneously on the brand loyalty of OVO e-wallet users on UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, to partially analyze the influence of brand image on the brand loyalty of OVO e-wallet users in UPN Veteran Jawa Timur students, to analyze the influence of brand trust partially on the brand loyalty of OVO e-wallet users on UPN Veteran Jawa Timur students and partially analyze brand satisfaction on the brand loyalty of OVO e-wallet users in UPN Veteran Jawa Timur students. This type of research is associative research using quantitative methods. The population in this study was UPN Veteran Jawa Timur students who used OVO e-wallets and the sample in this study was 100 respondents. The source of the data used is the answers from the respondents. The data collection technique used is to use a questionnaire in the form of a Google Form. Based on the results of the data analysis that has been carried out, the results of namely Brand Image, brand trust and brand satisfaction have a simultaneous effect on the brand loyalty of the OVO e-wallet, this is based on the results of the F test, which is 35,196. Then based on the results of the t test, it is known that brand image has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty with a significance value of 0.004, Brand trust has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty with a significance value of 0.000 and brand satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty with a significance value of 0.013.


Critical infrastructure networks, including water, power, communication, and transportation, among others, are necessary to society's functionality. In recent years, the threat of different types of disruptions to such infrastructure networks has become an increasingly important problem to address. Due to existing interdependencies, damage to a small area of one of the networks could have far-reaching effects on the ability to meet demand across the entire system. Common disruption scenarios include, among others, intentional malevolent attacks, natural disasters, and random failures. Similar works have focused on only one type of scenario, but combining a variety of disruptions may lead to more realistic results. Additionally, the concept of social vulnerability, which describes an area's ability to prepare for and respond to a disruption, must be included. This should promote not only the protection of the most at-risk components but also ensure that socially vulnerable communities are given adequate resources. This work provides a decision making framework to determine the allocation of defensive resources that accounts for all these factors. Accordingly, we propose a multi-objective mathematical model with the objectives of: (i) minimizing the vulnerability of a system of interdependent infrastructure networks, and (ii) minimizing the total cost of the resource allocation strategy. Moreover, to account for uncertainty in the proposed model, this paper incorporates a means to address robustness in finding the most adaptable network protection plan to reduce the vulnerability of the system of interdependent networks to a variety of disruption scenarios. The proposed work is illustrated with an application to social vulnerability and interdependent power, gas, and water networks in Shelby County, Tennessee.


The purpose of this study is to analyze constitutive and geometric formativeness from architecture designed by Zaha Hadid. We made total 4 hair design work based on analysis and the result are as follows. First, We analyze Zaha Hadid's formativeness according to period of beginning, middle and latter in order to understand background of formation. At the beginning, the architecture was effected by de-constructivism so it features atypically geometric structure with dynamical- diagonal line. At the middle, irregular curves shows dynamic and the combination of porosity and systematic shows formativeness. At the end, the structure shows more curve used flexibly. Second, We analyze Zaha Hadid's 4 representative architecture and realize that the architecture shows flexible and informal feature due to diagonal wall, leaned-column, systematic curve, repeated diagonal line and curve. Third, we are motivated by Zaha Hadid's 4 representative architecture and finally make creative hair design work. Work 1 is motivated by Vitra Fire Station that features sharp direction and asymmetry. Work 1 shows informal beauty of a sculpture. Work 2 is motivated by Galaxy Soho that features repeated and intersected soft and curve. Work 2 shows repeated and successive pattern in three dimension. Work 3 is motivated by Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre that features flexible curve. Work 3 shows a sense of balance with S and C curve overlapped. Work 4 is motivated by Dongdaemun Design Plaza that features harmony of irregular and asymmetric. Work 4 shows soft and rhythmical beauty by using smooth and gross texture together. Additionally It has voluminous style and an air of mystery thanks to ash blue color. The research is to make creative hair design work motivated by Zaha Hadid's architecture. The preceding research of hair design which has something to do with architecture is limited, specially when with Zaha Hadid's architecture. The significance of research is to develop creative hair design.


As a high proportion of people with clinically isolated syndrome (pwCIS) exhibit sympathetic adrenergic and sudomotor dysfunction, the aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of autonomic nervous system (ANS) abnormalities in pwCIS over a 2‐year follow‐up.


and of the corresponding extension (1.3) to BV (Ω), with the aim of understanding which are the minimal assumptions on f that guarantee lower semicontinuity. Here, the starting point is the result, proved in [20], stating that if the integrand f(x, u, ξ) is a nonnegative, continuous function from Ω× IR× IR , convex in ξ, and such that the (classical) derivatives ∇xf,∇ξf,∇x∇ξf exist and are continuous functions, then the integral functional (1.1) is lower semicontinuous in W 1,1(Ω), with respect to the L1 convergence in the open set Ω. In 1983 De Giorgi, Buttazzo and Dal Maso (see [9]) showed that Serrin's assumptions can be substantially weakened when dealing with autonomous (i.e. f ≡ f(u, ξ)) functionals of the type (1.1). In this case they were able to prove the L1-lower semicontinuity without even assuming f to be continuous in u for all ξ ∈ IR . Their result is proved by approximating the integrand f with a sequence of affine functions and then using a suitable version of the chain rule in the Sobolev space W 1,1(Ω) in order to get the lower semicontinuity of the approximating functionals. On the other hand, things are more complicate if we allow f to depend explicitely on x, since convexity in ξ and continuity with respect to all variables (x, u, ξ) are not enough to ensure the lower semicontinuity of functional (1.1), as shown by a well known example of Aronszajin (see [19]). An even more surprising counterexample to lower semicontinuity has been recently given by Gori, Maggi and Marcellini in [18] (see also [17]). In their example, which is one dimensional, the integrand f is equal to |a(x, u)ξ − 1| and the function a is Holder continuous in x, uniformly with respect to u. These examples clearly show that in order to get lower semicontinuity we must retain, in the spirit of Serrin's theorem recalled above, some differentiability of f with respect to x. This is


2011;57;1330-1337; originally published online Feb 14, 2011; J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Richard L. Page, David J. Slotwiner, William G. Stevenson, and Cynthia M. Tracy Michael D. Ezekowitz, Warren M. Jackman, Craig T. January, James E. Lowe, L. Samuel Wann, Anne B. Curtis, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, N.A. Mark Estes, III, on Practice Guidelines of Cardiology Foundation Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force Atrial Fibrillation (Update on Dabigatran): A Report of the American College 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Update on the Management of Patients With This information is current as of March 11, 2012 http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/57/11/1330 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is


AIM: To observe the expression of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) ICAM 1, adhension rate of neutrophil to cultured endothelial cell during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and the influence of glutathione on it. METHODS: Twenty children with congenital heart disease aged from 5 to 12 years were randomly divided into control group and interventional group. Patients in interventional group received redued glutathione (30 mg/kg) in priming fluid. The blood was sampled on the time of 24 h before operation, 20 min after CPB, before rewarming, the end of CPB, 4 h after operation, 24 h after operation in the control group, and on the time of 24 h before operation, 4 h after operation in the interventional group. After isolated PMN,we detected the expression of ICAM 1 in PMN by immunohistochemistry, assayed adhension rate of neutrophil to cultured endothelial cell. RESULTS: Both the expression of ICAM 1 and adhesion rate to EC were elevated during CPB, and the values in interventional group were obviously lower than that in control group at 4 h after operation [(2.52± 0.96)×10 6 vs ( 4.20±0.82)×10 6; (23.63± 2.51)% vs (27.99±2.58)%, P 0.05]. CONCLUSION: CPB causes the expression of ICAM 1 and increases adhension rate of PMN to cultured EC,which could be ameliorated by redued glutathione.


The attenuation of the x-ray beam used in computerized tomography (CT) imaging is proportional to the atomic density of the tissue being imaged, meaning changes in the units measuring attenuation of the radiation beam (Houns fi eld units) are proportional to the density of imaged tissue such as bone. This makes CTa good potential modality for identifying patients with clinically signi fi cant diminished bone mineral density. The high validity as well as lower cost and lower radiation exposure of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans compared to CT have made DXA scans the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, CT scans have become incredibly common, particularly in the high risk for insuf fi ciency fracture group of adult patients presenting to emergency centres after fall, 1 which provides enormous potential for opportunistic screening of patients for osteoporosis on CT. The


Background: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an infection affecting a significant proportion of population from all age groups across the globe with considerable morbidity and mortality. There is a need for data from various parts of India to better understand the epidemiology of CAP. Present study is an attempt to present the relevant data from a tertiary care hospital in Rajkot, Gujarat during the study period.Methods: This observational prospective descriptive study was done during November 2014 to April 2016 at Department of TB and chest diseases, PDU Hospital at Rajkot in Gujarat. 50 patients with clinical features suggestive of CAP were enrolled. Male and female patients (above age of 12 years) admitted to TB and Chest ward or patients on OPD basis were selected for the study. The diagnosis of CAP was mainly clinical with some assistance from radiological picture. All patients were thoroughly examined particularly with regards to detailed history, clinical examination, predisposing factors and associated co-morbid conditions. Sputum examination-gram stain and culture sensitivity was done in all patients, where sputum was available. Sputum examination for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl Nelson staining technique was done. Age and sex distribution of patients, microorganisms isolated and the clinical features were described and analyzed.Results: The mean age was 38.38±17.41 (SD) years. Male patients were 34 (68%) and female patients were 16 (32%). Male to female ratio was 2.1:1. In this study, 47 (94%) patients were admitted in the hospital for the management and 3 (6%) patients were treated on the OPD basis. Fever and cough were most common symptoms whereas dull note on affected side and crepitations were the commonest signs elicited. In this study, the most common predisposing factor was smoking which accounted for 20 (40%) patients. The most common lobe involved was Left Lower lobe accounting for 20 (40%) patients and least common lobe involved was left upper lobe accounting for 2 (4%) patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated in 8 (16%) patients and second common organism was Klebsiella isolated in 7 (14%) patients.Conclusions: Males, especially smokers were more commonly affected and Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated. The study gives the hospital based data from the region regarding epidemiology and clinical features of community acquired pneumonia.


Hybrid photonic-plasmonic nanostructures allow one to engineer coupling of quantum emitters and cavity modes accounting for the direct coherent and environment mediated dissipative pathways. Using generalized plasmonic Dicke model, we explore the non-equilibrium phase diagram with respect to these interactions. The analysis shows that their interplay results in the extension of the superradiant and regular lasing states to the dissipative coupling regime and an emergent lasing phase without population inversion having boundary with the superradiant and normal states. Calculated photon emission spectra are demonstrated to carry distinct signatures of these phases.


and in contrast to data obtained in the French, Canadian,3 and Australian populations.1 In our article, we highlighted the remarkable consistency between these three populations with respect to the frequency with which combinations of different laboratory variables occurred in patients with cirrhosis due to C282Y hemochromatosis. For example, the percentages of the cohorts with serum ferritin 1000 g/L and cirrhosis in Canadian, French, and Australian C282Y populations were 36%, 39.7%, and 38.5%, respectively. The three centers from which these data were reported are major referral institutions for hemochromatosis, and this could introduce referral bias into the observations. It would be of particular interest to determine whether similar results are reproduced in studies of patients reported from centers in which referral bias may not be an operative factor. Whether there are significant geographical and/or ethnic factors that alter the role of laboratory predictors of cirrhosis is unknown. We would encourage Dr. Castiella and his colleagues to extend their studies to determine if there are differences between populations with respect to the clinical utility of markers of fibrosis in C282Y hemochromatosis and particularly whether measurements of the serum hyaluronic acid concentration are also reliable for predicting cirrhosis in their population.


Emergency services must be able to transfer data with high priority over different networks. With 5G, slicing concepts at mobile network connections are introduced, allowing operators to divide portions of their network for specific use cases. In addition, Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) principles allow to assign different Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) levels to different network slices.


Background and Purpose Elevations of protein S-100 (S-100) in cerebrospinal fluid and serum have been reported after cerebral infarctions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the time course of serum S-100 concentrations after territorial middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarctions in correlation with clinical data and prognosis. Methods S-100 serum levels were serially determined in 26 patients with an acute infarction in the territory of the MCA at day 0 (within 12 hours after onset of symptoms), day 1 (24 hours after stroke onset), and days 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 or 8, and 10 after stroke and in 26 age- and sex-matched control subjects. S-100 assays were performed using a two-site radioimmunoassay technique. The clinical status was documented using the Scandinavian Stroke Scale. The functional deficit 4 weeks after stroke onset was scored by use of the modified Rankin scale. A cranial computed tomography (CCT) was performed initially and at day 4 or 5. Results Elevated concentrations of S-100 (>0.2 μg/L) were obs...


In connection with the use of new materials and structures in construction, the issue of developing sealing materials for construction purposes with an improved set of properties remains relevant. In particular, sealing materials based on ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) are promising due to their resistance to UV radiation, ozone, and the absence of cold flow. The paper shows the possibility of obtaining reactive sealants based on EPDM and silane-terminated prepolymers - STP based on oligotetraoxymethylene glycol (polyfurite) and based on oligooxypropylene glycol (laprol). The use of prepolymers leads to an increase in the cohesive and adhesive strength of the sealing compositions, while maintaining the cohesive nature of the fracture. Also, the obtained sealants are more technological, since they have a lower viscosity under processing conditions. Extensive tests of reactive sealants based on EPDM have shown that after aging it has a higher level of properties compared to sealants without STP.


A 9.8-year-old girl with growth hormone (GH) deficiency and concomitant chronic and localized psoriasis of the groins and axillae showed repeated and sudden relapse of eruptive psoriasis after GH treatment. The aggravating effect of GH and the improvement of the skin condition after withdrawal suggests, at least in this case, that GH plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.


In this work, we have studied a magnetohydrodynamic, Casson fluid flow with velocity slip over an inclined nonlinearly stretching surface in Non-Darcy porous medium, numerically. In the mathematical model, we have transformed the momentum equation, energy equation and mass concentration equations to non-dimensional ordinary differential equations using similarity variables. We have solved the equations numerically by bvp4c using MATLAB for the numerical computation, and took  and axes so that figures are clearly visible. We have discussed and analysed the magnitude of the velocity, temperature, concentration, Local Skin friction, Local Nusselt number and Local Sherwood number using their representative parameters and the effects of these parameters on the respective boundary layer regions using graphs, figures and tables.


Towards the demand of affordable beamforming systems with satisfactory performance and size specification, an 8 x 8 hybrid beamforming (HBF) system based on active antenna array (AAA) is presented in this paper. Different from the existing AAAs with dipole antennas connected with active circuits by connectors, in the proposed design, low-profile patch filtennas are employed and connectors are replaced with PCB metal holes, further decreasing the overall size and insertion loss significantly. Besides, the proposed filtenna exhibits a quasi-elliptic filtering response without extra filtering circuits. Measured results show that the active circuits perform a low gain variation and a low noise figure both below 1.5dB, and the filtenna performs a wide bandwidth from 3.2GHz to 3.7GHz and two radiation nulls at 2.4GHz and 4.9GHz. The HBF system exhibits a compact configuration and a good beam steering capability in the range from - 40deg to 40deg.


Self-assembly of supramolecular amphiphile consisting of 25,27-bispolyethyleneglycol-calix[4]arene (2mPEG-C[4]A) and phenol palmitate has been studied in a water/dioxane cosolvent. Based on the host-guest interaction of 2mPEG-C[4]A and phenol palmitate, a supramolecular calixarene amphiphile can be readily constructed. Interestingly, by only adjusting the molar ratio of calix[4]arene hosts to benzene derivatives, various morphologies with different size appear. Because of the weak interaction between 2mPEG-C[4]A and phenol palmitate, the formation of these assemblies is dynamic. Such a dynamic behavior can be applied in the controlled release of dyes and drugs.


In this study of 125 heterosexual long-wed couples, we examined both spouses' personality traits and relative differences in partner perceptions of personality as predictors of marital satisfaction, simultaneously for both husbands and wives. As hypothesized, each of the Big Five personality traits emerged as significantly associated with marital satisfaction though significant between-trait and between-sex differences were observed. Most notably, trait levels predicted marital satisfaction less consistently than positive reporting discrepancies (i.e., comparatively greater extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and lower neuroticism reported by spouses vis-à-vis their partners' self-descriptions). While previous research points to a central role of neuroticism, our findings suggest that conscientiousness is the trait most broadly associated with marital satisfaction in this sample of long-wed couples. These differences between study findings may reflect change over the course of married life, the degree to which neuroticism determines divorce, overreliance on younger samples in previous marital research, or some combination of these three.


Dissemination of phosphate mobilizing bacteria in rhizosphere of winter wheat for soils of Ukrainian South (southern chernosem and dark-chestnut soil) has been studied. The isolation of strains has been cultured in the selective glucose-asparagine medium with Са3(РО4)2 оr phytin. The selection of effective strains of phosphate mobilizing bacteria (PMB) was implemented in several stages. The effective strain of bacteria, conductive to the internalization of hard-soluble organic (phytin) phosphate by plants, has been desorbed from the southern chernozem, its properties have been studied, and its identification has been carried out. The biopreparation phosphoenterin has been composed on the basis of this strain. Phosphoenterin have been widely adopted in the cultivation of winter wheat, barley, vegetables (cabbage, tomato) in southern part and other climatic area of Ukraine.


With the rapid development of the information age, Chinese colleges and universities keep exploring brand-new online education models for their ideological and political education. The key to the development of current education website for ideological and political management of colleges and universities is the networked management efficiency to be provided for the education model of ideological and political management on the basis of integration with .NET technology. The online management of ideological and political education is also essentially a brand-new development way to promote the modernization of education model. As integrated with the network information platform, colleges and universities enrich teaching content and management approaches to ideological and political education, thus creating good learning environment for their students. For this purpose, as a new attempt to promote individual learning and collaborative learning, a networked development model of quite high feasibility for the ideological and political education of colleges and university is provided on the basis of.NET-based network platform in this study, through which the ideological and political education of colleges and universities will be promoted towards the informatization of a new age.


This case report describes a multidisciplinary approach to treat subgingivally fractured permanent right maxillary central incisor using orthodontic forced eruption to facilitate prosthetic restoration. A 23-year-old female patient reported at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with chief complaint of a fractured tooth and its unaesthetic appearance. Intraoral examination revealed that the maxillary right central incisor had sustained a oblique crown root fracture with pulp exposure. The treatment included endodontic procedure and orthodontic root extrusion using MBT mini brackets of .022 slots with ligation of .012 nickel titanium wire before going to prosthetic rehabilitation. Approximately 4.00 mm of extrusion of the tooth was obtained within 21 days with 0.5 mm extrusion of fracture margin supragingivally. A fiber post cementation, use of diode laser to correct the gingival margin and final restoration was performed with a porcelain fused to metal crown.

Keywords: Crown-Root fracture, Multidisciplinary management, Root canal treatment.


A novel carbon paste electrode modified with a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), tyrosinase, and Nafion membrane (CP/MWCNT/Tyr/Nafion) was developed for voltammetric determination of epinephrine (EP). The CP/MWCNT/Tyr/Nafion biosensor exhibited linear dynamic range from  M to  M EP concentration with a good correlation coefficient ( ). The detection limit of the biosensor was calculated as  M EP from the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 3). Reproducibility of the biosensor was also calculated from relative standard deviation as 3.8% ( ). Ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) did not interfere in the quantification of epinephrine. The developed biosensor was also successfully applied for the determination of epinephrine in pharmaceutical sample. The CP/MWCNT/Tyr/Nafion biosensor has good sensitivity, selectivity, stability, easy preparation procedure, and short analysis time and can be used for the determination of EP in pharmacological samples.


Our research program aims to develop the fundamental understanding and technology of thin films of nanoporous metal alloys. These films have applications as coatings for biomedical devices for local delivery of therapeutic agents, adhesion promoters to join dissimilar materials, and catalytic agents for efficient fuel-cells and environmental remediation, among others. Nanoporous films are created by depositing a mixture of two or more metals, and subsequently removing one of the constituents by a selective chemical etch, a process known as dealloying. The resultant film has an open-cell structure consisting of ligaments and voids with dimensions on the nm to tens-of nm scale. Our inquiries cover synthesis methods, experimental and theoretical studies of mechanical properties, and investigations of material transport.


Research results from domains such as road highway traffic and military vehicle platoons conclude that string stability cannot be obtained when vehicles use only relative spacing information to maintain constant distance behind a predecessor. Air traffic studies confirm these results but such instability has not been shown for constant time delay based airborne spacing. Unlike constant distance based, constant time delay based spacing has the potential to enhance stability by anticipating changes in spacing using the preceding aircraft's history. This simulation based study analysed the merging of aircraft by constant time delay based spacing over the period of the order of an hour to observe any build up of error propagation effects. Aircraft descended from 12,000 feet to 4,000 feet, each trying to achieve ninety seconds spacing with respect to its predecessor. The spacing anticipation time for each trailing aircraft to react to the preceding aircraft's time history was varied from 0 to 20s. Without anticipation, a time spacing error was observed to propagate at about 20 knots groundspeed in a forwards direction (towards runway) growing to about -3.5s (trail aircraft too early and too close). This compression wave was avoided by increasing spacing anticipation to 10s. Values larger than 10s reversed the error and moved it upstream. A tuned scenario was repeated for 5,400 random values of initial time spacing error and top of descent with automatic and manual airborne spacing modes. Time spacing accuracy and pilot activity were measured to be within required values previously derived for a pair of aircraft but the corresponding cost in speed variation was higher.


The purpose of the paper is to develop methodological bases for assessing vocational aptitude of human-operators of man-machine systems. The model of vocational aptitude and the process of decision-making in the class of hierarchical systems were developed based on the hierarchy analysis method. The experimental research of vocational aptitude assessment for operators of transport-technological machines was carried out. As a result, it became possible to reduce the preparation cost of professionals and to raise the level of operators professional skills.


Three experiments tested the exemplar cuing and frequency format accounts of how the 'imaginability' of low-probability events is enhanced. The experiments manipulated imaginability by varying the statistics used to describe negative (e.g. being scarred as a result of laser surgery) and positive (e.g. winning a lottery) low-probability events. The results strongly supported the frequency format account, whereby imaginability is enhanced through the use of frequency formats for conveying statistical information (e.g. 20 out of 2000 as opposed to 0.01%). However, only limited support was found for exemplar cuing (EC) theory. Overall the results support the claim that the imaginability of outcomes plays a key role in thinking about low-probability events, but question the mechanisms specified by EC theory for mediating such effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Cefepime, a fourth‐generation cephalosporin, acts as a GABAA receptor antagonist. Cefepime‐induced encephalopathy (CIE) is frequently overlooked. We aimed to clarify the clinical features, characteristic electroencephalography (EEG), and mechanisms of CIE to aid in its early recognition.


The redox reactions of C 60 fullerene incorporated into a cast film of an artificial lipid (tri-n-dodecylmethylammonium bromide, 3C 12 N + Br - ) on a boron-doped p-type semiconductive diamond electrode were investigated in an aqueous medium. The electrode showed one quasi-reversible and one sigmoidal wave in the cyclic voltammogram. In contrast, three quasi-reversible waves were observed when using a basal-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. The redox mechanism of C 60 in the 3C 12 N + Br - film on the diamond electrode is explained using an electron energy diagram. The significance of the surface states in the hole transfer processes from the diamond electrode to C 60 in the lipid film is discussed.


The paper deals with the results of professional selection of cosmonaut candi-dates by physical readiness in 2019–2020 within the framework of the third open contest. The basis for this analysis was the documented medical fitness certificates of applicants developed according to the results of performing the normative physical exercises by them during the full-time selection stage at "Yu.A. Gagarin R&T CTC" FSBO.


During the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade 1980-1990 in India, there was a marked preference
in rural drinking water supply programmes, to seek community based water treatment solutions, attached to handpumps
where such problems existed. This was true for iron removal and defl uoridation. However, over the next few years most of
these treatments systems became inoperative, primarily attributed to a lack of a sense of ownership by user communities,
resulting in an attitude of indifference towards the operation and maintenance of these plants. It is also possible that the
complexities of O&M by user communities, in the rural Indian socio-political context, had not been institutionally understood.
Since 1990s there has been an increasing trend to seek household based water quality treatment solution within rural
drinking water supply programmes in India. This paper summarises the experiences of UNICEF in India in tackling the
problem of high fl uoride content in rural drinking water supply sources, using household-based defl uoridation fi lter using
activated alumina. Since 1991, UNICEF supported the research work for development of the technology by the Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur. This resulted in pilot projects on Domestic Defl uoridation
Units in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan during 1996-2002. Gradually a demand for these fi lters has grown
and the private sector is gradually becoming interested. Perhaps this approach, addressing households specifi cally rather
than the nebulous "community" in general, is ensuring the use of safer water to a greater degree.


Mary Ann Langhorne married Thomas Chapman, teacher, in London on 1 January 1821, and sailed to Van Dieman's Land on the "Britomart" in October 1821. Chapman was granted land at Macquarie River, but his wife left him and the bushranger, Brady and his gang, robbed him so he leased his land to his neighbour William D. Kelman and in 1826 went to Sydney where he worked in warehouses. On his wife's reported death he married again and visited England where his second wife died. He married a third time and again visited England where he claimed the annuity left to his first wife by the will of her aunt Lydia Hooley.
- Private Deposit C.2


Through analysis of the reasons caused the shrinkage cracks,temperature cracks and stability cracks in mass concrete the major causes of temperature stress and shrinkage of concrete of all kinds of cracks are summarized,at the same time from two aspects,design and construction practical prevention and treatment measures are proposed in order to deal with cracking problems of mass concrete.