The chemical oxygen demand in Seawater is an organic contaminant synthetical indicator,and one of the most important ocean environment monitoring items.At present,the marine pollution in our country is serious day by day,COD measurement method can not meet demand.It is imperative to research the quick-automatic-analyzer in-situ.On the support of national 863 project,The Seawater chemical oxygen demand analyzer has been studied successfully by ozone oxidation chemiluminescence.Based on experimentation data,the analyzer will be potential for the marine environmental monitoring in the future.


In the present global scenario, which witnesses extreme climate change amounting to frequent vagaries of weather, the need for agro-met advisory services becomes noteworthy. In this digital era, ICT off ers enormous potential to disseminate agro-met information and is being used by various stakeholders to cater the needs for information by the farmers. The study was conducted during the year 2021 with 100 benefi ciaries of ICT-based agromet advisory services furnished by KVK, government departments and various NGOs in Darrang district of Assam to assess its eff ectiveness. The eff ectiveness was measured using fi ve dimensions. Nearly 3/4th (74%) of farmers in the study area perceived the information to be timely. In terms of quality, utility, ease of understanding and satisfaction, majority of the respondents considered it to be of moderate level. The radar chart presented using normalized values of diff erent components of eff ectiveness depicts that ease of understanding contributes most to the eff ective use of the services. Relational analysis through multivariate regression found that Experience of farming signifi cant at 10% level. Variables Education and ICT tools used were signifi cant at 5% level. R2 (Coeffi cient of determination) value being 0.556, it was concluded that 55.6% of variance in the dependent variable i.e., eff ectiveness of agro-met advisory services was due to explained factors. Hence while selecting the benefi ciaries for agro-met advisory services, factors like higher experience in farming, higher level of education and use of ICT tools may be considered to increase the eff ective use of these services.


This study identifies the key destination attributes building destination image from natural heritage perspective of the various resources which could...


The effect of NaCl as an extinguishing agent on metal dust fires require further exploration. This paper reports the results of an experimental study on the performance of micron-sized NaCl powders on hybrid aluminum–methane–air flames. NaCl particles with sub-10 μm sizes were newly fabricated via a simple solution/anti-solvent method. The combustion characteristics of aluminum combustion in a methane-air flame were investigated prior to the particle inhibition study to verify the critical aluminum concentration that enables conical aluminum-powder flame formation. To study the inhibition effectiveness, the laminar burning velocity was measured for the established aluminum–methane–air flames with the added NaCl using a modified nozzle burner over a range of dust concentrations. The results were also compared to flames with quartz sand and SiC particles. It is shown that the inhibition performance of NaCl considerably outperformed the sand and SiC particles by more rapidly decreasing the burning velocity. The improved performance can be attributed to contributions from both dilution and thermal effects. In addition, the dynamic behavior of the NaCl particles in the laminar aluminum–methane–air flame was investigated based on experimental observations. The experimental data provided quantified the capabilities of NaCl for metal fire suppression on a fundamental level.


This literature review will examine the connection between knowledge management and KM systems with organizational intellectual capital and property. Organizations are collecting, storing, and manipulating knowledge to accomplish their assigned tasks on a daily basis. Organizations can also examine this knowledge as being intellectual capital. This paper reviews the concepts of knowledge serving as intellectual capital, security and approaches toward estimating the value of the capital, and provides a perspective of the current literature. Through the analysis, common themes were identified across three categories including Cultural, Enterprise, and Information Infrastructure which contribute to the understanding of how knowledge management systems impact organizational structures. Further studies are needed to provide guidance on identifying which knowledge can be established as intellectual capital and how to estimate value of such knowledge.


Recently,in order to extend school scale and to comform to the standard of undergraduate teaching work,new-built local colleges construct new campus one after another.Fox example taking the construction of new campus of Quanzhou Normal University,analysing main characteristics of capital construction in new campus of colleges,in view of existing problems of the construction in new collegiate campus and combining the reality,the article puts forward solving train of thought and countermeasures.


The relationship between domain-specific nonintellective variables and academic achievement among nontraditional students was explored to address uninvestigated factors and clarify distinctions between nontraditional and traditional student achievement. College students (nontraditional n = 72, traditional n = 67) completed an online survey pertaining to personality, motivational, and self-regulatory variables. Among nontraditional students, motivation, self-efficacy, and need for cognition were most closely related to GPA. Across the three research domains, motivation variables were the strongest correlates of GPA for both student types. The variables investigated in this study were better predictors and stronger correlates of traditional student GPA than nontraditional student GPA. Future research into nontraditional student achievement should include consideration of a more nuanced definition of "nontraditional student" as well as further investigation into two research domains, learning strategies and psychosocial contextual influences, which may be more relevant to their academic careers. Key words: nontraditional students, nonintellective variables, academic achievement, grade point average (GPA), motivational factors, personality Institutions of higher education have seen dramatic increases in the proportion of nontraditional students over the past few decades (Newbold, Mehta, & Forbus, 2010; Tilley, 2014). Prior research suggests this demographic shift has broad manifestations inasmuch as nearly three quarters of college students have at least some nontraditional characteristics (Horn, 1996; Wlodkowski, 2003). Nontraditional students are becoming increasingly visible at institutions of higher education and this trend does not appear to be slowing (Bye, Pushkar, & Conway, 2007). These demographic shifts have led to research efforts aimed at a more thorough understanding of nontraditional students, the obstacles they encounter, and factors related to their academic performance. According to Tilley (2014) and Bennet, Evans, and Reidle (2007), for research purposes nontraditional students are primarily distinguished from traditional students by age (most commonly, greater than 25 years old). Research into non-traditional student academic performance has explored many factors relevant to achievement, including time management, stress, coping strategies (Forbus, Newbold, & Mehta, 2010), motivation, interest in academic material, positive affect (Bye et al., 2007), role conflict due to work and family obligations (Richards, 2008), access to financial resources (Hart, 2003), and academic anxiety (Rico, Beal, & Davis, 2010). Giancola, Giancola, and Borchert (2009) and Tones, Fraser, Edler, and White (2009) noted that nontraditional students typically experience greater levels of stress than traditional students, likely related to greater nonacademic demands (e.g., financial concerns, family and work obligations). Much of this prior research involves investigating the relevance of findings generated in studies of traditional students to nontraditional student samples. Correlational strength and predictive power of personality variables with nontraditional student grade point average (GPA; commonly used as an indicator of academic achievement) have been studied repeatedly and revealed trends that differentiate nontraditional students from their younger counterparts (Tilley, 2014). However, given the consistent intercorrelations between many of these variables (Richardson, Abraham, & Bond, 2012), determining the relevance of broad categories of variables to nontraditional student GPA in addition to personality variables may be more useful for programs aimed at adult learner academic success. Richardson et al. (2012), in a meta-analysis of research on academic performance, contend that there are two broad categories of variables investigated in prior research: intellective and nonintellective. …


The recent nonempirical semilocal exchange functional of Armiento and Kummel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 036402 (2013)], AK13, incorporates a number of features reproduced by higher-order theory. The AK ...


Oregon statutes and case law authorize the juvenile court to review DHS decisions in dependency cases to protect the best interests of children and the rights of their parents. As the statutes have been amended over the last 20 years, the legislature has given increasing authority to juvenile courts to determine the permanent plans for children and, in some cases, their placement and what services must be provided to them and their parents. Courts exercising this authority must give appropriate deference to agency decisions to permit the agency to manage its budget effectively and carry out its statutory duties


The relationship between the freshness and elasticity of fish was described by ways of partial least square. The equation between them was obtained and it was remarkable by F tests.


OF THESE THREE STUDIES OF STALIN'S RUSSIA AT THE height of the Great Terror, Igal Halfin's is the least successful. Halfin asks himself 'why should violence take a qualitative leap with each revolutionary anniversary?' Answering that question with the statement that violence was used in Soviet Russia to propel the revolution forward, he suggests that 'the explanation for the death toll [of the purges should be sought] in communist discourse itself' (p. 16). It is, therefore, the language of the purges that he chooses to explore, using as his evidence base the records of the communist cell at the Leningrad Communist University. For Halfin, 'no algorithm can tell us how the victims of the Great Purge were chosen' (p. 7). However, that does not mean that the phenomenon cannot be understood: 'the randomness of the Great Purge, its terrible capriciousness, does not make this phenomenon mystical; if anything, the purge was hyper-rational, a result of ironclad resolve to enfold all reality into the communist order' (p. 8). Inspired by the notion that in the second half of the 1930s 'the Stalinist leadership decided to consolidate its victories by changing the human mind itself' (p. 24), Halfin explores the impact of the purges on the careers of several leading figures from the Communist University and the language they used in their encounters with the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD). Halfin's focus on language prompts him to suggest that 'examining the form of these confessions, their language and style, will unlock the symbolic presuppositions that EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES Vol. 63, No. 5, July 2011, 891–896


With regard to the thermalization problem in isolated quantum systems, we investigate the dynamics following a quantum quench of the sine-Gordon model (sGM) in the Luther–Emery and the semiclassical limits. We consider the quench from the gapped to the gapless phase, as well as the reverse one. By obtaining analytic expressions for the one- and two-point correlation functions of the order parameter operator at zero-temperature, the manifestations of integrability in the absence of thermalization in the sGM are studied. It is shown that correlations in the long-time regime after the quench are well described by a generalized Gibbs ensemble. We also consider the case where the system is initially in contact with a reservoir at finite temperature. The possible relevance of our results to current and future experiments with ultracold atomic systems is also considered.


Pervious concrete is considered to be a sustainable pavement material due to high water permeability. The experiment presented in this paper was aimed at study the influence of water to cement ratio on both the compressive and splitting tensile strength of pervious concrete. Typically, less water content in concrete mixture leads to less porosity of cement paste and thus it provides desirable mechanical properties. In case of conventional dense concrete, the lower is the water to cement ratio, the higher or better is the strength, density and durability of concrete. This behaviour is not quite clear in case of pervious concrete because of low amount of cement paste present. Results of compressive and splitting tensile strength of pervious concrete are discussed in the paper while taking into account values measured after 2 and 28 days of hardening and variations in water to cement ratio. The results showed that changes of water to cement ratio from 0.25 to 0.35 caused only slight differences in strength characteristics, and this applied to both types of tested strength.


The effects of the In content of InSbTe films with various stoichiometries (Sb2Te2.7, In0.5Sb2Te2.9, and In2.6Sb2Te2.9) on phase change characteristics were investigated. With increasing incorporation of In atoms into Sb2Te3, various crystalline phases, i.e., In2Te3, Sb, and In3SbTe2, were observed due to the bond energy between the constituent atoms, while only Sb2Te3 and the Sb2Te2 phases were observed in the case of Sb2Te2.7 and In0.5Sb2Te2.9 films. In addition, the shifts in binding energy of the Sb 3d and In 3d peaks in x-ray photoelectron spectra after the annealing treatment were directly related to the amount of incorporated In. The observed changes in electronic structure suggest that the changes in electrical conductivity and crystalline phase are directly related to the extent of In incorporation.


Pharmaceutical interventions for hearing loss (PIHL) have many biological and physiological targets, highly variable study designs, incomparable outcomes, and no Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug after more than three decades of research. This project seeks to create the platforms and tools for scientific progress in this field with a novel model of translational research management. This effort includes a systematic review of PIHL studies to understand the key elements of study methods being employed across this field. A stakeholders group was developed to identify research barriers, determine prioritized issues to address, and provide expertise and consensus for the development of evidence-based Best Research Practices (BRPs). Using PIHL literature obtained through standardized systematic review search methods, this effort identified, characterized, evaluated and correlated the methodological variables across the full translational scope of PIHL studies, from animal to human species. Publications from original reports of pre-clinical animal or human studies of interventions


Despite numerous anecdotal reports, very few Australian data are available concerning the characteristics of foster carers and the problems associated with foster caring. In this study by Paul Delfabbro, John Taplin and Yvonne Bentham, 48 South Australian foster carers were interviewed and asked to provide details of their motivations, family structure and concerns. The results showed that intrinsic factors such as being interested in children's well-being and future appear to be more likely reasons for caring than more extrinsic factors such as needing money or companionship. The carers' main concerns related to their frustration with the foster care system, in particular their inability to have a say in the child's future, and the lack of support from agencies and social workers. Many also expressed significant concerns about children's behaviour and the sadness associated with the child leaving. The implications of these findings for the retention of foster carers are discussed.


Laser irradiation using a Nd3+:YAG laser (532 nm, 8 ns, 10 Hz) on an ethanol suspension of micrometer-sized pentacene crystals induced absorption spectral changes in the solution, as a result of the formation of pentacene nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were platelike crystals. The nanoparticles formed by irradiation with a fluence of 50 mJ/cm2 for 30 min were 4–13 nm in height and 10–70 nm in width. The threshold laser fluence for the formation was determined to be ca. 20 mJ/cm2, and irradiation with fluences above 80 mJ/cm2 induced the decomposition of the pentacene nanoparticles. The nanoparticle size decreased with an increase in the laser fluence, which was reflected in the longest-wavelength peak position of the absorption bands of the pentacene nanoparticles. On the basis of these results, the mechanism of pentacene nanoparticle formation by laser irradiation is discussed in connection with those of vanadyl phthalocyanine and quinacridone systems reported by Masuhara and coworkers [J. Phys. Chem. A 106 (2002) 2135; Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 (2003) 2725; Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45 (2006) 384].


The adult motor cortex is topographically organized into representations (maps) of different body parts (Fritsch & Hitzig, 1870; Ferrier, 1873). Recent evidence, however suggests a movement-based, rather than, muscle-based cortical motor organization (Graziano et al., 2002; Brown & Teskey, 2014). In the adult rat, four specialized multi-joint forelimb movements have been consistently evoked using long-duration intracortical microstimulation (LD-ICMS; limb elevation, advancement, grasping, and retraction) that are thought to recapitulate components of the basic walking and reaching experiment characterized the behavioural and cortical development of these four movement categories in Long-Evans hooded rats and how skilled reach training could affect forelimb development. This study was the first to find that LD-ICMS evoked single-joint movements developed before multi-joint movements within the neocortex. In addition, the forelimb behavioural capacity of the rat predated the emergence of LD-ICMS-evoked forelimb responses indicating that subcortical structures might be mediating behaviour. Moreover, this study revealed for the first time that grasp movements were not restricted to the " grasp region " at early stages of development, suggesting that the motor cortex underwent large cortical changes as the rat developed, leaving a refined grasp region in adulthood. Finally, after skilled reach training, the LD-ICMS motor map of the hemisphere contralateral to the skilled reach trained forelimb contained more grasp movements than the ipsilateral hemisphere, which is not observed in adult rats (Ramanathan et al., 2006; Brown & Teskey, 2014). This novel finding revealed that rat motor maps might be more plastic throughout development than in iii adulthood. It is important to understand how forelimb movements develop within the cortex in order to begin finding solutions for when these areas become damaged, such as during a stroke. iv Acknowledgements


The problem of producing fire-proofing OSB with Chinese fir from South of China is studied.The experiment results show that the characteristics of fire-proofing OSB from thinning timber of Chinese fir are satisfied with some domestic technical standards and abroad.


The former municipal landfill site at Ferry Road is located between the Rivers Ely and Taff close to Cardiff Bay and is within the 1,100 hectares of largely derelict land designated for re-development under the remit of Cardiff Bay Development Corporation (CBDC). Engineering works have been carried out to allow development of areas on and immediately adjacent to the former municipal tip. These works, carried out in 1995, have included the re-location of deposits of refuse and contaminated soils onto an area of the tip re-activiated under the terms of a Waste Management Licence. The design aspects of the landfill management for the reactivated tip, with particular reference to the proposed measures to control leachate, are described in this paper. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 898792.


Layered γ‐type iron oxyhydroxide (γ‐FeOOH) is a promising material for various applications; however, its sheet‐shaped structure often suffers from instability that results in aggregation and leads to inferior performance. Herein, a kinetically controlled hydrolysis strategy is proposed for the scalable synthesis of γ‐FeOOH nanosheets arrays (NAs) with enhanced structural stability on diverse substrates at ambient conditions. The underlying mechanisms for the growth of γ‐FeOOH NAs associated with their structural evolution are systematically elucidated by alkalinity‐controlled synthesis and time‐dependent experiments. As a proof‐of‐concept application, γ‐FeOOH NAs are developed as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), where the sample grown on nickel foam (NF) exhibits superior performance of high catalytic current density, small Tafel slope, and exceptional durability, which is among the top level of FeOOH‐based electrocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations suggest that γ‐NiOOH in situ generated from the electrooxidation of NF would induce charge accumulation on the Fe sites of γ‐FeOOH NAs, leading to enhanced OER intermediates adsorption for water splitting. This work affords a new technique to rationally design and synthesize γ‐FeOOH NAs for various applications.


Landscape changes due to urban expansion may severely influence urban biodiversity through direct and indirect effects. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the urban expansion effects on species diversity is essential for conservation biologists, urban planners, and policymakers to help design more practical and effective conservation strategies. Here, based on monthly bird survey data of 12 university campuses distributed in the center and the Xianlin university town of Nanjing city, we first compared the differences of the campuses bird species richness, Shannon-Wiener, and Simpson indices. Then, we analyzed the effects of a variety of landscape attributes on the campuses bird species richness. Unlike other studies, we also constructed a 2 km buffer area surrounding each campus and analyzed the effects of the landscape attributes of the buffer area on species richness. We found that bird species richness was higher in the campus of Xianlin compared to those in the center. Landscape attributes played an important role on bird species richness, especially for the determinants in the buffer area. Specifically, species richness, Shannon-Wiener, and Simpson indices increased with the increasing area of water and green space both within the campus and the buffer area. Not surprisingly, bird species richness and diversity were more affected by fragmentation of the buffer area, increasing with the aggregation index and decreasing with the splitting index. Our study emphasized that landscape attributes of both campuses and buffer areas determined bird species richness and diversity, offering several practical implications for urban biodiversity maintenance and eco-friendly urban planning.


We study theoretically the propagation of a wave packet that is a superposition of three s-polarized guided waves with different frequencies in a planar waveguide consisting of a dielectric medium with a graded index of refraction, sandwiched between perfectly conducting walls. The electric field at each point within the waveguide is calculated, and it is shown that each of the constituent modes ceases to propagate at a specific distance along the waveguide that depends on its frequency and on the geometrical and material parameters defining the waveguide. This simple model displays the phenomenon of rainbow trapping of guided waves in an explicit fashion, without the use of a negative index metamaterial.


The material model proposed in Part I (Neupane , 2012, "Modeling the Deformation Response of High Strength Steel Pipelines—Part I: Material Characterization to Model the Plastic Anisotropy," ASME J. Appl. Mech., 79 , p. 051002) is used to study the deformation response of high strength steel. The response of pipes subjected to frost upheaval at a particular point is studied using an assembly of pipe elements, while buckling of pipes is examined using shell elements. The deformation response is obtained using two different material models. The two different material models used were the isotropic hardening material model and the combined kinematic hardening material model. Two sets of material stress-strain data were used for the isotropic hardening material model; data obtained from the longitudinal direction tests and data obtained from the circumferential direction tests. The combined kinematic hardening material model was calibrated to provide an accurate prediction of the stress-strain behavior in both the longitudinal direction and the circumferential direction. The deformation response of a pipe model using the three different material data sets was studied. The sensitivity of the response of pipelines to the choice of a material model and the material data set is studied for the frost upheaval and local buckling.


ANSYS is a powerful numerical simulation tool for analyzing a structure and calculating its stresses and deformations. It comes handy in the static and dynamic analysis of Bangalore underground metro tunnels. In this paper, the influences of various static loads and in-situ stresses on underground Bangalore metro tunnel are analyzed along with the respective images. Similarly, 30kg TNT blast effect on the entrance of one of the twin tunnel with lining is also analyzed. All these analyses are performed using elasto-plastic analysis after proper validation of the software for the same using references and the results are tabulated. Keywords—underground metro tunnel; ANSYS; numerical simulation; blasting effects; static analysis


The aim of our research is to enable spontaneous and efficient spatial reference to objects in human-robot interaction situations. This paper presents the iterative, empirically based design of a robotic system that uses a computational model for identifying objects on the basis of a range of spatial reference systems. The efficiency of the system is evaluated by two successive empirical studies involving uninformed users. The linguistic analysis points to the striking variability in speakers' spontaneous strategies and preferences, and it motivates a number of modifications of the computational model.


Narrow-band H-alpha CCD images showing ionized gas in organized kiloparsec-scale structures in three galaxies with low-level active nuclei are presented. The edge-on spiral NGC 3079 contains an apparent loop structure which corresponds to previously reported nonthermal radio emission along the minor axis. The optical emission probably results from interaction between the ejected plasma and the ISM in the disk and halo. The S0 galaxy NGC 3998 exhibits an S-shaped structure centered on the nucleus, with no other evidence for spiral structure. In the spiral galaxy NGC 4258, the presence of continuum-free emission-line arms which coincide with the nonthermal radio arms is confirmed. The morphology of the arms suggests the presence of two double-sided jets which braid or wrap around one another and which bifurcate on both sides. It is concluded that the optical and radio emission in NGC 3079 and in NGC 4258 are related, and it is suggested that both are powered by a plasma which flows from the active nucleus and dissipates kinetic energy in the surrounding ISM. 50 references.


Cu-based lead-free solid self-lubricating materials were prepared by powder metallurgy loose sintering technique.The sintering behavior of WS2 in Cu-based lead-free solid self-lubricating materials during sintering process was systematically studied through X-ray diffraction,energy diffraction spectrum(EDS) and thermodynamic calculation.Meantime,the effect of the content(mass fraction) of WS2 on the microstructure,porosity and hardness of the materials was addressed.The results show that WS2 doesn't react with the protective atmosphere H2,but there is chemical driving force to form the new phases such as metal sulfides and W between WS2 and matrix at high sintering temperature;with the increasing of WS2 content,the porosity of the initial sintered materials increases gradually,the hardness decreases significantly.However,after the finish rolling and re-sintering,the porosity of the material reduces effectively,the hardness improves obviously due to the grain strengthening effect of the hard phase W.


A magnetic recording medium is formed of a non-magnetic base and a magnetic layer coated thereon and which contains magnetizable particles dispersed in resinous binder and, as a lubricating agent, a 2-ethylhexanoic acid ester of a saturated alcohol having 12 to 20 carbon atoms.


The authors present a straightforward and effective approach for minimizing insertion loss (IL) of varactor-based frequency-agile microstrip passive circuits, where varactors are employed as elements of variable reversal capacitances to attain reconfigurabiltiy/tunability on circuit characteristics. Technically, the proposed approach mimics the required capacitances using the varactors together with the SMD capacitors/inductors rather than entirely using the varactors. With the proposed capacitance synthesis, the varactors are able to operate at a higher quality factor so that IL of the entire circuit is minimized. Also, the capacitance tuning range is further extended. With the proposed loss-reduction avenue, the circuit agility could be enhanced, and its effectiveness is experimentally demonstrated with agility enhancement of a reconfigurable bandpass filter (BPF) and a reconfigurable balun BPF.


ABSTRACT This article examines the background in which enterprises called free schools, as well as complementary educational activities, have taken root in Chile. Two kinds of recently burgeoning free schools are identified; one supplementing regular schooling with a social justice focus, and another that is a fully fledged alternative to other schooling. The history of freedom itself in Chile is explored from a historical perspective, contrasting somewhat with freedom as it is understood in more developed countries. Parallels to Anglophone free schools such as AS Neill's Summerhill are also discussed, as well as the sociopolitical context in which Chilean free schools continue to develop.


A highly efficient, lookup table-based, renormalization method is proposed, which can be used by any binary arithmetic coder with the follow-on procedure. It replaces the time-consuming branching operations in the renormalization process with table lookups and some simple bit-wise operations. We show that the proposed method is much faster than the one used by the M coder in the CABAC entropy coding scheme of the H.264 video coding standard. Our method requires much less memory than the previously known, table-based quasi-coder.


.............................................................................................................................. ii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... xii List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... xiv List of Appendices ................................................................................................................ xv Attestation of Authorship ................................................................................................. xvi Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... xvii Chapter


The aim of this study was to portray the Syntactic Object representation of Amharic sentences by function. Qualitative data were gathered from thirteen native speakers of Awgni (six females, seven males). Relevant data were also collected as of secondary sources. All the way through purposive sampling, 25 sentences were selected for descriptive analysis. The method of data analysis used was Labeling Algorithm {XP, YP}. This Algorism is problematic; in order to resolve {XP, YP} difficulty projection, Syntactic Object was modified (by raising XP) so that there was one visible verbal head. Result indicated that each sentence structures share Syntactic Object representations that include Tense Phrases (TPs), Noun Phrases (NPs), Verb Phrases (VPs), Prepositional phrases (PPs), Adverb Phrases (ADVPs), Determiner Phrase (DPs) and Adjectival Phrases (APs). Finally, the study puts forward a further research on how labeling Algorithm {XP, H} and {X, Y} works to describe the label of every Syntactic Object representations found within sentence structures in Amharic.


The subject of this study was discrimination against competent women when women are interacting with men. One hundred forty-five psychology students were given the task of making quick and accurate judgments of a freshman's success in college. They were given information about high school grades, aptitudetest scores, and size of high school class. Based on this information, they predicted whether the student would (1) graduate, (2) graduate with difficulty, (3) graduate with honors, or (4) not graduate. First the students completed the task alone, then were compared in groups of three-or what they were told were groups of three. Actually, each student was run either singly or with one other real subject and a subject simulated by the experimenter. There were three conditions. In one, the competitive condition, the student gained by being faster and more accurate than others in his/her group. In the cooperative condition, the three students were instructed to obtain as high a group score as possible. In the observer condition, women were told they would participate in the second half-the group task-only, and would warm-up and practice for the individual portion. While they responded to questions, it was clear to them that their responses were not recorded.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the vacuum-assisted stereotactic core needle biopsy (CNB) for breast lesions.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
Sixty-four lesions that had undergone vacuum-assisted stereotactic CNB between January 2003 and December 2005 in Ramathibodi Breast diagnostic center were included in this study. Pathologic results of CNB were reviewed and correlated with pathologic results of subsequent open surgery. For benign lesions without surgery, the authors correlated the result of CNB with stability of the lesion at or more than 2-year interval follow-up. Agreement rate, high-risk under estimate rate, Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) underestimate rate, false negative rate, and sensitivity were accessed

RESULTS
The pathologic results for the CNB were malignancy in 20%, high-risk in 13%, and benign in 67%. The agreement rate was 93.8% (60 of 64). The under estimate rate for atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) was 50% (3 of 6). There was no underestimate for DCIS in the present study. Of 43 benign lesions, malignancy was found at subsequent open surgery in one lesion and false negative rate was 6%. Calculated sensitivity was 96%.

CONCLUSION
Vacuum-assisted CNB is an accurate method for evaluating breast lesions. This procedure is an alternative to surgical excision for lesion assessments.


Objective To survey the sterilization conditions of the private medical services in Huizhou city and to find out the possible malpractice. Method According to the 《Sterilization Skill Rules》, disposable medical instruments,using of disinfectant and the sterilization of the surfaces of objects in the clinic were monitored in the Huichen district and Dayawan district of Huizhou city from 2000 to 2002. Results 2 374 cases were studied during these three years. Overall 88 75%of the studied cases passed the sterilization standard. The passing rates of these three years were 82 19%, 90 49%and 90 57%.The passing rates of disposable medical instruments, using of disinfectant and the surface sterilization of the objects were 99 12%, 90 04%and 80 39%respectively. Conclusion Implementation of the regular monitoring of the sterilization conditions of the private medical services is necessary for the improvement of the sterilization standard.


Terrorism/Insurgency and other forms of Militancy or armed conflict have posed a serious threat to the wellbeing of human race especially children in recent time both in Africa and other parts of the world. This study examined the impact of terrorism or Insurgency on the welfare of the African child using the activities of the Boko Haram sect in Nigeria as a reference point. Cross sectional survey research design was employed and data collected using structured questionnaire which was administered to 180 respondents of different occupational ladder in the three states (Benue, Enugu and Edo) of Nigeria which were randomly chosen. The study was anchored on two theories; the multi-factoral theory of social change and Differential opportunity theory. Findings emanating from the study showed that Boko Haram in Nigeria is a product of Norther political elites and sponsorship from foreign terrorist organizations to propagate Islamic religion. Respondents view also revealed that children are the first destabilized victim during insurgency. Finally, some recommendations were made which if implemented will see to the final burial of this cankerworm in Nigeria .


A wave solution for field equations corresponding to non-linear lagrangians must be found in order to calculate the radiative quantum corrections in electron mass conditioned by the interaction of quiescent electrons with photons and electron-positron backgrounds. However, the above condition cannot be fulfilled due to mathematical difficulties; consequently, an attempt is made to find an approximate, preliminary estimate of the magnitude of the raliative quantum corrections. (R.V.J.)


A methodology is proposed to improve the fidelity of survivability and vulnerability analyses so tha t crew casualty risks can be assessed and the aircraft survivability can be more accurately determined. The evaluation of personnel casualties is beyond the scope of most current aircraft survivability analyses; existing methodologies consider only immedia te vulnerabilities of critical crewmembers, primarily in the context of loss of aircraft or loss of mission capabilities. Programs also typically consider survivability only in or just beyond the threat area; risks related to airborne egress or abnormal ai rcraft recovery events are not considered. The analyses can be expanded to encompass both of these issues, the limitations being those of available data to provide a statistical foundation. This, however, only further emphasizes the need for careful and th orough uncertainty assessments based on analysis assumptions, both to identify the main factors driving the survivability as well as those that affect the validity of the analysis. This effort should be a significant part of current survivability evaluatio ns. The methodology is explained and the benefits and analysis issues are discussed.


This paper investigates the machinability of Selective Laser Melted 17-4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel (17-4 PH SS). For this purpose, turning tests were carried out on wrought and SLM specimens and the results were compared. Wear tool, surface roughness, surface integrity and chip morphology were analyzed for both materials. For the tested cutting conditions, the machinability of the SLM material was inferior to that of the commercial material. Dissimilarities in machinability between both materials are a consequence of variations in their microstructures resulting from the manufacturing process.


Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Adobe Photoshop Staff, Filter Forge, Thomas Knoll, National Association of Photoshop Professionals, Harry's Filters, Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Preset. Not illustrated. Excerpt: Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems. Adobe's 2003 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS (Photoshop 7 was the final version which ran on the Windows 98 platform). Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS5 is the 12th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. There are two versions of Photoshop: Basic and Extended, with Extended having extra features available. Adobe Photoshop Extended is included in all of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings but Design Standard, which has the Basic version. In 1987, Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light


In organizations, green creativity of the employees is an essential part of implementing sustainable development. Our research proposed that workplace status has a significant impact on green creativity. Through an empirical study, we came to the conclusion that an increase in workplace status can lead to green creativity and prosocial motivation mediates the process. Since workplace status promotes the attention for group interests, employees will evaluate their self-worth considering the sustainable development of the environment. Based on the analysis framework of moderated mediation model, this study indicated that organization identification had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between workplace status and green creativity, and it is the boundary condition for workplace status to be effective.


AIM To study the expression of collagen Ⅰ, Ⅱ and alkaline phosphatase in osteogenesis induced by rhBMP 2 enhanced by TGF β. METHODS 110 BALB/c mice were divided into two groups at random, 55 in each group. Mice receiving rhBMP 2/TGF β served as the experimental and those receiving rhBMP 2 served as the control. In order to investigate the expression of collagen Ⅰ, Ⅱ and alkaline phosphatase in osteogenesis induced by rhBMP 2/TGF β and rhBMP 2, immunohistochemistry analysis was performed 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 17 and 21 days after the implantation. Meanwhile, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured 7, 14 and 21 days after the implantation. RESULTS The appearance of type Ⅱ collagen was accompanied by that of chondroblasts and chondrocytes, but hypertrophic and degenerative chondrocytes could not express type Ⅱ collagen. Type Ⅰ collagen and ALP, osteoblast differentiation markers, were expressed at the early stage of chondrogenesis. However, with the appearance of osteoblasts and osteogenesis, type I collagen was still expressed at higher level but ALP decreased gradually. Expression of collagen Ⅰ, Ⅱ and alkaline phosphatase in the experimental was prior to that in the control. CONCLUSION TGF β enhances the expression of collagen Ⅰ, Ⅱ and alkaline phosphatase in osteogenesis induced by rhBMP 2.


Background: Subclinical hyperthyroidism is a condition in which thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is mildly decreased with both free iodine thyroxine (free T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) within the normal range. The aim of this research is to determine the association between TSH with lipid profiles, age, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) and also to evaluate lipid profiles in subclinical hyperthyroid patients.
Materials and Methods: Ninety patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism were chosen as the patient group and 50 healthy individuals age-matched were chosen as the control group. Thyroid function tests TSH, T4 and T3 were performed by VIDAS and on the same day lipid profiles were performed by (Biolis 24i Premium) in the laboratory of General Zakho Hospital, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Results: In subclinical hyperthyroidism the BMI and diastolic blood pressure values were non-significantly low (P=0.13 and p=0.27 respectively) whereas systolic blood pressure increased slightly but was still non-significant. TSH was significantly and negatively related to systolic blood pressure.
Conclusion: Lipid profiles and systolic and diastolic blood pressure are not altered in subclinical hyperthyroidism. However, systolic blood pressure is related to the severity of the decrease in TSH levels.


In this paper the technical solution for design the MW-SW-VHF travelling-wave antennas with high energetic characteristics is described. Solution is based on method of partial compensation the so-called back waves. The paper also provides theoretical and experimental data for antennas containing 3 discrete sections of K-type filters in 160-300 kHz frequency regions.


The invention relates to a comprehensive water chilling unit based on evaporation cooling and vapor compression, which relates to a comprehensive water chilling unit by utilization of evaporation cooling refrigeration and vapor compression refrigeration. The comprehensive water chilling unit comprises a chilled water part, a cooling water part and an air part, wherein the chilled water part is to realize switching between a vapor compression water chilling unit (1) and a high-efficiency heat exchanger (2) through a valve set consisting of a third solenoid valve (11), a fourth solenoid valve (12), a fifth solenoid valve (13) and a sixth solenoid valve (14). The comprehensive water chilling unit based on evaporation cooling and vapor compression solves the cooling problem of a large building provided with a large internal heat source in transition seasons, realizes free supply of the cooling capacity of the building in the transition seasons by utilization of evaporation cooling, reduces the energy consumption of a water chilling unit of an air-conditioning system, realizes energy saving of the air-conditioning system of the building, and simultaneously has the advantages of simple structure, low investment, convenient modification of the prior air-conditioning system of the building, etc.


This paper presents a numerical method to simulate electrocardiographic signals, in particular cardiac arrhythmias, based upon a linear model which offers a great flexibility in the hardware and software implementation using a CMOS micro- processor. In addition, all inherent paramem of different waves in an electrocardiogram (ECG), such as amplitude, slope, duration and overall frequency could be interactively modified by software through external controls. The linear model of an electrocardiographic signal (ECG), the principle of coding and the programmability will be pre- sented and analyzed. Some of experimental results obtained with the prototype will be presented. LI" Through a careful examination of standard derivations an . some frequently occurred arrhythmias, any ECG signal could be represented by a linear model which seems to be appropriate in the simulation using numerical mthod. Evidently, the fidelity of simulated signal is directly dependent to the total number of linear segments. A basic ECG signal could be successfully approxi-mated by a sequence of thirty (30) linear segments. Figure 1 presents this linear model together with different waves (P, QRS, T), different segments (PR, ST) and different intervals (PR, QRS, ST, QT). Each segment is numbered, for experimental purpose, beginning by "1" for upsloping segment of P wave and from left to right. In spite of the fact that an ECG signal is random in nature, we have considered it as a pseudo-periodical one. So that in the simulation algorithm, a series of thirty linear segments will be defined as basic period of simulated signal. In ambulatory ECG monitoring equipments, destined for individual evaluation of patient's condition or intensive care units, the input is an electrocardiographic signal which may consist of one or more cardiac derivations. The performance testing of these medical equipments is considered to be of utmost importance before evaluation in clinical environment. Therfore, these tests could be performed by means of an ECG simulator which is capable of generating a wide variety of cardiac arrhythmias in addition to conventional derivations (DI-DIII, aVL aVR aVF, Vi-V6).


This experiment was to investigate the effect of Glucose Oxidase on and serum biochemical parameters of laying hens.180 twenty-six-week-old Hyline layers were randomly allotted to 5 treatments,Laying Hens in treatments Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ received basal diets with the addition of 0,0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4% glucose oxidase.The results shows that laying hens fed the addition of 0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%glucose oxidase,compared with the control group,the egg production increased by 11.01%(P0.05),12.34%(P0.05),16.06%(P0.01),13.79%(P0.05);the broken(soft)eggshell rats decreased by 32.77%(P0.05),33.45%(P0.05),49.66%(P0.05),33.11%(P0.05);the additions of 0.3% and 0.4% glucose oxidase significantly enhance(P0.05) the feed conversion ratio.Laying hens fed the addition of 0.2%~0.4% glucose oxidase significantly increased the serum ALB,and had the trend of increasing the in serum GLO,Ca,P,AKP,GPT and GOT,and reducing the serum CHOL and TG,but the differences were not significant(P0.05).The addition of 0.4% glucose oxidase significantly reduced the levels of CK(P0.05).


A technique is described for smoothing the transition from informal to more structured diagnostic tasks among preschool children demonstrating separation anxiety or reluc-tance to interact cooperatively. Capitalizing on preschoolers' preexistent relationship with television, the procedure employs video equipment as a mediator in the establish-ment of clinical rapport and a medium through which to conduct formal evaluation.


A Free Electron Maser is being built for ECRH applications on future fusion research devices such as ITER. A unique feature of the Dutch FOM-Fusion-FEM is the possibility to tune the frequency over the entire range from 130 to 260 GHz while the output power exceeds 1 MW.


DOMICILLARY NIV IN SEVERE STABLE COPD A great deal of evidence exists supporting the use of in-hospital non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for acute exacerbations of COPD resulting in hypercapnic respiratory failure. However, the evidence is weak for the ability of long term NIV to improve outcomes in patients with stable hypercapnic COPD. This prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (Lancet Respir Med 2014. doi:10.1016/ S2213-2600(14)70153-5) enrolled patients with stable severe COPD and a PaCO2 of 7 kPa or higher and pH higher than 7.35. NIV was targeted to reduce baseline PaCO2 by at least 20%, or to achieve PaCO2 value of <6.5 kPa. Results showed a substantial improvement in the primary outcome. One-year mortality in the NIV group was 12% versus 33% in the control group; HR 0.24 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.49; p=0.0004). For patients with advanced, stable, hypercapnic COPD, the addition of long-term NIV targeted to markedly reduce hypercapnia to standard treatment, improves survival.


In interdependent work contexts, disparity is consistently described as detrimental to performance. We reason, however, that previous studies commonly neglect that individuals not only respond diff...


Adenosine is known to cause bradyarrhythmias, such as atrioventricular conduction delay [1]. Substantial evidence from laboratory animals [2] affirms that endogenous adenosine may play a mechanistic role in bradyarrhythmias associated with myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, or both. Similarly, case reports [3-9] suggest that endogenous adenosine may cause clinically significant arrhythmias in patients during acute myocardial infarction, the sick sinus syndrome, cardiac arrest, or cardiac transplant rejection. Adenosine mediates its cardiac actions through at least two cell-surface receptor subtypes, A1 and A12 [10]. The A1 receptor mediates both the negative chronotropic effects of adenosine on the sinoatrial node and the negative dromotropic effects of adenosine on the atrioventricular node. Activation of the A1 receptor also inhibits the positive inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects of catecholamines [10]. The A2 receptors that are present in endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells mediate vasodilatation [10]. In the presence of excess adenosine, these cardiac actions may become undesirable, causing bradyarrhythmias and hypotension and resulting in low cardiac output [11]. Methylxanthine derivatives, such as theophylline, antagonize the cardiac actions of adenosine in a competitive manner [12]. We previously showed that in the presence of clinically significant concentrations of adenosine in humans, theophylline reverses A1-mediated atrioventricular block more readily than it reverses A2-mediated coronary vasodilation [13]. In this report, we provide evidence to show that second- or third-degree atrioventricular block occurring as an early complication of acute inferior myocardial infarction is probably mediated by endogenous adenosine. This is shown by the fact that this atrioventricular block can be promptly converted to a normal sinus rhythm by using theophylline. Methods Patients admitted to the Gainesville Veterans Affairs Hospital with a diagnosis of acute inferior myocardial infarction were monitored for clinically significant and persistent atrioventricular conduction delay. When such a dysrhythmia was seen, the primary care physician was instructed to treat the patient with intravenous atropine according to the 1992 Emergency Cardiac Care/American Heart Association guidelines [14]. If this therapy failed to restore 1:1 atrioventricular nodal conduction and normal sinus rhythm, or if it was not used, 150 to 250 mg of theophylline were given as a slow intravenous injection at a rate of 100 mg/min. The patient's heart rhythm was monitored for recurrent arrhythmias using 2-lead cardiac telemetry for at least 24 hours. No patient had a previous history of cardiac arrhythmias, and the electrocardiogram done for each patient at study entry showed a normal sinus rhythm. Patients were treated with oral aspirin (325 mg/d), intravenous heparin, and nitroglycerin. No patient had received -blockers or calcium antagonists before the onset of the bradyarrhythmia. Results During a 6-month period, 11 men who were hospitalized with acute inferior myocardial infarction developed persistent and clinically significant atrioventricular conduction delay within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms. Eight patients either failed to respond to the initial standard treatment with atropine or were directly treated, at the discretion of the primary physician, with theophylline. No bradyarrhythmia converted to a sinus rhythm before the administration of theophylline. Six of the 8 patients had received thrombolytic therapy before the onset of the atrioventricular conduction delay. Three patients developed hemodynamically significant third-degree atrioventricular block, and 5 developed high-grade second-degree atrioventricular block (Table 1). Table 1. Patient Characteristics and Infarction-Related Atrioventricular Nodal Blockade All patients developed clinically significant atrioventricular nodal conduction delays 30 to 240 minutes (mean SD, 69 72 minutes) after the onset of myocardial infarction symptoms. All had symptoms or signs of hypoperfusion (six had dizziness; one had fatigue; five had cool, clammy skin; three had changes in mental status; and the mean systolic blood pressure was 74 13 mm Hg). Two of the three patients who developed third-degree atrioventricular block and four of the five patients who developed second-degree atrioventricular block were initially treated unsuccessfully with atropine (1 mg given intravenously). Patients received theophylline (mean dose, 218 37 mg) as a slow intravenous injection. Figure 1 shows electrocardiographic recordings from a patient with third-degree atrioventricular block who converted to normal sinus rhythm after receiving 150 mg of theophylline and who remained in normal sinus rhythm with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction for 36 hours of observation. In all patients, 1:1 atrioventricular nodal conduction and normal sinus rhythm were restored within 1.8 0.7 minutes after the injection of theophylline. In association with the resumption of sinus rhythm and 1:1 atrioventricular conduction, the mean systolic blood pressure increased from 74 13 mm Hg to 112 6 mm Hg (n = 8), and all signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion subsided after administration of theophylline. No patient had worsening of anginal pain, and three patients reported a noticeable decrease in anginal pain. Figure 1. Electrocardiographic recordings from leads II and aVF. Top. Bottom. Discussion Our findings in this uncontrolled and observational but hypothesis-driven study show that theophylline, an adenosine-receptor antagonist, can convert ischemia-related atrioventricular nodal conduction disturbances to normal sinus rhythm. Because each of the eight patients converted to 1:1 atrioventricular nodal conduction with normal sinus rhythm within 3 minutes (1.8 0.7 minutes) of the administration of theophylline, it is unlikely that the dysrhythmias resolved spontaneously. The relevance of these findings is greatly enhanced by the fact that theophylline antagonizes the negative chronotropic and dromotropic effect of adenosine in humans [13]. Additionally, in the doses administered, the primary action of theophylline is adenosine antagonism and not sympathomimetic stimulation [15]. Atropine would not be expected to potentiate the effects of theophylline. These results indicate that, under conditions in which excessive depression of cardiac function (such as bradyarrhythmia) is secondary to an increased production of adenosine by the heart, A1 adenosine-receptor antagonists may prove to be useful. Patients with acute inferior myocardial infarctions are more likely than patients with anterior-wall myocardial infarctions to develop atrioventricular block because the blood supply to the atrioventricular node is usually supplied by the right coronary artery [16]. Patients with early atrioventricular block (occurring less than 24 hours into their hospital course) are less likely to respond to atropine, more likely to require temporary pacing, and more likely to have a morbid or mortal event than are similar patients who develop late atrioventricular block (occurring more than 24 hours into their hospital course) [17]. Because of the poor prognosis associated with early atrioventricular block and the ineffectiveness of the current therapy for it, the efficacy of alternative therapies, such as A1 1 adenosine-receptor antagonists, should be investigated. Our results are the first to suggest that theophylline can be used as primary or rescue therapy for early bradyarrhythmias associated with myocardial infarction. One of the limitations of our study is that the administration of theophylline was neither blinded nor directly compared with other standard therapy. Another is that the number of patients studied was relatively small. Nevertheless, our results provide strong circumstantial evidence to show that theophylline is useful in bradyarrhythmias related to myocardial infarction, and they provide the rationale for future evaluation of the role that endogenous adenosine plays in ischemia-related rhythm disturbances. In conclusion, adenosine produced by the ischemic myocardium may induce significant atrioventricular blockade. These arrhythmiaswhich may be resistant to conventional therapy, such as atropineappear to respond to the adenosine antagonist theophylline. In light of present and previous observations, theophylline can be considered as an alternative when standard front-line antiarrhythmic therapy has failed. By promptly converting dysrhythmia to normal sinus rhythm, theophylline may make invasive and risky procedures, such as temporary pacemaker placement, unnecessary. A1 adenosine-receptor antagonists more potent, specific, and selective than theophylline may prove to be valuable in the short- and long-term management of cardiac arrhythmias associated with excess endogenous adenosine production. @copy; 1995 American College of Physicians


This paper presents Bouc-Wen hysteresis modelling and tracking control of piezoelectric stack APA120S. The actuator is used to control a microgripper. A modified Bouc-Wen non-symmetric model is applied to study the behaviour of the system in static and dynamic state. The good agreement between predicted and measured curve showed that the Bouc-Wen model is an effective mean for modelling the hysteresis of piezoelectric actuator system. Subsequently, the inverse Bouc-Wen model is formulated and applied to cancel the non-linear hysteresis. In perspective of a control design, it is desirable to linearize the non-linear Bouc-Wen model to produce a static system. Finally, in order to increase damping of the actuator system and to improve the control accuracy, a cascaded PID controller is designed with consideration of the dynamics and static behaviour of the actuator. Experiment result shows that error is of only 5% if PID is cascaded with hysteresis compensation. Therefore, hysteresis compensation with PID controller greatly improves the micromanipulation accuracy of the microgripper actuated by piezoelectric stack.


"Wisdom quality is knowledge sequence" microscopically;being "nonequilibrium is the source of sequence",during the formation of sensibility potential and stream of consciousness,wisdom quality comes onto being.Miscible education inspires "loving","loving" is not only identity element in macro quality of subgroup but also sensibility potential in wisdom quality.So the core of quality education is miscible education.


Background. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by hypoxia that affects several organic tissues. Retinal ganglion cells may suffer from the hypoxic status, and this may lead to alterations of retinal nerve fiber. Methods. Twenty-two eyes in CF patients were analyzed. A complete ocular evaluation and visual field exams of the 30 central degrees were performed using the frequency doubling technology (FDT). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC%), oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO2%), and hematocrit (Ht%) have been calculated. FDT analyzed parameters were mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD). Pearson's correlation was chosen as statistical analysis. Results. Data showed statistically significant relationship between MD and Ht% (r value −0.18; P = 0.04), MD and FEV1% (r value −0.68; P = 0.001), and MD and FVC% (r value −0.45; P = 0.005). Moreover, there were correlations between PSD and Ht% (r value 0.29; P = 0.03), PSD and SpO2% (r value −0.31; P = 0.01), PSD and FEV1% (r value 0.71; P = 0.0005), and PSD and FVC% (r value 0.63; P = 0.003). Conclusions. The oxygen supply alterations might determine hypoxia of the ganglion cells causing a decrease of receptive optic nerve fiber activity. This method could be also useful to evaluate indirectly pulmonary activity of the CF disease.


Learning styles play a significant role in language teaching and learning process. It influences the way students learn and how they approach learning situations, especially in the second language learning. Different students prefer diverse learning styles to learn a language. Therefore, understanding students' Perceptual Learning Style preferences (PLSPs) is important for every teacher to improve the effectiveness in teaching and learning process. This study seeks to identify the students' PLSPs that influ ence the way students learn and how they approach learning situations. To reach these purposes, a study was conducted on 70, level 2 Orang Asli students who also known as Indigenous students in one of the Kluang, Johor rural schools. Four study questions were incorporated in investigating the perceptual preferred learning styles of Level 2 Orang Asli students in terms of auditory, visual, tactile, and kinesthetic learning methods. The Learning Style Index (LSI) was used as the research instrument, and Dunn and Dunn's Perceptual Learning Style categorization was used. The subjects were given a survey comprises of 32 questions based on the four Research Questions. A scale of Always, Frequently, Occasionally, Rarely, and Never were used to determine the general extent of learning style practise. This aids in establishing the validity and reliability of the instrument. Visual and Auditory learning styles are more popular than Tactile and Kinesthetic learning styles, according to the study, with visual being the most popular, followed by Auditory, Tactile, and Kinesthetic learning styles, with Visual Learning Style having a high frequency. It is intended that the findings of this study would be a valuable addition to the current literature, influencing the educational system positively and supporting academicians in developing various and relevant lessons for students. The learning styles and study attitudes of students have a direct impact on their learning methods and orientations. Based on the findings, several recommendations are given to increase the effectiveness of teaching and student learning.


Looking ahead ten or twenty years, the urban population will inevitably increase in the Lima Metropolitan Area (LMA) of Peru. Various urban development projects will naturally be implemented in order to accommodate the additional population, and this could increase vulnerability to disasters from earthquakes if no corrective actions are taken. A computer simulation model termed LIMA-UVEQ was developed so that we could forecast the region's vulnerability to earthquake disasters over the next twenty years. Two cases were evaluated: one where some earthquake damage mitigation measures are incorporated with urban development projects and another where no such measures are implemented. With the modeling results, we then try to propose an appropriate policy mix that can be implemented in line with urban growth.


the manner in which it would be possible for rational economic decision-making to occur under socialism. Some economists, while admitting that it would be theoretically possible for rational decision-making to occur under socialism, are inclined to think that the process involved would be so difficult that the planners would probably rely largely on their own judgment in making basic decisions. Professor Schumpeter contends that the process would be rather simple and would almost certainly be used. He also thinks that technical efficiency in production might well be better under socialism than under capitalism, though he avoids saying that the productive results attained would be an &dquo;optimum&dquo; or would result in the greatest possible satisfaction of basic human wants. In dealing with the human element under socialism, the author realizes that his ground is less sure, but he is inclined to think that adequate incentives would be provided for all and that problems of labor discipline would not be insuperable. Finally, a peaceful, constitutional transition to socialism would probably be possible for


The rapid development of the network brought great impact on the traditional ideological and political education,meanwhile it promoted the establishment and development of college ideological and political education methods.Taking the building and development of ideological and political education method as the subject,research has been carried out in the field of concepts,effective use of method,problems arising in the practice of this method,causes and countermeasures to the problems,and other aspects.All the research has laid a solid foundation for the construction and developmentp of college ideological and political education methods.


!!!! Impact of Motor Action Familiarity on Motor Resonance

Mirror neurons were originally discovered in area F5 (responsive to goal-directed hand and mouth movements) of the ventral premotor cortex in macaque monkeys. Neurons in F5 discharged not only during the execution of a certain grasping movement, but also when the monkey looked at the experimenter producing the same action. [1]

Some of the strongest evidence testifying to the presence of mirror neurons in humans, however, has been observed in a phenomenon called motor resonance. Motor resonance is a partial activation of motor neural circuitry, caused by sensory (usually visual) stimulation. In other words, this activation of the sensorimotor cortex, normally responsible for voluntary movement-based actions, is also witnessed when subject is perceiving that particular movement/action in question. This is a theoretical interpretation of empirically documented cases, where de-synchronization in μ-rhythm (EEG) led to linking this very phenomenon with the already established framework of the system of mirror neurons in humans. [2]

The experimental design in its entirety will consist of two groups of subjects – an experimental group (primed seven days prior to the experiment by repetitiously executing object-oriented action) and a control group (with no prior experience with the said action) will watch video stimuli, while their EEG waves will be recorded. The stimuli, a person exercising aforementioned particular object-oriented motor action and multiple other ordinary actions as a control, will be taped (various angles) beforehand to keep the conditions uniform for all the subjects.

The pilot part of the research, intended to test and adjust the experimental design and stimuli will compare two groups of subjects. The experimental group will entail professional makers of the traditional Slovak musical instrument – fujara. The control group will consist of subjects unfamiliar with the specifics of the fujara making process. The stimulus, a specific movement included in the process of fabrication, will be presented to the subject, with control stimuli in form of different types of other actions for comparison.

The hypothesis states that the observed de-synchronization of the μ-rhythm in subjects from the experimental group should be significantly higher with respect to the control group and to the control stimuli. Output in the form of density maps for spectral subtractions will be presented to demonstrate either corroboration or repudiation of the hypothesis. [3]

!! References

[1] G. Rizzolatti et al., "Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions," Cognitive Brain Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 131-141, 1996.
[2] R. P. R. D. Van der Wel et al., "Action perception from a common coding perspective," in People Watching: Social, Perceptual, and Neurophysiological Studies of Body Perception, K. L. Johnson and M. Shiffrar, Eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 101-115.
[3] S. D. Muthukumaraswamy et al., "Mu rhythm modulation during observation of an object-directed grasp," Cognitive Brain Research, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 195-201, 2004.


Background : Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that poses serious threat to population health worldwide. Tuberculosis control enterprise becomes more complicated due to increasing number of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberkulosis (MDR-TB) cases. Globally there are approximately 580,000 cases of  MDR-TB, with only 125,000 cases (20%) resolved. Indonesia ranks tenth in the world by the number of MDR-TB cases after Angola, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Cina, Korea, Kongo, Etiopia, and India. This study aimed to analyzed the bio-psychosocial determinants of MDR-TB in Surakarta. Subjects and Method : This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted in Dr. Moewardi Hospital and BBKPM, Surakarta, from September to November 2017. A sample consisting of 76 MDR-TB patients and 228 non MDR-TB patients were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was MDR-TB. The independent variables were age, drug-taking adherence, depression, comorbidity, drug side-effect, drug-taking supervisor, and family income. The data were collected using a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results : MDR-TB was affected by lack of drug-taking adherence (b= -1.7; 95% CI= -2.23 to -1.07; p=0.001) and comorbidity (b= 1.5; 95% CI= 0.76 to 2.30; p=0.001). Drug-taking adherence was affected by depression (b= -1.7; 95% CI= -2.60 to -0.79; p=0.001), drug side effect (b= -1.5; CI 95%= -2.10 to -0.86; p=0.001), and drug-taking supervisor (b=2.5; 95% CI= 1.84 to 3.06; p=0.001). Comorbidity was affected by age (b= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.12 to 1.61; p= 0.022). Conclusion : MDR-TB is directly affected by lack of drug-taking adherence and comorbidity. MDR-TB is indirectly affected by drug-taking supervisor, depression, and drug side effect. Keyword : bio-psychosocial determinants, MDR-TB Correspondence:  Lina Alfiyani. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: email@example.com. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(3): 255-266 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.03.07Â


This book by Rees, Smith and Watson is applicable to pharmacy students, pharmacy technician students, as well as instructors.  The book is divided into 13 chapters and covers topics such as concentrations, dilutions and dosage calculation, that most pharmacy practitioners encounter.  The authors have primarily used the concept of proportions to approach most of the mathematical problems covered in this book.  The use of a consistent approach allows for continuity from one chapter to the next, and teaches students a single approach that enables solving most pharmacy-related mathematical problems.  The drawback, however, is that this one single approach may not suit all readers and learning styles.     The text is well laid out and easy to follow.  Concepts are discussed thoroughly while some areas, e.g., density, specific gravity and significant figures, can benefit from more in depth discussions.  The practice questions are relevant to most situations and are well-used to illustrate the concepts of interest.  The number of examples and practice questions are sufficient. It is evident that the book is primarily intended for students in the UK since the British Pharmacopeia and British National Formulary are its main references.  While readers outside of the UK will not have difficulty understanding the concepts, they will find some of the references not applicable.  The authors included some discussion on infusion rates and concentrations.  However, the book can benefit from inclusion of more in depth discussions and examples relevant to hospital practice (e.g., concentrations and the mixing of intravenous electrolyte solutions).  The inclusion of access to online videos is a welcomed addition and can appeal to students with various learning styles.                   In conclusion, this is a useful text for students and instructors.  The practice questions in this book are relevant to daily practice and can be used as a source of additional practice for students.


This paper discusses the role of economic integration in a model of endogenous growth where the size of the firm and the interactions between growth and the endogenous structure of the market play a crucial role. The focus is on the pure scale effects of integration and their welfare implications. The main result of the paper is that integration raises growth and welfare if it generates a market that is more competitive and where firms have access to a larger body of technological spillovers. Specifically, these conditions mean two things: (a) the number of domestic firms does not fall so much that in the integrated market there are fewer firms than in autarky; (b) R&D is characterized by spillovers so that one firms' are observable. The model, thus, provides practical guidelines for predicting the effects of integration by looking at how the larger extent of the market affects the organization of industry. Moreover, these conditions are likely to be met in reality, thus suggesting that economic integration is indeed beneficial.


This paper attempts to empirically analyse the potential effect of political institutions on the inward foreign direct investments (FDIs) in five developing nations from South Asia, namely, Pakistan, Nepal, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Making FDI implies committing resources for a long time in the host economy. Therefore, availability of stable political institutions is one of the essential foreign location requisites for the multinationals' operations. Analysing annual aggregate data for years 1970 to 2009 through random effect panel estimation technique it is found that institutional indicators which count the most for foreign direct investors in SAARC nations are democratic accountability, absence of military and religious influences in politics, corruption-free and honest public office holders, and efficient bureaucracy. The results clearly indicate that changes in institutional variables do not make a significant positive impact on inward FDIs when aggregate measures of political institutional efficiency are employed. However, when these collective measures are disaggregated to a more clearly focused set of factors, their increased effectiveness significantly leads to additional FDI inflows. These results suggest that the findings are robust to alternative proxies of institutional strength, but sensitive to using catch-all composite measures of institutions


OBJECTIVE To identify and detemine the content of baicalin in Danggui Niantong pill.METHODS Angelica sinensis,Sophora flavescens,Atractylodes lancea,Pueraria lobata and Notopterygium franchetii were identified by TLC.And the content of baicalin in Scutellaria viscidula was determined by HPLC.RESULTS Angelica sinensis,Sophora flavescents,Atractylodes lancea,Pueraria lobata and Notopterygium franchetii could be dentified by TLC.Baicalin content showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.080-0.401 μg(r=0.9998).The average recovery was 98.28% with the RSD of 1.01%.CONCLUSION The methods are accurate and reliable,and can be used for the quality control of Danggui Niantong pill.


As control rooms are modernized with new digital systems at nuclear power plants, it is necessary to evaluate operator performance with these systems as part of a verification and validation process. While there is regulatory and industry guidance for some modernization activities, there are no well defined standard processes or predefined metrics available for assessing what is satisfactory operator interaction with new systems, especially during the early design stages. This paper proposes a framework defining the design process and metrics for evaluating human system interfaces as part of control room modernization. The process and metrics are generalizable to other applications and serve as a guiding template for utilities undertaking their own control room modernization activities.


Preface Introduction 1. Sir Philip Sidney: 'Huge desyre' 2. John Donne: 'Defects of lonelinesse' 3. John Donne: 'The Holy Ghost is amorous in his metaphors' 4. George Herbert: 'The best love' 5. Richard Crashaw: 'Love's delicious fire' 6. Thomas Carew: 'Fresh invention' 7. John Milton: 'Because we freely love' 8. John Milton: 'Haile wedded love' Conclusion.


This volume contains the full papers accepted for presentation at the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2015 held in the Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, on June 29 - July 2, 2015. The ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics is an international meeting held once every two years in a European country. Continuing the very successful series of past conferences that have been organized in Lisbon (2003), Madrid (2005), Milan (2007), Warsaw (2009), Brussels (2011) and Zagreb (2013); this edition will once again serve as a meeting point for the international researchers, scientists and experts from academia, research laboratories and industry working in the area of multibody dynamics. Applications are related to many fields of contemporary engineering, such as vehicle and railway systems, aeronautical and space vehicles, robotic manipulators, mechatronic and autonomous systems, smart structures, biomechanical systems and nanotechnologies. The topics of the conference include, but are not restricted to: ● Formulations and Numerical Methods ● Efficient Methods and Real-Time Applications ● Flexible Multibody Dynamics ● Contact Dynamics and Constraints ● Multiphysics and Coupled Problems ● Control and Optimization ● Software Development and Computer Technology ● Aerospace and Maritime Applications ● Biomechanics ● Railroad Vehicle Dynamics ● Road Vehicle Dynamics ● Robotics ● Benchmark Problems


Employee commitment to the organisation is one of the major tools for building organisational capabilities towards gaining competitive advantage and effectiveness over others in any industry. However, this requires effective human resource management practices, thereby leading to favourable and enhanced organisational outcomes. This study seeks to examine the impact of three human resource management practices including: performance management, compensation system, and teamwork, on employee organisational commitment. To proffer a solution to the aforementioned objective, paper and pen data collection was done for 312 employees in six selected guesthouses in south-west Nigeria. SPSS and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used for analysing the data collected. The outcomes revealed positive and statistical significant effect of human resource management practices on the employee organisational commitment. This study concludes that, performance management, compensation system and teamwork play major role in boosting the employees' organisational commitment in the study sector. Keywords: Performance management, compensation system, teamwork, organisational commitment, hospitality sector.


In this paper, we recommend a new method, which use SEM/EDS(mainly) and FTIR(secondarily) to analyze the pyrotechnic compound in the explosive device or residue ,The methods is very useful to checkout pyrotechnic compound.


Previously, adsorption and desorption behaviors of tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (TTAC) and pentadecylethoxylated nonyl phenol (NP-15) mixtures have been reported. It was observed that there was either synergistic or competitive adsorption between these two surfactants depending on the mixture ratios and the concentrations studied and that their adsorption/desorption behaviors were also rather complex. To better elucidate the mechanisms involved in these adsorption and desorption processes it is important to the understand the exact nature of the physico-chemical interactions between various components in mixtures and, how this in turn, controls the performance of the surfactant systems. Recently we have adapted the ultrafiltration technique to determine monomer concentrations in surfactant mixtures and to study the aggregation phenomenon between TTAC and NP-15. During the current report period, monomer concentrations of TTAC and NP-15 were measured for different mixing ratios at a constant ionic strength of 0.03 M NaCl and after adsorption for 4:1 TTAC:NP-15 mixture system. Possible behaviors of mixed micellization processes in solution are proposed and the relationship between monomer concentration and adsorption density is discussed.


The important progresses achieved in key fusion technology and physics experiments on China Tokamak HL-2A are briefly introduced.The most important progress is the achievement of high confinement mode on HL-2A,it marks a milestone in the history of magnetic confinement fusion research in China.


The network environment in modern society makes the available media in the communication of people more and more,understanding the traits and function modes of media is very important to improve operating performance of enterprises.This paper elaborates the emergence and meanings of media research,studies the development and points of MRT,MST and MNT,gives a comparison from the development stage,the positioning and contributions of theories respectively,and gets some opinions about the development of the media theory research.


This paper seeks to introduce the importance of the spatial conceptualization in heritage studies. It appears that the study of heritage is displayed, many times, as an addendum of research related to tourism. Regarding the relations between heritage and geography, our goal is to bring together two realms of knowledge by debating the spatial category within three approaches: the space as material environment; the space as difference; and the space as social spatiality. It is noteworthy that none of the perspectives brought forward can solely comprehend the role played by this conceptual category in the heritage studies. Therefore, we conducted an evaluation of the main aspects that each spatial theory brings to the heritage studies. In this way, we sought to encourage new possibilities for dialogue among these two fields of knowledge.


Background The covalent linkage between DNA and the active site tyrosine of topoisomerase I can be stabilized by chemotherapeutic agents, adjacent DNA lesions, or mutational defects in the topoisomerase itself. Following collision with a replication fork, the covalent complex can be converted to a double‐strand break. Tdp1, an enzyme that can hydrolyse the bond between topoisomerase I and DNA, is thought to be involved in the repair of these lesions, but little is known about how such repair is accomplished.


The trigatron described is a four-stage device, suitable for chopping a 50 Hz alternating voltage in the range from 50-400 kv r.m.s. within a few microseconds. The problems encountered with a.c. trigatrons are outlined, and the important operational characteristics are presented. The application of the device for discharge suppression in electric strength measurements is indicated.


This paper discusses the thinking differences between English and Chinese and reveals the impacts of the differences on translation.It also proposes that the differences be paid attention to and mistakes in understanding and expression be avoided in order to achieve "faithfulness" and "expressiveness" in the translated versions.


An imageable coating, a thermal negative-working lithography printing plate, and a platemaking method therefor. The imageable coating comprises the following constituents in parts by weight: a radically polymerizable compound 20-60 parts, a radiation-absorbing compound 0.5-12 parts, a free radical initiator 1-25 parts, a binding agent 10-70 parts, and a development accelerator 0.5-15 parts. The platemaking method comprises the following steps: S1, manufacturing a printing plate precursor, the printing plate precursor comprising a substrate having a hydrophilic surface or being provided with a hydrophilic layer and the imageable coating covering the substrate; S2, patternedly exposing the printing plate precursor, thus forming an exposed area and an unexposed area; and S3, removing the unexposed area via a development process. The employment of the imageable coating and the plate making method allows the implementation of a flexible development process of "in-unit development" or "off-unit development" and produces a printing plate provided with great printing performance.


Objective:To investigate the protective effects of schizandra B(SchB)on the injury of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells induced by glutamic acid(Glu),and to clarify its influence in ATR signaling pathway.Methods:The SH-SY5 Y cells were divided into control group,dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group,model group,SchB1 group,SchB2 group,and SchB3 group.The SH-SY5 Y cells in control group were untreated;the SH-SY5 Ycells in DMSO group were treated with DMSO(17mmol·L-1)for 24h;the SH-SY5 Y cells in model group were treated with Glu(20mmol·L-1)for 24 h.The SH-SY5 Ycells in SchB1 group,SchB2 group,and SchB3 group were firstly pretreated with SchB(0.1μmol· L-1)for 24 h,and exposed to20mmol·L-1 Glu for 24 hat the same time.The survival rate of SH-SY5 Ycells was detected by MTT assay,and the changes of cell cycle of SH-SY5 Ycells were determined by flow cytometry.Western blotting method was used to detect the protein expressions.Results:The MTT detection results showed that compared with model group,the survival rates of SH-SY5 Ycells in SchB1 group,SchB2 group,and SchB3 group were increased(P0.05 or P0.01),and the survival rate in SchB2 group was the highest(P0.01),the SchB2 group was selected as SchB group for the following experiment.The cell cycle detection results showed that the percentage of SH-SY5 Ycells in model group at G0/G1 phage was decreased(P0.05);compared with control group,the percentages of SH-SY5 Ycells in model group at S phage and G2/M phage were increased(P0.05);compared with model group,the percentage of SH-SY5 Ycells in SchB group at G0/G1 phage was increased(P0.05),and the percentages of SH-SY5 Ycells in SchB group at S phage and G2/M phage were decreased(P0.05).The Western blotting detection results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of ATR,pCHK1,p-Cdc25 cand P53proteins in the SH-SY5 Ycells in model group were increased(P0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of ATR,p-CHK1,p-Cdc25 cand P53proteins in the SH-SY5 Ycell in SchB group were decreased(P0.05).Conclusion:SchB could protect the damage of SH-SY5 Ycells by GLu,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the ATR signaling pathway and reducing the cell cycle arrest.


Ninty-four newly diagnosed young type 2 diabetic patients were treated by acarbose, metformin or glipizide for 36 weeks. The results showed that these drugs had similar effects in reducing blood glucose. Acabose decreased postprandial insulin secretion and had higher safety and better compliance. It was appropriate to use in newly diagnosed young type 2 diabetic patients.


As network events cause much enthusiasm of netizens in public opinion supervision,they also inspire netizens to opposite the mainstream culture and powerful discourse.Nowadays,the undercurrent of populism which embodies as"busybody culture"has gained lots of favor.This thesis considers that the populism tendency of grassroots network communication leads to the irrational state.One of the social reasons lies in the psychology of antagonism to culture and politics which is aroused by social injustice and inequality.This kind of network communication culture will result in vulgarization of media culture.


The isolation of high quality RNA is a crucial technique in plant molecular biology. The quality of RNA determines the reliability of downstream process like real time PCR. In this paper, we reported a high quality RNA extraction protocol for a variety of plant species. Our protocol is time effective than traditional RNA extraction methods. The method takes only an hour to complete the procedure. Spectral measurement and electrophoresis were used to demonstrate RNA quality and quantity. The extracted RNA was further used for cDNA synthesis, expression analysis and copy number determination through Real Time PCR. The results indicate that RNA was of good quality and fit for real time PCR. This high throughput plant RNA extraction protocol can be used to isolate high quality RNA from diverse plants for real time PCR and other downstream applications.


Opioid analgesics are primarily used to treat chronic and acute pain and, when used appropriately, can be an important part of treatment (1). Pain is a major symptom of patients visiting the emergency department (ED), with up to 42% of ED visits being related to pain (2). Opioids may either be administered in the ED as part of treatment, provided post-treatment in the form of a prescription, or both (3). This report compares rates and percentages of ED visits by adults at which opioids were only given in the ED, only prescribed at discharge, or both, by selected characteristics.


Study of steel produced by 130 tonne oxygen converters. A study was made of hot rolled rails, quenched in oil or heated along their surface only by a high frequency current. The results illustrate that these rails have the same characteristics as those made of open hearth steel as far as yield strength and fatigue resistance are concerned.


Omalonyx geayi Tillier, 1980 was originally described on the basis of specimen material from Kaw swamp, French Guiana, distinguished from other species of Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1837: (i) by hermaphrodite duct twice as long and sacculate, without radial ducts but a funnel-shaped insertion on the ovariotestis, and (ii) by longitudinal wrinkled folds on the phallus inner wall. Two recent collections – from Trinidad and Carauari (Amazonas, Brazil) included specimens with ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct morphologies similar to that originally described for O. geayi , but with phallus morphology not consistent with identification as O. geayi . A further eight collections, from Suriname, Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas and Alagoas States), Bolivia and Cayenne-Kourou Road in French Guiana comprised specimens with phallus morphology analogous to O. geayi and ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct similar to that of other Omalonyx species. Based on histological examinations, and earlier phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, we conclude that the ovariotestis and hermaphrodite duct conditions previously described for O. geayi were based on parasitized specimens. Accordingly, O. geayi is redescribed, and new information presented on the species' wide distribution in South America.


The advancement of IT innovation has facilitated teaching and learning in higher education institutions. However, little research has been carried out regarding the role of social influence in post adoption stage. In order to answer the research question, this research will examine the role of social influence in explaining continuance intention. Data were collected from 500 undergraduate and postgraduate students from private university in Kuantan Malaysia using a validated set of questionnaire. A simple linear regression has been carried out to answer the research question. The results indicate that social influence was positively related to the continuance intention. Implications from these results are further discussed


Abstract : The response of coastal sea level to local forcing by synpotic scale winds is usually assumed to be linear in wind stress. However, the response of sea level at St. Petersburg, Florida is found to be not linear, but to a power significantly less than one. The observed power-law exponent is 0.8 + or - 0.1. The deviation from linearity in the power law is shown to be consistent with the effect of the quadratic form of the instantaneous bottom drag law. Therefore, the non-linear response should be true, to varying degrees, on many continental shelves. Recognition of this non-linear sea level response to wind stress may allow significant improvement in the analysis of some sea-level problems. (Author)


The martensitic phase transition (MPT) from fcc to bcc is studied by a new combination of established methods. A continuous change between the two phases is possible according to the Bain transition in which the c/a ratio in a body centered tetragonal structure is varied between √2 and 1. As an example the electronic structure of Sr is determined by quantum mechanical calculations employing the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method (as embodied in the WIEN code) in which exchange and correlation effects are described within the local spin density approximation. From these calculations we obtain the total energy as a function of the Bain variable c/a and the volume. The resulting energy surfaces E(c/a, V) valide at T=0K define the ground state and show e.g. the relative stability along the Bain transition. In a second step, this T=0K quantum mechanical total energy surface is fitted to a Ginzburg-Landau model to study finite temperature effects by treating fluctuations of the two order parameters c/a and V. This combined approach allows to describe the temperature induced first order phase transition between the fcc and the bcc phase as being driven by stain fluctuations rather than by phonon softening


Part 1 Research issues: research on school/organizational effectiveness - the end of the beginning, David Reynolds institutional leadership - issues and challenges, Meredydd Hughes the management and development of staff, Ray Bolam managing learning, Brian Wilcox the management of resources - limited research effort on major issues, Bill Dennison. Part 2 Case studies: micropolitical processes - negotiating the implementation of change in schools, Hugh Busher managing computers as a resource in secondary schools, David Lancaster TVEI and wider implications of technology in education, Colin Morgan the audit commission and accountability, Pamela Young. Part 3 Research reports: primary school headship - a review of research, Alan Coulson preparing for the "new inset" - external agency intervention in the management of inservice training and staff development, Karen Evans leadership development in universities, Robin Middlehurst some implications for educational management of findings from the ILEA's junior school project, Pam Sammons and Louis Stoll. Part 4 Methodological issues: codification, classification and prescription in teachers' contracts, Patricia Leighton evaluating local management of schools - establishing a methodological framework, Rosalind Levacic gender and school management, Colin Riches policy making, unintended consequences and transformative change in education, Mike Smith. Part 5 Models: middle management in secondary schools - a research agenda, Peter Earley and Felicity Fletcher-Campbell coupled arrangements in split-site schools, Colin Jarvis school staff employment trends in the maintained sector - some agendas for research, Ron Stenning researching local management of schools - the case for multiple perspectives, Tim Simkins changes in assessment - issues in the management of learning, Harry Torrance secondary school headship - a review of research, Dick Weindling. Part 6 Overview perspectives: methodological dialogue, Sara Delamont and Michael Locke conclusions, Rene Saran and Vernon Trafford.